An exceptionally well exposed marine-nonmarine transition in middle Miocene strata exists in the southeastern Caliente Range, California. About 50 individual progradational sequences form a succession that ranges in thickness from approximately 1000 m (where predominantly nonmarine) to more than 2500 m (where predominantly marine). Paleogreographic evidence in basalt flows near the top of the succession and in overlying fluvial deposists indicates that these middle Miocene strata were deposited across a north-northwest trending shoreline.
A complete progradational sequence typically is several meters to a few tens of meters thick and includes strata that represent three intertonguing stratigraphic units. Individual sequences generally rest on a thin gravel deposit interpreted as a transgressive lag on an erosional surface. The gravel is overlain by structureless siltstone or fine-grained sandstone deposited at water depths where the rate of faunal mixing exceeded that of production of structures by physical processes. These rocks grade upward into bedded fine sandstone deposited closer to shore where physical processes exceeded bioturbation. Crossbedded lenses of coarse sand or fine gravel in the upper part of this facies suggest the presence of failry long-period surface waves. The bedded fine sandstone is sharply overlain by a crossbedded coarse sandstone facies that is interpreted as a combined offshore bar-rip channel-surf zone assemblage. Cross-strata dip dominantly offshore, suggesting substantial deposition from rip currents. A secondary, shore=parallel mode of cross-strata direction suggests longshore currents produced by surface waves from the northwest. The crossbedded coarse-grained sandstone grades upward into planar-bedded medium-grained sandstone that is interpreted as a beach foreshore. This facies grades upward through structureless medium-grained sandstone into nonmarine or lagoonal red and green mudstone of the Caliente Formation.
The middle Miocene succession was deposited in a subsiding basin that was otherwise remarkably stable tectonically; the position of the strand line differed no more than a few kilometers through a period of 1 to 3 m.y. The average duration of the transgressive-regressive cycles, a few tens of thousands of years, together with their distribution in groups of three or four in the lower two-thirds of the succession, is consistent with the pattern of long-term climatic cycles produced by periodicity of the earth's solar orbit and may be related to eustatic sea level changes attendant to the development of the Antarctic ice cap. Changes in the pattern of progradation in the upper part of the succession and nearby basaltic eruptions may hav been precursors to the onset of movement along the San Andreas fault in this area 12-14 m.y. ago.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists","doi":"10.1306/212F7C39-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Clifton, H.E., 1981, Progradational sequences in Miocene shoreline deposits, southeastern Caliente Range, California: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 51, no. 1, p. 165-184, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F7C39-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"165","endPage":"184","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":343064,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Caliente Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.34973144531249,\n 34.864524651614815\n ],\n [\n -119.66033935546875,\n 34.864524651614815\n ],\n [\n -119.66033935546875,\n 35.35545618392078\n ],\n [\n -120.34973144531249,\n 35.35545618392078\n ],\n [\n -120.34973144531249,\n 34.864524651614815\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59660f16e4b0d1f9f05cef32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clifton, H. Edward","contributorId":46503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clifton","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70188946,"text":"70188946 - 1981 - On the use of nonlinear soil models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T16:47:56","indexId":"70188946","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"On the use of nonlinear soil models","docAbstract":"The basic definitions of, and the differences between, currently available soil models are reviewed. These models are applied to site response analyses where two depths and two levels of base input motion are considered. Computational results are presented and compared with regard to the effects of using different soil models on computed site response. Other implications resulting from the choice of soil model for seismic response analysis are also discussed.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings: First International Conference on Recent Advances in Geochemical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"1981 - First International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering & Soil Dynamics","conferenceDate":"April 26-May 3, 1981","conferenceLocation":"St. Louis, MO","language":"English","publisher":"International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics","usgsCitation":"Chen, A.T., 1981, On the use of nonlinear soil models, in Proceedings: First International Conference on Recent Advances in Geochemical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, St. Louis, MO, April 26-May 3, 1981, p. 435-440.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"435","endPage":"440","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":343046,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536ee2e4b062508e3c7b2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Albert T.F.","contributorId":80671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70188737,"text":"70188737 - 1981 - Economic geology of Tioga and Bradford Counties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-22T14:39:56","indexId":"70188737","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Economic geology of Tioga and Bradford Counties","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","largerWorkTitle":"Guidebook for the 46th Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists","conferenceTitle":"Forty-sixth annual field conference of Pennsylvania geologists, 1981.","conferenceDate":"October 2-3, 1981","conferenceLocation":"Wellsboro, PA","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Luce, P., and Edmunds, W., 1981, Economic geology of Tioga and Bradford Counties, in Guidebook for the 46th Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists, Wellsboro, PA, October 2-3, 1981, p. 57-74.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"74","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":342772,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342771,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fcopg.org/history/guidebooks"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Bradford County, Tioga County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-76.9291,42.0024],[-76.9095,42.0025],[-76.8966,42.0026],[-76.6476,42.0019],[-76.6334,42.0017],[-76.5964,42.0013],[-76.5618,42.0009],[-76.5531,42.0008],[-76.5229,42.0005],[-76.466,41.9999],[-76.3826,41.9989],[-76.1467,41.9991],[-76.1382,41.898],[-76.1336,41.8467],[-76.1285,41.7935],[-76.1258,41.773],[-76.1219,41.7217],[-76.1171,41.6531],[-76.1959,41.648],[-76.1996,41.6467],[-76.2015,41.6435],[-76.2015,41.6426],[-76.2015,41.6408],[-76.2016,41.6353],[-76.2016,41.6344],[-76.2023,41.6335],[-76.2029,41.6322],[-76.2063,41.6145],[-76.209,41.6004],[-76.2091,41.5982],[-76.2184,41.5579],[-76.2217,41.5447],[-76.2383,41.5458],[-76.2432,41.5463],[-76.2487,41.5468],[-76.3277,41.5526],[-76.4454,41.5608],[-76.5,41.5649],[-76.5975,41.5715],[-76.6367,41.5745],[-76.6478,41.5755],[-76.6619,41.5765],[-76.679,41.578],[-76.6938,41.579],[-76.6993,41.5795],[-76.7496,41.5834],[-76.7569,41.5839],[-76.787,41.5872],[-76.7949,41.5882],[-76.8005,41.5887],[-76.8103,41.5896],[-76.8133,41.5901],[-76.8219,41.5911],[-76.8379,41.593],[-76.8747,41.5968],[-76.8772,41.5941],[-76.8932,41.586],[-76.9,41.5842],[-76.9073,41.5824],[-76.9129,41.5815],[-76.9135,41.5815],[-76.9147,41.582],[-76.9159,41.5825],[-76.9172,41.5825],[-76.9202,41.5811],[-76.9233,41.577],[-76.9258,41.5721],[-76.9308,41.5698],[-76.9375,41.5685],[-76.9455,41.5667],[-76.9517,41.5644],[-76.9572,41.5608],[-76.961,41.5559],[-76.9634,41.5522],[-76.999,41.551],[-77.0009,41.5506],[-77.0751,41.5481],[-77.1279,41.5469],[-77.1979,41.5457],[-77.25,41.5449],[-77.2807,41.5445],[-77.2954,41.5441],[-77.315,41.5442],[-77.3335,41.5442],[-77.3512,41.5442],[-77.3905,41.5438],[-77.4034,41.5438],[-77.4801,41.5434],[-77.4813,41.5434],[-77.4868,41.5434],[-77.4997,41.5434],[-77.5193,41.5434],[-77.5978,41.5424],[-77.5991,41.5424],[-77.5997,41.5497],[-77.601,41.5987],[-77.601,41.6128],[-77.6017,41.6437],[-77.6017,41.6518],[-77.603,41.6999],[-77.603,41.7186],[-77.6043,41.7472],[-77.6043,41.7499],[-77.6043,41.7558],[-77.605,41.7944],[-77.605,41.8007],[-77.6056,41.8093],[-77.6056,41.8121],[-77.6057,41.8334],[-77.6063,41.8402],[-77.6076,41.9015],[-77.6076,41.9174],[-77.6077,41.9211],[-77.6096,41.9998],[-77.4394,42.001],[-77.1767,42.0002],[-77.1133,42.001],[-76.9651,42.0023],[-76.9291,42.0024]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Bradford\",\"state\":\"PA\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594cd745e4b062508e395207","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luce, P.B.","contributorId":193265,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luce","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":699526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edmunds, W.E.","contributorId":45475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edmunds","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":699527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188670,"text":"70188670 - 1981 - Potential source for crushed granite aggregate in Heard County, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-20T17:53:40","indexId":"70188670","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"Geologic Report Number 3","title":"Potential source for crushed granite aggregate in Heard County, Georgia","docAbstract":"The production of crushed stone suitable for highway and general construction is a major industry in Georgia. The state ranks eighth in the nation in overall crushed stone production, and first in crushed granite production. Crushed stone production in Georgia in 1979 was 40,902,000 short tons worth $154,021,000 (D.H. White, Jr., US Bureau of Mines, personal commun., Aug. 1980). More than 3,000 people were employed by the crushed stone industry in Georgia during that year.
Presently, the only active quarry in Heard County is located in an amphibolite. Amphibolite is not a conventional aggregate. It has a high specific gravity, a tendency to make elongate fragments, and varies considerably in abrasion tests.
Because the nearest approved aggregate quarry is more than 25 miles from Franklin, the county seat, the purpose of this brief report is to describe a body of granite gneiss that may provide suitable aggregate for the crushed stone industry, potential quarry operators and various agencies in Heard County. This report is part of a project to study the geology and mineral resources of the Piedmont south of the Brevard Zone, and is not intended to supplant detailed site investigations by industry or consultants. The report is a joint effort between the Georgia Geologic Survey and the Office of Materials and Research of the Georgia Department of Transportation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Georgia Department of Natural Resources","publisherLocation":"Atlanta, GA","usgsCitation":"Atkins, R.L., Higgins, M.W., and Dickerson, R.P., 1981, Potential source for crushed granite aggregate in Heard County, Georgia, iv, 8 p.","productDescription":"iv, 8 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":342692,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342691,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.americangeosciences.org/critical-issues/research-database/docs/potential-source-crushed-granite-aggregate-heard-county"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Heard County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.0151,33.4255],[-85.0139,33.4228],[-85.011,33.4146],[-85.0057,33.4015],[-85.004,33.3974],[-84.9998,33.3866],[-84.968,33.3007],[-84.9604,33.2822],[-84.9489,33.2824],[-84.9485,33.266],[-84.9545,33.2659],[-84.9486,33.25],[-84.9392,33.2247],[-85.0001,33.2027],[-85.0017,33.2023],[-85.005,33.2013],[-85.0088,33.1999],[-85.0121,33.1984],[-85.0213,33.1951],[-85.0262,33.1936],[-85.0414,33.1884],[-85.0414,33.1875],[-85.0424,33.1852],[-85.044,33.1828],[-85.0451,33.1819],[-85.0456,33.1815],[-85.0473,33.1814],[-85.0484,33.1814],[-85.0511,33.1818],[-85.0517,33.1823],[-85.0534,33.1831],[-85.0556,33.1836],[-85.0578,33.184],[-85.0589,33.1835],[-85.0594,33.183],[-85.0604,33.1816],[-85.061,33.1812],[-85.0615,33.1807],[-85.0631,33.1802],[-85.0642,33.1798],[-85.0647,33.1784],[-85.0658,33.1784],[-85.0729,33.176],[-85.0882,33.172],[-85.0877,33.1752],[-85.0878,33.1784],[-85.088,33.1866],[-85.0979,33.1869],[-85.0981,33.1951],[-85.108,33.1954],[-85.1081,33.1785],[-85.1174,33.1788],[-85.1175,33.1638],[-85.1295,33.1604],[-85.1426,33.1565],[-85.1942,33.1418],[-85.1991,33.1404],[-85.2307,33.1311],[-85.2373,33.1296],[-85.264,33.262],[-85.2946,33.428],[-85.2655,33.4276],[-85.2501,33.4279],[-85.2198,33.4276],[-85.1989,33.4271],[-85.1923,33.4272],[-85.1791,33.427],[-85.1224,33.4267],[-85.1197,33.4268],[-85.0977,33.4267],[-85.085,33.4265],[-85.0542,33.4261],[-85.0151,33.4255]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Heard\",\"state\":\"GA\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594a342be4b062508e36af6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atkins, R. L.","contributorId":77540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkins","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Higgins, Michael W.","contributorId":178198,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higgins","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dickerson, Robert P.","contributorId":6461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickerson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188738,"text":"70188738 - 1981 - Road log","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-22T14:46:24","indexId":"70188738","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Road log","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Guidebook for the 46th Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"language":"English","publisher":"Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists","usgsCitation":"1981, Road log, in Guidebook for the 46th Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists, p. 103-163.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"163","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":342778,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342777,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fcopg.org/history/guidebooks"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Bradford County, Tioga County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-76.9291,42.0024],[-76.9095,42.0025],[-76.8966,42.0026],[-76.6476,42.0019],[-76.6334,42.0017],[-76.5964,42.0013],[-76.5618,42.0009],[-76.5531,42.0008],[-76.5229,42.0005],[-76.466,41.9999],[-76.3826,41.9989],[-76.1467,41.9991],[-76.1382,41.898],[-76.1336,41.8467],[-76.1285,41.7935],[-76.1258,41.773],[-76.1219,41.7217],[-76.1171,41.6531],[-76.1959,41.648],[-76.1996,41.6467],[-76.2015,41.6435],[-76.2015,41.6426],[-76.2015,41.6408],[-76.2016,41.6353],[-76.2016,41.6344],[-76.2023,41.6335],[-76.2029,41.6322],[-76.2063,41.6145],[-76.209,41.6004],[-76.2091,41.5982],[-76.2184,41.5579],[-76.2217,41.5447],[-76.2383,41.5458],[-76.2432,41.5463],[-76.2487,41.5468],[-76.3277,41.5526],[-76.4454,41.5608],[-76.5,41.5649],[-76.5975,41.5715],[-76.6367,41.5745],[-76.6478,41.5755],[-76.6619,41.5765],[-76.679,41.578],[-76.6938,41.579],[-76.6993,41.5795],[-76.7496,41.5834],[-76.7569,41.5839],[-76.787,41.5872],[-76.7949,41.5882],[-76.8005,41.5887],[-76.8103,41.5896],[-76.8133,41.5901],[-76.8219,41.5911],[-76.8379,41.593],[-76.8747,41.5968],[-76.8772,41.5941],[-76.8932,41.586],[-76.9,41.5842],[-76.9073,41.5824],[-76.9129,41.5815],[-76.9135,41.5815],[-76.9147,41.582],[-76.9159,41.5825],[-76.9172,41.5825],[-76.9202,41.5811],[-76.9233,41.577],[-76.9258,41.5721],[-76.9308,41.5698],[-76.9375,41.5685],[-76.9455,41.5667],[-76.9517,41.5644],[-76.9572,41.5608],[-76.961,41.5559],[-76.9634,41.5522],[-76.999,41.551],[-77.0009,41.5506],[-77.0751,41.5481],[-77.1279,41.5469],[-77.1979,41.5457],[-77.25,41.5449],[-77.2807,41.5445],[-77.2954,41.5441],[-77.315,41.5442],[-77.3335,41.5442],[-77.3512,41.5442],[-77.3905,41.5438],[-77.4034,41.5438],[-77.4801,41.5434],[-77.4813,41.5434],[-77.4868,41.5434],[-77.4997,41.5434],[-77.5193,41.5434],[-77.5978,41.5424],[-77.5991,41.5424],[-77.5997,41.5497],[-77.601,41.5987],[-77.601,41.6128],[-77.6017,41.6437],[-77.6017,41.6518],[-77.603,41.6999],[-77.603,41.7186],[-77.6043,41.7472],[-77.6043,41.7499],[-77.6043,41.7558],[-77.605,41.7944],[-77.605,41.8007],[-77.6056,41.8093],[-77.6056,41.8121],[-77.6057,41.8334],[-77.6063,41.8402],[-77.6076,41.9015],[-77.6076,41.9174],[-77.6077,41.9211],[-77.6096,41.9998],[-77.4394,42.001],[-77.1767,42.0002],[-77.1133,42.001],[-76.9651,42.0023],[-76.9291,42.0024]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Bradford\",\"state\":\"PA\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594cd744e4b062508e395205","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Berg, T.M.","contributorId":193266,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berg","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":699528,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crowl, G.H.","contributorId":60719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowl","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":699529,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edmunds, W.E.","contributorId":45475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edmunds","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":699530,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Luce, P.B.","contributorId":193265,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luce","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":699531,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sevon, W. D.","contributorId":38650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sevon","given":"W. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":699532,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wilshusen, P.","contributorId":70616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilshusen","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":699533,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Woodrow, Donald L. 0000-0003-3874-7508","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3874-7508","contributorId":193175,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodrow","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":39857,"text":"former USGS contractor","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":699534,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pohn, H. A.","contributorId":6912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pohn","given":"H. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":699535,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70188745,"text":"70188745 - 1981 - Changes in the Seismicity and Focal Mechanism of Small Earthquakes Prior to an MS 6.7 Earthquake in the Central Aleutian Island Arc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-22T15:24:10","indexId":"70188745","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Changes in the Seismicity and Focal Mechanism of Small Earthquakes Prior to an MS 6.7 Earthquake in the Central Aleutian Island Arc","docAbstract":"On November 4 1977, a magnitude Ms 6.7 (mb 5.7) shallow-focus thrust earthquake occurred in the vicinity of the Adak seismographic network in the central Aleutian island arc. The earthquake and its aftershock sequence occurred in an area that had not experienced a similar sequence since at least 1964. About 13 1/2 months before the main shock, the rate of occurrence of very small magnitude earthquakes increased abruptly in the immediate vicinity of the impending main shock. To search for possible variations in the focal mechanism of small events preceding the main shock, a method was developed that objectively combines first-motion data to generate composite focal-mechanism information about events occurring within a small source region. The method could not be successfully applied to the whole study area, but the results show that starting about 10 1/2 months before the November 1977 earthquake, there was a change in the mechanism of small- to moderate-sized earthquakes in the immediate vicinity of the hypocenter and possibly in other parts of the eventual aftershock zone, but not in the surrounding regions.
No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings: Social and economic impact of earthquakes on utility lifelines: Seismic considerations in lifelines planning, siting and design: Construction Division specialty conference","conferenceTitle":"Social and economic impact of earthquakes on utility lifelines: Seismic considerations in lifelines planning, siting and design: Construction Division specialty conference","conferenceDate":"May 19-20, 1980","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","usgsCitation":"Brabb, E.E., 1981, Seismic zonation in the San Francisco Bay region, in Proceedings: Social and economic impact of earthquakes on utility lifelines: Seismic considerations in lifelines planning, siting and design: Construction Division specialty conference, San Francisco, CA, May 19-20, 1980, p. 54-65.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"65","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354950,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabb, E. E.","contributorId":43780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabb","given":"E.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70188677,"text":"70188677 - 1981 - Decontaminating and recycling zinc bromide solution used in sink-float separation of kerogen","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-21T09:15:47","indexId":"70188677","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decontaminating and recycling zinc bromide solution used in sink-float separation of kerogen","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.1306/212F7D47-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Barker, C., 1981, Decontaminating and recycling zinc bromide solution used in sink-float separation of kerogen: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 51, no. 2, p. 666-667, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F7D47-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"666","endPage":"667","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":342700,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594b85bae4b062508e382bd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barker, Charles E.","contributorId":93070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"Charles E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70188668,"text":"70188668 - 1981 - The complex of alkaline rocks at Iron Hill, Powederhorn district, Gunnison County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-08T12:33:38","indexId":"70188668","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The complex of alkaline rocks at Iron Hill, Powederhorn district, Gunnison County, Colorado","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook","language":"English","publisher":"New Mexico Geological Society","usgsCitation":"Armbrustmacher, T., 1981, The complex of alkaline rocks at Iron Hill, Powederhorn district, Gunnison County, Colorado, chap. of New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook, p. 293-296.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"296","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":342689,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342688,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/32/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Gunnison County","otherGeospatial":"Iron Hill, Powderhorn District","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-107.3944,39.2565],[-107.39,39.2503],[-107.3785,39.2471],[-107.3711,39.2388],[-107.3761,39.2368],[-107.3793,39.2311],[-107.3767,39.2199],[-107.3806,39.2102],[-107.3766,39.1985],[-107.3607,39.186],[-107.3561,39.1787],[-107.3531,39.1729],[-107.3432,39.1685],[-107.3325,39.1659],[-107.3185,39.1653],[-107.3076,39.1572],[-107.2959,39.1542],[-107.2936,39.1448],[-107.2864,39.1369],[-107.2824,39.1187],[-107.2486,39.1188],[-107.2174,39.1188],[-107.1864,39.1187],[-107.1542,39.1189],[-107.1225,39.1189],[-107.0923,39.1188],[-107.066,39.1188],[-107.0601,39.1118],[-107.0528,39.1105],[-107.0405,39.0989],[-107.0399,39.0975],[-107.0364,39.0948],[-107.0194,39.0894],[-107.0116,39.082],[-106.9971,39.0695],[-106.9886,39.0708],[-106.9866,39.0665],[-106.9863,39.0625],[-106.9907,39.06],[-106.9897,39.052],[-106.9969,39.049],[-107.0016,39.0424],[-106.9959,39.0338],[-106.9878,39.0305],[-106.9643,39.0296],[-106.9647,39.0174],[-106.9446,39.0145],[-106.9345,39.0058],[-106.9174,38.999],[-106.9099,39.0001],[-106.9082,38.9925],[-106.9002,38.9925],[-106.8927,38.9894],[-106.8839,38.9904],[-106.8779,38.9943],[-106.8772,39.0064],[-106.8606,39.0093],[-106.8564,38.9989],[-106.8455,38.9859],[-106.8273,38.9774],[-106.8072,38.979],[-106.8001,38.9797],[-106.7966,38.9841],[-106.7879,38.9843],[-106.7835,38.9876],[-106.7821,38.9995],[-106.7746,39.006],[-106.7687,39.0084],[-106.7513,39.0257],[-106.744,39.0269],[-106.7485,39.0419],[-106.7403,39.046],[-106.7227,39.045],[-106.7105,39.0478],[-106.7078,39.0536],[-106.7029,39.0559],[-106.6931,39.0552],[-106.6846,39.045],[-106.6741,39.0457],[-106.6644,39.0417],[-106.6553,39.0446],[-106.6467,39.0334],[-106.6498,39.0261],[-106.6483,39.0218],[-106.6383,39.0194],[-106.6375,39.0144],[-106.6145,39.0001],[-106.6129,38.9955],[-106.5989,38.998],[-106.5949,38.991],[-106.5798,38.9918],[-106.5773,38.9905],[-106.5684,38.9943],[-106.5624,38.9967],[-106.5592,38.9986],[-106.5538,38.9986],[-106.551,38.9915],[-106.5414,38.9879],[-106.5338,38.9822],[-106.5302,38.9782],[-106.5255,38.9737],[-106.5221,38.9674],[-106.5273,38.9609],[-106.5264,38.9558],[-106.5193,38.953],[-106.5138,38.9479],[-106.5046,38.9448],[-106.5044,38.9374],[-106.4925,38.9309],[-106.488,38.9254],[-106.4791,38.918],[-106.4668,38.9123],[-106.46,38.9104],[-106.4501,38.9124],[-106.4393,38.9156],[-106.4348,38.9148],[-106.4298,38.9243],[-106.4201,38.9278],[-106.4171,38.9272],[-106.4154,38.9188],[-106.4113,38.9152],[-106.4053,38.9143],[-106.402,38.9104],[-106.3932,38.9118],[-106.3919,38.9185],[-106.3798,38.9253],[-106.3757,38.9226],[-106.3752,38.9113],[-106.3742,38.9062],[-106.367,38.9066],[-106.3613,38.9119],[-106.3556,38.9127],[-106.3442,38.9069],[-106.3365,38.9086],[-106.3316,38.9114],[-106.3255,38.9108],[-106.3244,38.9097],[-106.3226,38.8993],[-106.3196,38.8944],[-106.325,38.8892],[-106.3252,38.8839],[-106.3348,38.879],[-106.3357,38.8743],[-106.3356,38.8714],[-106.3447,38.8678],[-106.3487,38.8633],[-106.348,38.8548],[-106.3526,38.8559],[-106.3647,38.8531],[-106.3641,38.8442],[-106.3683,38.8414],[-106.3695,38.8384],[-106.3776,38.8359],[-106.3823,38.8311],[-106.3824,38.8245],[-106.3902,38.8225],[-106.3956,38.8226],[-106.3994,38.8259],[-106.406,38.8292],[-106.4152,38.8237],[-106.4142,38.8145],[-106.4178,38.8122],[-106.4184,38.8057],[-106.418,38.8024],[-106.4133,38.7951],[-106.412,38.7901],[-106.4121,38.79],[-106.416,38.7877],[-106.4139,38.7744],[-106.4166,38.7696],[-106.4179,38.7656],[-106.4135,38.7582],[-106.4146,38.7565],[-106.4187,38.751],[-106.4167,38.7408],[-106.4196,38.7383],[-106.416,38.7284],[-106.4169,38.7254],[-106.4229,38.7205],[-106.4244,38.7099],[-106.4311,38.7085],[-106.4436,38.7074],[-106.4492,38.7023],[-106.4523,38.6982],[-106.4468,38.6914],[-106.4457,38.6908],[-106.4451,38.6899],[-106.4415,38.6862],[-106.4368,38.6822],[-106.435,38.6799],[-106.4332,38.6718],[-106.4314,38.6677],[-106.4297,38.6654],[-106.4285,38.6569],[-106.4292,38.6516],[-106.4259,38.6504],[-106.4242,38.6482],[-106.4201,38.6451],[-106.4174,38.6446],[-106.409,38.6476],[-106.4064,38.6474],[-106.403,38.6468],[-106.4003,38.6444],[-106.4007,38.6425],[-106.4007,38.6399],[-106.3965,38.6397],[-106.3892,38.6407],[-106.3838,38.6386],[-106.3785,38.6385],[-106.3825,38.6336],[-106.3846,38.632],[-106.3849,38.6261],[-106.3793,38.62],[-106.375,38.6209],[-106.368,38.6185],[-106.3631,38.614],[-106.3632,38.6108],[-106.3627,38.6095],[-106.3627,38.6058],[-106.3621,38.6027],[-106.3603,38.5995],[-106.3591,38.5977],[-106.3586,38.5941],[-106.3568,38.5904],[-106.355,38.5877],[-106.3502,38.58],[-106.349,38.5764],[-106.3467,38.5732],[-106.3443,38.571],[-106.3437,38.5687],[-106.3431,38.566],[-106.3437,38.5624],[-106.3466,38.5587],[-106.3484,38.5542],[-106.3507,38.5497],[-106.353,38.5465],[-106.3542,38.5424],[-106.3542,38.5392],[-106.3541,38.5361],[-106.3506,38.5293],[-106.3453,38.5266],[-106.3423,38.5239],[-106.3411,38.5198],[-106.3423,38.5148],[-106.3446,38.5107],[-106.3452,38.508],[-106.3434,38.5048],[-106.3387,38.5003],[-106.3334,38.4981],[-106.3322,38.4962],[-106.3304,38.494],[-106.3292,38.4931],[-106.3245,38.4949],[-106.321,38.4958],[-106.3175,38.4954],[-106.3134,38.4949],[-106.3104,38.4931],[-106.3075,38.4881],[-106.3039,38.4795],[-106.3015,38.4773],[-106.2986,38.4755],[-106.2933,38.4741],[-106.2904,38.4723],[-106.2892,38.4701],[-106.2874,38.4637],[-106.2862,38.4587],[-106.2832,38.4551],[-106.2819,38.4543],[-106.275,38.4543],[-106.2715,38.4552],[-106.2711,38.45],[-106.2714,38.4482],[-106.2712,38.446],[-106.2669,38.4432],[-106.2656,38.442],[-106.2614,38.4402],[-106.2562,38.4402],[-106.2515,38.4402],[-106.2485,38.4398],[-106.2467,38.4389],[-106.245,38.438],[-106.2444,38.4371],[-106.2438,38.4353],[-106.245,38.4325],[-106.245,38.4298],[-106.2455,38.4266],[-106.2449,38.4212],[-106.5045,38.4204],[-106.5134,38.4204],[-106.5416,38.4203],[-106.5603,38.4202],[-106.615,38.4199],[-106.6338,38.4198],[-106.6714,38.4196],[-106.7841,38.4185],[-106.8247,38.4182],[-106.9979,38.4165],[-106.9979,38.3263],[-106.9975,38.2973],[-106.9976,38.2184],[-106.998,38.2039],[-106.9978,38.1468],[-107.0458,38.1464],[-107.1043,38.1464],[-107.2617,38.1457],[-107.2986,38.1454],[-107.5192,38.1451],[-107.5666,38.1445],[-107.5638,38.1495],[-107.5621,38.1545],[-107.5617,38.1595],[-107.5629,38.1636],[-107.5659,38.1672],[-107.5665,38.1694],[-107.5679,38.1794],[-107.5698,38.1866],[-107.5736,38.197],[-107.5755,38.2038],[-107.5774,38.2137],[-107.5777,38.2255],[-107.5789,38.2286],[-107.5844,38.2372],[-107.5862,38.2412],[-107.5881,38.2476],[-107.5894,38.2512],[-107.5918,38.253],[-107.6024,38.256],[-107.6077,38.2582],[-107.6101,38.26],[-107.6113,38.2627],[-107.618,38.2739],[-107.6265,38.2888],[-107.6333,38.3005],[-107.5213,38.301],[-107.4995,38.3008],[-107.4995,38.3248],[-107.4997,38.3656],[-107.4993,38.4033],[-107.4994,38.4096],[-107.4991,38.4246],[-107.4995,38.4404],[-107.4989,38.4445],[-107.4991,38.4504],[-107.4991,38.4531],[-107.4989,38.4717],[-107.499,38.5356],[-107.4992,38.5737],[-107.4989,38.6172],[-107.4992,38.6304],[-107.5011,38.6657],[-107.5011,38.6942],[-107.5011,38.7804],[-107.5012,38.7822],[-107.5005,38.8384],[-107.5,38.8683],[-107.5003,38.8828],[-107.4994,38.9241],[-107.4994,38.9263],[-107.4994,38.9544],[-107.4993,39.0351],[-107.5002,39.1389],[-107.5001,39.2201],[-107.4884,39.2252],[-107.4854,39.2275],[-107.4837,39.2298],[-107.4825,39.2307],[-107.4808,39.2316],[-107.4784,39.2317],[-107.476,39.2303],[-107.4742,39.229],[-107.4706,39.2272],[-107.4682,39.2263],[-107.4652,39.2268],[-107.4617,39.2269],[-107.4551,39.2283],[-107.4445,39.2312],[-107.4363,39.2344],[-107.4339,39.2358],[-107.4298,39.2395],[-107.4275,39.2427],[-107.4264,39.245],[-107.4258,39.2477],[-107.4259,39.2531],[-107.4248,39.2545],[-107.423,39.255],[-107.42,39.255],[-107.4123,39.2542],[-107.4004,39.253],[-107.3944,39.2565]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Gunnison\",\"state\":\"CO\"}}]}","edition":"32nd Field Conference","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594a342de4b062508e36af77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armbrustmacher, T.J.","contributorId":92642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armbrustmacher","given":"T.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70186536,"text":"70186536 - 1981 - Deep volcanic tremor and magma ascent mechanism under Kilauea, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T10:28:53","indexId":"70186536","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep volcanic tremor and magma ascent mechanism under Kilauea, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Deep harmonic tremor originating at depths around 40 km under Kilauea was studied using records accumulated since 1962 at the Hawaii Volcano Observatory of the U.S. Geological Survey. The deep source of the tremor was determined by onset times and confirmed by the relative amplitude across the island-wide network of seismometers. The period of tremor was conclusively shown to be determined by the source effect and not by the path or station site effect because the period would change considerably in time but maintained uniformity across the seismic net during the tremor episode. The tremor appeared to be primarily composed of P waves. We interpret the observed period and amplitude in terms of the stationary crack model of Aki et al. (1977) and find that the seismic moment rates for deep tremors are considerably larger than those for shallow-tremors suggesting more vigorous transport for the former. We propose a kinematic source model which may be more appropriate for deep tremor. According to this model, a measurable quantity called ‘reduced displacement’ is directly proportional to the rate of magma flow. A systematic search for deep tremor episodes was made for the period from 1962 through 1979, and the amplitude, period, and duration of the tremor were tabulated. We then constructed a cumulative reduced-displacement plot over the 18-year period. The result shows a generally steady process which does not seem to be significantly affected by major eruptions and large earthquakes near the surface. The total magma flow estimated from the reduced displacement is however, one order of magnitude smaller than that estimated by Swanson (1972). It may be that most channels transport magma aseismically, and only those with strong barriers generate tremor.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/JB086iB08p07095","usgsCitation":"Aki, K., and Koyanagi, R., 1981, Deep volcanic tremor and magma ascent mechanism under Kilauea, Hawaii: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 86, no. B8, p. 7095-7109, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB086iB08p07095.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"7095","endPage":"7109","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339198,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -159.8675537109375,\n 21.778630076828534\n ],\n [\n -159.17266845703125,\n 21.778630076828534\n ],\n [\n -159.17266845703125,\n 22.328481987166487\n ],\n [\n -159.8675537109375,\n 22.328481987166487\n ],\n [\n -159.8675537109375,\n 21.778630076828534\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e60287e4b09da6799ac6fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aki, Keiiti","contributorId":88790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aki","given":"Keiiti","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koyanagi, Robert Y","contributorId":117756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koyanagi","given":"Robert Y","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188933,"text":"70188933 - 1981 - Earth flows along Henry Creek, northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T15:48:47","indexId":"70188933","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earth flows along Henry Creek, northern Alaska","docAbstract":"Many earth flows occurred during the summer of 1979 in the hilly terrain near Umiat, Alaska, particularly along Henry Creek. Most were shallow, involving only the tundra mat and no more than 1.5 m of the underlying mud. The summer of 1979 was the warmest and wettest for the period of record at Umiat, and precipitation was characterized by brief but intense localized rainstorms. Failure probably was triggered by the heavy rains and facilitated by an absorbent tundra mat over a clayey substrate, and perhaps in some cases by a thicker than normal active layer. Flows of this kind have occurred repeatedly in the Umiat area, most likely during summers in which climatic conditions were similar to those of 1979.
","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Institute of North America","doi":"10.14430/arctic2537","usgsCitation":"Carter, L.D., and Galloway, J., 1981, Earth flows along Henry Creek, northern Alaska: Arctic, v. 34, no. 4, p. 325-328, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic2537.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"325","endPage":"328","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480566,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic2537","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343034,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Colville River, Ikpikpuk River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.9619140625,\n 68.94655388492086\n ],\n [\n -149.732666015625,\n 68.94655388492086\n ],\n [\n -149.732666015625,\n 71.28317384014204\n ],\n [\n -155.9619140625,\n 71.28317384014204\n ],\n [\n -155.9619140625,\n 68.94655388492086\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536ee2e4b062508e3c7b31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, L. David","contributorId":16827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galloway, John","contributorId":47038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188845,"text":"70188845 - 1981 - Comparison of uranium-series, radiocarbon, and amino acid data from marine molluscs, Baffin Island, Arctic Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-21T15:49:27.587114","indexId":"70188845","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of uranium-series, radiocarbon, and amino acid data from marine molluscs, Baffin Island, Arctic Canada","docAbstract":"Uranium-series and 14C dates and the extent of amino acid racemization are reported for 24 marine shell samples from three areas of Baffin Island, Arctic Canada. When the radiometric dates are plotted against the ratio of D-alloisoleucene:L-isoleucene in the shells, five broad age groups are recognized. The uranium-series data indicate that 231Pa is incompletely retained in most fossil shells and that 230Th is lost from some of the samples. Therefore, their apparent ages are minimum. However, a few dated samples in each group have yielded useful age results, and the minimum ages of the five groups of samples are estimated as 7,000 to 11,000, ≥ 70,000, ≥ 136,000, ≥ 190,000, and > 300,000 yr. Calculated integrated thermal histories based on the epimerization reaction in the mollusc Hiatella arctica Linné give paleotemperature estimates of around −5 °C, compared to the present mean annual air temperature of about −11 °C.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1981)9<451:COURAA>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Szabo, B.J., Miller, G.H., Andrews, J.T., and Stuiver, M., 1981, Comparison of uranium-series, radiocarbon, and amino acid data from marine molluscs, Baffin Island, Arctic Canada: Geology, v. 9, no. 10, p. 451-457, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1981)9<451:COURAA>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"451","endPage":"457","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":342867,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"Baffin Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.3544921875,\n 64.41592147626879\n ],\n [\n -76.4208984375,\n 63.99523519297698\n ],\n [\n -75.5859375,\n 64.1297836764257\n ],\n [\n -74.4873046875,\n 64.26368374017731\n ],\n [\n -72.59765625,\n 63.35212928507874\n ],\n [\n -71.71875,\n 62.99515845212052\n ],\n [\n -71.015625,\n 62.471723714758724\n ],\n [\n -69.9169921875,\n 62.32920841458002\n ],\n [\n -67.8076171875,\n 61.91827102335593\n ],\n [\n -66.6650390625,\n 61.689872200460016\n ],\n [\n -64.4677734375,\n 61.12201916813026\n ],\n [\n -63.8525390625,\n 61.64816245852389\n ],\n [\n -63.720703125,\n 62.552856958572896\n ],\n [\n -64.072265625,\n 62.91523303947614\n ],\n [\n -63.45703124999999,\n 63.450509218001095\n ],\n [\n -63.8525390625,\n 63.860035895395306\n ],\n [\n -64.5556640625,\n 64.18724867664994\n ],\n [\n -64.64355468749999,\n 64.79284777557432\n ],\n [\n -65.91796875,\n 64.99793920061401\n ],\n [\n -66.5771484375,\n 65.38514722188854\n ],\n [\n -67.1484375,\n 65.83877570688918\n ],\n [\n -66.4013671875,\n 66.05371622067922\n ],\n [\n -66.0498046875,\n 65.74868289493749\n ],\n [\n -65.302734375,\n 65.25670649344259\n ],\n [\n -63.54492187500001,\n 64.58618480339979\n ],\n [\n -61.52343749999999,\n 65.85675647909318\n ],\n [\n -60.90820312499999,\n 66.70516871330432\n ],\n [\n -61.2158203125,\n 66.96447630005638\n ],\n [\n -61.87499999999999,\n 67.2720426739952\n ],\n [\n -62.9296875,\n 67.5421666883853\n ],\n [\n -64.5556640625,\n 67.941650035336\n ],\n [\n -65.56640625,\n 68.30190453001559\n ],\n [\n -67.1484375,\n 68.5924865825295\n ],\n [\n -67.1044921875,\n 68.9110048456202\n ],\n [\n -66.1376953125,\n 69.2249968541159\n ],\n [\n -66.533203125,\n 69.65708627301174\n ],\n [\n -66.70898437499999,\n 70.17020068549206\n ],\n [\n -69.43359375,\n 70.9883492241249\n ],\n [\n -71.7626953125,\n 71.7050925307212\n ],\n [\n -74.5751953125,\n 72.23551372557404\n ],\n [\n -75.6298828125,\n 72.73800301833366\n ],\n [\n -76.0693359375,\n 73.02259157147301\n ],\n [\n -76.904296875,\n 73.46598351882643\n ],\n [\n -77.95898437499999,\n 73.6896106541099\n ],\n [\n -78.9697265625,\n 73.8125737670852\n ],\n [\n -80.5078125,\n 73.83705790733424\n ],\n [\n -81.474609375,\n 73.77577986189993\n ],\n [\n -82.7490234375,\n 73.76349715052719\n ],\n [\n -83.84765625,\n 73.57816726137321\n ],\n [\n -84.462890625,\n 73.67726447634907\n ],\n [\n -85.4736328125,\n 73.89811065820952\n ],\n [\n -86.6162109375,\n 73.94679115710252\n ],\n [\n -88.9013671875,\n 73.71427576088443\n ],\n [\n -89.5166015625,\n 73.26470377263846\n ],\n [\n -90.3515625,\n 72.6857649417295\n ],\n [\n -90.65917968749999,\n 71.5944122077672\n ],\n [\n -89.56054687499999,\n 70.75796562654924\n ],\n [\n -87.71484375,\n 70.08056215839737\n ],\n [\n -85.5615234375,\n 69.77895177646761\n ],\n [\n -84.3310546875,\n 69.8698915662856\n ],\n [\n -83.27636718749999,\n 69.8244707739378\n ],\n [\n -80.419921875,\n 69.4421276134176\n ],\n [\n -79.1455078125,\n 69.38031271734351\n ],\n [\n -78.0908203125,\n 69.33383491964828\n ],\n [\n -77.2119140625,\n 68.87935761076949\n ],\n [\n -76.9921875,\n 68.72044056989829\n ],\n [\n -76.552734375,\n 68.49604022839505\n ],\n [\n -75.6298828125,\n 68.72044056989829\n ],\n [\n -75.673828125,\n 68.47992564291266\n ],\n [\n -75.05859375,\n 68.33437594128185\n ],\n [\n -74.619140625,\n 68.26938680456564\n ],\n [\n -73.564453125,\n 68.17155518732503\n ],\n [\n -72.7294921875,\n 67.59247495012802\n ],\n [\n -72.7294921875,\n 67.25505812564363\n ],\n [\n -73.6083984375,\n 66.8265202749748\n ],\n [\n -74.35546875,\n 66.42553717157787\n ],\n [\n -74.6630859375,\n 66.08936427047088\n ],\n [\n -73.95996093749999,\n 65.6582745198266\n ],\n [\n -74.8828125,\n 65.53117097417717\n ],\n [\n -75.9814453125,\n 65.45826097864811\n ],\n [\n -76.728515625,\n 65.5129625532949\n ],\n [\n -77.16796875,\n 65.69447579373418\n ],\n [\n -77.5634765625,\n 65.4034447883078\n ],\n [\n -77.82714843749999,\n 65.18303007291382\n ],\n [\n -78.3984375,\n 65.03506043658815\n ],\n [\n -78.57421875,\n 64.71787992684128\n ],\n [\n -78.3544921875,\n 64.41592147626879\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59521d2ae4b062508e3c36f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Szabo, Barney J.","contributorId":6848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Barney","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, G. H.","contributorId":54732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andrews, J. T.","contributorId":191135,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andrews","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stuiver, M.","contributorId":54730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuiver","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70012151,"text":"70012151 - 1981 - Late Quaternary environmental history of Lake Valencia, Venezuela","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-23T14:40:29.676901","indexId":"70012151","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Quaternary environmental history of Lake Valencia, Venezuela","docAbstract":"Chemical, paleontological, and mineralogical analyses of a 7.5-meter core from the middle of Lake Valencia, Venezuela, have provided information on the paleoclimatic history of this low-elevation, low-latitude site for the last 13,000 years. The data show that dry climates existed in this region from 13,000 years before present (B.P.) until about 10,000 years B.P. The Lake Valencia Basin was occupied by intermittent saline marshes at that time. About 10,000 years B.P., a permanent lake of fluctuating salinity formed and arboreal plant communities replaced the earlier dominant xeric herbaceous vegetation and marsh plants. By 8500 years B.P., Lake Valencia reached moderate to low salinities and discharged water; the modern vegetation became established at that time. After 8500 years B.P., the lake twice ceased discharging as a result of reduced watershed moisture. The second of these drying episodes is still in progress and has been aggravated by human activities in the watershed.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.214.4527.1299","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Bradbury, J.P., Leyden, B., Salgado-Labouriau, M., Lewis, W., Schubert, C., Binford, M., Frey, D., Whitehead, D., and Weibezahn, F., 1981, Late Quaternary environmental history of Lake Valencia, Venezuela: Science, v. 214, no. 4527, p. 1299-1305, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.214.4527.1299.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1299","endPage":"1305","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222577,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Venezuela","otherGeospatial":"Lake Valencia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.94987029004531,\n 10.300044545974231\n ],\n [\n -67.94987029004531,\n 10.06933344488857\n ],\n [\n -67.51399896227609,\n 10.06933344488857\n ],\n [\n -67.51399896227609,\n 10.300044545974231\n ],\n [\n -67.94987029004531,\n 10.300044545974231\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"214","issue":"4527","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4553e4b0c8380cd67207","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradbury, J. Platt","contributorId":91106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Platt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leyden, B.","contributorId":83272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leyden","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Salgado-Labouriau, M.","contributorId":20077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salgado-Labouriau","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lewis, W.M. Jr.","contributorId":17374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"W.M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schubert, C.","contributorId":93196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schubert","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Binford, M.W.","contributorId":75687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binford","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Frey, D.G.","contributorId":64391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frey","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Whitehead, D.R.","contributorId":58398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitehead","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Weibezahn, F.H.","contributorId":13377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weibezahn","given":"F.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70011769,"text":"70011769 - 1981 - An iridium abundance anomaly at the palynological Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in northern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-22T17:07:03.547307","indexId":"70011769","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An iridium abundance anomaly at the palynological Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in northern New Mexico","docAbstract":"An iridium abundance anomaly, with concentrations up to 5000 parts per trillion over a background level of 4 to 20 parts per trillion, has been located in sedimentary rocks laid down under freshwater swamp conditions in the Raton Basin of northeastern New Mexico. The anomaly occurs at the base of a coal bed, at the same stratigraphic position at which several well-known species of Cretaceous-age pollen became extinct.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.214.4527.1341","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Orth, C.J., Gilmore, J.S., Knight, J., Pillmore, C.L., Tschudy, R., and Fassett, J., 1981, An iridium abundance anomaly at the palynological Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in northern New Mexico: Science, v. 214, no. 4527, p. 1341-1343, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.214.4527.1341.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1341","endPage":"1343","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221471,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"northern New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.03751829060221,\n 36.98949799286949\n ],\n [\n -109.03751829060221,\n 35.078782124856104\n ],\n [\n -103.04195147308809,\n 35.078782124856104\n ],\n [\n -103.04195147308809,\n 36.98949799286949\n ],\n [\n -109.03751829060221,\n 36.98949799286949\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"214","issue":"4527","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea92e4b0c8380cd48958","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orth, C. J.","contributorId":90034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orth","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilmore, J. S.","contributorId":72927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knight, J.D.","contributorId":46688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pillmore, C. L.","contributorId":46093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pillmore","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tschudy, R.H.","contributorId":55023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tschudy","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fassett, J.E.","contributorId":68758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fassett","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70207173,"text":"70207173 - 1981 - Geodetic measurement of crustal deformation on the San Andreas, Hayward, and Calaveras faults near San Francisco, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-01T12:34:06.568108","indexId":"70207173","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-11T11:46:55","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geodetic measurement of crustal deformation on the San Andreas, Hayward, and Calaveras faults near San Francisco, California","docAbstract":"Analysis of a geodetic network of 115 lines crossing the San Andreas, Hayward, and Calaveras faults in the vicinity of San Francisco Bay and measured repeatedly between 1970 and 1980 has revealed details about the accommodation of relative plate motion in this area. The most striking result is that the deformation is not uniformly distributed across the area. In the east bay, along the Hayward and Calaveras faults, all motion appears to take place as slip directly on the fault, with no accumulation of strain in the adjacent crust. On both the Calaveras and the Hayward faults the rate obtained for the 1970 to 1980 period agrees with geologic rates spanning a few million years and with creep rates spanning a few decades. The Hayward fault slip rate is 7 ± 1 mm/yr. The Calaveras fault slip rate is 7 ± 1 mm/yr, with perhaps half of this slip distributed across a zone a few kilometers wide, probably as inelastic deformation of weak near‐surface material. The absence of strain accumulation in the east bay is surprising since the Hayward and Calaveras faults have been the site of large earthquakes in the past. A block located east of the Calaveras fault and south of the Las Positas fault has been rotating clockwise at a rate of 0.3 ± 0.1 μrad/yr with very little internal deformation. Along the San Francisco peninsula no detectable slip occurs (less than 1.5 mm/yr) at the surface, but appreciable strain is accumulating. Near fault shear strain rates are 0.6 ± 0.1 μstrain/yr (engineering) with direction N47°W ± 9. The slip rate near the San Andreas fault is 12.2 ± 3.9 mm/yr distributed across a broad zone. The relative motion across the whole region during the period 1970–1980 is 32.1 ± 7.4 mm/yr.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB086iB11p10853","usgsCitation":"Prescott, W., Lisowski, M., and Savage, J.C., 1981, Geodetic measurement of crustal deformation on the San Andreas, Hayward, and Calaveras faults near San Francisco, California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 86, no. B11, p. 10853-10869, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB086iB11p10853.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"10853","endPage":"10869","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370155,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.947998046875,\n 36.78289206199065\n ],\n [\n -121.09130859375,\n 36.78289206199065\n ],\n [\n -121.09130859375,\n 38.21660403859855\n ],\n [\n -122.947998046875,\n 38.21660403859855\n ],\n [\n -122.947998046875,\n 36.78289206199065\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prescott, W.H.","contributorId":96337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lisowski, Michael 0000-0003-4818-2504 mlisowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4818-2504","contributorId":637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"Michael","email":"mlisowski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savage, James C. 0000-0002-5114-7673 jasavage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":2412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"James","email":"jasavage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70236913,"text":"70236913 - 1981 - Illustrated geomorphic classification of Icelandic volcanoes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-07T13:54:14.693652","indexId":"70236913","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-01T13:39:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"84211","title":"Illustrated geomorphic classification of Icelandic volcanoes","docAbstract":"In 1959, Sigurdur Thorarinsson published his first complete classification of the 13 principal types of basaltic volcanoes of Iceland (Figure 1). In 1968, Thorarinsson
published a modification of his earlier classification scheme. Both landform classifications were based on the relationship of the type of eruptive products (lava, lava and tephra, or tephra), number of eruptions (one or more than one), and the form of the eruptive vent (circular or linear). Aside from changing the type locality of one of the lava landforms (e.g., Trengslaborgir instead of Svörtuborgir), and deleting the lava fissure (e.g., Ögmundargjá) the two landforms classifications were very similar. Thorarinsson, in 1968, had, however) settled on 12 rather than 13 basic types of basaltic volcanoes of Iceland.
The effects of external exposure of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) eggs to malathion, diazinon, and parathion were examined using formulations and concentrations similar to field applications. Treatment with aqueous emulsion simulated exposure at the rate of 100 gal per acre (153 liters/hectare) with three to six different doses per compound with treatment at 3 and 8 days of embryonic development. Treatment with a nontoxic oil vehicle simulated exposure at the rate of 11 gal per acre (16.8 liters/hectare) with three to six different doses per compound. The order of embryotoxicity on a pounds-per-acre basis was parathion > diazinon > malathion with either vehicle. However, the potential hazard under conditions of up to five times the maximum field level of application was greater for malathion because of the high permissible level of application for malathion on certain crops. Parathion, the most embryotoxic of the three, had the most pronounced effects when an oil vehicle was used, as reflected by an LC50 of about 2 lb of active ingredient per acre, stunted growth, and a high frequency of malformations involving distortion of the axial skeleton, particularly in the cervical region. All three compounds resulted in significant depression of plasma and brain cholinesterase activity, but parathion caused the most depression throughout development, which was still apparent in hatchlings. Treatment with either distilled water or oil vehicle alone did not result in any of these effects seen with organophosphorous insecticides.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0013-9351(81)90222-X","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, D.J., and Eastin, W.C., 1981, Effects of malathion, diazinon, and parathion on mallard embryo development and cholinesterase activity: Environmental Research, v. 26, no. 2, p. 472-485, https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-9351(81)90222-X.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"472","endPage":"485","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197701,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68850c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, David J.","contributorId":86075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":334426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eastin, W. C. Jr.","contributorId":6147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eastin","given":"W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70226967,"text":"70226967 - 1981 - Survey for bright Mars-crossing asteroids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-23T20:19:39.35002","indexId":"70226967","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-01T10:42:37","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Survey for bright Mars-crossing asteroids","docAbstract":"A new method of search for relatively bright Mars-crossing asteroids with the Palomar 46-cm Schmidt camera was initiated in 1980. Selected fields photographed with the 46-cm Schmidt were systematically reduced for all asteroids detected on the films. The 46-cm Schmidt fields have an effective diameter of 8 3/4 degrees. Kodak 11a-D film was exposed with a yellow plexiglass filter. The films were scanned with a specially designed stereomicroscope that permits recognition of asteroids by stereopsis. Stereoscopic pairs of films were exposed with a time separation of 30 minutes; over this interval the parallax in position relative to the background stars allows easy recognition of asteroids at distances ranging from near the Earth through the main belt. Optimum exposure for each film was found to be 10 minutes on the f/2 Schmidt.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reports of Planetary Geology Program — 1981","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Aeronautics and Space Association","usgsCitation":"Shoemaker, E.M., Shoemaker, C.S., Helin, E.F., Bus, S.J., and Wolfe, R.F., 1981, Survey for bright Mars-crossing asteroids, chap. of Reports of Planetary Geology Program — 1981, p. 17-19.","productDescription":"NASA TM-842211, 3 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393303,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":393302,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19820006168/downloads/19820006168.pdf","size":"12,225 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Holt, Henry E.","contributorId":270312,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holt","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829002,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Shoemaker, Eugene Merle","contributorId":20342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"Merle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shoemaker, Carolyn S.","contributorId":39290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"Carolyn","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Helin, E. F.","contributorId":73752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helin","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bus, S. J.","contributorId":270304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bus","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wolfe, R. F.","contributorId":270311,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolfe","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70011838,"text":"70011838 - 1981 - Stability of a very coarse-grained beach at Carmel, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-11T15:56:05.324441","indexId":"70011838","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stability of a very coarse-grained beach at Carmel, California","docAbstract":"Monastery Beach at Carmel, California, is a pocket beach composed of very coarse to granular sediment. In profile, the beach has a well-defined berm crest; a steep foreshore; and a gently sloping, barless offshore covered by large, long-crested oscillation ripples. Carmel Submarine Canyon heads a few hundred meters offshore of the beach, and San Jose Creek, a small ephemeral steam, ponds onshore of the central part of the berm. Wave conditions vary greatly during a year because the beach lies open to the Pacific Ocean for azimuths between 270°–322°N whence come a variety of wave types. Even with a variable wave climate, Monastery Beach has maintained a swell profile for almost three years.
Aperiodic beach surveys show that the beach responds little to seasonal changes in wave climate. Four survey lines maintained the same swell profile throughout the study period. The fifth line maintained a stable profile only across the foreshore; the berm was twice artificially breached during storms to prevent upstream flooding along San Jose Creek. In comparison, Carmel Beach, a nearby beach composed of medium sand, commonly alternates between swell and storm profiles. The increased stability of Monastery Beach relative to Carmel Beach is attributed to two factors: grain size differences and location within Carmel Bay.
Rebuilding proceeded very slowly along the breached part of the berm at Monastery Beach. The probable cause of such a low recovery rate is that oscillation ripples trapped the sand that was carried offshore when San Jose Creek eroded the beach. The ripples, which are active under high-energy conditions, approach dormancy under low-energy conditions. Each ripple, therefore, acts like a reservoir, retaining sand during most swell conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(81)90052-9","usgsCitation":"Dingler, J.R., 1981, Stability of a very coarse-grained beach at Carmel, California: Marine Geology, v. 44, no. 3-4, p. 241-252, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(81)90052-9.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"241","endPage":"252","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221547,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Carmel","otherGeospatial":"Monastery Beach","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.94443240212922,\n 36.541879473130166\n ],\n [\n -121.94443240212922,\n 36.51670683852693\n ],\n [\n -121.92193224345613,\n 36.51670683852693\n ],\n [\n -121.92193224345613,\n 36.541879473130166\n ],\n [\n -121.94443240212922,\n 36.541879473130166\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b964ee4b08c986b31b420","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dingler, John R.","contributorId":55795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dingler","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011941,"text":"70011941 - 1981 - Patterns of groundwater salinity changes in a deep continental-oceanic transect off the southeastern Atlantic coast of the U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T23:08:29.015147","indexId":"70011941","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of groundwater salinity changes in a deep continental-oceanic transect off the southeastern Atlantic coast of the U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Investigations of formation-fluid salinities in a transect from western Georgia to the edge of the Blake Plateau off the coast of Georgia show surprisingly similar hydrochemical features offshore and onshore. A fresh-brackish wedge of groundwater (<25 g/kg total dissolved solids) lies beneath the shelf to a depth of ∼ 900 m. On land, brackish waters extend to a maximum depth of ∼ 1.2 km below sea level in Lowndes County, Georgia. In deeper horizons, hypersaline brines (> 100 g/kg) occur in Lower Cretaceous (?) strata. These strata have a pronounced evaporitic (anhydritic) character in the offshore segment. Strong salinity gradients in interstitial waters signify buried evaporite deposits at drill sites beneath the Blake Plateau.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(81)90154-2","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Manheim, F., and Paull, C.K., 1981, Patterns of groundwater salinity changes in a deep continental-oceanic transect off the southeastern Atlantic coast of the U.S.A.: Journal of Hydrology, v. 54, no. 1-3, p. 95-105, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(81)90154-2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"105","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221140,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Georgia, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"southeastern Atlantic coast of the U.S.A.","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.96091688004468,\n 33.8070332900253\n ],\n [\n -81.47050643744609,\n 33.8070332900253\n ],\n [\n -81.47050643744609,\n 29.204934495587977\n ],\n [\n -78.96091688004468,\n 29.204934495587977\n ],\n [\n -78.96091688004468,\n 33.8070332900253\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75d3e4b0c8380cd77d78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manheim, F.T. 0000-0003-4005-4524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-4524","contributorId":55421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"F.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paull, C. K.","contributorId":86845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011741,"text":"70011741 - 1981 - Late Miocene biogeography and paleoclimatology of the central North Atlantic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-02T16:27:05.747667","indexId":"70011741","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2673,"text":"Marine Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Miocene biogeography and paleoclimatology of the central North Atlantic","docAbstract":"Quantitative analyses of planktonic foraminiferal assemblages from Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Holes 334 and 410 demonstrate that subpolar and subtropical faunal provinces existed in the North Atlantic during the late Miocene. Climatic oscillations are clearly recorded in Hole 410 by variations in abundance of the Neogloboquadrina subpolar assemblage. These climatic oscillations have a period of about 1 m.y. Higher frequency oscillations with a periodicity of one to several hundred thousand years are evident from about 6.5 to 7.5 m.y. and are probably present throughout the entire late Miocene.
A revised age of 7.0 m.y. is proposed for the first occurrence of the calcareous nannofossil Amaurolithus primus (the Amaurolithus datum).
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-8398(81)90023-2","usgsCitation":"Poore, R., 1981, Late Miocene biogeography and paleoclimatology of the central North Atlantic: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 6, no. 5-6, p. 599-616, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(81)90023-2.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"599","endPage":"616","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220856,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44f3e4b0c8380cd66ef0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poore, R.Z.","contributorId":35314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"R.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012013,"text":"70012013 - 1981 - Geological considerations in hazardous waste disposal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T23:01:49.439277","indexId":"70012013","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geological considerations in hazardous waste disposal","docAbstract":"Present regulations assume that long-term isolation of hazardous wastes - including toxic chemical, biological, radioactive, flammable and explosive wastes - may be effected by disposal in landfills that have liners of very low hydraulic conductivity. In reality, total isolation of wastes in humid areas is not possible; some migration of leachate from wastes buried in the gound will always occur.
Regulations should provide performance standards applicable on a site-by-site basis rather than rigid criteria for site selection and design. The performance standards should take into account several factors: (1) the categories, segregation, degradation and toxicity of the wastes; (2) the site hydrogeology, which governs the direction and rate of contaminant transport; (3) the attenuation of contaminants by geochemical interactions with geologic materials; and (4) the release rate of unattenuated pollutants to surface or groundwater. An adequate monitoring system is essential. The system should both test the extent to which the operation of the site meets performance standards and provide sufficient warning of pollution problems to allow implementation of remedial measures.
In recent years there has been a trend away from numerous, small disposal sites toward fewer and larger sites. The size of a disposal site should be based on the attenuation capacity of the geologic material, which has a finite, though generally not well-defined, limit. For slowly degradable wastes, engineered sites with leachate-collection systems appear to be only a temporary solution since the leachate collected will also require final disposal.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(81)90168-2","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Cartwright, K., Gilkeson, R.H., and Johnson, T., 1981, Geological considerations in hazardous waste disposal: Journal of Hydrology, v. 54, no. 1-3, p. 357-369, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(81)90168-2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"369","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222235,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a225de4b0c8380cd56f97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cartwright, K.","contributorId":50292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cartwright","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilkeson, R. H.","contributorId":17764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilkeson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, T.M.","contributorId":22332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1007492,"text":"1007492 - 1981 - Post-fire succession of the herbaceous flora in southern California chaparral","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T17:40:35.067558","indexId":"1007492","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-fire succession of the herbaceous flora in southern California chaparral","docAbstract":"Postfire succesion of the temporary herbaceous and suffrutescent cover was studied after chaparral fires in San Diego County, California, USA. Four categories of species make up the temporary cover. (1) \"Generalized herbaceous perennials\" are present before and after fire. Populations of these herbs are sparse under the shrub canopy. They resprout after fire from bulbs or other underground parts and postfire populations are sparse. (2) \"Generalized annuals\" are present in openings before fire but produce their peak population size in the first few years after fire. (3) Specialized \"fire—annuals\" are more or less restricted to the 1st postfire yr. (4) Specialized \"fire—perennials\" (subshrubs) are uncommon before fire, establish from seed in the 1st postfire yr and reach maximum cover in the 3rd and 4th yr. Community—level changes in cover and diversity are interpreted in light of differences in population dynamics of the four groups. Specis richness was highest in the 1st yr after fire because this was the only time all four groups were present together. Throughout succession herbaceous species richness was positively related to herb cover, negatively related to elevation and unrelated to slope aspect. The number of annual species fluctuated greatly through succession at all sites, but the number of herbaceous perennials did not. Herb cover fluctuated markedly from year to year and was positively related to amount of annual precipitation and negatively related to subshrub or \"fire—perennial\" cover. Artificial seeding with annual rye grass Lolium multiflorum had not apparent effect on total herb cover since sites with poor Lolium establishment had as high or higher herb cover as sites with high Lolium establishment. Lolium success was at the expense of the native cover and this negative effect was greatest on the \"fire annuals.\"
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1941516","usgsCitation":"Keeley, S.C., Keeley, J.E., Hutchinson, S.M., and Johnson, A.W., 1981, Post-fire succession of the herbaceous flora in southern California chaparral: Ecology, v. 62, p. 1608-1621, https://doi.org/10.2307/1941516.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1608","endPage":"1621","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129883,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683ad7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Sterling C.","contributorId":112968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Sterling","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":315465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hutchinson, S. M.","contributorId":102834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, A. W.","contributorId":40554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70011885,"text":"70011885 - 1981 - Miocene biochronology and paleoceanography of the North Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-02T16:21:04.60524","indexId":"70011885","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2673,"text":"Marine Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Miocene biochronology and paleoceanography of the North Pacific","docAbstract":"Biostratigraphic correlation based on microfossil datum levels, directly or indirectly tied to the paleomagnetic time scale, provides a high resolution time control for the Miocene in the equatorial and middle latitude North Pacific. Faunal changes and abundance fluctuations of planktic foraminiferal species combined with the oxygen Pacific. Faunal changes and abundance fluctuations of planktic foraminiferal species combined with the oxygen isotope record of foraminifers, reveal the paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic history. The planktic foraminiferal assemblage change in the early Miocene, extinction of Oligocene fauna and rise of a highly diverse Neogene fauna, appears to be related to increased water mass stratification in the world oceans presumably resulting from the establishment of circum-Antarctic circulation. An increase in the siliceous productivity in the eastern equatorial Pacific region between 20 and 18 Ma suggests that the vertical and horizontal circulation was intensified at that time. Climates cooled rapidly during the middle Miocene between 14 and 13 Ma suggesting the growth of a major east Antarctic ice sheet. Paleoclimatic conditions remained generally cool, although oscillating, during the late Miocene. In the late early to middle Miocene faunal provincialism developed between low and middle latitudes, and by late Miocene time a distinct provincialism similar to the present was established.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elseiver","doi":"10.1016/0377-8398(81)90020-7","usgsCitation":"Keller, G., 1981, Miocene biochronology and paleoceanography of the North Pacific: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 6, no. 5-6, p. 535-551, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(81)90020-7.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"535","endPage":"551","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221259,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b32e4b0c8380cd6f3d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keller, Gerta","contributorId":16419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Gerta","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}