{"pageNumber":"545","pageRowStart":"13600","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70221664,"text":"70221664 - 2021 - Self-limitation of sand storage in a bedrock-canyon river arising from the interaction of flow and grain size","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-28T13:19:02.912455","indexId":"70221664","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-16T08:13:43","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6503,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Self-limitation of sand storage in a bedrock-canyon river arising from the interaction of flow and grain size","docAbstract":"Bedrock-canyon rivers tend to be supply limited because they are efficient transporters of sediment and not because the upstream supply of sediment is small. A byproduct of this supply limitation is that the finer alluvium stored in these rivers has shorter residence times and smaller volumes than in alluvial rivers. To improve our understanding of disequilibrium sediment transport and its effect on sand storage in bedrock-canyon rivers, we undertook a 20-year study, synthesized herein, of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon. Despite the large loads for which it was renowned, this river exhibited evidence of natural sand-supply limitation and became the perfect natural laboratory for studying sand transport in a bedrock canyon after upstream dam construction exacerbated this supply limitation. During our study, we made and analyzed an unprecedented ∼2.5 million measurements of the suspended and bed sediment. Results indicate that sand storage in this bedrock-canyon river is self-limiting owing to the physical controls of flow and grain size causing negative feedbacks that likely also operate in other bedrock-canyon rivers. Following episodic tributary floods that supply finer sand, sand migrates quickly downstream in the form of a wave in which large systematic changes in bed-sand grain size occur. These grain-size changes cause discharge-independent systematic changes in suspended-sand concentration in excess of a factor of 20. Although the tributary supply of sand increases the amount of sand storage, it also greatly increases the downstream sand transport by causing bed-sand fining, thus limiting the residence time and volume of sand storage.
Large, severe fires are becoming more frequent in many forest types across the western United States and have resulted in tree mortality across tens of thousands of hectares. Conifer regeneration in these areas is limited because seeds must travel long distances to reach the interior of large burned patches and establishment is jeopardized by increasingly hot and dry conditions. To better inform postfire management in low elevation forests of California, USA, we collected 5‐year postfire recovery data from 1,234 study plots in 19 wildfires that burned from 2004–2012 and 18 years of seed production data from 216 seed fall traps (1999–2017). We used this data in conjunction with spatially extensive estimates of climate, topography, forest composition, and burn severity to construct taxon‐specific, spatially explicit models of conifer regeneration that incorporate estimated climate conditions and seed availability during postfire recovery windows. We found that after accounting for other predictors both postfire and historical precipitation were strong predictors of regeneration, suggesting that both direct effects of postfire moisture conditions and biological inertia from historical climate may play a role in regeneration. Alternatively, postfire regeneration may simply be driven by postfire climate and apparent relationships with historical climate could be spurious. The estimated sensitivity of regeneration to postfire seed availability was strongest in firs and all conifers combined and weaker in pines. Seed production exhibited high temporal variability with seed production varying by over two orders of magnitude among years. Our models indicate that during droughts postfire conifer regeneration declines most substantially in low‐to‐moderate elevation forests. These findings enhance our mechanistic understanding of forecasted and historically documented shifts in the distribution of trees.
Previously, Tsurutani and Lakhina (2014, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058825) created estimates for a “perfect” interplanetary coronal mass ejection and performed simple calculations for the response of geospace, including ![\"urn:x-wiley:15427390:media:swe21087:swe21087-math-0001\"](\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/cceead79-05a6-41a0-8d74-9a353569615a/swe21087-math-0001.png\")
. In this study, these estimates are used to drive a coupled magnetohydrodynamic-ring current-ionosphere model of geospace to obtain more physically accurate estimates of the geospace response to such an event. The sudden impulse phase is examined and compared to the estimations of Tsurutani and Lakhina (2014, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058825). The physics-based simulation yields similar estimates for Dst rise, magnetopause compression, and equatorial ![\"urn:x-wiley:15427390:media:swe21087:swe21087-math-0002\"](\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/6e38f687-0768-47cf-89b1-6988d627d1c8/swe21087-math-0002.png\")
values as the previous study. However, results diverge away from the equator. ![\"urn:x-wiley:15427390:media:swe21087:swe21087-math-0003\"](\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/ae14b580-4f4a-43b5-938c-165d5b628d8a/swe21087-math-0003.png\")
values in excess of 30 nT/s are found as low as ![\"urn:x-wiley:15427390:media:swe21087:swe21087-math-0004\"](\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/ecab05a2-3abf-4732-8400-e9d4484744dc/swe21087-math-0004.png\")
magnetic latitude. Under southward interplanetary magnetic field conditions, magnetopause erosion combines with strong region one Birkeland currents to intensify the ![\"urn:x-wiley:15427390:media:swe21087:swe21087-math-0005\"](\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/8ca9f9f1-4662-4ba3-a686-cd68ef92fb74/swe21087-math-0005.png\")
response. Values obtained here surpass those found in historically recorded events and set the upper threshold of extreme geomagnetically induced current activity at Earth.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2020SW002489","usgsCitation":"Welling, D.T., Love, J.J., Rigler, E.J., Oliveira, D.M., Komar, C.M., and Morley, S., 2021, Numerical simulations of the geospace response to the arrival of an idealized perfect interplanetary coronal mass ejection: Space Weather, v. 19, no. 2, e2020SW002489, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2020SW002489.","productDescription":"e2020SW002489, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-120102","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2020sw002489","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387708,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welling, Daniel T. 0000-0002-0590-1022","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0590-1022","contributorId":261765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Welling","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":53003,"text":"University of Texas at Arlington Department of Physics, Arlington, Texas, United States","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rigler, E. Joshua 0000-0003-4850-3953 erigler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4850-3953","contributorId":4367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rigler","given":"E.","email":"erigler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Joshua","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oliveira, Denny M.","contributorId":261766,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oliveira","given":"Denny","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":53004,"text":"Goddard Planetary Heliophysics Institute, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Komar, Colin M. 0000-0001-5850-7507","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5850-7507","contributorId":261767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Komar","given":"Colin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":53007,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; The Catholic University of America, Washington DC, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Morley, Steven 0000-0001-8520-0199","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8520-0199","contributorId":220242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morley","given":"Steven","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":820631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70220479,"text":"70220479 - 2021 - Behavioral responses across a mosaic of ecosystem states restructure a sea otter–urchin trophic cascade","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-17T11:49:23.732534","indexId":"70220479","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-16T07:15:05","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2982,"text":"PNAS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Behavioral responses across a mosaic of ecosystem states restructure a sea otter–urchin trophic cascade","docAbstract":"Consumer and predator foraging behavior can impart profound trait-mediated constraints on community regulation that scale up to influence the structure and stability of ecosystems. Here, we demonstrate how the behavioral response of an apex predator to changes in prey behavior and condition can dramatically alter the role and relative contribution of top-down forcing, depending on the spatial organization of ecosystem states. In 2014, a rapid and dramatic decline in the abundance of a mesopredator (Pycnopodia helianthoides) and primary producer (Macrocystis pyrifera) coincided with a fundamental change in purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) foraging behavior and condition, resulting in a spatial mosaic of kelp forests interspersed with patches of sea urchin barrens. We show that this mosaic of adjacent alternative ecosystem states led to an increase in the number of sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) specializing on urchin prey, a population-level increase in urchin consumption, and an increase in sea otter survivorship. We further show that the spatial distribution of sea otter foraging efforts for urchin prey was not directly linked to high prey density but rather was predicted by the distribution of energetically profitable prey. Therefore, we infer that spatially explicit sea otter foraging enhances the resistance of remnant forests to overgrazing but does not directly contribute to the resilience (recovery) of forests. These results highlight the role of consumer and predator trait-mediated responses to resource mosaics that are common throughout natural ecosystems and enhance understanding of reciprocal feedbacks between top-down and bottom-up forcing on the regional stability of ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2012493118","usgsCitation":"Smith, J.G., Tomoleoni, J.A., Staedler, M.M., Lyon, S., Fujii, J., and Tinker, M., 2021, Behavioral responses across a mosaic of ecosystem states restructure a sea otter–urchin trophic cascade: PNAS, v. 118, no. 11, e2012493118, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2012493118.","productDescription":"e2012493118, 7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-124596","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454076,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385632,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Joshua G 0000-0003-4633-4519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4633-4519","contributorId":258063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"G","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tomoleoni, Joseph A. 0000-0001-6980-251X jtomoleoni@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6980-251X","contributorId":167551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomoleoni","given":"Joseph","email":"jtomoleoni@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Staedler, Michelle M. 0000-0002-1101-6580","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1101-6580","contributorId":213742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Staedler","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6953,"text":"Monterey Bay Aquarium","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lyon, Sophia 0000-0001-6760-486X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6760-486X","contributorId":258064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lyon","given":"Sophia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52224,"text":"former USGS-WERC employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fujii, Jessica 0000-0003-4794-479X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4794-479X","contributorId":139956,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fujii","given":"Jessica","affiliations":[{"id":6953,"text":"Monterey Bay Aquarium","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tinker, M. Tim 0000-0002-3314-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":221787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tinker","given":"M. Tim","affiliations":[{"id":40428,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz; former USGS PI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70228930,"text":"70228930 - 2021 - A replication of proximity to chronic wasting disease, perceived risk, and social trust in managing agency between hunters in Minnesota and Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-24T17:29:17.94088","indexId":"70228930","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-15T11:23:41","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1909,"text":"Human Dimensions of Wildlife","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A replication of proximity to chronic wasting disease, perceived risk, and social trust in managing agency between hunters in Minnesota and Illinois","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10871209.2020.1860270","usgsCitation":"Smith, K., Schroeder, S., Landon, A., Cornicelli, L., McInenly, L., and Fulton, D.C., 2021, A replication of proximity to chronic wasting disease, perceived risk, and social trust in managing agency between hunters in Minnesota and Illinois: Human Dimensions of Wildlife, v. 26, no. 5, p. 503-506, https://doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2020.1860270.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"503","endPage":"506","ipdsId":"IP-123285","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396434,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, 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Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70219518,"text":"70219518 - 2021 - Comment on: Grazing disturbance promotes exotic annual grasses by degrading soil biocrust communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-06T14:40:24.685645","indexId":"70219518","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-15T08:56:15","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment on: Grazing disturbance promotes exotic annual grasses by degrading soil biocrust communities","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/eap.2277","usgsCitation":"O’Connor, R., and Germino, M., 2021, Comment on: Grazing disturbance promotes exotic annual grasses by degrading soil biocrust communities: Ecological Applications, v. 31, no. 7, e02277, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2277.","productDescription":"e02277, 5 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118486","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385011,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-02-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Connor, Rory 0000-0002-6473-0032","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6473-0032","contributorId":222832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"Rory","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Germino, Matthew J. 0000-0001-6326-7579","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6326-7579","contributorId":251901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70222950,"text":"70222950 - 2021 - Revisiting California’s past great earthquakes and long-term earthquake rate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-10T13:55:41.089339","indexId":"70222950","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-15T08:47:43","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Revisiting California’s past great earthquakes and long-term earthquake rate","docAbstract":"In this study, we revisit the three largest historical earthquakes in California—the 1857 Fort Tejon, 1872 Owens Valley, and 1906 San Francisco earthquakes—to review their published moment magnitudes, and compare their estimated shaking distributions with predictions using modern ground‐motion models (GMMs) and ground‐motion intensity conversion equations. Currently accepted moment magnitude estimates for the three earthquakes are 7.9, 7.6, and 7.8, respectively. We first consider the extent to which the intensity distributions of all three earthquakes are consistent with a moment magnitude toward the upper end of the estimated range. We then apply a GMM‐based method to estimate the magnitudes of large historical earthquakes. The intensity distribution of the 1857 earthquake is too sparse to provide a strong constraint on magnitude. For the 1872 earthquake, consideration of all available constraints suggests that it was a high stress‐drop event, with a magnitude on the higher end of the range implied by scaling relationships, that is, higher than moment magnitude 7.6. For the 1906 earthquake, based on our analysis of regional intensities and the detailed intensity distribution in San Francisco, along with other available constraints, we estimate a preferred moment magnitude of 7.9, consistent with the published estimate based on geodetic and instrumental seismic data. These results suggest that, although there can be a tendency for historical earthquake magnitudes to be overestimated, the accepted catalog magnitudes of California’s largest historical earthquakes could be too low. Given the uncertainties of the magnitude estimates, the seismic moment release rate between 1850 and 2019 could have been either higher or lower than the average over millennial time scales. It is further not possible to reject the hypothesis that California seismicity is described by an untruncated Gutenberg–Richter distribution with a b\">b‐value of 1.0 for moment magnitudes up to 8.0.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120200253","usgsCitation":"Hough, S.E., Page, M.T., Salditch, L., Gallahue, M.M., Lucas, M.C., Neely, J.S., and Stein, S., 2021, Revisiting California’s past great earthquakes and long-term earthquake rate: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 111, no. 1, p. 356-370, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120200253.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"356","endPage":"370","ipdsId":"IP-119089","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387807,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"111","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, Susan E. 0000-0002-5980-2986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":263442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Page, Morgan T. 0000-0001-9321-2990 mpage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9321-2990","contributorId":3762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"Morgan","email":"mpage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science 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University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Neely, James S.","contributorId":263454,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neely","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":25254,"text":"Northwestern University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stein, Seth","contributorId":263457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stein","given":"Seth","affiliations":[{"id":25254,"text":"Northwestern University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70216935,"text":"70216935 - 2021 - Modeling areal measures of campsite impacts on the Appalachian National Scenic Trail to enhance ecological sustainability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-17T14:27:20.177567","indexId":"70216935","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-15T08:24:58","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling areal measures of campsite impacts on the Appalachian National Scenic Trail to enhance ecological sustainability","docAbstract":"Campsite impacts in protected natural areas are most effectively minimized by a containment strategy that focuses use on a limited number of sustainable campsites that spatially concentrate camping activities. This research employs spatial autoregressive (SAR) modeling to evaluate the relative influence of use-related, environmental, and managerial factors on two salient measures of campsite impact. Relational analyses examined numerous field-collected and GIS-derived indicators, including several new indicators calculated using high-resolution Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) topographic data to evaluate the influence of terrain characteristics on the dependent variables.
Chosen variables in the best SAR models explained 35% and 30% of the variation in campsite size and area of vegetation loss on campsites. Results identified three key indicators that managers can manipulate to enhance the sustainability of campsites: campsite type, and terrain characteristics relating to landform slope and topographic roughness. Results support indirect management methods that rely on the location, design, construction, and maintenance of campsites, instead of direct regulations that restrict visitation or visitor freedoms. As visitation pressures continue to increase, this knowledge can be applied to select and promote the use of more ecologically sustainable campsites.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/0005772X.2020.1853394","usgsCitation":"Vyas, N.B., Plunkett, A.D., and Baker, D., 2021, Observations on long-term memory in honey bees: Bee World, v. 98, no. 1, p. 32-36, https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2020.1853394.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"32","endPage":"36","ipdsId":"IP-117858","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382658,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vyas, Nimish B. 0000-0003-0191-1319 nvyas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-1319","contributorId":4494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vyas","given":"Nimish","email":"nvyas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plunkett, Amanda D.","contributorId":213267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plunkett","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":38730,"text":"Bee Rooted","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, Diana","contributorId":248455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"Diana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37174,"text":"Volunteer","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70217658,"text":"70217658 - 2021 - Limited mantle hydration by bending faults at the Middle America Trench","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-27T13:45:54.761976","indexId":"70217658","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-15T07:42:19","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Limited mantle hydration by bending faults at the Middle America Trench","docAbstract":"Seismic anisotropy measurements show that upper mantle hydration at the Middle America Trench (MAT) is limited to serpentinization and/or water in fault zones, rather than distributed uniformly. Subduction of hydrated oceanic lithosphere recycles water back into the deep mantle, drives arc volcanism, and affects seismicity at subduction zones. Constraining the extent of upper mantle hydration is an important part of understanding many fundamental processes on Earth. Substantially reduced seismic velocities in tomography suggest that outer rise plate‐bending faults provide a pathway for seawater to rehydrate the slab mantle just prior to subduction. Estimates of outer‐rise hydration based on tomograms vary significantly, with some large enough to imply that, globally, subduction has consumed more than two oceans worth of water during the Phanerozoic. We found that, while the mean upper mantle wavespeed is reduced at the MAT outer rise, the amplitude and orientation of inherited anisotropy are preserved at depths >1 km below the Moho. At shallower depths, relict anisotropy is replaced by slowing in the fault‐normal direction. These observations are incompatible with pervasive hydration but consistent with models of wave propagation through serpentinized fault zones that thin to <100‐m in width at depths >1 km below Moho. Confining hydration to fault zones reduces water storage estimates for the MAT upper mantle from ∼3.5 wt% to <0.9 wt% H20. Since the intermediate thermal structure in the ∼24 Myr‐old MAT slab favors serpentinization, limited hydration suggests that fault mechanics are the limiting factor, not temperatures. Subducting mantle may be similarly dry globally.
Dryland ecosystems play an important role in the global carbon cycle, including regulating the inter-annual global carbon sink. Dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) are essential tools that can help us better understand carbon cycling in different ecosystems. Currently, there is limited knowledge of the performance of these models in drylands partly due to characterizing the heterogeneity of the vegetation and hydrometeorological conditions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of a DGVM for drylands to facilitate improved understanding of gross primary production (GPP) as one of the important components of the carbon cycle. We performed a sensitivity analysis and calibrated the Ecosystem Demography (EDv2.2) DGVM to simulate GPP in a dryland watershed (Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed, Idaho) in the western US for the years 2000-2017. GPP capacity and activity were investigated by comparing model simulations with GPP estimated from eddy covariance data (available from 2015-2017) and remote sensing products (2000-2017). Our results show good performance of EDv2.2 at daily timesteps (RMSE≈0.38[kgC/m2/year])\">RMSE≈0.38[kgC/m2/year])
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108270","usgsCitation":"Dashti, H., Pandit, K., Glenn, N.F., Shinneman, D.J., Flerchinger, G.N., Hudak, A., de Graaf, M.A., Flores, A.N., Ustin, S.L., Ilangakoon, N., and Fellows, A.W., 2021, Performance of the ecosystem demography model (EDv2.2) in simulating gross primary production capacity and activity in a dryland study area: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 297, 108270, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108270.","productDescription":"108270, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-113788","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108270","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385048,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.98242187499999,\n 42.48830197960227\n ],\n [\n -115.224609375,\n 42.48830197960227\n ],\n [\n -115.224609375,\n 43.77109381775651\n ],\n [\n -116.98242187499999,\n 43.77109381775651\n ],\n [\n -116.98242187499999,\n 42.48830197960227\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"297","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dashti, Hamid","contributorId":257078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dashti","given":"Hamid","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16201,"text":"Boise State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pandit, Karun","contributorId":221464,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pandit","given":"Karun","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16201,"text":"Boise State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glenn, Nancy F.","contributorId":195241,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shinneman, Douglas J. 0000-0002-4909-5181 dshinneman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4909-5181","contributorId":147745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinneman","given":"Douglas","email":"dshinneman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flerchinger, Gerald N.","contributorId":257377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flerchinger","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":37009,"text":"USDA Agricultural Research Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hudak, Andrew A.","contributorId":257079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hudak","given":"Andrew A.","affiliations":[{"id":36493,"text":"USDA Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"de Graaf, Marie Anne","contributorId":257378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Graaf","given":"Marie","email":"","middleInitial":"Anne","affiliations":[{"id":16201,"text":"Boise State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Flores, Alejandro N","contributorId":256965,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flores","given":"Alejandro","email":"","middleInitial":"N","affiliations":[{"id":16201,"text":"Boise State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ustin, Susan L.","contributorId":52878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ustin","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ilangakoon, Nayani","contributorId":257382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ilangakoon","given":"Nayani","affiliations":[{"id":16201,"text":"Boise State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Fellows, Aaron W.","contributorId":257383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fellows","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37009,"text":"USDA Agricultural Research Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70216999,"text":"70216999 - 2021 - Heed the data gap: Guidelines for using incomplete datasets in annual stream temperature analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-23T13:25:04.153699","indexId":"70216999","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-15T07:23:12","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heed the data gap: Guidelines for using incomplete datasets in annual stream temperature analyses","docAbstract":"Stream temperature data are useful for deciphering watershed processes important for aquatic ecosystems. Accurately extracting signal trends from stream temperature is essential for predicting responses of environmental and ecological indicators to change. Missing data periods are common for various reasons, and pose a challenge for scientists using temperature signal analysis to support stream research and ecological management objectives. However, the sensitivity of estimated temperature signal patterns to missing data has not been thoroughly evaluated, despite the potentially large impact on interpretation. In this study, we explored the effects of simulated missing daily data on the characterization of annual water temperature signals measured at headwater sites in the Pacific Northwest and Mid-Atlantic regions of the USA. For each site, we used linear regressions of sine-waves fitted to complete (365-d) and partial (7–357 consecutive missing data points) annual datasets of daily mean water temperature and computed three thermal parameters (mean, phase, and amplitude), which together can indicate thermally and ecologically influential watershed processes (e.g., depth and magnitude of groundwater discharge). Expected values (derived from complete datasets) ranged from 7.0 to 12.6 °C, 205 to 254 d, and 1.9 to 9.5 °C for annual mean, phase, and amplitude, respectively. While annual phase and amplitude could be accurately estimated (i.e., within 95–99% confidence intervals of expected values) with up to approximately two months of consecutively missing data, annual mean temperature required more complete datasets. We found that datasets with less than seven weeks of consecutively missing data enabled estimation of all annual signal parameters with reasonable accuracy (>75% probability of being within the 95–99% confidence intervals of expected values). Imputation of missing data expanded this range to approximately 20 weeks, with the greatest improvements in parameter estimation between 9 and 27 weeks of imputed missing data. However, caution should be exercised when applying this technique. For example, imputation improved the accuracy of parameter estimation for most sites, but accuracy decreased for some sites exhibiting strong groundwater influence. The timing of consecutive missing data points within a year had inconsistent effects on annual thermal parameter estimates among regions, years, and individual parameters. Utilizing sites with more than approximately seven consecutive weeks of missing data or 20 weeks of imputed data increases the probability of mischaracterization of annual stream thermal regimes. Understanding this limitation is vital for identifying the potential of streams to serve as climate refugia for ecological indicator species and effective future management of stream systems.
Paleoclimate records from ice cores generally are considered to be the most direct indicators of environmental change, but are rare from mid-latitude, continental regions such as the western United States. High-elevation ice patches are known to be important archaeological archives in alpine regions and potentially could provide records important for Earth System Model evaluation and to understand linkages between climate and early human activities, but this potential largely is unexplored. Here we use a well-dated ice-core record from a shallow ice patch to investigate Rocky Mountain winter-season climate during the Holocene. Our records indicate that this ice patch consistently accumulated ice over the past 10 kyr, preserving a regionally representative climate record of stable water isotopes and ice accretion rates that documented generally cooler and wetter conditions during the early Holocene and 500 years of anomalous winter season warmth centered at 4100 cal yr BP followed by a rapid cooling and 1500 years of cooler and wetter winters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2020.100021","usgsCitation":"Chellman, N.J., Pederson, G.T., Lee, C., McWethy, D., Pusman, K., Stone, J.R., Brown, S., and McConnell, J.R., 2021, High elevation ice patch documents Holocene climate variability in the northern Rocky Mountains: Quaternary Science Advances, v. 3, 100021, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qsa.2020.100021.","productDescription":"100021, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-102980","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qsa.2020.100021","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":383250,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Colorado, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Upper Kintla Lake, Beartooth ice patch, Emerald Lake, Beauty Lake, Island Lake, Bighorn Basin, Minnetonka Cave, Bison Lake","volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chellman, Nathan J.","contributorId":140597,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chellman","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pederson, Gregory T. 0000-0002-6014-1425 gpederson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6014-1425","contributorId":3106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pederson","given":"Gregory","email":"gpederson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Craig","contributorId":250716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Craig","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":50230,"text":"University of Colorado, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), Boulder, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McWethy, Dave","contributorId":250717,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McWethy","given":"Dave","affiliations":[{"id":50231,"text":"Montana State University, Department of Earth Sciences, Bozeman, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pusman, Kathryn","contributorId":250718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pusman","given":"Kathryn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":50232,"text":"Paleoscapes Archaeobotanical Services Team, Baily, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stone, Jeffery R.","contributorId":222205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stone","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brown, Sabrina R.","contributorId":222194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Sabrina R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McConnell, Joseph R.","contributorId":191064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McConnell","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70236083,"text":"70236083 - 2021 - Site response, basin amplification, and earthquake stress drops in the Portland, Oregon area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-29T11:46:44.687627","indexId":"70236083","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-15T06:43:14","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Site response, basin amplification, and earthquake stress drops in the Portland, Oregon area","docAbstract":"Site response, sedimentary basin amplification, and earthquake stress drops for the Portland, Oregon area were determined using accelerometer recordings at 16 sites of 10 local earthquakes with MD\">MDMD 2.6–4.0. A nonlinear inversion was applied to calculate site response (0.5–10 Hz), corner frequencies, and seismic moments from the Fourier spectra of the earthquakes. Site amplifications at lower frequencies of 0.1–2.0 Hz were determined from Fourier spectra of four regional earthquakes with Mw\">MwMw 5.8–6.4. Amplifications were calculated relative to a stiff‐soil site outside the Portland and Tualatin basins. Sites on artificial fill and Holocene alluvium show strong amplification peaks (factor of 5) around 1–2 Hz. Sites on the Portland Hills, consisting of thin soil over basalt, display spectral peaks at 4–5 Hz (factor of 4). Spectral peaks at both sites are similar to those predicted for vertically propagating S waves from VS\">VSVS profiles determined at these sites using a borehole and refraction microtremor analysis. The largest amplifications at 0.1–1 Hz were found at stiff‐soil sites in the Tualatin basin, based on recordings of regional earthquakes. Amplifications of a factor of 10, at about 0.3 Hz, were observed for a site in the deeper portion of the Tualatin basin and a factor of 7 at 0.5–0.6 Hz for two adjacent sites closer to the border of that basin. Stiff‐soil sites in the Portland basin exhibit amplifications of 2–3 at frequencies of about 0.3–0.8 Hz. The frequencies of the amplification peaks for the deep Tualatin basin site can be explained by S‐wave resonance in the shallow sediments, but the observed amplification is underestimated. Earthquake stress drops determined from the inversion range from 3 to 11 MPa, with no overall dependence on seismic moment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120200269","usgsCitation":"Frankel, A.D., and Grant, A.R., 2021, Site response, basin amplification, and earthquake stress drops in the Portland, Oregon area: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 111, no. 2, p. 671-685, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120200269.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"671","endPage":"685","ipdsId":"IP-120513","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":405781,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"Portland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.28857421875,\n 44.731125592643274\n ],\n [\n -121.97021484374999,\n 44.731125592643274\n ],\n [\n -121.97021484374999,\n 45.89000815866184\n ],\n [\n -123.28857421875,\n 45.89000815866184\n ],\n [\n -123.28857421875,\n 44.731125592643274\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"111","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frankel, Arthur D. 0000-0001-9119-6106 afrankel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":146285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","email":"afrankel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":849954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grant, Alex R. 0000-0002-5096-4305","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5096-4305","contributorId":219066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"Alex","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":849955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70217184,"text":"70217184 - 2021 - Novel diagnostic tests for the putative agent of bacterial gill disease in Pacific razor clams (Siliqua patula)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-11T15:06:49.720822","indexId":"70217184","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-14T08:55:28","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2361,"text":"Journal of Invertebrate Pathology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Novel diagnostic tests for the putative agent of bacterial gill disease in Pacific razor clams (Siliqua patula)","title":"Novel diagnostic tests for the putative agent of bacterial gill disease in Pacific razor clams (Siliqua patula)","docAbstract":"Nuclear inclusion X (NIX) is a gamma proteobacteria that infects the nuclei of gill epithelial cells in Pacific razor clams. NIX has been associated with clam die-offs in coastal Washington. A quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay was developed to detect NIX in Pacific razor clams, and assay specificity was confirmed by chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH). Both tests were applied to evaluate NIX infections in wild Pacific razor clams collected during spring 2019. Consistent with results from earlier histopathological assessments, qPCR and CISH indicated 100% prevalence in razor clams from two Washington beaches and 0% prevalence from two Alaskan beaches.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jip.2020.107519","usgsCitation":"Travis, B.A., Batts, W.N., Groner, M., Hershberger, P., Fradkin, S.C., Conway, C.M., Park, L., and Purcell, M.K., 2021, Novel diagnostic tests for the putative agent of bacterial gill disease in Pacific razor clams (Siliqua patula): Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, v. 178, 107519, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2020.107519.","productDescription":"107519, 4 p.","ipdsId":"IP-116489","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454093,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2020.107519","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P99QQV5B","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Nuclear inclusion X testing of Pacific Razor clams from select locations in Washington and 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]\n}","volume":"178","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Travis, Brooke A","contributorId":247533,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Travis","given":"Brooke","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":25346,"text":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Batts, William N. 0000-0002-6469-9004 bbatts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6469-9004","contributorId":3815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batts","given":"William","email":"bbatts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Groner, Maya 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,{"id":70223853,"text":"70223853 - 2021 - Spatial patterns and drivers of nonperennial flow regimes in the contiguous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-10T13:45:18.247157","indexId":"70223853","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-14T08:35:22","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial patterns and drivers of nonperennial flow regimes in the contiguous United States","docAbstract":"Over half of global rivers and streams lack perennial flow, and understanding the distribution and drivers of their flow regimes is critical for understanding their hydrologic, biogeochemical, and ecological functions. We analyzed nonperennial flow regimes using 540 U.S. Geological Survey watersheds across the contiguous United States from 1979 to 2018. Multivariate analyses revealed regional differences in no-flow fraction, date of first no flow, and duration of the dry-down period, with further divergence between natural and human-altered watersheds. Aridity was a primary driver of no-flow metrics at the continental scale, while unique combinations of climatic, physiographic and anthropogenic drivers emerged at regional scales. Dry-down duration showed stronger associations with nonclimate drivers compared to no-flow fraction and timing. Although the sparse distribution of nonperennial gages limits our understanding of such streams, the watersheds examined here suggest the important role of aridity and land cover change in modulating future stream drying.
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,{"id":70220475,"text":"70220475 - 2021 - The 2018 update of the US National Seismic Hazard Model: Additional period and site class data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-17T11:51:30.672837","indexId":"70220475","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-14T07:33:21","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 2018 update of the US National Seismic Hazard Model: Additional period and site class data","docAbstract":"As part of the update of the 2018 National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM) for the conterminous United States (CONUS), new ground motion and site effect models for the central and eastern United States were incorporated, as well as basin depths from local seismic velocity models in four western US (WUS) urban areas. These additions allow us, for the first time, to calculate probabilistic seismic hazard curves for an expanded set of spectral periods (0.01 to 10 s) and site classes (VS30 = 150 to 1500 m/s) for the CONUS, as well as account for amplification of long-period ground motions in deep sedimentary basins in the Los Angeles, San Francisco Bay, Seattle, and Salt Lake City areas. Two sets of 2018 NSHM hazard data (hazard curves and uniform-hazard ground motions) are available: (1) 0.05°-latitude-by-0.05°-longitude gridded data for the CONUS and (2) higher resolution 0.01°-latitude-by-0.01°-longitude gridded data for the four WUS basins. Both sets of data contain basin effects in the WUS deep sedimentary basins. Uniform-hazard ground motion data are interpolated for 2, 5, and 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years from the hazard curves. The gridded data for the hazard curves and uniform-hazard ground motions, for all periods and site classes, are available for download at the U.S. Geological Survey ScienceBase Catalog (https://doi.org/10.5066/P9RQMREV). The design ground motions derived from the hazard curves have been accepted by the Building Seismic Safety Council for adoption in the 2020 National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program Recommended Seismic Provisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Sage Journals","doi":"10.1177/8755293020970979","usgsCitation":"Shumway, A., Petersen, M.D., Powers, P.M., Rezaeian, S., Rukstales, K.S., and Clayton, B., 2021, The 2018 update of the US National Seismic Hazard Model: Additional period and site class data: Earthquake Spectra, v. 37, no. 2, p. 1145-1161, https://doi.org/10.1177/8755293020970979.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1145","endPage":"1161","ipdsId":"IP-121790","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385635,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Utah, Washington","city":"San Francisco, Los Angeles, Seattle, Salt Lake City","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": 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,{"id":70216905,"text":"70216905 - 2021 - Pesticides and pesticide degradates in groundwater used for public supply across the United States: Occurrence and human-health context","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-19T15:46:38.935356","indexId":"70216905","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-14T07:10:10","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticides and pesticide degradates in groundwater used for public supply across the United States: Occurrence and human-health context","docAbstract":"This is the first assessment of groundwater from public-supply wells across the United States to analyze for >100 pesticide degradates and to provide human-health context for degradates without benchmarks. Samples from 1204 wells in aquifers representing 70% of the volume pumped for drinking supply were analyzed for 109 pesticides (active ingredients) and 116 degradates. Among the 41% of wells where pesticide compounds were detected, nearly two-thirds contained compound mixtures and three-quarters contained degradates. Atrazine, hexazinone, prometon, tebuthiuron, four atrazine degradates, and one metolachlor degradate were each detected in >5% of wells. Detection frequencies were largest for aquifers with more shallow, unconfined wells producing modern-age groundwater. To screen for potential human-health concerns, benchmark quotients (BQs) were calculated by dividing concentrations by the human-health benchmark, when available. For degradates without benchmarks, estimated values (estimated benchmark quotients (BQE)) were first calculated by assuming equimolar toxicity to the most toxic parent; final analysis excluded degradates with likely overestimated toxicity. Six pesticide compounds and 1.6% of wells had concentrations approaching levels of potential concern (individual or summed BQ or BQE values >0.1), and none exceeded these levels (values >1). Therefore, although pesticide compounds occurred frequently, concentrations were low, even accounting for mixtures and degradates without benchmarks.
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,{"id":70217007,"text":"70217007 - 2021 - Determination of four arsenic species in environmental water samples by liquid chromatography- inductively coupled plasma - tandem mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-29T12:41:06.267628","indexId":"70217007","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-14T06:48:04","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7479,"text":"MethodsX","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of four arsenic species in environmental water samples by liquid chromatography- inductively coupled plasma - tandem mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"Robust and sensitive methods for monitoring inorganic and organic As species As(III), As(V), dimethylarsinate (DMA), and monomethylarsonate (MMA) in environmental water are necessary to understand the toxicity and redox processes of As in a specific environment. The method is sufficiently sensitive and selective to ensure accurate and precise quantitation of As(III), As(V), DMA, and MMA in surface water and groundwater samples with As species concentrations from tens of nanograms per liter to 50 µg/L without dilution of the sample. Mean recoveries of the four species spiked into reagent water, surface water and groundwater and measured periodically over three months ranged from 87.2 % to 108.7 % and relative standard deviation of replicates of all analytes ranged from 1.1 % to 9.0 %.
- •A PRP-X100 column and nitrate/phosphate mobile phase was used to separate As(III), As(V), DMA, and MMA in 0.45 µm filtered surface water and groundwater matrices.
- •Oxygen was used in the collision cell of the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer with MS/MS mode to shift the measured As mass from 75 to 91.
- • The analytical performance of the method and figures of merit including detection limits, precision, accuracy, and interferences when applied to surface water and groundwater matrices were investigated.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.mex.2020.101183","usgsCitation":"Stetson, S., Lawrence, C.M., Whitcomb, S.M., and Kanagy, C.J., 2021, Determination of four arsenic species in environmental water samples by liquid chromatography- inductively coupled plasma - tandem mass spectrometry: MethodsX, v. 8, 101183, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2020.101183.","productDescription":"101183, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-113219","costCenters":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2020.101183","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":381642,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stetson, Sarah 0000-0002-4930-4748 sstetson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4930-4748","contributorId":216528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stetson","given":"Sarah","email":"sstetson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawrence, Caitlyn Margaret 0000-0002-3073-1715","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3073-1715","contributorId":245873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Caitlyn","email":"","middleInitial":"Margaret","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whitcomb, Susan Melissa 0000-0001-6941-9465","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-9465","contributorId":245874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitcomb","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"Melissa","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kanagy, Christopher J. 0000-0001-7674-0521 ckanagy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7674-0521","contributorId":245875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanagy","given":"Christopher","email":"ckanagy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70219122,"text":"70219122 - 2021 - Direct observation of the depth of active groundwater circulation in an alpine watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-25T11:55:26.683201","indexId":"70219122","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-14T06:42:09","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct observation of the depth of active groundwater circulation in an alpine watershed","docAbstract":"The depth of active groundwater circulation is a fundamental control on stream flows and chemistry in mountain watersheds, yet it remains challenging to characterize and is rarely well constrained. We collected hydraulic conductivity, hydraulic head, temperature, chemical, noble gas, and 3H/3He groundwater age data from discrete levels in two boreholes 46 and 81 m deep in an alpine watershed, in combination with chemical and age data from shallow groundwater discharge, to discern groundwater flow rates at different depths and directly observe active and inactive groundwater. Vertical head gradients are steep (average of 0.4) and thermal profiles are consistent with typical linear conductive continental geotherms. Groundwater deeper than ∼20 m is distinct from shallow groundwater and creek water in its chemistry, noble gas signature, and age (dominantly >65 years compared to <9 years). Together these results suggest low vertical groundwater flow velocities and a relatively shallow active circulation depth of ∼20 m. This hypothesis is tested with a simple 2‐D numerical fluid flow and heat transport model representing a hillslope transect through the two boreholes. The modeling indicates that the subhorizontally bedded sedimentary rocks underlying the basin are highly anisotropic with low vertical hydraulic conductivity, and at most ∼10% of bedrock recharge (equivalent to <2% of stream baseflow) flows below a depth of 20 m. The study demonstrates the considerable value of discrete‐depth hydrogeologic, chemical, and age data for determining active circulation depth, and illustrates an approach for maximizing the utility of individual boreholes drilled for mountain bedrock aquifer characterization.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2020WR028548","usgsCitation":"Manning, A.H., Ball, L.B., Wanty, R., and Williams, K.H., 2021, Direct observation of the depth of active groundwater circulation in an alpine watershed: Water Resources Research, v. 57, no. 2, e2020WR028548, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR028548.","productDescription":"e2020WR028548, 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-121573","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488814,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2020wr028548","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":384621,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Redwell Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.13043212890625,\n 38.792626957868904\n ],\n [\n -106.80084228515625,\n 38.792626957868904\n ],\n [\n -106.80084228515625,\n 38.99997583555929\n ],\n [\n -107.13043212890625,\n 38.99997583555929\n ],\n [\n -107.13043212890625,\n 38.792626957868904\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-02-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manning, Andrew H. 0000-0002-6404-1237 amanning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-1237","contributorId":1305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"Andrew","email":"amanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ball, Lyndsay B. 0000-0002-6356-4693 lbball@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6356-4693","contributorId":1138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"Lyndsay","email":"lbball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wanty, Richard B. 0000-0002-2063-6423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":209899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"Richard","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":812859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, Kenneth H. 0000-0002-3568-1155","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3568-1155","contributorId":176791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":812860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70217722,"text":"70217722 - 2021 - The Alaska convergent margin backstop splay fault zone, a potential large tsunami generator between the frontal prism and continental framework","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-01T14:30:59.583569","indexId":"70217722","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-13T06:50:17","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7143,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, and Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Alaska convergent margin backstop splay fault zone, a potential large tsunami generator between the frontal prism and continental framework","docAbstract":"The giant tsunami that swept the Pacific from Alaska to Antarctica in 1946 was generated along one of three Alaska Trench instrumentally recorded aftershock areas following great and giant earthquakes. Aftershock areas were investigated during the past decade with multibeam bathymetry, ocean bottom seismograph wide‐angle seismic, reprocessed legacy, and new seismic reflection images. Summarized and updated here are previous papers and additional data. Tectonic structures collocated with aftershock area boundaries indicate possible lengths of rupture in future great earthquakes. NE aftershock area boundaries relate to subducted lower plate structures whereas the SW zone upper plate retains Beringian structural relicts. The lower to middle slope transition separating a stronger continental framework rock from a weaker accreted prism occurs along splay fault zones previously interpreted as backstops in seismic images. Damage zones along splay faults are generally 1‐km‐wide dipping typically 21°. Splays form slip paths from the plate interface to the seafloor much shorter than the 3–4° dipping plate interface beneath the frontal prism. Associated seafloor vent structures indicate overpressured fluids at depth. Splay fault dip and its rigid hanging wall impart greater seafloor uplift than the accreted prism per unit of slip making them effective tsunami generators. Backstop splay fault zones (BSFZs) run along the entire Alaska Trench. Beneath the frontal prism, active bend faults add rugosity to the plate interface and km high relief is commonly imaged in reprocessed legacy and new seismic data. The 1946 Unimak great (M8.6) earthquake epicenter is located near the BSFZ.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2019GC008901","usgsCitation":"von Huene, R., Miller, J.J., and Krabbenhoeft, A., 2021, The Alaska convergent margin backstop splay fault zone, a potential large tsunami generator between the frontal prism and continental framework: Geochemistry, Geophysics, and Geosystems, v. 22, no. 1, e2019GC008901, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GC008901.","productDescription":"e2019GC008901, 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-123030","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019gc008901","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382780,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Pacific Plate","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.7099609375,\n 59.17592824927136\n ],\n [\n -158.8623046875,\n 56.04749958329888\n ],\n [\n -167.51953124999997,\n 53.067626642387374\n ],\n [\n -165.498046875,\n 52.53627304145948\n ],\n [\n -156.26953125,\n 55.1286490684888\n ],\n [\n -150.7763671875,\n 58.44773280389084\n ],\n [\n -152.7099609375,\n 59.17592824927136\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-01-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"von Huene, Roland 0000-0003-1301-3866","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-3866","contributorId":208085,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"von Huene","given":"Roland","affiliations":[{"id":37709,"text":"USGS, emeritus, 800 Blossom Hill Road, Los Gatos, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, John J. 0000-0002-9098-0967 jmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9098-0967","contributorId":3785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"John","email":"jmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krabbenhoeft, Anne","contributorId":208084,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krabbenhoeft","given":"Anne","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37708,"text":"GEOMAR Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstr. 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70263957,"text":"70263957 - 2021 - Pervasive low-velocity layer atop the 410-km discontinuity beneath the northwest Pacific subduction zone: Implications for rheology and geodynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-03T15:36:19.470968","indexId":"70263957","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-11T09:30:08","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pervasive low-velocity layer atop the 410-km discontinuity beneath the northwest Pacific subduction zone: Implications for rheology and geodynamics","docAbstract":"Regional triplication waveforms of five intermediate-depth events are modeled to simultaneously obtain the compressional (P) and shear (SH) wave velocity structure beneath northwestern Pacific subduction zone. Both the P- and SH-wave velocity models for three different sub-regions show a low-velocity layer (LVL) with a thickness of ∼55-80 km lying above the 410-km discontinuity with a ∼900 km lateral extent from the Japan Sea to the northeastern Asian continental margin. With the dihedral angle approaching to zero around 400 km, a minute amount of melt atop the 410-km discontinuity caused by the hydrous slab might completely wet olivine grain boundaries and result in a low seismic velocity layer in this specific subduction zone. This mechanism suggests that the 410-LVL is a low viscosity zone that would partially decouple the upper mantle from the transition zone. We infer that the widespread 410-LVL provides evidence for a water-bearing mantle transition zone beneath the western Pacific subduction zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116642","usgsCitation":"Han, G., Li, J., Guo, G., Mooney, W.D., Karato, S., and Yuen, D., 2021, Pervasive low-velocity layer atop the 410-km discontinuity beneath the northwest Pacific subduction zone: Implications for rheology and geodynamics: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 554, 116642, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116642.","productDescription":"116642, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-122067","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116642","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":482740,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"554","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Han, Guangjie","contributorId":351730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Han","given":"Guangjie","affiliations":[{"id":32415,"text":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, Juan","contributorId":351731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Juan","affiliations":[{"id":32415,"text":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guo, Guangrui","contributorId":351732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guo","given":"Guangrui","affiliations":[{"id":32415,"text":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":929345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Karato, Shun-Ichiro","contributorId":351733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karato","given":"Shun-Ichiro","affiliations":[{"id":37550,"text":"Yale University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yuen, David A.","contributorId":351734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yuen","given":"David A.","affiliations":[{"id":7171,"text":"Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":929347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70217056,"text":"70217056 - 2021 - Permafrost promotes shallow groundwater flow and warmer headwater streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-05T21:14:01.609787","indexId":"70217056","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-11T07:09:54","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Permafrost promotes shallow groundwater flow and warmer headwater streams","docAbstract":"The presence of permafrost influences the flow paths of water through Arctic landscapes and thereby has the potential to impact stream discharge and thermal regimes. Observations from eleven headwater streams in Alaska showed that July water temperatures were higher in catchments with more near‐surface permafrost. We apply a fully coupled cryohydrology model to investigate if the impact of permafrost on flow path depth could cause the same pattern in temperatures of groundwater discharging from hillslopes to streams. The model simulates surface energy and water balances, snow, and subsurface water and energy balances for two‐dimensional hillslope model cases with varying permafrost extent. We find that hillslopes with continuous permafrost have more shallow flow paths and twice as high rates of evapotranspiration, compared to hillslopes with no permafrost. For our simulated cases, 6.7 % of the horizontal water flux moves through the top organic soil layers when there is continuous permafrost, while only 0.5 % moves through organic layers without permafrost. The deeper flow paths in permafrost‐free simulations buffer seasonal temperature extremes, so that summer groundwater discharge temperatures are highest with continuous permafrost. Our results suggest that permafrost thawing alters groundwater flow paths and can lead to decreases in summer stream temperatures and reductions in evapotranspiration in headwater catchments. These changes are of potential importance for stream biotic components of ecosystems, however, the full impact remains unknown.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2020WR027463","usgsCitation":"Sjoberg, Y., Janke, A.K., Painter, S., Coonradt, E., Carey, M.P., O’Donnell, J.A., and Koch, J.C., 2021, Permafrost promotes shallow groundwater flow and warmer headwater streams: Water Resources Research, v. 57, no. 2, e2020WR027463, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR027463.","productDescription":"e2020WR027463, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-117601","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":491329,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P91HI62H","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Stream Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, Conductivity, and Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) in River Basins of Northwest Alaska, 2017-2024"},{"id":454110,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2020wr027463","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9C3JYUH","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Physical, Hydraulic, and Thermal Properties of Soils in the Noatak River Basin, Alaska, 2016"},{"id":381798,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Noatak National Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -163.685302734375,\n 66.93866882358137\n ],\n [\n -154.8193359375,\n 66.93866882358137\n ],\n [\n -154.8193359375,\n 68.62854757995426\n ],\n [\n -163.685302734375,\n 68.62854757995426\n ],\n [\n -163.685302734375,\n 66.93866882358137\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-02-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sjoberg, Ylva 0000-0002-4292-5808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-5808","contributorId":194635,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sjoberg","given":"Ylva","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":807421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Janke, Adam K. 0000-0003-2781-7857","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2781-7857","contributorId":130959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Janke","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7176,"text":"Dept of Natl Res Mgmt, SDSU, Brookings, SD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Painter, S 0000-0002-0901-6987","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0901-6987","contributorId":245978,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Painter","given":"S","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37070,"text":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coonradt, E. 0000-0001-8124-9622","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8124-9622","contributorId":140134,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coonradt","given":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13388,"text":"ADF&G - Commercial Fisheries, 304 Lake Street, Sitka, Alaska 99835","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carey, Michael P. 0000-0002-3327-8995 mcarey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3327-8995","contributorId":5397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carey","given":"Michael","email":"mcarey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"O’Donnell, Jonathan A. 0000-0001-7031-9808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7031-9808","contributorId":191423,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":807426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Koch, Joshua C. 0000-0001-7180-6982 jkoch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7180-6982","contributorId":202532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koch","given":"Joshua","email":"jkoch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70218730,"text":"70218730 - 2021 - Seasonal periphyton response to low-level nutrient exposure in a least disturbed mountain stream, the Buffalo River, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-10T13:14:06.685619","indexId":"70218730","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-11T07:06:33","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal periphyton response to low-level nutrient exposure in a least disturbed mountain stream, the Buffalo River, Arkansas","docAbstract":"Like most streams located in the Ozark Plateaus, the Buffalo River in Arkansas generally has excellent water quality. Water-quality conditions in Big Creek, however, a major tributary of the middle Buffalo River, have been less favorable than that of other Buffalo River tributaries. Concerns regarding the influence of water quality in Big Creek on the Buffalo River magnified in 2013 when a large confined animal feeding operation (CAFO) began operating in the watershed. In response to these concerns, the U.S. Geological Survey compared monthly nutrient concentrations and seasonal periphyton assemblage metrics of a site on Big Creek downstream of the CAFO, two Buffalo River control sites upstream of the confluence with Big Creek, and three Buffalo River test sites downstream of the confluence with Big Creek. In addition to identifying potential nutrient patterns and periphyton responses along a low-level nutrient exposure gradient, the study determined how nutrient contributions from Big Creek (and the CAFO) are affecting ecological conditions and consequent ecosystem services in the Buffalo River. Nutrient and periphyton data exhibited more temporal than spatial variability. Nutrient concentrations were generally highest of all sites at the Big Creek site. Concentrations at the five sites on the Buffalo River were typically low (near laboratory reporting limits), and concentrations at the three test sites rarely exceeded those of the two control sites. An index developed with three ecologically relevant periphyton metrics (oligotrophic taxa and Homoeothrix percent relative abundance and mesotrophic diatoms percent taxa richness) suggested that nutrient uptake at sites downstream of the Big Creek-Buffalo River confluence resulted in subtle shifts in downstream periphyton assemblages. The periphyton index of biological integrity at control sites was slightly and generally more favorable compared to test sites. Even so, when periphyton data were considered in conjunction with both hydrology and water-quality data, the negative consequences of antecedent high flows and associated scouring exceeded the potential positive effects that low-level nutrients had on algal productivity. These findings emphasize the importance of comparing biological and chemical data across extended temporal scales, particularly when working with low-level nutrient gradients.
A boosted regression tree model was developed to predict pH conditions in three dimensions throughout the glacial aquifer system of the contiguous United States using pH measurements in samples from 18,386 wells and predictor variables that represent aspects of the hydrogeologic setting. Model results indicate that the carbonate content of soils and aquifer materials strongly controls pH and, when coupled with long flowpaths, results in the most alkaline conditions. Conversely, in areas where glacial sediments are thin and carbonate‐poor, pH conditions remain acidic. At depths typical of drinking‐water supplies, predicted pH >7.5—which is associated with arsenic mobilization—occurs more frequently than predicted pH <6—which is associated with water corrosivity and the mobilization of other trace elements. A novel aspect of this model was the inclusion of numerically based estimates of groundwater flow characteristics (age and flowpath length) as predictor variables. The sensitivity of pH predictions to these variables was consistent with hydrologic understanding of groundwater flow systems and the geochemical evolution of groundwater quality. The model was not developed to provide precise estimates of pH at any given location. Rather, it can be used to more generally identify areas where contaminants may be mobilized into groundwater and where corrosivity issues may be of concern to prioritize areas for future groundwater monitoring.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13063","usgsCitation":"Stackelberg, P.E., Belitz, K., Brown, C., Erickson, M., Elliott, S.M., Kauffman, L.J., Ransom, K.M., and Reddy, J., 2021, Machine learning predictions of pH in the Glacial Aquifer System, Northern USA: Groundwater, v. 37, no. 4, p. 531-543, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.13063.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"531","endPage":"543","ipdsId":"IP-122702","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454116,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.13063","text":"External Repository"},{"id":436626,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9RF0R6E","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data for machine learning predictions of pH in the glacial aquifer system, northern USA"},{"id":382483,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stackelberg, Paul E. 0000-0002-1818-355X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1818-355X","contributorId":204864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stackelberg","given":"Paul","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":201889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Craig J. 0000-0002-3858-3964","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3858-3964","contributorId":210450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Craig J.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Erickson, Melinda L. 0000-0002-1117-2866 merickso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1117-2866","contributorId":3671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Melinda L.","email":"merickso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Elliott, Sarah M. 0000-0002-1414-3024 selliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1414-3024","contributorId":1472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Sarah","email":"selliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kauffman, Leon J. 0000-0003-4564-0362","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-0362","contributorId":206428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"Leon","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ransom, Katherine Marie 0000-0001-6195-7699","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6195-7699","contributorId":239552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ransom","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"Marie","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Reddy, James E. 0000-0002-6998-7267","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6998-7267","contributorId":206426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"James E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
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