Permafrost degradation is delivering bioavailable dissolved organic matter (DOM) and inorganic nutrients to surface water networks. While these permafrost subsidies represent a small portion of total fluvial DOM and nutrient fluxes, they could influence food webs and net ecosystem carbon balance via priming or nutrient effects that destabilize background DOM. We investigated how addition of biolabile carbon (acetate) and inorganic nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) affected DOM decomposition with 28‐day incubations. We incubated late‐summer stream water from 23 locations nested in seven northern or high‐altitude regions in Asia, Europe, and North America. DOM loss ranged from 3% to 52%, showing a variety of longitudinal patterns within stream networks. DOM optical properties varied widely, but DOM showed compositional similarity based on Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT‐ICR MS) analysis. Addition of acetate and nutrients decreased bulk DOM mineralization (i.e., negative priming), with more negative effects on biodegradable DOM but neutral or positive effects on stable DOM. Unexpectedly, acetate and nutrients triggered breakdown of colored DOM (CDOM), with median decreases of 1.6% in the control and 22% in the amended treatment. Additionally, the uptake of added acetate was strongly limited by nutrient availability across sites. These findings suggest that biolabile DOM and nutrients released from degrading permafrost may decrease background DOM mineralization but alter stoichiometry and light conditions in receiving waterbodies. We conclude that priming and nutrient effects are coupled in northern aquatic ecosystems and that quantifying two‐way interactions between DOM properties and environmental conditions could resolve conflicting observations about the drivers of DOM in permafrost zone waterways.
Despite agreement that calc-alkaline volcanism occurs at subduction zones and is responsible for the genesis of continental landmasses, there is no consensus on the source of the Fe-depleted signature hallmark to calc-alkaline volcanism. In this study, we utilize mafic tephras collected from Buldir Volcano to address the genesis of strongly calc-alkaline volcanic rocks (those with a low Tholeiitic Index; ≤0·7) in a segment of the western Aleutian Arc to determine if the eruptions are plausibly part of a liquid line of descent, if they are mixtures of crustal melts and parental magmas, or if they are mixtures of melts of the mantle and the subducting slab. We conducted a series of H2O-saturated phase equilibrium experiments (1175–1000°C; 100 MPa) in a rapid-quench cold-seal (MHC) apparatus on the most primitive natural lava from Buldir (9·34 wt % MgO) at oxidizing conditions near the Re–ReO2 buffer. We confirmed that all experiments equilibrated 0·3 ± 0·23 log units above the Re–ReO2 buffer (ΔQFM ∼ +2·8) using X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy. Chromite is the liquidus phase, followed by olivine, then plagioclase, then clinopyroxene, and finally hornblende. Once clinopyroxene saturates, spinel composition shifts to magnetite. We compared our experimental results to the major element geochemistry and petrology of six tephras (51·9–54·8 wt % SiO2) from Buldir collected during the 2015 field season of the GeoPRISMS shared platform. Tephras contain olivine + plagioclase + clinopyroxene + spinel ± hornblende; plagioclase comprises most of the crystalline volume, followed by either olivine or hornblende. Spinel is ubiquitous; with Cr-rich spinel inclusions in olivine and hornblende, and magnetite in the groundmass.
Variations in phenocryst assemblages and compositions between samples can be attributed to differences in pre-eruptive temperatures, where hotter samples are devoid of hornblende, and contain Fo-rich olivine and plagioclase with lower An-contents, owing to the position of the mineral-in curves at fluid-saturated conditions. Experimental glasses match the depletion in FeOT observed in the tephra whole rock compositions. The continuous depletion in FeOT is attributable to saturation of spinel as a liquidus phase (initially as chromite) and continuous crystallization through the experimental series (changing to magnetite at colder temperatures). In contrast to the natural samples, the experiments show enrichment in TiO2 with decreasing MgO, suggesting that differentiation did not occur at 100 MPa on Buldir. The TiO2 depletion in volcanic rocks from Buldir can be accounted for if hornblende crystallization occurs close to the liquidus of a parental magma; a condition that is met at higher pressures and hydrous conditions.
The emerging picture for Buldir Island is that (1) oxidizing conditions are required to drive the observed depletions in FeOT via crystallization of spinel, and (2) elevated H2O contents and high pressures are required to saturate hornblende close to the liquidus to reproduce the entire suite of major elements. Our study provides a mechanism to generate the calc-alkaline trends observed at Buldir without requiring mixing of slab and mantle melts. We conclude that calc-alkaline volcanic rocks with extremely low Tholeiitic Indices (0·7), like those from Buldir, cannot be generated in absence of high oxygen fugacity, even at high pressure and/or elevated water pressures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/petrology/egaa104","usgsCitation":"Waters, L., Cottrell, E., Coombs, M.L., and Kelley, K.A., 2021, Generation of calc-alkaline magmas during crystallization at high oxygen fugacity: An experimental and petrologic study of tephras from Buldir Volcano, western Aleutian Arc, Alaska, USA: Journal of Petrology, v. 62, no. 3, egaa104, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egaa104.","productDescription":"egaa104, 36 p.","ipdsId":"IP-112037","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/gsofacpubs/1581","text":"External Repository"},{"id":386115,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Aleutian arc","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.67578125,\n 58.768200159239576\n ],\n [\n -171.650390625,\n 54.1109429427243\n ],\n [\n -179.47265625,\n 52.26815737376817\n ],\n [\n -177.45117187499997,\n 49.61070993807422\n ],\n [\n -155.7421875,\n 55.32914440840507\n ],\n [\n -152.9296875,\n 57.27904276497778\n ],\n [\n -157.67578125,\n 58.768200159239576\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"62","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waters, Laura","contributorId":259192,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waters","given":"Laura","affiliations":[{"id":36475,"text":"Sonoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cottrell, Elizabeth","contributorId":192904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cottrell","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coombs, Michelle L. 0000-0002-6002-6806 mcoombs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-6806","contributorId":2809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"Michelle","email":"mcoombs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelley, Katherine A.","contributorId":192905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelley","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70218645,"text":"70218645 - 2021 - Lock operations influence upstream passages of invasive and native fishes at a Mississippi River high-head dam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-03T13:19:31.728785","indexId":"70218645","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-18T06:47:51","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lock operations influence upstream passages of invasive and native fishes at a Mississippi River high-head dam","docAbstract":"Asian carps continue to expand their range in North America, necessitating efforts to limit the spread and establishment of reproducing populations. Mississippi River Lock and Dam 19 is a high-head dam that represents a population ‘pinch-point’ as passage through the lock chamber is the only means by which fishes can complete upstream movement. As such, this location could be a pivotal control point for minimizing the spread of invasive fishes in the Upper Mississippi River and a possible candidate site for installation of deterrent measures. Our objectives were (1) to study the timing (i.e., weekly and diel) and behavior of fishes in the downstream lock approach, (2) evaluate the relation of presence in the downstream lock approach with environmental factors and lock operation, and (3) identify any upstream or downstream passage events through the lock chamber and the relation between these events and the operation of the lock. Acoustic transmitters were surgically implanted into 262 Asian carps and 216 native fishes to monitor fish activity on a telemetry receiver array deployed around and within the lock for 622 days during 2017–2018. One hundred eighty-six telemetered fish were detected in the downstream lock approach. We documented 14 upstream Asian carp passages and 10 upstream native fish passages; these passages coincided with a specific sequence of large vessel lockages. The results of this study advance our understanding of fish presence and behavior at a Mississippi River mainstem lock and dam and inform the development and testing of deterrent systems at this location or at similar pinch-point lock and dams.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10530-020-02401-7","usgsCitation":"Fritts, A.K., Knights, B.C., Stanton, J.C., Milde, A.S., Vallazza, J.M., Brey, M.K., Tripp, S.J., Devine, T.E., Sleeper, W., Lamer, J.T., and Mosel, K.J., 2021, Lock operations influence upstream passages of invasive and native fishes at a Mississippi River high-head dam: Biological Invasions, v. 23, p. 771-794, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02401-7.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"771","endPage":"794","ipdsId":"IP-112641","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HOPS3O","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"2017-2018 Telemetry data for Asian carp and native fish species at Lock and Dam 19 in the Upper Mississippi River Basin"},{"id":383737,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri, Iowa, Illinois","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.93359374999999,\n 39.90973623453719\n ],\n [\n -90.87890624999999,\n 39.90973623453719\n ],\n [\n -90.87890624999999,\n 41.244772343082076\n ],\n [\n -91.93359374999999,\n 41.244772343082076\n ],\n [\n -91.93359374999999,\n 39.90973623453719\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fritts, Andrea K. 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jcstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6225-3703","contributorId":5634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Jessica","email":"jcstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":811251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Milde, Amanda S. 0000-0001-5854-9184 amilde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5854-9184","contributorId":5877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milde","given":"Amanda","email":"amilde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":811252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vallazza, Jonathan M. 0000-0003-2367-4887 jvallazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2367-4887","contributorId":149362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallazza","given":"Jonathan","email":"jvallazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":811253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brey, Marybeth K. 0000-0003-4403-9655 mbrey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4403-9655","contributorId":187651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brey","given":"Marybeth","email":"mbrey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":811254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tripp, Sara J.","contributorId":253122,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tripp","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16971,"text":"Missouri Department of Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":811255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Devine, Thomas E.","contributorId":253123,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Devine","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16971,"text":"Missouri Department of Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":811256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sleeper, Wesley","contributorId":253124,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sleeper","given":"Wesley","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16971,"text":"Missouri Department of Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":811257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lamer, James T. 0000-0003-1155-1548","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1155-1548","contributorId":196307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lamer","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":48847,"text":"Illinois River Biological Station, Illinois Natural History Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":811258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Mosel, Kyle J. 0000-0002-9885-6960","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9885-6960","contributorId":253125,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mosel","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":811259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70243772,"text":"70243772 - 2021 - Behavioral responses of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and white sucker (Catostomus commersonii) to turbulent flow during fishway passage attempts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-19T11:43:02.869837","indexId":"70243772","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-18T06:33:36","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Behavioral responses of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and white sucker (Catostomus commersonii) to turbulent flow during fishway passage attempts","title":"Behavioral responses of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and white sucker (Catostomus commersonii) to turbulent flow during fishway passage attempts","docAbstract":"An understanding of how undesirable and desirable fish species respond behaviorally to turbulent flow in fishways would guide development of selective fish passage techniques. We applied high-resolution computational fluid dynamics modeling and competing risks analysis towards the development of predictive selective passage models. Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus; an invasive fish in the Great Lakes Basin, North America) upstream passage probability declined from 0.73 to 0.03 as flow conditions became increasingly turbulent, while declines in white sucker (Catostomus commersonii, a native fish in the region) upstream passage probability were less substantial (0.53 to 0.44). Deploying a sea lamprey trap in the fishway did not effectively reduce sea lamprey upstream passage probability, though capture rate increased during trials with cooler water temperature and low total kinetic energy. Bifurcated fishways that maintain low turbulent flow in the entrapment route and high turbulent flow in the upstream passage route could increase the effectiveness of trapping sea lamprey in fishways as a means to advance selective passage goals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2020-0223","usgsCitation":"Lewandoski, S.A., Hrodey, P.J., Miehls, S.M., Piszczek, P., and Zielinski, D., 2021, Behavioral responses of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and white sucker (Catostomus commersonii) to turbulent flow during fishway passage attempts: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 78, no. 4, p. 409-421, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2020-0223.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"409","endPage":"421","ipdsId":"IP-120067","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417234,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Bois Brule River, Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.61913799037413,\n 46.746319413615765\n ],\n [\n -91.61109265501442,\n 46.697600103611876\n ],\n [\n -91.60349428273015,\n 46.66908351070549\n ],\n [\n -91.610645691939,\n 46.6396312386392\n ],\n [\n -91.59455502121916,\n 46.61568945646317\n ],\n [\n -91.59008539046347,\n 46.5831713812953\n ],\n [\n -91.59768376274775,\n 46.54414318194961\n ],\n [\n -91.61735013807177,\n 46.5241572565657\n ],\n [\n -91.60751695040997,\n 46.48507053273994\n ],\n [\n -91.63612258724542,\n 46.45367061381313\n ],\n [\n -91.68126585787567,\n 46.44011995829479\n ],\n [\n -91.75201200283867,\n 46.40437245435308\n ],\n [\n -91.75201200283867,\n 46.39820791069087\n ],\n [\n -91.64652871700919,\n 46.43980506395201\n ],\n [\n -91.6128335861273,\n 46.45168996471648\n ],\n [\n -91.5878036538965,\n 46.483091025906276\n ],\n [\n -91.59853076771002,\n 46.527698611965775\n ],\n [\n -91.576629577008,\n 46.54522398535883\n ],\n [\n -91.57081905702584,\n 46.589166256606916\n ],\n [\n -91.57528868778131,\n 46.62048794471005\n ],\n [\n -91.59137935850114,\n 46.64381389971618\n ],\n [\n -91.58512187544464,\n 46.68098665401865\n ],\n [\n -91.59629595233312,\n 46.712255228466375\n ],\n [\n -91.5954020261823,\n 46.726657203488514\n ],\n [\n -91.60389432461741,\n 46.75361226678078\n ],\n [\n -91.61913799037413,\n 46.746319413615765\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"78","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewandoski, Sean A.","contributorId":221007,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewandoski","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hrodey, Peter J.","contributorId":205578,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hrodey","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6599,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Marquette Biological Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miehls, Scott M. 0000-0002-5546-1854 smiehls@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5546-1854","contributorId":5007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miehls","given":"Scott","email":"smiehls@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Piszczek, Paul","contributorId":305569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piszczek","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36986,"text":"Michigan Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zielinski, Daniel","contributorId":245798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zielinski","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[{"id":7019,"text":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70221491,"text":"70221491 - 2021 - USGS44, a new high-purity calcium carbonate reference material for δ13C measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-18T20:54:41.038905","indexId":"70221491","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-17T15:47:34","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3233,"text":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"USGS44, a new high-purity calcium carbonate reference material for δ13C measurements","docAbstract":"The stable carbon isotopic (δ13C) reference material (RM) LSVEC Li2CO3 has been found to be unsuitable for δ13C standardization work because its δ13C value increases with exposure to atmospheric CO2. A new CaCO3 RM, USGS44, has been prepared to alleviate this situation.
USGS44 was prepared from 8 kg of Merck high-purity CaCO3. Two sets of δ13C values of USGS44 were determined. The first set of values was determined by online combustion, continuous-flow (CF) isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) of NBS 19 CaCO3 (δ13CVPDB = +1.95 milliurey (mUr) exactly, where mUr = 0.001 = 1‰), and LSVEC Li2CO3 (δ13CVPDB = −46.6 mUr exactly), and normalized to the two-anchor δ13CVPDB-LSVEC isotope-delta scale. The second set of values was obtained by dual-inlet (DI)-IRMS of CO2 evolved by reaction of H3PO4 with carbonates, corrected for cross contamination, and normalized to the single-anchor δ13CVPDB scale.
USGS44 is stable and isotopically homogeneous to within 0.02 mUr in 100-μg amounts. It has a δ13CVPDB-LSVEC value of −42.21 ± 0.05 mUr. Single-anchor δ13CVPDB values of −42.08 ± 0.01 and −41.99 ± 0.02 mUr were determined by DI-IRMS with corrections for cross contamination.
The new high-purity, well-homogenized calcium carbonate isotopic reference material USGS44 is stable and has a δ13CVPDB-LSVEC value of −42.21 ± 0.05 mUr for both EA/IRMS and DI-IRMS measurements. As a carbonate relatively depleted in 13C, it is intended for daily use as a secondary isotopic reference material to normalize stable carbon isotope delta measurements to the δ13CVPDB-LSVEC scale. It is useful in quantifying drift with time, determining mass-dependent isotopic fractionation (linearity correction), and adjusting isotope-ratio-scale contraction. Due to its fine grain size (smaller than 63 μm), it is not suitable as a δ18O reference material. A δ13CVPDB-LSVEC value of −29.99 ± 0.05 mUr was determined for NBS 22 oil.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rcm.9006","usgsCitation":"Qi, H., Moossen, H., Meijer, H.A., Coplen, T.B., Aerts-Bijma, A.T., Reid, L.T., Geilmann, H., Richter, J., Rothe, M., Brand, W.A., Toman, B., Benefield, J., and Helie, J., 2021, USGS44, a new high-purity calcium carbonate reference material for δ13C measurements: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, v. 35, no. 4, e9006, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.9006.","productDescription":"e9006, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-121606","costCenters":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.9006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":386593,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Qi, Haiping 0000-0002-8339-744X haipingq@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-744X","contributorId":507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Haiping","email":"haipingq@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":817838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moossen, Heiko","contributorId":260393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moossen","given":"Heiko","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52579,"text":"Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meijer, Harro A.J.","contributorId":187804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meijer","given":"Harro","email":"","middleInitial":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":817841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aerts-Bijma, Anita T","contributorId":260394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aerts-Bijma","given":"Anita","email":"","middleInitial":"T","affiliations":[{"id":52581,"text":"Centre for Isotope Research (CIO), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reid, Lauren T 0000-0003-3872-9596","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3872-9596","contributorId":243302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Lauren","email":"","middleInitial":"T","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":817843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Geilmann, Heiko","contributorId":260395,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geilmann","given":"Heiko","affiliations":[{"id":52579,"text":"Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Richter, Jurgen","contributorId":260396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richter","given":"Jurgen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52579,"text":"Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Rothe, Michael","contributorId":260397,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rothe","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52579,"text":"Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":817846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Brand, Willi A.","contributorId":209257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brand","given":"Willi","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Toman, Blaza","contributorId":187793,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Toman","given":"Blaza","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Benefield, Jacqueline 0000-0001-9124-2424 jbenefield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9124-2424","contributorId":190135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benefield","given":"Jacqueline","email":"jbenefield@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":817849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Helie, Jean-Francois","contributorId":187802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helie","given":"Jean-Francois","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70215397,"text":"70215397 - 2021 - Sediment dynamics of a divergent bay–marsh complex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-01T17:19:12.643911","indexId":"70215397","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-17T12:55:51","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment dynamics of a divergent bay–marsh complex","docAbstract":"Bay–marsh systems, composed of an embayment surrounded by fringing marsh incised by tidal channels, are widely distributed coastal environments. External sediment availability, marsh-edge erosion, and sea-level rise acting on such bay–marsh complexes may drive diverse sediment-flux regimes. These factors reinforce the ephemeral and dynamic nature of fringing marshes: material released by marsh-edge erosion becomes part of a bay–marsh exchange that fuels the geomorphic evolution of the coupled system. The dynamics of this sediment exchange determine the balance among seaward export, deposition on the embayment seabed, flux into tidal channels, and import to the marsh platform. In this work, we investigate the sediment dynamics of a transgressive bay–marsh complex and link them to larger-scale considerations of its geomorphic trajectory. Grand Bay, Alabama/Mississippi, is a shallow microtidal embayment surrounded by salt marshes with lateral erosion rates of up to 5 m year−1. We collected 6 months of oceanographic data at four moorings within Grand Bay and its tidal channels to assess hydrographic conditions and net sediment-flux patterns and augmented the observations with numerical modeling. The observations imply a divergent sedimentary system in which a majority of the suspended sediment is exported seaward, while a smaller fraction is imported landward via tidal channels, assisting in vertical marsh-plain accumulation, maintenance of channel and intertidal-flat morphologies, and landward transgression. These results describe a dynamic system that is responsive to episodic atmospheric forcing in the absence of a strong tidal signal and the presence of severe lateral marsh loss.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-020-00855-5","usgsCitation":"Nowacki, D.J., and Ganju, N., 2021, Sediment dynamics of a divergent bay–marsh complex: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 44, p. 1216-1230, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-020-00855-5.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1216","endPage":"1230","ipdsId":"IP-120963","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-020-00855-5","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382512,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Grand Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.43856811523438,\n 30.34562073484083\n ],\n [\n -88.35582733154297,\n 30.34562073484083\n ],\n [\n -88.35582733154297,\n 30.422032481449097\n ],\n [\n -88.43856811523438,\n 30.422032481449097\n ],\n [\n -88.43856811523438,\n 30.34562073484083\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nowacki, Daniel J. 0000-0002-7015-3710 dnowacki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7015-3710","contributorId":174586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowacki","given":"Daniel","email":"dnowacki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":802011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ganju, Neil K. 0000-0002-1096-0465","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":202878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"Neil K.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":802012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70216779,"text":"70216779 - 2021 - Generalizing the inversion‐based PSHA source model for an interconnected fault system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-27T16:59:07.467182","indexId":"70216779","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-17T09:41:19","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Generalizing the inversion‐based PSHA source model for an interconnected fault system","docAbstract":"This article represents a step toward generalizing and simplifying the procedure for constructing an inversion‐based seismic hazard source model for an interconnected fault system, including the specification of adjustable segmentation constraints. A very simple example is used to maximize understandability and to counter the notion that an inversion approach is only applicable when an abundance of data is available. Also exemplified is how to construct a range of models to adequately represent epistemic uncertainties (which should be a high priority in any hazard assessment). Opportunity is also taken to address common concerns and misunderstandings associated with the third Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast, including the seemingly disproportionate number of large‐magnitude events, and how well hazard is resolved given the overall problem is very underdetermined. However, the main aim of this article is to provide a general protocol for constructing such models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120200219","usgsCitation":"Field, E.H., Milner, K.R., and Page, M.T., 2021, Generalizing the inversion‐based PSHA source model for an interconnected fault system: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 111, no. 1, p. 371-390, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120200219.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"371","endPage":"390","ipdsId":"IP-122019","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381034,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, Edward H. 0000-0001-8172-7882 field@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8172-7882","contributorId":52242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Edward","email":"field@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Milner, Kevin R.","contributorId":194141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Milner","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":806225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Page, Morgan T. 0000-0001-9321-2990 mpage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9321-2990","contributorId":3762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"Morgan","email":"mpage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70249204,"text":"70249204 - 2021 - Teleseismic P‐qave coda autocorrelation imaging of crustal and basin structure, Bighorn Mountains Region, Wyoming, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-02T11:46:50.38526","indexId":"70249204","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-17T06:41:13","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Teleseismic P‐qave coda autocorrelation imaging of crustal and basin structure, Bighorn Mountains Region, Wyoming, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"We demonstrate successful crustal imaging via teleseismic P‐wave coda autocorrelation, using data recorded on a 261 station array of vertical‐component high‐frequency geophones in the area of the Bighorn Mountains, Wyoming, U.S.A. We autocorrelate the P‐wave coda of 30 teleseismic events and use phase‐weighted stacking to yield seismic profiles comparable to low‐passed versions of those produced via controlled‐source vertical seismic reflection. Our process recovers reflections from the bottoms of the Bighorn and Powder River basins that flank the Bighorn Mountains. We also identify a mid‐crustal reflector that aligns with a region of increased reflectivity, previously interpreted as a Precambrian province boundary. Our results demonstrate the utility of crustal imaging with teleseismic P‐wave coda energy using modern large‐array seismic data, and they corroborate previous interpretations of crustal structures in the study area.
Recent large influxes of non-native Pacific pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) to North European rivers have raised concern over their potential negative impacts on native salmonids and recipient ecosystems. The eggs and carcasses of semelparous pink salmon may provide a significant nutrient and energy subsidy to native biota, but this phenomenon has not been widely documented outside the species' native distribution. We analysed the stomach contents and stable isotope values (δ15N and δ13C) in muscle and liver tissues of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) to determine whether these native salmonids utilise marine-derived nutrients and energy provided by pink salmon eggs and carcasses in the subarctic river system Vesterelva, northern Norway. Although egg foraging and assimilation of marine-derived nutrients in fish body tissues were found to be minor at the population level, a few juvenile salmon and trout had recently eaten large quantities of pink salmon eggs. Some of these individuals also had high δ15N and δ13C values, indicating a long-term diet subsidised by marine-derived nutrients and energy from pink salmon eggs. Hence, our study provides novel evidence that the eggs of invasive pink salmon may provide an energetic, profitable food resource for juvenile native fish. More research is needed to understand the broader ecological implications for fishes and other biota in river ecosystems invaded by pink salmon.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eff.12582","usgsCitation":"Dunlop, K., Eloranta, A.P., Schoen, E., Wipfli, M.S., Jensen, J.L., Muladal, R., and Christensen, G.N., 2021, Evidence of energy and nutrient transfer from invasive pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) spawners to juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) in northern Norway: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 30, no. 2, p. 270-283, https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12582.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"270","endPage":"283","ipdsId":"IP-120051","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454265,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12582","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":396484,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Norway","county":"Troms and Finnmark County","otherGeospatial":"River Vesterelva","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 27.94921875,\n 69.99053495947653\n ],\n [\n 28.729248046875,\n 69.99053495947653\n ],\n [\n 28.729248046875,\n 70.37785394109224\n ],\n [\n 27.94921875,\n 70.37785394109224\n ],\n [\n 27.94921875,\n 69.99053495947653\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunlop, Kathy","contributorId":280214,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunlop","given":"Kathy","affiliations":[{"id":56901,"text":"imr","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eloranta, Antti P.","contributorId":280215,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eloranta","given":"Antti","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":57418,"text":"ninr","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schoen, Erik","contributorId":280216,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schoen","given":"Erik","affiliations":[{"id":6695,"text":"UAF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wipfli, Mark S. 0000-0002-4856-6068 mwipfli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4856-6068","contributorId":1425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wipfli","given":"Mark","email":"mwipfli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jensen, Jenny L. A.","contributorId":280217,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"Jenny","email":"","middleInitial":"L. A.","affiliations":[{"id":38108,"text":"NA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Muladal, Rune","contributorId":280218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muladal","given":"Rune","affiliations":[{"id":38108,"text":"NA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Christensen, Guttorm N.","contributorId":280219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Guttorm","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":38108,"text":"NA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70216647,"text":"70216647 - 2021 - Ancient Egyptian mummified shrews (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Soricidae) and mice (Rodentia: Muridae) from the Spanish Mission to Dra Abu el-Naga, and their implications for environmental change in the Nile valley during the past two millennia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-27T17:01:45.749015","indexId":"70216647","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-16T07:43:55","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ancient Egyptian mummified shrews (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Soricidae) and mice (Rodentia: Muridae) from the Spanish Mission to Dra Abu el-Naga, and their implications for environmental change in the Nile valley during the past two millennia","docAbstract":"Excavation of Ptolemaic Period (ca. 309–30 BC) strata within Theban Tombs 11, 12, -399-, and UE194A by the Spanish Mission to Dra Abu el-Naga (also known as the Djehuty Project), on the west bank of the Nile River opposite Luxor, Egypt, yielded remains of at least 175 individual small mammals that include four species of shrews (Eulipotypha: Soricidae) and two species of rodents (Rodentia: Muridae). Two of the shrews (Crocidura fulvastra and Crocidura pasha) no longer occur in Egypt, and one species (Crocidura olivieri) is known in the country only from a disjunct population inhabiting the Nile delta and the Fayum. Although deposited in the tombs by humans as part of religious ceremonies, these animals probably derived originally from local wild populations. The coexistence of this diverse array of shrew species as part of the mammal community near Luxor indicates greater availability of moist floodplain habitats than occur there at present. These were probably made possible by a greater flow of the Nile, as indicated by geomorphological and palynological evidence. The mammal fauna recovered by the Spanish Mission provides a unique snapshot of the native Ptolemaic community during this time period, and it permits us to gauge community turnover in the Nile valley of Upper Egypt during the last 2000 years. It also serves as a relevant example for understanding the extinction and extirpation of mammal species as effects of future environmental changes predicted by current climatic models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/qua.2020.89","usgsCitation":"Woodman, N., and Ikram, S., 2021, Ancient Egyptian mummified shrews (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Soricidae) and mice (Rodentia: Muridae) from the Spanish Mission to Dra Abu el-Naga, and their implications for environmental change in the Nile valley during the past two millennia: Quaternary Research, v. 100, p. 21-31, https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2020.89.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"31","ipdsId":"IP-122070","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380835,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Egypt","otherGeospatial":"northern Egypt","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 24.873046874999996,\n 26.78484736105119\n ],\n [\n 33.2666015625,\n 26.78484736105119\n ],\n [\n 33.2666015625,\n 31.541089879585808\n ],\n [\n 24.873046874999996,\n 31.541089879585808\n ],\n [\n 24.873046874999996,\n 26.78484736105119\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"100","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodman, Neal 0000-0003-2689-7373 nwoodman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-7373","contributorId":3547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodman","given":"Neal","email":"nwoodman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ikram, Salima","contributorId":245249,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ikram","given":"Salima","affiliations":[{"id":49125,"text":"American University in Cairo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":805703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70216503,"text":"70216503 - 2021 - How to identify win–win interventions that benefit human health and conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T18:39:08.822809","indexId":"70216503","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-16T07:38:39","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5791,"text":"Nature Sustainability","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How to identify win–win interventions that benefit human health and conservation","docAbstract":"To reach the Sustainable Development Goals, we may need to act on synergies between some targets while mediating trade-offs between other targets. But what, exactly, are synergies and trade-offs, and how are they related to other outcomes, such as ‘win–win’ solutions? Finding limited guidance in the existing literature, we developed an operational method for distinguishing win–wins from eight other possible dual outcomes (lose–lose, lose–neutral and so on). Using examples related to human health and conservation, we illustrate how interdisciplinary problem-solvers can use this framework to assess relationships among targets and compare multi-target interventions that affect people and nature.
The Mainstems data model implements the catchment and flowpath concepts from WaterML2 Part 3: Surface Hydrology Features (HY_Features) for persistent, cross-scale, identification of hydrologic features. The data model itself provides a focused and lightweight method to describe hydrologic networks with minimum but sufficient information. The design is intended to provide a model for data integration that can be used for network navigation and persistent hydrologic indexing (hydrographic addressing) functionality. Mainstems is designed to provide long-term stability with minimal maintenance requirements. The data model is not meant to advance hydrologic process representation or uniquely represent geomorphic characteristics. The principle assumption in Mainstems is that all drainage basins have one - and only one - headwater source area and a single mainstem that flows to a single outlet. Using these base feature types, (headwater, outlet, mainstem, and drainage basin) a nested set of drainage basins - and the associated dendritic network of mainstems - can be identified.
Increasing frequency and severity of droughts have motivated natural resource managers to mitigate harmful ecological and hydrological effects of drought, but drought mitigation is an emerging science and evaluating its effectiveness is difficult. We examined ecohydrological responses of drought mitigation actions aimed at conserving populations of the Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) in a semi-arid valley in Nevada, USA. Abundance of this rare frog had declined precipitously after multiple droughts. Mitigation included excavating ponds to increase available surface water and installing earthen dams to raise water tables. We assessed responses of riparian vegetation to mitigation using a 30-year time series of satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and gridded weather data. We then analyzed a 23-year mark-recapture dataset to evaluate the effects of drought mitigation and NDVI on the probability of frog survival and rates of recruitment. After accounting for interannual precipitation variability, we found that NDVI increased significantly from before to after drought mitigation, suggesting that mitigation influenced the hydrology and vegetation of the meadows. Frog survival increased with NDVI, but mitigation had a stronger effect than NDVI suggesting that excavated mitigation ponds were particularly important for frog survival during drought. In contrast, frog recruitment was associated with NDVI more than mitigation, but only in meadows where NDVI was dependent on precipitation. At meadows with available groundwater, recruitment was associated with mitigation ponds. These findings suggest that mitigation ponds are critical for juvenile frogs to recruit into the adult population, but recruitment can also be increased by raising water tables in meadows lacking groundwater sources. Lagged recruitment (i.e., effects on larvae and juveniles) was negatively associated with NDVI. This study illustrates the ecohydrological complexity of drought mitigation and demonstrates novel ways to assess the effectiveness of drought mitigation using time series of readily available satellite imagery and organismal data.
Maximum densities of juvenile river herring (Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus and Blueback Herring A. aestivalis) vary among freshwater lakes, likely due to densities of adult spawners. Differences in habitat availability and lake water quality may also contribute to variation in juvenile river herring productivity between populations, yet these relationships have not been tested across a large geographic scope. In this study we investigated relationships between juvenile river herring densities and (1) spawning adult river herring densities, (2) lake habitat availability, and (3) lake water quality in 29 freshwater lakes in the northeastern USA. Purse seines were used at night to sample juvenile river herring monthly in June–August 2014 and 2015, with concurrent collection of lake-specific physical (e.g., lake surface area, mean depth, depth to thermocline), chemical (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon [DOC]), and biological (chlorophyll a, adult spawning density) data. Spawning adult density (number of adults per surface area of lake) explained 66.6% of the variation in juvenile densities using a generalized additive model. Juvenile densities increased with increasing adult density, peaking at roughly 1,000 adults/ha, and then declined at higher adult densities, suggesting a limit to carrying capacity in juvenile production. Linear mixed-effects models revealed that differences in water quality and habitat across lakes explained additional variation in juvenile densities. Specifically, DOC was negatively related to juvenile densities, suggesting that DOC limits the amount of suitable, well-oxygenated epilimnion habitat available to juvenile river herring in late summer. Our results can be used to help understand expected juvenile production based on adult density within a lake, to inform expectations about juvenile growth and survival, and to understand the mechanisms for how changes in habitat availability and water quality affect river herring populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10282","usgsCitation":"Devine, M.T., Rosset, J., Roy, A.H., Gahagan, B.I., Armstrong, M.P., Whiteley, A., and Jordaan, A., 2021, Feeling the squeeze: Adult run size and habitat availability limit juvenile river herring densities in lakes: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 150, no. 2, p. 207-221, https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10282.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"221","ipdsId":"IP-120456","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396569,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -68.66455078125,\n 44.6061127451739\n ],\n [\n -70.927734375,\n 44.62175409623324\n ],\n [\n -72.1142578125,\n 43.723474896114794\n ],\n [\n -73.4326171875,\n 41.31082388091818\n ],\n [\n -71.103515625,\n 41.1290213474951\n ],\n [\n -70.0048828125,\n 41.32732632036622\n ],\n [\n -69.54345703125,\n 41.88592102814744\n ],\n [\n -70.400390625,\n 42.827638636242284\n ],\n [\n -69.78515625,\n 43.48481212891603\n ],\n [\n -68.84033203125,\n 44.02442151965934\n ],\n [\n -68.66455078125,\n 44.6061127451739\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"150","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Devine, Matthew T.","contributorId":204986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Devine","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":836323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosset, Julianne","contributorId":197446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosset","given":"Julianne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":836324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roy, Allison H. 0000-0002-8080-2729 aroy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-2729","contributorId":4240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"Allison","email":"aroy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gahagan, Benjamin I.","contributorId":200168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gahagan","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":836325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Armstrong, Michael P.","contributorId":286850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":40132,"text":"Massachusetts Division of Marine Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Whiteley, Andrew R.","contributorId":286853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whiteley","given":"Andrew R.","affiliations":[{"id":36523,"text":"University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jordaan, Adrian","contributorId":210892,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jordaan","given":"Adrian","affiliations":[{"id":36396,"text":"University of Massachusetts","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70216363,"text":"70216363 - 2021 - A lagrangian-to-eulerian metric to identify estuarine pelagic habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-01T17:01:46.95513","indexId":"70216363","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-11T09:23:39","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A lagrangian-to-eulerian metric to identify estuarine pelagic habitats","docAbstract":"Estuaries are among the world’s most productive ecosystems, but recent natural and anthropogenic changes have stressed these ecosystems. Tools to assess estuarine pelagic habitats are important to support and maintain healthy ecosystem function. In this work, we demonstrate that estuarine pelagic habitats can be identified by a simple ratio, termed the LE ratio, that takes into account the tidal excursion along a channel (a Lagrangian length scale) and the distance along that channel (an Eulerian length scale). To develop and assess this concept, numerical simulations of the 1D advection–dispersion equation of a conservative tracer and tidal excursion estimates based on data were used to formulize a conceptual model and to define exchange zones within a tidal channel. This conceptual model was then used to predict the extent of pelagic habitats in a terminal channel network in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta. Exchange zones mapped onto these channels were found to be in good agreement with independent estimates of residence time. Sensitivity analyses of the numerical model suggest that productive pelagic habitats can be expanded by a factor of 2 by either increasing dispersion or increasing spring–neap variability in mean tidal velocity. Such changes can also enhance flushing in upper channel reaches. These findings are relevant for tidal marsh restoration projects that aim to expand beneficial aquatic habitats by varying exchange or residence time over the spring–neap cycle, because this variability may interact synergistically with varying rates of phytoplankton growth due to spatiotemporal changes in environmental conditions.
A 39-cm sediment core from Castle Lake, California (USA) spans the last ~ 450 years and was analyzed for diatoms and organic geochemistry (δ15N, δ13C, and C:N), with the goal of determining sensitivity to natural climate variation and twentieth century anthropogenic effects. Castle Lake is a subalpine, nitrogen-limited lake with ~ 5 months of annual ice cover. Human impacts include light recreational use, past fish stocking, and experimental use by the Castle Lake Research Station. The base of the core (below 32 cm; pre mid-1700s) represents the period of maximum ice cover. In contrast, the end of the Little Ice Age (mid 1700s–early 1800s) is dominated by cyclotelloids (mostly Discostella stelligera), indicating significant open-water periods, a condition that persisted into the early 1900s. Cyclotelloids began to decline in the 1960s and were replaced by the Fragilaria tenera grp. (peak in 1970s), succeeded by Asterionella formosa (peak ~ 2010), and accompanied by a reduction in δ15N values and a decrease in C:N that may represent increased atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Another anthropogenic signal was discerned in the core and was interpreted to be the result of an ammonium nitrate fertilization experiment of the epilimnion that was conducted in 1980 and 1981. This signal was manifested in the core largely by a negative excursion in δ15N, possibly caused by fractionation during denitrification in surface sediment. A phytoplankton monitoring dataset collected by the Castle Lake Research Station from 1967 to 1984 corroborates the timing of increased araphid euplanktonic species in the 1970s, and increases in two benthic diatoms (Staurosirella pinnata and Tabellaria fenestrata), entrained in the phytoplankton tows during the experimentation years. Both ice cover and nitrogen addition appear to be strong drivers that affected the lake diatoms, although additional drivers, such as fish stocking and associated cascade effects need further exploration. These data will be helpful for interpreting longer core records from Castle Lake, should the opportunity arise, as well as cores from similar systems in the region.
Genetic methods can guide and improve the management of recreational mixed-stock fisheries by informing stock-specific estimates of harvest. We applied genetic stock identification and parentage-based tagging to a recreational Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha fishery in the Columbia River to illustrate the value of genetic analysis in management. We sampled landed catch in 2017 and 2018, assigned the fish to genetic reporting groups, explored temporal trends in harvest composition within and between seasons, and assessed the accuracy and precision of genetic methods against estimates from conventional tagging methodology. The genetic stock identification and parentage-based tagging produced concordant stock assignments, and the harvest composition estimates were validated with independent data. High assignment rates, relative to expended sampling effort, and precise harvest composition estimates with adequate sample sizes demonstrate that both genetic methods can be complementary, effective tools in advancing harvest assessment and recreational fisheries management. The success of genetic stock identification and parentage-based tagging supports the expanded application of genetics to similar fisheries, potentially alongside existing or emerging assessment methods, and guides future improvements in data collection and analysis.
Recreation specialization is a framework that can be used to explain the variation among outdoor recreationists’ preferences, attitudes, and behaviors. Recreation specialization has been operationalized using several approaches, including summative indices, cluster analysis, and self-classification categorical measures. Although these approaches measure the multiple dimensions of the framework, they may not reflect the relative contribution of the dimensions to individuals’ degree of engagement. We illustrate an approach that uses second-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) factor scores as weights to determine a person’s degree of recreation specialization and compares the CFA-based results to those derived from cluster analysis. This approach permits the use of a broader set of statistical tests when compared to categorical specialization measures and provides information about the distribution of responses. Data were collected from an online survey of eBird registrants from the United States.
In 2017 the rusty patched bumble bee (Bombus affinis) became the first bee listed under the Endangered Species Act in the continental United States due to population declines and an 87% reduction in the species’ distribution. Bombus affinis decline began in the 1990s, predating modern bee surveying initiatives, and obfuscating drivers of decline. While understood to be a highly generalist forager, little is known about the role that resource limitation or shifting floral community composition could have played in B. affinis decline. Determining which floral species support B. affinis could assist conservation efforts where B. affinis persists and identify floral species for restoration efforts. We constructed a historical foraging profile of B. affinis via DNA sequencing of pollen from museum specimens spanning seven states collected from 1913 to 2013. Molecular analysis revealed no temporal changes in the floral richness or composition of B. affinis pollen samples across our sampling period. Likewise, we found no temporal changes in the presence or proportion of native vs. introduced species in pollen samples, though we observed much greater use of introduced floral species than previously determined for B. affinis. Floral community composition was regionally dissimilar, inconsistent with patterns of B. affinis decline by state. Our results suggest B. affinis decline was unlikely to have been driven by spatial or temporal limitations of specific floral species. This work greatly expands the known forage of B. affinis and will provide managers with insight to aid the conservation of B. affinis.
Anglers face constraints that influence participation and dropout rates. Some recreational anglers may be able to negotiate constraints by altering the timing or frequency of participation, acquiring new skills, or modifying nonrecreational aspects such as family or work responsibilities. We consider data collected via a mail survey from Georgia-resident trout license holders to identify both perceived constraints and strategies used to negotiate them. To capture variation among anglers, survey responses were grouped by level of angler specialization using K-means cluster analysis, which resulted in a three-cluster solution of most, moderately, and least specialized anglers. Analyses of variance were used to detect potential differences among the three specialization clusters. Tests revealed that the least specialized anglers experienced constraints more intensely than the most or moderately specialized anglers. Likewise, least specialized anglers were less able to negotiate constraints when compared to the most or moderately specialized anglers. However, the least specialized anglers used negotiation strategies involving overcoming perceived lack of skill more intensely than their counterparts. The most intensely experienced constraints overall were lack of time due to work or family obligations and distance to Georgia’s trout waters from home. The most intensely used negotiation strategies overall were “learn to enjoy being outside and stress less about catching fish” and “encourage family or friends to go fishing with me.” This research benefits fishery managers by providing a method of identifying angling groups that perceive more constraints and are less likely to overcome these constraints through constraint negotiation strategies. With this information, managers may choose to tailor efforts towards reducing constraints for angling groups that have low participation and may drop out of the activity all together.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10540","usgsCitation":"TenHarmsel, H., Boley, B., Irwin, B.J., and Jennings, C.A., 2021, Perceived constraints and negotiations to trout fishing in Georgia based on angler specialization level: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 41, no. 1, p. 115-129, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10540.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"129","ipdsId":"IP-118672","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454282,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10540","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395901,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"TenHarmsel, H. J.","contributorId":276309,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"TenHarmsel","given":"H. J.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boley, B. B.","contributorId":276310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boley","given":"B. B.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Irwin, Brian J. 0000-0002-0666-2641 bjirwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0666-2641","contributorId":4037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"Brian","email":"bjirwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jennings, Cecil A. 0000-0002-6159-6026 jennings@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6159-6026","contributorId":874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Cecil","email":"jennings@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70217679,"text":"70217679 - 2021 - Spectral inversion for seismic site response in central Oklahoma: Low-frequency resonances from the Great Unconformity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T14:23:24.955134","indexId":"70217679","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-10T07:30:27","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7571,"text":"Bulletin of Seismological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectral inversion for seismic site response in central Oklahoma: Low-frequency resonances from the Great Unconformity","docAbstract":"We investigate seismic site response by inverting seismic ground‐motion spectra for site and source spectral properties, in a region of central Oklahoma, where previous ground‐motion studies have indicated discrepancies between observations and ground‐motion models (GMMs). The inversion is constrained by a source spectral model, which we computed from regional seismic records, using aftershocks as empirical Green’s functions to deconvolve site and path effects. Site spectra across the region exhibit multiple, strong, low‐frequency (f <2 Hz) resonances. Modeling of vertically propagating SH waves reproduces the mean amplitudes and frequencies of the site spectra and requires a deep (∼1–2 km) impedance contrast. Comparison of regional seismic velocity models and geologic profiles indicates that the seismic impedance contrast is, or is in proximity to, the Great Unconformity, which marks the interface between Precambrian basement rocks and overlying Paleozoic sedimentary rocks. Depth to Precambrian basement increases to the southwest across the study region (∼1500–4500 m), and the fundamental frequencies of the site spectra are anticorrelated with basement depth. The first higher‐mode resonance also exhibits dependence on basement depth; although modeling suggests that the second higher mode should depend on basement depth, site spectra do not support this. The low‐frequency resonances in central Oklahoma are not represented in the GMMs used in current seismic hazard analyses for tectonic earthquakes, though approaches to account for such features are under consideration in other regions of the central and eastern United States. Given the broad spatial extent of the Great Unconformity underlying eastern North America, it is likely that similar effects on seismic site response also occur in other areas. This study highlights the impact of regional geologic structure on earthquake ground motions and reiterates the need for modeling regional effects to improve ground‐motion predictions and seismic hazard assessments.
Geogenic arsenic (As) adversely affects drinking water quality in geologically diverse aquifers across the globe. Although the species of As significantly affects its fate, transport, toxicity, and As treatment technology efficacy, reported effectiveness of As species preservation methods varies widely with preservation methods and natural water geochemistry. Our study 1) evaluates the shelf life of As(III), As(V), dimethylarsinate (DMA), and monomethylarsonate (MMA) in standards prepared with ultrapure water; 2) establishes a hold time for these As species in low-iron (Fe) groundwater and surface water samples preserved with a concentration of EDTA that exceeded the sum of the molar concentrations of Al, Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, and Sr (molar excess of EDTA); and 3) evaluates As(III) species stability in groundwater samples with detectable SO4 and up to 6.5 mg/L Fe concentrations preserved in 3 ways: less than molar excess EDTA, molar excess EDTA, and Vacuette® tubes with an unknown (proprietary) amount of EDTA. Arsenic species standards prepared with 2.5 mM EDTA in ultrapure water and stored at 4 °C had a shelf life of at least 180 days. As(III) was stable for at least 15 days and DMA and MMA were stable for at least 90 days in environmental samples with Fe less than 1 mg/L that were preserved with a molar excess of EDTA and stored in opaque containers at 4 °C. As(III) species were not stable for any holding time in samples with Fe greater than 1 mg/L and detectable SO4 when preserved with a molar excess of EDTA and stored in white high density polyethylene bottles at room temperature, or when preserved by storage in EDTA containing Vacuette® tubes at 4 °C. For geochemical or water quality studies where the distribution of As(III) and As(V) is a critical factor, an understanding of the sample chemistry, rapid As speciation analysis after sample collection, and collecting a field spike with the sample can be helpful for collecting accurate inorganic As species data.
It is unknown how ungulate physiological responses to environmental perturbation influence overall population demographics. Moreover, neonatal physiological responses remain poorly studied despite the importance of neonatal survival to population growth. Glucocorticoid (GC) hormones potentially facilitate critical physiological and behavioral responses to environmental perturbations. However, elevated GC concentrations over time may compromise body condition and indirectly reduce survival. We evaluated baseline salivary cortisol (CORT; a primary GC in mammals) concentrations in 19 wild neonatal white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in a northern (NS) and southern (SS) area in Pennsylvania. After ranking survival models consisting of variables hypothesized to influence neonate survival (i.e. weight, sex), the probability of neonate survival was best explained by CORT concentrations, where elevated CORT concentrations were associated with reduced survival probability to 12 weeks of age. Cortisol concentrations were greater in the SS where predation rates and predator densities were lower. As the first evaluation of baseline CORT concentrations in an ungulate neonate to our knowledge, this is also the first study to demonstrate CORT concentrations are negatively associated with ungulate survival at any life stage. Glucocorticoid hormones could provide a framework in which to better understand susceptibility to mortality in neonatal white-tailed deer.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1749-4877.12499","usgsCitation":"Gingery, T.M., Diefenbach, D.R., Pritchard, C.E., Ensminger, D., Wallingford, B., and Rosenberry, C., 2021, Survival is negatively associated with glucocorticoids in a wild ungulate neonate: Integrative Zoology, v. 16, no. 2, p. 214-225, https://doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.12499.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"214","endPage":"225","ipdsId":"IP-118200","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395921,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gingery, Tess Michelle","contributorId":276204,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gingery","given":"Tess","email":"","middleInitial":"Michelle","affiliations":[{"id":36985,"text":"Penn State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diefenbach, Duane R. 0000-0001-5111-1147 drd11@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5111-1147","contributorId":5235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Duane","email":"drd11@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pritchard, Catharine E.","contributorId":276205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pritchard","given":"Catharine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36985,"text":"Penn State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ensminger, David C.","contributorId":276206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ensminger","given":"David C.","affiliations":[{"id":36985,"text":"Penn State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wallingford, Bret D.","contributorId":276207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wallingford","given":"Bret D.","affiliations":[{"id":12891,"text":"Pennsylvania Game Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rosenberry, Christopher S.","contributorId":276209,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Christopher S.","affiliations":[{"id":12891,"text":"Pennsylvania Game Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70228597,"text":"70228597 - 2021 - Clothianidin decomposition in Missouri wetland soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-14T17:58:00.120595","indexId":"70228597","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-09T11:55:04","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Clothianidin decomposition in Missouri wetland soils","docAbstract":"Neonicotinoid pesticides can persist in soils for extended time periods; however, they also have a high potential to contaminate ground and surface waters. Studies have reported negative effects associated with neonicotinoids and nontarget taxa, including aquatic invertebrates, pollinating insect species, and insectivorous birds. This study evaluated factors associated with clothianidin (CTN) degradation and sorption in Missouri wetland soils to assess the potential for wetland soils to mitigate potential environmental risks associated with neonicotinoids. Solid-to-solution partition coefficients (Kd) for CTN sorption to eight wetland soils were determined via single-point sorption experiments, and sorption isotherm experiments were conducted using the two most contrasting soils. Clothianidin degradation was determined under oxic and anoxic conditions over 60 d. Degradation data were fit to zero- and first-order kinetic decay models to determine CTN half-life (t0.5). Sorption results indicated CTN sorption to wetland soil was relatively weak (average Kd, 3.58 L kg–1); thus, CTN has the potential to be mobile and bioavailable within wetland soils. However, incubation results showed anoxic conditions significantly increased CTN degradation rates in wetland soils (anoxic average t0.5, 27.2 d; oxic average t0.5, 149.1 d). A significant negative correlation was observed between anoxic half-life values and soil organic C content (r2 = .782; p = .046). Greater CTN degradation rates in wetland soils under anoxic conditions suggest that managing wetlands to facilitate anoxic conditions could mitigate CTN presence in the environment and reduce exposure to nontarget organisms.
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