The primary purpose of this report is to present information relating to flow-adjusted temporal trends in major-ion constituents and properties for 16 sampling sites in the Tongue and Powder River watersheds based on data collected during 1980–2010. In association with this primary purpose, the report presents background information on major-ion characteristics (including specific conductance, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium adsorption ratio, sodium, alkalinity, chloride, fluoride, dissolved sulfate, and dissolved solids) of the sampling sites and coal-bed methane (CBM) produced water (groundwater pumped from coal seams) in the site watersheds, trend analysis methods, streamflow conditions, and factors that affect trend results.
\nThe Tongue and Powder River watersheds overlie the Powder River structural basin (PRB) in northeastern Wyoming and southeastern Montana. Limited extraction of coal-bed methane (CBM) from the PRB began in the early 1990’s, and increased dramatically during the late 1990’s and early 2000’s. CBM-extraction activities produce discharges of water with high concentrations of dissolved solids (particularly sodium and bicarbonate ions) relative to most stream water in the Tongue and Powder River watersheds. Water-quality of CBM produced water is of concern because of potential effects of sodium on agricultural soils and potential effects of bicarbonate on aquatic biota.
\nTwo parametric trend-analysis methods were used in this study: the time-series model (TSM) and ordinary least squares regression (OLS) on time, streamflow, and season. The TSM was used to analyze trends for 11 of the 16 study sites. For five sites, data requirements of the TSM were not met and OLS was used to analyze trends. Two primary 10-year trend-analysis periods were selected. Trend-analysis period 1 (water years 1986–95; hereinafter referred to as period 1) was selected to represent variability in major-ion concentrations in the Tongue and Powder River watersheds before potential effects of CBM-extraction activities. Trend analysis period 2 (water years 2001–10; hereinafter referred to as period 2) was selected because it encompassed substantial CBM-extraction activities and therefore might indicate potential effects of CBM-extraction activities on water quality of receiving streams in the Tongue and Powder River watersheds. For sites that did not satisfy data requirements for the TSM, OLS was used to analyze trends for period 2 (if complete data were available) or a 6-year period (2005–10).
\nFlow-rate characteristics of CBM-produced water were estimated to allow general comparisons with streamflow characteristics of the sampling sites. The information on flow-rate characteristics of CBM-produced water in relation to streamflow does not account for effects of disposal, treatment, or other remediation activities on the potential quantitative effects of CBM-produced water on receiving streams. In many places, CBM-produced water is discharged into impoundments or channels in upper reaches of tributary watersheds where water infiltrates and does not directly contribute to streamflow. For Tongue River at State line (site 4) mean annual pumping rate of CBM-produced water during water years 2001–10 (hereinafter referred to as mean CBM pumping rate) was 6 percent of the mean of annual median streamflows during water years 2001–10 (hereinafter referred to as 2001–10 median streamflow). For main-stem Tongue River sites 5, 7, and 10, mean CBM pumping rate was 8–12 percent of 2001–10 median streamflow. For main-stem Powder River sites (sites 12, 13, and 16), mean CBM pumping rates were 26, 28, and 34 percent of 2001–10 median streamflows, respectively.
\nFor main-stem Tongue River sites analyzed by using the TSM and downstream from substantial CBM-extraction activities [Tongue River at State line (site 4), Tongue River at Tongue River Dam (site 5), Tongue River at Birney Day School (site 7), and Tongue River at Miles City (site 10)], generally small significant or nonsignificant decreases in most constituents are indicated for period 1. For period 2 for these sites, the TSM trend results do not allow confident conclusions concerning detection of effects of CBM-extraction activities on stream water quality. Detection of significant trends in major-ion constituents and properties for period 2 generally was infrequent, and direction, magnitudes, and significance of fitted trends were not strongly consistent with relative differences in water quality between stream water and CBM-produced water. The TSM indicated significant or generally large magnitude increases in median values of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), sodium, and alkalinity for period 2 for sites 5 and 7, which might indicate potential effects of CBM-extraction activities on stream water. However, other factors, including operations of Tongue River Reservoir, irrigation activities, contributions of saline groundwater, and operations of the Decker coal mine, confound confident determination of causes of detected significant trends for sites 5 and 7. For all mainstem Tongue River sites, trends for period 2 generally are within ranges of those for period 1 before substantial CBM-extraction activities.
\nFor main-stem Powder River sites analyzed by using the TSM [Powder River at Sussex (site 11), Powder River at Arvada (site 12), Powder River at Moorhead (site 13), and Powder River near Locate (site 16)], significant or generally large magnitude decreases in median values of SAR, sodium, estimated alkalinity, chloride, fluoride, specific conductance, and dissolved solids are indicated for period 1. Patterns in trend results for period 1 for main-stem Powder River sites are consistent with effects of Salt Creek oil-brine reinjection that started in 1990. Trend results for all main-stem Powder River sites downstream from substantial CBM-extraction activities (sites 12, 13, and 16) indicate evidence of potential effects of CBM-extraction activities on stream water quality, although evidence is stronger for sites 12 and 13 than for site 16. Evidence in support of potential CBM effects includes significant increases in median values of SAR, sodium, and estimated alkalinity for period 2 for sites 12, 13, and 16 that are consistent with relative differences between stream water and CBM-produced water. Significant increases in median values of these constituents for period 2 are not indicated for Powder River at Sussex (site 11) upstream from substantial CBM-extraction activities. In interpreting the trend results, it is notable that the fitted trends evaluate changes in median concentrations and also notable that changes in median concentrations that might be attributed to CBM-extraction activities probably are more strongly evident during low to median streamflow conditions than during mean to high streamflow conditions. This observation is relevant in assessing trend results in relation to specific water-quality concerns, including effects of water-quality changes on irrigators and effects on stream biota and ecology.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135179","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation, Water Management Bureau","usgsCitation":"Sando, S.K., Vecchia, A.V., Barnhart, E.P., Sando, R., Clark, M.L., and Lorenz, D.L., 2014, Trends in major-ion constituents and properties for selected sampling sites in the Tongue and Powder River watersheds, Montana and Wyoming, based on data collected during water years 1980-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5179, x, 123 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135179.","productDescription":"x, 123 p.","numberOfPages":"140","temporalStart":"1979-10-01","temporalEnd":"2010-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-041145","costCenters":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281609,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135179.jpg"},{"id":281606,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5179/"},{"id":281608,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5179/pdf/sir2013-5179.pdf"}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic Projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Montana;Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Powder River;Tongue River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.0,42.9725 ], [ -108.0,47.0 ], [ -104.502,47.0 ], [ -104.502,42.9725 ], [ -108.0,42.9725 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd79a3e4b0b2908510cf3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sando, Steven K. 0000-0003-1206-1030 sksando@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1206-1030","contributorId":1016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sando","given":"Steven","email":"sksando@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":41810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnhart, Elliott P. 0000-0002-8788-8393 epbarnhart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8788-8393","contributorId":5385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhart","given":"Elliott","email":"epbarnhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sando, Roy 0000-0003-0704-6258","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0704-6258","contributorId":3874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sando","given":"Roy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, Melanie L. mlclark@usgs.gov","contributorId":1827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Melanie","email":"mlclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lorenz, David L. 0000-0003-3392-4034 lorenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-4034","contributorId":1384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"David","email":"lorenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70073962,"text":"sir20135191 - 2014 - Simulated and observed 2010 flood-water elevations in selected river reaches in the Moshassuck and Woonasquatucket River Basins, Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-24T16:38:07","indexId":"sir20135191","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-24T16:31:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5191","title":"Simulated and observed 2010 flood-water elevations in selected river reaches in the Moshassuck and Woonasquatucket River Basins, Rhode Island","docAbstract":"Heavy persistent rains from late February through March 2010 caused severe flooding and set, or nearly set, peaks of record for streamflows and water levels at many long-term U.S. Geological Survey streamgages in Rhode Island. In response to this flood, hydraulic models were updated for selected reaches covering about 33 river miles in Moshassuck and Woonasquatucket River Basins from the most recent approved Federal Emergency Management Agency flood insurance study (FIS) to simulate water-surface elevations (WSEs) from specified flows and boundary conditions. Reaches modeled include the main stem of the Moshassuck River and its main tributary, the West River, and three tributaries to the West River—Upper Canada Brook, Lincoln Downs Brook, and East Branch West River; and the main stem of the Woonasquatucket River. All the hydraulic models were updated to Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) version 4.1.0 and incorporate new field-survey data at structures, high-resolution land-surface elevation data, and flood flows from a related study.
\nThe models were used to simulate steady-state WSEs at the 1- and 2-percent annual exceedance probability (AEP) flows, which is the estimated AEP of the 2010 flood in the Moshassuck River Basin and the Woonasquatucket River, respectively. The simulated WSEs were compared to the high-water mark (HWM) elevation data obtained in these basins in a related study following the March–April 2010 flood, which included 18 HWMs along the Moshassuck River and 45 HWMs along the Woonasquatucket River. Differences between the 2010 HWMs and the simulated 2- and 1-percent AEP WSEs from the FISs and the updated models developed in this study varied along the reach. Most differences could be attributed to the magnitude of the 2- and 1-percent AEP flows used in the FIS and updated model flows. Overall, the updated model and the FIS WSEs were not appreciably different when compared to the observed 2010 HWMs along the Woonasquatucket and Moshassuck Rivers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135191","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security-Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Zarriello, P.J., Straub, D.E., and Westenbroek, S.M., 2014, Simulated and observed 2010 flood-water elevations in selected river reaches in the Moshassuck and Woonasquatucket River Basins, Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5191, Report: v, 35 p.; Tables 3 and 4; Appendix 1, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135191.","productDescription":"Report: v, 35 p.; Tables 3 and 4; Appendix 1","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042651","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281550,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135191.jpg"},{"id":281546,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5191/"},{"id":281547,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5191/pdf/sir2013-5191.pdf"},{"id":281548,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5191/tables/sir2013-5191_Tables3and4.xlsx"},{"id":281549,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5191/appendix/sir2013-5191_Appendix1.xls"}],"projection":"Polyconic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"East Branch West River;Lincoln Downs Brook;Moshassuck River Basin;Upper Canada Brook;West River;Woonasquatucket River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.698837,41.7498 ], [ -71.698837,42.022263 ], [ -71.29921,42.022263 ], [ -71.29921,41.7498 ], [ -71.698837,41.7498 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd72c5e4b0b29085108858","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zarriello, Phillip J. 0000-0001-9598-9904 pzarriel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9598-9904","contributorId":1868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zarriello","given":"Phillip","email":"pzarriel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Straub, David E. destraub@usgs.gov","contributorId":1908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Straub","given":"David","email":"destraub@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":489301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Westenbroek, Stephen M. 0000-0002-6284-8643 smwesten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6284-8643","contributorId":2210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westenbroek","given":"Stephen","email":"smwesten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70073955,"text":"sir20135193 - 2014 - Simulated and observed 2010 floodwater elevations in the Pawcatuck and Wood Rivers, Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-24T15:16:45","indexId":"sir20135193","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-24T15:08:39","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5193","title":"Simulated and observed 2010 floodwater elevations in the Pawcatuck and Wood Rivers, Rhode Island","docAbstract":"Heavy, persistent rains from late February through March 2010 caused severe flooding that set, or nearly set, peaks of record for streamflows and water levels at many long-term U.S. Geological Survey streamgages in Rhode Island. In response to this flood, hydraulic models of Pawcatuck River (26.9 miles) and Wood River (11.6 miles) were updated from the most recent approved U.S. Department of Homeland Security-Federal Emergency Management Agency flood insurance study (FIS) to simulate water-surface elevations (WSEs) for specified flows and boundary conditions. The hydraulic models were updated to Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) using steady-state simulations and incorporate new field-survey data at structures, high resolution land-surface elevation data, and updated flood flows from a related study. The models were used to simulate the 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability (AEP) flood, which is the AEP determined for the 2010 flood in the Pawcatuck and Wood Rivers. The simulated WSEs were compared to high-water mark (HWM) elevation data obtained in a related study following the March–April 2010 flood, which included 39 HWMs along the Pawcatuck River and 11 HWMs along the Wood River. The 2010 peak flow generally was larger than the 0.2-percent AEP flow, which, in part, resulted in the FIS and updated model WSEs to be lower than the 2010 HWMs. The 2010 HWMs for the Pawcatuck River averaged about 1.6 feet (ft) higher than the 0.2-percent AEP WSEs simulated in the updated model and 2.5 ft higher than the WSEs in the FIS. The 2010 HWMs for the Wood River averaged about 1.3 ft higher than the WSEs simulated in the updated model and 2.5 ft higher than the WSEs in the FIS. The improved agreement of the updated simulated water elevations to observed 2010 HWMs provides a measure of the hydraulic model performance, which indicates the updated models better represent flooding at other AEPs than the existing FIS models.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135193","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security-Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Zarriello, P.J., Straub, D.E., and Smith, T.E., 2014, Simulated and observed 2010 floodwater elevations in the Pawcatuck and Wood Rivers, Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5193, Report: v, 24 p.; 1 Excel document; 1 Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135193.","productDescription":"Report: v, 24 p.; 1 Excel document; 1 Appendix","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281527,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5193/pdf/sir2013-5193.pdf"},{"id":281526,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5193/"},{"id":281529,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5193/Tables/sir2013-5193_Tables3and4.xlsx"},{"id":281531,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5193/Appendix/sir2013-5193_Appendix1.xls"},{"id":281532,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135193.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Rhode Island State Plane Projection","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Pawcatuck River;Wood River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72,41.16 ], [ -72,41.75 ], [ -71.3,41.75 ], [ -71.3,41.16 ], [ -72,41.16 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd72c6e4b0b2908510885c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zarriello, Phillip J. 0000-0001-9598-9904 pzarriel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9598-9904","contributorId":1868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zarriello","given":"Phillip","email":"pzarriel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Straub, David E. destraub@usgs.gov","contributorId":1908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Straub","given":"David","email":"destraub@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":489278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Thor E. tesmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":3925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Thor","email":"tesmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70073954,"text":"sir20135192 - 2014 - Simulated and observed 2010 floodwater elevations in selected river reaches in the Pawtuxet River Basin, Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-24T15:17:33","indexId":"sir20135192","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-24T15:07:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5192","title":"Simulated and observed 2010 floodwater elevations in selected river reaches in the Pawtuxet River Basin, Rhode Island","docAbstract":"Heavy, persistent rains from late February through March 2010 caused severe flooding that set, or nearly set, peaks of record for streamflows and water levels at many long-term streamgages in Rhode Island. In response to this event, hydraulic models were updated for selected reaches covering about 56 river miles in the Pawtuxet River Basin to simulate water-surface elevations (WSEs) at specified flows and boundary conditions. Reaches modeled included the main stem of the Pawtuxet River, the North and South Branches of the Pawtuxet River, Pocasset River, Simmons Brook, Dry Brook, Meshanticut Brook, Furnace Hill Brook, Flat River, Quidneck Brook, and two unnamed tributaries referred to as South Branch Pawtuxet River Tributary A1 and Tributary A2. All the hydraulic models were updated to Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) version 4.1.0 using steady-state simulations. Updates to the models included incorporation of new field-survey data at structures, high resolution land-surface elevation data, and updated flood flows from a related study.\n\nThe models were assessed using high-water marks (HWMs) obtained in a related study following the March– April 2010 flood and the simulated water levels at the 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability (AEP), which is the estimated AEP of the 2010 flood in the basin. HWMs were obtained at 110 sites along the main stem of the Pawtuxet River, the North and South Branches of the Pawtuxet River, Pocasset River, Simmons Brook, Furnace Hill Brook, Flat River, and Quidneck Brook. Differences between the 2010 HWM elevations and the simulated 0.2-percent AEP WSEs from flood insurance studies (FISs) and the updated models developed in this study varied with most differences attributed to the magnitude of the 0.2-percent AEP flows. WSEs from the updated models generally are in closer agreement with the observed 2010 HWMs than with the FIS WSEs. The improved agreement of the updated simulated water elevations to observed 2010 HWMs provides a measure of the hydraulic model performance, which indicates the updated models better represent flooding at other AEPs than the existing FIS models.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135192","issn":"2328-0328","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security-Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Zarriello, P.J., Olson, S.A., Flynn, R.H., Strauch, K.R., and Murphy, E., 2014, Simulated and observed 2010 floodwater elevations in selected river reaches in the Pawtuxet River Basin, Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5192, Report: vii, 49 p.; Tables 3 and 4; Appendix 1, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135192.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 49 p.; Tables 3 and 4; Appendix 1","numberOfPages":"62","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281528,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5192/"},{"id":281530,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5192/tables/sir2013-5192_tables03-04.xls"},{"id":281534,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5192/appendix/sir2013-5192_apend01.xls"},{"id":281535,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135192.jpg"},{"id":281533,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5192/pdf/sir2013-5192.pdf"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Polyconic Projection","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Pawtuxent River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.75,41.5 ], [ -71.75,42.0 ], [ -71.25,42.0 ], [ -71.25,41.5 ], [ -71.75,41.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd72c5e4b0b2908510885a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zarriello, Phillip J. 0000-0001-9598-9904 pzarriel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9598-9904","contributorId":1868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zarriello","given":"Phillip","email":"pzarriel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olson, Scott A. 0000-0002-1064-2125 solson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1064-2125","contributorId":2059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Scott","email":"solson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flynn, Robert H. rflynn@usgs.gov","contributorId":2137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Robert","email":"rflynn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Strauch, Kellan R. 0000-0002-7218-2099 kstrauch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7218-2099","contributorId":1006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strauch","given":"Kellan","email":"kstrauch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murphy, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":69660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Elizabeth A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70059787,"text":"sir20135239 - 2014 - Linkage of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool and the Texas Water Availability Model to simulate the effects of brush management on monthly storage of Canyon Lake, south-central Texas, 1995-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T13:15:08","indexId":"sir20135239","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-23T16:05:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5239","title":"Linkage of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool and the Texas Water Availability Model to simulate the effects of brush management on monthly storage of Canyon Lake, south-central Texas, 1995-2010","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board, developed and applied an approach to create a linkage between the published upper Guadalupe River Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) brush-management (ashe juniper [Juniperus ashei]) model and the full authorization version Guadalupe River Water Availability Model (WAM). The SWAT model was published by the USGS, and the Guadalupe River WAM is available from the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. The upper Guadalupe River watershed is a substantial component of the Guadalupe River WAM. This report serves in part as documentation of a proof of concept on the feasibility of linking these two water-resources planning models for the purpose of simulating possible increases in water storage in Canyon Lake as a result of different brush-management scenarios.
\nThe SWAT-WAM linkage for the upper Guadalupe River is documented with a principal objective to evaluate the distributional characteristics of the monthly water storage of Canyon Lake during selected drought conditions. Focus is on the relative evaluation of select scenarios of large-scale or “extensive” brush management within the upper Guadalupe River watershed. There are six SWAT simulations for the upper Guadalupe River watershed that include a baseline (0-percent management of treatable ashe juniper, the baseline scenario from a previous study in which no percentage of ashe juniper is numerically replaced with grassland) along with five scenarios (extensions of SWAT simulations from a previous study) of 20-, 40-, 60-, 80-, and 100-percent random (numerical) replacement of treatable ashe juniper with grasslands throughout the upper Guadalupe River watershed in south-central Texas.
\nSWAT is a process-based, semidistributed, water-balance model designed to predict the effects of landscape management decisions on water yields. A watershed is subdivided into subbasins, and each subbasin is associated with a single reach on the stream network. In general a WAM, such as the Guadalupe River WAM, provides analysis of generalized water rights in a river and reservoir framework. A WAM accommodates hydrology and water usage through several input files containing water rights, watershed parameters, and naturalized streamflow time series. A WAM is generalized for application to rivers and reservoir systems, and input datasets are uniquely developed for a river basin of concern.
\nThe extractions of SWAT output for the five extensive brush-management and baseline scenarios were offset by –21 years and, in general, the results were then mapped to the WAM input-flow file. The offset of –21 years was chosen arbitrarily for technical reasons and means that the period of monthly record 1995–2010 of the upper Guadalupe River SWAT became the synthetic period of monthly record 1974–89, hereinafter 1974–89 (synthetic) period, of the Guadalupe River WAM.
\nThe relative (between scenario to baseline) effects of extensive brush-management scenarios by using the SWAT-WAM linkage were evaluated, and two critical intermediate results were total inflow to Canyon Lake from 1995 to 2010 and the monthly storage of Canyon Lake from 1974 to 1989 (synthetic). The first quartile or lower 25th percentile of monthly storage of Canyon Lake for the baseline scenario is 381,000 acre-feet (acre-ft) for the hereinafter 1974–89 (synthetic) period. This lower quartile was chosen for analysis for two critical purposes. First, Canyon Lake is managed with a conservation pool of about 386,200 acre-ft capacity (as recognized by the WAM) and is at or near conservation capacity about 50 percent or more of the time; further, there is intrinsic data censoring that occurs for the monthly storage distribution because Canyon Lake is at or near conservation pool elevation the majority of the time. This intrinsic censoring has the effect of creating a bounded distribution with a left or low-volume tail. Statistical assessment of the brush-management scenarios beginning with the 381,000 acre-ft censoring threshold provides readily interpretable results. Second, the quantification of brush management during periods lacking abundant rainfall, which were defined in this study as months for which Canyon Lake storage was below the 25th percentile for the simulation period, are of substantial interest to water-resource managers and stakeholders in the context of water-supply enhancement.
\nA statistical assessment of the SWAT-WAM linkage for the low-volume tail of the distribution of monthly storage of Canyon Lake is the focus of analysis and interpretation. Drought periods for the analysis are defined as the months (consecutive or not) during which Canyon Lake is below the 25th percentile of storage (381,000 acre-ft) for the baseline scenario. Such months are referred to as being within the “Drought Quartile.” The Drought Quartile is a conceptual and heuristically determined waypoint for the analysis and is not related to any administrative definition of drought by stakeholders or policy makers.
\nThe five scenarios and the baseline scenario simulated in the upper Guadalupe River SWAT were all passed through the Guadalupe River WAM by the SWAT-WAM linkage described in this report. A comparison of the mean increase per month in reservoir storage for Canyon Lake conditioned for the Drought Quartile was made. For each of the five brush-management and baseline scenarios, the months with storage below 381,000 acre-ft were extracted. The mean monthly storages during the Drought Quartile were computed for each of the five scenarios and the baseline scenario. The mean of the baseline scenario was 376,458 acre-ft and subsequently was subtracted from the mean monthly storage during the Drought Quartile for each of the five scenarios.
\nThe mean monthly offset storages of Canyon Lake during the Drought Quartile were 110 acre-ft (20 percent); 448 acre-ft (40 percent); 754 acre-ft (60 percent); 1,080 acre-ft (80 percent); and 1,090 acre-ft (100 percent). A particular mean was interpreted as follows: the value of 754 acre-ft for the 60-percent brush-management scenario implies that, on average, this scenario indicates an additional 754 acre-ft per month of storage in Canyon Lake relative to the baseline during the Drought Quartile. All of the five scenarios resulted in an increase on average to water supply relative to the baseline scenario during the Drought Quartile through the SWAT-WAM linkage.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135239","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board","usgsCitation":"Asquith, W.H., and Bumgarner, J.R., 2014, Linkage of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool and the Texas Water Availability Model to simulate the effects of brush management on monthly storage of Canyon Lake, south-central Texas, 1995-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5239, Report: v, 25 p.; Appendixes 1-3, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135239.","productDescription":"Report: v, 25 p.; Appendixes 1-3","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1995-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-052867","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281446,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135239.jpg"},{"id":281444,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5239/"},{"id":281445,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5239/pdf/sir2013-5239.pdf"}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Canyon Lake, Guadalupe River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.0635,28.118 ], [ -100.0635,31.0012 ], [ -95.614,31.0012 ], [ -95.614,28.118 ], [ -100.0635,28.118 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd64b3e4b0b290850ff9ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asquith, William H. 0000-0002-7400-1861 wasquith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-1861","contributorId":1007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"William","email":"wasquith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bumgarner, Johnathan R. jbumgarner@usgs.gov","contributorId":5378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bumgarner","given":"Johnathan","email":"jbumgarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":487825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70058469,"text":"ofr20131283 - 2014 - Hydrologic monitoring of a landslide-prone hillslope in the Elliott State Forest, Southern Coast Range, Oregon, 2009-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-23T08:58:11","indexId":"ofr20131283","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-22T14:47:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1283","title":"Hydrologic monitoring of a landslide-prone hillslope in the Elliott State Forest, Southern Coast Range, Oregon, 2009-2012","docAbstract":"The Oregon Coast Range is dissected by numerous unchanneled headwater basins, which can \ngenerate shallow landslides and debris flows during heavy or prolonged rainfall. An automated \nmonitoring system was installed in an unchanneled headwater basin to measure rainfall, volumetric \nwater content, groundwater temperature, and pore pressures at 15-minute intervals. The purpose of this \nreport is to describe and present the methods used for the monitoring as well as the preliminary data \ncollected during the period from 2009 to 2012. Observations show a pronounced seasonal variation in \nvolumetric water content and pore pressures. Increases in pore pressures and volumetric water content \nfrom dry-season values begin with the onset of the rainy season in the fall (typically early to mid \nOctober). High water contents and pore pressures tend to persist throughout the rainy season, which \ntypically ends in May. Heavy or prolonged rainfall during the wet season that falls on already moist \nsoils often generates positive pore pressures that are observed in the deeper instruments. These data \nprovide a record of the basin’s hydrologic response to rainfall and provide a foundation for \nunderstanding the conditions that lead to landslide and debris-flow occurrence.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131283","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Oregon Department of Forestry, Elliott State Forest; Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries; and Colorado School of Mines","usgsCitation":"Smith, J.B., Godt, J.W., Baum, R.L., Coe, J.A., Burns, W.J., Morse, M., Sener-Kaya, B., and Kaya, M., 2014, Hydrologic monitoring of a landslide-prone hillslope in the Elliott State Forest, Southern Coast Range, Oregon, 2009-2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1283, v, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131283.","productDescription":"v, 61 p.","numberOfPages":"66","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049379","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281397,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131283.jpg"},{"id":281395,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1283/pdf/of13-1283.pdf"},{"id":281396,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1283/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Elliott State Forest;Southern Coast Range","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.3079,42.1982 ], [ -124.3079,43.7067 ], [ -123.4657,43.7067 ], [ -123.4657,42.1982 ], [ -124.3079,42.1982 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6191e4b0b290850fd9b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Joel B. 0000-0001-7219-7875 jbsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7219-7875","contributorId":4925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Joel","email":"jbsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baum, Rex L. 0000-0001-5337-1970 baum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1970","contributorId":1288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"Rex","email":"baum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coe, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-0842-9608 jcoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-9608","contributorId":1333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jcoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burns, William J.","contributorId":50078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Morse, Michael M.","contributorId":11115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morse","given":"Michael M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sener-Kaya, Basak","contributorId":84267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sener-Kaya","given":"Basak","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kaya, Murat","contributorId":103576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaya","given":"Murat","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70071871,"text":"70071871 - 2014 - Regression models of discharge and mean velocity associated with near-median streamflow conditions in Texas: utility of the U.S. Geological Survey discharge measurement database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-14T14:16:00","indexId":"70071871","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-14T14:04:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2341,"text":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regression models of discharge and mean velocity associated with near-median streamflow conditions in Texas: utility of the U.S. Geological Survey discharge measurement database","docAbstract":"A database containing more than 16,300 discharge values and ancillary hydraulic attributes was assembled from summaries of discharge measurement records for 391 USGS streamflow-gauging stations (streamgauges) in Texas. Each discharge is between the 40th- and 60th-percentile daily mean streamflow as determined by period-of-record, streamgauge-specific, flow-duration curves. Each discharge therefore is assumed to represent a discharge measurement made for near-median streamflow conditions, and such conditions are conceptualized as representative of midrange to baseflow conditions in much of the state. The hydraulic attributes of each discharge measurement included concomitant cross-section flow area, water-surface top width, and reported mean velocity. Two regression equations are presented: (1) an expression for discharge and (2) an expression for mean velocity, both as functions of selected hydraulic attributes and watershed characteristics. Specifically, the discharge equation uses cross-sectional area, water-surface top width, contributing drainage area of the watershed, and mean annual precipitation of the location; the equation has an adjusted R-squared of approximately 0.95 and residual standard error of approximately 0.23 base-10 logarithm (cubic meters per second). The mean velocity equation uses discharge, water-surface top width, contributing drainage area, and mean annual precipitation; the equation has an adjusted R-squared of approximately 0.50 and residual standard error of approximately 0.087 third root (meters per second). Residual plots from both equations indicate that reliable estimates of discharge and mean velocity at ungauged stream sites are possible. Further, the relation between contributing drainage area and main-channel slope (a measure of whole-watershed slope) is depicted to aid analyst judgment of equation applicability for ungauged sites. Example applications and computations are provided and discussed within a real-world, discharge-measurement scenario, and an illustration of the development of a preliminary stage-discharge relation using the discharge equation is given.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000715","usgsCitation":"Asquith, W.H., 2014, Regression models of discharge and mean velocity associated with near-median streamflow conditions in Texas: utility of the U.S. Geological Survey discharge measurement database: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, v. 19, no. 1, p. 108-122, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000715.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"108","endPage":"122","ipdsId":"IP-040546","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":281036,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281034,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000715"},{"id":281035,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%29HE.1943-5584.0000715"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -102.69,28.17 ], [ -102.69,36.50 ], [ -93.52,36.50 ], [ -93.52,28.17 ], [ -102.69,28.17 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52d65d7ae4b0b566e996b35f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asquith, William H. 0000-0002-7400-1861 wasquith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-1861","contributorId":1007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"William","email":"wasquith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70048919,"text":"sim3219 - 2014 - Sedimentation survey of Lago Loíza, Trujillo Alto, Puerto Rico, July 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-13T09:20:25","indexId":"sim3219","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-13T09:05:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3219","title":"Sedimentation survey of Lago Loíza, Trujillo Alto, Puerto Rico, July 2009","docAbstract":"Lago Loíza is a reservoir formed at the confluence of Río Gurabo and Río Grande de Loíza in the municipality of Trujillo Alto in central Puerto Rico, about 10 kilometers (km) north of the town of Caguas, about 9 km northwest of Gurabo, and about 3 km south of Trujillo Alto (fig. 1). The Carraizo Dam is owned and operated by the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority (PRASA), and was constructed in 1953 as a water-supply reservoir for the San Juan Metropolitan area. The dam is a concrete gravity structure that is located in a shallow valley and has a gently sloping left abutment and steep right abutment. Non-overflow sections flank the spillway section. Waterways include an intake structure for the pumping station and power plant, sluiceways, a trash sluice, and a spillway.\n\nThe reservoir was built to provide a storage capacity of 26.8 million cubic meters (Mm3) of water at the maximum pool elevation of 41.14 meters (m) above mean sea level (msl) for the Sergio Cuevas Filtration Plant that serves the San Juan metropolitan area. The reservoir has a drainage area of 538 square kilometers (km2) and receives an annual mean rainfall that ranges from 1,600 to 5,000 millimeters per year (mm/yr). The principal streams that drain into Lago Loíza are the Río Grande de Loíza, Río Gurabo, and Río Cañas. Two other rivers, the Río Bairoa and Río Cagüitas, discharge into the Río Grande de Loíza just before it enters the reservoir. The combined mean annual runoff of the Río Grande de Loíza and the Río Gurabo for the 1960–2009 period of record is 323 Mm3. Flow from these streams constitutes about 89 percent of the total mean annual inflow of 364 Mm3 to the reservoir (U.S. Geological Survey, 2009). Detailed information about Lago Loíza reservoir structures, historical sediment accumulation, and a dredge conducted in 1999 are available in Soler-López and Gómez-Gómez (2005).\n\nDuring July 8–15, 2009, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Caribbean Water Science Center (CWSC), in cooperation with PRASA, conducted a bathymetric survey of Lago Loíza to update the reservoir storage capacity and estimate the reservoir sedimentation rate by comparing the 2009 data with the previous 2004 bathymetric survey data. The purpose of this report is to document the methods used to update and present the results of the reservoir storage capacity, sedimentation rates, and areas of substantial sediment accumulation since 2004.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3219","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority","usgsCitation":"Soler-Lopez, L.R., and Licha-Soler, N., 2014, Sedimentation survey of Lago Loíza, Trujillo Alto, Puerto Rico, July 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3219, 30.14 inches x 31.62 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3219.","productDescription":"30.14 inches x 31.62 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-023006","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280832,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3219.jpg"},{"id":280830,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3219/"},{"id":280831,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3219/pdf/SIM3219.pdf"}],"projection":"Lambert conformal conic","datum":"Puerto Rico datum, 1940 adjustment","country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -66.041667,18.266667 ], [ -66.041667,18.325000 ], [ -66.000000,18.325000 ], [ -66.000000,18.266667 ], [ -66.041667,18.266667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52d50bd0e4b0f19e63d9b38d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soler-Lopez, Luis R.","contributorId":27501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soler-Lopez","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Licha-Soler, N.A.","contributorId":60945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Licha-Soler","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70066281,"text":"70066281 - 2014 - Recurring slope lineae in equatorial regions of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-01T15:27:18","indexId":"70066281","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-07T16:39:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recurring slope lineae in equatorial regions of Mars","docAbstract":"The presence of liquid water is a requirement of habitability on a planet. Possible indicators of liquid surface water on Mars include intermittent flow-like features observed on sloping terrains. These recurring slope lineae are narrow, dark markings on steep slopes that appear and incrementally lengthen during warm seasons on low-albedo surfaces. The lineae fade in cooler seasons and recur over multiple Mars years. Recurring slope lineae were initially reported to appear and lengthen at mid-latitudes in the late southern spring and summer and are more common on equator-facing slopes where and when the peak surface temperatures are higher. Here we report extensive activity of recurring slope lineae in equatorial regions of Mars, particularly in the deep canyons of Valles Marineris, from analysis of data acquired by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. We observe the lineae to be most active in seasons when the slopes often face the sun. Expected peak temperatures suggest that activity may not depend solely on temperature. Although the origin of the recurring slope lineae remains an open question, our observations are consistent with intermittent flow of briny water. Such an origin suggests surprisingly abundant liquid water in some near-surface equatorial regions of Mars.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/ngeo2014","usgsCitation":"McEwen, A.S., Dundas, C.M., Mattson, S.S., Toigo, A.D., Ojha, L., Wray, J.J., Chojnacki, M., Byrne, S., Murchie, S., and Thomas, N., 2014, Recurring slope lineae in equatorial regions of Mars: Nature Geoscience, v. 7, p. 53-58, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2014.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"6","ipdsId":"IP-049887","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280686,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280685,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2014"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52cd21ffe4b0c3f95143ed10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McEwen, Alfred S.","contributorId":61657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":487975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dundas, Colin M. 0000-0003-2343-7224 cdundas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-7224","contributorId":2937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dundas","given":"Colin","email":"cdundas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mattson, Sarah S.","contributorId":74235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattson","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Toigo, Anthony D.","contributorId":104393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toigo","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ojha, Lujendra","contributorId":64933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ojha","given":"Lujendra","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wray, James J.","contributorId":81736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wray","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7032,"text":"School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":487978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chojnacki, Matthew","contributorId":96576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chojnacki","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Byrne, Shane","contributorId":53513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byrne","given":"Shane","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":487974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Murchie, Scott L.","contributorId":22615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murchie","given":"Scott L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Thomas, Nicolas","contributorId":90580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Nicolas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70100634,"text":"70100634 - 2014 - Uncertainty and extreme events in future climate and hydrologic projections for the Pacific Northwest: providing a basis for vulnerability and core/corridor assessments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-27T10:52:40","indexId":"70100634","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T15:17:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"Uncertainty and extreme events in future climate and hydrologic projections for the Pacific Northwest: providing a basis for vulnerability and core/corridor assessments","docAbstract":"The purpose of this project was to (1) provide an internally-consistent set of downscaled projections across the Western U.S., (2) include information about projection uncertainty, and (3) assess projected changes of hydrologic extremes. These objectives were designed to address decision support needs for climate adaptation and resource management actions. Specifically, understanding of uncertainty in climate projections – in particular for extreme events – is currently a key scientific and management barrier to adaptation planning and vulnerability assessment.
The new dataset fills in the Northwest domain to cover a key gap in the previous dataset, adds additional projections (both from other global climate models and a comparison with dynamical downscaling) and includes an assessment of changes to flow and soil moisture extremes. This new information can be used to assess variations in impacts across the landscape, uncertainty in projections, and how these differ as a function of region, variable, and time period.
In this project, existing University of Washington Climate Impacts Group (UW CIG) products were extended to develop a comprehensive data archive that accounts (in a reigorous and physically based way) for climate model uncertainty in future climate and hydrologic scenarios. These products can be used to determine likely impacts on vegetation and aquatic habitat in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) region, including WA, OR, ID, northwest MT to the continental divide, northern CA, NV, UT, and the Columbia Basin portion of western WY New data series and summaries produced for this project include: 1) extreme statistics for surface hydrology (e.g. frequency of soil moisture and summer water deficit) and streamflow (e.g. the 100-year flood, extreme 7-day low flows with a 10-year recurrence interval); 2) snowpack vulnerability as indicated by the ratio of April 1 snow water to cool-season precipitation; and, 3) uncertainty analyses for multiple climate scenarios.
","language":"English","publisher":"Climate Impacts Group","publisherLocation":"Seattle, WA","usgsCitation":"Littell, J.S., Mauger, G., Salathe, E.P., Hamlet, A.F., Lee, S., Stumbaugh, M.R., Elsner, M., Norheim, R., Lutz, E.R., and Mantua, N.J., 2014, Uncertainty and extreme events in future climate and hydrologic projections for the Pacific Northwest: providing a basis for vulnerability and core/corridor assessments, 19 p.","productDescription":"19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-054776","costCenters":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287631,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287630,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cses.washington.edu/db/pubs/abstract825.shtml"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.79,31.27 ], [ -124.79,49.0 ], [ -104.08,49.0 ], [ -104.08,31.27 ], [ -124.79,31.27 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5385b405e4b09e18fc023ac5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Littell, Jeremy S.","contributorId":54506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Littell","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mauger, Guillaume S.","contributorId":11954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mauger","given":"Guillaume S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Salathe, Eric P.","contributorId":85887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salathe","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hamlet, Alan F.","contributorId":15529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamlet","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lee, Se-Yeun","contributorId":76657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Se-Yeun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stumbaugh, Matt R.","contributorId":17916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumbaugh","given":"Matt","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Elsner, Marketa","contributorId":55344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elsner","given":"Marketa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Norheim, Robert","contributorId":75446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norheim","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lutz, Eric R.","contributorId":57775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutz","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mantua, Nathan J.","contributorId":83429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mantua","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70128306,"text":"70128306 - 2014 - 2011 Summary: Coastal wetland restoration research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T10:36:08","indexId":"70128306","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"2011 Summary: Coastal wetland restoration research","docAbstract":"The Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) projects currently taking place in Great Lakes coastal wetlands provide a unique opportunity to study ecosystem response to management actions as practitioners strive to improve wetland function and increase ecosystem services. Through a partnership between the U.S. Geological Survey – Great Lakes Science Center (GLSC), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), and Ducks Unlimited, a GLRI-funded project has reestablished the hydrologic connection between an intensively managed impounded wetland (Pool 2B) and Crane Creek, a small Lake Erie tributary, by building a water-control structure that was opened in the spring of 2011. The study site is located within the USFWS Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge (ONWR) and lies within the boundaries of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-designated Maumee River Area of Concern. The broad objective of the project is to evaluate how hydrologically reconnecting a previously diked wetland impacts fish, mollusks, and other biota and affects nutrient transport, nutrient cycling, water quality, flood storage, and many other abiotic conditions. The results from this project suggest large system-wide benefits from sustainable reestablishment of lake-driven hydrology in this and other similar systems.
We comprehensively sampled water chemistry, fish, birds, plants, and invertebrates in Crane Creek coastal wetlands, Pool 2A (a reference diked wetland), and Pool 2B (the reconnected wetland) in 2010 and 2011 to:
1) Characterize spatial and seasonal patterns for these parameters.
2) Examine ecosystem response to the opening of a water-control structure that allows fish passage
Our sampling efforts have yielded data that reveal striking changes in water quality, hydrology, and fish assemblages in our experimental unit (2B). Prior to the reconnection, the water chemistry in pools 2A and 2B were very similar. Afterwards, we found that the water chemistry in reconnected Pool 2B was more similar to Crane Creek (e.g., greater turbidity, higher concentration of nitrogen). Sites closest to the structure showed the most creek influence with that influence decreasing with distance from the structure, suggesting that input water from Crane Creek is not mixing fully with the pool water. We also found that water level fluctuations were much greater in the reconnected wetland due to the influence of seiches in Lake Erie. We measured the nutrient concentrations of water flowing into and out of Pool 2B during seiche events and found that the phosphorous and nitrogen concentrations generally were drastically reduced after pulsing through the reconnected wetland. Fish response to the reconnection was equally striking. High-resolution sonar revealed extensive bidirectional movement of fish through the structure on a daily and seasonal basis. There also were significant increases in both the catch per unit effort (CPUE) and the species richness of all sites in Pool 2B from 2010 to 2011. Reconnecting the diked pool to the larger Crane Creek wetland complex, and therefore Lake Erie, has opened up rich new habitat for many fish species. Thirteen species of fish not previously found in the pool entered through the structure and actively used the reconnected wetland. We also found that the wetland functions as a productive spawning ground and nursery area with notable shifts in the predominant age-class of several species of fish, especially northern pike. We observed no negative effects of reconnection on the avian or vegetative communities. All sites within the connected pool had increases in diversity and abundance in the avian community and decreases in the species richness and Floristic Quality Assessment Index values for vegetative communities. After one year of study, data suggest that maintaining a hydrologic connection between diked and coastal wetlands in Lake Erie allows fishes to use vegetated habitats regularly, reduces the concentration of nutrients in coastal waters, and maintains productive habitats for birds and other biota. It will be important to continue to monitor the status of the reconnected wetland to determine the effect of long-term connection to Crane Creek and Lake Erie. If conditions degrade, periodic management actions involving hydrologic isolation of the rehabilitated coastal wetland could be used to mimic intermediate levels of disturbance and maintain wetland vegetation.
","publisher":"Great Lakes Science Center","usgsCitation":"Kowalski, K., Wiley, M., Wilcox, D.A., Carlson Mazur, M.L., Czayka, A., Dominguez, A., Doty, S., Eggleston, M., Green, S., and Sweetman, A., 2014, 2011 Summary: Coastal wetland restoration research, 65 p.","productDescription":"65 p.","ipdsId":"IP-040652","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340239,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295008,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Ottawa/what_we_do/resource_management.html"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59006065e4b0e85db3a5ddf1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kowalski, Kurt P. 0000-0002-8424-4701 kkowalski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8424-4701","contributorId":3768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kowalski","given":"Kurt P.","email":"kkowalski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiley, Michael J.","contributorId":73942,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiley","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[{"id":6649,"text":"University of Michigan, School of Natural Resources and Environment","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":692726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilcox, Douglas A.","contributorId":36880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carlson Mazur, Martha L.","contributorId":95377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson Mazur","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":692728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Czayka, Alex","contributorId":191324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Czayka","given":"Alex","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dominguez, Andrea","contributorId":191325,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dominguez","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Doty, Susan","contributorId":191326,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doty","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Eggleston, Mike","contributorId":191327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eggleston","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Green, Sean","contributorId":191328,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Green","given":"Sean","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sweetman, Amanda","contributorId":191329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sweetman","given":"Amanda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70192007,"text":"70192007 - 2014 - Restoration of Rio Grande cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis to the Mescalero Apache Reservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-26T11:24:10","indexId":"70192007","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5373,"text":"Cooperator Science Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"FWS/CSS-111-2014","title":"Restoration of Rio Grande cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis to the Mescalero Apache Reservation","docAbstract":"Rio Grande Cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis (RGCT) represents the most southern subspecies of cutthroat trout, endemic to Rio Grande, Canadian, and Pecos basins of New Mexico and southern Colorado. The subspecies currently occupies less than 12% of its historic range. The Mescalero Apache Tribe has partnered with U.S. Geological Survey-New Mexico Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, New Mexico State University, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and New Mexico Department of Game and Fish to meet mutually shared goals of restoring and maintaining a Pecos strain of RGCT to Tribal lands. The goal of this project was to assess the suitability of the Rio Ruidoso within the Mescalero Apache Reservation to support a self-sustaining RGCT population by conducting a systematic and comprehensive survey. We conducted three surveys (fall 2010, spring 2011 and 2012) to characterize water quality, macroinvertebrate assemblages, fish communities, and physical habitat (stream size, channel gradient, channel substrate, habitat complexity, riparian vegetation cover and structure, migration barriers to movement).
Seven-100 m reaches throughout three major tributaries of the Rio Ruidoso within the Tribal lands were sampled during baseflow conditions October 2010, May 2011, and June 2012. Despite the onset of severe drought in 2011, water quality, physical habitat, and fish populations revealed that the Rio Ruidoso and its three tributaries would most likely support a self-sustaining RGCT population. Pools were abundant (mean, 8.9 pools/100 m), instream woody debris was present (range, 3.8-45.6 pieces/100 m), and instream dataloggers revealed daily maximum stream temperatures rarely exceeded criteria established in New Mexico for coldwater fishes, however, presence of frazil and anchor ice may limit fish distribution in the winter. Aquatic macroinvertebrate samples revealed a community of benthic invertebrates reflective of high quality cool to cold water. Overall densities of brown trout, rainbow trout and brook trout were high (overall mean, 0.23 fish/m2) and in relatively good condition (range of mean relative weight, 84-117).
Should the Mescalero Apache Tribe decide to introduce RGCT, prior to chemical treatment, a barrier placed below the confluence of Middle and South forks of the Rio Ruidoso would create approximately 12 km of perennial flow and help protect against invasion of non-native fishes. The North Fork of the Rio Ruidoso is not a good candidate for reintroduction because of easy access by the public to reintroduce non-native fishes into the watershed. Lastly, an annual, long-term monitoring program of RGCT would help document that there was no subsequent incursion of non-native fishes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Kalb, B.W., and Caldwell, C.A., 2014, Restoration of Rio Grande cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis to the Mescalero Apache Reservation: Cooperator Science Series FWS/CSS-111-2014, 62 p.","productDescription":"62 p.","ipdsId":"IP-055912","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350654,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350653,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://digitalmedia.fws.gov/cdm/ref/collection/document/id/2070"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6c4c98e4b06e28e9cabb18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalb, Bradley W.","contributorId":201490,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kalb","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caldwell, Colleen A. 0000-0002-4730-4867 ccaldwel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4730-4867","contributorId":3050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Colleen","email":"ccaldwel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70191985,"text":"70191985 - 2014 - Preliminary testing of flow-ecology hypotheses developed for the GCP LCC region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T14:21:46","indexId":"70191985","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5373,"text":"Cooperator Science Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"FWS/CSS-108-2014","title":"Preliminary testing of flow-ecology hypotheses developed for the GCP LCC region","docAbstract":"The Ecological Limits of Hydrological Alteration (ELOHA) framework calls for the development of flow-ecology hypotheses to support protection of the flow regime from ecologically harmful alteration due to human activities. As part of a larger instream flow project for the Gulf Coast Prairie Landscape Conservation Cooperative (GCP LCC), regional flow-ecology hypotheses were developed for fish, mussels, birds, and riparian vegetation (Davis and Brewer 20141
). The objective of this study was to assess the usefulness of existing ecological and hydrological data to test these hypotheses or others that may be developed in the future. Several databases related to biological collections and hydrologic data from Oklahoma, Texas, and Louisiana were compiled. State fish-community data from Oklahoma and Louisiana were summarized and paired with existing USGS gage data having at least a 40-year period of record that could be separated into reference and current conditions for comparison. The objective of this study was not to conduct exhaustive analyses of these data, the hypotheses, or analyses interpretation, but rather to use these data to determine if existing data were adequate to statistically test the regional flow-ecology hypotheses. The regional flow-ecology hypotheses were developed for the GCP LCC by a committee chaired by Shannon Brewer and Mary Davis (Davis and Brewer 2014). Existing data were useful for informing the hypotheses and suggest support for some hypotheses, but also highlight the need for additional testing and development as some results contradicted hypotheses. Results presented here suggest existing data are adequate to support some flow-ecology hypotheses; however, lack of sampling effort reported with the fish collections and the need for ecoregion-specific analyses suggest more data would be beneficial to analyses in some ecoregions. Additional fish sampling data from Texas and Louisiana will be available for future analyses and may ameliorate some of the data concerns and improve hypothesis interpretation. If the regional hydrologic model currently under development by the U.S. Geological Survey for the South-Central Climate Science Center is improved to produce daily hydrographs, it will enable use of fish data at ungaged locations. In future efforts, exhaustive analyses using these data, in addition to the development of more complex multivariate hypotheses, would be beneficial to understanding data gaps, particularly as relevant to species of conservation concern.
The Poudre River Ecological Response Model (ERM) is a collaborative effort initiated by the City of Fort Collins and a team of nine river scientists to provide the City with a tool to improve its understanding of the past, present, and likely future conditions of the Cache la Poudre River ecosystem. The overall ecosystem condition is described through the measurement of key ecological indicators such as shape and character of the stream channel and banks, streamside plant communities and floodplain wetlands, aquatic vegetation and insects, and fishes, both coolwater trout and warmwater native species. The 13- mile-long study area of the Poudre River flows through Fort Collins, Colorado, and is located in an ecological transition zone between the upstream, cold-water, steep-gradient system in the Front Range of the Southern Rocky Mountains and the downstream, warm-water, low-gradient reach in the Colorado high plains.
\nThe City wanted to better understand the ecological response of the Poudre River ecosystem to potential changes in stream flow and other physical parameters through the conceptual framework of a multivariable integrated model. This goal was met through the use of a probabilistic model based on Bayesian concepts. This construct allowed the integration of a wide range of data and expert opinion (as informed by local data) to predict potential changes to ecosystem conditions under various flow scenarios. Nine flow scenarios representing past, present, and possible future hydrology were developed as the primary model input. Both reach-scale drivers such as stream channel conditions and pollutant loads, as well as ecological conditions, including species composition, interactions, and habitat requirements influenced model-predicted ecosystem outcomes. Model output consisted of probability distributions for eight ecological indicators collectively representing the physical setting, aquatic life, and riparian habitats of the river ecosystem.
\nWe are confident in model predictions related to probable trends, relative magnitude of changes and potential ecosystem responses to changing flow conditions, though data availability and the process of converting diverse data types into a common unit (probabilities) limit precision of individual results. Key findings suggest that:
\nEnvironmental flows that combine stable and adequate flows in base-flow periods with occasional rejuvenating high flows that meet target levels defined in this study are likely improve all biological indicators across the system. ERM test scenarios that include both stable base flows and rejuvenating high flows indicate that substantial improvements in the river ecosystem can be achieved with improved management of flow volumes similar to those observed in the river during the last half century of intensive water development. These results underscore the possibility of improving the river ecosystem through active management while still maintaining the Poudre’s diverse economic benefits and role as a working river.
\nThe ERM was designed to represent the multi-dimensional ecological character of the contemporary urban Poudre River. It provides a scientific foundation that can serve as a decision support tool and foster a more informed community discussion about the future of the river as it provides a better understanding of the likely response of the Poudre River ecosystem to environmental flow management and other stewardship activities. In particular, model results can assist managers in developing specific management actions to achieve desirable goals for key indicators of river health.
","language":"English","publisher":"City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Department","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Shanahan, J., Baker, D., Bledsoe, B.P., Poff, L., Merritt, D.M., Bestgen, K.R., Auble, G.T., Kondratieff, B.C., Stokes, J., Lorie, M., and Sanderson, J., 2014, An ecological response model for the Cache la Poudre River through Fort Collins, xv, 95 p.","productDescription":"xv, 95 p.","numberOfPages":"112","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056554","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325403,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":298735,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fcgov.com/naturalareas/eco-response.php"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Cache la Poudre River Watershed, Poudre River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.15426635742188,\n 40.49395938772784\n ],\n [\n -105.15426635742188,\n 40.63896734381723\n ],\n [\n -104.9798583984375,\n 40.63896734381723\n ],\n [\n -104.9798583984375,\n 40.49395938772784\n ],\n [\n -105.15426635742188,\n 40.49395938772784\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578dfdaee4b0f1bea0e0f816","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shanahan, Jennifer","contributorId":172960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shanahan","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, Daniel","contributorId":172961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bledsoe, Brian P.","contributorId":140605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bledsoe","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":13538,"text":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poff, LeRoy","contributorId":172962,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poff","given":"LeRoy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Merritt, David M.","contributorId":95976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merritt","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bestgen, Kevin R. 0000-0001-8691-2227","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8691-2227","contributorId":171573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bestgen","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kondratieff, Boris C.","contributorId":24868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kondratieff","given":"Boris","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":17860,"text":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stokes, John","contributorId":172963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stokes","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lorie, Mark","contributorId":172964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lorie","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sanderson, John","contributorId":172965,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanderson","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70059149,"text":"70059149 - 2014 - Improving groundwater predictions utilizing seasonal precipitation forecasts from general circulation models forced with sea surface temperature forecasts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-19T09:49:32","indexId":"70059149","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-01T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2341,"text":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving groundwater predictions utilizing seasonal precipitation forecasts from general circulation models forced with sea surface temperature forecasts","docAbstract":"Recent studies have found a significant association between climatic variability and basin hydroclimatology, particularly groundwater levels, over the southeast United States. The research reported in this paper evaluates the potential in developing 6-month-ahead groundwater-level forecasts based on the precipitation forecasts from ECHAM 4.5 General Circulation Model Forced with Sea Surface Temperature forecasts. Ten groundwater wells and nine streamgauges from the USGS Groundwater Climate Response Network and Hydro-Climatic Data Network were selected to represent groundwater and surface water flows, respectively, having minimal anthropogenic influences within the Flint River Basin in Georgia, United States. The writers employ two low-dimensional models [principle component regression (PCR) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA)] for predicting groundwater and streamflow at both seasonal and monthly timescales. Three modeling schemes are considered at the beginning of January to predict winter (January, February, and March) and spring (April, May, and June) streamflow and groundwater for the selected sites within the Flint River Basin. The first scheme (model 1) is a null model and is developed using PCR for every streamflow and groundwater site using previous 3-month observations (October, November, and December) available at that particular site as predictors. Modeling schemes 2 and 3 are developed using PCR and CCA, respectively, to evaluate the role of precipitation forecasts in improving monthly and seasonal groundwater predictions. Modeling scheme 3, which employs a CCA approach, is developed for each site by considering observed groundwater levels from nearby sites as predictands. The performance of these three schemes is evaluated using two metrics (correlation coefficient and relative RMS error) by developing groundwater-level forecasts based on leave-five-out cross-validation. Results from the research reported in this paper show that using precipitation forecasts in climate models improves the ability to predict the interannual variability of winter and spring streamflow and groundwater levels over the basin. However, significant conditional bias exists in all the three modeling schemes, which indicates the need to consider improved modeling schemes as well as the availability of longer time-series of observed hydroclimatic information over the basin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000776","usgsCitation":"Almanaseer, N., Sankarasubramanian, A., and Bales, J., 2014, Improving groundwater predictions utilizing seasonal precipitation forecasts from general circulation models forced with sea surface temperature forecasts: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, v. 19, no. 1, p. 87-98, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000776.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"98","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-042885","costCenters":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280427,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280411,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000776"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Flint River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.0,31.0 ], [ -85.0,33.5 ], [ -83.5,33.5 ], [ -83.5,31.0 ], [ -85.0,31.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6230e4b0b290850fe033","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Almanaseer, Naser","contributorId":13732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Almanaseer","given":"Naser","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sankarasubramanian, A.","contributorId":23062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sankarasubramanian","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bales, Jerad","contributorId":47390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70043821,"text":"sir20125282 - 2013 - Hydrogeology of the Susquehanna River valley-fill aquifer system and adjacent areas in eastern Broome and southeastern Chenango Counties, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-17T01:53:35.677134","indexId":"sir20125282","displayToPublicDate":"2021-11-16T08:55:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5282","displayTitle":"Hydrogeology of the Susquehanna River Valley-Fill Aquifer System and Adjacent Areas in Eastern Broome and Southeastern Chenango Counties, New York","title":"Hydrogeology of the Susquehanna River valley-fill aquifer system and adjacent areas in eastern Broome and southeastern Chenango Counties, New York","docAbstract":"The hydrogeology of the valley-fill aquifer system along a 32-mile reach of the Susquehanna River valley and adjacent areas was evaluated in eastern Broome and southeastern Chenango Counties, New York. The surficial geology, inferred ice-marginal positions, and distribution of stratified-drift aquifers were mapped from existing data. Ice-marginal positions, which represent pauses in the retreat of glacial ice from the region, favored the accumulation of coarse-grained deposits whereas more steady or rapid ice retreat between these positions favored deposition of fine-grained lacustrine deposits with limited coarse-grained deposits at depth. Unconfined aquifers with thick saturated coarse-grained deposits are the most favorable settings for water-resource development, and three several-mile-long sections of valley were identified (mostly in Broome County) as potentially favorable: (1) the southernmost valley section, which extends from the New York–Pennsylvania border to about 1 mile north of South Windsor, (2) the valley section that rounds the west side of the umlaufberg (an isolated bedrock hill within a valley) north of Windsor, and (3) the east–west valley section at the Broome County–Chenango County border from Nineveh to East of Bettsburg (including the lower reach of the Cornell Brook valley). Fine-grained lacustrine deposits form extensive confining units between the unconfined areas, and the water-resource potential of confined aquifers is largely untested. Recharge, or replenishment, of these aquifers is dependent not only on infiltration of precipitation directly on unconfined aquifers, but perhaps more so from precipitation that falls in adjacent upland areas. Surface runoff and shallow groundwater from the valley walls flow downslope and recharge valley aquifers. Tributary streams that drain upland areas lose flow as they enter main valleys on permeable alluvial fans. This infiltrating water also recharges valley aquifers. Current (2012) use of water resources in the area is primarily through domestic wells, most of which are completed in fractured bedrock in upland areas. A few villages in the Susquehanna River valley have supply wells that draw water from beneath alluvial fans and near the Susquehanna River, which is a large potential source of water from induced infiltration.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125282","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Heisig, P.M., 2013, Hydrogeology of the Susquehanna River valley-fill aquifer system and adjacent areas in eastern Broome and southeastern Chenango Counties, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5282, 21 p., at https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5282.","productDescription":"vii, 21 p.; 1 Appendix; Map: 1 Sheet: 30.50 x 38.00 inches","startPage":"i","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267842,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5282.gif"},{"id":267840,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5282/appendix1/Appendix%201.xlsx"},{"id":267839,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5282/"},{"id":267841,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5282/plate.html"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.76,40.48 ], [ -79.76,45.02 ], [ -71.85,45.02 ], [ -71.85,40.48 ], [ -79.76,40.48 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180–8349
A one-dimensional diffusion analogy model for estimating tide heights in coastal marshes was developed and calibrated by using data from previous tidal-marsh studies. The method is simpler to use than other one- and two-dimensional hydrodynamic models because it does not require marsh depth and tidal prism information; however, the one-dimensional diffusion analogy model cannot be used to estimate tide heights, flow velocities, and tide arrival times for tide conditions other than the highest tide for which it is calibrated. Limited validation of the method indicates that it has an accuracy within 0.3 feet. The method can be applied with limited calibration information that is based entirely on remote sensing or geographic information system data layers. The method can be used to estimate high-tide heights in tidal wetlands drained by tide gates where tide levels cannot be observed directly by opening the gates without risk of flooding properties and structures. A geographic information system application of the method is demonstrated for Sybil Creek marsh in Branford, Connecticut. The tidal flux into this marsh is controlled by two tide gates that prevent full tidal inundation of the marsh. The method application shows reasonable tide heights for the gates-closed condition (the normal condition) and the one-gate-open condition on the basis of comparison with observed heights. The condition with all tide gates open (two gates) was simulated with the model; results indicate where several structures would be flooded if the gates were removed as part of restoration efforts or if the tide gates were to fail.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135076","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Bjerklie, D.M., O’Brien, Kevin, and Rozsa, Ron, 2013, A one-dimensional diffusion analogy model for estimation of tide heights in selected tidal marshes in Connecticut (ver. 1.1, December 2019): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013–5076, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135076.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273622,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5076/index.html"},{"id":370389,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5076/versionhist.txt","size":"485 B","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":273623,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5076/sir20135076.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.60 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2013-5076"},{"id":273624,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5076/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","otherGeospatial":"Leetes Island, Pine Creek, Sybil Creek, Wilson Cove Marshes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.5,41 ], [ -73.5,41.6 ], [ -72.3,41.6 ], [ -72.3,41 ], [ -73.5,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.1: December 30, 2019; Version 1.0 June 11, 2013","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532
This map shows the spatial distribution of selected iron-bearing minerals and other materials derived from analysis of airborne HyMap™ imaging spectrometer (hyperspectral) data of Afghanistan collected in late 2007. This map is one in a series of U.S. Geological Survey/Afghanistan Geological Survey quadrangle maps covering Afghanistan.
\nFlown at an altitude of 50,000 feet (15,240 meters (m)), the HyMap™ imaging spectrometer measured reflected sunlight in 128 channels, covering wavelengths between 0.4 and 2.5 μm. The data were georeferenced, atmospherically corrected and converted to apparent surface reflectance, empirically adjusted using ground-based reflectance measurements, and combined into a mosaic with 23-m pixel spacing. Variations in water vapor and dust content of the atmosphere, in solar angle, and in surface elevation complicated correction; therefore, some classification differences may be present between adjacent flight lines.
\nThe reflectance spectrum of each pixel of HyMap™ imaging spectrometer data was compared to the reference materials in a spectral library of minerals, vegetation, water, and other materials. Minerals occurring abundantly at the surface and those having unique spectral features were easily detected and discriminated, while minerals having slightly different compositions but similar spectral features were less easily discriminated; thus, some map classes consist of several minerals having similar spectra, such as “Goethite and jarosite.” A designation of “Not classified” was assigned to the pixel when there was no match with reference spectra.
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\nFlown at an altitude of 50,000 feet (15,240 meters (m)), the HyMap™ imaging spectrometer measured reflected sunlight in 128 channels, covering wavelengths between 0.4 and 2.5 μm. The data were georeferenced, atmospherically corrected and converted to apparent surface reflectance, empirically adjusted using ground-based reflectance measurements, and combined into a mosaic with 23-m pixel spacing. Variations in water vapor and dust content of the atmosphere, in solar angle, and in surface elevation complicated correction; therefore, some classification differences may be present between adjacent flight lines.
\nThe reflectance spectrum of each pixel of HyMap™ imaging spectrometer data was compared to the reference materials in a spectral library of minerals, vegetation, water, and other materials. Minerals occurring abundantly at the surface and those having unique spectral features were easily detected and discriminated, while minerals having slightly different compositions but similar spectral features were less easily discriminated; thus, some map classes consist of several minerals having similar spectra, such as “Epidote or chlorite.” A designation of “Not classified” was assigned to the pixel when there was no match with reference spectra.
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The map is one in a series of U.S. Geological Survey/Afghanistan Geological Survey quadrangle maps covering Afghanistan.
Flown at an altitude of 50,000 feet (15,240 meters (m)), the HyMap™ imaging spectrometer measured reflected sunlight in 128 channels, covering wavelengths between 0.4 and 2.5 μm. The data were georeferenced, atmospherically corrected and converted to apparent surface reflectance, empirically adjusted using ground-based reflectance measurements, and combined into a mosaic with 23-m pixel spacing. Variations in water vapor and dust content of the atmosphere, in solar angle, and in surface elevation complicated correction; therefore, some classification differences may be present between adjacent flight lines.
The reflectance spectrum of each pixel of HyMap™ imaging spectrometer data was compared to the reference materials in a spectral library of minerals, vegetation, water, and other materials. Minerals occurring abundantly at the surface and those having unique spectral features were easily detected and discriminated, while minerals having slightly different compositions but similar spectral features were less easily discriminated; thus, some map classes consist of several minerals having similar spectra, such as “Epidote or chlorite.” A designation of “Not classified” was assigned to the pixel when there was no match with reference spectra.
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Flown at an altitude of 50,000 feet (15,240 meters (m)), the HyMap™ imaging spectrometer measured reflected sunlight in 128 channels, covering wavelengths between 0.4 and 2.5 μm. The data were georeferenced, atmospherically corrected and converted to apparent surface reflectance, empirically adjusted using ground-based reflectance measurements, and combined into a mosaic with 23-m pixel spacing. Variations in water vapor and dust content of the atmosphere, in solar angle, and in surface elevation complicated correction; therefore, some classification differences may be present between adjacent flight lines.
The reflectance spectrum of each pixel of HyMap™ imaging spectrometer data was compared to the reference materials in a spectral library of minerals, vegetation, water, and other materials. Minerals occurring abundantly at the surface and those having unique spectral features were easily detected and discriminated, while minerals having slightly different compositions but similar spectral features were less easily discriminated; thus, some map classes consist of several minerals having similar spectra, such as “Epidote or chlorite.” A designation of “Not classified” was assigned to the pixel when there was no match with reference spectra.
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\nFlown at an altitude of 50,000 feet (15,240 meters (m)), the HyMap™ imaging spectrometer measured reflected sunlight in 128 channels, covering wavelengths between 0.4 and 2.5 μm. The data were georeferenced, atmospherically corrected and converted to apparent surface reflectance, empirically adjusted using ground-based reflectance measurements, and combined into a mosaic with 23-m pixel spacing. Variations in water vapor and dust content of the atmosphere, in solar angle, and in surface elevation complicated correction; therefore, some classification differences may be present between adjacent flight lines.
\nThe reflectance spectrum of each pixel of HyMap™ imaging spectrometer data was compared to the reference materials in a spectral library of minerals, vegetation, water, and other materials. Minerals occurring abundantly at the surface and those having unique spectral features were easily detected and discriminated, while minerals having slightly different compositions but similar spectral features were less easily discriminated; thus, some map classes consist of several minerals having similar spectra, such as “Goethite and jarosite.” A designation of “Not classified” was assigned to the pixel when there was no match with reference spectra.
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