Humans now play a major role in altering Earth and its biota. Finding ways to ameliorate human impacts on biodiversity and to sustain and restore the ecosystem services on which we depend is a grand scientific and societal challenge. Conservation paleobiology is an emerging discipline that uses geohistorical data to meet these challenges by developing and testing models of how biota respond to environmental stressors. Here we (a) describe how the discipline has already provided insights about biotic responses to key environmental stressors, (b) outline research aimed at disentangling the effects of multiple stressors, (c) provide examples of deliverables for managers and policy makers, and (d) identify methodological advances in geohistorical analysis that will foster the next major breakthroughs in conservation outcomes. We highlight cases for which exclusive reliance on observations of living biota may lead researchers to erroneous conclusions about the nature and magnitude of biotic change, vulnerability, and resilience.
","language":"English","publisher":"Annual Reviews Inc.","publisherLocation":"Palo Alto, CA","doi":"10.1146/annurev-earth-040610-133349","usgsCitation":"Dietl, G.P., Kidwell, S.M., Brenner, M., Burney, D.A., Flessa, K.W., Jackson, S.T., and Koch, P.L., 2015, Conservation paleobiology: Leveraging knowledge of the past to inform conservation and restoration: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 43, p. 79-103, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-040610-133349.","startPage":"79","endPage":"103","numberOfPages":"25","ipdsId":"IP-056769","costCenters":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-040610-133349","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":329515,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffdeffe4b0824b2d179cf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dietl, Gregory P.","contributorId":175306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dietl","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kidwell, Susan M.","contributorId":18003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kidwell","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":33013,"text":"Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":650747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brenner, Mark","contributorId":86380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brenner","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burney, David A.","contributorId":175307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burney","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flessa, Karl W.","contributorId":175308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flessa","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jackson, Stephen T. 0000-0002-1487-4652 stjackson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1487-4652","contributorId":344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Stephen","email":"stjackson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":560,"text":"South Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Koch, Paul L.","contributorId":6742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koch","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70156024,"text":"70156024 - 2015 - Western juniper management: assessing strategies for improving greater sage-grouse habitat and rangeland productivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-13T14:31:57","indexId":"70156024","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-10T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Western juniper management: assessing strategies for improving greater sage-grouse habitat and rangeland productivity","docAbstract":"Western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis subsp. occidentalis) range expansion into sagebrush steppe ecosystems has affected both native wildlife and economic livelihoods across western North America. The potential listing of the greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) under the U.S. Endangered Species Act has spurred a decade of juniper removal efforts, yet limited research has evaluated program effectiveness. We used a multi-objective spatially explicit model to identify optimal juniper removal sites in Northeastern California across weighted goals for ecological (sage-grouse habitat) and economic (cattle forage production) benefits. We also extended the analysis through alternative case scenarios that tested the effects of coordination among federal agencies, budgetary constraints, and the use of fire as a juniper treatment method. We found that sage-grouse conservation and forage production goals are somewhat complementary, but the extent of complementary benefits strongly depends on spatial factors and management approaches. Certain management actions substantially increase achievable benefits, including agency coordination and the use of prescribed burns to remove juniper. Critically, our results indicate that juniper management strategies designed to increase cattle forage do not necessarily achieve measurable sage-grouse benefits, underscoring the need for program evaluation and monitoring.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-015-0521-1","usgsCitation":"Farzan, S., Young, D.J., Dedrick, A.G., Hamilton, M., Porse, E.C., Coates, P.S., and Sampson, G., 2015, Western juniper management: assessing strategies for improving greater sage-grouse habitat and rangeland productivity: Environmental Management, v. 56, no. 3, p. 675-683, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-015-0521-1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"675","endPage":"683","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063191","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472099,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-015-0521-1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306677,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon, Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.67358398437499,\n 39.07890809706475\n ],\n [\n -121.67358398437499,\n 42.382894009614056\n ],\n [\n -117.740478515625,\n 42.382894009614056\n ],\n [\n -117.740478515625,\n 39.07890809706475\n ],\n [\n -121.67358398437499,\n 39.07890809706475\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cdbfc1e4b08400b1fe145b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farzan, Shahla","contributorId":146396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farzan","given":"Shahla","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, Derek J.N.","contributorId":146397,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Derek","email":"","middleInitial":"J.N.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dedrick, Allison G.","contributorId":146398,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dedrick","given":"Allison","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hamilton, Mattew","contributorId":146399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Mattew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Porse, Erik C.","contributorId":146400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Porse","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Coates, Peter S. 0000-0003-2672-9994 pcoates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-9994","contributorId":3263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Peter","email":"pcoates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sampson, Gabriel","contributorId":146401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sampson","given":"Gabriel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70144994,"text":"sir20155051 - 2015 - Flood-inundation maps for the White River at Indianapolis, Indiana, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-08T13:47:45","indexId":"sir20155051","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-08T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5051","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the White River at Indianapolis, Indiana, 2014","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for a 6.4-mile reach of the White River in Indianapolis, Indiana, from 0.3 miles upstream of Michigan Street to the Harding Street Generating Station dam (at the confluence with Lick Creek), were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Indiana Office of Community and Rural Affairs. The flood-inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/, depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgage on the White River at Indianapolis, Ind. (station number 03353000). Near-real-time stages at this streamgage may be obtained on the Internet from the USGS National Water Information System at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/or the National Weather Service (NWS) Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service athttp://water.weather.gov/ahps/, which also forecasts flood hydrographs at this site.
\nFlood profiles were computed for the stream reach by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model. The model was calibrated by using the current stage-discharge relations at three USGS streamgages: the White River at Indianapolis (station number 03353000), the White River at Michigan Street at Indianapolis (station number 03352953), and the White River at Stout Generating Station at Indianapolis (station number 03353611).
\nThe hydraulic model was then used to compute 11 water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1-foot (ft) intervals referenced to the White River at Indianapolis streamgage datum and ranging from 10 ft, or the NWS “action stage,” to 20 ft, which is the highest stage in the stage-discharge relation for the streamgage and the NWS “moderate flood stage.”
\nThe simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model (derived from light detection and ranging [lidar] data having a vertical 0.183-ft root mean squared error and 5.0-ft horizontal resolution) to delineate the area flooded at each water level.
\nThe availability of these maps, along with Internet information regarding current stage from the USGS streamgage and forecasted high-flow stages from the NWS, will provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for postflood recovery efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155051","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Office of Community and Rural Affairs","usgsCitation":"Nystrom, E.A., 2015, Flood-inundation maps for the White River at Indianapolis, Indiana, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5051, Report: iv, 12 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155051.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 12 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-061280","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300238,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155051.jpg"},{"id":300235,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5051/"},{"id":300236,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5051/pdf/sir2015-5051.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.27 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":300237,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5051/downloads","text":"Downloads Directory","description":"Downloads Directory","linkHelpText":"Contains: geospatial database."}],"projection":"Transverse Mercator Projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Indianapolis","otherGeospatial":"White River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.20121955871582,\n 39.781036016645544\n ],\n [\n -86.18001937866211,\n 39.77773791337689\n ],\n [\n -86.1709213256836,\n 39.767116946991244\n ],\n [\n -86.16508483886719,\n 39.742306320384046\n ],\n [\n -86.16911888122559,\n 39.71484585272144\n ],\n [\n -86.17641448974608,\n 39.70758284298595\n ],\n [\n -86.18611335754395,\n 39.70698856289375\n ],\n [\n -86.18568420410156,\n 39.69629064595011\n ],\n [\n -86.18894577026367,\n 39.69596043694606\n ],\n [\n -86.21769905090332,\n 39.717090628297655\n ],\n [\n -86.21769905090332,\n 39.72342842379847\n ],\n [\n -86.1990737915039,\n 39.735574237097275\n ],\n [\n -86.1796760559082,\n 39.73735632314099\n ],\n [\n -86.17401123046875,\n 39.74316428375111\n ],\n [\n -86.20121955871582,\n 39.781036016645544\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"554dd01ae4b082ec54129ee9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nystrom, Elizabeth A. 0000-0002-0886-3439 nystrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0886-3439","contributorId":1072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nystrom","given":"Elizabeth","email":"nystrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70144506,"text":"ofr20151061 - 2015 - Geochemical and mineralogical sampling of the Devonian shales in the Broadtop synclinorium, Appalachian basin, in Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-08T09:47:57","indexId":"ofr20151061","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-07T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1061","title":"Geochemical and mineralogical sampling of the Devonian shales in the Broadtop synclinorium, Appalachian basin, in Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Reconnaissance field mapping and outcrop sampling for geochemical and mineralogical analyses indicate that the Middle Devonian Marcellus Shale in the Broadtop synclinorium and nearby areas from southeastern West Virginia to south-central Pennsylvania has an organic content sufficiently high and a thermal maturity sufficiently moderate to be considered for a shale gas play. The organic matter-rich Marcellus Shale is present throughout most of the synclinorium, being absent only where it has been eroded from the crest of anticlines. Geochemical analyses of outcrop and well drill-cuttings samples indicate that variable levels of hydrocarbons have been generated and expelled from the kerogen originally in place in the mudstone. The mineralogical characteristics of the Marcellus Shale samples from the study area are conducive to a continuous resource play, but the Middle Devonian strata are folded, faulted, and moderately to heavily sheared in the Broadtop synclinorium.
\nThe presence of conventional anticlinal gas fields in the study area that are productive from the underlying Lower Devonian Oriskany Sandstone suggests that an unconventional (or continuous) shale gas system may be in place within the Marcellus Shale in the study area. Results of this study indicate that the Marcellus Shale in the Broadtop synclinorium generally is similar in organic geochemical nature throughout its extent, and based on the sample analyses, there are no clearly identifiable high potential areas (or “sweet spots”) in the study area. This report contains analyses of 132 outcrop and well drill-cuttings samples.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151061","usgsCitation":"Enomoto, C.B., Coleman, J.L., Swezey, C.S., Niemeyer, P.W., and Dulong, F.T., 2015, Geochemical and mineralogical sampling of the Devonian shales in the Broadtop synclinorium, Appalachian basin, in Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1061, Report: v, 32 p.; 5 plates: 42 x 50 inches or smaller ; Appendix; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151061.","productDescription":"Report: v, 32 p.; 5 plates: 42 x 50 inches or smaller ; Appendix; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052347","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300157,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151061.jpg"},{"id":300153,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1061/"},{"id":300154,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1061/pdf/ofr2015-1061.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.04 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":300155,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1061/downloads","text":"Downloads Directory","description":"Downloads Directory","linkHelpText":"Contains: Plates 1-5 files in PDF format and Appendix file in Excel format."}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Appalachian Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.35498046875,\n 40.38002840251183\n ],\n [\n -76.4208984375,\n 39.8928799002948\n ],\n [\n -77.10205078124999,\n 39.470125122358176\n ],\n [\n -77.080078125,\n 39.232253141714885\n ],\n [\n -77.36572265625,\n 38.90813299596705\n ],\n [\n -77.51953125,\n 38.89103282648846\n ],\n [\n -78.11279296875,\n 38.35888785866677\n ],\n [\n -78.42041015625,\n 37.90953361677018\n ],\n [\n -79.27734374999999,\n 36.73888412439431\n ],\n [\n -80.35400390625,\n 37.07271048132946\n ],\n [\n -80.2001953125,\n 37.735969208590504\n ],\n [\n -80.26611328125,\n 38.048091067457236\n ],\n [\n -79.87060546875,\n 38.634036452919226\n ],\n [\n -79.453125,\n 38.90813299596705\n ],\n [\n -78.2666015625,\n 40.41349604970198\n ],\n [\n -77.82714843749999,\n 40.54720023441049\n ],\n [\n -76.904296875,\n 40.49709237269567\n ],\n [\n -76.35498046875,\n 40.38002840251183\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"554c7ea8e4b082ec5412847f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Enomoto, Catherine B. 0000-0002-4119-1953 cenomoto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4119-1953","contributorId":2126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enomoto","given":"Catherine","email":"cenomoto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coleman, James L. Jr. 0000-0002-5232-5849 jlcoleman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5232-5849","contributorId":549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"James","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jlcoleman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swezey, Christopher S. 0000-0003-4019-9264 cswezey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4019-9264","contributorId":601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swezey","given":"Christopher","email":"cswezey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Niemeyer, Patrick W.","contributorId":139987,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niemeyer","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dulong, Frank T. 0000-0001-7388-647X fdulong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7388-647X","contributorId":650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dulong","given":"Frank","email":"fdulong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70129171,"text":"ofr20141125 - 2015 - Historic and forecasted population and land-cover change in eastern North Carolina, 1992-2030","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T15:40:40","indexId":"ofr20141125","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-07T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1125","title":"Historic and forecasted population and land-cover change in eastern North Carolina, 1992-2030","docAbstract":"The Southeast Regional Partnership for Planning and Sustainability (SERPPAS) was formed in 2005 as a partnership between the Department of Defense (DOD) and State and Federal agencies to promote better collaboration in making resource-use decisions. In support of this goal, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a study to evaluate historic population growth and land-cover change, and to model future change, for the 13-county SERPPAS study area in southeastern North Carolina (fig. 1). Improved understanding of trends in land-cover change and the ability to forecast land-cover change that is consistent with these trends will be a key component of efforts to accommodate local military-mission imperatives while also promoting sustainable economic growth throughout the 13-county study area. The study had three principal objectives:
1. Evaluate historic changes in population and land cover for the period 1992–2006 using both previously existing as well as newly generated land-cover data.
2. Develop models to forecast future change in land cover using the data gathered in objective 1 in conjunction with ancillary data on the suitability of the various sub-areas within the study area for low- and high-intensity urban development.
3. Deliver these results—including an executive-level briefing and a USGS technical report—to DOD, other project cooperators, and local counties in hard-copy and digital formats and via the Web through a map-based data viewer.
This report provides a general overview of the study and is intended for general distribution to non-technical audiences.
Arc magmas erupted at the Earth’s surface are commonly more oxidized than those produced at mid-ocean ridges. Possible explanations for this high oxidation state are that the transfer of fluids during the subduction process results in direct oxidation of the sub-arc mantle wedge, or that oxidation is caused by the effect of later crustal processes, including protracted fractionation and degassing of volatile-rich magmas. This study sets out to investigate the effect of disequilibrium crustal processes that may involve coupled changes in H2O content and Fe oxidation state, by examining the degassing and hydration of sulphur-free rhyolites. We show that experimentally hydrated melts record strong increases in Fe3+/∑Fe with increasing H2O concentration as a result of changes in water activity. This is relevant for the passage of H2O-undersaturated melts from the deep crust towards shallow crustal storage regions, and raises the possibility that vertical variations in fO2 might develop within arc crust. Conversely, degassing experiments produce an increase in Fe3+/∑Fe with decreasing H2O concentration. In this case the oxidation is explained by loss of H2 as well as H2O into bubbles during decompression, consistent with thermodynamic modelling, and is relevant for magmas undergoing shallow degassing en route to the surface. We discuss these results in the context of the possible controls on fO2 during the generation, storage and ascent of magmas in arc settings, in particular considering the timescales of equilibration relative to observation as this affects the quality of the petrological record of magmatic fO2.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1093/petrology/egv017","usgsCitation":"Humphreys, M.C., Brooker, R., Fraser, D., Burgisser, A., Mangan, M.T., and McCammon, C., 2015, Coupled interactions between volatile activity and Fe oxidation state during arc crustal processes: Journal of Petrology, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egv017.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055270","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egv017","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306784,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7ef2ae4b0bc0bec09ef46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Humphreys, Madeleine C.S.","contributorId":103199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Humphreys","given":"Madeleine","email":"","middleInitial":"C.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooker, R","contributorId":146223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brooker","given":"R","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16635,"text":"Bristol University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fraser, D.C.","contributorId":35732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fraser","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burgisser, A","contributorId":146224,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burgisser","given":"A","affiliations":[{"id":16636,"text":"CNRS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mangan, Margaret T. 0000-0002-5273-8053 mmangan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5273-8053","contributorId":3343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangan","given":"Margaret","email":"mmangan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McCammon, C","contributorId":146225,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCammon","given":"C","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13489,"text":"Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70154770,"text":"70154770 - 2015 - A pheromone outweighs temperature in influencing migration of sea lamprey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-23T08:50:58","indexId":"70154770","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-06T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3908,"text":"Royal Society Open Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A pheromone outweighs temperature in influencing migration of sea lamprey","docAbstract":"Organisms continuously acquire and process information from surrounding cues. While some cues complement one another in delivering more reliable information, others may provide conflicting information. How organisms extract and use reliable information from a multitude of cues is largely unknown. We examined movement decisions of sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus L.) exposed to a conspecific and an environmental cue during pre-spawning migration. Specifically, we predicted that the mature male-released sex pheromone 3-keto petromyzonol sulfate (3kPZS) will outweigh the locomotor inhibiting effects of cold stream temperature (less than 15°C). Using large-scale stream bioassays, we found that 3kPZS elicits an increase (more than 40%) in upstream movement of pre-spawning lampreys when the water temperatures were below 15°C. Both warming temperatures and conspecific cues increase upstream movement when the water temperature rose above 15°C. These patterns define an interaction between abiotic and conspecific cues in modulating animal decision-making, providing an example of the hierarchy of contradictory information.
","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society Publishing","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1098/rsos.150009","usgsCitation":"Brant, C., Li, K., Johnson, N., and Li, W., 2015, A pheromone outweighs temperature in influencing migration of sea lamprey: Royal Society Open Science, v. 2, p. 1-7, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150009.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064542","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":308167,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fa92ace4b05d6c4e501a40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brant, Cory O.","contributorId":52872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brant","given":"Cory O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, Ke","contributorId":172267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Ke","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas S. njohnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":145449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas S.","email":"njohnson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Li, Weiming","contributorId":65440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Weiming","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70147753,"text":"70147753 - 2015 - A field investigation of the basaltic ring structures of the Channeled Scabland and the relevance to Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-08T16:17:11","indexId":"70147753","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-06T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A field investigation of the basaltic ring structures of the Channeled Scabland and the relevance to Mars","docAbstract":"The basaltic ring structure (BRS) is a class of peculiar features only reported in the Channeled Scabland of eastern Washington State. They have been suggested to be good analogs, however, for some circular features on Mars. BRSs are found where Pleistocene floods scoured the Columbia River Basin, stripping off the uppermost part of the Miocene Columbia River Basalt Group and exposing structures that were previously embedded in the lava. The “Odessa Craters,” near Odessa, WA, are 50–500-m-wide BRSs that are comprised of discontinuous, concentric outcrops of subvertically-jointed basalt and autointrusive dikes. Detailed field investigation of the Odessa Craters in planform and a cross-sectional exposure of a similar structure above Banks Lake, WA, lead us to propose that BRSs formed by concurrent phreatovolcanism and lava flow inflation. In this model, phreatovolcanic (a.k.a., “rootless”) cones formed on a relatively thin, active lava flow; the lava flow inflated around the cones, locally inverting topography; tensile stresses caused concentric fracturing of the lava crust; lava from within the molten interior of the flow exploited the fractures and buried the phreatovolcanic cones; and subsequent erosive floods excavated the structures. Another population of BRSs near Tokio Station, WA, consists of single-ringed, raised-rimmed structures that are smaller and more randomly distributed than the Odessa Craters. We find evidence for a phreatovolcanic component to the origin as well, and hypothesize that they are either flood-eroded phreatovolcanic cones or Odessa Crater-like BRSs. This work indicates that BRSs are not good analogs to the features on Mars because the martian features are found on the uneroded surfaces. Despite this, the now superseded concepts for BRS formation are useful for understanding the formation of the martian features.
","conferenceTitle":"45th Annual Binghamton Geomorphology Symposium","conferenceDate":"September 12-14, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Knoxville, TN","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.06.027","usgsCitation":"Keszthelyi, L.P., and Jaeger, W.L., 2015, A field investigation of the basaltic ring structures of the Channeled Scabland and the relevance to Mars: Geomorphology, v. 240, p. 34-43, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.06.027.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"43","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050656","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300125,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Channeled Scabland, Mars, Odessa Craters","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.1302490234375,\n 47.92554522341879\n ],\n [\n -119.21539306640626,\n 47.88872266659918\n ],\n [\n -119.34722900390625,\n 47.635783590864854\n ],\n [\n -118.7677001953125,\n 47.29040793812928\n ],\n [\n -118.2843017578125,\n 47.12808212013255\n ],\n [\n -118.11126708984375,\n 47.21397145824759\n ],\n [\n -119.1302490234375,\n 47.92554522341879\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"240","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"554b2d17e4b082ec54127142","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo","email":"laz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaeger, Windy L.","contributorId":61679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaeger","given":"Windy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70102607,"text":"sir20135040 - 2015 - Hydrology of the middle San Pedro area, southeastern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:20:22","indexId":"sir20135040","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-05T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5040","title":"Hydrology of the middle San Pedro area, southeastern Arizona","docAbstract":"In the middle San Pedro Watershed in southeastern Arizona, groundwater is the primary source of water supply for municipal, domestic, industrial, and agricultural use. The watershed comprises two smaller subareas, the Benson subarea and the Narrows-Redington subarea. Early 21st century projections for heavy population growth in the watershed have not yet become a reality, but increased groundwater withdrawals could have undesired consequences - such as decreased base flow to the San Pedro River, and groundwater-level declines - that would lead to the need to deepen existing wells. This report describes the hydrology, hydrochemistry, water quality, and development of a groundwater budget for the middle San Pedro Watershed, focusing primarily on the elements of groundwater movement that could be most useful for the development of a groundwater model
Precipitation data from Tombstone, Arizona, and base flow at the stream-gaging station on the San Pedro River at Charleston both show relatively dry periods during the 1960s through the mid-1980s and in the mid-1990s to 2009, and wetter periods from the mid-1980s through the mid-1990s. Water levels in four out of five wells near the mountain fronts show cyclical patterns of recharge, with rates of recharge greatest in the early 1980s through the mid-1990s. Three wells near the San Pedro River recorded their lowest levels during the 1950s to the mid-1960s. The water-level record from one well, completed in the confined part of the coarse-grained lower basin fill, showed a decline of approximately 21 meters.
Annual flow of the San Pedro River, measured at the Charleston and Redington gages, has decreased since the 1940s. The median annual streamflow and base flow at the gaging station on the river near Tombstone has decreased by 50 percent between the periods 1968–1986 and 1997–2009. Estimates of streamflow infiltration along the San Pedro River during 1914–2009 have decreased 44 percent, with the largest decreases in the months June–October in the Benson subarea. In the Narrows-Redington subarea, streamflow infiltration has decreased about 65 percent during 1914–2009.
The average annual outflow (27.6 hm3/year [cubic hectometers per year]) from the Benson subarea aquifer for water years 2001 through 2009 exceeded the inflows (20.0 hm3/ yr) by 7.60 hm3/yr. In the Narrows-Redington subarea for the same period, the average annual outflow (15.7 hm3/yr) from the aquifer system exceeded the inflows (13.8 hm3/yr) by nearly 2 hm3/yr. The largest withdrawals of groundwater in both subareas are for irrigation; these withdrawals peaked in 1973 and have been steadily decreasing since then. Recharge from streamflow infiltration exceeded recharge from the mountain-front and from ephemeral channels in the Benson subarea. In the Narrows-Redington subarea, however, recharge from mountain-front and ephemeral channel recharge exceeded recharge from streamflow infiltration. Evapotranspiration by phreatophytes accounts for the largest outflow of groundwater for both subareas—78 percent of the outflow in the Narrows-Redington subarea and 62 percent of the outflow in the Benson subarea.
Precipitation, surface-water, and groundwater chemistry and isotope data indicated the relative age and residence time of groundwater, the amount of interaction between geologic sources and groundwater, and how recharge elevation and season were related to the presence of modern water. The bedrock aquifer receives modern recharge (
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135040","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Cordova, J.T., Dickinson, J.E., Beisner, K.R., Hopkins, C.B., Kennedy, J.R., Pool, D.R., Glenn, E.P., Nagler, P.L., and Thomas, B.E., 2015, Hydrology of the middle San Pedro Watershed, southeastern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013–5040, 77 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20135040.","productDescription":"vii, 77 p.","numberOfPages":"88","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037275","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science 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U.S. Geological Survey
520 N. Park Avenue
Tucson, AZ 85719
http://az.water.usgs.gov/
A Systems Thinking approach is used to examine elements of a maritime transportation system that are most likely to be impacted by an extreme event. The majority of the literature uses a high-level view that can fail to capture the damage at the sub-system elements. This work uses a system dynamics simulation for a better view and understanding of the Port of San Juan, Puerto Rico, as a whole system and uses Hurricane Georges (1998), as a representative disruptive event. The model focuses on the impacts of natural disasters at the sub-system level with a final goal of determining the sequence needed to restore an ocean-going port to its pre-event state. This work in progress details model development and outlines steps for using real-world information to assist maritime port manager planning and recommendations for best practices to mitigate disaster damage.
Pacific salmon migration timing can drive population productivity, ecosystem dynamics, and human harvest. Nevertheless, little is known about long-term variation in salmon migration timing for multiple species across broad regions. We used long-term data for five Pacific salmon species throughout rapidly warming southeast Alaska to describe long-term changes in salmon migration timing, interannual phenological synchrony, relationships between climatic variation and migratory timing, and to test whether long-term changes in migration timing are related to glaciation in headwater streams. Temporal changes in the median date of salmon migration timing varied widely across species. Most sockeye populations are migrating later over time (11 of 14), but pink, chum, and especially coho populations are migrating earlier than they did historically (16 of 19 combined). Temporal trends in duration and interannual variation in migration timing were highly variable across species and populations. The greatest temporal shifts in the median date of migration timing were correlated with decreases in the duration of migration timing, suggestive of a loss of phenotypic variation due to natural selection. Pairwise interannual correlations in migration timing varied widely but were generally positive, providing evidence for weak region-wide phenological synchrony. This synchrony is likely a function of climatic variation, as interannual variation in migration timing was related to climatic phenomenon operating at large- (Pacific decadal oscillation), moderate- (sea surface temperature), and local-scales (precipitation). Surprisingly, the presence or the absence of glaciers within a watershed was unrelated to long-term shifts in phenology. Overall, there was extensive heterogeneity in long-term patterns of migration timing throughout this climatically and geographically complex region, highlighting that future climatic change will likely have widely divergent impacts on salmon migration timing. Although salmon phenological diversity will complicate future predictions of migration timing, this variation likely acts as a major contributor to population and ecosystem resiliency in southeast Alaska.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/gcb.12829","usgsCitation":"Kovach, R., Ellison, S., Pyare, S., and Tallmon, D., 2015, Temporal patterns in adult salmon migration timing across southeast Alaska: Global Change Biology, v. 21, no. 5, p. 1821-1833, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12829.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1821","endPage":"1833","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061254","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472105,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12829","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306531,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Southeast Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -141.35009765625,\n 59.60109549032134\n ],\n [\n -134.80224609375,\n 60.941106295036136\n ],\n [\n -130.693359375,\n 60.27251459483244\n ],\n [\n -128.64990234375,\n 58.90464570302001\n ],\n [\n -128.38623046875,\n 56.48676175249086\n ],\n [\n -127.77099609374999,\n 55.29162848682989\n ],\n [\n -129.9462890625,\n 54.23955053156179\n ],\n [\n -132.91259765625,\n 53.46189043285914\n ],\n [\n -141.35009765625,\n 59.60109549032134\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c9cb39e4b08400b1fdb72e","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/gcb.12829","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12829","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Kovach Ryan P., Ellison Stephen C., Pyare Sanjay, Tallmon David A.","journalName":"Global Change Biology","publicationDate":"2/6/2015","auditedOn":"6/11/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kovach, Ryan P.","contributorId":126724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kovach","given":"Ryan P.","affiliations":[{"id":6580,"text":"University of Montana, Flathead Lake Biological Station, Polson, Montana 59860, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellison, Stephen","contributorId":145919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ellison","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16298,"text":"University of Alaska Southeast","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pyare, Sanjay","contributorId":47135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyare","given":"Sanjay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tallmon, David","contributorId":145920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tallmon","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":16298,"text":"University of Alaska Southeast","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70148076,"text":"70148076 - 2015 - AMDTreat 5.0+ with PHREEQC titration module to compute caustic chemical quantity, effluent quality, and sludge volume","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-25T15:43:38","indexId":"70148076","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2745,"text":"Mine Water and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"AMDTreat 5.0+ with PHREEQC titration module to compute caustic chemical quantity, effluent quality, and sludge volume","docAbstract":"Alkaline chemicals are commonly added to discharges from coal mines to increase pH and decrease concentrations of acidity and dissolved aluminum, iron, manganese, and associated metals. The annual cost of chemical treatment depends on the type and quantities of chemicals added and sludge produced. The AMDTreat computer program, initially developed in 2003, is widely used to compute such costs on the basis of the user-specified flow rate and water quality data for the untreated AMD. Although AMDTreat can use results of empirical titration of net-acidic or net-alkaline effluent with caustic chemicals to accurately estimate costs for treatment, such empirical data are rarely available. A titration simulation module using the geochemical program PHREEQC has been incorporated with AMDTreat 5.0+ to improve the capability of AMDTreat to estimate: (1) the quantity and cost of caustic chemicals to attain a target pH, (2) the chemical composition of the treated effluent, and (3) the volume of sludge produced by the treatment. The simulated titration results for selected caustic chemicals (NaOH, CaO, Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3, or NH3) without aeration or with pre-aeration can be compared with or used in place of empirical titration data to estimate chemical quantities, treated effluent composition, sludge volume (precipitated metals plus unreacted chemical), and associated treatment costs. This paper describes the development, evaluation, and potential utilization of the PHREEQC titration module with the new AMDTreat 5.0+ computer program available at http://www.amd.osmre.gov/.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Mine Water Association","publisherLocation":"Berlin","doi":"10.1007/s10230-014-0292-6","usgsCitation":"Cravotta, C., Means, B.P., Arthur, W., McKenzie, R.M., and Parkhurst, D.L., 2015, AMDTreat 5.0+ with PHREEQC titration module to compute caustic chemical quantity, effluent quality, and sludge volume: Mine Water and the Environment, v. 34, no. 2, p. 136-152, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-014-0292-6.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"136","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043936","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300543,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555c5eafe4b0a92fa7eacbf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cravotta, Charles A. III 0000-0003-3116-4684 cravotta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3116-4684","contributorId":138829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"Charles A.","suffix":"III","email":"cravotta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Means, Brent P","contributorId":140842,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Means","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"P","affiliations":[{"id":13592,"text":"US Office of Surface Mining","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arthur, Willam","contributorId":140844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arthur","given":"Willam","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13592,"text":"US Office of Surface Mining","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKenzie, Robert M","contributorId":140843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKenzie","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":13592,"text":"US Office of Surface Mining","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70148553,"text":"70148553 - 2015 - From patterns to causal understanding: Structural equation modeling (SEM) in soil ecology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-12T09:27:45","indexId":"70148553","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3024,"text":"Pedobiologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"From patterns to causal understanding: Structural equation modeling (SEM) in soil ecology","docAbstract":"In this perspectives paper we highlight a heretofore underused statistical method in soil ecological research, structural equation modeling (SEM). SEM is commonly used in the general ecological literature to develop causal understanding from observational data, but has been more slowly adopted by soil ecologists. We provide some basic information on the many advantages and possibilities associated with using SEM and provide some examples of how SEM can be used by soil ecologists to shift focus from describing patterns to developing causal understanding and inspiring new types of experimental tests. SEM is a promising tool to aid the growth of soil ecology as a discipline, particularly by supporting research that is increasingly hypothesis-driven and interdisciplinary, thus shining light into the black box of interactions belowground.
","language":"English","publisher":"ScienceDirect","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.pedobi.2015.03.002","usgsCitation":"Eisenhauer, N., Powell, J.R., Grace, J.B., and Bowker, M.A., 2015, From patterns to causal understanding: Structural equation modeling (SEM) in soil ecology: Pedobiologia, v. 58, no. 2-3, p. 65-72, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2015.03.002.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"72","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064082","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2015.03.002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":301181,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"2-3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"557c02cee4b023124e8edf17","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.pedobi.2015.03.002","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2015.03.002","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Eisenhauer Nico, Bowker Matthew A., Grace James B., Powell Jeff R.","journalName":"Pedobiologia","publicationDate":"3/2015","auditedOn":"7/24/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eisenhauer, Nico","contributorId":141161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eisenhauer","given":"Nico","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13699,"text":"German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, Jeff R","contributorId":141162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powell","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":13700,"text":"University of Western Sydney, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bowker, Matthew A. mbowker@usgs.gov","contributorId":2875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowker","given":"Matthew","email":"mbowker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":548611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70148092,"text":"70148092 - 2015 - Landscape characteristics influencing the genetic structure of greater sage-grouse within the stronghold of their range: a holistic modeling approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T15:00:05","indexId":"70148092","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-01T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape characteristics influencing the genetic structure of greater sage-grouse within the stronghold of their range: a holistic modeling approach","docAbstract":"Given the significance of animal dispersal to population dynamics and geographic variability, understanding how dispersal is impacted by landscape patterns has major ecological and conservation importance. Speaking to the importance of dispersal, the use of linear mixed models to compare genetic differentiation with pairwise resistance derived from landscape resistance surfaces has presented new opportunities to disentangle the menagerie of factors behind effective dispersal across a given landscape. Here, we combine these approaches with novel resistance surface parameterization to determine how the distribution of high- and low-quality seasonal habitat and individual landscape components shape patterns of gene flow for the greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) across Wyoming. We found that pairwise resistance derived from the distribution of low-quality nesting and winter, but not summer, seasonal habitat had the strongest correlation with genetic differentiation. Although the patterns were not as strong as with habitat distribution, multivariate models with sagebrush cover and landscape ruggedness or forest cover and ruggedness similarly had a much stronger fit with genetic differentiation than an undifferentiated landscape. In most cases, landscape resistance surfaces transformed with 17.33-km-diameter moving windows were preferred, suggesting small-scale differences in habitat were unimportant at this large spatial extent. Despite the emergence of these overall patterns, there were differences in the selection of top models depending on the model selection criteria, suggesting research into the most appropriate criteria for landscape genetics is required. Overall, our results highlight the importance of differences in seasonal habitat preferences to patterns of gene flow and suggest the combination of habitat suitability modeling and linear mixed models with our resistance parameterization is a powerful approach to discerning the effects of landscape on gene flow.
","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Pub. Ltd.","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1002/ece3.1479","collaboration":"University of Waterloo, BLM, Wyoming Game and FIsh","usgsCitation":"Row, J.R., Oyler-McCance, S.J., Fike, J.A., O’Donnell, M.S., Doherty, K., Aldridge, C.L., Bowen, Z.H., and Fedy, B.C., 2015, Landscape characteristics influencing the genetic structure of greater sage-grouse within the stronghold of their range: a holistic modeling approach: Ecology and Evolution, v. 5, no. 10, p. 1955-1969, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1479.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1955","endPage":"1969","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059469","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1479","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300595,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555db04ee4b0a92fa7eb830d","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/ece3.1479","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1479","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Row Jeffrey R., Oyler-McCance Sara J., Fike Jennifer A., O'Donnell Michael S., Doherty Kevin E., Aldridge Cameron L., Bowen Zachary H., Fedy Bradley C.","journalName":"Ecology and Evolution","publicationDate":"5/2015","auditedOn":"3/17/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Row, Jeff R","contributorId":140874,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Row","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":6655,"text":"University of Waterloo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oyler-McCance, Sara J. 0000-0003-1599-8769 sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1599-8769","contributorId":1973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oyler-McCance","given":"Sara","email":"sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fike, Jennifer A. 0000-0001-8797-7823 fikej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8797-7823","contributorId":140875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fike","given":"Jennifer","email":"fikej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Donnell, Michael S. 0000-0002-3488-003X odonnellm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3488-003X","contributorId":140876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Michael","email":"odonnellm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doherty, Kevin E.","contributorId":62452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doherty","given":"Kevin E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Aldridge, Cameron L. 0000-0003-3926-6941 aldridgec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-6941","contributorId":191773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Cameron","email":"aldridgec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bowen, Zachary H. 0000-0002-8656-1831 bowenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-1831","contributorId":821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Zachary","email":"bowenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fedy, Brad C.","contributorId":140877,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fedy","given":"Brad","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6655,"text":"University of Waterloo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70144914,"text":"sir20155052 - 2015 - Dam-breach analysis and flood-inundation mapping for selected dams in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, and near Atoka, Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-01T09:03:41","indexId":"sir20155052","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-01T08:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5052","title":"Dam-breach analysis and flood-inundation mapping for selected dams in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, and near Atoka, Oklahoma","docAbstract":"Dams provide beneficial functions such as flood control, recreation, and storage of water supplies, but they also entail risk; dam breaches and resultant floods can cause substantial property damage and loss of life. The State of Oklahoma requires each owner of a high-hazard dam, which the Federal Emergency Management Agency defines as dams for which failure or improper operation probably will cause loss of human life, to develop an emergency action plan specific to that dam. Components of an emergency action plan are to simulate a flood resulting from a possible dam breach and map the resulting downstream flood-inundation areas. The resulting flood-inundation maps can provide valuable information to city officials, emergency managers, and local residents for planning an emergency response if a dam breach occurs.
\nThis report presents results of a cooperative study by the U.S. Geological Survey and the City of Oklahoma City to model dam-breach scenarios at 11 dams controlled and operated by Oklahoma City, Okla., and to map the potential flood-inundation areas of such dam breaches. To assist the City of Oklahoma City with completion of the emergency action plans for the 11 dams, the U.S. Geological Survey used light detection and ranging (lidar) elevation data (2004), which produced a 2-foot contour elevation map for the flood plains around Oklahoma City. A 5-meter Digital Terrain Map was used to model the flood plain below Atoka Reservoir in southeastern Oklahoma.
\nDigital-elevation models, field survey measurements, hydraulic data, and hydrologic data (U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations North Canadian River below Lake Overholser near Oklahoma City, Okla. [07241000], and North Canadian River at Britton Road at Oklahoma City, Okla. [07241520]), were used as inputs for the one-dimensional dynamic (unsteady-flow) models using Hydrologic Engineering Centers River Analysis System (HEC–RAS) software. The modeled flood elevations were exported to a geographic information system to produce flood-inundation maps. Water-surface profiles were developed for a 75-percent probable maximum flood dam-breach scenario and a sunny-day dam-breach scenario, as well as for maximum flood-inundation elevations and flood-wave arrival times at selected bridge crossings. Points of interest such as community-services offices, recreational areas, water-treatment plants, and wastewater-treatment plants were identified on the flood-inundation maps.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155052","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma","usgsCitation":"Shivers, M.J., Smith, S.J., Grout, T.S., and Lewis, J.M., 2015, Dam-breach analysis and flood-inundation mapping for selected dams in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, and near Atoka, Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5052, iv, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155052.","productDescription":"iv, 62 p.","numberOfPages":"70","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062194","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300014,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155052.jpg"},{"id":299967,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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Fault zone thickness and master fault dip are strongly correlated with many parameters of rupture zone fabric. Wider fault zones produce progressively wider rupture zones and both of these parameters increase systematically with decreasing dip of master faults, which varies from 20° to 90° in our dataset. Principal scarps that accommodate more than 90% of the total coseismic slip in a given transect are only observed in fault sections with narrow rupture zones (<25 m). As rupture zone thickness increases, the number of scarps in a given transect increases, and the scarp with the greatest relative amount of coseismic slip decreases. Rupture zones in previously undeformed alluvium become wider and have more complex arrangements of secondary fractures with oblique slip compared to those with pure normal dip-slip or pure strike-slip. Field relations and lidar (light detection and ranging) difference models show that as magnitude of coseismic slip increases from 0 to 60 cm, the links between kinematically distinct fracture sets increase systematically to the point of forming a throughgoing principal scarp. Our data indicate that secondary faults and penetrative off-fault strain continue to accommodate the oblique kinematics of coseismic slip after the formation of a thoroughgoing principal scarp. Among the widest rupture zones in the Sierra Cucapah are those developed above buried low angle faults due to the transfer of slip to widely distributed steeper faults, which are mechanically more favorably oriented. The results from this study show that the measureable parameters that define rupture zone fabric allow for testing hypotheses concerning the mechanics and propagation of earthquake ruptures, as well as for siting and designing facilities to be constructed in regions near active faults.
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Minimizing water use at a restoration site could help justify water use to competing users, thereby increasing future water security. Moreover, optimizing water depth for focal species will increase habitat quality and the probability that the restoration is successful. We developed and validated spatial habitat models to optimize water depth within wetland restoration projects along the lower Colorado River intended to benefit California black rails (Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus). We observed a 358% increase in the number of black rails detected in the year after manipulating water depth to maximize the amount of predicted black rail habitat in two wetlands. The number of black rail detections in our restoration sites was similar to those at our reference site. Implementing the optimal water depth in each wetland decreased water use while simultaneously increasing habitat suitability for the focal species. Our results also provide experimental confirmation of past descriptive accounts of black rail habitat preferences and provide explicit water depth recommendations for future wetland restoration efforts for this species of conservation concern; maintain surface water depths between saturated soil and 100 mm. Efforts to optimize water depth in restored wetlands around the world would likely increase the success of wetland restorations for the focal species while simultaneously minimizing and justifying water use.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/rec.12180","usgsCitation":"Nadeau, C.P., and Conway, C.J., 2015, Optimizing water depth for wetland-dependent wildlife could increase wetland restoration success, water efficiency, and water security: Restoration Ecology, v. 23, no. 3, p. 292-300, https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12180.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"292","endPage":"300","ipdsId":"IP-059792","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472119,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12180","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347002,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Imperial National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.50122833251952,\n 32.980948149798444\n ],\n [\n -114.47994232177734,\n 32.980948149798444\n ],\n [\n -114.47994232177734,\n 33.00995906391421\n ],\n [\n -114.50122833251952,\n 33.00995906391421\n ],\n [\n -114.50122833251952,\n 32.980948149798444\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e9b997e4b05fe04cd65cd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nadeau, Christopher P.","contributorId":105956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nadeau","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, Courtney J. 0000-0003-0492-2953 cconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-2953","contributorId":2951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Courtney","email":"cconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70159329,"text":"70159329 - 2015 - Vegetation community response to tidal marsh restoration of a large river estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-26T17:10:45","indexId":"70159329","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vegetation community response to tidal marsh restoration of a large river estuary","docAbstract":"Estuaries are biologically productive and diverse ecosystems that provide ecosystem services including protection of inland areas from flooding, filtering freshwater outflows, and providing habitats for fish and wildlife. Alteration of historic habitats, including diking for agriculture, has decreased the function of many estuarine systems, and recent conservation efforts have been directed at restoring these degraded areas to reestablish their natural resource function. The Nisqually Delta in southern Puget Sound is an estuary that has been highly modified by restricting tidal flow, and recent restoration of the delta contributed to one of the largest tidal salt marsh restorations in the Pacific Northwest. We correlated the response of nine major tidal marsh species to salinities at different elevation zones. Our results indicated that wetland species richness was not related to soil pore-water salinity (R2 = 0.03), but were stratified into different elevation zones (R2 = 0.47). Thus, restoration that fosters a wide range of elevations will provide the most diverse plant habitat, and potentially, the greatest resilience to environmental change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Northwest Scientific Association","doi":"10.3955/046.089.0205","usgsCitation":"Belleveau, L.J., Takekawa, J.Y., Woo, I., Turner, K.L., Barham, J.B., Takekawa, J.E., Ellings, C.S., and Chin-Leo, G., 2015, Vegetation community response to tidal marsh restoration of a large river estuary: Northwest Science, v. 89, no. 2, p. 136-147, https://doi.org/10.3955/046.089.0205.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"136","endPage":"147","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061861","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310321,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Nisqually Delta, Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.84912109375,\n 47.082280017014014\n ],\n [\n -122.84912109375,\n 47.21397145824759\n ],\n [\n -122.58407592773438,\n 47.21397145824759\n ],\n [\n -122.58407592773438,\n 47.082280017014014\n ],\n [\n -122.84912109375,\n 47.082280017014014\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"89","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562a08fbe4b011227bf1fe0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belleveau, Lisa J.","contributorId":149341,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belleveau","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17709,"text":"USGS student, Evergreen State College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":578023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woo, Isa 0000-0002-8447-9236 iwoo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8447-9236","contributorId":2524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woo","given":"Isa","email":"iwoo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Turner, Kelley L.","contributorId":146990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turner","given":"Kelley","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":16767,"text":"WERC, USGS former employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barham, Jesse B.","contributorId":149342,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barham","given":"Jesse","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17710,"text":"Nisqually NWR, USFWS, Olympia, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Takekawa, Jean E.","contributorId":146991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Takekawa","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16768,"text":"USFWS, Nisqually NWR, Olympia, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ellings, Christopher S.","contributorId":149343,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ellings","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":17711,"text":"Dep't Natural Resources, Nisqually Indian Tribe, Olympia, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Chin-Leo, Gerardo","contributorId":149344,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chin-Leo","given":"Gerardo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17712,"text":"Evergreen State College, Olympia, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70184228,"text":"70184228 - 2015 - Characterizing ground motions that collapse steel special moment-resisting frames or make them unrepairable","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-06T11:03:25","indexId":"70184228","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing ground motions that collapse steel special moment-resisting frames or make them unrepairable","docAbstract":"This work applies 64,765 simulated seismic ground motions to four models each of 6- or 20-story, steel special moment-resisting frame buildings. We consider two vector intensity measures and categorize the building response as “collapsed,” “unrepairable,” or “repairable.” We then propose regression models to predict the building responses from the intensity measures. The best models for “collapse” or “unrepairable” use peak ground displacement and velocity as intensity measures, and the best models predicting peak interstory drift ratio, given that the frame model is “repairable,” use spectral acceleration and epsilon (ϵ) as intensity measures. The more flexible frame is always more likely than the stiffer frame to “collapse” or be “unrepairable.” A frame with fracture-prone welds is substantially more susceptible to “collapse” or “unrepairable” damage than the equivalent frame with sound welds. The 20-story frames with fracture-prone welds are more vulnerable to P-delta instability and have a much higher probability of collapse than do any of the 6-story frames.
","language":"English","publisher":"EERI","doi":"10.1193/102612EQS318M","usgsCitation":"Olsen, A.H., Heaton, T.H., and Hall, J.F., 2015, Characterizing ground motions that collapse steel special moment-resisting frames or make them unrepairable: Earthquake Spectra, v. 31, no. 2, p. 813-840, https://doi.org/10.1193/102612EQS318M.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"813","endPage":"840","ipdsId":"IP-051565","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150625-084904354","text":"External Repository"},{"id":336860,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58be833de4b014cc3a3a99ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olsen, Anna H. aolsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":4703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Anna","email":"aolsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heaton, Thomas H.","contributorId":187505,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heaton","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hall, John F.","contributorId":187506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70191691,"text":"70191691 - 2015 - Consequences of actively managing a small Bull Trout population in a fragmented landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-24T13:03:28","indexId":"70191691","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Consequences of actively managing a small Bull Trout population in a fragmented landscape","docAbstract":"Habitat fragmentation, which affects many native salmonid species, is one of the major factors contributing to the declines in distribution and abundance of Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus. Increasingly, managers are considering options to maintain and enhance the persistence of isolated local populations through active management strategies. Understanding the ecological consequences of such actions is a necessary step in conservation planning. We used an individual-based model to evaluate the consequences of an ongoing management program aimed at mitigating the anthropogenic fragmentation of the lower Clark Fork River in Montana. Under this program juvenile Bull Trout are trapped and transported from small, headwater source populations to Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho, for rearing, and adults are subsequently recaptured in their upstream migration and returned to the natal population for spawning. We examined one of these populations and integrated empirical estimates of demographic parameters to simulate different management scenarios where moderate (n = 4) and high (n = 8) numbers of age-2, age-3, or age-4 Bull Trout were removed for transport with variable return rates under both demographic stochasticity and environmental perturbations. Our results indicated the risks from removal with no returns increased substantially when removal totals and age of Bull Trout removed from the simulated population increased. Specifically, removing eight age-3 or age-4 individuals resulted in 26% and 62% reductions in average adult population size, respectively, across simulations. We found the risks of transport were not likely alleviated with low (3%) or moderate (6%) return rates, and there were considerable risks of declines for the source population even when return rates were extremely high (>12%). Our simulations indicated little risk of declines for the source population with removals of age-2 Bull Trout, and any risks were alleviated with low return rates. However, we found higher return rates were particularly beneficial in the presence of large, density-independent perturbations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2015.1007162","usgsCitation":"Al-Chokhachy, R.K., Moran, S., McHugh, P., Bernall, S., Fredenberg, W., and DosSantos, J.M., 2015, Consequences of actively managing a small Bull Trout population in a fragmented landscape: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 144, no. 3, p. 515-531, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2015.1007162.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"515","endPage":"531","ipdsId":"IP-062899","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347234,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Clark Fork River, Cooper Gulch","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.73248291015624,\n 47.344406158662125\n ],\n [\n -115.01861572265624,\n 47.344406158662125\n ],\n [\n -115.01861572265624,\n 48.367198426439465\n ],\n [\n -116.73248291015624,\n 48.367198426439465\n ],\n [\n -116.73248291015624,\n 47.344406158662125\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"144","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f05124e4b0220bbd9a1db1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Al-Chokhachy, Robert K. 0000-0002-2136-5098 ral-chokhachy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2136-5098","contributorId":1674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Al-Chokhachy","given":"Robert","email":"ral-chokhachy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moran, Sean","contributorId":197260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moran","given":"Sean","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McHugh, Peter","contributorId":12313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bernall, Shana","contributorId":197261,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernall","given":"Shana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fredenberg, Wade","contributorId":197262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fredenberg","given":"Wade","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"DosSantos, Joseph M.","contributorId":197263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DosSantos","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70191815,"text":"70191815 - 2015 - Life-stage-specific physiology defines invasion extent of a riverine fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-18T10:54:22","indexId":"70191815","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Life-stage-specific physiology defines invasion extent of a riverine fish","docAbstract":"Fish otolith growth increments were used as indices of annual production at nine nearshore sites within the Alaska Coastal Current (downwelling region) and California Current (upwelling region) systems (~36–60°N). Black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) and kelp greenling (Hexagrammos decagrammus) were identified as useful indicators in pelagic and benthic nearshore food webs, respectively. To examine the support for bottom-up limitations, common oceanographic indices of production [sea surface temperature (SST), upwelling, and chlorophyll-a concentration] during summer (April–September) were compared to spatial and temporal differences in fish growth using linear mixed models. The relationship between pelagic black rockfish growth and SST was positive in the cooler Alaska Coastal Current and negative in the warmer California Current. These contrasting growth responses to SST among current systems are consistent with the optimal stability window hypothesis in which pelagic production is maximized at intermediate levels of water column stability. Increased growth rates of black rockfish were associated with higher chlorophyll concentrations in the California Current only, but black rockfish growth was unrelated to the upwelling index in either current system. Benthic kelp greenling growth rates were positively associated with warmer temperatures and relaxation of downwelling (upwelling index near zero) in the Alaska Coastal Current, while none of the oceanographic indices were related to their growth in the California Current. Overall, our results are consistent with bottom-up forcing of nearshore marine ecosystems—light and nutrients constrain primary production in pelagic food webs, and temperature constrains benthic food webs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00227-015-2645-5","usgsCitation":"von Biela, V.R., Kruse, G.H., Mueter, F.J., Black, B.A., Douglas, D.C., Helser, T.E., and Zimmerman, C.E., 2015, Evidence of bottom-up limitations in nearshore marine systems based on otolith proxies of fish growth: Marine Biology, v. 162, no. 5, p. 1019-1031, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-015-2645-5.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1019","endPage":"1031","ipdsId":"IP-057775","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352357,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"162","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afeebbee4b0da30c1bfc67b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"von Biela, Vanessa R. 0000-0002-7139-5981 vvonbiela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7139-5981","contributorId":3104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Biela","given":"Vanessa","email":"vvonbiela@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kruse, Gordon H.","contributorId":187450,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kruse","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mueter, Franz J.","contributorId":131144,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mueter","given":"Franz","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Black, Bryan A.","contributorId":68448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Black","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12430,"text":"University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Helser, Thomas E.","contributorId":203203,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helser","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36580,"text":"Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zimmerman, Christian E. 0000-0002-3646-0688 czimmerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-0688","contributorId":410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Christian","email":"czimmerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70187761,"text":"70187761 - 2015 - Using Landsat imagery to detect, monitor, and project net landscape change ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T12:52:24","indexId":"70187761","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":696,"text":"All Bird Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using Landsat imagery to detect, monitor, and project net landscape change ","docAbstract":"Detailed landscape information is a necessary component to bird habitat conservation planning. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center has been providing information on the Earth’s surface for over 40 years via the continuous series of Landsat satellites. In addition to operating, processing, and disseminating satellite images, EROS is the home to nationwide and global landscape mapping, monitoring, and projection products, including:
The Pliocene Epoch (5.2 to 2.58 Ma) has often been targeted to investigate the nature of warm climates. However, climate records for the Pliocene exhibit significant variability and show intervals that apparently experienced a cooler than modern climate. Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) M2 (~ 3.3 Ma) is a globally recognisable cooling event that disturbs an otherwise relatively (compared to present-day) warm background climate state. It remains unclear whether this event corresponds to significant ice sheet build-up in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere. Estimates of sea level for this interval vary, and range from modern values to estimates of 65 m sea level fall with respect to present day. Here we implement plausible M2 ice sheet configurations into a coupled atmosphere–ocean climate model to test the hypothesis that larger-than-modern ice sheet configurations may have existed at M2. Climate model results are compared with proxy climate data available for M2 to assess the plausibility of each ice sheet configuration. Whilst the outcomes of our data/model comparisons are not in all cases straight forward to interpret, there is little indication that results from model simulations in which significant ice masses have been prescribed in the Northern Hemisphere are incompatible with proxy data from the North Atlantic, Northeast Arctic Russia, North Africa and the Southern Ocean. Therefore, our model results do not preclude the possibility of the existence of larger ice masses during M2 in the Northern or Southern Hemisphere. Specifically they are not able to discount the possibility of significant ice masses in the Northern Hemisphere during the M2 event, consistent with a global sea-level fall of between 40 m and 60 m. This study highlights the general need for more focused and coordinated data generation in the future to improve the coverage and consistency in proxy records for M2, which will allow these and future M2 sensitivity tests to be interrogated further.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.02.001","usgsCitation":"Dolan, A.M., Haywood, A.M., Hunter, S.J., Tindall, J.C., Dowsett, H.J., Hill, D.J., and Pickering, S.J., 2015, Modelling the enigmatic Late Pliocene Glacial Event - Marine Isotope Stage M2: Global and Planetary Change, v. 128, p. 47-60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.02.001.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"60","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062746","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.02.001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":308499,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"128","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56051edbe4b058f706e512f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dolan, Aisling M.","contributorId":30117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolan","given":"Aisling","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haywood, Alan M.","contributorId":86663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haywood","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunter, Stephen J.","contributorId":55711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tindall, Julia C.","contributorId":147376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tindall","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13344,"text":"University of Leeds","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dowsett, Harry J. 0000-0003-1983-7524 hdowsett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"Harry","email":"hdowsett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hill, Daniel J.","contributorId":80993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pickering, Steven J.","contributorId":147378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pickering","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13344,"text":"University of Leeds","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70190555,"text":"70190555 - 2015 - Intertidal biological indicators of coseismic subsidence during the Mw 7.8 Haida Gwaii, Canada, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-07T12:05:54","indexId":"70190555","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Intertidal biological indicators of coseismic subsidence during the Mw 7.8 Haida Gwaii, Canada, earthquake","title":"Intertidal biological indicators of coseismic subsidence during the Mw 7.8 Haida Gwaii, Canada, earthquake","docAbstract":"The 28 October 2012 Mw 7.8 Haida Gwaii earthquake was a megathrust earthquake along the very obliquely convergent Queen Charlotte margin of British Columbia, Canada. Coseismic deformation is not well constrained by geodesy, with only six Global Positioning System (GPS) sites and two tide gauge stations within 250 km of the rupture area. To better constrain vertical coseismic deformation, we measured the upper growth limits of two sessile intertidal organisms, which are controlled by physical conditions, relative to sea level at 25 sites 5 months after the earthquake. We measured the positions of rockweed (Fucus distichus, 617 observations) and the common acorn barnacle (Balanus balanoides, 686 observations). The study focused on the western side of the islands where rupture models indicated that the greatest amount of vertical displacement, but we also investigated sites well away from the inferred rupture area to provide a control on the upper limit of the organisms unaffected by vertical displacement. We also made 322 measurements of sea level to relate the growth limits to a tidal datum using the TPXO7.2 tidal model, rather than ellipsoid heights determined by GPS. Three methods of examining the data all indicate 0.4–0.6 m subsidence along the western coast of Moresby Island as a result of the 28 October 2012 Haida Gwaii earthquake. Our data are, within the errors, consistent with data from two campaign GPS sites along the west coast of Haida Gwaii and with rupture models that indicate megathrust rupture offshore, but not beneath, the islands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of Amercia","doi":"10.1785/0120140197","usgsCitation":"Haeussler, P.J., Witter, R., and Wang, K., 2015, Intertidal biological indicators of coseismic subsidence during the Mw 7.8 Haida Gwaii, Canada, earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 105, no. 2B, p. 1265-1279, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120140197.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1265","endPage":"1279","ipdsId":"IP-061096","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345541,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","volume":"105","issue":"2B","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b25b01e4b020cdf7db1fc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Witter, Robert C. 0000-0002-1721-254X rwitter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1721-254X","contributorId":4528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witter","given":"Robert C.","email":"rwitter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, Kelin","contributorId":194791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Kelin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}