Encompassing about 21,000 km2 in southwestern Arizona, the Ajo and Lukeville 1° by 2° quadrangles have been the subject of mineral resource investigations utilizing field and laboratory studies in the disciplines of geology, geochemistry, geophysics, and Landsat imagery. The results of these studies are published as a folio of maps, figures, and tables, with accompanying discussions. Past mineral production has been limited to copper from the Ajo Mining District. In addition to copper, the quadrangles contain potentially significant resources of gold and silver; a few other commodities, including molybdenum and evaporites, may also exist in the area as appreciable resources. This circular provides background information on the mineral deposits and on the investigations and integrates the information presented in the folio. The bibliography cites references to the geology, geochemistry, geophysics, and mineral deposits of the two quadrangles.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1082","usgsCitation":"Gray, F., Tosdal, R., Peterson, J., Cox, D.P., Miller, R.J., Klein, D.P., Theobald, P., Haxel, G.B., Grubensky, M., Raines, G.L., Barton, H.N., Singer, D., and Eppinger, R., 1992, The Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program: Background information to accompany folio of geologic, geochemical, geophysical, and mineral resource maps of the Ajo and Lukeville 1° by 2° quadrangles, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1082, iv, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1082.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391483,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24151.htm"},{"id":31375,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1992/1082/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":117489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1992/1082/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Ajo and Lukeville 1° by 2° quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114,\n 31.625\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 31.625\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 31.625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ec91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, Floyd 0000-0002-0223-8966 fgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0223-8966","contributorId":603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Floyd","email":"fgray@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":148613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tosdal, R. M.","contributorId":54982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tosdal","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, J.A.","contributorId":76308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cox, D. P.","contributorId":82689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, R. J.","contributorId":9225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Klein, D. P.","contributorId":36555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":148615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Theobald, P. K.","contributorId":45293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theobald","given":"P. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Haxel, G. B.","contributorId":71503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haxel","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Grubensky, M. J.","contributorId":77975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grubensky","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Raines, G. L.","contributorId":90720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raines","given":"G.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Barton, H. N.","contributorId":99546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Singer, D.A.","contributorId":69128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Eppinger, R. G.","contributorId":100837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppinger","given":"R. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70243235,"text":"70243235 - 1992 - Enhancement and integration of airborne gamma-ray spectrometric and Landsat imagery for regolith mapping — Cape York Peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-04T15:54:00.317072","indexId":"70243235","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T10:47:01","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1612,"text":"Exploration Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enhancement and integration of airborne gamma-ray spectrometric and Landsat imagery for regolith mapping — Cape York Peninsula","docAbstract":"Airborne gamma-ray spectrometric data (400-m line spacing), gathered for the National Geoscience Mapping Accord North Queensland Project, has proved invaluable for differentiating regolith types based on their potassium, thorium and uranium signatures. The ability of the gamma-ray signal to penetrate the vegetation cover and as much as 40 cm below the surface was a considerable advantage in North Queensland, where traditional mapping techniques are hindered by the thick vegetation cover and where deeply weathered sandy soils frequently mask underlying geology.
Two image-processing techniques were used to enhance the gamma-ray data and integrate them with Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data. Firstly, a sun-angle illuminated high-pass filtered component (hillshade) of the gamma-ray image was added to a three-band false-colour composite image of the corrected gamma-ray data. The hillshade component highlighted local changes in the gamma-ray signal which related to changes in regolith materials and lithology, and sharpened boundaries associated with geomorphic features. Secondly, the gamma-ray image was integrated (pixel by pixel) with the high-frequency component of the corresponding TM band 5 scene. This allowed the imagery to be interpreted in a geomorphological and structural context.
Broad lithological divisions and structural domains were identified in the imagery, but most of the variation within these groups relates to the regolith cover and to geomorphic features in the landscape. Subtle variations in lithology were effectively interpreted only when the responses of the regolith cover are known. The gamma-ray imagery provided an insight into the weathering and geomorphic history of the region. In addition, the imagery can also be interpreted as a ‘geomorphic activity map’, separating stable landforms with deep weathering from younger landforms with active erosion and stripping of the surficial cover. This allows past and present geomorphic processes to be interpreted from the imagery, which in turn provides more informed extrapolation of field results and prediction of regolith types.
The imagery was highly useful for basement and regolith mapping. There is considerable potential for assisting with interpretation of both stream-sediment geochemical data and environmental studies, since the resulting imagery effectively maps the distribution of sediments in the landscape, and identifies areas of erosion and land degradation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1071/EG992441","usgsCitation":"Wilford, J.R., Pain, C.F., and Dohrenwend, J.C., 1992, Enhancement and integration of airborne gamma-ray spectrometric and Landsat imagery for regolith mapping — Cape York Peninsula: Exploration Geophysics, v. 23, no. 1-2, p. 441-445, https://doi.org/10.1071/EG992441.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"441","endPage":"445","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416722,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Australia","state":"Queensland","otherGeospatial":"Cape York","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 140.16394788242775,\n -17.544272748662053\n ],\n [\n 143.32437044240226,\n -18.62129837815519\n ],\n [\n 146.25779792286647,\n -18.00024379957594\n ],\n [\n 146.3397927476505,\n -17.718815134836788\n ],\n [\n 146.0457291178991,\n -17.033746681031374\n ],\n [\n 145.64673992920774,\n -16.438836825862637\n ],\n [\n 145.4839162218467,\n -14.968841735888873\n ],\n [\n 144.7658356349835,\n -14.403990088831591\n ],\n [\n 144.47484319481413,\n -14.003182006252729\n ],\n [\n 143.92693655513642,\n -14.328369422823386\n ],\n [\n 143.5677300427131,\n -12.776070853683976\n ],\n [\n 142.88870982287847,\n -11.169031122893855\n ],\n [\n 142.43164719584388,\n -10.126485777938043\n ],\n [\n 141.99648952296758,\n -9.951792414381273\n ],\n [\n 141.8659163757659,\n -11.603593613127757\n ],\n [\n 141.3862923783371,\n -12.461356951114226\n ],\n [\n 141.31844192493054,\n -13.804806829095313\n ],\n [\n 141.40434417920937,\n -14.506227565836568\n ],\n [\n 141.40272353926105,\n -15.10054777201644\n ],\n [\n 141.1786585598378,\n -16.034230492216295\n ],\n [\n 140.77339930246842,\n -16.948321916253477\n ],\n [\n 140.7250037788868,\n -17.375342399844328\n ],\n [\n 140.16394788242775,\n -17.544272748662053\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilford, J. 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C.","contributorId":40960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dohrenwend","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70127888,"text":"70127888 - 1992 - Use of remote sensing and GIS to identify Flamingo habitat in the Argentine Altiplano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-07T00:33:44.930956","indexId":"70127888","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T10:27:50","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1121,"text":"Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of remote sensing and GIS to identify Flamingo habitat in the Argentine Altiplano","docAbstract":"The Argentine altiplano is a remote area which has never been adequately mapped. It is an arid region with harsh climate, little vegetation, sparse population, and an average elevation of over 3,500 feet. Little is known about the large populations of three species of flamingos which nest and feed in the altiplano lakes. In a study funded by the National Geographic Society satellite data (Landsat MSS and TM data) were used to map the location of major water bodies and to analyze the spectral characteristics of the aquatic ecosystems in the altiplano. A comparison of the two images revealed dramatic changes in the size, depth, and spectral reflectance of the lakes utilized by the flamingos.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","usgsCitation":"Boyle, S.C., Hoffer, R.M., Boyle, T.P., and Bucher, E.H., 1992, Use of remote sensing and GIS to identify Flamingo habitat in the Argentine Altiplano: Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, v. 73, no. 2, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294779,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Argentina","otherGeospatial":"Altiplano","volume":"73","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542e698de4b092f17df5ab0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyle, Susan C.","contributorId":16768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyle","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffer, Roger M.","contributorId":67025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffer","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyle, Terence P.","contributorId":79037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyle","given":"Terence","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bucher, Enrique H.","contributorId":10349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bucher","given":"Enrique","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70017141,"text":"70017141 - 1992 - Mapping thermal maturity in the Chainman shale, near Eureka, Nevada, with Landsat Thematic Mapper images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-19T17:40:10.222065","indexId":"70017141","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping thermal maturity in the Chainman shale, near Eureka, Nevada, with Landsat Thematic Mapper images","docAbstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a correlation between measurements of organic matter (OM) maturity and laboratory measurements of visible and near-infrared spectral reflectance, and if Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images could be used to map maturity. The maturity of Mississippian Chainman Shale samples collected in east-central Nevada and west-central Utah was determined by using vitrinite reflectance and Rock-Eval pyrolysis. To establish the relations between maturity and spectral reflectance in the visible and near-infrared (VNIR) wavelength region, VNIR reflectance spectra of fresh and weathered whole-rock sample surfaces were measured in the laboratory. The spectra were convolved digitally with the Landsat TM filter band passes to facilitate th analysis, especially the relative sensitivities of individual band passes and ratios of band passes to spectral reflectance variations related to OM maturity.
With increasing maturity, overall VNIR diffuse reflectance and mineral-absorption-feature intensities decrease, and the shape of the spectra changes from concave-downward to nearly flat. The spectral shape differences between mature and supermature samples remains distinctive in reflectance spectra of weathered surfaces. TM 4/TM 5 values correspond well to vitrinite reflectance and hydrogen index variations, and therefore this ratio was used to evaluate a TM image of the Eureka, Nevada, area for mapping thermal maturity differences in the Chainman Shale. First, the contribution of vegetation to the TM response was minimized using a linear regression technique, and then a TM 4/TM 5 density-sliced image was produced.
Field evaluation of the TM 4/TM 5 density-sliced image shows that all the high values in the Chainman Shale, which correspond to high maturity, are located in the Diamond Mountains; in contrast, Chainman Shale in the northwestern Pancake Range exhibits low to moderate values. These results are consistent with published local maturity determinations. Locally, the presence of limonitic arenaceous exposures and colluvium causes anomalously low TM 4/TM 5 values, but these areas can be identified in TM images because of their diagnostic VNIR reflectance spectra.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/BDFF895C-1718-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Rowan, L., Pawlewicz, M., and Jones, O.D., 1992, Mapping thermal maturity in the Chainman shale, near Eureka, Nevada, with Landsat Thematic Mapper images: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 76, no. 7, p. 1008-1023, https://doi.org/10.1306/BDFF895C-1718-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1008","endPage":"1023","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224679,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","city":"Eureka","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.75,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 39.25\n ],\n [\n -115.75,\n 39.25\n ],\n [\n -115.75,\n 39.75\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"76","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a508be4b0c8380cd6b76b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, Lawrence C.","contributorId":22860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"Lawrence C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pawlewicz, Mark","contributorId":69212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pawlewicz","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, O. D.","contributorId":42700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016165,"text":"70016165 - 1992 - Comparison of spatial variability in visible and near-infrared spectral images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:41","indexId":"70016165","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of spatial variability in visible and near-infrared spectral images","docAbstract":"The visible and near-infrared bands of the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and the Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre (SPOT) were analyzed to determine which band contained more spatial variability. It is important for applications that require spatial information, such as those dealing with mapping linear features and automatic image-to-image correlation, to know which spectral band image should be used. Statistical and visual analyses were used in the project. The amount of variance in an 11 by 11 pixel spatial filter and in the first difference at the six spacings of 1, 5, 11, 23, 47, and 95 pixels was computed for the visible and near-infrared bands. The results indicate that the near-infrared band has more spatial variability than the visible band, especially in images covering densely vegetated areas. -Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Chavez, P., 1992, Comparison of spatial variability in visible and near-infrared spectral images: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 58, no. 7, p. 957-964.","startPage":"957","endPage":"964","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223201,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f890e4b0c8380cd4d1b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chavez, P.S. Jr.","contributorId":75147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chavez","given":"P.S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70187411,"text":"70187411 - 1992 - Landsat thematic mapper products for rangeland assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-02T11:38:50","indexId":"70187411","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1753,"text":"Geocarto International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landsat thematic mapper products for rangeland assessment","docAbstract":"Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data are useful for mapping rangeland resources worldwide. Spatial resolution and spectral characteristics of the data are adequate for performing a variety of range‐related tasks, including monitoring ecological change. The unique spectral characteristics of TM data are important in the development of products for manual interpretation of images to be used in rangeland assessment. Procedures were developed for using a histogram‐based, data‐dependent stretch of multispectml data values for producing site‐specific TM image products. The process optimizes image information for a given data set without a priori knowledge of the imaged site. Manual interpretation of TM products for rangeland assessment has many applications and will be aided by a standardized procedure for compositing spectral bands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10106049209354349","usgsCitation":"Haas, R.H., 1992, Landsat thematic mapper products for rangeland assessment: Geocarto International, v. 7, no. 1, p. 27-33, https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049209354349.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"33","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340734,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59099ab2e4b0fc4e44915822","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haas, Robert H.","contributorId":93388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":693917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70188405,"text":"70188405 - 1992 - Destriping of Landsat MSS images by filtering techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-14T15:58:25.637231","indexId":"70188405","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Destriping of Landsat MSS images by filtering techniques","docAbstract":"The removal of striping noise encountered in the Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) images can be generally done by using frequency filtering techniques. Frequency domain filtering has, however, several problems, such as storage limitation of data required for fast Fourier transforms, ringing artifacts appearing at high-intensity discontinuities, and edge effects between adjacent filtered data sets. One way for circumventing the above difficulties is to design a spatial filter to convolve with the images. Because it is known that the striping always appears at frequencies of 1/6, 1/3, and 1/2 cycles per line, it is possible to design a simple one-dimensional spatial filter to take advantage of this a priori knowledge to cope with the above problems. The desired filter is the type of finite impulse response which can be designed by a linear programming and Remez's exchange algorithm coupled with an adaptive technique. In addition, a four-step spatial filtering technique with an appropriate adaptive approach is also presented which may be particularly useful for geometrically rectified MSS images.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASPRS","usgsCitation":"Pan, J., and Chang, C., 1992, Destriping of Landsat MSS images by filtering techniques: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 58, no. 10, p. 1417-1423.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1417","endPage":"1423","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342294,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593ad70fe4b0764e6c602184","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pan, Jeng-Jong","contributorId":35877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pan","given":"Jeng-Jong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chang, Chein-I","contributorId":192740,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chang","given":"Chein-I","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70187579,"text":"70187579 - 1992 - A technique for the reduction of banding in Landsat Thematic Mapper Images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T13:43:57","indexId":"70187579","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A technique for the reduction of banding in Landsat Thematic Mapper Images","docAbstract":"The radiometric difference between forward and reverse scans in Landsat thematic mapper (TM) images, referred to as \"banding,\" can create problems when enhancing the image for interpretation or when performing quantitative studies. Recent research has led to the development of a method that reduces the banding in Landsat TM data sets. It involves passing a one-dimensional spatial kernel over the data set. This kernel is developed from the statistics of the banding pattern and is based on the Wiener filter. It has been implemented on both a DOS-based microcomputer and several UNIX-based computer systems. The algorithm has successfully reduced the banding in several test data sets.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASPRS","usgsCitation":"Helder, D.L., Quirk, B.K., and Hood, J.J., 1992, A technique for the reduction of banding in Landsat Thematic Mapper Images: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 58, no. 10, p. 1425-1431.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1425","endPage":"1431","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341008,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5912d53ee4b0e541a03d4557","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helder, Dennis L.","contributorId":105613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helder","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quirk, Bruce K. quirk@usgs.gov","contributorId":4285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quirk","given":"Bruce","email":"quirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":694627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hood, Joy J. jhood@usgs.gov","contributorId":5510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hood","given":"Joy","email":"jhood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":694628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187576,"text":"70187576 - 1992 - Land cover mapping of the Upper Kuskokwim Resource Management Area, Alaska, using Landsat and a digital data base approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T13:34:32","indexId":"70187576","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1175,"text":"Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land cover mapping of the Upper Kuskokwim Resource Management Area, Alaska, using Landsat and a digital data base approach","docAbstract":"Digital land cover and terrain data for the Upper Kuskokwim Resource Management Area in south-central Alaska were produced by the U.S. Geological Survey for the U.S. Bureau of Land Management. These and other environmental data were incorporated into a digital data base to assist in the production of a land cover map and to facilitate in the management and planning of the area.
The digital data base is registered to a 50 m Universal Transverse Mercator grid and is stored on computer-compatible tape to facilitate transfer between different processing systems. The data base includes land cover classifications, terrain models (elevation, slope, aspect, solar illumination), autumn and winter Landsat multi-spectral scanner data, soils and surficial geology data, and area boundary.
The spectral classification of Landsat multi-spectral scanner data resulted in seven major classes and 24 subclasses. Major classes were forest, shrubland, dwarf scrub, herbaceous, barren, water, and other.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/07038992.1992.10855308","usgsCitation":"Markon, C., 1992, Land cover mapping of the Upper Kuskokwim Resource Management Area, Alaska, using Landsat and a digital data base approach: Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 18, no. 2, p. 62-71, https://doi.org/10.1080/07038992.1992.10855308.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"62","endPage":"71","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341005,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5912d54ee4b0e541a03d456b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markon, Carl markon@usgs.gov","contributorId":140882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markon","given":"Carl","email":"markon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":113,"text":"Alaska Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70039498,"text":"70039498 - 1991 - FOLD, federally owned Landsat data January 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-11T01:01:51","indexId":"70039498","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-08T09:55:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":358,"text":"FOLD, federally owned Landsat data","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"FOLD, federally owned Landsat data January 1991","docAbstract":"The FOLD data base lists all Landsat scenes held by participating agencies. Duplicate scene listings are maintained when more than one agency holds identical scenes; this permits the user to select the most convenient site to obtain a copy. Copies of the listing are distributed by EDC to contributing agencies and other selected offices.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, EROS Data Center","publisherLocation":"Sioux Falls, SD","doi":"10.3133/70039498","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1991, FOLD, federally owned Landsat data January 1991: FOLD, federally owned Landsat data, vii, 269 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039498.","productDescription":"vii, 269 p.","numberOfPages":"279","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261628,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039498/report.pdf"},{"id":261629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039498/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e7be4b0c8380cd5349b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30280,"text":"wri894157 - 1991 - Use of Landsat imagery to estimate ground-water pumpage for irrigation on the Columbia Plateau in eastern Washington, 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-26T16:33:22.328642","indexId":"wri894157","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4157","title":"Use of Landsat imagery to estimate ground-water pumpage for irrigation on the Columbia Plateau in eastern Washington, 1985","docAbstract":"A method for estimating ground-water pumpage for irrigation was developed for the Columbia Plateau in eastern Washington. The method combines water-application rates estimated from pumpage data with acreage of irrigated crops that was mapped by using Landsat imagery. The study area consisted of Grant, Lincoln, Adams, and Franklin Counties, an area of approximately 8,900 square miles, and accounts for approximately three-fourths of the ground-water pumpage in the Columbia Plateau in eastern Washington.
Data from two passes of Landsat's multispectral scanner were analyzed by using a spectral band ratioing procedure to map irrigated crops for the study area. Data from one pass of Landsat's thematic mapper, covering approximately two-thirds of the study area, also were analyzed for determining irrigated crops in the area resulting in a 6-percent improvement in accuracy over the multispectral scanner analysis.
A total of 576 annual water-application rates associated with particular crops, for the 1982 through 1985 seasons, were calculated. A regression equation was developed for estimating annual water-application rates as a function of crop type, annual precipitation, irrigation system type, and available water capacity of the soil. Crops were grouped into three water-use categories: (1) small grains, primarily wheat and barley; (2) high water-use crops consisting of corn, alfalfa, and potatoes; and (3) miscellaneous vegetable and row crops. Annual water-application rates, expressed as a depth of water, then were multiplied by irrigated area determined by Landsat to estimate a volume of water pumped for irrigation for 1985-620,000 acre-feet. An assessment of accuracy for estimating pumpage for 28 of the sites showed that total predicted pumpage was within 4 percent of the total observed pumpage.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri894157","usgsCitation":"Van Metre, P., and Seevers, P., 1991, Use of Landsat imagery to estimate ground-water pumpage for irrigation on the Columbia Plateau in eastern Washington, 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4157, iv, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894157.","productDescription":"iv, 38 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":408757,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47245.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":59069,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4157/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159684,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4157/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 46.2167\n ],\n [\n -117.8333,\n 46.2167\n ],\n [\n -117.8333,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 48\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db60517c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Metre, P. C.","contributorId":92999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"P. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seevers, Paul","contributorId":30258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seevers","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":66960,"text":"i2050B - 1991 - Map showing the association of linear features with metallic mines and prospects in the Butte 1° x 2° quadrangle, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-13T18:52:40.157696","indexId":"i2050B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2050","chapter":"B","title":"Map showing the association of linear features with metallic mines and prospects in the Butte 1° x 2° quadrangle, Montana","docAbstract":"This study was undertaken as part of the Conterminous U.S. Mineral Assessment Program (CUSMAP). The purpose of the study was to map linear features on Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) images and a proprietary side-looking airborne radar (SLAR) image mosaic and to determine the spatial relationship between these linear features and the locations of metallic mineral occurrE-nces. The results show a close spatial association of linear features with metallic mineral occurrences in parts of the quadrangle, but in other areas the association is less well defined.
Linear features are defined as distinct linear and slightly curvilinear elements mappable on MSS and SLAR images. The features generally represent linear segments of streams, ridges, and terminations of topographic features; however, they may also represent tonal patterns that are related to variations in lithology and vegetation. Most linear features in the Butte quadrangle probably represent underlying structural elements, such as fractures (with and without displacement), dikes, and alignment of fold axes. However, in areas underlain by sedimentary rocks, some of the linear features may reflect bedding traces. This report describes the geologic setting of the Butte quadrangle, the procedures used in mapping and analyzing the linear features, and the results of the study. Relationship of these features to placer and non-metal deposits were not analyzed in this study and are not discussed in this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2050B","usgsCitation":"Rowan, L.C., Trautwein, C., and Purdy, T.L., 1991, Map showing the association of linear features with metallic mines and prospects in the Butte 1° x 2° quadrangle, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2050, Report: 12 p.; 1 Plate: 40.0 x 30.0 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2050B.","productDescription":"Report: 12 p.; 1 Plate: 40.0 x 30.0 inches","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":189122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2050b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":91630,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2050b/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91631,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2050b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":107268,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10102.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"10102"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Butte 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,46 ], [ -114,47 ], [ -112,47 ], [ -112,46 ], [ -114,46 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a29d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, L. C.","contributorId":40584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trautwein, C. M.","contributorId":86748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trautwein","given":"C. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Purdy, T. L.","contributorId":53812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purdy","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":67225,"text":"i2206 - 1991 - Landforms of the conterminous United States — A digital shaded relief portrayal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-03T22:45:27.500643","indexId":"i2206","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2206","title":"Landforms of the conterminous United States — A digital shaded relief portrayal","docAbstract":"Our map was made by digital image-processing, a technical specialty related to the broader fields of computer graphics and machine vision (Dawson, 1987; Kennie and McLaren, 1988). The technology includes the many spacially based operations first brought together and developed systematically to manipulate Ranger, Mariner, Landsat, and other images that are reassembled from spacecraft telemetry in a raster or scan-line arrangement of square-grid elements (Nathan, 1966; Castleman, 1979; Sheldon, 1987). These computer procedures have been successfully transferred to landform analysis from remote-sensing applications by substituting terrain heights or sea-floor depths for the customary values of electromagnetic radiation obtained from satellites an stored in digital arrays of pixels (Batson and others, 1975).
Landsat images, together with aerial photographs, maps, and field measurements, were used to locate and describe the areal distribution of and changes in glaciers in Turkey, Iran, and Africa
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the World (Professional Paper 1386)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1386G","usgsCitation":"Kurter, A., Ferrigno, J.G., Young, J., and Case, H.L., 1991, Glaciers of the Middle East and Africa (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1386, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1386G.","productDescription":"70 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119169,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1386g/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":3564,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1386g/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":65218,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1386g/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Iran, 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Jr.","contributorId":90679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard S.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914606,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":914607,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Kurter, Ajun","contributorId":344739,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kurter","given":"Ajun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":914609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, James A.","contributorId":13735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Case, Harvey L. hlcase@usgs.gov","contributorId":336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Case","given":"Harvey","email":"hlcase@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":914611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70195034,"text":"70195034 - 1991 - Rockslides on the Terminus of \"Jokulsargilsjokull\", Southern Iceland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T14:44:29","indexId":"70195034","displayToPublicDate":"1991-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1768,"text":"Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Rockslides on the Terminus of \"Jökulsárgilsjökull\", Southern Iceland","title":"Rockslides on the Terminus of \"Jokulsargilsjokull\", Southern Iceland","docAbstract":"On 10 November 1976, a 1.5 km × 0.5 km rockslide deposit on the surface of an unnamed outlet glacier of Mýrdalsjökull ice cap, southern Iceland, was observed from an aircraft. Deposits from two different rockslides, including the larger one observed on 10 November 1976, were visible on a 10 September 1978 aerial photograph of the unnamed outlet glacier. An analysis of vertical and oblique aerial photographs, Landsat images, and seismological records was used to establish the time of occurrence of the larger rockslide to a 30-day period between 9 September 1972 and 9 October 1972. The trigger mechanisms for the rockslide activity appear to have been heavy precipitation prior to the event and the decrease of buttressing mass at the base of the valley wall resulting from recession of the glacier (decrease in width and thickness). The recession led to instability of highly altered hyaloclastite bedrock, talus, and morainal materials on an oversteepened slope. An earthquake as a trigger mechanism was considered to be unlikely from a thorough review of seismic records. Measurements of the downglacier movement of the larger rockslide deposit give an average speed of the glacier as 30±3 m a-1 between September/October 1972 and 10 September 1978. From measurements of aerial photographs taken on 10 September 1978 and 4 September 1984, the average speed of the glacier increased to 45 m a-1 during this 6-year interval. Although the terminus of the unnamed outlet glacier had not yet begun to advance in 1986, it had undergone thickening since 1978.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.2307/521018","usgsCitation":"Sigurdsson, O., and Williams, R.S., 1991, Rockslides on the Terminus of \"Jokulsargilsjokull\", Southern Iceland: Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, v. 73, no. 3/4, p. 129-140, https://doi.org/10.2307/521018.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"140","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351015,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Iceland","volume":"73","issue":"3/4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a797b96e4b00f54eb1f5e24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sigurdsson, Oddur","contributorId":38666,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sigurdsson","given":"Oddur","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":19946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015004,"text":"70015004 - 1991 - Satellite and earth science data management activities at the U.S. geological survey's EROS data center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:58","indexId":"70015004","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Satellite and earth science data management activities at the U.S. geological survey's EROS data center","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey's Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Data Center, the national archive for Landsat data, has 20 years of experience in acquiring, archiving, processing, and distributing Landsat and earth science data. The Center is expanding its satellite and earth science data management activities to support the U.S. Global Change Research Program and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Observing System Program. The Center's current and future data management activities focus on land data and include: satellite and earth science data set acquisition, development and archiving; data set preservation, maintenance and conversion to more durable and accessible archive medium; development of an advanced Land Data Information System; development of enhanced data packaging and distribution mechanisms; and data processing, reprocessing, and product generation systems.","largerWorkTitle":"GIS/LIS 1991 ACSM-ASPRS Fall Convention","conferenceTitle":"1991 ACSM-ASPRS Fall Convention","conferenceDate":"28 October 1991 through 1 November 1991","conferenceLocation":"Atlanta, GA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASPRS","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD, United States","usgsCitation":"Carneggie, D.M., Metz, G.G., Draeger, W.C., and Thompson, R.J., 1991, Satellite and earth science data management activities at the U.S. geological survey's EROS data center, in GIS/LIS 1991 ACSM-ASPRS Fall Convention, Atlanta, GA, USA, 28 October 1991 through 1 November 1991.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b86cde4b08c986b316130","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carneggie, David M.","contributorId":62758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carneggie","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Metz, Gary G.","contributorId":45466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metz","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Draeger, William C.","contributorId":46522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draeger","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, Ralph J.","contributorId":96837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70014906,"text":"70014906 - 1991 - Analysis of glacier facies using satellite techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-07T00:11:41.599719","indexId":"70014906","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2328,"text":"Journal of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of glacier facies using satellite techniques","docAbstract":"The different snow and ice types on a glacier may be subdivided according to the glacier-facies concept. The surficial expression of some facies may be detected at the end of the balance year by the use of visible and near-infrared image data from the Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) and thematic mapper (TM) sensors. Ice and snow can be distinguished by reflectivity differences in individual or ratioed TM bands on Brúarjökull, an outlet glacier on the northern margin of the Vatnajökull ice cap, Iceland. The Landsat scene shows the upper limit of wet snow on 24 August 1986. Landsat-derived reflectance is lowest for exposed ice and increases markedly at the transient snow line. Above the slush zone is a gradual increase in near-infrared reflectance as a result of decreasing grain-size of the snow, which characterizes drier snow. Landsat data are useful in measuring the areal extent of the ice facies, the slush zone within the wet-snow facies, the snow facies (combined wet-snow, percolation and dry-snow facies), and the respective positions of the transient snow line and the slush limit. In addition, fresh snowfall and/or airborne contaminants, such as soot and tcphra, can limit the utility of Landsat data for delineation of the glacier facies in some cases.
The U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC) has archived two decades of Landsat data, providing a rich collection of information about the dynamics of the Earth's land surface. Major changes to the surface features of the planet can be detected, measured, and studied using Landsat data. The effects of desertification, deforestation, pollution, cataclysmic volcanic activity, and other natural and anthropogenic events can be examined by resource scientists using data acquired from the Landsat series of Earth-observing satellites. The availability of a nearly uninterrupted flow of information from the Landsats, in a consistent data format, gives researchers an important tool for studying surface changes over time.
\nThis booklet provides an overview of the Landsat program and shows the application of the data to monitor changes occurring on the surface of the Earth. To show changes that have taken place within the last 20 years or less, image pairs were constructed from the Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) and thematic mapper (TM) sensors. Landsat MSS data provide a historical global record of the land surface from the early 1970's to present. Landsat TM data provide land surface information from the early 1980's to present.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70048800","usgsCitation":"Cross, M.D., 1990, Historical Landsat data comparisons: illustrations of land surface change, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70048800.","productDescription":"37 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278865,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70048800.jpg"},{"id":310360,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70048800/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-90.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527a2186e4b051792d019540","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cross, Matthew D.","contributorId":95378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70200787,"text":"70200787 - 1990 - Investigating climate change by digital analysis of blue-ice extent on satellite images of Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T16:33:45","indexId":"70200787","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T16:31:05","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":794,"text":"Annals of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigating climate change by digital analysis of blue-ice extent on satellite images of Antarctica","docAbstract":"Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and SPOT data collected two years apart from an identical area of Dronning (Queen) Maud Land, Antarctica, have been analyzed to detect variations in surface features that may signal climatic change, and to establish a technique that readily identifies such changes. We found that selective principal component analysis (Chavez and Kwarteng 1989), on band ratios of near-IR/green, highlights changes in blue ice areas. The formation and preservation of blue ice is poorly understood, but we suggest that it generally takes longer to increase a blue ice area than to decrease it, and that blue ice extent is most sensitive to changes in accumulation rate. The investigated blue ice area shows a decrease in extent over the two-year period caused by incursion of snow that probably resulted from an increase in accumulation rate. Comparison of two TM images collected 18 days apart shows that transitory snow drifts have little effect on blue ice extent.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.3189/S0260305500008600","usgsCitation":"Orheim, O., and Lucchitta, B.K., 1990, Investigating climate change by digital analysis of blue-ice extent on satellite images of Antarctica: Annals of Glaciology, v. 14, p. 211-215, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0260305500008600.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"215","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500008600","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":359055,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c112800e4b034bf6a8200c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orheim, Olav","contributorId":210340,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Orheim","given":"Olav","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lucchitta, Baerbel K. blucchitta@usgs.gov","contributorId":3649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Baerbel","email":"blucchitta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":750510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016054,"text":"70016054 - 1990 - An operational earth mapping and monitoring satellite system: a proposal for Landsat 7","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:40","indexId":"70016054","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An operational earth mapping and monitoring satellite system: a proposal for Landsat 7","docAbstract":"The system proposed will monitor the Earth in a systematic and multispectral mode with a resolution of 10 m or better. In addition, it will acquire stereoscopic coverage in a form that permits the automated compilation of topographic data and digital elevation models. Image maps of 1:50 000 or even 1:24 000 scale are expected products, and the topographic data can support contours of 20-m intervals. The system builds on the successful Landsat and SPOT modes of remote sensing. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Colvocoresses, A., 1990, An operational earth mapping and monitoring satellite system: a proposal for Landsat 7: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 56, no. 5, p. 569-571.","startPage":"569","endPage":"571","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eaa3e4b0c8380cd489b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colvocoresses, A. P.","contributorId":82703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colvocoresses","given":"A. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016083,"text":"70016083 - 1990 - An investigation of spectral change as influenced by irrigation and evapotranspiration volume estimation in western Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:26:43","indexId":"70016083","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An investigation of spectral change as influenced by irrigation and evapotranspiration volume estimation in western Nebraska","docAbstract":"Retrospective satellite image data were evaluated for their ability to demonstrate the influence of center-pivot irrigation development in western Nebraska on spectral change and climate-related factors for the region. Periodic images of an albedo index and a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were generated from calibrated Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) data and used to monitor spectral changes associated with irrigation development from 1972 through 1986. The albedo index was not useful for monitoring irrigation development. For the NDVI, it was found that proportions of counties in irrigated agriculture, as discriminated by a threshold, were more highly correlated with reported ground estimates of irrigated agriculture than were county mean greenness values. A similar result was achieved when using coarse resolution Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) image data for estimating irrigated agriculture. The NDVI images were used to evaluate a procedure for making areal estimates of actual evapotranspiration (ET) volumes. Estimates of ET volumes for test counties, using reported ground acreages and corresponding standard crop coefficients, were correlated with the estimates of ET volume using crop coefficients scaled to NDVI values and pixel counts of crop areas. These county estimates were made under the assumption that soil water availability was unlimited. For nonirrigated vegetation, this may result in over-estimation of ET volumes. Ground information regarding crop types and acreages are required to derive the NDVI scaling factor. Potential ET, estimated with the Jensen-Haise model, is common to both methods. These results, achieved with both MSS and AVHRR data, show promise for providing climatologically important land surface information for regional and global climate models. ?? 1990 Kluwer Academic Publishers.","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00138371","issn":"01650009","usgsCitation":"Seevers, P., Sadowski, F., and Lauer, D.T., 1990, An investigation of spectral change as influenced by irrigation and evapotranspiration volume estimation in western Nebraska: Climatic Change, v. 17, no. 2-3, p. 265-285, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138371.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"285","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205297,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00138371"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea91e4b0c8380cd4894a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seevers, P. M.","contributorId":94325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seevers","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sadowski, F.C.","contributorId":40734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sadowski","given":"F.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lauer, D. T.","contributorId":47907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lauer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70039502,"text":"70039502 - 1989 - FOLD, federally owned Landsat data, September 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-11T01:01:51","indexId":"70039502","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-16T11:23:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":358,"text":"FOLD, federally owned Landsat data","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"FOLD, federally owned Landsat data, September 1989","docAbstract":"The FOLD data base lists all Landsat CCT's held by participating agencies. Duplicate CCT listings are maintained when more than one agency holds identical CCT's; this permits the user to select the most convenient site to obtain a copy. Copies of the listing are distributed by EDC to contributing agencies and other selected offices.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, EROS Data Center","publisherLocation":"Sioux Falls, SD","doi":"10.3133/70039502","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1989, FOLD, federally owned Landsat data, September 1989: FOLD, federally owned Landsat data, 293 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039502.","productDescription":"293 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261632,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039502/report.pdf"},{"id":261633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039502/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e7ce4b0c8380cd534a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015395,"text":"70015395 - 1989 - Mapping surface energy balance components by combining landsat thematic mapper and ground-based meteorological data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-17T15:35:03.040595","indexId":"70015395","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping surface energy balance components by combining landsat thematic mapper and ground-based meteorological data","docAbstract":"Surface energy balance components were evaluated by combining satellite-based spectral data with on-site measurements of solar irradiance, air temperature, wind speed, and vapor pressure. Maps of latent heat flux density (λE) and net radiant flux density (Rn) were produced using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data for three dates: 23 July 1985, 5 April 1986, and 24 June 1986. On each date, a Bowen-ratio apparatus, located in a vegetated field, was used to measure λE and Rn at a point within the field. Estimates of λE and Rn were also obtained using radiometers aboard an aircraft flown at 150 m above ground level. The TM-based estimates differed from the Bowen-ratio and aircraft-based estimates by less than 12 % over mature fields of cotton, wheat, and alfalfa, where λE and Rn ranged from 400 to 700 Wm−2.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0034-4257(89)90049-7","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Moran, M.S., Jackson, R.D., Raymond, L., Gay, L.W., and Slater, P., 1989, Mapping surface energy balance components by combining landsat thematic mapper and ground-based meteorological data: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 30, no. 1, p. 77-87, https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(89)90049-7.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"87","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224091,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5077e4b0c8380cd6b6e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moran, M. S.","contributorId":91630,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moran","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, R. D.","contributorId":30758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":370842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Raymond, L.H.","contributorId":23151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raymond","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gay, L. W.","contributorId":53526,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gay","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Slater, P.N.","contributorId":104648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slater","given":"P.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":20355,"text":"ofr89590 - 1989 - Field conditions at the Maricopa Agricultural Center, Pinal County, Arizona, September 28, 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:46","indexId":"ofr89590","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-590","title":"Field conditions at the Maricopa Agricultural Center, Pinal County, Arizona, September 28, 1989","docAbstract":"Field conditions were documented during the Landsat and SPOT satellite overpasses of the Maricopa Agricultural Center, Pinal County, Arizona, on September 28, 1989. Crop types were mapped and photographed for each demonstration farm field, and irrigation, cultivation, and orientation of rows are described. Field and photographic descriptions are presented in tabular and graphic form. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr89590","usgsCitation":"Owen-Joyce, S.J., 1989, Field conditions at the Maricopa Agricultural Center, Pinal County, Arizona, September 28, 1989: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-590, iv, 12 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89590.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0590/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49887,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0590/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e06eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Owen-Joyce, Sandra J. 0000-0002-4400-5618 sjowen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4400-5618","contributorId":5215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen-Joyce","given":"Sandra","email":"sjowen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":182508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}