{"pageNumber":"5447","pageRowStart":"136150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165626,"records":[{"id":5200043,"text":"5200043 - 1975 - Field ecology investigations of the effects of selected pesticides on wildlife populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:23","indexId":"5200043","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:33:21","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":227,"text":"U.S. International Biological Program, Grassland Biome Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"No. 289.","title":"Field ecology investigations of the effects of selected pesticides on wildlife populations","language":"English","publisher":"Colorado State University ","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins","collaboration":"OCLC: 67648961 PDF on file: 1720_McEwen.pdf","usgsCitation":"McEwen, L.C., and Ells, J., 1975, Field ecology investigations of the effects of selected pesticides on wildlife populations: U.S. International Biological Program, Grassland Biome Technical Report No. 289., 55.","productDescription":"55","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202786,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f59c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McEwen, L. C.","contributorId":33414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEwen","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ells, J.O.","contributorId":10910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ells","given":"J.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5210430,"text":"5210430 - 1975 - Urban planning and urban wildlife, a case study of a planned city near Washington, D.C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:19","indexId":"5210430","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Urban planning and urban wildlife, a case study of a planned city near Washington, D.C","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife in Urban Canada, Proceedings of a Symposium held at the University of Guelph, May 26 to May 30, 1975","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Guelph","publisherLocation":"Guelph, Ontario, Canada","collaboration":"OCLC: 3452004","usgsCitation":"Geis, A.D., 1975, Urban planning and urban wildlife, a case study of a planned city near Washington, D.C, chap. of Wildlife in Urban Canada, Proceedings of a Symposium held at the University of Guelph, May 26 to May 30, 1975, p. 79-84.","productDescription":"134","startPage":"79","endPage":"84","numberOfPages":"134","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6052ca","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Euler, David","contributorId":113676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euler","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506449,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilbert, Frederick","contributorId":113767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Frederick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506450,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKeating, Gerald","contributorId":111466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKeating","given":"Gerald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506448,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Geis, A. D.","contributorId":72885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geis","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210199,"text":"5210199 - 1975 - The costs and effects of chronic exposure to low-level pollutants in the environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:13","indexId":"5210199","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:16","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The costs and effects of chronic exposure to low-level pollutants in the environment","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hearings before the Subcommittee on the Environment and the Atmosphere, Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, November 14, 1975","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Stickel, L., 1975, The costs and effects of chronic exposure to low-level pollutants in the environment, chap. of Hearings before the Subcommittee on the Environment and the Atmosphere, Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, November 14, 1975, p. 716-728.","startPage":"716","endPage":"728","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196014,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db668926","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stickel, L.F.","contributorId":41095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickel","given":"L.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210106,"text":"5210106 - 1975 - Distribution and density of bird species hazardous to aircraft","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:15","indexId":"5210106","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:16","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Distribution and density of bird species hazardous to aircraft","docAbstract":"Only in the past 5 years has it become feasible to map the relative abundance of North American birds. Two programs presently under way and a third that is in the experimental phase are making possible the up-to-date mapping of abundance as well as distribution. A fourth program that has been used successfully in Europe and on a small scale in parts of North America yields detailed information on breeding distribution. The Breeding Bird Survey, sponsored by the U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife and the Canadian Wildlife Service, involves 2,000 randomly distributed roadside counts that are conducted during the height of the breeding season in all U.S. States and Canadian Provinces. Observations of approximately 1.4 million birds per year are entered on magnetic tape and subsequently used both for statistical analysis of population trends and for computer mapping of distribution and abundance. The National Audubon Society's Christmas Bird Count is conducted in about 1,000 circles, each 15 miles (24 km) in diameter, in the latter half of December. Raw data for past years have been published in voluminous reports, but not in a form for ready analysis. Under a contract between the U.S. Air Force and the U. S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife (in cooperation with the National Audubon Society), preliminary maps showing distribution and abundance of selected species that are potential hazards to aircraft are presently being mapped and prepared for publication. The Winter Bird Survey, which is in its fifth season of experimental study in a limited area in Central Maryland, may ultimately replace the Christmas Bird Count source. This Survey consists of a standardized 8-kilometer (5-mile) route covered uniformly once a year during midwinter. Bird Atlas programs, which map distribution but not abundance, are well established in Europe and are gaining interest in America","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of a Conference on the Biological Aspects of the Bird/Aircraft Collision Problem","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Clemson University, Department of Zoology","publisherLocation":"Clemson, South Carolina","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1975, Distribution and density of bird species hazardous to aircraft, chap. of Proceedings of a Conference on the Biological Aspects of the Bird/Aircraft Collision Problem, p. 191-207.","productDescription":"535","startPage":"191","endPage":"207","numberOfPages":"535","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649d9c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gauthreaux, Sidney A. Jr.","contributorId":113048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gauthreaux","given":"Sidney","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506008,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210197,"text":"5210197 - 1975 - Some effects of pollutants in terrestrial ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:13","indexId":"5210197","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:16","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Some effects of pollutants in terrestrial ecosystems","docAbstract":"Summary: Pollutants tend to simplify plant and animal communities by causing a progressive loss of species. At the extreme, this leads to erosion and loss of soil fertility. Weedy, broadly adapted species increase. Among animals, carnivorous species and groups are often the first to suffer. This is partly because of their exposure at the top of the food chain, and partly, it appears, because of physiological differences. Species differences in susceptibility are abundant and are often critical. One result is that when one pest is controlled another is likely to flare up. Resistance appears commonly in insects and is known in other fast-breeding forms, including fishes, frogs, and rodents. Resistant individuals can carry toxicant loads that make them dangerous food for other animals. Some groups, including mollusks and annelids, are naturally resistant to many organohalogens and tend to accumulate them. Animals such as birds may carry lipophilic pollutants in large amounts with apparent safety until forced to draw upon their fat. They may then suffer delayed mortality, and no doubt suffer reproductive or behavioral effects at sublethal levels. Lipophilic pollutants in the brain rise when body lipids decrease and fall when body lipids increase. Mutagenesis can be caused by some common pollutants and the mutagenic properties of most chemicals are far too little known. Fortunately, common pesticides are not likely to be strong mutagens. Mutagenicity may be affecting certain long-lived and slow-breeding species in the wild, but most species have enough population turnover to swamp an occasional mutagenic event. Behavioral changes can be caused by relatively low levels of contaminants, but it is often hard to demonstrate them without using high dosages. Reproduction may or may not be affected adversely by low exposures. At certain exposures that are below the toxic levels of a chemical, a biostimulatory effect is to be expected. Food chain accumulations definitely do occur when persistent chemicals enter organisms that eliminate them poorly. However, loss of chemicals in the food chain must be more common than accumulation. The great concentration from water to aquatic organism is chiefly a physical phenomenon, not a food chain effect, but it affords high starting levels for these chains. Terrestrial food chains often start at a high level with heavily contaminated, struggling prey. Litter feeders are another important base. Vegetation may be contaminated enough to be dangerous to animals that eat it. Dermal and respiratory routes of intoxication occur in the wild, but the oral route is far more important at most times and places. The organisms that govern soil fertility and texture are affected more by cultivation than by pesticides. Above ground, growing knowledge of resistance, species differences, and biological controls is leading to integrated control, in which use of chemicals is limited and specific. We do not know what is happening to most nontarget invertebrates. Amphibians and reptiles may be killed by applications of insecticides, but are not highly sensitive and can carry large residues. Effects of these residues on reproduction are little known. Heavy kills of birds by pesticides still occur in the field. Fish-eating and bird-eating birds also undergo shell thinning and related reproductive troubles in many areas, sometimes to the point of population decline and local or regional extermination. DDE most often correlates with shell thinning in the wild and in experiments. No other known chemical approaches DDE in causing severe and lasting shell thinning. Herbivorous birds seem to be largely immune to this effect. It is uncertain how much dieldrin and PCBs contribute to embryotoxicity in carnivorous birds. Mammals may be killed by the more toxic pesticides, but some of the commonest small rodents are so resistant, and lose their residues so rapidly, that they are of little","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Toxicology Research: Effects of Heavy Metal and Organohalogen Compounds: Proceedings of a NATO Science Committee Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Plenum Press","publisherLocation":"New York","usgsCitation":"Stickel, W.H., 1975, Some effects of pollutants in terrestrial ecosystems, chap. of Ecological Toxicology Research: Effects of Heavy Metal and Organohalogen Compounds: Proceedings of a NATO Science Committee Conference, p. 25-74.","productDescription":"xi, 323","startPage":"25","endPage":"74","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196012,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e9e4b07f02db5e92d2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"McIntyre, A.D.","contributorId":112074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntyre","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506107,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mills, C.F.","contributorId":112209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506108,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Stickel, W. H.","contributorId":23239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickel","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210138,"text":"5210138 - 1975 - The status of the wolf in the United States, 1973","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:20","indexId":"5210138","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:16","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The status of the wolf in the United States, 1973","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wolves: Proceedings of the First Working Meeting of Wolf Specialists and of the First International Conference on the Conservation of the Wolf","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources","publisherLocation":"Morges, Switzerland","usgsCitation":"Mech, L., and Rausch, R., 1975, The status of the wolf in the United States, 1973, chap. of Wolves: Proceedings of the First Working Meeting of Wolf Specialists and of the First International Conference on the Conservation of the Wolf, p. 83-88.","productDescription":"145","startPage":"83","endPage":"88","numberOfPages":"145","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db634133","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Pimlott, D.H.","contributorId":111556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pimlott","given":"D.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506047,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rausch, R.A.","contributorId":22881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rausch","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5200132,"text":"5200132 - 1975 - A.B.A. Checklist: Birds of Continental United States and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:16","indexId":"5200132","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"A.B.A. Checklist: Birds of Continental United States and Canada","docAbstract":"The purpose of this Checklist is to provide a complete up-to-date list of the bird species that have been recorded in the 49 continental United States and Canada. This list includes the native North American breeding species, the regular visitors, the accidentals from other countries that are believed to have strayed here without the direct aid of man, and those introduced species that have become well established and are now a true part of our avifauna. The A.B.A. Checklist will be revised at frequent intervals to keep up with changes in classification and additions to the avifauna. This edition includes a total of 794 species. For details of geographic range and for a complete list of re<;ognized subspecies the reader is referred to the latest (5th) edition of the A. O. U. Check-List of North American Birds, prepared by a committee of the American Ornithologists' Union, 1957, and to the 32nd Supplement published in April 1973 (Auk 90:411-419).","language":"English","publisher":"American Birding Association","publisherLocation":"Austin Texas","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., Harrison, W., Keith, G., McCaskie, R., Peterson, R., Pettingell, N., Pettingell, O., Small, A., Smart, R., and Tucker, J., 1975, A.B.A. Checklist: Birds of Continental United States and Canada (First), viii, 64.","productDescription":"viii, 64","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"First","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4a2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harrison, W.","contributorId":74110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keith, G.S.","contributorId":40319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCaskie, R.G.","contributorId":103386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCaskie","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peterson, R.T.","contributorId":10520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pettingell, N.","contributorId":61133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pettingell","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pettingell, O.S. Jr.","contributorId":10130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pettingell","given":"O.S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Small, A.","contributorId":84876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Small","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Smart, R.W.","contributorId":29545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smart","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Tucker, J.A.","contributorId":57992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70164419,"text":"70164419 - 1975 - Linkage effects between deposit discovery and postdiscovery exploratory drilling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-03T15:29:36","indexId":"70164419","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linkage effects between deposit discovery and postdiscovery exploratory drilling","docAbstract":"

For the 1950-71 period of petroleum exploration in the Powder River Basin, northeastern Wyoming and southeastern Montana, three specific topics were investigated. First, the wildcat wells drilled during the ambient phases of exploration are estimated to have discovered 2.80 times as much petroleum per well as the wildcat wells drilled during the cyclical phases of exploration, periods when exploration plays were active. Second, the hypothesis was tested and verified that during ambient phases of exploration the discovery of deposits could be anticipated by a small but statistically significant rise in the ambient drilling rate during the year prior to the year of discovery. Closer examination of the data suggests that this anticipation effect decreases through time. Third, a regression model utilizing the two independent variables of (1) the volume of petroleum contained in each deposit discovered in a cell and the directly adjacent cells and (2) the respective depths of these deposits was constructed to predict the expected yearly cyclical wildcat drilling rate in four 30 by 30 min (approximately 860 mi2) sized cells. In two of these cells relatively large volumes of petroleum were discovered, whereas in the other two cells smaller volumes were discovered. The predicted and actual rates of wildcat drilling which occurred in each cell agreed rather closely.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Drew, L.J., 1975, Linkage effects between deposit discovery and postdiscovery exploratory drilling: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 2, p. 169-179.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"179","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316547,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":316546,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue2/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"28.00 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Powder River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -104,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -104,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 42.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b332f8e4b0cc79997f339a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drew, Lawrence J. ldrew@usgs.gov","contributorId":2635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"Lawrence","email":"ldrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":597194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70164433,"text":"70164433 - 1975 - K-Ar ages of plutonic rocks in the Lassiter Coast area, Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-03T17:29:03","indexId":"70164433","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"K-Ar ages of plutonic rocks in the Lassiter Coast area, Antarctica","docAbstract":"

Numerous middle Cretaceous stocks and small batholiths intruded Middle and Upper Jurassic sedimentary and volcanic rocks in the Lassiter Coast area of the southern Antarctic Peninsula. To establish the age of the quartz diorite and granodiorite plutonic events, five plutons were dated by the K-Ar method. The results indicate a timespan of about 20 m.y. for the emplacement of the plutons and a minimum age of 120 m.y. for the deformation of the sedimentary (Latady Formation) and volcanic rocks. Three of the more silicic plutons have concordant biotite and hornblende ages of 100 and 106 m.y.; two discordant ages of about 118 m.y. were obtained on the more mafic plutons. Petrographically, chemically, and geochronologically, the plutons of the southern to central Lassiter Coast are similar to the calc-alkaline suite of igneous rocks of the Andes of Patagonia, the Antarctic Peninsula, and eastern Ellsworth Land.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Mehnert, H.H., Rowley, P.D., and Schmidt, D., 1975, K-Ar ages of plutonic rocks in the Lassiter Coast area, Antarctica: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 2, p. 233-236.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"236","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316570,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":316569,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue2/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"28.00 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica, Lassiter Coast, Latady Mountains, Scaife Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -63,\n -74\n ],\n [\n -63,\n -75.5\n ],\n [\n -67,\n -75.5\n ],\n [\n -67,\n -74\n ],\n [\n -63,\n -74\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b332f7e4b0cc79997f3393","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mehnert, Harald H.","contributorId":56221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehnert","given":"Harald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowley, Peter D.","contributorId":27435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowley","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, Dwight L.","contributorId":69568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Dwight L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70164434,"text":"70164434 - 1975 - Flows of impact melt at lunar crater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-03T17:37:56","indexId":"70164434","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flows of impact melt at lunar crater","docAbstract":"

Lavalike materials that were emplaced in a fluid state occur in and around lunar impact craters whose diameters range from 3 km to more than 200 km and whose ages span a time interval of at least 3.5 b.y. Evidence of fluid emplacement includes flow lobes and leveed channels, a veneer mantling rough crater topography, level-surfaced pools, and complex contraction fissuring. The distribution of the lavalike deposits conforms to asymmetries of other ejecta from the same craters, and the material is concentrated downrange to distances as great as a crater radius. The character and distribution of the lavalike materials support the idea that they formed by impact melting rather than by volcanism. Returned samples indicate that materials with appropriate physical characteristics are generated by partial melting of feldspathic rocks by impact. The geologic evidence at lunar craters suggests that there is more melt rock in and near the craters than is predicted by experiment and theory.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Howard, K.A., and Wilshire, H.G., 1975, Flows of impact melt at lunar crater: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 2, p. 237-251.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"251","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316572,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":316571,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue2/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"28.00 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b332f0e4b0cc79997f3359","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, K. A.","contributorId":48938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howard","given":"K.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilshire, H. G.","contributorId":36125,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilshire","given":"H.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70164417,"text":"70164417 - 1975 - Delineation of buried glacial drift aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T12:11:34","indexId":"70164417","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T04:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Delineation of buried glacial drift aquifers","docAbstract":"

Locating and delineating buried glacial-drift aquifers poses one of the major problems to hydrogeologists working in glacial terrain. To show the vertical and horizontal boundaries of aquifers, most techniques require a multiple set of maps, a fence diagram, or a combination of maps and sections. Calculations of the first two moments, mean and standard deviation, of a discontinuous distribution result in values that represent the center of gravity (mean position) and spread (standard deviation) of all the sand units in a drill hole. Data for the moment method consist of depth to center point and thickness of each sand unit. A 2.600 mi2 (6,730 km2) area in northwestern Minnesota that, contained 71 test holes drilled to bedrock was used to test the usefulness of the moment method in glacial terrain. Plots of relative position of center of gravity and relative spread (calculated as percentage of total drift thickness) showed three groupings for relative center of gravity (shallow, 0-26 percent, medium, 30-55. and deep 58-72) and three for spread of sand units (narrow, 1-5 percent, medium, 8-19, and wide, 22-38). The resulting vertical-variability pattern map shows the areas of each of the nine combinations of these two factors. Because the vertical-variability map does not show quantity of sand, the map is most informative if the total thickness of sand, 01- percent sand of total drift thickness, is recorded by each hole location on the map. The center of gravity is useful for describing the vertical position of the principal sand in a drill hole because it lies within the principal sand unit in 34 of the 63 holes that contained sand, and it is within 15 percent (based on total drift, thickness) of the principal sand unit in 22 of the remaining 29 holes.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., 1975, Delineation of buried glacial drift aquifers: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 2, p. 137-148.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"148","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316541,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":316540,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue2/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"28.00 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Minnesota","county":"Kittson County, Marshall County, Oakland County, Roseau County","otherGeospatial":"Lac Qui Parle River watershed, Mesabi Iron Range, Roseau River watershed,","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -95,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -95,\n 48\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.5,\n 44.5\n ],\n [\n -96.5,\n 45.5\n ],\n [\n -95.5,\n 45.5\n ],\n [\n -95.5,\n 44.5\n ],\n [\n -96.5,\n 44.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92,\n 47\n ],\n [\n -92,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -93,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -93,\n 47\n ],\n [\n -92,\n 47\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83,\n 42.2\n ],\n [\n -83,\n 42.8\n ],\n [\n -83.8,\n 42.8\n ],\n [\n -83.8,\n 42.2\n ],\n [\n -83,\n 42.2\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b332eae4b0cc79997f3313","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70164416,"text":"70164416 - 1975 - Estimates of temperature and precipitation for northeastern Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-16T11:39:09","indexId":"70164416","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T04:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimates of temperature and precipitation for northeastern Utah","docAbstract":"

Estimates of temperature and precipitation were made for northeastern Utah from information that was collected at 67 locations. The variable-length records were converted to the common-time base of 1941-70; then general relations were developed to extend the converted point values to unsampled sites. Regression techniques were used to fill voids in the temperature-data base. Incomplete precipitation records were adjusted to the 1941-70 average on the assumption that the ratio of concurrent data is directly proportional to the ratio of the respective 1941-70 average annual values at nearby sites. Equations were then developed through a computer program to express the relationship of temperature and precipitation with altitude and location and to extend the information to unsampled sites. Two-thirds of the observed and estimated average annual temperature and precipitation values are within ±1.5°F (1.0°C) and 2.08 in (53 mm), respectively, of the calculated averages. Schematic diagrams, plotted by computer, were prepared to show variations of altitude, temperature, and precipitation; and maps, also plotted by computer, show lines of equal altitude, precipitation, and temperature.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","collaboration":"Work done in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Fields, F., and Adams, D.B., 1975, Estimates of temperature and precipitation for northeastern Utah: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 2, p. 131-136.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"136","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316539,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":316538,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue2/report.pdf","text":"Full Journal Issue","size":"28.00 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.5,\n 38.9\n ],\n [\n -111.5,\n 40.8\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 40.8\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 38.9\n ],\n [\n -111.5,\n 38.9\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b332ede4b0cc79997f3347","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fields, F.K.","contributorId":90826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fields","given":"F.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, D. B.","contributorId":59030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70164432,"text":"70164432 - 1975 - Comparison of fission-track, K-Ar, and Rb-Sr radiometric age determinations from some granite plutons in Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-03T17:22:08","indexId":"70164432","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T04:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of fission-track, K-Ar, and Rb-Sr radiometric age determinations from some granite plutons in Maine","docAbstract":"

Fission-track ages have been determined on eight apatite and four sphene concentrates separated from plutonic rocks in Maine. K-Ar and Rb-Sr ages for some of these rocks were previously published. In northeastern Maine the whole-rock Rb-Sr, biotite K-Ar, and apatite fission-track ages are concordant at 400-420 million years, whereas in south-central Maine the apatite fission-track age is 150 m.y. and the biotite K-Ar age is about 250 m.y. At intermediate positions along the traverse the whole-rock Rb-Sr, biotite K-Ar, and sphene fission-track ages agree fairly well in the range 390-325 m.y., but the apatite fission-track ages are all about 100 m.y. younger. This pattern is consistent with the hypothesis of burial metamorphism and uplift as proposed in 1970 by Zartman, Hurley, Krueger, and Giletti to explain the abundance of Permian K-Ar ages in central New England.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Naeser, C.W., and Brookins, D.G., 1975, Comparison of fission-track, K-Ar, and Rb-Sr radiometric age determinations from some granite plutons in Maine: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 2, p. 229-231.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"231","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316568,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":316567,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue2/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"28.00 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -71,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -67,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -67,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -71,\n 43\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b332e9e4b0cc79997f3306","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naeser, C. W.","contributorId":17582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"C.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brookins, D. G.","contributorId":93963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brookins","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70164421,"text":"70164421 - 1975 - An integrated-intensity method for emission spectrographic computer analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-03T15:33:42","indexId":"70164421","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T04:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An integrated-intensity method for emission spectrographic computer analysis","docAbstract":"

An integrated-intensity method has been devised to improve the computer analysis of data by emission spectrography. The area of the intensity profile of a spectral line is approximated by a rectangle whose height is related to the intensity difference between the peak and background of the line and whose width is measured at a fixed transmittance below the apex of the line. The method is illustrated by the determination of strontium in the presence of greater than 10 percent calcium. The Sr 3380.711-A line, which is unaffected by calcium and which has a linear analytical curve extending from 100-3,000 ppm, has been used to determine strontium in 18 standard reference rocks covering a wide range of geologic materials. Both the accuracy and the precision of the determinations were well within the accepted range for a semiquantitative procedure.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Thomas, C.P., 1975, An integrated-intensity method for emission spectrographic computer analysis: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 2, p. 181-185.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"185","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316549,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":316548,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue2/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"28.00 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b332d8e4b0cc79997f32d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Catharine P.","contributorId":92695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Catharine","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70164422,"text":"70164422 - 1975 - Spectrophotometric-isotope dilution determination of arsenic in soils and rock","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-03T15:39:13","indexId":"70164422","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectrophotometric-isotope dilution determination of arsenic in soils and rock","docAbstract":"

Arsenic in soil and rock samples may be determined in part-per-million concentrations using a radiochemical-isotope dilution method. Arsenic in the sample plus added As76 tracer is separated as arsine and determined spectrophotometrically as a molybdenum blue complex. The As76 activity in the absorbing solution allows corrections for chemical losses. A lower limit of 1 ppm is determinate in a 0.5-g sample.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Brown, F.W., Simon, F., and Greenland, L., 1975, Spectrophotometric-isotope dilution determination of arsenic in soils and rock: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 2, p. 187-190.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"190","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316552,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":316551,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue2/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"28.00 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b33344e4b0cc79997f3462","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, F. W.","contributorId":92653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simon, F.O.","contributorId":41808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"F.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greenland, L. P.","contributorId":56368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenland","given":"L. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70164426,"text":"70164426 - 1975 - Analysis for tellurium in rocks to 5 parts per billion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-03T16:00:33","indexId":"70164426","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis for tellurium in rocks to 5 parts per billion","docAbstract":"

In the proposed method, a 12.5-g sample is digested with nitric acid and evaporated to dryness; the excess nitric acid is removed by reaction with formic acid. Tellurium is extracted from the dried residue into hydrobromic acid and is then coprecipitated with arsenic, using hypophosphorous acid as the reducing agent. The precipitate is dissolved in a solution of hydrobromic acid and bromine, from which the tellurium is extracted into 0.6 ml of methyl isobutyl ketone. Tellurium content is estimated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Recovery of tellurium from nitric acid solutions carried through the procedure approached 100 percent through the analytical range 5-200 ppb. The relative standard deviation of five consecutive analyses of USGS standard rock GSP-1 was 5.26 percent at a mean concentration of 20.8 ppb. Under optimum conditions an average of 20 samples may be analyzed per man-day.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Watterson, J.R., and Neuerburg, G.J., 1975, Analysis for tellurium in rocks to 5 parts per billion: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 2, p. 191-195.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"195","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316558,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":316557,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue2/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"28.00 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106,\n 39.5\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 39.7\n ],\n [\n -105.8,\n 39.7\n ],\n [\n -105.8,\n 39.5\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 39.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b332d9e4b0cc79997f32e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watterson, John R.","contributorId":67866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watterson","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neuerburg, George J.","contributorId":103661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuerburg","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70164431,"text":"70164431 - 1975 - Preliminary results of a gravity survey of the Henrys Lake quadrangle, Idaho and Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-03T17:15:44","indexId":"70164431","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary results of a gravity survey of the Henrys Lake quadrangle, Idaho and Montana","docAbstract":"

A gravity survey of the Henrys Lake quadrangle shows that a gravity low with about 10 milligals of closure coincides with the Henrys Lake basin. The low is interpreted to reflect a basin fill of 1,100 m or more of Cenozoic sediments and volcanic rock. The data indicate that on the east and probably on the west the basin is bounded by northwest- and north-trending faults, and near its waist by the east-trending Centennial fault. A model constructed across the Henrys Lake basin suggests a northwest-trending fault, located near the southeast corner of Henrys Lake and concealed beneath the basin fill. The sparse gravity data east of the Centennial Mountains are not sufficient to provide any evidence on the extension of the Centennial fault across the Henrys Lake basin.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D.L., and Witkind, I.J., 1975, Preliminary results of a gravity survey of the Henrys Lake quadrangle, Idaho and Montana: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"228","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316566,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":316565,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue2/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"28.00 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Henrys Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111,\n 44.25\n ],\n [\n -111,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -111.75,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -111.75,\n 44.25\n ],\n [\n -111,\n 44.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"2","edition":"223","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b33320e4b0cc79997f3420","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, Donald L.","contributorId":28597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Witkind, Irving J.","contributorId":14469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witkind","given":"Irving","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70164418,"text":"70164418 - 1975 - Relative efficiencies of square and triangular grids in the search for elliptically shaped resource target","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-03T15:23:25","indexId":"70164418","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relative efficiencies of square and triangular grids in the search for elliptically shaped resource target","docAbstract":"

The relative efficiencies of equivalent-density, square and equilateral triangular (hexagonal) grids used in the search for elliptical targets are determined for ellipses having relative semi-major axes ranging from 0.50 to 1.00 of the square grid spacing and having shapes (minor axes/major axes) ranging from 0.2 to 1.0. Using the probability of one or more hits, the grid types are equally efficient for targets having semi-major axes less than or equal to one-half of the grid spacing. The triangular grid is as much as 6 percent more efficient for targets having relative sizes greater than 0.50. The square grid is less than 1 percent more efficient in a small region centered on a relative size of 0.80 and a shape of 0.45. Both grids are equally efficient for targets that are hit with certainty and tend toward equal efficiency as the ellipses become more needlelike in shape. A random search is more efficient than both grid types when the relative size is less than 0.50 and the probability of two or more hits is used to define relative efficiency. For two or more hits and targets having relative sizes larger than 0.50, the triangular grid is as much as 91 percent less efficient than the square grid; however, the probabilities are small. In a region centered on a relative size of 0.80, the triangular grid is slightly more efficient if the criterion is two or more hits. The probability of two or more hits is inversely related to the probability of one or more hits for many target sizes and shapes.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Singer, D.A., 1975, Relative efficiencies of square and triangular grids in the search for elliptically shaped resource target: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 2, p. 163-167.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"167","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316545,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":316544,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue2/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"28.00 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b33323e4b0cc79997f3444","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, Donald A. dsinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":5601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Donald","email":"dsinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":597189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70164427,"text":"70164427 - 1975 - Perched silica minerals on mordenite fiber","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-03T16:07:53","indexId":"70164427","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Perched silica minerals on mordenite fiber","docAbstract":"

Ellipsoidal quartz grains and spherulitic chalcedony are perched on mordenite fibers in geodes from Chihuahua, Mexico. Examination of samples of fibrous mordenite from six additional localities indicated that most mordenites have perched quartz crystals. A linear relationship exists between the Si:Al ratios and the refractive indices of the mordenites. The pH of the mineralizing solutions appears to be the primary factor controlling the presence of perched silica minerals (the lower the pH, the higher the Si:Al ratios and the lower the probability of precipitating quartz). Other factors that may affect the presence of lurched silica minerals are (1) the compactness of the mordenite fibers, (2) the morphology of the fibers, and (3) the concentration of Al, Ca, Na, and K in the mineralizing solutions.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Finkelman, R.B., 1975, Perched silica minerals on mordenite fiber: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 2, p. 197-202.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"202","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316560,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":316559,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue2/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"28.00 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b332fee4b0cc79997f33fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finkelman, Robert B.","contributorId":85951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70164430,"text":"70164430 - 1975 - Cylindrical jointing in mafic dikes, central Beartooth Mountains, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-03T17:07:18","indexId":"70164430","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cylindrical jointing in mafic dikes, central Beartooth Mountains, Montana","docAbstract":"

Cylindrical joints are well displayed in two Precambrian mafic dikes that cut granitic gneiss in the central Beartooth Mountains, Mont. The dikes are vertical and about 23 m (75 ft) and 23 to 46 m (75-150 ft) thick, respectively. The cylindrical joints are perpendicular to the dike walls, and the cylinders defined by the joints are as much as 5 m (16 ft) in diameter. No petrographic, textural, or other features related to or possibly responsible for the joints are recognized. The dikes are chemically and petrographically similar to quartz dolerite dikes found throughout the Beartooth Mountains. Some of these dikes show typical polygonal columnar joints; a few others have cylindrical jointing, but in most dikes neither kind of jointing was observed. The orientation of the cylindrical joints normal to the walls of the dikes indicates that they probably formed by thermal contraction during post-crystallization cooling of the dikes and are thus genetically related to the much more common polygonal jointing. However, the model proposed to explain the cylindrical joints suggests that their origin is partly dependent on the geometric relation between the orientation of the dikes and that of the predike fracture pattern in the host rock.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Armbrustmacher, T.J., and Simons, F.S., 1975, Cylindrical jointing in mafic dikes, central Beartooth Mountains, Montana: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 2, p. 213-221.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"221","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316564,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":316563,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue2/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"28.00 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Beartooth Mountains, Mystic Mountain, Whitetail Peak","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109,\n 45.4\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 44.75\n ],\n [\n -110,\n 44.75\n ],\n [\n -110,\n 45.4\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 45.4\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b332eae4b0cc79997f3310","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armbrustmacher, Theodore J.","contributorId":31376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armbrustmacher","given":"Theodore","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simons, Frank S.","contributorId":42203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70164415,"text":"70164415 - 1975 - Information through color imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-03T13:58:15","indexId":"70164415","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Information through color imagery","docAbstract":"

The color-sensing capability of the human eye is a powerful tool. In remote sensing we should use color to display data more meaningfully, not to re-create the scene. Color disappears with distance, and features change color with viewing angle. Color infrared film lets us apply color with additional meaning even though we introduce a false color response. Although the marginal gray scale on an ERTS (Earth Resources Technology Satellite) image may indicate balance between the green, red, and infrared bands, and although each band may be printed in a primary color, tests show that we are not fully applying the three primary colors. Therefore, contrast in the green band should be raised. For true three-color remote sensing of the Earth, we must find two generally meaningful signatures in the visible spectrum, or perhaps extend our spectral range. Before turning to costly digital processing we should explore analog processing. Most ERTS users deal with relative spectral radiance; the few concerned with absolute radiance could use the computer-compatible tapes or special annotations. NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), which assigns the range and contrast to the ERTS image, controls processing and could adjust the density range for maximum contrast in any ERTS scene. NASA cannot alter processing for local changes in reflective characteristics of the Earth but could adjust for Sun elevation and optimize the contrast in a given band.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Colvocoresses, A.P., 1975, Information through color imagery: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 2, p. 127-129.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"129","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316537,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":316536,"rank":1,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue2/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"28.00 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b332f5e4b0cc79997f3378","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colvocoresses, Alden P.","contributorId":72779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colvocoresses","given":"Alden","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":597185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70164428,"text":"70164428 - 1975 - Experimental abrasion of detrital gold","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-03T16:53:41","indexId":"70164428","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental abrasion of detrital gold","docAbstract":"

The physical breakdown and abrasion rates of gold were studied using a tumbler to simulate natural high-energy environments. The gold fragments were tumbled for periods ranging from 30 to 240 h with different combinations of sand, cobbles, and water at velocities of 0.5 and 2.0 mi/h (0.85 and 3.22 km/h). With sand and gravel, the common bedload of the rivers that deposited the gold-bearing Tertiary sedimentary rocks of the Sierra Nevada, gold is abraded at rates of 0.015 to 0.007 percent (by weight) per hour of travel (at 0.5 mi/h or 0.845 km/h). Cobbles, rather than sand, are responsible for most of the physical changes and abrasion of the gold. Ten gold fragments tumbled for 120 h with cobbles and water (no sand) were broken down to 68 recoverable fragments and lost about 25 percent of their weight to particles smaller than could be recovered using conventional panning techniques. Gold tumbled for 120 h with sand and water lost less than 1 percent of its weight. Gold was abraded faster by wet sand than by dry sand. Velocity appears to be more important as a factor in abrasion of gold than travel distance a fourfold increase in velocity produced a tenfold increase in hourly abrasion rates of gold. Scanning electron microscope examination of the gold fragments after the tumbling experiments revealed differences in surface texture between fragments tumbled with (1) sand, (2) sand and cobbles, and (3) cobbles only.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Yeend, W.E., 1975, Experimental abrasion of detrital gold: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 2, p. 203-212.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"212","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316562,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":316561,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue2/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"28.00 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b332ede4b0cc79997f334c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yeend, Warren E.","contributorId":65053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeend","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70009921,"text":"70009921 - 1975 - Ice ages and the thermal equilibrium of the earth, II","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-11T16:30:20.868883","indexId":"70009921","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ice ages and the thermal equilibrium of the earth, II","docAbstract":"

The energy required to sustain midlatitude continental glaciations comes from solar radiation absorbed by the oceans. It is made available through changes in relative amounts of energy lost from the sea surface as net outgoing infrared radiation, sensible heat loss, and latent heat loss. Ice sheets form in response to the initial occurrence of a large perennial snowfield in the subarctic. When such a snowfield forms, it undergoes a drastic reduction in absorbed solar energy because of its high albedo. When the absorbed solar energy cannot supply local infrared radiation losses, the snowfield cools, thus increasing the energy gradient between itself and external, warmer areas that can act as energy sources. Cooling of the snowfield progresses until the energy gradients between the snowfield and external heat sources are sufficient to bring in enough (latent plus sensible) energy to balance the energy budget over the snowfield. Much of the energy is imported as latent heat. The snow that falls and nourishes the ice sheet is a by-product of the process used to satisfy the energy balance requirements of the snowfield. The oceans are the primary energy source for the ice sheet because only the ocean can supply large amounts of latent heat. At first, some of the energy extracted by the ice sheet from the ocean is stored heat, so the ocean cools. As it cools, less energy is lost as net outgoing infrared radiation, and the energy thus saved is then available to augment evaporation. The ratio between sensible and latent heat lost by the ocean is the Bowen ratio; it depends in part on the sea surface temperature. As the sea surface temperature falls during a glaciation, the Bowen ratio increases, until most of the available energy leaves the oceans as sensible, rather than latent heat. The ice sheet starves, and an interglacial period begins. The oscillations between stadial and interstadial intervals within a glaciation are caused by the effects of varying amounts of glacial meltwater entering the oceans as a surface layer that acts to reduce the amount of energy available for glacial nourishment. This causes the ice sheet to melt back, which continues the supply of meltwater until the ice sheet diminishes to a size consistent with the reduced rate of nourishment. The meltwater supply then decreases, the rate of nourishment increases, and a new stadial begins.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(75)90021-6","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Adam, D., 1975, Ice ages and the thermal equilibrium of the earth, II: Quaternary Research, v. 5, no. 2, p. 161-171, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(75)90021-6.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"171","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218833,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a37e9e4b0c8380cd6128f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adam, D.P.","contributorId":14815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adam","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010132,"text":"70010132 - 1975 - Elevation changes in the central Transverse Ranges near Ventura, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-29T16:31:40.639785","indexId":"70010132","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elevation changes in the central Transverse Ranges near Ventura, California","docAbstract":"

Profiles of elevation changes developed from repeated levelings in the east-trending Transverse Ranges near Ventura, California, reveal three general types of vertical movements:

1. (1) broadly defined regional tilting;

2. (2) sharply defined differential movements across recently active faults; and

3. (3) differential subsidence centering on producing oil fields.

Down-to-the-southeast tilting is evident in profiles along the coast this sense of movement, however, is the inverse of that that may have prevailed during late Pleistocene time. Profiles along lines extending north and northwest from Ventura show prominent inflections formed by up-to-the-north differential movements that coincide roughly with the Red Mountain fault; this fault is a north-dipping reverse fault that displaces a Holocene(?) soil zone and along which scarps and sag ponds are preserved. A similar inflection coincides with the Padre Juan fault; post-Pleistocene activity on the Padre Juan, however, is uniquely indicated by the geodetic data. Contemporary integrity of the structural block extending northward from the Red Mountain fault is suggested by the apparent absence of differential movements across the Munson Creek, Tule Creek, Santa Ynez, and Arroyo Parida faults since at least 1934. Subsidence is recognized over both the Ventura and Rincon oil fields; although maximum subsidence has not been recorded in either case, 277 mm of differential subsidence was measured within the Ventura field between 1934 and 1968. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-444-41420-5.50018-6","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Buchanan-Banks, J.M., Castle, R.O., and Ziony, J., 1975, Elevation changes in the central Transverse Ranges near Ventura, California: Tectonophysics, v. 29, no. 1-4, p. 113-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-41420-5.50018-6.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"125","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219052,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Ventura","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.42138671875,\n 34.20498790244057\n ],\n [\n -119.00527954101562,\n 34.20498790244057\n ],\n [\n -119.00527954101562,\n 34.34230217446123\n ],\n [\n -119.42138671875,\n 34.34230217446123\n ],\n [\n -119.42138671875,\n 34.20498790244057\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08cbe4b0c8380cd51c95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchanan-Banks, Jane M.","contributorId":29421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchanan-Banks","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Castle, Robert O.","contributorId":22741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castle","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ziony, Joseph I.","contributorId":16829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziony","given":"Joseph I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70010267,"text":"70010267 - 1975 - The Pikes Peak batholith, Colorado front range, and a model for the origin of the gabbro-anorthosite-syenite-potassic granite suite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-25T15:59:15.010756","indexId":"70010267","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Pikes Peak batholith, Colorado front range, and a model for the origin of the gabbro-anorthosite-syenite-potassic granite suite","docAbstract":"

This study of the Pikes Peak batholith includes the mineralogy and petrology of quartz syenite at West Creek and of fayalite-bearing and fayalite-free biotite granite near Mount Rosa; major element chemistry of the batholith; comparisons with similar postorogenic, intracratonic, sodic to potassic intrusives; and genesis of the batholith.

The batholith is elongate in plan, 50 by 100 km, composite, and generally subalkalic. It was emplaced at shallow depth 1,040 m. y. ago, sharply transects its walls and may have breached its roof. Biotite granite and biotite—hornblende granite are predominant; quartz syenite, fayalite granite and riebeckite granite are present in minor amounts.

Fayalite-bearing and fayalite-free quartz syenite, fayalite-biotite granite and riebeckite granite show a well-defined sodic differentiation trend; the less sodic fayalite-free granites exhibit a broader compositional range and no sharp trends.

Crystallization was largely at PH2O < Ptotal; PH2O approached Ptotal only at late stages. Aplite residual to fayalite-free biotite granite in the north formed at about 1,500 bars, or 5 km depth. Feldspar assemblages indicate late stages of crystallization at about 720°C. In the south ilmenite and manganian fayalite indicate fO2 of 10−17 or 10−18 bars. Biotite and fayalite compositions and the ‘granite minimum’ imply completion of crystallization at about 700°C and 1,500 bars. Nearby fayalite-free biotite granite crystallized at higher water fugacity.

All types of syenite and granite contain 5–6% K2O through a range of SiO2 of 63–76%. Average Na2O percentages in quartz syenite are 6.2, fayalite granite 4.2, and fayalite-free granite 3.3 MgO contents are low, 0.03–0.4%; FeO averages 1.9–2.5%. FeO/Fe2O3 ratios are high. Fluorine ranges from 0.3 to 0.6%.

The Pikes Peak intrusives are similar in mode of emplacement, composition, and probably genesis to rapakivi intrusives of Finland, the Younger Granites of Nigeria, Cape Ann Granite and Beverly Syenite, Mass., and syenite of Kungnat, Greenland, among others — allowing for different levels of erosion. A suite that includes gabbro or basalt, anorthosite, quartz syenite, fayalite granite, riebeckite granite, and biotite and/or hornblende granites is of worldwide occurrence.

A model is proposed in which mantle-derived, convecting alkali olivine basaltic magma first reacts with K2O-poor lower crust of granulite facies to produce magma of quartz syenitic composition. The syenitic liquid in turn reacts with granodioritic to granitic intermediate crust of amphibolite facies to produce the predominant fayalite-free biotite and biotite-hornblende granites of the batholith. This reaction of magma and roof involves both partial melting and the reconstitution and precipitation of refractory phases, as Bowen proposed. Intermediate liquids include MgO-depleted and Na2O-enriched gabbro, which precipitated anorthosite, and alkali diorite. The heat source is the basaltic magma; the heat required for partial melting of the roof is supplied largely by heats of crystallization of phases that settle out of the liquid — mostly olivine, clinopyroxene and plagioclase.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0301-9268(75)90001-7","issn":"03019268","usgsCitation":"Barker, F., Wones, D.R., Sharp, W.N., and Desborough, G.A., 1975, The Pikes Peak batholith, Colorado front range, and a model for the origin of the gabbro-anorthosite-syenite-potassic granite suite: Precambrian Research, v. 2, no. 2, p. 99-160, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(75)90001-7.","productDescription":"61 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"160","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218785,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.77587890625,\n 37.4530574713902\n ],\n [\n -105.040283203125,\n 37.4530574713902\n ],\n [\n -105.040283203125,\n 39.83385008019448\n ],\n [\n -107.77587890625,\n 39.83385008019448\n ],\n [\n -107.77587890625,\n 37.4530574713902\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba885e4b08c986b321cad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barker, F.","contributorId":101368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wones, D. R.","contributorId":104079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wones","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sharp, W. N.","contributorId":21958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Desborough, G. A.","contributorId":34527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desborough","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}