An atomic-absorption spectrophotometric method with electrothermal atomisation has been developed for the determination of selenium in geological materials. The sample is decomposed with a mixture of nitric, perchloric and hydrofluoric acids and heated with hydrochloric acid to reduce selenium to selenium(IV). Selenium is then extracted into toluene from a hydrochloric acid-hydrobromic acid medium containing iron. A few micro-litres of the toluene extract are injected into a carbon rod atomiser, using a nickel solution as a matrix modifier. The limits of determination are 0.2–200 p.p.m. of selenium in a geological sample. For concentrations between 0.05 and 0.2 p.p.m., back-extraction of the selenium into dilute hydrochloric acid is employed before atomisation.
Selenium values for reference samples obtained by replicate analysis are in general agreement with those reported by other workers, with relative standard deviations ranging from 4.1 to 8.8%. Recoveries of selenium spiked at two levels were 98–108%. Major and trace elements commonly encountered in geological materials do not interfere. Arsenic has a suppressing effect on the selenium signals, but only when its concentration is greater than 1 000 p.p.m. Nitric acid interferes seriously with the extraction of selenium and must be removed by evaporation in the sample-digestion step.
","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry","doi":"10.1039/AN9810600647","issn":"00032654","usgsCitation":"Sanzolone, R.F., and Chao, T.T., 1981, Determination of sub-microgram amounts of selenium in geological materials by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry with electrothermal atomisation after solvent extraction: The Analyst, v. 106, no. 1263, p. 647-652, https://doi.org/10.1039/AN9810600647.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"647","endPage":"652","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222521,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"1263","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffcbe4b0c8380cd4f3d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanzolone, R. F.","contributorId":64199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanzolone","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chao, T. T.","contributorId":31900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012141,"text":"70012141 - 1981 - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of ancient buried wood-I. Observations on the origin of coal to the brown coal stage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-13T07:36:06","indexId":"70012141","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of ancient buried wood-I. Observations on the origin of coal to the brown coal stage","docAbstract":"Various wood fragments buried in sediments under anaerobic conditions for from 450 yr to approximately 8 Myr have been examined by solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. Cellulose and other carbohydrates, the major components of Holocene wood, have been shown to be gradually hydrolyzed or otherwise lost under the conditions of burial. Lignin structures, however, are preserved relatively unchanged and become concentrated by difference as the carbohydrates disappear. Thus, a fragment of coalified wood isolated from a Miocene brown coal was found to be still composed of approximately 75% lignin and 25% cellulose. On the basis of our observations, we suggest that coalification of woody tissue progresses directly from lignin to coal and that such coalification may be retarded until most of the cellulose disappears. ?? 1981.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(81)90013-9","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Hatcher, P.G., Breger, I.A., and Earl, W., 1981, Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of ancient buried wood-I. Observations on the origin of coal to the brown coal stage: Organic Geochemistry, v. 3, no. 1-2, p. 49-55, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(81)90013-9.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222460,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a68c4e4b0c8380cd739b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatcher, Patrick G.","contributorId":93625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatcher","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breger, Irving A.","contributorId":65205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breger","given":"Irving","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Earl, W.L.","contributorId":25295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earl","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012124,"text":"70012124 - 1981 - Chemical constraints of groundwater management in the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-06T07:03:57","indexId":"70012124","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical constraints of groundwater management in the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico","docAbstract":"Two critical objectives of water management in the Yucatan are: (1) to develop regional groundwater supplies for an expanding population and tourism based on the Mayan archeological sites and excellent beaches; and (2) to control groundwater pollution in a chemically sensitive system made vulnerable by geologic conditions.
The Yucatan peninsula is a coastal plain underlain by permeable limestone and has an annual rainfall of more than 1000 mm. Such a setting should provide abundant supplies of water; however, factors of climate and hydrogeology have combined to form a hydrologic system with chemical boundaries that decrease the amount of available fresh water.
Management of water resources has long had a major influence on the cultural and economic development of the Yucatan. The Mayan culture of the northern Yucatan developed by extensive use of groundwater. The religion was water-oriented and the Mayan priests prayed to Chac, the water god, for assistance in water management primarily to decrease the severity of droughts. The Spaniards arrived in 1517 and augmented the supplies by digging wells, which remained the common practice for more than 300 years. Many wells now have been abandoned because of serious problems of pollution resulting from the use of a sewage disposal well adjacent to each supply well.
The modern phase of water management began in 1959 when the Secretaría de Recursos Hidráulicos (S.R.H.) was charged with the responsibility for both scientific investigations and development programmes for water-supply and sewage-disposal systems for cities, villages and islands.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81709","usgsCitation":"Solomon, B., 1981, Geology and oil shale resources near Elko, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-709, Report: vii, 146 p.; 1 Plate: 41.91 x 39.28 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81709.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 146 p.; 1 Plate: 41.91 x 39.28 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416583,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75528.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":39048,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0709/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39049,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0709/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145790,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0709/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","city":"Elko","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.794,\n 40.833\n ],\n [\n -115.794,\n 40.766\n ],\n [\n -115.698,\n 40.766\n ],\n [\n -115.698,\n 40.833\n ],\n [\n -115.794,\n 40.833\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db68471f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Solomon, B.J.","contributorId":10045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solomon","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10942,"text":"ofr801179 - 1981 - Potentiometric surface of the Wilcox-Carrizo aquifer; Bienville, Red River, and northern Natchitoches, and southern Webster Parishes, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-09T22:02:37.885546","indexId":"ofr801179","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-1179","title":"Potentiometric surface of the Wilcox-Carrizo aquifer; Bienville, Red River, and northern Natchitoches, and southern Webster Parishes, Louisiana","docAbstract":"The potentiometric surface of the Wilcox-Carrizo aquifer in central northwestern Louisiana is shown by contours using data collected from 1960 to 1980. The aquifer is not affected by regional water-level declines as no large pumping centers have been developed. Seasonal water-level fluctuations in wells are generally less than 10 feet annually.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr801179","usgsCitation":"Ryals, G., 1981, Potentiometric surface of the Wilcox-Carrizo aquifer; Bienville, Red River, and northern Natchitoches, and southern Webster Parishes, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-1179, 1 Plate: 18.00 x 15.14 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr801179.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 18.00 x 15.14 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144036,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":38706,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1179/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":416885,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75360.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","county":"Bienville Parish, Natchitoches Parish, Red River Parish, Webster Parish","otherGeospatial":"Wilcox-Carrizo aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.6083,\n 32.5833\n ],\n [\n -93.6083,\n 31.8864\n ],\n [\n -92.7778,\n 31.8864\n ],\n [\n -92.7778,\n 32.5833\n ],\n [\n -93.6083,\n 32.5833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67b802","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryals, G.N.","contributorId":47374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryals","given":"G.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9445,"text":"ofr81820 - 1981 - Seepage study of the Sevier River and the Central Utah, McIntyre, and Leamington Canals, Juab and Millard Counties, Utah","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9445,"text":"ofr81820 - 1981 - Seepage study of the Sevier River and the Central Utah, McIntyre, and Leamington Canals, Juab and Millard Counties, Utah","indexId":"ofr81820","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Seepage study of the Sevier River and the Central Utah, McIntyre, and Leamington Canals, Juab and Millard Counties, Utah"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70043525,"text":"70043525 - 1982 - Seepage study of the Sevier River and the Central Utah, McIntyre, and Leamington Canals, Juab and Millard Counties, Utah","indexId":"70043525","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"title":"Seepage study of the Sevier River and the Central Utah, McIntyre, and Leamington Canals, Juab and Millard Counties, Utah"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70043525,"text":"70043525 - 1982 - Seepage study of the Sevier River and the Central Utah, McIntyre, and Leamington Canals, Juab and Millard Counties, Utah","indexId":"70043525","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"title":"Seepage study of the Sevier River and the Central Utah, McIntyre, and Leamington Canals, Juab and Millard Counties, Utah"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-07T15:47:31.219495","indexId":"ofr81820","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-820","title":"Seepage study of the Sevier River and the Central Utah, McIntyre, and Leamington Canals, Juab and Millard Counties, Utah","docAbstract":"A study of the gains or losses of the Sevier River and the Central Utah, McIntyre, and Leamington Canals in the Leamington area, in Juab and Millard Counties, Utah, was made to determine changes in those reaches. Three to seven sets of seepage measurements made during 1980 were used in the analysis. Adjustments for fluctuations in flow were made from information obtained from water-stage recorders operated at selected locations during the time of each seepage run. The study showed an overall net gain of about 9 cubic feet per second\n(0.25 cubic meter per second) in the Sevier River and about 1.3 cubic feet per second (0.04 cubic meter per second) in the Leamington Canal. It also showed a net loss of about 7 cubic feet per second (0.20 cubic meter per second) in the Central Utah Canal and about 0.8 cubic foot per second (0.02 cubic meter per second) in the McIntyre Canal. The gains in the Sevier River and Leamington Canal probably come chiefly as return seepage of water lost from the Central Utah and McIntyre Canals.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr81820","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources and Energy, Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Herbert, L.R., Cruff, R., and Holmes, W.F., 1981, Seepage study of the Sevier River and the Central Utah, McIntyre, and Leamington Canals, Juab and Millard Counties, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-820, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81820.","productDescription":"14 p.","numberOfPages":"50","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406316,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0820/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":405721,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75544.htm"},{"id":142204,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0820/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Juab County, Millard County","otherGeospatial":"Central Utah Canal, Leamington Canal, McIntyre Canal, Sevier River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.50102996826172,\n 39.445738080447484\n ],\n [\n -112.50102996826172,\n 39.63345647307571\n ],\n [\n -112.22911834716797,\n 39.63345647307571\n ],\n [\n -112.22911834716797,\n 39.445738080447484\n ],\n [\n -112.50102996826172,\n 39.445738080447484\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb993","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herbert, L. R.","contributorId":39865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbert","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cruff, R.W.","contributorId":77510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cruff","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holmes, Walter F.","contributorId":31737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1007522,"text":"1007522 - 1981 - Mesurol as a bird repellent on wine grapes in Oregon and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-22T17:24:43.568868","indexId":"1007522","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":726,"text":"American Journal of Enology and Viticulture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mesurol as a bird repellent on wine grapes in Oregon and California","docAbstract":"Field tests were conducted in California and Oregon from July to October 1978 to evaluate the effectiveness of Mesurol as a repellent to reduce bird damage to ripening wine grapes. A block of vines composed of two similar, adjacent plots was delineated at each of 20 vineyards. One randomly chosen plot within each block was treated with up to three applications of Mesurol (75% wettable powder) at a mean rate of 3.1 kg/ha. Damage assessments at harvest showed that the treatment significantly reduced bird damage in both states, but the actual level of bird damage protection provided by the treatment could not be calculated.
Based on bird censuses, the primary grape-depredating species in Oregon vineyards was the American robin (Turdus migratorius), whereas house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus), California quail (Lophortyx californicus), goldfinches (Spinus spp.), and robins were the primary species in California.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Enology and Viticulture","doi":"10.5344/ajev.1981.32.2.150","usgsCitation":"Hothem, R.L., Mott, D.F., DeHaven, R.W., and Guarino, J., 1981, Mesurol as a bird repellent on wine grapes in Oregon and California: American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, v. 32, no. 2, p. 150-154, https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.1981.32.2.150.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"150","endPage":"154","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131154,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db6250ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hothem, R. L.","contributorId":82633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mott, D. F.","contributorId":22819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mott","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeHaven, R. W.","contributorId":31711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeHaven","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guarino, J. L.","contributorId":32798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guarino","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70197171,"text":"70197171 - 1981 - Magnetic effects of maghemitization of oceanic crust","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-18T14:59:40","indexId":"70197171","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magnetic effects of maghemitization of oceanic crust","docAbstract":"Both theoretical considerations and available experimental results indicate that magnetic effects of maghemitization are strongly dependent on the grain size of the originally unoxidized titanomagnetite. Maghemitization of single‐domain titanomagnetite results in a decrease in coercivity, an increase in susceptibility, and a large decrease in Q ratio. Maghemitization of multidomain titanomagnetite results in an increase in coercivity, a decrease in susceptibility, and no large changes in Q ratio. Single‐domain titanomagnetite is probably resistant to the development of a chemical remanent magnetization (CRM), whereas multidomain titanomagnetite can acquire a CRM during maghemitization. The behavior of pseudo‐single‐domain titanomagnetite, which is the main carrier of remanence in submarine extrusive rocks, is investigated by comparing the magnetic properties of the French‐American Mid‐Ocean Undersea Study (FAMOUS) (less than 0.1 m.y. old) and the Leg 37 (3.5 m.y. old) pillow basalts recovered from the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge near 37°N. Combining electron microprobe analyses, Curie temperature measurements, and cell edge determinations, we find that the FAMOUS rocks are already oxidized (z = 0.38), possibly as a result of some high‐temperature maghemitization during cooling of the magma. Comparison with the more highly oxidized (z = 0.7) Leg 37 pillow basalts indicates that low‐temperature maghemitization of such rocks does not result in appreciable changes of coercivity and susceptibility, although the Q ratio does decrease and CRM seems to be acquired. Such a CRM could account for the anomalously low magnetic inclinations observed at most of the Leg 37 sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/JB086iB05p04009","usgsCitation":"Prevot, M., Lecaille, A., and Mankinen, E.A., 1981, Magnetic effects of maghemitization of oceanic crust: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 86, no. B5, p. 4009-4020, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB086iB05p04009.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"4009","endPage":"4020","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354338,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff44cee4b0da30c1bfdb2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prevot, M.","contributorId":75679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prevot","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lecaille, A.","contributorId":49924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lecaille","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mankinen, Edward A. 0000-0001-7496-2681 emank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":1054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"Edward","email":"emank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70197260,"text":"70197260 - 1981 - The relation between exploration economics and the characteristics of mineral deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-24T12:51:54","indexId":"70197260","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The relation between exploration economics and the characteristics of mineral deposits","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The economics of exploration for energy resources","language":"English","publisher":"JAI Press","usgsCitation":"Singer, D.A., and Mosier, D., 1981, The relation between exploration economics and the characteristics of mineral deposits, chap. of The economics of exploration for energy resources, p. 313-326.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"313","endPage":"326","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354461,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b15c30ee4b092d9651e23d0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ramsey, J. B.","contributorId":205208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramsey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736443,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Singer, Donald A. dsinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":5601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Donald","email":"dsinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":736441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mosier, D.L.","contributorId":21965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mosier","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176808,"text":"70176808 - 1981 - 1980 Water resources program in Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-21T13:12:59","indexId":"70176808","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"1980 Water resources program in Oregon","docAbstract":"The Water Resources Division investigates and reports on the occurrence, quantity, quality, distribution, and movement of surface and underground water. Work of the Division is described in detail later in this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/70176808","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, 1980 Water resources program in Oregon, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70176808.","productDescription":"28 p.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329387,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70176808.jpg"},{"id":330319,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70176808/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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Dairy residue replaced 10% dried whey without reducing growth or feed efficiency, and feed costs were reduced. Growth and feeding efficiency were somewhat reduced when dairy‐processing wastes in the diet were 15 or 20%.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1981)43[86:DWAARP]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Rumsey, G.L., Cacace, M., Zall, R.R., and Lisk, D.J., 1981, Dairy-processing wastes as a replacement protein source in diets of rainbow trout: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 43, no. 2, p. 86-88, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1981)43[86:DWAARP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"86","endPage":"88","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131496,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66ec6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rumsey, G. L.","contributorId":80604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rumsey","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cacace, M.","contributorId":9616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacace","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zall, R. R.","contributorId":83877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zall","given":"R.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lisk, D. J.","contributorId":84706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisk","given":"D.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70011682,"text":"70011682 - 1981 - Hydromythology and ethnohydrology in the New World","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-05T10:18:24","indexId":"70011682","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydromythology and ethnohydrology in the New World","docAbstract":"From mythology, archeology, and chronicles of early explorers we can learn how early Americans viewed the cause and effect relations of hydrologic phenomena. Hopes and fears are the basis of religion, and it was through religion that water management was first practiced. Early people used their water resources to develop diverse civilizations in various parts of the western hemisphere. Not only was the rise of these earlier civilizations hydrologically influenced, but also the downfall of some was related to natural or man-made hydrological crises in which gods and mythology continued to play a role.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR017i002p00257","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Back, W., 1981, Hydromythology and ethnohydrology in the New World: Water Resources Research, v. 17, no. 2, p. 257-287, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR017i002p00257.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"287","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America, South America","volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3789e4b0c8380cd60f51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Back, William","contributorId":59007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Back","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011683,"text":"70011683 - 1981 - Earthquakes May-June 1980.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-17T21:44:20","indexId":"70011683","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquakes May-June 1980.","docAbstract":"The months were seismically active, although only one major event (7.0-7.9) occurred in an unpopulated Philippine Island. Mexico was struck by a 6.3 quake on June 9 killing at least two people. The most significant earthquake in the United States was in the Mammoth Lakes area of California. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","issn":"00460931","usgsCitation":"Person, W., 1981, Earthquakes May-June 1980.: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 13, no. 1, p. 34-35.","startPage":"34","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a050ee4b0c8380cd50c40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Person, W. J.","contributorId":91472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011684,"text":"70011684 - 1981 - Lithostratigraphy of Shell 272-1 and 273-1 Wells: Implications as to depositional history of the Baltimore Canyon Trough, Mid- Atlantic OCS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T11:54:46.872297","indexId":"70011684","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithostratigraphy of Shell 272-1 and 273-1 Wells: Implications as to depositional history of the Baltimore Canyon Trough, Mid- Atlantic OCS","docAbstract":"Upper Jurassic gray and red-brown shale, sandstone, and coal are the oldest strata penetrated by the Shell 272-1 and 273-1 wells, located approximately 66 mi (106 km) southeast of Atlantic City, New Jersey, in the northwest part of the Baltimore Canyon Trough. The Lower Cretaceous section consists of gray shale that is overlain by a sequence of thick-bedded sandstones interbedded with thin-bedded shales. The Upper Cretaceous section is dominated by slightly calcareous mudstone, but also contains a Coniacian to Campanian sandstone. The Cenozoic section is mainly mudstone and overlying unconsolidated sand.
Seven major lithologic units were established and correlated to the COST B-2 and B-3 wells. The depositional environments of the Upper Jurassic rocks range from an upper delta plain facies penetrated in the two Shell wells and the B-2 well to a back-reef facies penetrated in the B-3 well. The Lower Cretaceous strata, in a vertical sequence, consist of upper delta plain, lower delta plain, interdistributary bay and/or marginal marine, and distributary-mouth-bar deposits. A Cenomanian sandstone penetrated in the B-3 well is the youngest indicator of deltaic deposition; marine strata dominate the remainder of the Upper Cretaceous and Cenozoic.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/03B59571-16D1-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Libby-French, J., 1981, Lithostratigraphy of Shell 272-1 and 273-1 Wells: Implications as to depositional history of the Baltimore Canyon Trough, Mid- Atlantic OCS: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 65, no. 8, p. 1476-1484, https://doi.org/10.1306/03B59571-16D1-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1476","endPage":"1484","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220926,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Baltimore Canyon Trough","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -76,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -72,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -72,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -76,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a48a5e4b0c8380cd67fff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Libby-French, J.","contributorId":31526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Libby-French","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011686,"text":"70011686 - 1981 - Multichannel peristaltic pump with a pneumatic nebulizer for atomic absorption or emission spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T17:31:15.130821","indexId":"70011686","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multichannel peristaltic pump with a pneumatic nebulizer for atomic absorption or emission spectrometry","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac00227a046","usgsCitation":"Layman, L.R., Crock, J., and Lichte, F., 1981, Multichannel peristaltic pump with a pneumatic nebulizer for atomic absorption or emission spectrometry: Analytical Chemistry, v. 53, no. 4, p. 747-748, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00227a046.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"747","endPage":"748","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220988,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5fdae4b0c8380cd71195","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Layman, L. R.","contributorId":40640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Layman","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crock, J.G.","contributorId":58236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lichte, F.E.","contributorId":99108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lichte","given":"F.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}