The Troublesome Roadless Area is composed of six tracts of land and contains 2,943 acres (fig. 1). The largest tract of the study area, located 13 mi southwest of Stearns, Ky., is accessible from that town via State Route 92 to Hill Top, and . then southwestwatd along country roads. Unimproved Forest Service roads, abandoned logging roads, and primitive trails provide access by foot or horseback into the interior of each tract of the study area.
Physiographically, the Troublesome Roadless Area is in the Cumberland Plateau section of the Appalachian Plateaus Province and is near the western edge of the Appalachian coal region. The topography is typical of the Cumberland Plateau section, characterized by irregular, narrow-crested ridges, deep narrow canyons, and a dendritic drainage pattern. Troublesome Creek, a small tributary of the South Fork of the Cumberland River, is the source of the area name (fig. 2). Altitudes range from about 1,600 ft on Laurel Ridge in the largest tract to approximately 800 ft along the South Fork of the Cumberland River.
Field investigations by personnel of the U.S. Geological Survey consisted of reconnaissance geologic studies and data collecting, including the measurement of stratigraphic sections and the mapping of poorly exposed coal beds and resistant sandstone units. Additional subsurface information was obtained by studying and interpreting the logs of several coreholes drilled near the study area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1341A","usgsCitation":"Sigleo, W.R., and Randall, A.H., 1981, Geologic map of the Troublesome Roadless Area, McCreary County, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1341, 1 Plate: 32.14 x 21.74 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1341A.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 32.14 x 21.74 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180269,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1341-A/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":358633,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1341-A/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":496033,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_6985.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","county":"McCreary County","otherGeospatial":"Troublesome Roadless Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.75,\n 36.5833\n ],\n [\n -84.75,\n 36.667\n ],\n [\n -84.5833,\n 36.667\n ],\n [\n -84.5833,\n 36.5833\n ],\n [\n -84.75,\n 36.5833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a398","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sigleo, W. R.","contributorId":74070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sigleo","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Randall, A. H.","contributorId":7564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"A.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":7707,"text":"ofr811083 - 1981 - Geophysical data acquisition in remote environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:07","indexId":"ofr811083","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1083","title":"Geophysical data acquisition in remote environments","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr811083","usgsCitation":"Ambuter, B.P., and Davis, R.E., 1981, Geophysical data acquisition in remote environments: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1083, ii, 28 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811083.","productDescription":"ii, 28 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141418,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1083/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":35171,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1083/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c21a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ambuter, Bruce P.","contributorId":40218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ambuter","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, Ray E.","contributorId":14821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Ray","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":7745,"text":"ofr81247 - 1981 - Geology of the southeastern Stansbury Mountains and southern Onaqui Mountains, Tooele County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:13","indexId":"ofr81247","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-247","title":"Geology of the southeastern Stansbury Mountains and southern Onaqui Mountains, Tooele County, Utah","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81247","usgsCitation":"Armin, R.A., and Moore, W., 1981, Geology of the southeastern Stansbury Mountains and southern Onaqui Mountains, Tooele County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-247, ii, 31 p., 2 over-size sheets, scale 48,000 ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81247.","productDescription":"ii, 31 p., 2 over-size sheets, scale 48,000 ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142010,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0247/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":35204,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0247/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":35205,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0247/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":35206,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0247/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"48000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c787","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armin, Richard A.","contributorId":43767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armin","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, William J.","contributorId":30983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"William J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":7064,"text":"ofr81449_vol1 - 1981 - Comparison of radon monitoring techniques, the effects of thermoelastic strains on subsurface radon, and the development of a computer-operated radon-monitoring network for earthquake prediction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:06","indexId":"ofr81449_vol1","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-449","title":"Comparison of radon monitoring techniques, the effects of thermoelastic strains on subsurface radon, and the development of a computer-operated radon-monitoring network for earthquake prediction","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81449_vol1","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, M.H., Melvin, J., Tombrello, T., Mendenhall, M., Larson, P., and Whitcomb, J., 1981, Comparison of radon monitoring techniques, the effects of thermoelastic strains on subsurface radon, and the development of a computer-operated radon-monitoring network for earthquake prediction (Volume 1): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-449, 2 v. 84 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81449_vol1.","productDescription":"2 v. 84 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0449/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":20127,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0449/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Volume 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae1e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, Mark H.","contributorId":65847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melvin, J.D.","contributorId":14403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melvin","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tombrello, T.A.","contributorId":13232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tombrello","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mendenhall, M.H.","contributorId":92663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendenhall","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Larson, P.B.","contributorId":88729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Whitcomb, J.H.","contributorId":69142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitcomb","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":8765,"text":"ofr811091 - 1981 - Fortran computer programs for running median filters and a general despiker","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:14","indexId":"ofr811091","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1091","title":"Fortran computer programs for running median filters and a general despiker","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr811091","usgsCitation":"Evans, J.R., 1981, Fortran computer programs for running median filters and a general despiker: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1091, 19 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811091.","productDescription":"19 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1091/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36333,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1091/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49cee4b07f02db5d9fda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, John R. jrevans@usgs.gov","contributorId":529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"John","email":"jrevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":158290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":56624,"text":"fwsobs79_48_3_5 - 1981 - A handbook for meeting fish and wildlife information needs to surface mine coal-OSM Region V","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:06","indexId":"fwsobs79_48_3_5","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"79/48.3.5","title":"A handbook for meeting fish and wildlife information needs to surface mine coal-OSM Region V","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Hinkle, C.R., Ambrose, R.E., and Wenzel, C.R., 1981, A handbook for meeting fish and wildlife information needs to surface mine coal-OSM Region V: FWS/OBS 79/48.3.5, 1 v. (loose-leaf) : ill.; 29 cm.","productDescription":"1 v. (loose-leaf) : ill.; 29 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae4de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinkle, Charles R.","contributorId":23192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkle","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ambrose, Richard E.","contributorId":89198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ambrose","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wenzel, Calvin R.","contributorId":83980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wenzel","given":"Calvin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":42465,"text":"ofr811076 - 1981 - Reconnaissance geologic map of parts of the Gold Hill, Ruch, Medford, and Talent 15' quadrangles, southwestern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-08T22:50:12.023677","indexId":"ofr811076","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1076","title":"Reconnaissance geologic map of parts of the Gold Hill, Ruch, Medford, and Talent 15' quadrangles, southwestern Oregon","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr811076","usgsCitation":"Blair, W.N., Wong, A., Moring, B.C., Barnard, J.B., Page, N., and Gray, F., 1981, Reconnaissance geologic map of parts of the Gold Hill, Ruch, Medford, and Talent 15' quadrangles, southwestern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1076, 1 Plate: 31.51 × 36.51 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811076.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 31.51 × 36.51 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":135382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":80229,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1076/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":108094,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_11880.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"11880"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Gold Hill, Ruch, Medford, and Talent 15' quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.167, \n 42\n ],\n [\n -122.75,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -122.75,\n 42.417\n ],\n [\n -123.167,\n 42.417\n ],\n [\n -123.167,\n 42\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a73e4b07f02db64379b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blair, Will N.","contributorId":56623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blair","given":"Will","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wong, Albert","contributorId":36107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Albert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moring, B. C.","contributorId":91462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moring","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnard, J. B.","contributorId":21931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Page, N.J.","contributorId":38125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"N.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gray, Floyd 0000-0002-0223-8966 fgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0223-8966","contributorId":603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Floyd","email":"fgray@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":226544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":69588,"text":"i1393 - 1981 - Controlled photomosaic of the Noachis Southeast quadrangle of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:49","indexId":"i1393","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1393","title":"Controlled photomosaic of the Noachis Southeast quadrangle of Mars","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i1393","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Controlled photomosaic of the Noachis Southeast quadrangle of Mars: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1393, 1 map ; 25 x 60 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i1393.","productDescription":"1 map ; 25 x 60 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":261199,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1393/plate-1.pdf"}],"scale":"2000000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db68677d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":7618,"text":"ofr8170 - 1981 - Water resources of the Clarion River and Redbank Creek basins, northwestern Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-07T08:31:40","indexId":"ofr8170","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-70","title":"Water resources of the Clarion River and Redbank Creek basins, northwestern Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The Clarion River and Redbank Creek basin occupy 1,280 and 545 square miles, respectively, in northwatern Pennsylvania. The area is mostly in Clerion, Elk, and Jefferson Counties and is approximately 70 miles long and 30 miles wide. All drainage is to the Allegheny River.\r\n\r\n Sedimentary rocks of Late Devionian Early Mississippian, and Pennsylvanian age underlie the area. Rocks of Late Devonian age underlie the entire area and crop out in the deep stream valleys in the north. Lower Mississippian rocks generally crop out in strips along major stream valleys; the strips are narrow in the south and broaden northward. Pennsylvanian rocks cover most of the interfluvial areas between major streams. The Upper Devonian and Lower Mississippian rocks are composed mostly of alternating sandstone and shale. Sandstone may intertongue laterally with shale. The Pennsylvanian rocks are most heterogeneous and contain many commercial coal beds. \r\n\r\n The major mineral resources are bituminous coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Narly all coal production is from strip mining in Clarion, Elk, and Jefferson Counties. Total coal production exceeded 8 million short tons in 1976. The basins are south and east of the major oil-producing regions in Pennsylvania, but more than 50,000 barrels of crude oil were produced here in 1975. Commercial quantities of natural gas are also obtained. \r\n\r\n Thirty-three public water-supply systems furnish about two-thirds of the water for domestic use. Surface water is the source of about 90 percent of public-supply water. The remainder is from wells and springs. \r\n\r\n In an average year, 64 percent of the precipitation in the Clarion River basin and 60 percent in the Redbank Creek basin leave the area as streamflow. The percentage of annuual discharge from each basin that is base runoff averaged 53 and 51 percent, respectively, during 1972-75. Only 4 of 10 stream-gaging stations recorded an average 10-year, 7-consecutive day low flow of at least 0.15 cubic feet per second per square mile. \r\n\r\n Most wells are completed on bedrock. Yields of bedrock wells are affected mostly by rock type, type of overburden, topography, depth of water-bearing zones, and by the rate and duration of pumping. Water in the bedrock occurs chiefly along fractures and bedding planes. Most wells get water from several zones. Yielding zones occur less frequently as depth increases, but are reported as much as 400 feet below land surface. Optimum well depth is about 350 feet. \r\n\r\n Well yields range from less than 1 to more than 550 gallons per minute. The best bedrock aquifers are the Lower Mississippian rocks, which have a median specific capacity of 4.3 gallons per minute per foot of drawdown compared to median between 0.38 and 0.67 in the Conemaugh, Allegheny, and Pottsville Groups. \r\n\r\n The major water-qualitty problems are due to high concentrations of iron, manganese, hardness, and acidity. Some of these problems are related to coal mining that has degraded water quality in parts of Clarion, Clearfield, Elk, and Jefferson Counties. Water-quality problems result from the rock composition. Many streams have low alkalinity concentrations and, consequently, have little capacity to neutralize the acid water from coal mines. Large forested areas, with little development, in Elk, Forest, and Jefferson Counties, have good quality water. The water from over three-quarters of the bedrock wells sampled has dissolved-solids concentratins less than 250 milligrams per liter. Water from aqufers of Pennsylvanian age is generally lower in dissolved solids than that from Lower Mississippian aquifers. Salt water is not a problem, except locally in Devonian rocks. \r\n\r\n Water from wells on hilltops is generally of better quality than that from wells in valleys (median dissolved solids 140 versus 340 millgrams per liter). In many valleys in Clarion and Jefferson Counties, old abandoned flowing oil and gas wells contribute high","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr8170","usgsCitation":"Buckwalter, T.F., Dodge, C., Schiner, G., and Koester, H., 1981, Water resources of the Clarion River and Redbank Creek basins, northwestern Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-70, 125 p. :ill. ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8170.","productDescription":"125 p. :ill. ;26 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":140094,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0070/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":35106,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0070/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602dd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buckwalter, Theodore F.","contributorId":90719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckwalter","given":"Theodore","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dodge, C.H.","contributorId":42204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodge","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schiner, G. R.","contributorId":85175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiner","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Koester, H.F.","contributorId":83516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koester","given":"H.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":11441,"text":"ofr81681 - 1981 - Computer simulation of the steady-state flow system of the Tertiary limestone (Floridan) aquifer system in east-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:33","indexId":"ofr81681","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-681","title":"Computer simulation of the steady-state flow system of the Tertiary limestone (Floridan) aquifer system in east-central Florida","docAbstract":"The predevelopment steady-state ground-water flow system for 13 ,700 square miles of the Tertiary limestone aquifer system (known as the Florida aquifer in Florida) in east-central Florida is simulated by means of a digital computer model. The model results indicate that about 1,900 cubic feet per second recharges the aquifer as downward leakage from the surficial aquifer. The average recharge rate where recharge actually occurs (approximately 6,550 square miles) is about 4 inches per year. The maximum recharge rate is about 14 inches per year. An additional 21 cubic feet per second is recharged to the modeled area of the aquifer by means of lateral boundary inflow along the northeast boundary. The Floridan aquifer system, as simulated, discharges 1,300 cubic feet per second as springflow, 540 cubic feet per second as diffuse upward leakage to the surficial aquifer in an area of approximately 7,150 square miles and 81 cubic feet per second as lateral boundary outflow to the southwest and to the east. The average transmissivity of the upper unit of the aquifer, as simulated, is about 120,000 square feet per day while that for the lower unit is about 60,000 square feet per day. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81681","usgsCitation":"Tibbals, C.H., 1981, Computer simulation of the steady-state flow system of the Tertiary limestone (Floridan) aquifer system in east-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-681, v, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81681.","productDescription":"v, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145020,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39290,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39291,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39292,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39293,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39294,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39295,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39296,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39297,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39298,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7667","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tibbals, C. H.","contributorId":76316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tibbals","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":42473,"text":"ofr81663 - 1981 - Section C-C'; subsurface correlations of some Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks, northern Green River basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:03","indexId":"ofr81663","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-663","title":"Section C-C'; subsurface correlations of some Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks, northern Green River basin, Wyoming","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr81663","usgsCitation":"Law, B.E., 1981, Section C-C'; subsurface correlations of some Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks, northern Green River basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-663, 9 correlation charts ;on sheet 269 x 107 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81663.","productDescription":"9 correlation charts ;on sheet 269 x 107 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":135411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":80235,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0663/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc19a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Law, B. E.","contributorId":17586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Law","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":40829,"text":"ofr82118 - 1981 - Potentiometric surface of the Floridan aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity, Florida, September 1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-13T14:47:02.238855","indexId":"ofr82118","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-118","title":"Potentiometric surface of the Floridan aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity, Florida, September 1981","docAbstract":"This map presents the potentiometric surface of the Floridan acquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity for September 1981. The Floridan acquifer is the principal source of potable water in the area. Water-level measurements were made on approximately 1,000 wells and on several springs. The potentiometric surface is shown mostly by 5-foot contour intervals. In the Fernandina Beach area 20- and 40-foot intervals are used to show a deep cone of depression. The potentiometric surface ranged from 134 feet above NGVD (National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929) in Polk County to 90 feet below NGVD in Nassau County. Record low water levels for September were recorded in many counties due to lack of rainfall. September 1981 levels were as much as 10 feet and commonly 2 to 3 feet lower than the below normal September 1980 levels. Water levels rose from September 1980 levels on the coastline at St. Augustine and from Flagler Beach south to New Smyrna Beach.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr82118","usgsCitation":"Schiner, G.R., and Hayes, E.C., 1981, Potentiometric surface of the Floridan aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity, Florida, September 1981: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-118, 1 Plate: 26.30 x 45.08 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr82118.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 26.30 x 45.08 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420762,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75618.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":78703,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0118/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":170881,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.75,\n 30.8272\n ],\n [\n -82.75,\n 26.9667\n ],\n [\n -80.0167,\n 26.9667\n ],\n [\n -80.0167,\n 30.8272\n ],\n [\n -82.75,\n 30.8272\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db682fcc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schiner, George R.","contributorId":22743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiner","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":224000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, E. C.","contributorId":47836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":224001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":40833,"text":"ofr811006 - 1981 - Potentiometric surface of the Floridan Aquifer, Southwest Florida Water Management District, May 1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:49","indexId":"ofr811006","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1006","title":"Potentiometric surface of the Floridan Aquifer, Southwest Florida Water Management District, May 1981","docAbstract":"A May 1981 potentiometric-surface map of the Southwest Florida Water Management District depicts the annual low water-level period. Potentiometric levels decreased 10 to 45 feet between September 1980 and May 1981 in the citrus and farming sections of southern Hillsborough, northern Hardee, southwestern Polk, northwestern DeSoto, and Manatee Counties. Water levels in these areas are widely affected by pumping for irrigation and have the greatest range in fluctuations. Water-level decreases ranged from 0 to 1 feet in coastal, northern, and southern areas of the Water Management District. Water levels in all of the approximate 700 wells measured in May 1981 are lower than May 1980 because of the virtual absence of rainfall in April and May. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr811006","usgsCitation":"Yobbi, D.K., Woodham, W.M., and Schiner, G.R., 1981, Potentiometric surface of the Floridan Aquifer, Southwest Florida Water Management District, May 1981: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1006, 1 map ;79 x 55 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811006.","productDescription":"1 map ;79 x 55 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":170974,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":78705,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1006/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bb6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yobbi, D. K.","contributorId":56622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yobbi","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":224013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodham, W. M.","contributorId":72356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodham","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":224014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schiner, George R.","contributorId":22743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiner","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":224012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":10694,"text":"ofr81289 - 1981 - Continuous monitoring and interpretation of crustal velocity changes near Palmdale, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:30","indexId":"ofr81289","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-289","title":"Continuous monitoring and interpretation of crustal velocity changes near Palmdale, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81289","usgsCitation":"Phinney, R.A., and Leary, P., 1981, Continuous monitoring and interpretation of crustal velocity changes near Palmdale, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-289, 7 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81289.","productDescription":"7 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0289/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38510,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0289/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699e27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phinney, Robert A.","contributorId":52583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phinney","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leary, P.C.","contributorId":45320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leary","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3021,"text":"wsp2177 - 1981 - Hydrologic effects of stress-relief fracturing in an Appalachian Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:45","indexId":"wsp2177","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2177","title":"Hydrologic effects of stress-relief fracturing in an Appalachian Valley","docAbstract":"A hydrologic study at Twin Falls State Park, Wyoming County, West Virginia, was made to determine how fracture systems affect the occurrence and movement of ground water in a typical valley of the Appalachian Plateaus Physiographic Province. Twin Falls was selected because it is generally unaffected by factors that would complicate an analysis of the data. The study area was the Black Fork Valley at Twin Falls. The valley is about 3 miles long and 400 to 600 feet wide and is cut into massive sandstone units interbedded with thin coal and shale beds. The study was made to determine how aquifer characteristics were related to fracture systems in this valley, so that the relation could be applied to studies of other valleys. \r\n\r\nTwo sites were selected for test drilling, pumping tests, and geophysical studies. One site is in the upper part of the valley, and the second is near the lower central part. At both sites, ground water occurs mainly in horizontal bedding-plane fractures under the valley floor and in nearly vertical and horizontal slump fractures along the valley wall. The aquifer is under confined conditions under the valley floor and unconfined conditions along the valley wall. The fractures pinch out under the valley walls, which form impermeable barriers. Tests of wells near the valley center indicated a change in storage coefficient as the cone of depression caused by pumping reached the confined-unconfined boundaries; the tests also indicated barrier-image effects when the cone reached the impermeable boundaries. Drawdown from pumping near the center of the valley affected water levels at both sites, indicating a hydraulic connection from the upper to the lower end of the valley. Stream gain-and-loss studies show that ground water discharges to the stream from horizontal fractures beneath Black Fork Falls, near the mouth of Black Fork. The fracture systems that constitute most of the transmissive part of the aquifer at Twin Falls are like those described as being formed from stress relief. As stress-relief fractures have been described in other valleys of the Appalachian Plateaus, the same aquifer conditions may exist in those valleys.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2177","usgsCitation":"Wyrick, G.G., and Borchers, J.W., 1981, Hydrologic effects of stress-relief fracturing in an Appalachian Valley: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2177, vii, 51 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2177.","productDescription":"vii, 51 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2177/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29851,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2177/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db606ff8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wyrick, Granville G.","contributorId":67493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wyrick","given":"Granville","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Borchers, James W.","contributorId":25931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borchers","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":46510,"text":"ofr81602 - 1981 - Lignite geology of the Keene area, McKenzie County, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:38","indexId":"ofr81602","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-602","title":"Lignite geology of the Keene area, McKenzie County, North Dakota","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr81602","usgsCitation":"Spencer, J.M., 1981, Lignite geology of the Keene area, McKenzie County, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-602, 7 maps ;96 x 78 cm. +correlation section on sheet 35 x 83 cm. and 1 text (ii, 8 leaves ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81602.","productDescription":"7 maps ;96 x 78 cm. +correlation section on sheet 35 x 83 cm. and 1 text (ii, 8 leaves ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0602/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":83453,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0602/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":83454,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0602/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":83455,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0602/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":83456,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0602/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":83457,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0602/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":83458,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0602/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":83459,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0602/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":83460,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0602/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":83461,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0602/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a535f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spencer, John M.","contributorId":79883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":233473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}