{"pageNumber":"548","pageRowStart":"13675","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68919,"records":[{"id":70118536,"text":"70118536 - 2014 - Changing amounts and sources of moisture in the U.S. southwest since the Last Glacial Maximum in response to global climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T10:58:29","indexId":"70118536","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-29T10:49:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changing amounts and sources of moisture in the U.S. southwest since the Last Glacial Maximum in response to global climate change","docAbstract":"The U.S. southwest has a limited water supply and is predicted to become drier in the 21st century. An improved understanding of factors controlling moisture sources and availability is aided by reconstruction of past responses to global climate change. New stable isotope and growth-rate records for a central Texas speleothem indicate a strong influence of Gulf of Mexico (GoM) moisture and increased precipitation from 15.5 to 13.5 ka, which includes the majority of the Bølling–Allerød warming (BA: 14.7–12.9 ka). Coeval speleothem records from 900 and 1200 km to the west allow reconstruction of regional moisture sources and atmospheric circulation. The combined isotope and growth-rate time series indicates 1) increased GoM moisture input during the majority of the BA, producing greater precipitation in Texas and New Mexico; and 2) a retreat of GoM moisture during Younger Dryas cooling (12.9–11.5 ka), reducing precipitation. These results portray how late-Pleistocene atmospheric circulation and moisture distribution in this region responded to global changes, providing information to improve models of future climate.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2014.05.046","usgsCitation":"Feng, W., Hardt, B.F., Banner, J., Meyer, K.J., James, E.W., Musgrove, M., Edwards, R., Cheng, H., and Min, A., 2014, Changing amounts and sources of moisture in the U.S. southwest since the Last Glacial Maximum in response to global climate change: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 401, p. 47-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.05.046.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-040447","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291275,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291258,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.05.046"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125.82,18.9 ], [ -125.82,45.18 ], [ -83.98,45.18 ], [ -83.98,18.9 ], [ -125.82,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"401","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f097e4b0bc0bec09f867","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feng, Weimin","contributorId":36470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feng","given":"Weimin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hardt, Benjamin F. bhardt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardt","given":"Benjamin","email":"bhardt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":496936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Banner, Jay L.","contributorId":58200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banner","given":"Jay L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, Kevin J.","contributorId":54129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"James, Eric W.","contributorId":93405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Musgrove, MaryLynn","contributorId":34878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"MaryLynn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Edwards, R. Lawrence","contributorId":55752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"R. Lawrence","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cheng, Hai","contributorId":85896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Hai","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Min, Angela","contributorId":68664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Min","given":"Angela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70117686,"text":"ofr20131170G - 2014 - SAFRR tsunami scenario: Impacts on California ecosystems, species, marine natural resources, and fisheries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-03T15:42:59.086013","indexId":"ofr20131170G","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-29T08:18:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1170","chapter":"G","title":"SAFRR tsunami scenario: Impacts on California ecosystems, species, marine natural resources, and fisheries","docAbstract":"<p>We evaluate the effects of the SAFRR Tsunami Scenario on California’s ecosystems, species, natural resources, and fisheries. We discuss mitigation and preparedness approaches that can be useful in Tsunami planning. The chapter provides an introduction to the role of ecosystems and natural resources in tsunami events (Section 1). A separate section focuses on specific impacts of the SAFRR Tsunami Scenario on California’s ecosystems and endangered species (Section 2). A section on commercial fisheries and the fishing fleet (Section 3) documents the plausible effects on California’s commercial fishery resources, fishing fleets, and communities. Sections 2 and 3 each include practical preparedness options for communities and suggestions on information needs or research.</p><p>Our evaluation indicates that many low-lying coastal habitats, including beaches, marshes and sloughs, rivers and waterways connected to the sea, as well as nearshore submarine habitats will be damaged by the SAFRR Tsunami Scenario. Beach erosion and complex or high volumes of tsunami-generated debris would pose major challenges for ecological communities. Several endangered species and protected areas are at risk. Commercial fisheries and fishing fleets will be affected directly by the tsunami and indirectly by dependencies on infrastructure that is damaged. There is evidence that in some areas intact ecosystems, notably sand dunes, will act as natural defenses against the tsunami waves. However, ecosystems do not provide blanket protection against tsunami surge. The consequences of ecological and natural resource damage are estimated in the millions of dollars. These costs are driven partly by the loss of ecosystem services, as well as cumulative and follow-on impacts where, for example, increased erosion during the tsunami can in turn lead to subsequent damage and loss to coastal properties. Recovery of ecosystems, natural resources and fisheries is likely to be lengthy and expensive. Preparedness is key to enhancing resilience to ecological impacts.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) tsunami scenario","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131170G","collaboration":"This report is Chapter G in <i>The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario</i>. For more information, see: <a href=\"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20131170\" target=\"_blank\">Open-File Report 2013-1170</a>.","usgsCitation":"Brosnan, D., Wein, A., and Wilson, R., 2014, SAFRR tsunami scenario: Impacts on California ecosystems, species, marine natural resources, and fisheries: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1170, vi, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131170G.","productDescription":"vi, 60 p.","numberOfPages":"72","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050852","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291240,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131170G.jpg"},{"id":291233,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/g/"},{"id":291239,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/g/pdf/ofr2013-1170g.pdf"}],"country":"United 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Deborah","contributorId":97747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brosnan","given":"Deborah","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wein, Anne 0000-0002-5516-3697 awein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5516-3697","contributorId":589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wein","given":"Anne","email":"awein@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Rick","contributorId":12766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Rick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70114209,"text":"sir20145107 - 2014 - Occurrence and transport of nitrogen in the Big Sunflower River, northwestern Mississippi, October 2009-June 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T08:14:25","indexId":"sir20145107","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-28T16:29:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5107","title":"Occurrence and transport of nitrogen in the Big Sunflower River, northwestern Mississippi, October 2009-June 2011","docAbstract":"<p>The Big Sunflower River Basin, located within the Yazoo River Basin, is subject to large annual inputs of nitrogen from agriculture, atmospheric deposition, and point sources. Understanding how nutrients are transported in, and downstream from, the Big Sunflower River is key to quantifying their eutrophying effects on the Gulf. Recent results from two Spatially Referenced Regressions on Watershed attributes (SPARROW models), which include the Big Sunflower River, indicate minimal losses of nitrogen in stream reaches typical of the main channels of major river systems. If SPARROW assumptions of relatively conservative transport of nitrogen are correct and surface-water losses through the bed of the Big Sunflower River are negligible, then options for managing nutrient loads to the Gulf of Mexico may be limited. Simply put, if every pound of nitrogen entering the Delta is eventually delivered to the Gulf, then the only effective nutrient management option in the Delta is to reduce inputs. If, on the other hand, it can be shown that processes within river channels of the Mississippi Delta act to reduce the mass of nitrogen in transport, other hydrologic approaches may be designed to further limit nitrogen transport. Direct validation of existing SPARROW models for the Delta is a first step in assessing the assumptions underlying those models.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>In order to characterize spatial and temporal variability of nitrogen in the Big Sunflower River Basin, water samples were collected at four U.S. Geological Survey gaging stations located on the Big Sunflower River between October 1, 2009, and June 30, 2011. Nitrogen concentrations were generally highest at each site during the spring of the 2010 water year and the fall and winter of the 2011 water year. Additionally, the dominant form of nitrogen varied between sites. For example, in samples collected from the most upstream site (Clarksdale), the concentration of organic nitrogen was generally higher than the concentrations of ammonia and nitrate plus nitrite; conversely, at sites farther downstream (that is, at Sunflower and Anguilla), nitrate plus nitrite concentrations were generally higher than concentrations of organic nitrogen and ammonia.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>In addition to the routinely collected samples, water samples from the Big Sunflower River Basin were collected using a Lagrangian sampling scheme, which attempts to follow a single mass of water through time in order to determine how it changes through processing or other pathways as the water moves downstream. Lagrangian sampling was conducted five times during the study period: (1) April 8–21, 2010, (2) May 12–June 3, 2010, (3) June 15–July 1, 2010, (4) August 23–30, 2010, and (5) May 16–20, 2011. Streamflow conditions were variable for each sampling event because of input from local precipitation and irrigation return flow, and streamflow losses through the streambed. Streamflow and total nitrogen flux increased with drainage area, and the dominant form of nitrogen varied with drainage area size and temporally across sampling events.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Results from each method indicate relatively conservative transport of nitrogen within the 160 miles between Clarksdale and Anguilla, providing further validation of the SPARROW models. Furthermore, these results suggest relatively conservative transport of nitrogen from the Big Sunflower River to the Gulf of Mexico and, therefore, imply a fairly close association of nutrient application and export from the Big Sunflower River Basin to the Mississippi River. However, within the Big Sunflower River Basin, two potential nitrogen sinks were identified and include the transport and potential transformation of nitrogen through the streambed and the sequestration and potential transformation of nitrogen above the drainage control structures downstream of Anguilla. By coupling these potential loss mechanisms with nitrogen transport dynamics, it may be possible to further reduce the amount of nitrogen leaving the Big Sunflower River Basin and ultimately arriving at the Gulf of Mexico.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145107","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the United States Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg District","usgsCitation":"Barlow, J.R., and Coupe, R.H., 2014, Occurrence and transport of nitrogen in the Big Sunflower River, northwestern Mississippi, October 2009-June 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5107, Report: vi, 29 p.; Appendix 1, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145107.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 29 p.; Appendix 1","numberOfPages":"39","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2009-10-01","temporalEnd":"2011-06-30","ipdsId":"IP-040979","costCenters":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291229,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145107.jpg"},{"id":291226,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5107/"},{"id":291227,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5107/pdf/sir2014-5107.pdf"},{"id":291228,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5107/appendix/sir2014-5107_appendix1.xlsx"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas;Louisiana;Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Big Sunflower River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.25,32.75 ], [ -91.25,34.75 ], [ -90.50,34.75 ], [ -90.50,32.75 ], [ -91.25,32.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barlow, Jeannie R.B.","contributorId":33965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Jeannie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coupe, Richard H. 0000-0001-8679-1015 rhcoupe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-1015","contributorId":551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"Richard","email":"rhcoupe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70112963,"text":"ds863 - 2014 - Annual agricultural pesticide use for Midwest Stream-Quality Assessment, 2012-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T13:04:17","indexId":"ds863","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-28T12:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"863","title":"Annual agricultural pesticide use for Midwest Stream-Quality Assessment, 2012-13","docAbstract":"<p>This report provides estimates of annual agricultural use of 190 pesticide compounds for counties and selected watersheds of Midwestern States for 2012 and 2013 compiled for subsequent analysis by the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, Midwest Stream-Quality Assessment (MSQA). One of the goals of MSQA is to characterize contaminants at perennial-stream sites throughout the Corn Belt. Evaluating pesticide inputs from agricultural sources will aid in that characterization.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Crop acres for selected Midwestern crops were obtained from the Cropland Data Layer of the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Agricultural Statistics Service and used in conjunction with GfK Kynetec, Inc. proprietary Crop Reporting District-level pesticide-use data to estimate pesticide use for counties and watersheds. Estimated pesticide use (EPest) values were calculated by using both the “EPest-high” and “EPest-low” methods, the distinction being that there are more counties with estimated pesticide use for EPest-high compared to EPest-low, owing to differing assumptions about missing survey data.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>County-level and watershed-level estimates of annual agricultural pesticide use are provided as downloadable, tab-delimited files for both EPest-high and Epest-low. Summary graphs of MSQA watershed-level pesticide use for selected crops are also provided.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds863","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Baker, N.T., and Stone, W.W., 2014, Annual agricultural pesticide use for Midwest Stream-Quality Assessment, 2012-13: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 863, Report: iv, 17 p.; Tables 4-7, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds863.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 17 p.; Tables 4-7","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-055603","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291165,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds863.jpg"},{"id":291163,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0863/pdf/ds863.pdf"},{"id":291161,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0863/"},{"id":291164,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0863/tables/ds863.zip"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.0577,35.9957 ], [ -104.0577,49.38 ], [ -80.5182,49.38 ], [ -80.5182,35.9957 ], [ -104.0577,35.9957 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, Nancy T. 0000-0002-7979-5744 ntbaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7979-5744","contributorId":1955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Nancy","email":"ntbaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, Wesley W. 0000-0003-0239-2063 wwstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0239-2063","contributorId":1496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Wesley","email":"wwstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70114018,"text":"ofr20141126 - 2014 - Estimation of methane concentrations and loads in groundwater discharge to Sugar Run, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T10:24:54","indexId":"ofr20141126","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-28T10:12:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1126","title":"Estimation of methane concentrations and loads in groundwater discharge to Sugar Run, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"A stream-sampling study was conducted to estimate methane concentrations and loads in groundwater discharge to a small stream in an active shale-gas development area of northeastern Pennsylvania. Grab samples collected from 15 streams in Bradford, Lycoming, Susquehanna, and Tioga Counties, Pa., during a reconnaissance survey in May and June 2013 contained dissolved methane concentrations ranging from less than the minimum reporting limit (1.0) to 68.5 micrograms per liter (µg/L). The stream-reach mass-balance method of estimating concentrations and loads of methane in groundwater discharge was applied to a 4-kilometer (km) reach of Sugar Run in Lycoming County, one of the four streams with methane concentrations greater than or equal to 5 µg/L. Three synoptic surveys of stream discharge and methane concentrations were conducted during base-flow periods in May, June, and November 2013. Stream discharge at the lower end of the reach was about 0.10, 0.04, and 0.02 cubic meters per second, respectively, and peak stream methane concentrations were about 20, 67, and 29 µg/L. In order to refine estimated amounts of groundwater discharge and locations where groundwater with methane discharges to the stream, the lower part of the study reach was targeted more precisely during the successive studies, with approximate spacing between stream sampling sites of 800 meters (m), 400 m, and 200 m, in May, June, and November, respectively. Samples collected from shallow piezometers and a seep near the location of the peak methane concentration measured in streamwater had groundwater methane concentrations of 2,300 to 4,600 µg/L. These field data, combined with one-dimensional stream-methane transport modeling, indicate groundwater methane loads of 1.8 ±0.8, 0.7 ±0.3, and 0.7 ±0.2 kilograms per day, respectively, discharging to Sugar Run. Estimated groundwater methane concentrations, based on the transport modeling, ranged from 100 to 3,200 µg/L. Although total methane load and the uncertainty in calculated loads both decreased with lower streamflow conditions and finer-resolution sampling in June and November, the higher loads during May could indicate seasonal variability in base flow. This is consistent with flowmeter measurements indicating that there was less inflow occurring at lower streamflow conditions during June and November.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141126","usgsCitation":"Heilweil, V.M., Risser, D.W., Conger, R.W., Grieve, P.L., and Hynek, S.A., 2014, Estimation of methane concentrations and loads in groundwater discharge to Sugar Run, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1126, viii, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141126.","productDescription":"viii, 31 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055342","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291113,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141126.jpg"},{"id":291112,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1126/"},{"id":291111,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1126/support/ofr2014-1126.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Lycoming County","otherGeospatial":"Sugar Run","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.60,41.25 ], [ -77.60,42.00 ], [ -75.50,42.00 ], [ -75.50,41.25 ], [ -77.60,41.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heilweil, Victor M. heilweil@usgs.gov","contributorId":837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heilweil","given":"Victor","email":"heilweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Risser, Dennis W. 0000-0001-9597-5406 dwrisser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9597-5406","contributorId":898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risser","given":"Dennis","email":"dwrisser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conger, Randall W. rwconger@usgs.gov","contributorId":2086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conger","given":"Randall","email":"rwconger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grieve, Paul L.","contributorId":45643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grieve","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hynek, Scott A. 0000-0002-6885-0445","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6885-0445","contributorId":52091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hynek","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70112486,"text":"sir20145100 - 2014 - Concentrations and transport of suspended sediment, nutrients, and pesticides in the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin during the 2011 Mississippi River flood, April through July","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T09:56:23","indexId":"sir20145100","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-28T09:42:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5100","title":"Concentrations and transport of suspended sediment, nutrients, and pesticides in the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin during the 2011 Mississippi River flood, April through July","docAbstract":"<p>High streamflow associated with the April–July 2011 Mississippi River flood forced the simultaneous opening of the three major flood-control structures in the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin for the first time in history in order to manage the amount of water moving through the system. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected samples for analysis of field properties, suspended-sediment concentration, particle-size, total nitrogen, nitrate plus nitrite, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, and up to 136 pesticides at 11 water-quality stations and 2 flood-control structures in the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin from just above the confluence of the upper Mississippi and Ohio Rivers downstream from April through July 2011. Monthly fluxes of suspended sediment, suspended sand, total nitrogen, nitrate plus nitrite, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, atrazine, simazine, metolachlor, and acetochlor were estimated at 9 stations and 2 flood-control structures during the flood period.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Although concentrations during the 2011 flood were within the range of what has been observed historically, concentrations decreased during peak streamflow on the lower Mississippi River. Prior to the 2011 flood, high concentrations of suspended sediment and nitrate were observed in March 2011 at stations downstream of the confluence of the upper Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, which probably resulted in a loss of available material for movement during the flood. In addition, the major contributor of streamflow to the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin during April and May was the Ohio River, whose water contained lower concentrations of suspended sediment, pesticides, and nutrients than water from the upper Mississippi River. Estimated fluxes for the 4-month flood period were still quite high and contributed approximately 50 percent of the estimated annual suspended sediment, nitrate, and total phosphorus fluxes in 2011; the largest fluxes were estimated at the water-quality station located at Vicksburg, Mississippi.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The majority of the suspended-sediment flux introduce into the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin during the 2011 flood was in the form of fine-grained particles from the upper Mississippi River—77 percent of the suspended-sediment flux compared to 23 percent from the Ohio River. As water moved downstream along the lower Mississippi River, there were losses in suspended-sediment flux because of deposition and backwater areas. Fluxes showed a greater response to increased streamflow in the Atchafalaya River than in the lower Mississippi River. The result was a gain in suspended-sediment flux with distance downstream in the Atchafalaya River because of resuspension of previously deposited materials—particularly sand particles. Overall, 13 percent less suspended sediment left the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin than entered it from the confluence of the upper Mississippi and Ohio Rivers during the flood. The loss in suspended-sediment flux during the flood accounted for 14 percent of the 2011 annual suspended-sediment flux loss within the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Nitrate composed approximately 70 percent of the total nitrogen flux at all of the sampled water-quality stations, excluding the Arkansas River. Almost 2.4 times more nitrate flux entered the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin from the upper Mississippi River than from the Ohio River. As nitrate moved down the lower Mississippi River and the Atchafalaya River, there were no substantial losses or gains in flux, indicating that nitrate moved conservatively within the subbasin during the 2011 flood. Although streamflow was the largest on record, nitrate flux during the flood period resulted in a zone of hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico that was only the tenth largest on record.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The flux of total phosphorus in the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin during the 2011 flood was strongly related to suspended-sediment flux at most of the stations. There were significant gains in total phosphorus flux in the Atchafalaya River during the flood period and losses between the stations along the lower Mississippi River. Overall, however, the amount of total phosphorus flux that left the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin was only 1.7 percent less than the flux that entered it from the upper Mississippi River and the Ohio River, indicating that total phosphorus flux within the subbasin during the flood was conservative.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>As streamflow was decreasing within the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin, orthophosphate composed an increasing percentage of the total phosphorus concentration, probably because of the return of waters low in oxygen concentration from areas such as inundated lands, backwater streams, and floodways. Poorly oxygenated waters promote the release of sediment-bound phosphorus into the more-readily available dissolved form (measured as orthophosphate in this study). Because of processing within the subbasin during the flood period, there was a 25-percent gain in orthophosphate flux between the confluence of the upper Mississippi and Ohio Rivers and the outlet of the subbasin.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Of the 136 pesticide compounds and degradates that were analyzed, only 18 were detected above the method reporting level. The 18 compounds that were detected fell into three categories: (1) compounds that were frequently detected and showed a response in concentration to the flood; (2) compounds that were detected in almost every sample at every station but at low concentrations; and (3) compounds that were infrequently detected. Fluxes for the most frequently detected pesticides having the highest concentrations (atrazine, metolachlor, acetochlor, and simazine) were within the low-to-middle range of historic fluxes.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>An average of 66,450 cubic feet per second of streamflow was diverted from the lower Mississippi River through the Morganza Floodway into the Atchafalaya River from May 14 through July 7, 2011. Dissolved oxygen concentrations in the floodway decreased with the amount of time that the flood control structure was open, which affected nitrate and orthophosphate concentrations. As dissolved oxygen concentrations decreased in the floodway, nitrate concentrations decreased and orthophosphate concentrations increased. Oil and gas samples were also collected at 1 station upstream and 1 station downstream from the outlet of the Morganza Floodway into the Atchafalaya River. There were no detections of petroleum hydrocarbons in the upstream or downstream samples. All concentrations of oil and grease were relatively low, and the effect of water from the floodway on water quality in the Atchafalaya River could not be determined because oil and grease samples were not collected from the floodway.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145100","collaboration":"National Stream Quality Accounting Network","usgsCitation":"Welch, H.L., Coupe, R.H., and Aulenbach, B.T., 2014, Concentrations and transport of suspended sediment, nutrients, and pesticides in the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin during the 2011 Mississippi River flood, April through July: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5100, v, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145100.","productDescription":"v, 44 p.","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2011-04-01","temporalEnd":"2011-07-31","ipdsId":"IP-043690","costCenters":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291106,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145100.jpg"},{"id":291104,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5100/"},{"id":291105,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5100/pdf/sir2014-5100.pdf"}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lower Mississippi-atchafalaya River Subbasin;Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.1,28.6 ], [ -109.1,40.0 ], [ -85.0,40.0 ], [ -85.0,28.6 ], [ -109.1,28.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welch, Heather L. 0000-0001-8370-7711 hllott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8370-7711","contributorId":552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"Heather","email":"hllott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":105,"text":"Alabama Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coupe, Richard H. 0000-0001-8679-1015 rhcoupe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-1015","contributorId":551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"Richard","email":"rhcoupe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aulenbach, Brent T. 0000-0003-2863-1288 btaulenb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2863-1288","contributorId":3057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aulenbach","given":"Brent","email":"btaulenb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70104293,"text":"sir20145062 - 2014 - Repeated multibeam echosounder hydrographic surveys of 15 selected bridge crossings along the Missouri River from Niobrara to Rulo, Nebraska, during the flood of 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T09:38:47","indexId":"sir20145062","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-28T09:31:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5062","title":"Repeated multibeam echosounder hydrographic surveys of 15 selected bridge crossings along the Missouri River from Niobrara to Rulo, Nebraska, during the flood of 2011","docAbstract":"<p>In 2011, unprecedented flooding in the Missouri River prompted transportation agencies to increase the frequency of monitoring riverbed elevations near bridges that cross the Missouri River. Hydrographic surveys were completed in cooperation with the Nebraska Department of Roads, using a multibeam echosounder at 15 highway bridges spanning the Missouri River from Niobrara to Rulo, Nebraska during and after the extreme 2011 flood.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Evidence of bed elevation change near bridge piers was documented. The greatest amount of bed elevation change during the 2011 flood documented for this study occurred at the Burt County Missouri River Bridge at Decatur, Nebraska, where scour of about 45 feet, from before flooding, occurred between a bridge abutment and pier. Of the remaining sites, highway bridges where bed elevation change near piers appeared to have exceeded 10 feet include the Abraham Lincoln Memorial Bridge at Blair, Nebr., Bellevue Bridge at Bellevue, Nebr., and Nebraska City Bridge at Nebraska City, Nebr.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Hydrographic surveys at 14 of the 15 sites were completed in mid-July and again in early October or late-November 2011. Near three of the bridges, the bed elevation of locations surveyed in July increased by more than 10 feet, on average, by late October or early November 2011. Bed elevations increased between 1 and 10 feet, on average, near six bridges. Near the remaining four bridges, bed elevations decreased between 1 and 4 feet, on average, from July to late October or early November.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145062","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nebraska Department of Roads","usgsCitation":"Dietsch, B.J., Densmore, B.K., and Strauch, K.R., 2014, Repeated multibeam echosounder hydrographic surveys of 15 selected bridge crossings along the Missouri River from Niobrara to Rulo, Nebraska, during the flood of 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5062, xiii, 153 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145062.","productDescription":"xiii, 153 p.","numberOfPages":"172","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-041877","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291098,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145062.jpg"},{"id":291096,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5062/"},{"id":291097,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5062/pdf/sir2014-5062.pdf"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, zone 14","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.25,39.75 ], [ -98.25,43.25 ], [ -94.0,43.25 ], [ -94.0,39.75 ], [ -98.25,39.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dietsch, Benjamin J. 0000-0003-1090-409X bdietsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1090-409X","contributorId":1346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietsch","given":"Benjamin","email":"bdietsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Densmore, Brenda K. 0000-0003-2429-638X bdensmore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2429-638X","contributorId":4896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Brenda","email":"bdensmore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strauch, Kellan R. 0000-0002-7218-2099 kstrauch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7218-2099","contributorId":1006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strauch","given":"Kellan","email":"kstrauch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70118084,"text":"70118084 - 2014 - Assessing the solubility controls on vanadium in groundwater, northeastern San Joaquin Valley, CA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T10:01:01","indexId":"70118084","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-25T14:35:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the solubility controls on vanadium in groundwater, northeastern San Joaquin Valley, CA","docAbstract":"<p>The solubility controls on vanadium (V) in groundwater were studied due to concerns over possible harmful health effects of ingesting V in drinking water. Vanadium concentrations in the northeastern San Joaquin Valley ranged from <3 μg/L to 70 μg/L with a median of 21 μg/L. Concentrations of V were highest in samples collected from oxic groundwater (49% > 25 μg/L) and lowest in samples collected from anoxic groundwater (70% < 0.8 μg/L). In oxic groundwater, speciation modeling (SM) using PHREEQC predicted that V exists primarily as the oxyanion H<sub>2</sub>VO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup>. Adsorption/desorption reactions with mineral surfaces and associated oxide coatings were indicated as the primary solubility control of V<sup>5+</sup> oxyanions in groundwater. Environmental data showed that V concentrations in oxic groundwater generally increased with increasing groundwater pH. However, data from adsorption isotherm experiments indicated that small variations in pH (7.4–8.2) were not likely as an important a factor as the inherent adsorption capacity of oxide assemblages coating the surface of mineral grains. In suboxic groundwater, accurate SM modeling was difficult since Eh measurements of source water were not measured in this study. Vanadium concentrations in suboxic groundwater decreased with increasing pH indicating that V may exist as an oxycationic species [e.g. V(OH)<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>]. Vanadium may complex with dissolved inorganic and organic ligands under suboxic conditions, which could alter the adsorption behavior of V in groundwater. Speciation modeling did not predict the existence of V-inorganic ligand complexes and organic ligands were not collected as part of this study. More work is needed to determine processes governing V solubility under suboxic groundwater conditions. Under anoxic groundwater conditions, SM predicts that aqueous V exists as the uncharged V(OH)<sub>3</sub> molecule. However, exceedingly low V concentrations show that V is sparingly soluble in anoxic conditions. Results indicated that V may be precipitating as V<sup>3+</sup>- or mixed V<sup>3+</sup>/Fe<sup>3+</sup>-oxides in anoxic groundwater, which is consistent with results of a previous study. The fact that V appears insoluble in anoxic (Fe reducing) redox conditions indicates that the behavior of V is different than arsenic (As) in aquifer systems where the reductive dissolution of Fe-oxides with As adsorbed to the surface is a well-documented mechanism for increasing As concentrations in groundwater. This hypothesis is supported by the relation of V to As concentrations in oxic versus anoxic redox conditions.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Sequential extraction procedures (SEP) applied to aquifer material showed that the greatest amount of V was recovered by the nitric acid (HNO<sub>3</sub>) extract (37–71%), followed by the oxalate-ascorbic acid extract (19–60%) and the oxalate extract (3–14%). These results indicate that V was not associated with the solid phase as an easily exchangeable fraction. Although the total amount of V recovered was greatest for the HNO<sub>3</sub> extract that targets V adsorbed to sorption sites of crystalline Al, Fe and Mn oxides, the greatest V saturation of sorption sites appeared to occur on the amorphous and poorly crystalline oxide solid phases targeted by the oxalate and oxalate-ascorbic acid extracts respectively. Adsorption isotherm experiments showed no correlation between V sorption and any of the fractions identified by the SEP. This lack of correlation indicates the application of an SEP alone is not adequate to estimate the sorption characteristics of V in an aquifer system.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.06.025","usgsCitation":"Wright, M.T., Stollenwerk, K.G., and Belitz, K., 2014, Assessing the solubility controls on vanadium in groundwater, northeastern San Joaquin Valley, CA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 48, p. 41-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.06.025.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-045310","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291026,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291025,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.06.025"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.5,37.0 ], [ -121.5,38.5 ], [ -120.0,38.5 ], [ -120.0,37.0 ], [ -121.5,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Michael T. 0000-0003-0653-6466 mtwright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0653-6466","contributorId":1508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Michael","email":"mtwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stollenwerk, Kenneth G. kgstolle@usgs.gov","contributorId":578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stollenwerk","given":"Kenneth","email":"kgstolle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":496244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70118051,"text":"70118051 - 2014 - Analysis of the impact of spatial resolution on land/water classifications using high-resolution aerial imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T09:59:28","indexId":"70118051","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-25T13:04:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of the impact of spatial resolution on land/water classifications using high-resolution aerial imagery","docAbstract":"<p>Long-term monitoring efforts often use remote sensing to track trends in habitat or landscape conditions over time. To most appropriately compare observations over time, long-term monitoring efforts strive for consistency in methods. Thus, advances and changes in technology over time can present a challenge. For instance, modern camera technology has led to an increasing availability of very high-resolution imagery (i.e. submetre and metre) and a shift from analogue to digital photography. While numerous studies have shown that image resolution can impact the accuracy of classifications, most of these studies have focused on the impacts of comparing spatial resolution changes greater than 2 m. Thus, a knowledge gap exists on the impacts of minor changes in spatial resolution (i.e. submetre to about 1.5 m) in very high-resolution aerial imagery (i.e. 2 m resolution or less).</p>\n<br>\n<p>This study compared the impact of spatial resolution on land/water classifications of an area dominated by coastal marsh vegetation in Louisiana, USA, using 1:12,000 scale colour-infrared analogue aerial photography (AAP) scanned at four different dot-per-inch resolutions simulating ground sample distances (GSDs) of 0.33, 0.54, 1, and 2 m. Analysis of the impact of spatial resolution on land/water classifications was conducted by exploring various spatial aspects of the classifications including density of waterbodies and frequency distributions in waterbody sizes. This study found that a small-magnitude change (1–1.5 m) in spatial resolution had little to no impact on the amount of water classified (i.e. percentage mapped was less than 1.5%), but had a significant impact on the mapping of very small waterbodies (i.e. waterbodies ≤ 250 m<sup>2</sup>). These findings should interest those using temporal image classifications derived from very high-resolution aerial photography as a component of long-term monitoring programs.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431161.2014.938181","usgsCitation":"Enwright, N.M., Jones, W.R., Garber, A., and Keller, M.J., 2014, Analysis of the impact of spatial resolution on land/water classifications using high-resolution aerial imagery: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 35, no. 13, p. 5280-5288, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2014.938181.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"5280","endPage":"5288","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-039101","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291015,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290987,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2014.938181"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Lake Pontchartrain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.9411,30.1971 ], [ -89.9411,30.3175 ], [ -89.7413,30.3175 ], [ -89.7413,30.1971 ], [ -89.9411,30.1971 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"35","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Enwright, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-7887-3261 enwrightn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7887-3261","contributorId":4880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enwright","given":"Nicholas","email":"enwrightn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, William R. 0000-0002-5493-4138 jonesb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5493-4138","contributorId":463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"William","email":"jonesb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garber, Adrienne L. 0000-0003-1139-8256","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1139-8256","contributorId":10332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garber","given":"Adrienne L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keller, Matthew J.","contributorId":63330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70113805,"text":"ofr20141127 - 2014 - Geologic logs of geotechnical cores from the subsurface Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-25T12:51:08","indexId":"ofr20141127","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-25T12:35:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1127","title":"Geologic logs of geotechnical cores from the subsurface Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California","docAbstract":"This report presents and summarizes descriptive geologic logs of geotechnical cores collected from 2009–12 in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California, by the California Department of Water Resources. Graphic logs are presented for 1,785.7 ft of retained cores from 56 borehole sites throughout the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Most core sections are from a depth of ~100–200 feet. Cores primarily contain mud, silt, and sand lithologies. Tephra (volcanic ash and pumice), paleosols, and gravels are also documented in some core sections. Geologic observations contained in the core logs in this report provide stratigraphic context for subsequent sampling and data for future chronostratigraphic subsurface correlations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141127","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Maier, K., Ponti, D.J., Tinsley, J., Gatti, E., and Pagenkopp, M., 2014, Geologic logs of geotechnical cores from the subsurface Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1127, Report: iv, 16 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141127.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 16 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054788","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291007,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141127.jpg"},{"id":291004,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1127"},{"id":291005,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1127/pdf/ofr2014-1127.pdf"},{"id":291006,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1127/pdf/ofr2014-1127_appendix.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.8,37.8 ], [ -121.8,38.5 ], [ -121.45,38.5 ], [ -121.45,37.8 ], [ -121.8,37.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maier, Katherine L.","contributorId":91411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maier","given":"Katherine L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ponti, Daniel J. 0000-0002-2437-5144 dponti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2437-5144","contributorId":1020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponti","given":"Daniel","email":"dponti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tinsley, John C. III jtinsley@usgs.gov","contributorId":3266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinsley","given":"John C.","suffix":"III","email":"jtinsley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gatti, Emma egatti@usgs.gov","contributorId":5302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gatti","given":"Emma","email":"egatti@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pagenkopp, Mark","contributorId":102802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pagenkopp","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70114044,"text":"sir20145101 - 2014 - Characterization of salinity loads and selenium loads in the Smith Fork Creek region of the Lower Gunnison River Basin, western Colorado, 2008-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-24T16:12:10","indexId":"sir20145101","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T15:55:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5101","title":"Characterization of salinity loads and selenium loads in the Smith Fork Creek region of the Lower Gunnison River Basin, western Colorado, 2008-2009","docAbstract":"<p>The lower Gunnison River Basin of the Colorado River Basin has elevated salinity and selenium levels. The Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act of June 24, 1974 (Public Law 93–320, amended by Public Law 98–569), authorized investigation of the Lower Gunnison Basin Unit Salinity Control Project by the U.S. Department of the Interior. The Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) and the Natural Resources Conservation Service are responsible for assessing and implementing measures to reduce salinity and selenium loading in the Colorado River Basin. Cost-sharing programs help farmers, ranchers, and canal companies improve the efficiency of water delivery systems and irrigation practices. The delivery systems (irrigation canals) have been identified as potential sources of seepage, which can contribute to salinity loading. Reclamation wants to identify seepage from irrigation systems in order to maximize the effectiveness of the various salinity-control methods, such as polyacrylamide lining and piping of irrigation canals programs. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Reclamation, developed a study to characterize the salinity and selenium loading of seven subbasins in the Smith Fork Creek region and identify where control efforts can be maximized to reduce salinity and selenium loading.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Total salinity loads ranged from 27.9±19.1 tons per year (t/yr) to 87,500±80,500 t/yr. The four natural subbasins—BkKm, RCG1, RCG2, and SF1—had total salinity loads of 27.9±19.1 t/yr, 371±248 t/yr, 2,180±1,590 t/yr, and 4,200±2,720 t/yr, respectively. The agriculturally influenced sites had salinity loads that ranged from 7,580±6,900 t/yr to 87,500±80,500 t/yr. Salinity loads for the subbasins AL1, B1, CK1, SF2, and SF3 were 7,580±6,900 t/yr; 28,300±26,700 t/yr; 48,700±36,100 t/yr; 87,500±80,900 t/yr; and 52,200±31,800 t/yr, respectively.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The agricultural salinity load was separated into three components: tail water, deep percolation, and canal seepage. Annual tail-water salinity loads ranged from 48.0 to 2,750 tons in the Smith Fork Creek region. The largest tail-water salinity load was in subbasin SF3, and the lowest salinity load from tail water was in subbasin R1. The remaining four agricultural subbasins—AL1, B1, CK1, and SF2—had tail-water loads of 285 t/yr, 180 t/yr, 333 t/yr, and 1,700 t/yr, respectively. The deep percolation component of the agricultural salinity load ranged from 3,300 t/yr in subbasin AL1 to 51,800 t/yr in subbasin SF2. Subbasins R1, B1, CK1, and SF3 had deep percolation salinity loads of 4,940 t/yr, 15,200 t/yr, 21,200 t/yr, and 23,600 t/yr, respectively. The canal seepage component of the agricultural salinity load ranged from 1,100 t/yr in subbasin AL1 to 15,300 t/yr in subbasin CK1. Subbasins B1, R1, SF2, and SF3 had canal seepage salinity loads of 6,610 t/yr, 3,890 t/yr, 9,430 t/yr, and 12,100 t/yr, respectively.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Four natural subbasins—RCG1, RCG2, SF1, and BkKm—were used to calculate natural salinity yields for the remaining subbasins. The appropriate salinity yield was applied to the corresponding number of acres and resulted in a natural salinity load for each subbasin. The annual salinity yields for the Dakota Sandstone and Burro Canyon Formation, Mancos Shale, and crystalline geologies are 0.217 tons per acre (t/acre), 0.113 t/acre, and 0.151 t/acre, respectively.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Three of the four natural subbasins had little to no selenium load based on the measured data and calculated selenium loads. Subbasins RCG1 and RCG2 had surface-water selenium loads of 0.106±0.024 pounds (lb) and 0.00 lb, respectively. Subbasin BkKm did not have an estimated surface-water selenium load because of the lack of any water-quality samples during the study period. The subbasin designated by site CK1 had the highest selenium load with 135±38.7 lb, and the next highest subbasins in decreasing order are B1, SF3, AL1, SF1, and R1 with selenium loads of 69.6±28.4 lb, 56.5±23.8 lb, 30.5±16.6 lb, 26.8±6.95 lb, and 15.6±27.7 lb, respectively.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145101","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation and the Colorado River Salinity Control Forum","usgsCitation":"Richards, R.J., Linard, J.I., and Hobza, C.M., 2014, Characterization of salinity loads and selenium loads in the Smith Fork Creek region of the Lower Gunnison River Basin, western Colorado, 2008-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5101, v, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145101.","productDescription":"v, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"43","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045746","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290955,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145101.jpg"},{"id":290954,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5101/pdf/sir2014-5101.pdf"},{"id":290953,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5101/"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection Zone 13","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Gunnison River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.874069,38.49928 ], [ -107.874069,38.899583 ], [ -107.357025,38.899583 ], [ -107.357025,38.49928 ], [ -107.874069,38.49928 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richards, Rodney J. 0000-0003-3953-984X rjrichar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3953-984X","contributorId":2204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Rodney","email":"rjrichar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linard, Joshua I. jilinard@usgs.gov","contributorId":1465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linard","given":"Joshua","email":"jilinard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hobza, Christopher M. 0000-0002-6239-934X cmhobza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-934X","contributorId":2393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobza","given":"Christopher","email":"cmhobza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70117836,"text":"ofr20141155 - 2014 - Urban ecosystem services and decision making for a green Philadelphia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-24T14:16:42","indexId":"ofr20141155","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T14:06:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1155","title":"Urban ecosystem services and decision making for a green Philadelphia","docAbstract":"<p>Traditional approaches to urban development often do not account for, or recognize, the role of ecosystem services and the benefits these services provide to the health and well-being of city residents. Without such accounting, urban ecosystem services are likely to be degraded over time, with negative consequences for the sustainability of cities and the well-being of their residents (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005; Hirsch, 2008). On May 23, 2013, the Spatial Integration Laboratory for Urban Systems (SILUS), a collaboration between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Science and Decisions Center and the Wharton GIS Lab, convened a one-day symposium—Urban Ecosystem Services and Decision Making: A Green Philadelphia—at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to examine the role of green infrastructure in the environmental, economic, and social well-being of cities. Cosponsored by the USGS and the Penn Institute for Urban Research (Penn IUR), the symposium brought together policymakers, practitioners, and researchers from a range of disciplines to advance a research agenda on the use of science in public decision making to inform investment in green infrastructure and ecosystem services in urban areas.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The city of Philadelphia has recently implemented a program designed to sustain urban ecosystem services and advance the use of green infrastructure. In 2009, the Philadelphia Mayor’s Office of Sustainability launched its Greenworks plan, establishing a citywide sustainability strategy. Major contributions towards its goals are being implemented in coordination with the Philadelphia Water Department (PWD). The Green City, Clean Waters initiative, the city’s nationally recognized stormwater management plan, was signed into action with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in April 2012. The plan outlines a 25-year strategy to use green infrastructure to protect and improve the city’s watershed. Widespread support for the plan marks a citywide effort to factor environmental quality concerns into the city’s strategic planning, choosing to replace expensive and aging grey infrastructure, with innovative and resilient green infrastructure.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The symposium focused on these city of Philadelphia initiatives and also on two new Federal- local partnership programs: America’s Great Outdoors, initiated to promote conservation and recreation, and the Urban Waters Federal Partnership, a multiagency effort to reconnect urban communities to their waterways.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>A second goal of the symposium was to advance a research agenda on urban ecosystem services. While there has been considerable work on ecosystem services, the discussion of the benefits provided by urban ecosystems is not as developed. Benefits range from improved water and air quality to quality of life gains, including aesthetic and recreational considerations. There is also need for additional focused research toward furthering the understanding of the multiple indirect benefits provided by urban ecosystem services (Bolund and Hunhammar, 1999). Moreover, there is a need for a greater understanding of how best to inform local decision making in this area, as local decision makers in cities across the country are increasingly recognizing the importance of developing sustainability measures for their immediate and long-term planning (United States Conference of Mayors, 2005).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Approaching these local and regional plans from a holistic perspective has become a guiding principle of sustainability and resiliency. Therefore, there is a need to better understand the gains that have been achieved and to advance a research agenda on ecosystem services going forward. The day’s program included presentations on greening initiatives from the Philadelphia’s Mayor’s Office of Sustainability, as well as discussion about using an urban ecosystem services framework to evaluate these initiatives. Panel sessions included discussion of the Green City, Clean Waters initiative; a dialogue about the management of urban trees and green space; and a conversation addressing the needs for future research.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141155","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania and the Penn Institute for Urban Research","usgsCitation":"Hogan, D.M., Shapiro, C.D., Karp, D.N., and Wachter, S.M., 2014, Urban ecosystem services and decision making for a green Philadelphia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1155, iii, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141155.","productDescription":"iii, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052750","costCenters":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290951,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141155.jpg"},{"id":290950,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1155/pdf/ofr2014-1155.pdf"},{"id":290938,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1155/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","city":"Philadelphia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.280303,39.867004 ], [ -75.280303,40.137992 ], [ -74.955763,40.137992 ], [ -74.955763,39.867004 ], [ -75.280303,39.867004 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hogan, Dianna M. 0000-0003-1492-4514 dhogan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1492-4514","contributorId":2299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"Dianna","email":"dhogan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shapiro, Carl D. 0000-0002-1598-6808 cshapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1598-6808","contributorId":3048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Carl","email":"cshapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karp, David N.","contributorId":77854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karp","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wachter, Susan M.","contributorId":48657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wachter","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70116319,"text":"sir20145128 - 2014 - Flood-inundation maps for the North Branch Elkhart River at Cosperville, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-24T14:02:59","indexId":"sir20145128","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5128","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the North Branch Elkhart River at Cosperville, Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>Digital flood-inundation maps for a reach of the North Branch Elkhart River at Cosperville, Indiana (Ind.), were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Detroit District. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at <a href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/\" target=\"_blank\">http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/</a> depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at USGS streamgage 04100222, North Branch Elkhart River at Cosperville, Ind. Current conditions for estimating near-real-time areas of inundation using USGS streamgage information may be obtained on the Internet at <a href=\"http://waterdata.usgs.gov/in/nwis/uv?site_no=04100222\" target=\"_blank\">http://waterdata.usgs.gov/in/nwis/uv?site_no=04100222</a>. In addition, information has been provided to the National Weather Service (NWS) for incorporation into their Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) flood warning system (<a href=\"http:/water.weather.gov/ahps/\" target=\"_blank\">http:/water.weather.gov/ahps/</a>). The NWS AHPS forecasts flood hydrographs at many places that are often colocated with USGS streamgages, including the North Branch Elkhart River at Cosperville, Ind. NWS AHPS-forecast peak-stage information may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>For this study, flood profiles were computed for the North Branch Elkhart River reach by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model. The hydraulic model was calibrated by using the most current stage-discharge relations at USGS streamgage 04100222, North Branch Elkhart River at Cosperville, Ind., and preliminary high-water marks from the flood of March 1982. The calibrated hydraulic model was then used to determine four water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1-foot intervals referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from bankfull to the highest stage of the current stage-discharge rating curve. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system (GIS) digital elevation model (DEM, derived from Light Detection and Ranging [LiDAR]) in order to delineate the area flooded at each water level.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The availability of these maps, along with Internet information regarding current stage from the USGS streamgage 04100222, North Branch Elkhart River at Cosperville, Ind., and forecast stream stages from the NWS AHPS, provides emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for post-flood recovery efforts.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145128","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Detroit District","usgsCitation":"Kim, M.H., and Johnson, E.M., 2014, Flood-inundation maps for the North Branch Elkhart River at Cosperville, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5128, Report: iv, 9 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145128.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 9 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054937","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290943,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145128.jpg"},{"id":290941,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5128/pdf/sir2014-5128.pdf"},{"id":290942,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5128/downloads"},{"id":290932,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5128/"}],"projection":"Indiana State Plane Eastern Zone","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Cosperville","otherGeospatial":"North Branch Elkhart River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.504146,41.464805 ], [ -85.504146,41.525172 ], [ -85.379777,41.525172 ], [ -85.379777,41.464805 ], [ -85.504146,41.464805 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kim, Moon H. 0000-0002-4328-8409 mkim@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4328-8409","contributorId":3211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Moon","email":"mkim@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Esther M.","contributorId":80199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Esther","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70117800,"text":"70117800 - 2014 - Detecting well casing leaks in Bangladesh using a salt spiking method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:30:47","indexId":"70117800","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T11:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detecting well casing leaks in Bangladesh using a salt spiking method","docAbstract":"We apply fluid-replacement logging in arsenic-contaminated regions of Bangladesh using a low-cost, down-well fluid conductivity logging tool to detect leaks in the cased section of wells. The fluid-conductivity tool is designed for the developing world: it is lightweight and easily transportable, operable by one person, and can be built for minimal cost. The fluid-replacement test identifies leaking casing by comparison of fluid conductivity logs collected before and after spiking the wellbore with a sodium chloride tracer. Here, we present results of fluid-replacement logging tests from both leaking and non-leaking casing from wells in Araihazar and Munshiganj, Bangladesh, and demonstrate that the low-cost tool produces measurements comparable to those obtained with a standard geophysical logging tool. Finally, we suggest well testing procedures and approaches for preventing casing leaks in Bangladesh and other developing countries.","language":"English","publisher":"State Water Control Board","publisherLocation":"Richmond, VA","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12200","usgsCitation":"Stahl, M., Ong, J., Harvey, C., Johnson, C., Badruzzaman, A., Tarek, M., VanGeen, A., Anderson, J., and Lane, J.W., 2014, Detecting well casing leaks in Bangladesh using a salt spiking method: Ground Water, v. 52, no. S1, p. 195-200, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12200.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"200","numberOfPages":"6","ipdsId":"IP-052307","costCenters":[{"id":496,"text":"Office of Groundwater-Branch of Geophysics","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4393651","text":"External Repository"},{"id":290910,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290888,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12200"}],"country":"Bangladesh","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 88.01,20.75 ], [ 88.01,26.63 ], [ 92.68,26.63 ], [ 92.68,20.75 ], [ 88.01,20.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"52","issue":"S1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb20e4b08312ac7cefd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stahl, M.O.","contributorId":10339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stahl","given":"M.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ong, J.B.","contributorId":18278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ong","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harvey, C.F.","contributorId":62477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, C. D.","contributorId":8120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Badruzzaman, A.B.M.","contributorId":35653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Badruzzaman","given":"A.B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tarek, M.H.","contributorId":11127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarek","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"VanGeen, A.","contributorId":84086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanGeen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Anderson, J.A.","contributorId":60387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lane, J. W.","contributorId":31431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70117793,"text":"70117793 - 2014 - Below the disappearing marshes of an urban estuary: historic nitrogen trends and soil structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-24T11:41:34","indexId":"70117793","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T11:33:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Below the disappearing marshes of an urban estuary: historic nitrogen trends and soil structure","docAbstract":"Marshes in the urban Jamaica Bay Estuary, New York, USA are disappearing at an average rate of 13 ha/yr, and multiple stressors (e.g., wastewater inputs, dredging activities, groundwater removal, and global warming) may be contributing to marsh losses. Among these stressors, wastewater nutrients are suspected to be an important contributing cause of marsh deterioration. We used census data, radiometric dating, stable nitrogen isotopes, and soil surveys to examine the temporal relationships between human population growth and soil nitrogen; and we evaluated soil structure with computer-aided tomography, surface elevation and sediment accretion trends, carbon dioxide emissions, and soil shear strength to examine differences among disappearing (Black Bank and Big Egg) and stable marshes (JoCo). Radiometric dating and nitrogen isotope analyses suggested a rapid increase in human wastewater nutrients beginning in the late 1840s, and a tapering off beginning in the 1930s when wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were first installed. Current WWTPs nutrient loads to Jamaica Bay are approximately 13 995 kg N/d and 2767 kg P/d. At Black Bank, the biomass and abundance of roots and rhizomes and percentage of organic matter on soil were significantly lower, rhizomes larger in diameter, carbon dioxide emission rates and peat particle density significantly greater, and soil strength significantly lower compared to the stable JoCo Marsh, suggesting Black Bank has elevated decomposition rates, more decomposed peat, and highly waterlogged peat. Despite these differences, the rates of accretion and surface elevation change were similar for both marshes, and the rates of elevation change approximated the long term relative rate of sea level rise estimated from tide gauge data at nearby Sandy Hook, New Jersey. We hypothesize that Black Bank marsh kept pace with sea level rise by the accretion of material on the marsh surface, and the maintenance of soil volume through production of larger diameter rhizomes and swelling (dilation) of waterlogged peat. JoCo Marsh kept pace with sea-level rise through surface accretion and soil organic matter accumulation. Understanding the effects of multiple stressors, including nutrient enrichment, on soil structure, organic matter accumulation, and elevation change will better inform management decisions aimed at maintaining and restoring coastal marshes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/13-0594.1","usgsCitation":"Wigand, C., Roman, C., Davey, E., Stolt, M., Johnson, R., Hanson, A., Watson, E.B., Moran, S.B., Cahoon, D.R., Lynch, J., and Rafferty, P., 2014, Below the disappearing marshes of an urban estuary: historic nitrogen trends and soil structure: Ecological Applications, v. 24, no. 4, p. 633-649, https://doi.org/10.1890/13-0594.1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"633","endPage":"649","numberOfPages":"17","ipdsId":"IP-046181","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472861,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/13-0594.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":290900,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290897,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/13-0594.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Jamaica Bay Estuary","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.049671,40.539818 ], [ -74.049671,40.780 ], [ -73.598545,40.780 ], [ -73.598545,40.539818 ], [ -74.049671,40.539818 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wigand, Cathleen","contributorId":70700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wigand","given":"Cathleen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roman, Charles T.","contributorId":28171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roman","given":"Charles T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davey, Earl","contributorId":65770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davey","given":"Earl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stolt, Mark","contributorId":73506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolt","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Roxanne","contributorId":38066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Roxanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hanson, Alana","contributorId":106022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Alana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Watson, Elizabeth B.","contributorId":56562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Moran, S. Bradley","contributorId":101339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bradley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cahoon, Donald R. 0000-0002-2591-5667 dcahoon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-5667","contributorId":3791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"Donald","email":"dcahoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lynch, James C.","contributorId":54717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"James C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rafferty, Patricia","contributorId":70296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rafferty","given":"Patricia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70117795,"text":"70117795 - 2014 - Mobilization of selenium from the Mancos Shale and associated soils in the lower Uncompahgre River Basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-24T10:50:58","indexId":"70117795","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T10:40:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mobilization of selenium from the Mancos Shale and associated soils in the lower Uncompahgre River Basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"This study investigates processes controlling mobilization of selenium in the lower part of the Uncompahgre River Basin in western Colorado. Selenium occurs naturally in the underlying Mancos Shale and is leached to groundwater and surface water by limited natural runoff, agricultural and domestic irrigation, and leakage from irrigation canals. Soil and sediment samples from the study area were tested using sequential extractions to identify the forms of selenium present in solid phases. Selenium speciation was characterized for nonirrigated and irrigated soils from an agricultural site and sediments from a wetland formed by a leaking canal. In nonirrigated areas, selenium was present in highly soluble sodium salts and gypsum. In irrigated soils, soluble forms of selenium were depleted and most selenium was associated with organic matter that was stable under near-surface weathering conditions. Laboratory leaching experiments and geochemical modeling confirm that selenium primarily is released to groundwater and surface water by dissolution of highly soluble selenium-bearing salts and gypsum present in soils and bedrock. Rates of selenium dissolution determined from column leachate experiments indicate that selenium is released most rapidly when water is applied to previously nonirrigated soils and sediment. High concentrations of extractable nitrate also were found in nonirrigated soils and bedrock that appear to be partially derived from weathered organic matter from the shale rather than from agricultural sources. Once selenium is mobilized, dissolved nitrate derived from natural sources appears to inhibit the reduction of dissolved selenium leading to elevated concentrations of selenium in groundwater. A conceptual model of selenium weathering is presented and used to explain seasonal variations in the surface-water chemistry of Loutzenhizer Arroyo, a major tributary contributor of selenium to the lower Uncompahgre River.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.06.024","usgsCitation":"Mast, M.A., Mills, T.J., Paschke, S.S., Keith, G., and Linard, J.I., 2014, Mobilization of selenium from the Mancos Shale and associated soils in the lower Uncompahgre River Basin, Colorado: Applied Geochemistry, v. 48, p. 16-27, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.06.024.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-053874","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290880,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290879,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.06.024"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Uncompahgre River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.04985,38.469719 ], [ -108.04985,38.694353 ], [ -107.801285,38.694353 ], [ -107.801285,38.469719 ], [ -108.04985,38.469719 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mills, Taylor J. 0000-0001-7252-0521 tmills@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7252-0521","contributorId":4658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"Taylor","email":"tmills@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paschke, Suzanne S.","contributorId":14072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paschke","given":"Suzanne","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keith, Gabrielle","contributorId":21469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"Gabrielle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Linard, Joshua I. jilinard@usgs.gov","contributorId":1465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linard","given":"Joshua","email":"jilinard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70116466,"text":"ofr20141146 - 2014 - Field methods and quality-assurance plan for water-quality activities and water-level measurements, U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-24T10:29:51","indexId":"ofr20141146","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T10:25:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1146","title":"Field methods and quality-assurance plan for water-quality activities and water-level measurements, U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>Water-quality activities and water-level measurements by the personnel of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Project Office coincide with the USGS mission of appraising the quantity and quality of the Nation’s water resources. The activities are carried out in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Idaho Operations Office. Results of the water-quality and hydraulic head investigations are presented in various USGS publications or in refereed scientific journals and the data are stored in the National Water Information System (NWIS) database. The results of the studies are used by researchers, regulatory and managerial agencies, and interested civic groups.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>In the broadest sense, quality assurance refers to doing the job right the first time. It includes the functions of planning for products, review and acceptance of the products, and an audit designed to evaluate the system that produces the products. Quality control and quality assurance differ in that quality control ensures that things are done correctly given the “state-of-the-art” technology, and quality assurance ensures that quality control is maintained within specified limits.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141146","collaboration":"DOE/ID-22230. Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Bartholomay, R.C., Maimer, N.V., and Wehnke, A.J., 2014, Field methods and quality-assurance plan for water-quality activities and water-level measurements, U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1146, Report: iv, 66 p.; Appendix B, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141146.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 66 p.; Appendix B","numberOfPages":"74","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052534","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290874,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141146.PNG"},{"id":290872,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1146/pdf/ofr2014-1146.pdf"},{"id":290873,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1146/downloads/ofr2014-1146_appendixB.xls"},{"id":290871,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1146/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholomay, Roy C. 0000-0002-4809-9287 rcbarth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-9287","contributorId":1131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomay","given":"Roy","email":"rcbarth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maimer, Neil V. 0000-0003-3047-3282 nmaimer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3047-3282","contributorId":5659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maimer","given":"Neil","email":"nmaimer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wehnke, Amy J. 0000-0003-1237-052X ajwehnke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1237-052X","contributorId":5660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wehnke","given":"Amy","email":"ajwehnke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70117677,"text":"70117677 - 2014 - Radar analysis of fall bird migration stopover sites in the northeastern U.S.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-25T12:29:25","indexId":"70117677","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T10:10:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radar analysis of fall bird migration stopover sites in the northeastern U.S.","docAbstract":"The national network of weather surveillance radars (WSR-88D) detects flying birds and is a useful remote-sensing tool for ornithological study. We used data collected during fall 2008 and 2009 by 16 WSR-88D radars in the northeastern U.S. to quantify the spatial distribution of landbirds during migratory stopover. We geo-referenced estimates based on radar reflectivity, of the density of migrants aloft at their abrupt evening exodus from daytime stopover sites, to the approximate locations from which they emerged. We classified bird stopover use by the magnitude and variation of radar reflectivity across nights; areas were considered “important” stopover sites for conservation if bird density was consistently high. We developed statistical models that predict potentially important stopover sites across the region, based on land cover, ground elevation, and geographic location. Large areas of regionally important stopover sites were located along the coastlines of Long Island Sound, throughout the Delmarva Peninsula, in areas surrounding Baltimore and Washington, along the western edge of the Adirondack Mountains, and within the Appalachian Mountains of southwestern Virginia and West Virginia. Locally important stopover sites generally were associated with deciduous forests embedded within landscapes dominated by developed or agricultural lands, or near the shores of major water bodies. Preserving or enhancing patches of natural habitat, particularly deciduous forests, in developed or agricultural landscapes and along major coastlines could be a priority for conservation plans addressing the stopover requirements of migratory landbirds in the northeastern U.S. Our maps of important stopover sites can be used to focus conservation efforts and can serve as a sampling frame for fieldwork to validate radar observations or for ecological studies of landbirds on migratory stopover.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/CONDOR-13-162.1","usgsCitation":"Buler, J., and Dawson, D.K., 2014, Radar analysis of fall bird migration stopover sites in the northeastern U.S.: The Condor, v. 116, no. 3, p. 357-370, https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-13-162.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"370","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-053278","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1650/CONDOR-13-162.1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":290869,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290829,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-13-162.1"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.08,35.21 ], [ -83.08,47.19 ], [ -64.93,47.19 ], [ -64.93,35.21 ], [ -83.08,35.21 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"116","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buler, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":78431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buler","given":"Jeffrey J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, Deanna K. ddawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Deanna","email":"ddawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70117614,"text":"70117614 - 2014 - Widespread occurrence of neonicotinoid insecticides in streams in a high corn and soybean producing region, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:28:07","indexId":"70117614","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T09:51:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Widespread occurrence of neonicotinoid insecticides in streams in a high corn and soybean producing region, USA","docAbstract":"Neonicotinoid insecticides are of environmental concern, but little is known about their occurrence in surface water. An area of intense corn and soybean production in the Midwestern United States was chosen to study this issue because of the high agricultural use of neonicotinoids via both seed treatments and other forms of application. Water samples were collected from nine stream sites during the 2013 growing season. The results for the 79 water samples documented similar patterns among sites for both frequency of detection and concentration (maximum:median) with clothianidin (75%, 257 ng/L:8.2 ng/L) > thiamethoxam (47%, 185 ng/L:<2 ng/L) > imidacloprid (23%, 42.7 ng/L: <2 ng/L). Neonicotinoids were detected at all nine sites sampled even though the basin areas spanned four orders of magnitude. Temporal patterns in concentrations reveal pulses of neonicotinoids associated with rainfall events during crop planting, suggesting seed treatments as their likely source.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.033","usgsCitation":"Hladik, M., Kolpin, D.W., and Kuivila, K., 2014, Widespread occurrence of neonicotinoid insecticides in streams in a high corn and soybean producing region, USA: Environmental Pollution, v. 193, p. 189-196, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.033.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"189","endPage":"196","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-055109","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290863,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290738,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.033"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.52,40.01 ], [ -97.52,44.43 ], [ -89.6,44.43 ], [ -89.6,40.01 ], [ -97.52,40.01 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"193","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hladik, Michelle 0000-0002-0891-2712 mhladik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-2712","contributorId":784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hladik","given":"Michelle","email":"mhladik@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn  0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":1367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn ","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70117644,"text":"sir20145118 - 2014 - Flood inundation maps and water-surface profiles for tropical storm Irene and selected annual exceedance probability floods for Flint Brook and the Third Branch White River in Roxbury, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T18:52:04","indexId":"sir20145118","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T09:31:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5118","title":"Flood inundation maps and water-surface profiles for tropical storm Irene and selected annual exceedance probability floods for Flint Brook and the Third Branch White River in Roxbury, Vermont","docAbstract":"<p>Flint Brook, a tributary to the Third Branch White River in Roxbury, Vermont, has a history of flooding the Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department’s Roxbury Fish Culture Station (the hatchery) and surrounding infrastructure. Flooding resulting from tropical storm Irene on August 28–29, 2011, caused widespread destruction in the region, including extensive and costly damages to the State-owned hatchery and the transportation infrastructure in the Town of Roxbury, Vermont. Sections of State Route 12A were washed out, and several bridges and culverts on Oxbow Road, Thurston Hill Road, and the New England Central Railroad in Roxbury were heavily damaged. Record high peak-discharge estimates of 2,140 cubic feet per second (ft<sup>3</sup>/s) and 4,320 ft<sup>3</sup>/s were calculated for Flint Brook at its confluence with the Third Branch White River and for the Third Branch White River at about 350 feet (ft) downstream from the hatchery, respectively. The annual exceedance probabilities (AEPs) of the peak discharges for Flint Brook and the Third Branch White River were less than 0.2 percent (less than a one in 500 chance of occurring in a given year). Hydrologic and hydraulic analyses of Flint Brook and the Third Branch White River were done to investigate flooding at the hatchery in Roxbury and support efforts by the Federal Emergency Management Agency to assist State and local mitigation and reconstruction efforts.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>During the August 2011 flood, the majority of flow from Flint Brook (97 percent or 2,070 ft<sup>3</sup>/s) diverged from its primary watercourse due to a retaining wall failure immediately upstream of Oxbow Road and inundated the hatchery. Although a minor amount of flow from the Third Branch White River could have overtopped State Route 12A and spilled into the hatchery, the Third Branch White River did not cause flood damages or exacerbate flooding at the hatchery during the August 2011 flood. The Third Branch White River which flows adjacent to the hatchery does not flood the hatchery for the 10-, 2-, 1, or 0.2-percent annual exceedance probabilities. The simulated water-surface elevations for August 2011 flood equal the elevations of State Route 12A about 500 ft downstream of Thurston Hill Road adjacent to the troughs between the rearing ponds.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Four flood mitigation alternatives being considered by the Vermont Agency of Transportation to improve the hydraulic performance of Flint Brook and reduce the risk of flooding at the hatchery include: (A) no changes to the infrastructure or existing alignment of Flint Brook (existing conditions [2014]), (B) structural changes to the bridges and the existing retaining wall along Flint Brook, (C) realignment of Flint Brook to flow along the south side of Oxbow Road to accommodate larger stream discharges, and (D) a diversion channel for flows greater than 1-percent annual exceedance probability. Although the 10-, 2-, and 1-percent AEP floods do not flood the hatchery under alternative A (no changes to the infrastructure), the 0.2-percent AEP flow still poses a flooding threat to the hatchery because flow will continue to overtop the existing retaining wall and flood the hatchery. Under the other mitigation alternatives (B, C, and D) that include some variation of structural changes to bridges, a retaining wall, and (or) channel, the peak discharges for the 10-, 2-, 1-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probabilities do not flood the hatchery.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Water-surface profiles and flood inundation maps of the August 2011 flood and the 10-, 2-, 1-, and 0.2-percent AEPs for four mitigation alternatives were developed for Flint Brook and the Third Branch White River in the vicinity of the hatchery and can be used by the Federal, State, and local agencies to better understand the potential for future flooding at the hatchery.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145118","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Ahearn, E.A., and Lombard, P., 2014, Flood inundation maps and water-surface profiles for tropical storm Irene and selected annual exceedance probability floods for Flint Brook and the Third Branch White River in Roxbury, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5118, iv, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145118.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-057665","costCenters":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290860,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145118.jpg"},{"id":290739,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5118/"},{"id":290859,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5118/pdf/sir2014-5118.pdf"}],"projection":"Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Vermont","city":"Roxbury","otherGeospatial":"Flint Brook;Third Branch White River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.745833,44.0625 ], [ -72.745833,44.075 ], [ -72.741667,44.075 ], [ -72.741667,44.0625 ], [ -72.745833,44.0625 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a8e4b0bc0bec09f8db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ahearn, Elizabeth A. 0000-0002-5633-2640 eaahearn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5633-2640","contributorId":194658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahearn","given":"Elizabeth","email":"eaahearn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lombard, Pamela J. 0000-0002-0983-1906","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0983-1906","contributorId":23899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lombard","given":"Pamela J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70189090,"text":"70189090 - 2014 - Application of near-surface geophysics as part of a hydrologic study of a subsurface drip irrigation system along the Powder River floodplain near Arvada, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-29T14:59:50","indexId":"70189090","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of near-surface geophysics as part of a hydrologic study of a subsurface drip irrigation system along the Powder River floodplain near Arvada, Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp0005\">Rapid development of coalbed natural gas (CBNG) production in the Powder River Basin (PRB) of Wyoming has occurred since 1997. National attention related to CBNG development has focused on produced water management, which is the single largest cost for on-shore domestic producers. Low-cost treatment technologies allow operators to reduce their disposal costs, provide treated water for beneficial use, and stimulate oil and gas production by small operators. Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) systems are one potential treatment option that allows for increased CBNG production by providing a beneficial use for the produced water in farmland irrigation.</p><p id=\"sp0010\">Water management practices in the development of CBNG in Wyoming have been aided by integrated geophysical, geochemical, and hydrologic studies of both the disposal and utilization of water. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) have utilized multi-frequency airborne, ground, and borehole electromagnetic (EM) and ground resistivity methods to characterize the near-surface hydrogeology in areas of produced water disposal. These surveys provide near-surface EM data that can be compared with results of previous surveys to monitor changes in soils and local hydrology over time as the produced water is discharged through SDI.</p><p id=\"sp0015\">The focus of this investigation is the Headgate Draw SDI site, situated adjacent to the Powder River near the confluence of a major tributary, Crazy Woman Creek, in Johnson County, Wyoming. The SDI system was installed during the summer of 2008 and began operation in October of 2008. Ground, borehole, and helicopter electromagnetic (HEM) conductivity surveys were conducted at the site prior to the installation of the SDI system. After the installation of the subsurface drip irrigation system, ground EM surveys have been performed quarterly (weather permitting). The geophysical surveys map the heterogeneity of the near-surface geology and hydrology of the study area. The geophysical data are consistent between surveys using different techniques and between surveys carried out at different times from 2007 through 2011. This paper summarizes geophysical results from the 4-year monitoring study of the SDI system.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2013.10.009","usgsCitation":"Sams, J., Veloski, G., Smith, B.D., Minsley, B.J., Engle, M.A., Lipinski, B.A., Hammack, R.W., and Zupancic, J.W., 2014, Application of near-surface geophysics as part of a hydrologic study of a subsurface drip irrigation system along the Powder River floodplain near Arvada, Wyoming: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 126, p. 128-139, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2013.10.009.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"128","endPage":"139","ipdsId":"IP-045676","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343160,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Powder River floodplain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.14084720611572,\n              44.482728653624804\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.10921859741211,\n              44.482728653624804\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.10921859741211,\n              44.49984185895695\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.14084720611572,\n              44.49984185895695\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.14084720611572,\n              44.482728653624804\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"126","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595611c1e4b0d1f9f050679d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sams, James I.","contributorId":193983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sams","given":"James I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Veloski, Garret","contributorId":193984,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Veloski","given":"Garret","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Bruce D. 0000-0002-1643-2997 bsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-2997","contributorId":845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Bruce","email":"bsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Minsley, Burke J. 0000-0003-1689-1306 bminsley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1689-1306","contributorId":697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minsley","given":"Burke","email":"bminsley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Engle, Mark A. 0000-0001-5258-7374 engle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"Mark","email":"engle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lipinski, Brian A.","contributorId":193985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lipinski","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hammack, Richard W.","contributorId":150019,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hammack","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17887,"text":"National Energy Technology Laboratory, Department of Energy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":702822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zupancic, John W.","contributorId":193986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zupancic","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70112606,"text":"70112606 - 2014 - Biomass modeling of four water intensiveleading world crops using hyperspectral narrowbands in support of HyspIRI Mission","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-30T13:51:21","indexId":"70112606","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-23T15:34:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biomass modeling of four water intensiveleading world crops using hyperspectral narrowbands in support of HyspIRI Mission","docAbstract":"New satellite missions are expected to record high spectral resolution information globally and consistently for the first time, so it is important to identify modeling techniques that take advantage of these new data. In this paper, we estimate biomass for four major crops using ground-based hyperspectral narrowbands. The spectra and their derivatives are evaluated using three modeling techniques: two-band hyperspectral vegetation indices (HVIs), multiple band-HVIs (MB-HVIs) developed from Sequential Search Methods (SSM), and MB-HVIs developed from Principal Component Regression. Overall, the two-band HVIs and MB-HVIs developed from SSMs using first derivative transformed spectra in the visible blue and green and NIR explained more biomass variability and had lower error than the other approaches or transformations; however a better search criterion needs to be developed in order to reflect the true ability of the two-band HVI approach. Short-Wave Infrared 1 (1000 to 1700 nm) proved less effective, but still important in the final models.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","doi":"10.14358/PERS.80.8.757","usgsCitation":"Marshall, M.T., and Thenkabail, P.S., 2014, Biomass modeling of four water intensiveleading world crops using hyperspectral narrowbands in support of HyspIRI Mission: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 80, no. 8, p. 757-772, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.80.8.757.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"757","endPage":"772","ipdsId":"IP-052043","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.80.8.757","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":294385,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294384,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.14358/PERS.80.8.757"}],"volume":"80","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb19e4b08312ac7cef52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, Michael T. mmarshall@usgs.gov","contributorId":5480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Michael","email":"mmarshall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thenkabail, Prasad S. 0000-0002-2182-8822 pthenkabail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2182-8822","contributorId":570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenkabail","given":"Prasad","email":"pthenkabail@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70117138,"text":"70117138 - 2014 - Accuracy of travel time distribution (TTD) models as affected by TTD complexity, observation errors, and model and tracer selection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T10:10:50","indexId":"70117138","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-23T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accuracy of travel time distribution (TTD) models as affected by TTD complexity, observation errors, and model and tracer selection","docAbstract":"Analytical models of the travel time distribution (TTD) from a source area to a sample location are often used to estimate groundwater ages and solute concentration trends. The accuracies of these models are not well known for geologically complex aquifers. In this study, synthetic datasets were used to quantify the accuracy of four analytical TTD models as affected by TTD complexity, observation errors, model selection, and tracer selection. Synthetic TTDs and tracer data were generated from existing numerical models with complex hydrofacies distributions for one public-supply well and 14 monitoring wells in the Central Valley, California. Analytical TTD models were calibrated to synthetic tracer data, and prediction errors were determined for estimates of TTDs and conservative tracer (NO<sub>3</sub>−) concentrations. Analytical models included a new, scale-dependent dispersivity model (SDM) for two-dimensional transport from the watertable to a well, and three other established analytical models. The relative influence of the error sources (TTD complexity, observation error, model selection, and tracer selection) depended on the type of prediction. Geological complexity gave rise to complex TTDs in monitoring wells that strongly affected errors of the estimated TTDs. However, prediction errors for NO3− and median age depended more on tracer concentration errors. The SDM tended to give the most accurate estimates of the vertical velocity and other predictions, although TTD model selection had minor effects overall. Adding tracers improved predictions if the new tracers had different input histories. Studies using TTD models should focus on the factors that most strongly affect the desired predictions.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014WR015625","usgsCitation":"Green, C.T., Zhang, Y., Jurgens, B., Starn, J.J., and Landon, M.K., 2014, Accuracy of travel time distribution (TTD) models as affected by TTD complexity, observation errors, and model and tracer selection: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 7, p. 6191-6213, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015625.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"6191","endPage":"6213","ipdsId":"IP-052071","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014wr015625","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":294376,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015625"},{"id":294377,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.7757,35.0674 ], [ -122.7757,40.7363 ], [ -118.7989,40.7363 ], [ -118.7989,35.0674 ], [ -122.7757,35.0674 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"50","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb0de4b08312ac7ceedd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, Christopher T. 0000-0002-6480-8194 ctgreen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6480-8194","contributorId":1343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Christopher","email":"ctgreen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Yong","contributorId":19029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Yong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jurgens, Bryant C. 0000-0002-1572-113X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1572-113X","contributorId":22454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurgens","given":"Bryant C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Starn, J. Jeffrey","contributorId":101617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starn","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeffrey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Landon, Matthew K. 0000-0002-5766-0494 landon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"Matthew","email":"landon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70056368,"text":"sir20135210 - 2014 - Mesohabitats, fish assemblage composition, and mesohabitat use of the Rio Grande silvery minnow over a range of seasonal flow regimes in the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo del Norte, in and near Big Bend National Park, Texas, 2010-11","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T12:24:47","indexId":"sir20135210","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-23T12:38:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5210","title":"Mesohabitats, fish assemblage composition, and mesohabitat use of the Rio Grande silvery minnow over a range of seasonal flow regimes in the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo del Norte, in and near Big Bend National Park, Texas, 2010-11","docAbstract":"<p>In 2010&ndash;11, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, evaluated the physical characteristics and fish assemblage composition of mapped river mesohabitats at four sites on the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo del Norte (hereinafter Rio Grande) in and near Big Bend National Park, Texas. The four sites used for the river habitat study were colocated with sites where the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has implemented an experimental reintroduction of the Rio Grande silvery minnow (Hybognathus amarus), a federally listed endangered species, into part of the historical range of this species. The four sites from upstream to downstream are USGS station 08374340 Rio Grande at Contrabando Canyon near Lajitas, Tex. (hereinafter the Contrabando site), USGS station 290956103363600 Rio Grande at Santa Elena Canyon, Big Bend National Park, Tex. (hereinafter the Santa Elena site), USGS station 291046102573900 Rio Grande near Ranger Station at Rio Grande Village, Tex. (hereinafter the Rio Grande Village site), and USGS station 292354102491100 Rio Grande above Stillwell Crossing near Big Bend National Park, Tex. (hereinafter the Stillwell Crossing site).</p>\n<p>In-channel river habitat was mapped at the mesohabitat scale over a range of seasonal streamflows. A late summer (August&ndash;September 2010) high-flow regime, an early spring (April&ndash;May 2010) intermediate flow regime, and a late spring (May 2011) low-flow regime were the seasonal flows used in the study. River habitat was mapped in the field by using a geographic information system and a Global Positioning System unit to characterize the sites at the mesohabitat scale. Physical characteristics of a subset of mesohabitats in a reach of the Rio Grande at each site were measured during each flow regime and included depth, velocity, type and size of the substrate, and percent embeddedness. Selected water-quality properties (dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, and temperature) of a subset of mesohabitats were also measured. The fish assemblage composition at the four sites was determined during the three flow regimes, and fish were collected by seining in each mesohabitat where physical characteristic data were measured, except during some periods of high flow when electrofishing was done to supplement seining.</p>\n<p>The total number and number of types of mesohabitats were larger during low flows compared to intermediate flows, and larger during intermediate flows compared to high flows. Decreases in streamflow typically led to increases in channel complexity in terms of the number of different types and total number of mesohabitats present. The total wetted area increased and the number of mesohabitat types generally decreased as streamflow increased. At all four sites, the smallest depths and velocities were generally measured during low flow and the largest depths and velocities at high flow. Specific conductance was relatively consistent between the Contrabando and Santa Elena sites, the two most upstream sites. Specific conductance decreased appreciably between the Santa Elena site and the Rio Grande Village, and decreased slightly between the Rio Grande Village site and the Stillwell Crossing site. Specific-conductance values within and among mesohabitat types at a given site were relatively consistent. The pH values measured within and among mesohabitat types also were relatively consistent at all four sites. Median dissolved oxygen concentrations were relatively consistent between the Contrabando and Santa Elena sites (8.34 and 8.54 milligrams per liter [mg/L], respectively) but decreased along the stretch of river between the Santa Elena and Rio Grande Village sites to 7.31 mg/L, possibly because of small dissolved oxygen concentrations associated with contributions from springs between the Santa Elena and Rio Grande Village sites. Dissolved oxygen concentrations increased substantially between the Rio Grande Village and Stillwell Crossing sites to 10.06 mg/L. Mesohabitat water temperatures were generally highest in mesohabitats commonly associated with shallow water depths and low velocities (forewaters, backwaters, and embayments).</p>\n<p>Of the 21 species of fish collected during the three flow regimes, red shiner (<i>Cyprinella lutrensis</i>) was the most abundant species overall, accounting for about 35 percent of all fish collected. Another minnow, the endemic Tamaulipas shiner (<i>Notropis braytoni</i>), was second in overall abundance. A nonnative species, the common carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>), was the third most abundant species overall. No statistically significant differences in fish-species richness were found among the different mesohabitat types. Median fish-species richness and maximum fish-species richness values were larger, and fish-species richness was more variable in runs, pools, forewaters, and backwaters during low flow compared to the fish-species richness values calculated for intermediate and high flows. Fish density in backwater mesohabitats was significantly different from fish densities in run mesohabitats, but fish densities were not significantly different among the other mesohabitat types.</p>\n<p>Of the 39 Rio Grande silvery minnow individuals collected at the four study sites, 21 (more than half) were collected at the Santa Elena site, 12 at the Contrabando site, and 3 each at the Rio Grande Village and Stillwell Crossing sites. Rio Grande silvery minnow fish-species densities followed the same order as abundance of this species at the sites; fish-species densities ranged from 0.95 fish per 100 square meters (m<sup>2</sup>) at the Santa Elena site to 0.11&ndash;0.47 fish per 100 m<sup>2</sup> at the other three sites. The Rio Grande silvery minnow was most common in pools and runs during low- and intermediate-flow regimes. This species was less commonly collected in backwaters, embayments, and rapids, and none were collected in forewaters or submerged channel bars. The Tamaulipas shiner has similar life-history characteristics compared to the Rio Grande silvery minnow, including similar feeding habits and habitat use. Tamaulipas shiner was most common in backwater, run, and riffle mesohabitats (in decreasing order) during low and intermediate flow and was less common in submerged channel bar, pool, forewater, rapid, and embayment mesohabitats (in decreasing order) during the same flows. The overall relative percent density (composite of all three flow regimes) of Rio Grande silvery minnow was largest in rapid and pool mesohabitats and for Tamaulipas shiner was largest in backwater mesohabitats.</p>\n<p>There were no statistically significant differences between the stream velocities associated with seine hauls of the Rio Grande silvery minnow and Tamaulipas shiner. Stream velocities associated with the seine hauls that included Rio Grande silvery minnow indicate that this species is predominantly found in low-velocity mesohabitats. Velocities associated with seine hauls that included the Tamaulipas shiner represented a much broader overall range of velocities than those associated with Rio Grande silvery minnow collections. No statistically significant differences were found between the depths for seine hauls that included Rio Grande silvery minnow or Tamaulipas shiner. The Rio Grande silvery minnow was more commonly collected in seine hauls from mesohabitats dominated by cobble substrates and less frequently collected in mesohabitats with substrates dominated by fine-sized silt and clay particles, gravels, and sands, in that order. In contrast, the Tamaulipas shiner was broadly distributed among mesohabitats characterized as having gravel, cobble, and silt and clay.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135210","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Moring, J., Braun, C.L., and Pearson, D., 2014, Mesohabitats, fish assemblage composition, and mesohabitat use of the Rio Grande silvery minnow over a range of seasonal flow regimes in the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo del Norte, in and near Big Bend National Park, Texas, 2010-11: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5210, Report: x, 89 p.; Spatial Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135210.","productDescription":"Report: x, 89 p.; Spatial Data","numberOfPages":"103","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-048947","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290799,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135210.jpg"},{"id":290798,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5210/downloads/"},{"id":290797,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5210/pdf/sir2013-5210.pdf"},{"id":290795,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5210/"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Big Bend National Park, Rio Grande","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103.75,28.50 ], [ -103.75,30.00 ], [ -101.25,30.00 ], [ -101.25,28.50 ], [ -103.75,28.50 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a5b8cbe4b0ebae89b78983","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moring, J. Bruce","contributorId":53372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moring","given":"J. Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Braun, Christopher L. 0000-0002-5540-2854 clbraun@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5540-2854","contributorId":925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braun","given":"Christopher","email":"clbraun@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pearson, Daniel K.","contributorId":52014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"Daniel K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70117149,"text":"ofr20141154 - 2014 - Methow River Studies, Washington: abundance estimates from Beaver Creek and the Chewuch River screw trap, methodology testing in the Whitefish Island side channel, and survival and detection estimates from hatchery fish releases, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-24T08:18:46","indexId":"ofr20141154","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-23T09:36:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1154","title":"Methow River Studies, Washington: abundance estimates from Beaver Creek and the Chewuch River screw trap, methodology testing in the Whitefish Island side channel, and survival and detection estimates from hatchery fish releases, 2013","docAbstract":"<p>Salmon and steelhead populations have been severely depleted in the Columbia River from factors such as the presence of tributary dams, unscreened irrigation diversions, and habitat degradation from logging, mining, grazing, and others (Raymond, 1988). The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has been funded by the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) to provide evaluation of on-going Reclamation funded efforts to recover Endangered Species Act (ESA) listed anadromous salmonid populations in the Methow River watershed, a watershed of the Columbia River in the Upper Columbia River Basin, in north-central Washington State (fig. 1). This monitoring and evaluation program was funded to document Reclamation’s effort to partially fulfill the 2008 Federal Columbia River Power System Biological Opinion (BiOp) (National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Fisheries Division 2003). This Biological Opinion includes Reasonable and Prudent Alternatives (RPA) to protect listed salmon and steelhead across their life cycle. Species of concern in the Methow River include Upper Columbia River (UCR) spring Chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>), UCR summer steelhead (<i>O. mykiss</i>), and bull trout (<i>Salvelinus confluentus</i>), which are all listed as threatened or endangered under the ESA. The work done by the USGS since 2004 has encompassed three phases of work. The first phase started in 2004 and continued through 2012. This first phase involved the evaluation of stream colonization and fish production in Beaver Creek following the modification of several water diversions (2000–2006) that were acting as barriers to upstream fish movement. Products to date from this work include: Ruttenburg (2007), Connolly and others (2008), Martens and Connolly (2008), Connolly (2010), Connolly and others (2010), Martens and Connolly (2010), Benjamin and others (2012), Romine and others (2013a), Weigel and others (2013a, 2013b, 2013c), and Martens and others (2014). The second phase, initiated in 2008, focuses on the evaluation of the M2 reach (rkm 66– 80) of the mainstem Methow River prior to restoration actions planned by Reclamation and Yakama Nation. The M2 study was designed to help understand the inter-relationships between stream habitat and the life history of various fish species to explain potential success or limitations in response to restoration actions. To help document changes derived by restoration, two reference reaches (Upper Methow between rkm 85 and 90, and Chewuch River between rkm 4 and 11) were identified based on relative lack of disturbance, proximity to the restoration reach, and relative unconfined geomorphology. A control reach (Lower Methow between rkm 57 and 64, also referred to as “Silver Reach”) was 2 identified based on its similar disturbance as the reference reach, proximity to the restoration reach, and relatively unconfined geomorphology. Products to date include Barber and others (2011), Bellmore (2011), Tibbits and others (2012), Bellmore and others (2013), Benjamin and others (2013), Romine and others (2013b), Bellmore and other (2014), Martens and others (2014), and Martens and Connolly (2014). The third phase of work has been to help with the development and to provide data for modeling efforts.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Most of the planned M2 reach restoration is focused on the creation or improvement of offchannel habitat, especially side channels. The pre-restoration portion of this study has been documented by Martens and Connolly (2014). Side channel restoration actions were initiated in 2012 (Whitefish Island side channel, also referred to as SC3; rkm 76) and are planned to continue over the next several years. The Whitefish Island side channel was modified to maintain hydrological connection with the mainstem throughout the year. In addition, several log structures were installed and pools were deepened to create fish habitat. Prior to restoration, this side channel would lose hydrological connection with the mainstem Methow River, leaving one large pool near the bottom of the side channel and several shallow isolated pools that may or may not go dry. In seasonally connected side channels, juvenile salmonid survival in pools less than 100 cm average depth was lower than in pools greater than 100 cm average depth (Martens and Connolly, 2014).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>In this report, we document our field work and analysis completed in 2013. During 2013, USGS sampling efforts were focused on resampling of three reaches in Beaver Creek, testing methodology in the Whitefish Island side channel, conducting hatchery survival estimates, and operating a screw trap on the Chewuch River (funded by Yakama Nation; fig. 1). The Beaver Creek sampling effort was a revisit of three index sites sampled continuously from 2004 to 2007 to look at the fish response to barrier removal. Methodology testing in Whitefish Island side channel was done to determine the best method for evaluating fish populations after restoration efforts in side channels (previous sampling methods were determined to be ineffective after pools were deepened). Hatchery survival estimates were completed to monitor fish survival in the Methow and Columbia Rivers, while the screw trap was operated to estimate migrating fish populations in the Chewuch River and track passive integrated transponder (PIT)-tagged fish. In addition, we maintained a network of PIT-tag interrogation systems (PTIS), assisted Reclamation with fish removal events associated with stream restoration (two people for 9 days; 14 percent of summer field season), and conducted a stream metabolism study designed to help parameterize and calibrate the stream productivity model (Bellmore and others, 2014) with model validation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141154","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Martens, K.D., Fish, T.M., Watson, G.A., and Connolly, P., 2014, Methow River Studies, Washington: abundance estimates from Beaver Creek and the Chewuch River screw trap, methodology testing in the Whitefish Island side channel, and survival and detection estimates from hatchery fish releases, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1154, iv, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141154.","productDescription":"iv, 38 p.","numberOfPages":"47","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055654","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290754,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141154.JPG"},{"id":290844,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1154/pdf/ofr2014-1154.pdf"},{"id":290752,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1154/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Upper Columbia River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.09,46.73 ], [ -124.09,49.0 ], [ -117.6,49.0 ], [ -117.6,46.73 ], [ -124.09,46.73 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a8e4b0bc0bec09f8e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martens, Kyle D.","contributorId":12740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martens","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fish, Teresa M. tfish@usgs.gov","contributorId":5869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fish","given":"Teresa","email":"tfish@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":495958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watson, Grace A. gwatson@usgs.gov","contributorId":5435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Grace","email":"gwatson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Connolly, Patrick J. 0000-0001-7365-7618 pconnolly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7365-7618","contributorId":2920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"Patrick J.","email":"pconnolly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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