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,{"id":40724,"text":"ofr75418 - 1975 - Digital computer map showing conformation of the bedrock surface, Montgomery County, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:50","indexId":"ofr75418","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-418","title":"Digital computer map showing conformation of the bedrock surface, Montgomery County, Maryland","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr75418","usgsCitation":"Van Driel, J.N., 1975, Digital computer map showing conformation of the bedrock surface, Montgomery County, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-418, 1 map., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75418.","productDescription":"1 map.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":98244,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0418/plate-1.pdf","size":"11186","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":171420,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"48000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d54c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Driel, J. Nicholas","contributorId":80688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Driel","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Nicholas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":11509,"text":"ofr75471 - 1975 - Surface-water availability, Madison County, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:49","indexId":"ofr75471","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-471","title":"Surface-water availability, Madison County, Alabama","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr75471","usgsCitation":"Vanlier, K.E., and Christensen, R.C., 1975, Surface-water availability, Madison County, Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-471, 27 leaves :col. ill., col. maps (some fold. in pocket), fold. tables (in pocket) ;29 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75471.","productDescription":"27 leaves :col. ill., col. maps (some fold. in pocket), fold. tables (in pocket) ;29 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145884,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a721","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vanlier, Kenneth Eugene","contributorId":6840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanlier","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"Eugene","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christensen, Rulon C.","contributorId":73594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Rulon","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":42417,"text":"ofr758 - 1975 - Preliminary geologic map of the southern part of the Three Lakes 7 1/2-minute quadrangle, Baraga County, Michigan","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":42417,"text":"ofr758 - 1975 - Preliminary geologic map of the southern part of the Three Lakes 7 1/2-minute quadrangle, Baraga County, Michigan","indexId":"ofr758","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary geologic map of the southern part of the Three Lakes 7 1/2-minute quadrangle, Baraga County, Michigan"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":66321,"text":"i1078 - 1978 - Bedrock geologic map of the southern part of the Michigamme and Three Lakes quadrangles, Marquette and Baraga counties, Michigan","indexId":"i1078","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Bedrock geologic map of the southern part of the Michigamme and Three Lakes quadrangles, Marquette and Baraga counties, Michigan"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":66321,"text":"i1078 - 1978 - Bedrock geologic map of the southern part of the Michigamme and Three Lakes quadrangles, Marquette and Baraga counties, Michigan","indexId":"i1078","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Bedrock geologic map of the southern part of the Michigamme and Three Lakes quadrangles, Marquette and Baraga counties, Michigan"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-09T20:05:10.834825","indexId":"ofr758","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-8","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the southern part of the Three Lakes 7 1/2-minute quadrangle, Baraga County, Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr758","usgsCitation":"Klasner, J.S., and Cannon, W.F., 1975, Preliminary geologic map of the southern part of the Three Lakes 7 1/2-minute quadrangle, Baraga County, Michigan (Superseded by I-1078): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-8, Report: 4 p.; 1 Plate: 18.15 x 21.56 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr758.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; 1 Plate: 18.15 x 21.56 inches","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":80193,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0008/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":80192,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0008/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":135580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0008/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":398078,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_15235.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Baraga County","otherGeospatial":"Three Lakes 7 1/2 minute quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.125,\n              46.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.25,\n              46.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.25,\n              46.583\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.125,\n              46.583\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.125,\n              46.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Superseded by I-1078","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db6740fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klasner, J. S.","contributorId":66228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klasner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannon, William F. 0000-0002-2699-8118 wcannon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":1883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"William","email":"wcannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":226443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":41188,"text":"ofr75544 - 1975 - Preliminary bedrock geologic map of the Ipswich Quadrangle, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:32","indexId":"ofr75544","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-544","title":"Preliminary bedrock geologic map of the Ipswich Quadrangle, Massachusetts","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr75544","usgsCitation":"Dennen, W.H., 1975, Preliminary bedrock geologic map of the Ipswich Quadrangle, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-544, 2 maps.; 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75544.","productDescription":"2 maps.; 26 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":98390,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0544/plate-1.pdf","size":"4641","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":173371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0544/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":79018,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0544/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c987","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dennen, William H.","contributorId":106082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennen","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":224629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":42415,"text":"ofr7511 - 1975 - Preliminary geologic map of the southern part of the Diorite 7 1/2-minute quadrangle, Marquette County, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-09T20:03:42.517035","indexId":"ofr7511","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-11","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the southern part of the Diorite 7 1/2-minute quadrangle, Marquette County, Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7511","usgsCitation":"Cannon, W.F., and Klasner, J.S., 1975, Preliminary geologic map of the southern part of the Diorite 7 1/2-minute quadrangle, Marquette County, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-11, Report: 7 p.; 1 Plate: 17.19 × 20.49 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7511.","productDescription":"Report: 7 p.; 1 Plate: 17.19 × 20.49 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":108615,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_15096.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"15096"},{"id":80189,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0011/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":80188,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0011/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":135335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0011/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Marquette County","otherGeospatial":"Diorite 7 1/2 minute quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.875,\n              46.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.75,\n              46.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.75,\n              46.542\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.875,\n              46.542\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.875,\n              46.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db674146","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, William F. 0000-0002-2699-8118 wcannon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":1883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"William","email":"wcannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":226439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klasner, J. S.","contributorId":66228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klasner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":42811,"text":"ofr75295 - 1975 - Preliminary reconnaissance geologic map of the Bellota Ranch quadrangle, Pima County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-27T20:20:02.521992","indexId":"ofr75295","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-295","title":"Preliminary reconnaissance geologic map of the Bellota Ranch quadrangle, Pima County, Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr75295","usgsCitation":"Creasey, S., and Theodore, T., 1975, Preliminary reconnaissance geologic map of the Bellota Ranch quadrangle, Pima County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-295, 2 Plates: \t33.74 × 41.28 inches and 13.01 × 48.10 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75295.","productDescription":"2 Plates: \t33.74 × 41.28 inches and 13.01 × 48.10 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176088,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":80627,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0295/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":80626,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0295/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":108625,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_15141.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"15141"}],"scale":"31680","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Pima County","otherGeospatial":"Bellota Ranch quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.5,\n              32.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.75,\n              32.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.75,\n              32.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.5,\n              32.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.5,\n              32.25\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cc7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Creasey, S.C.","contributorId":36109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creasey","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":227171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Theodore, Ted G.","contributorId":57840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theodore","given":"Ted G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":227172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":42814,"text":"ofr75351 - 1975 - Preliminary reconnaissance geologic map of the western half of Kantishna River quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-05T19:40:40.136817","indexId":"ofr75351","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-351","title":"Preliminary reconnaissance geologic map of the western half of Kantishna River quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr75351","usgsCitation":"Chapman, R.M., Yeend, W., and Patton, W.W., 1975, Preliminary reconnaissance geologic map of the western half of Kantishna River quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-351, 1 Plate: 27.18 × 22.36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75351.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 27.18 × 22.36 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":398144,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_15164.htm"},{"id":80629,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0351/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kantishna River quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -153,\n              64\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.417,\n              64\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.417,\n              65\n            ],\n            [\n              -153,\n              65\n            ],\n            [\n              -153,\n              64\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db6964f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapman, Robert Mills","contributorId":88348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Mills","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":227182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yeend, W. E.","contributorId":104879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeend","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":227183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patton, William Wallace Jr.","contributorId":72346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patton","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Wallace","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":227181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":11728,"text":"ofr7543 - 1975 - Sources of emergency water supplies in San Mateo County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:32","indexId":"ofr7543","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-43","title":"Sources of emergency water supplies in San Mateo County, California","docAbstract":"San Mateo County has several densely populated urban areas that get most of their water supplies from surface-water sources that could by damaged by a major earthquake or other general disaster. In the event of such a disaster, limited supplies of potable water may be obtained from selected wells, springs, and perennial streams. \r\n\r\nThis report outlines the principal sources of existing water supplies, gives information on the need for emergency water-supply procedures, presents general criteria needed for selecting emergency water-supply wells, summarizes information for 60 selected water wells, numerous springs, and perennial streams that can be used as sources of water, and describes emergency water-purification procedures that can be used by individuals or small groups of people.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr7543","usgsCitation":"Wood, P., 1975, Sources of emergency water supplies in San Mateo County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-43, iii, 25 p. :maps (1 fold. in pocket) ;26 cm.; (41 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7543.","productDescription":"iii, 25 p. :maps (1 fold. in pocket) ;26 cm.; (41 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0043/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39613,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0043/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39614,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0043/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7628","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, P.R.","contributorId":102068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":41518,"text":"ofr75655 - 1975 - Aeromagnetic map of southwestern Montana and east-central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:10","indexId":"ofr75655","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-655","title":"Aeromagnetic map of southwestern Montana and east-central Idaho","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr75655","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1975, Aeromagnetic map of southwestern Montana and east-central Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-655, 1 map :photocopy ;72 x 135 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75655.","productDescription":"1 map :photocopy ;72 x 135 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175447,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":98452,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0655/plate-1.pdf","size":"8574","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697330","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":530446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":13497,"text":"ofr75467 - 1975 - Availability of surface water in Macon County, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:37","indexId":"ofr75467","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-467","title":"Availability of surface water in Macon County, Alabama","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr75467","usgsCitation":"Ellard, J., 1975, Availability of surface water in Macon County, Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-467, 16 leaves :ill. (some col.), col. maps.; (18 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75467.","productDescription":"16 leaves :ill. (some col.), col. maps.; (18 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144581,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d74a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellard, Jesse S.","contributorId":90315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellard","given":"Jesse S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":10042,"text":"ofr75264 - 1975 - Depositional environments and paleocurrent directions in the Precambrian Moeda Formation, Minas Gerais, Brazil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-03T08:40:08","indexId":"ofr75264","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-264","title":"Depositional environments and paleocurrent directions in the Precambrian Moeda Formation, Minas Gerais, Brazil","docAbstract":"<p>The middle Precambrian Moeda Formation of Minas Gerais, Brazil, contains uranium and other minerals believed to be of detrital origin. Two areas of anomalously high concentrations of uranium have been discovered in conglomeratic zones that are interpreted as paleochannels. Because the distribution of uranium is believed to be controlled at least in part by sedimentation, a reconnaissance study was undertaken to assess the depositional environment and sediment dispersal pattern of the Moeda Formation. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr75264","usgsCitation":"Lindsey, D.A., 1975, Depositional environments and paleocurrent directions in the Precambrian Moeda Formation, Minas Gerais, Brazil: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-264, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75264.","productDescription":"22 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":348157,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0264/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144894,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0264/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Brazil","state":"Minas Gerais","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab1e4b07f02db66e8cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindsey, David A. 0000-0002-9466-0899 dlindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9466-0899","contributorId":773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"David","email":"dlindsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":160719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":47132,"text":"ofr75289 - 1975 - Flood of April 1975 at Williamston, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-02T14:13:52","indexId":"ofr75289","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-289","title":"Flood of April 1975 at Williamston, Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>On April 18 between 5 p.m. and 12 p.m. the city of Williamston experienced an intense rain storm that caused the Red Cedar River and the many small streams in the area to overflow their banks and resulted in the most devastating flood since at least 1904. Local officials estimated a loss of \\$775,000 in property damage. Damage from flooding by the Red Cedar River was caused primarily by inundation, rather than by water moving at high velocity, as is common when many streams are flooded. During the flood of April 1975 many basements were flooded as well as the lower floors of some homes in the flood plain. Additional damage occurred in places when sewers backed up and flooded basements, and when ground water seeped through basement walls and floors—situations that affected many homes including those that were well outside of the flood plain.</p><p>During the time of flooding the U.S. Geological Survey obtained aerial photography and data on a streamflow to document the disaster. This report shows on a photomosaic base map the extent of flooding along the Red Cedar River at Williamston, during the flood. It also presents data obtained at stream-gaging stations near Williamston, as well as the results of peak-flow discharge measurements made on the Red Cedar River at Michigan State Highway M-52 east of the city. Information on the magnitude of the flood can guide in making decisions pertaining to the use of flood-plains in the area. It is one of a series of reports on the April 1975 flood in the Lansing metropolitan area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr75289","usgsCitation":"Knutilla, R., and Swallow, L., 1975, Flood of April 1975 at Williamston, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-289, 54.66 x 39.77 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75289.","productDescription":"54.66 x 39.77 inches","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":99864,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0289/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":169272,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0289/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","city":"Williamston","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.7158203125,\n              43.00866413845207\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.06164550781249,\n              43.004647127794435\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.0506591796875,\n              42.33012354634196\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.0399169921875,\n              42.35042512243457\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.04541015625,\n              42.52069952914966\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.7213134765625,\n              42.54093947168063\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.7158203125,\n              43.00866413845207\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5eef9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knutilla, R. L.","contributorId":65451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knutilla","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swallow, L.A.","contributorId":105683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swallow","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":13533,"text":"ofr75263 - 1975 - Metallogenic provinces of the southeastern Pacific region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-03T17:41:11.868663","indexId":"ofr75263","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-263","title":"Metallogenic provinces of the southeastern Pacific region","docAbstract":"<p>Metalliferous mineral deposits of the southeastern Pacific region include: (1) hydrothermal, magmatic, and sedimentary deposits of the Andean region, one of the great mineral belts of the world; 2) Scattered hydrothermal mineral occurrences in the Antarctic Peninsula; and 3) metal-enriched pelagic sediments, ferromanganese nodules, and volcanic rocks(?) in the southeast Pacific basin. Andean metalliferous deposits, the chief concern of this report, are for the most part spatially and genetically related to calc-alkaline plutons, sub-volcanic intrusions, and volcanic rocks emplaced during the Andean orogeny of Late Triassic to Quaternary age. These deposits are components of a single metallogenic province superimposed on two or more pre-Andean metallogenic provinces that are indicated by scattered deposits of Paleozoic and Precambrian(?) age. Occurrences in the Antarctic Peninsula are of age and origin similar to the deposits in the Andes and are considered to belong to the Andean province.</p><p>The Andean metallogenic province may be divided into several subprovinces, each parallel to the Andes and the continental margin and each having a dominant metal or suite of metals. The central Andes of Peru, northern Chile, and Bolivia, which contain the greatest concentration of exploitable deposits and the greatest variety of ore types, have as many as five linear partly overlapping subprovinces. These sub-provinces, from west to east (Pacific coast to the eastern Andean front), are characterized, respectively, by deposits of : 1) iron; 2) copper, with or without associated gold; 3) polymetallic base metals (zinc, lead, copper), generally containing silver; 4) tin; and 5) gold. Iron deposits chiefly are near the coast in central to northern Chile and in southern Peru. The copper and polymetallic provinces are characterized by abundant deposits in the central Andean region but comparatively few scattered deposits in the north (Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela) and in southern Chile and Argentina. Scattered gold-rich veins and placers occur along the western Andean front and coastal region, the general area of the copper province, from central Chile to northern Colombia. Similar deposits occur along a discontinuous belt in the eastern Andes from Bolivia to Ecuador and in the central Andes of Colombia. Tin deposits are almost wholly restricted to the eastern Andes of Bolivia.</p><p>The position and age distribution of plutonic and volcanic rocks and associated metalliferous deposits of the Andes indicate presence of an active subduction zone in this region since at least Late Triassic time. Magmas of the calc-alkaline igneous rocks are believed to have formed chiefly by partial melting of mantle, oceanic sediments, and oceanic crust along the Benioff zone at depths of 100 to 200 km. Plutonic and volcanic rocks show a general though nonuniform progression of decreasing age from west to east. Rocks of Jurassic and Cretaceous age are most abundant near the coast, whereas those of Tertiary and Quaternary age dominate in the Andes. Locally, intrusive rocks and ore deposits of widely different ages are juxtaposed. Metals of the ore deposits associated with the calc-alkaline rocks were supplied by the source rocks in the Benioff zone, some of which probably had been previously enriched in certain metals at the ancestral East Pacific Rise and were mobilized or assimilated from metal-rich zones in the overlying mantle and continental crust by magmas rising from the Benioff zone.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr75263","usgsCitation":"Ericksen, G.E., 1975, Metallogenic provinces of the southeastern Pacific region: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-263, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75263.","productDescription":"52 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":429477,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0263/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145452,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0263/report-thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"southeastern Pacific region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.56096459455483,\n              16.30575727916235\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.56096459455483,\n              -56.01329569904763\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.2348972705509,\n              -56.01329569904763\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.2348972705509,\n              16.30575727916235\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.56096459455483,\n              16.30575727916235\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db628710","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ericksen, George Edward","contributorId":38537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ericksen","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":16007,"text":"ofr75306 - 1975 - Preliminary description and interpretation of cores and radiographs from Clear Lake, Lake County, California; Core 8","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:01","indexId":"ofr75306","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-306","title":"Preliminary description and interpretation of cores and radiographs from Clear Lake, Lake County, California; Core 8","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr75306","usgsCitation":"Sims, J.D., and Rymer, M.J., 1975, Preliminary description and interpretation of cores and radiographs from Clear Lake, Lake County, California; Core 8: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-306, 15, [28, 8] leaves :ill., maps ;28 cm.; (50 p., 7 sheets - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75306.","productDescription":"15, [28, 8] leaves :ill., maps ;28 cm.; (50 p., 7 sheets - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147507,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0306/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":44953,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0306/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c64b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sims, John D.","contributorId":60202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sims","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rymer, Michael J. mrymer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rymer","given":"Michael","email":"mrymer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":172080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":13270,"text":"ofr75459 - 1975 - Water availability and geology of Sumter County, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:54","indexId":"ofr75459","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-459","title":"Water availability and geology of Sumter County, Alabama","docAbstract":"Geologic units that crop out in Sumter County include the Selma Group of Late Cretaceous age; the Midway and Wilcox Groups of Tertiary Age; and terrace deposits and alluvium of Quaternary age. The Tuscaloosa Group, consisting of the Coker and Gordo Formations, and Eutaw Formation of Late Cretaceous age underlie the entire county. The Cretaceous units dip southwestward about 45 feet per mile and strike northwestward. They consist chiefly of deposits of sand, gravel, chalk, and clay.\r\n\r\nPotential sources of large supplies of ground water are major aquifers in the Coker, Gordo, and Eutaw Formations; expected yields are 1.6 mgd (million gallons per day or more per well. The Naheola and Nanafalia formations, Tuscahome Sand, and terrace deposits and alluvium are expected to yield 10 to 50 gallons per minute per well.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr75459","usgsCitation":"Davis, M.E., Sanford, T., and Jefferson, P.O., 1975, Water availability and geology of Sumter County, Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-459, 48 leaves :ill. (some col.), maps (some folded, col.) ;29 cm.; (193 p. - PGS) , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75459.","productDescription":"48 leaves :ill. (some col.), maps (some folded, col.) ;29 cm.; (193 p. - PGS) 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,{"id":27792,"text":"wri7543 - 1975 - Perspective on use of fresh water for cooling systems of thermoelectric powerplants in Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-02T14:05:49","indexId":"wri7543","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-43","title":"Perspective on use of fresh water for cooling systems of thermoelectric powerplants in Florida","docAbstract":"<p>Cooling ponds, evaporative cooling towers, and once-through cooling systems of thermoelectric powerplants consume appreciable quantities of water. In Florida a cooling pond for a 1,000 megawatt nuclear power-plant operating at full load in sulluner consumes about 12.5 million gallons of water per day (0.55 cubic metres per second). A cooling tower for a plant of the same size consumes about 14.8 million gallons per day (0.65 cubic metres per second). Because the natural water loss to evaporation is greater for a water body than for a land area of comparable size in the same general environment, the total water consumption attributable to powerplant cooling may be greater for a cooling pond than for a cooling tower in instances where, for lack of a suitable natural water body, a cooling pond is created out of a dryland area. Additional water is required to maintain the chemical quality of the recycled cooling water, the quantity varying with the chemical quality of the makeup water and the concentration of chemical constituents that can be tolerated in the cooling water. Once-through cooling systems require 5 to 10 percent less water than cooling ponds, but the total withdrawal of water for this method is so large that it is practicable in Florida only along the coast where saline water can be used.</p><p>In 1970 cooling systems of powerplants in Florida consumed about 106 million gallons per day (4.6 cubic metres per second), mostly saline water. Water consumption for power production in Florida could increase to 400 million gallons per day (17.5 cubic metres per second) by 1990 and to 800 million gallons per day (35.0 cubic metres per second) by 2000. Demand also will increase greatly for other uses that require Fresh water. The continued use of saline water for cooling systems of 3owerplants would help to conserve the fresh-water supply for these uses.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. 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,{"id":97830,"text":"pp907B - 1975 - Geochemical Exploration Techniques Applicable in the Search for Copper Deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:31","indexId":"pp907B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"907","chapter":"B","title":"Geochemical Exploration Techniques Applicable in the Search for Copper Deposits","docAbstract":"Geochemical exploration is an important part of copper-resource evaluation. A large number of geochemical exploration techniques, both proved and untried, are available to the geochemist to use in the search for new copper deposits.\r\n\r\nAnalyses of whole-rock samples have been used in both regional and local geochemical exploration surveys in the search for copper. Analyses of mineral separates, such as biotite, magnetite, and sulfides, have also been used.\r\n\r\nAnalyses of soil samples are widely used in geochemical exploration, especially for localized surveys. It is important to distinguish between residual and transported soil types. Orientation studies should always be conducted prior to a geochemical investigation in a given area in order to determine the best soil horizon and the best size of soil material for sampling in that area. Silty frost boils, caliche, and desert varnish are specialized types of soil samples that might be useful sampling media.\r\n\r\nSoil gas is a new and potentially valuable geochemical sampling medium, especially in exploring for buried mineral deposits in arid regions. Gaseous products in samples of soil may be related to base-metal deposits and include mercury vapor, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, carbon oxysulfide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, the noble gases, the halogens, and many hydrocarbon compounds.\r\n\r\nTransported materials that have been used in geochemical sampling programs include glacial float boulders, glacial till, esker gravels, stream sediments, stream-sediment concentrates, and lake sediments. Stream-sediment sampling is probably the most widely used and most successful geochemical exploration technique.\r\n\r\nHydrogeochemical exploration programs have utilized hot- and cold-spring waters and their precipitates as well as waters from lakes, streams, and wells. Organic gel found in lakes and at stream mouths is an unproved sampling medium. Suspended material and dissolved gases in any type of water may also be useful media. Samples of ice and snow have been used for limited geochemical surveys.\r\n\r\nBoth geobotanical and biogeochemical surveys have been successful in locating copper deposits in many parts of the world. Micro-organisms, including bacteria and algae, are other unproved media that should be studied.\r\n\r\nAnimals can be used in geochemical-prospecting programs. Dogs have been used quite successfully to sniff out hidden and exposed sulfide minerals. Tennite mounds are commonly composed of subsurface material, but have not as yet proved to be useful in locating buried mineral deposits. Animal tissue and waste products are essentially unproved but potentially valuable sampling media. Knowledge of the location of areas where trace-element-associated diseases in animals and man are endemic as well as a better understanding of these diseases, may aid in identifying regions that are enriched in or depleted of various elements, including copper.\r\n\r\nResults of analyses of gases in the atmosphere are proving valuable in mineral-exploration surveys. Studies involving metallic compounds exhaled by plants into the atmosphere, and of particulate matter suspended in the atmosphere are reviewed these methods may become important in the future.\r\n\r\nRemote-sensing techniques are useful for making indirect measurements of geochemical responses. Two techniques applicable to geochemical exploration are neutron-activation analysis and gamma-ray spectrometry. Aerial photography is especially useful in vegetation surveys. Radar imagery is an unproved but potentially valuable method for use in studies of vegetation in perpetually clouded regions.\r\n\r\nWith the advent of modern computers, many new techniques, such as correlation analysis, regression analysis, discriminant analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, trend-surface analysis, and moving-average analysis can be applied to geochemical data sets. Selective use of these techniques can provide new insights into the interpretatio","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp907B","usgsCitation":"Chaffee, M.A., 1975, Geochemical Exploration Techniques Applicable in the Search for Copper Deposits: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 907, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp907B.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121972,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0907a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":91374,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0907a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae825","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaffee, Maurice A. mchaffee@usgs.gov","contributorId":4047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaffee","given":"Maurice","email":"mchaffee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":14901,"text":"ofr75644 - 1975 - Preliminary study of geotechnical properties of the Fort Union Formation from two drill holes near Asland, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:46","indexId":"ofr75644","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-644","title":"Preliminary study of geotechnical properties of the Fort Union Formation from two drill holes near Asland, Montana","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr75644","usgsCitation":"McGregor, E.E., 1975, Preliminary study of geotechnical properties of the Fort Union Formation from two drill holes near Asland, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-644, 19 leaves ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75644.","productDescription":"19 leaves ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aace4b07f02db66a163","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGregor, Edward E.","contributorId":95886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGregor","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":47113,"text":"ofr75377 - 1975 - Geologic map of the Cobhill 7 1/2-minute Quadrangle, east-central Kentucky","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":47113,"text":"ofr75377 - 1975 - Geologic map of the Cobhill 7 1/2-minute Quadrangle, east-central Kentucky","indexId":"ofr75377","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Cobhill 7 1/2-minute Quadrangle, east-central Kentucky"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":61695,"text":"gq710 - 1968 - Geologic map of the Cobb quadrangle, Trigg and Caldwell Counties, Kentucky","indexId":"gq710","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Cobb quadrangle, Trigg and Caldwell Counties, Kentucky"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":61695,"text":"gq710 - 1968 - Geologic map of the Cobb quadrangle, Trigg and Caldwell Counties, Kentucky","indexId":"gq710","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Cobb quadrangle, Trigg and Caldwell Counties, Kentucky"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:54","indexId":"ofr75377","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-377","title":"Geologic map of the Cobhill 7 1/2-minute Quadrangle, east-central Kentucky","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr75377","usgsCitation":"Haney, D.C., 1975, Geologic map of the Cobhill 7 1/2-minute Quadrangle, east-central Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-377, 3 maps., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75377.","productDescription":"3 maps.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":135135,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0ae4b07f02db69ca3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haney, Donald Clay","contributorId":58251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"Clay","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":13349,"text":"ofr7524 - 1975 - Predicted double-couple S-polarization angles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-07T18:43:44.228096","indexId":"ofr7524","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-24","title":"Predicted double-couple S-polarization angles","docAbstract":"<p>The main purpose of this paper is to provide a graphical procedure with which to evaluate the orientation of an earthquake source using S-polarization angles. Background material is presented on the use of S-polarization angles, including the necessary material for the use of the catalog and the manner of its construction. A family of plots of theoretically predicted S-polarization angles is presented. There are 162 different diagrams in this catalog which may be used to determine the orientation of the focal planes of an earthquake to within about 5 degrees of the orientation of either plane.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7524","usgsCitation":"Dillinger, W., 1975, Predicted double-couple S-polarization angles: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-24, i, 193 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7524.","productDescription":"i, 193 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":429675,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0024/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147518,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0024/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ea36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dillinger, W.H.","contributorId":95489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillinger","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":11525,"text":"ofr75682 - 1975 - Are lithium resources adequate for energy self-sufficiency?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:50","indexId":"ofr75682","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-682","title":"Are lithium resources adequate for energy self-sufficiency?","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr75682","usgsCitation":"Vine, J.D., 1975, Are lithium resources adequate for energy self-sufficiency?: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-682, 14 leaves :ill. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75682.","productDescription":"14 leaves :ill. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146241,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db67411d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vine, James David","contributorId":52147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vine","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":38728,"text":"pp712C - 1975 - Hydrogeologic and hydrochemical framework, south-central Great Basin, Nevada-California, with special reference to the Nevada Test Site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-15T20:17:24.058283","indexId":"pp712C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"712","chapter":"C","title":"Hydrogeologic and hydrochemical framework, south-central Great Basin, Nevada-California, with special reference to the Nevada Test Site","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp712C","usgsCitation":"Winograd, I., and Thordarson, W., 1975, Hydrogeologic and hydrochemical framework, south-central Great Basin, Nevada-California, with special reference to the Nevada Test Site: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 712, Report: 125 p.; 3 Plates: 52.29 × 38.93 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp712C.","productDescription":"Report: 125 p.; 3 Plates: 52.29 × 38.93 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":268397,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0712c/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":268396,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0712c/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":268398,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0712c/plate-3.pdf"},{"id":65584,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0712c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119568,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0712c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":484615,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5012.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Nevada Test Site","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117,\n              37.6667\n            ],\n            [\n              -117,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -115,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -115,\n              37.6667\n            ],\n            [\n              -117,\n              37.6667\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628cd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winograd, I.J.","contributorId":10408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winograd","given":"I.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thordarson, William","contributorId":23539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thordarson","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":13835,"text":"ofr7565 - 1975 - Possible further evidence for 3.8 b.y.-old rocks in the Minnesota River Valley of southwestern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:49","indexId":"ofr7565","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-65","title":"Possible further evidence for 3.8 b.y.-old rocks in the Minnesota River Valley of southwestern Minnesota","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr7565","usgsCitation":"Goldich, S.S., Doe, B.R., and Delevaux, M.H., 1975, Possible further evidence for 3.8 b.y.-old rocks in the Minnesota River Valley of southwestern Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-65, 11 leaves :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7565.","productDescription":"11 leaves :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146094,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683b6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldich, Samuel S.","contributorId":50531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldich","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doe, Bruce R.","contributorId":87554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doe","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Delevaux, Maryse Helen","contributorId":44162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delevaux","given":"Maryse","email":"","middleInitial":"Helen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":12721,"text":"ofr75594 - 1975 - Effects of a landfill on groundwater quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:39","indexId":"ofr75594","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-594","title":"Effects of a landfill on groundwater quality","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr75594","usgsCitation":"Boggess, D.H., 1975, Effects of a landfill on groundwater quality: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-594, 40, [13] leaves :ill., maps ;27 cm.; (44 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75594.","productDescription":"40, [13] leaves :ill., maps ;27 cm.; (44 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624de4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boggess, Durward Hoye","contributorId":13243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boggess","given":"Durward","email":"","middleInitial":"Hoye","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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