The Volcano Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is part of the Natural Hazards activity, as funded by Congressional appropriation. Investigations are carried out by the USGS and with cooperators at the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute, University of Hawaiʻi Mānoa and Hilo, University of Utah, and University of Washington Geophysics Program. This report lists publications from all of these institutions.
\nOnly published papers and maps are included here; abstracts presented at scientific meetings are omitted. Publication dates are based on year of issue, with no attempt to assign them to a fiscal year.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161060","usgsCitation":"Nathenson, Manuel, 2016, Publications of the Volcano Hazards Program 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1060, 12 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161060.","productDescription":"ii, 12 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-074027","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319913,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1060/ofr20161060.pdf","text":"Report","size":"127 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1060"},{"id":319912,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1060/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Program Coordinator, Volcano Hazards Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 904
Reston, VA 20192
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/
2015 was another great year for the Department of the Interior (DOI) Climate Science Centers (CSCs) and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center (NCCWSC) network. The DOI CSCs and USGS NCCWSC continued their mission of providing the science, data, and tools that are needed for on-the-ground decision making by natural and cultural resource managers to address the effects of climate change on fish, wildlife, ecosystems, and communities. Our many accomplishments in 2015 included initiating a national effort to understand the influence of drought on wildlife and ecosystems; providing numerous opportunities for students and early career researchers to expand their networks and learn more about climate change effects; and working with tribes and indigenous communities to expand their knowledge of and preparation for the impacts of climate change on important resources and traditional ways of living. Here we illustrate some of these 2015 activities from across the CSCs and NCCWSC.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161043","usgsCitation":"Varela Minder, Elda, and Padgett, H.A., 2016, U.S. Department of the Interior Climate Science Centers and U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center—Annual report for 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1043, 10 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161043.","productDescription":"10 p.","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073088","costCenters":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319881,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1043/ofr20161043.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.64 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016–1043"},{"id":319880,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1043/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center (NCCWSC)
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 516
Reston, VA 20192
A Decree of the Supreme Court of the United States, entered June 7, 1954, established the position of Delaware River Master within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). In addition, the Decree authorizes diversions of water from the Delaware River Basin and requires compensating releases from certain reservoirs, owned by New York City, to be made under the supervision and direction of the River Master. The Decree stipulates that the River Master will furnish reports to the Court, not less frequently than annually. This report is the 56th Annual Report of the River Master of the Delaware River. It covers the 2009 River Master report year, the period from December 1, 2008, to November 30, 2009.
During the report year, precipitation in the upper Delaware River Basin was 50.89 inches (in.) or 116 percent of the long-term average. Combined storage in Pepacton, Cannonsville, and Neversink Reservoirs remained high throughout the year and did not decline below 80 percent of combined capacity at any time. Delaware River operations during the year were conducted as stipulated by the Decree and the Flexible Flow Management Program (FFMP).
Diversions from the Delaware River Basin by New York City and New Jersey were in full compliance with the Decree. Reservoir releases were made as directed by the River Master at rates designed to meet the flow objective for the Delaware River at Montague, New Jersey, on 25 days during the report year. Releases were made at conservation rates—rates designed to relieve thermal stress and protect the fishery and aquatic habitat in the tailwaters of the reservoirs—on all other days.
During the report year, New York City and New Jersey complied fully with the terms of the Decree, and directives and requests of the River Master.
As part of a long-term program, the quality of water in the Delaware Estuary between Trenton, New Jersey, and Reedy Island Jetty, Delaware, was monitored at various locations. Data on water temperature, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and pH were collected continuously by electronic instruments at four sites. In addition, selected water-quality data were collected at 22 sites on a monthly basis.
The Delaware River Basin Commission (DRBC) collects monthly samples from March through October at 22 sites between Biles Channel and South Brown Shoal. Samples were collected and analyzed by the State of Delaware for the DRBC. At each site, water samples were collected at a single point near the center of the channel near the surface and analyzed for selected physical properties, and chemical and biological constituents including routine chemical substances, nutrients and bacteria. These consist of analyses of field measurements and laboratory determinations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151231","usgsCitation":"Krejmas, B.E., Paulachok, G.N., Mason, R.R., Jr., and Owens, Marie, 2016, Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 2008–November 30, 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1231, 76 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151231.","productDescription":"vi, 76 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-12-01","ipdsId":"IP-070813","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319219,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1231/ofr20151231.pdf","size":"1.22 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1231"},{"id":319218,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1231/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Delaware River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.4815673828125,\n 39.70296052957233\n ],\n [\n -74.498291015625,\n 39.8465036024177\n ],\n [\n -74.4927978515625,\n 40.26695230509781\n ],\n [\n -74.970703125,\n 40.75974059207392\n ],\n [\n -74.6685791015625,\n 40.979898069620155\n ],\n [\n -74.5806884765625,\n 41.335575973123895\n ],\n [\n -74.11376953125,\n 42.13082130188811\n ],\n [\n -74.9432373046875,\n 42.44372793752476\n ],\n [\n -75.574951171875,\n 42.00848901572399\n ],\n [\n -75.8880615234375,\n 41.244772343082104\n ],\n [\n -76.343994140625,\n 40.329795743702064\n ],\n [\n -76.04736328125,\n 39.73253798438173\n ],\n [\n -75.4815673828125,\n 39.70296052957233\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Deputy Delaware River Master
U.S. Geological Survey
10 Buist Road, Bldg. 3, Suite 304
Milford Professional Park
Milford, PA 18337
Fax: 570–296–9414
http://water.usgs.gov/osw/odrm/
The Kansas River is a primary source of drinking water for about 800,000 people in northeastern Kansas. Source-water supplies are treated by a combination of chemical and physical processes to remove contaminants before distribution. Advanced notification of changing water-quality conditions and cyanobacteria and associated toxin and taste-and-odor compounds provides drinking-water treatment facilities time to develop and implement adequate treatment strategies. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Kansas Water Office (funded in part through the Kansas State Water Plan Fund), and the City of Lawrence, the City of Topeka, the City of Olathe, and Johnson County Water One, began a study in July 2012 to develop statistical models at two Kansas River sites located upstream from drinking-water intakes. Continuous water-quality monitors have been operated and discrete-water quality samples have been collected on the Kansas River at Wamego (USGS site number 06887500) and De Soto (USGS site number 06892350) since July 2012. Continuous and discrete water-quality data collected during July 2012 through June 2015 were used to develop statistical models for constituents of interest at the Wamego and De Soto sites. Logistic models to continuously estimate the probability of occurrence above selected thresholds were developed for cyanobacteria, microcystin, and geosmin. Linear regression models to continuously estimate constituent concentrations were developed for major ions, dissolved solids, alkalinity, nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus species), suspended sediment, indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli, fecal coliform, and enterococci), and actinomycetes bacteria. These models will be used to provide real-time estimates of the probability that cyanobacteria and associated compounds exceed thresholds and of the concentrations of other water-quality constituents in the Kansas River. The models documented in this report are useful for characterizing changes in water-quality conditions through time, characterizing potentially harmful cyanobacterial events, and indicating changes in water-quality conditions that may affect drinking-water treatment processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161040","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Water Office, the City of Lawrence, the City of Topeka, the City of Olathe, and Johnson County Water One","usgsCitation":"Foster, G.M., and Graham, J.L., 2016, Logistic and linear regression model documentation for statistical relations between continuous real-time and discrete water-quality constituents in the Kansas River, Kansas, July 2012 through June 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1040, 27 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161040. ","productDescription":"Report: iv, 27 p.; 31 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-071163","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319781,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1040/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":319791,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1040/downloads/","text":"Appendixes 1 through 31","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016–1040 Appendixes"},{"id":319782,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1040/ofr20161040.pdf","text":"Report","size":"830 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016–1040"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Kansas River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.6142578125,\n 38.81403111409755\n ],\n [\n -94.921875,\n 39.14710270770074\n ],\n [\n -95.185546875,\n 39.45316112807394\n ],\n [\n -95.5810546875,\n 39.90130858574735\n ],\n [\n -95.635986328125,\n 39.95185892663005\n ],\n [\n -95.82275390625,\n 39.707186656826565\n ],\n [\n -96.207275390625,\n 39.690280594818034\n ],\n [\n -96.39404296875,\n 39.487084981687495\n ],\n [\n -96.50390625,\n 39.18117526158749\n ],\n [\n -96.866455078125,\n 39.26628442213066\n ],\n [\n -96.88842773437499,\n 38.976492485539424\n ],\n [\n -96.910400390625,\n 38.60828592850559\n ],\n [\n -96.94335937499999,\n 38.42777351132905\n ],\n [\n -96.624755859375,\n 38.53097889440026\n ],\n [\n -96.075439453125,\n 38.61687046392973\n ],\n [\n -95.020751953125,\n 38.65119833229951\n ],\n [\n -94.68017578125,\n 38.659777730712534\n ],\n [\n -94.6142578125,\n 38.81403111409755\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Kansas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4821 Quail Crest Place
Lawrence, KS 66049
As part of the Great Lakes and Mississippi River Interbasin Study, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is conducting an assessment of the vulnerability of the Chicago Area Waterway System and Des Plaines River to Asian carp (specifically, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (bighead carp) and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp)) spawning and recruitment. As part of this assessment, the USACE requested the help of the U.S. Geological Survey in predicting the fate and transport of Asian carp eggs hypothetically spawned at the electric dispersal barrier on the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal and downstream of the Brandon Road Lock and Dam on the Des Plaines River under dry weather flow and high water temperature conditions. The Fluvial Egg Drift Simulator (FluEgg) model predicted that approximately 80 percent of silver carp eggs spawned near the electric dispersal barrier would hatch within the Lockport and Brandon Road pools (as close as 3.6 miles downstream of the barrier) and approximately 82 percent of the silver carp eggs spawned near the Brandon Road Dam would hatch in the Des Plaines River (as close as 1.6 miles downstream from the gates of Brandon Road Lock). Extension of the FluEgg model to include the fate and transport of larvae until gas bladder inflation—the point at which the larvae begin to leave the drift—suggests that eggs spawned at the electric dispersal barrier would reach the gas bladder inflation stage primarily within the Dresden Island Pool, and those spawned at the Brandon Road Dam would reach this stage primarily within the Marseilles and Starved Rock Pools.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161011","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Restoration Initiative","usgsCitation":"Murphy, E.A., Garcia, Tatiana, Jackson, P.R., and Duncker J.J., 2016, Simulation of hypothetical Asian carp egg and larvae development and transport in the Lockport, Brandon Road, Dresden Island, and Marseilles Pools of the Illinois Waterway by use of the fluvial egg drift simulator (FluEgg) model: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 2016–1011, 19 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161011.","productDescription":"vii, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070545","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319192,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1011/ofr20161011.pdf","size":"2.75 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1011"},{"id":319191,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1011/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.96728515624999,\n 40.95501133048621\n ],\n [\n -88.96728515624999,\n 41.85319643776675\n ],\n [\n -87.9345703125,\n 41.85319643776675\n ],\n [\n -87.9345703125,\n 40.95501133048621\n ],\n [\n -88.96728515624999,\n 40.95501133048621\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Illinois Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
405 N Goodwin
Urbana, IL 61801
http://il.water.usgs.gov/
Federal investments in ecosystem restoration projects protect Federal trusts, ensure public health and safety, and preserve and enhance essential ecosystem services. These investments also generate business activity and create jobs. It is important for restoration practitioners to be able to quantify the economic impacts of individual restoration projects in order to communicate the contribution of these activities to local and national stakeholders. This report provides a detailed description of the methods used to estimate economic impacts of case study projects and also provides suggestions, lessons learned, and trade-offs between potential analysis methods.
\nThis analysis estimates the economic impacts of a wide variety of ecosystem restoration projects associated with U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) lands and programs. Specifically, the report provides estimated economic impacts for 21 DOI restoration projects associated with Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration cases and Bureau of Land Management lands. The study indicates that ecosystem restoration projects provide meaningful economic contributions to local economies and to broader regional and national economies, and, based on the case studies, we estimate that between 13 and 32 job-years4 and between $2.2 and $3.4 million in total economic output5 are contributed to the U.S. economy for every $1 million invested in ecosystem restoration. These results highlight the magnitude and variability in the economic impacts associated with ecosystem restoration projects and demonstrate how investments in ecosystem restoration support jobs and livelihoods, small businesses, and rural economies. In addition to providing improved information on the economic impacts of restoration, the case studies included with this report highlight DOI restoration efforts and tell personalized stories about each project and the communities that are positively affected by restoration activities. Individual case studies are provided in appendix 1 of this report and are available from an online database at https://www.fort.usgs.gov/economic-impacts-restoration.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161016","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration Program and Office of Policy Analysis and the Bureau of Land Management Socioeconomics Program","usgsCitation":"Cullinane Thomas, Catherine; Huber, Christopher; Skrabis, Kristin; and Sidon, Joshua, 2016, Estimating the economic impacts of ecosystem restoration—Methods and case studies: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1016, 98 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161016.","productDescription":"v, 98 p.","numberOfPages":"104","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068960","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318716,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1016/ofr20161016.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1016"},{"id":318715,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1016/coverthb2.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Fort Collins Science Center
2150 Centre Ave. Building C
Fort Collins, CO 80526-8118
We constructed a one-dimensional daily averaged water-temperature model to simulate Trinity River temperatures for 1980–2013. The purpose of this model is to assess effects of water-management actions on water temperature and to provide water temperature inputs for a salmon population dynamics model. Simulated meteorological data, observed streamflow data, and observed water temperatures were used as model inputs to simulate a continuous 34-year time series of historical daily mean water temperature at eight locations along 112.2 river miles from Lewiston Dam near Weaverville, California, downstream to the Klamath River confluence. To demonstrate the utility of the model to inform management actions, we simulated three management alternatives to assess the effects of bypass flow augmentation in a drought year, 1994, and compared those results to the simulated historical baseline, referred to as the “No Action” alternative scenario. Augmentation flows from the Lewiston Dam bypass consist of temperature-controlled releases capable of cooling downstream water temperatures in hot times of the year, which can reduce the probability of disease outbreaks in fish populations. Outputs from the Trinity River water-temperature model were then used as inputs to an existing water-temperature model of the Klamath River to evaluate the effect of augmentation flow releases on water temperatures in the lower Klamath River.
\nWe structured the Trinity River water-temperature model in River Basin Model-10 (RBM10), which uses a simple equilibrium flow model, assuming discharge in each river segment on each day is transmitted downstream instantaneously. The model uses a heat-budget formulation to quantify heat flux at the air-water interface. Inputs for the heat budget are calculated from daily mean meteorological data, including net shortwave solar radiation, net longwave atmospheric radiation, air temperature, wind speed, vapor pressure, and a psychrometric constant needed to calculate the Bowen ratio. The modeling domain was divided into eight reaches ranging in length from 8.8 to 20.6 miles, which were calibrated and validated separately with observed water temperature data collected irregularly from 1980 to 2013. Root mean square errors of observed and simulated water temperatures for the eight reaches ranged from 0.25 to 1.12 degrees Celsius (°C). Mean absolute errors ranged from 0.18 to 0.89 °C. For model validation, a k-fold cross-validation technique was used. Validation root mean square error and mean absolute error for the eight reaches ranged from 0.24 to 1.11 °C and from 0.18 to 0.89 °C, respectively.
\nAugmentation scenarios were based on historical hydrological and meteorological data, combined with prescribed flow and temperature releases from Lewiston Dam provided by the Bureau of Reclamation. Water releases were scheduled to achieve targeted flows of 2,500, 2,800, and 3,200 cubic feet per second in the lower Klamath River from mid-August through late September, coinciding with the upstream migration of adult fall-run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Water temperatures simulated at river mile 5.7 on the Klamath River showed a 5 °C decrease from the No Action historical baseline, which was near or greater than 23 °C when augmentation began in mid-August. Thereafter, an approximate 1 °C difference among augmentation scenarios emerged, with the decrease in water temperature commensurate to the level of augmentation. All augmentation scenarios simulated water temperatures equal to or less than 21 °C from mid-August through late September. Water temperatures equal to or greater than 23 °C are of particular interest because of a thermal threshold known to inhibit upstream migration of salmon. When temperatures exceed this approximate 23 °C threshold, Chinook salmon are known to congregate in high densities in thermal refugias and show extended residence times, which can potentially trigger epizootic outbreaks such as of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (“Ich”) and Flavobacterium columnare (“Columnaris”) that were the causative factors of the Klamath River fish kill in 2002. A model with the ability to simulate water temperatures in response to management actions at the basin scale is a valuable asset for water managers who must make decisions about how best to use limited water resources, which directly affect the state of fisheries in the Klamath Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161056","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Jones, E.C., Perry, R.W., Risley, J.C., Som, N.A., and Hetrick, N.J., 2016, Construction, calibration, and validation of the RBM10 water temperature model for the Trinity River, northern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1056, 46 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161056.","productDescription":"vi, 46 p.","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070848","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319696,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1056/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":319697,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1056/ofr20161056.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1056"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Trinity River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.71566772460936,\n 41.19622318190575\n ],\n [\n -123.70605468750001,\n 41.19622318190575\n ],\n [\n -123.69918823242188,\n 41.183821876278515\n ],\n [\n -123.68545532226561,\n 41.168316941075766\n ],\n [\n -123.67721557617188,\n 41.154876361984655\n ],\n [\n -123.67584228515625,\n 41.14039880964587\n ],\n [\n -123.67584228515625,\n 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U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115
http://wfrc.usgs.gov/
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earthquake Hazards and Landslide Hazards Programs are developing plans to add quantitative hazard assessments of earthquake-triggered landsliding and liquefaction to existing real-time earthquake products (ShakeMap, ShakeCast, PAGER) using open and readily available methodologies and products. To date, prototype global statistical models have been developed and are being refined, improved, and tested. These models are a good foundation, but much work remains to achieve robust and defensible models that meet the needs of end users. In order to establish an implementation plan and identify research priorities, the USGS convened a workshop in Golden, Colorado, in October 2015. This document summarizes current (as of early 2016) capabilities, research and operational priorities, and plans for further studies that were established at this workshop. Specific priorities established during the meeting include (1) developing a suite of alternative models; (2) making use of higher resolution and higher quality data where possible; (3) incorporating newer global and regional datasets and inventories; (4) reducing barriers to accessing inventory datasets; (5) developing methods for using inconsistent or incomplete datasets in aggregate; (6) developing standardized model testing and evaluation methods; (7) improving ShakeMap shaking estimates, particularly as relevant to ground failure, such as including topographic amplification and accounting for spatial variability; and (8) developing vulnerability functions for loss estimates.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161044","usgsCitation":"Allstadt, K.E.; Thompson, E.M.; Wald, D.J.; Hamburger, M.W.; Godt, J.W.; Knudsen, K.L.; Jibson, R.W.; Jessee, M.A.; Zhu, Jing; Hearne, Michael; Baise, L.G.; Tanyas, Hakan; and Marano, K.D., 2016, USGS approach to real-time estimation of earthquake-triggered ground failure—Results of 2015 workshop: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1044, 13 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161044. ","productDescription":"iii, 13 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073401","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319581,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1044/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":319582,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1044/ofr20161044.pdf","text":"Report","size":"348 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2014-1044"}],"contact":"Director, Geologic Hazards Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS 966
Denver, CO 80225-0046
To obtain minerals suitable for age-dating and other analyses, it is necessary to first reduce the mineral-bearing rock to a fine, sand-like consistency. Reducing whole rock requires crushing, grinding, and sieving. Ideally, the reduced material should range in size from 80- to 270-mesh (an opening between wires in a sieve). The openings in an 80-mesh sieve are equal to 0.007 inches, 0.177 millimeters, or 177 micrometers. This size range ensures that compound grains are mostly disaggregated and that grains, in general, are dimensionally similar. This range also improves the segregation rate of conspicuous to extremely small individual heavy mineral grains.
\nOnce the rock is reduced to grains, it is necessary to separate the grains into paramagnetic and nonparamagnetic and heavy and light mineral fractions. In separating grains by property, those minerals chemically suited for radiometric dating are abundantly concentrated. Grams of mineralogical material can then be analyzed and characterized by multiple methods including trace element chemistry, laser ablation, and in particular, ion geochronology.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161022","usgsCitation":"Strong, T.R., and Driscoll, R.L., 2016, A process for reducing rocks and concentrating heavy minerals: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1022, 16 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161022.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070765","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319568,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1022/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":319569,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1022/ofr20161022.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.75 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1022"}],"contact":"Center Director, USGS Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center
Box 25046, MS 9973
Denver, CO 80225-0046
","tableOfContents":"
Total nitrogen loads at 14 water-quality monitoring stations were calculated by using discrete measurements of total nitrogen and continuous streamflow data for the period 2005–13 (water years 2006–13). Total nitrogen loads were calculated by using the LOADEST computer program.
Overall, for water years 2006–13, streamflow in Connecticut was generally above normal. Total nitrogen yields ranged from 1,160 to 23,330 pounds per square mile per year. Total nitrogen loads from the French River at North Grosvenordale and the Still River at Brookfield Center, Connecticut, declined noticeably during the study period. An analysis of the bias in estimated loads indicated unbiased results at all but one station, indicating generally good fit for the LOADEST models.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161007","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Mullaney, J.R., 2016, Nitrogen loads from selected rivers in the Long Island Sound Basin, 2005–13, Connecticut and Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1007, 14 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161007.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 14 p.; Table 2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-070502","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319223,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1007/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":319224,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1007/ofr20161007.pdf","size":"6.36 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1007"},{"id":319225,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1007/ofr20161007_table2.xlsx","text":"Table 2. Total nitrogen load and yield and selected regression model and flux-bias diagnostics for each water-quality monitoring station, Long Island Sound Basin, water years 2006–13.","size":"22.7 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1007"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.4820556640625,\n 42.17561739661684\n ],\n [\n -71.806640625,\n 42.12674735753131\n ],\n [\n -71.8011474609375,\n 41.31907562295136\n ],\n [\n -72.3834228515625,\n 41.25716209782705\n ],\n [\n -72.93823242187499,\n 41.22824901518532\n ],\n [\n -73.65234375,\n 40.992337919312284\n ],\n [\n -73.740234375,\n 41.10005163093046\n ],\n [\n -73.4930419921875,\n 41.21998578493921\n ],\n [\n -73.56994628906249,\n 41.29431726315258\n ],\n [\n -73.4820556640625,\n 42.17561739661684\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
101 Pitkin Street
East Hartford, CT 06108
Or Visit our Web site at:
http://newengland.water.usgs.gov
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has produced a 1-year seismic hazard forecast for 2016 for the Central and Eastern United States (CEUS) that includes contributions from both induced and natural earthquakes. The model assumes that earthquake rates calculated from several different time windows will remain relatively stationary and can be used to forecast earthquake hazard and damage intensity for the year 2016. This assessment is the first step in developing an operational earthquake forecast for the CEUS, and the analysis could be revised with updated seismicity and model parameters. Consensus input models consider alternative earthquake catalog durations, smoothing parameters, maximum magnitudes, and ground motion estimates, and represent uncertainties in earthquake occurrence and diversity of opinion in the science community. Ground shaking seismic hazard for 1-percent probability of exceedance in 1 year reaches 0.6 g (as a fraction of standard gravity [g]) in northern Oklahoma and southern Kansas, and about 0.2 g in the Raton Basin of Colorado and New Mexico, in central Arkansas, and in north-central Texas near Dallas. Near some areas of active induced earthquakes, hazard is higher than in the 2014 USGS National Seismic Hazard Model (NHSM) by more than a factor of 3; the 2014 NHSM did not consider induced earthquakes. In some areas, previously observed induced earthquakes have stopped, so the seismic hazard reverts back to the 2014 NSHM. Increased seismic activity, whether defined as induced or natural, produces high hazard. Conversion of ground shaking to seismic intensity indicates that some places in Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, and Arkansas may experience damage if the induced seismicity continues unabated. The chance of having Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) VI or greater (damaging earthquake shaking) is 5–12 percent per year in north-central Oklahoma and southern Kansas, similar to the chance of damage caused by natural earthquakes at sites in parts of California.
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U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS 966
Denver, CO 80225-0046
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/hazards/
","tableOfContents":"In order to address the 2008/10 NOAA Fisheries Biological Opinion for operation of the Federal Columbia River Power System, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) have developed and begun implementation of Caspian tern (Hydroprogne caspia) management plans. This implementation includes relocating nesting Caspian terns out of the Columbia River estuary and the mid-Columbia River region to reduce predation on salmonids listed under the Endangered Species Act. USACE and Reclamation developed Caspian tern nesting habitat at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge (DENWR), California prior to the 2015 nesting season. Further, to reduce or eliminate potential conflicts between nesting Caspian terns and threatened western snowy plovers (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus), nesting habitat for snowy plovers also was developed. Seven recently constructed islands within two managed ponds (Ponds A16 and SF2) of DENWR were modified to provide habitat attractive to nesting Caspian terns (5 islands), and snowy plovers (2 islands). These seven islands were a subset of 46 islands recently constructed in Ponds A16 and SF2 to provide waterbird nesting habitat as part of the South Bay Salt Pond (SBSP) Restoration Project.
\nWe used social attraction methods (decoys and electronic call systems) to attract Caspian terns and snowy plovers to these seven modified islands, and conducted surveys between March and September 2015 to evaluate nest numbers, nest density, and productivity. Results from the 2015 nesting season indicate that island modifications and social attraction measures were successful in establishing Caspian tern breeding colonies at Ponds A16 and SF2 of DENWR. Caspian terns nested on three of the five islands modified for Caspian terns (1 island in Pond A16 and 2 islands in Pond SF2). Caspian terns initiated at least 224 nests, fledged at least 174 chicks, and exhibited a breeding success rate of 0.78 fledged chicks/breeding pair. These results are promising considering it was the first year of the study and there was no prior history of Caspian terns nesting at Ponds A16 and SF2. In contrast, snowy plovers did not attempt to nest on any island in Ponds A16 and SF2. These results demonstrate the potential of social attraction measures to help establish tern nesting colonies in San Francisco Bay. Social attraction measures similar to those used in this study, but targeting other species such as Forster’s terns and American avocets, may help to establish waterbird breeding colonies at wetlands enhanced as part of the SBSP Restoration Project.
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U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
http://www.werc.usgs.gov/
In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within the limit of California’s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow subsurface geology.
The Offshore of Santa Cruz map area is located in central California, on the Pacific Coast about 98 km south of San Francisco. The city of Santa Cruz (population, about 63,000), the largest incorporated city in the map area and the county seat of Santa Cruz County, lies on uplifted marine terraces between the shoreline and the northwest-trending Santa Cruz Mountains, part of California’s Coast Ranges. All of California’s State Waters in the map area is part of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary.
The map area is cut by an offshore section of the San Gregorio Fault Zone, and it lies about 20 kilometers southwest of the San Andreas Fault Zone. Regional folding and uplift along the coast has been attributed to a westward bend in the San Andreas Fault Zone and to right-lateral movement along the San Gregorio Fault Zone. Most of the coastal zone is characterized by low, rocky cliffs and sparse, small pocket beaches backed by low, terraced hills. Point Santa Cruz, which forms the north edge of Monterey Bay, provides protection for the beaches in the easternmost part of the map area by sheltering them from the predominantly northwesterly waves.
The shelf in the map area is underlain by variable amounts (0 to 25 m) of upper Quaternary shelf, estuarine, and fluvial sediments deposited as sea level fluctuated in the late Pleistocene. The inner shelf is characterized by bedrock outcrops that have local thin sediment cover, the result of regional uplift, high wave energy, and limited sediment supply. The midshelf occupies part of an extensive, shore-parallel mud belt. The thickest sediment deposits, inferred to consist mainly of lowstand nearshore deposits, are found in the southeastern and northwestern parts of the map area.
Coastal sediment transport in the map area is characterized by northwest-to-southeast littoral transport of sediment that is derived mainly from ephemeral streams in the Santa Cruz Mountains and also from local coastal-bluff erosion. During the last approximately 300 years, as much as 18 million cubic yards (14 million cubic meters) of sand-sized sediment has been eroded from the area between Año Nuevo Island and Point Año Nuevo and transported south; this mass of eroded sand is now enriching beaches in the map area. Sediment transport is within the Santa Cruz littoral cell, which terminates in the submarine Monterey Canyon.
Benthic species observed in the Offshore of Santa Cruz map area are natives of the cold-temperate biogeographic zone that is called either the “Oregonian province” or the “northern California ecoregion.” This biogeographic province is maintained by the long-term stability of the southward-flowing California Current, the eastern limb of the North Pacific subtropical gyre that flows from southern British Columbia to Baja California. At its midpoint off central California, the California Current transports subarctic surface (0–500 m deep) waters southward, about 150 to 1,300 km from shore. Seasonal northwesterly winds that are, in part, responsible for the California Current, generate coastal upwelling. The south end of the Oregonian province is at Point Conception (about 300 km south of the map area), although its associated phylogeographic group of marine fauna may extend beyond to the area offshore of Los Angeles in southern California. The ocean off of central California has experienced a warming over the last 50 years that is driving an ecosystem shift away from the productive subarctic regime towards a depopulated subtropical environment.
Biological productivity resulting from coastal upwelling supports populations of Sooty Shearwater, Western Gull, Common Murre, Cassin’s Auklet, and many other less populous bird species. In addition, an observable recovery of Humpback and Blue Whales has occurred in the area; both species are dependent on coastal upwelling to provide nutrients. The large extent of exposed inner shelf bedrock supports large forests of “bull kelp,” which is well adapted for high-wave-energy environments. The kelp beds are the northernmost known habitat for the population of southern sea otters. Common fish species found in the kelp beds and rocky reefs include lingcod and various species of rockfish and greenling.
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Cochran, eds.), 2016, California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Santa Cruz, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1024, pamphlet 40 p., 10 sheets, scale 1:24,000, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161024.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 40 p.; 10 Sheets: 60.0 x 36.0 inches or smaller; Data Catalog; Metadata","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-058743","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438627,"rank":21,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7TM785G","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog--Offshore of Santa Cruz, California"},{"id":318983,"rank":19,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20161025","text":"Open-File Report 2016–1025","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Aptos, California, by Guy R. 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Each GIS data file is listed with a brief description, a small image, and links to the metadata files and the downloadable data files."},{"id":318971,"rank":9,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1024/ofr20161024_sheet9.pdf","text":"Sheet 9","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1024 Sheet 9 PDF","linkHelpText":"Local (Offshore of Santa Cruz Map Area) and Regional (Offshore from Pigeon Point to Southern Monterey Bay) Shallow-Subsurface Geology and Structure, California By Samuel Y. Johnson, Stephen R. Hartwell, Janet T. Watt, Ray W. Sliter, and Katherine L. Maier"},{"id":318969,"rank":7,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1024/ofr20161024_sheet7.pdf","text":"Sheet 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1024 Sheet 7 PDF","linkHelpText":"Potential Marine Benthic Habitats, Offshore of Santa Cruz Map Area, California By Bryan E. Dieter, Charles A. Endris, H. Gary Greene, and Mercedes D. Erdey"},{"id":318968,"rank":6,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1024/ofr20161024_sheet6.pdf","text":"Sheet 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1024 Sheet 6 PDF","linkHelpText":"Ground-Truth Studies, Offshore of Santa Cruz Map Area, California By Nadine E. Golden, Guy R. Cochrane, and Lisa M. Krigsman"},{"id":318967,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1024/ofr20161024_sheet5.pdf","text":"Sheet 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1024 Sheet 5 PDF","linkHelpText":"Seafloor Character, Offshore of Santa Cruz Map Area, California By Mercedes D. Erdey and Guy R. Cochrane"},{"id":318966,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1024/ofr20161024_sheet4.pdf","text":"Sheet 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1024 Sheet 4 PDF","linkHelpText":"Data Integration and Visualization, Offshore of Santa Cruz Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell"},{"id":318965,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1024/ofr20161024_sheet3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1024 Sheet 3 PDF","linkHelpText":"Acoustic Backscatter, Offshore of Santa Cruz Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell, Andrew C. Ritchie, and David P. Finlayson"},{"id":318975,"rank":11,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1024/ofr20161024_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1024 Pamphlet"},{"id":318977,"rank":13,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1024/ofr20161024_metadata.html"},{"id":318970,"rank":8,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1024/ofr20161024_sheet8.pdf","text":"Sheet 8","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1024 Sheet 8 PDF","linkHelpText":"Seismic-Reflection Profiles, Offshore of Santa Cruz Map Area, California by Samuel Y. Johnson, Stephen R. Hartwell, and Ray W. Sliter"},{"id":399098,"rank":20,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_104092.htm"},{"id":318976,"rank":12,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1024/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":318964,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1024/ofr20161024_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1024 Sheet 2 PDF","linkHelpText":"Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Offshore of Santa Cruz Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell, Andrew C. Ritchie, and David P. Finlayson"},{"id":318963,"rank":1,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1024/ofr20161024_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1024 Sheet 1 PDF","linkHelpText":"Colored Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Offshore of Santa Cruz Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell, Andrew C. Ritchie, and David P. Finlayson"},{"id":318979,"rank":15,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/","text":"Data Series 781","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog"},{"id":318972,"rank":10,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1024/ofr20161024_sheet10.pdf","text":"Sheet 10","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1024 Sheet 10 PDF","linkHelpText":"Offshore and Onshore Geology and Geomorphology, Offshore of Santa Cruz Map Area, California By Samuel Y. Johnson, Stephen R. Hartwell, and Clifton W. Davenport"},{"id":318980,"rank":16,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3306/","text":"Scientific Investigations Map 3306","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of San Gregorio, California, by Guy R. Cochrane and others."}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Santa Cruz","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.1997,\n 36.8425\n ],\n [\n -122.0333,\n 36.8425\n ],\n [\n -122.0333,\n 37.0033\n ],\n [\n -122.1997,\n 37.0033\n ],\n [\n -122.1997,\n 36.8425\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information
Pacific Coastal & Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Pacific Science Center
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/
In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within California’s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar bathymetric data (the undersea equivalent of satellite remote-sensing data in terrestrial mapping), acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow subsurface geology.
\nThe Offshore of Aptos map area is located on the Pacific Coast, on the north side of Monterey Bay, about 105 km southeast of San Francisco. The largest incorporated city in the map area, Capitola, and numerous unincorporated towns including Aptos, lie on uplifted marine terraces between the shoreline, and the northwest-trending Santa Cruz Mountains, part of California’s Coast Ranges. The map area includes the northernmost part of Santa Cruz Harbor, and Moss Landing Harbor is located about 10 km south of the map area. The offshore part of the map area is entirely within California’s State Waters and is also part of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. In the southern part of the map area, the Soquel Canyon State Marine Conservation Area extends eastward from the limit of California’s State Waters across Soquel Canyon.
\nThe Offshore of Aptos map area is on the western margin of North American Plate—the only continental margin in the world delineated largely by transform faults. The San Andreas Fault Zone cuts through the Santa Cruz Mountains just 3.5 km northeast of the map area. The San Gregorio Fault Zone, another major plate-boundary structure, cuts through Monterey Canyon about 13 km southwest of the map area. Ongoing deformation associated with and between these major fault zones has uplifted the Santa Cruz Mountains and formed well-developed sets of marine terraces that characterize almost the entire coastal zone of the map area.
\nThe offshore part of the map area consists of relatively flat and shallow continental shelf which is underlain by variable amounts (0 to 30 m) of upper Quaternary shelf, estuarine, and fluvial sediments deposited as sea level fluctuated in the late Pleistocene. Along the southern edge of the map area, the shelf is incised by the head of Soquel Canyon, a northeast-trending tributary to the west-trending Monterey Canyon. During the last sea-level lowstand (the Last Glacial Maximum [LGM], about 21,000 years ago) Soquel Creek flowed through a paleochannel across the emergent shelf into the head of Soquel Canyon. This canyon was disconnected from its onshore watershed during the post-LGM sea-level rise of about 125 m; the abandoned paleochannel was subsequently filled with marine sediment. Coastal sediment in the Offshore of Aptos map area is supplied by coastal watersheds and bluff erosion. Sediment transport in this part of the Santa Cruz littoral cell is primarily from the northwest to the southeast and terminates in the submarine Monterey Canyon. Longshore drift is impeded by jetties at Santa Cruz Harbor, resulting in high beach erosion rates east of the harbor. Sediment dredged from the harbor mouth (estimated 300,000 yds3/yr) is currently being used to nourish beaches directly to the east. Farther downcoast, the rapidly eroding beach at Capitola was stabilized by construction of an about 75-m-long groin.
\nThis part of central California is exposed to large North Pacific swells from the northwest throughout the year. North Pacific swell heights range from 2 to 10 meters, with larger swells occurring from October to May. During El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, winter storms track farther south than they do in normal (non-ENSO) years, thereby impacting the map area more frequently and with waves of larger heights. Bedrock exposed in coastal cliffs is relatively erosion-resistant, and significant erosional events primarily are restricted to storm-wave activity that also erodes the overlying unconsolidated marine-terrace sediments.
\nThe Offshore of Aptos map area lies within the cold-temperate biogeographic zone that is called either the “Oregonian” province or the “northern California ecoregion.” This biogeographic province is maintained by the long-term stability of the southward-flowing California Current, the eastern limb of the North Pacific subtropical gyre that flows from southern British Columbia to Baja California. At its midpoint off central California, the California Current transports subarctic surface (0–500 m deep) waters southward, about 150 to 1,300 km from shore. Seasonal northwesterly winds that are, in part, responsible for the California Current, generate coastal upwelling. The south end of the Oregonian province is at Point Conception (about 310 km southeast of the map area), although its associated phylogeographic group of marine fauna may extend beyond to the area offshore of Los Angeles in southern California. The ocean off of central California has experienced a warming over the last 50 years that is driving an ecosystem shift away from the productive subarctic regime towards a depopulated subtropical environment.
\nSeafloor habitats in the Offshore of Aptos map area lie within the “Shelf” Megahabitat class and include patchy rocky habitats, gravel-rich scour depressions, minor bedrock habitat, and predominantly sandy inner shelf. Sandy shelf habitats grade offshore to mud-dominated habitats on the midshelf in deeper water. Biological productivity resulting from coastal upwelling supports populations of Sooty Shearwater, Western Gull, Common Murre, Cassin’s Auklet, and many other less populous bird species. In addition, an observable recovery of Humpback and Blue Whales has occurred in the area; both species are dependent on coastal upwelling to provide nutrients. California sea lions and Pacific harbor seals are abundant in the map area. Common bottlenose dolphins are often observed very close to shore and in the surf zone. The large extent of exposed inner shelf bedrock supports large forests of “bull kelp,” which is well adapted for high-wave-energy environments. The kelp beds are the northernmost known habitat for the population of southern sea otters. Common fish species found in the kelp beds and rocky reefs include blue rockfish, black rockfish, olive rockfish, kelp rockfish, gopher rockfish, black-and-yellow rockfish, painted greenling, kelp greenling, and lingcod.
\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161025","usgsCitation":"Cochrane, G.R., Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Greene, H.G., Erdey, M.D., Dieter, B.E., Golden, N.E., Hartwell, S.R., Ritchie, A.C., Kvitek, R.G., Maier, K.L., Endris, C.A., Davenport, C.W., Watt, J.T., Sliter, R.W., Finlayson, D.P., and Krigsman, L.M. (G.R. Cochrane and S.A. Cochran, eds.), 2016, California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Aptos, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1025, pamphlet 43 p., 10 sheets, scale 1:24,000, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161025.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 43 p.; 10 Sheets: 55.0 x 36.0 inches or smaller; Data Catalog; Metadata","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-059274","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438628,"rank":21,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7K35RQB","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog--Offshore of Aptos, California"},{"id":318989,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20151191","text":"Open-File Report 2015–1191,","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Scott Creek, California, by Guy R. Cochrane and others."},{"id":399015,"rank":20,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_104093.htm"},{"id":318984,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1025/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":318985,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1025/ofr20161025_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1025 Pamphlet PDF"},{"id":318986,"rank":3,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1025/ofr20161025_metadata.html"},{"id":318987,"rank":4,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7K35RQB","text":"Data Catalog","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"linkHelpText":"The GIS data layers for this map are accessible from “Data Catalog—Offshore of Aptos, California,” which is part of California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog. Each GIS data file is listed with a brief description, a small image, and links to the metadata files and the downloadable data files."},{"id":318988,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/","text":"Data Series 781","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog"},{"id":319000,"rank":17,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1025/ofr20161025_sheet8.pdf","text":"Sheet 8","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1025 Sheet 8 PDF","linkHelpText":"Seismic-Reflection Profiles, Offshore of Aptos Map Area, California By Samuel Y. Johnson, Stephen R. Hartwell, and Ray W. Sliter"},{"id":318990,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151232","text":"Open-File Report 2015–1232,","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Pigeon Point, California, by Guy R. Cochrane and others."},{"id":318991,"rank":8,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sim3306","text":"Scientific Investigations Map 3306,","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of San Gregorio, California, by Guy R. Cochrane and others."},{"id":318992,"rank":9,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141214","text":"Open-File Report 2014–1214,","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Half Moon Bay, California, by Guy R. Cochrane and others."},{"id":318993,"rank":10,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1025/ofr20161025_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1025 Sheet 1 PDF","linkHelpText":"Colored Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Offshore of Aptos Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell, Andrew C. Ritchie, David P. Finlayson, and Rikk G. Kvitek"},{"id":318994,"rank":11,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1025/ofr20161025_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1025 Sheet 2 PDF","linkHelpText":"Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Offshore of Aptos Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell, Andrew C. Ritchie, David P. Finlayson, and Rikk G. Kvitek"},{"id":318995,"rank":12,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1025/ofr20161025_sheet3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1025 Sheet 3 PDF","linkHelpText":"Acoustic Backscatter, Offshore of Aptos Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell, Andrew C. Ritchie, David P. Finlayson, and Rikk G. Kvitek"},{"id":318996,"rank":13,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1025/ofr20161025_sheet4.pdf","text":"Sheet 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1025 Sheet 4 PDF","linkHelpText":"Data Integration and Visualization, Offshore of Aptos Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell"},{"id":318997,"rank":14,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1025/ofr20161025_sheet5.pdf","text":"Sheet 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1025 Sheet 5 PDF","linkHelpText":"Seafloor Character, Offshore of Aptos Map Area, California By Mercedes D. Erdey and Guy R. Cochrane"},{"id":318998,"rank":15,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1025/ofr20161025_sheet6.pdf","text":"Sheet 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1025 Sheet 6 PDF","linkHelpText":"Ground-Truth Studies, Offshore of Aptos Map Area, California By Nadine E. Golden, Guy R. Cochrane, and Lisa M. Krigsman"},{"id":318999,"rank":16,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1025/ofr20161025_sheet7.pdf","text":"Sheet 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1025 Sheet 7 PDF","linkHelpText":"Potential Marine Benthic Habitats, Offshore of Aptos Map Area, California By Bryan E. Dieter, Charles A. Endris, H. Gary Greene, and Mercedes D. Erdey"},{"id":319001,"rank":18,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1025/ofr20161025_sheet9.pdf","text":"Sheet 9","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1025 Sheet 9 PDF","linkHelpText":"Local (Offshore of Aptos Map Area) and Regional (Offshore from Pigeon Point to Southern Monterey Bay) Shallow-Subsurface Geology and Structure, California By Samuel Y. Johnson, Stephen R. Hartwell, Janet T. Watt, Ray W. Sliter, and Katherine L. Maier"},{"id":319002,"rank":19,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1025/ofr20161025_sheet10.pdf","text":"Sheet 10","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1025 Sheet 10 PDF","linkHelpText":"Offshore and Onshore Geology and Geomorphology, Offshore of Aptos Map Area, California By Samuel Y. Johnson, Stephen R. Hartwell, Clifton W. Davenport, and Katherine L. Maier"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Aptos","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.03750610351564,\n 36.82687474287728\n ],\n [\n -121.79580688476562,\n 36.82687474287728\n ],\n [\n -121.79580688476562,\n 37.00584276741093\n ],\n [\n -122.03750610351564,\n 37.00584276741093\n ],\n [\n -122.03750610351564,\n 36.82687474287728\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"
Contact Information
Pacific Coastal & Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Pacific Science Center
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/
This report describes two software tools that, when used as front ends for the three-dimensional backward Monte Carlo atmospheric-radiative-transfer model (RTM) McArtim, facilitate the generation of lookup tables of volcanic-plume optical-transmittance characteristics in the ultraviolet/visible-spectral region. In particular, the differential optical depth and derivatives thereof (that is, weighting functions), with regard to a change in SO2 column density or aerosol optical thickness, can be simulated for a specific measurement geometry and a representative range of plume conditions. These tables are required for the retrieval of SO2 column density in volcanic plumes, using the simulated radiative-transfer/differential optical-absorption spectroscopic (SRT-DOAS) approach outlined by Kern and others (2012). This report, together with the software tools published online, is intended to make this sophisticated SRT-DOAS technique available to volcanologists and gas geochemists in an operational environment, without the need for an indepth treatment of the underlying principles or the low-level interface of the RTM McArtim.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161045","usgsCitation":"Kern, Christoph, 2016, An interface for simulating radiative transfer in and around volcanic plumes with the Monte Carlo radiative transfer model McArtim: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1045, 18 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161045.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046306","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319193,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1045/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":319194,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1045/ofr20161045.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1045"}],"contact":"Contact CVO
Volcano Science Center, Cascades Volcano Observatory
U.S. Geological Survey
1300 SE Cardinal Court, Building 10, Suite 100
Vancouver, WA 98683-9589
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/
The Comprehensive Sturgeon Research Project is a multiyear, multiagency collaborative research framework developed to provide information to support pallid sturgeon recovery and Missouri River management decisions. The project strategy integrates field and laboratory studies of sturgeon reproductive ecology, early life history, habitat requirements, and physiology. The project scope of work is developed annually with collaborating research partners and in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Missouri River Recovery Program–Integrated Science Program. The project research consists of several interdependent and complementary tasks that involve multiple disciplines.
The project research tasks in the 2014 scope of work emphasized understanding of reproductive migrations and spawning of adult pallid sturgeon and hatch and drift of larvae. These tasks were addressed in three hydrologically and geomorphologically distinct parts of the Missouri River Basin: the Lower Missouri River downstream from Gavins Point Dam, the Upper Missouri River downstream from Fort Peck Dam and downstream reaches of the Milk River, and the Lower Yellowstone River. The project research is designed to inform management decisions related to channel re-engineering, flow modification, and pallid sturgeon population augmentation on the Missouri River and throughout the range of the species. Research and progress made through this project are reported to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers annually. This annual report details the research effort and progress made by the Comprehensive Sturgeon Research Project during 2014.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161013","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Missouri River Recovery—Integrated Science Program","usgsCitation":"DeLonay, A.J., Chojnacki, K.A., Jacobson, R.B., Braaten, P.J., Buhl, K.J., Elliott, C.M., Erwin, S.O., Faulkner, J.D.A., Candrl, J.S., Fuller, D.B., Backes, K.M., Haddix, T.M., Rugg, M.L., Wesolek, C.J., Eder, B.L., and Mestl, G.E., 2016,\nEcological requirements for pallid sturgeon reproduction and recruitment in the Missouri River—Annual report 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1013, 131 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161013.","productDescription":"xv, 131 p.","numberOfPages":"152","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065464","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318883,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1013/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":318884,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1013/ofr20161013.pdf","text":"Report","size":"24.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016–1013"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri, Montana, Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.57812499999999,\n 47.956823800497475\n ],\n [\n -107.57812499999999,\n 48.629278127969414\n ],\n [\n -104.029541015625,\n 48.629278127969414\n ],\n [\n -104.029541015625,\n 47.956823800497475\n ],\n [\n -107.57812499999999,\n 47.956823800497475\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.84423828125,\n 41.054501963290505\n ],\n [\n -97.84423828125,\n 42.956422511073335\n ],\n [\n -95.78979492187499,\n 42.956422511073335\n ],\n [\n -95.78979492187499,\n 41.054501963290505\n ],\n [\n -97.84423828125,\n 41.054501963290505\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.08441162109374,\n 38.52668162061619\n ],\n [\n -93.08441162109374,\n 39.3024245604149\n ],\n [\n -91.67816162109375,\n 39.3024245604149\n ],\n [\n -91.67816162109375,\n 38.52668162061619\n ],\n [\n -93.08441162109374,\n 38.52668162061619\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Columbia Environmental Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4200 New Haven Road
Columbia, MO 65201
Evidence indicates that competition with newly established barred owls (Strix varia) is causing rapid declines in populations of northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina), and that the longterm persistence of spotted owls may be in question without additional management intervention. A pilot study in California showed that lethal removal of barred owls in combination with habitat conservation may be able to slow or even reverse population declines of spotted owls at local scales, but it remains unknown whether similar results can be obtained in larger areas with different forest conditions and where barred owls are more abundant. In 2015, we implemented a before-after-controlimpact (BACI) experimental design on two study areas in Oregon and Washington with at least 20 years of pre-treatment demographic data on spotted owls to determine if removal of barred owls can improve population trends of spatially associated spotted owls. Here we provide an overview of our research accomplishments and preliminary results in Oregon and Washington in 2015.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161041","usgsCitation":"Wiens, J.D., Dugger, K.M., Lewicki, K.E., and Simon, D.C., 2016, Effects of experimental removal of barred owls on population demography of northern spotted owls in Washington and Oregon—2015 progress report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016-1041, 16 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161041.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-072911","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318862,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1041/ofr20161041.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1041"},{"id":318861,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1041/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.31054687499999,\n 49.023461463214126\n ],\n [\n -117.04833984375001,\n 49.023461463214126\n ],\n [\n -117.02636718749999,\n 46.31658418182218\n ],\n [\n -116.91650390625,\n 46.164614496897094\n ],\n [\n -116.89453125,\n 46.07323062540838\n ],\n [\n -117.02636718749999,\n 45.9511496866914\n ],\n [\n -116.71874999999999,\n 45.82879925192134\n ],\n [\n -116.49902343749999,\n 45.72152152227954\n ],\n [\n -116.52099609375,\n 45.537136680398596\n ],\n [\n -116.65283203124999,\n 45.30580259943578\n ],\n [\n -116.69677734375,\n 45.1510532655634\n ],\n [\n -116.8505859375,\n 44.98034238084973\n ],\n [\n -116.8505859375,\n 44.91813929958515\n ],\n [\n -117.04833984375001,\n 44.68427737181225\n ],\n [\n -117.158203125,\n 44.55916341529184\n ],\n [\n -117.20214843749999,\n 44.38669150215206\n ],\n [\n -117.158203125,\n 44.26093725039923\n ],\n [\n -116.91650390625,\n 44.213709909702054\n ],\n [\n -116.806640625,\n 44.071800467511565\n ],\n [\n -116.93847656250001,\n 43.929549935614595\n ],\n [\n -117.04833984375001,\n 43.73935207915473\n ],\n [\n -117.04833984375001,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -124.25537109375,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 42.19596877629178\n ],\n [\n -124.49707031249999,\n 42.42345651793833\n ],\n [\n -124.43115234375,\n 42.569264372193864\n ],\n [\n -124.51904296875,\n 42.68243539838623\n ],\n [\n -124.60693359374999,\n 42.81152174509788\n ],\n [\n -124.43115234375,\n 43.229195113965005\n ],\n [\n -124.51904296875,\n 43.34116005412307\n ],\n [\n -124.29931640625,\n 43.40504748787035\n ],\n [\n -124.21142578125,\n 43.73935207915473\n ],\n [\n -124.21142578125,\n 44.402391829093915\n ],\n [\n -124.12353515624999,\n 44.762336674810996\n ],\n [\n -124.01367187499999,\n 45.19752230305685\n ],\n [\n -123.99169921875,\n 45.61403741135093\n ],\n [\n -124.01367187499999,\n 45.9511496866914\n ],\n [\n -123.99169921875,\n 46.13417004624326\n ],\n [\n -124.1455078125,\n 46.240651955001695\n ],\n [\n -124.16748046874999,\n 46.66451741754235\n ],\n [\n -124.21142578125,\n 46.93526088057719\n ],\n [\n -124.25537109375,\n 47.234489635299184\n ],\n [\n -124.43115234375,\n 47.39834920035926\n ],\n [\n -124.47509765625,\n 47.635783590864854\n ],\n [\n -124.73876953125,\n 47.945786463687185\n ],\n [\n -124.73876953125,\n 48.268569112964336\n ],\n [\n -124.73876953125,\n 48.516604348867475\n ],\n [\n -124.34326171874999,\n 48.45835188280866\n ],\n [\n -123.94775390625,\n 48.268569112964336\n ],\n [\n -123.59619140625001,\n 48.25394114463431\n ],\n [\n -123.33251953125,\n 48.25394114463431\n ],\n [\n -123.1787109375,\n 48.4146186174932\n ],\n [\n -123.31054687499999,\n 48.69096039092549\n ],\n [\n -123.06884765625,\n 48.76343113791796\n ],\n [\n -123.11279296875001,\n 48.850258199721495\n ],\n [\n -123.31054687499999,\n 49.023461463214126\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
777 NW 9th St., Suite 400
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
http://fresc.usgs.gov
U.S. Geological Survey National Oil and Gas Assessments (NOGA) of Albian aged clastic reservoirs in the U.S. Gulf Coast region indicate a relatively low prospectivity for undiscovered hydrocarbon resources due to high levels of past production and exploration. Evaluation of two assessment units (AUs), (1) the Albian Clastic AU 50490125, and (2) the Updip Albian Clastic AU 50490126, were based on a geologic model incorporating consideration of source rock, thermal maturity, migration, events timing, depositional environments, reservoir rock characteristics, and production analyses built on well and field-level production histories. The Albian Clastic AU is a mature conventional hydrocarbon prospect with undiscovered accumulations probably restricted to small faulted and salt-associated structural traps that could be revealed using high resolution subsurface imaging and from targeting structures at increased drilling depths that were unproductive at shallower intervals. Mean undiscovered accumulation volumes from the probabilistic assessment are 37 million barrels of oil (MMBO), 152 billion cubic feet of gas (BCFG), and 4 million barrels of natural gas liquids (MMBNGL). Limited exploration of the Updip Albian Clastic AU reflects a paucity of hydrocarbon discoveries updip of the periphery fault zones in the northern Gulf Coastal region. Restricted migration across fault zones is a major factor behind the small discovered fields and estimation of undiscovered resources in the AU. Mean undiscovered accumulation volumes from the probabilistic assessment are 1 MMBO and 5 BCFG for the Updip Albian Clastic AU.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161026","usgsCitation":"Merrill, M.D., 2016, Geologic assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Albian clastic and updip Albian clastic assessment units, U.S. Gulf Coast region: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1026, 31 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161026.","productDescription":"Report: v, 27; Appendixes 1-2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-038743","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318712,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1026//ofr20161026.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.90 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1026"},{"id":318714,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1026/ofr20161026_appendix2.pdf","text":"Appendix 2 - 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U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
MS 956 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
http://energy.usgs.gov/
http://energy.usgs.gov/GeneralInfo/
ScienceCenters/Eastern.aspx
Understanding the distribution of coal-bearing geologic units in Antarctica provides information that can be used in sedimentary, geomorphological, paleontological, and climatological studies. This report is a digital compilation of information on Antarctica’s coal-bearing geologic units found in the literature. It is intended to be used in small-scale spatial geographic information system (GIS) investigations and as a visual aid in the discussion of Antarctica’s coal resources or in other coal-based geologic investigations. Instead of using spatially insignificant point markers to represent large coal-bearing areas, this dataset uses polygons to represent actual coal-bearing lithologic units. Specific locations of coal deposits confirmed from the literature are provided in the attribution for the coal-bearing unit polygons. Coal-sample-location data were used to confirm some reported coal-bearing geology. The age and extent of the coal deposits indicated in the literature were checked against geologic maps ranging from local scale at 1:50,000 to Antarctic continental scale at 1:5,000,000; if satisfactory, the map boundaries were used to generate the polygons for the coal-bearing localities.
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U.S. Geological Survey
Mail Stop 956
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
http://energy.usgs.gov/
The production and accessibility of geospatial information including Earth observation is changing greatly both technically and in terms of human participation. Advances in technology have changed the way that geospatial data are produced and accessed, resulting in more efficient processes and greater accessibility than ever before. Improved technology has also created opportunities for increased participation in the gathering and interpretation of data through crowdsourcing and citizen science efforts. Increased accessibility has resulted in greater participation in the use of data as prices for Government-produced data have fallen and barriers to access have been reduced.
\nThe increase in participation in the production and in the use of data, defined as data democracy for this workshop, are having great impacts on economics and more generally on society.
\nThere is also a strong drive by governments around the world, as shown by the G8 Declaration in June 2013, to make public sector information and scientific data more widely accessible. These are respectively termed “open data” and “open research data.”
\nThis report summarizes discussion at the Workshop on Assessing the Impact and Value of Open Geospatial Information held at George Washington University in Washington, D.C. in October 2014. Workshop participants examined the consequences of expanding data democracy with a focus on its socioeconomic impacts. Evaluations were presented of state-of-the-art methods to assess these socioeconomic impacts, which included position papers and remarks by discussants. The workshop included discussions about the following topics: (1) increased and expanded information sources; (2) societal impacts, including approaches to economics assessments; (3) constraints to open access, including the demands for return on investment, specifications of intellectual property rights, and privacy issues; and (4) learning from the experiences of other data-rich domains, such as environmental management, internet businesses, health, and transportation.
\nThe workshop was a working meeting with strong participant engagement, leading to recommendations for action. The meeting included five topic-driven sessions and keynote presentations. Precirculated position papers for each panel session facilitated preparation and remarks by discussants. After the position papers are updated following the discussants’ remarks, it is planned to submit them for publication.
\nThe workshop included 68 participants coming from international organizations, the U.S. public and private sectors, nongovernmental organizations, and academia. Participants included policy makers and analysts, financial analysts, economists, information scientists, geospatial practitioners, and other discipline experts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161036","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Socioeconomic Benefits Community","usgsCitation":"Pearlman, Francoise, Pearlman, Jay, Bernknopf, Richard, Coote, Andrew, Craglia, Massimo, Friedl, Lawrence, Gallo, Jason, Hertzfeld, Henry, Jolly, Claire, Macauley, Molly, Shapiro, Carl, and Smart, Alan, 2016, Assessing the socioeconomic impact and value of open geospatial information: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1036, 36 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161036.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318802,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1036/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":318803,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1036/ofr20161036.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.36 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1036"}],"otherGeospatial":"Global","contact":"U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
http://www.usgs.gov
Four commercially available ultraviolet nitrate spectrophotometric sensors were evaluated by the U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility (HIF) to determine the effects of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) on sensor accuracy. The evaluated sensors were: the Hach NITRATAX plus sc (5-millimeters (mm) path length), Hach NITRATAX plus sc (2 mm), S::CAN Spectro::lyser (5 mm), and the Satlantic SUNA V2 (5 mm). A National Institute of Standards and Technology-traceable nitrate-free sediment standard was purchased and used to create the turbid environment, and an easily made filtered tea solution was used for the CDOM test. All four sensors performed well in the test that evaluated the effect of suspended sediment on accuracy. The Hach 5 mm, Hach 2 mm, and the SUNA V2 met their respective manufacturer accuracy specifications up to concentrations of 4,500 milligrams per liter (mg/L) SSC. The S::CAN failed to meet its accuracy specifications when the SSC concentrations exceeded 4,000 mg/L. Test results from the effect of CDOM on accuracy indicated a significant skewing of data from all four sensors and showed an artificial elevation of measured nitrate to varying amounts. Of the four sensors tested, the Satlantic SUNA V2’s accuracy was affected the least in the CDOM test. The nitrate concentration measured by the SUNA V2 was approximately 24 percent higher than the actual concentration when estimated total organic carbon values exceeded 44 mg/L. Measured nitrate concentration falsely increased 49 percent when measured by the Hach 5 mm, and 75 percent when measured by the Hach 2 mm. The S::CAN’s reported nitrate concentration increased 96 percent. Path length plays an important role in the sensor’s ability to compensate measurements for matrix interferences, but does not solely determine how well a sensor can handle all interferences. The sensor’s proprietary algorithms also play a key role in matrix interference compensation. The sensors’ ability to compensate for CDOM varied significantly during the tests, even among the three with 5-mm path lengths. Results of this evaluation suggest that the proprietary algorithms of the nitrate analyzers are more effective compensating for suspended sediment, and less effective compensating for CDOM (color) when sensor path length remains constant.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161014","usgsCitation":"Snazelle, T.T., 2016, The effect of suspended sediment and color on ultraviolet spectrophotometric nitrate sensors: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, 2016−1014, 10 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161014.","productDescription":"Report: v,10 p.; Tables: 2-4","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-064543","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318658,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1014/ofr20161014.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.60 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1014"},{"id":318676,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1014/table/ofr20161014_table4.xlsx","text":"Table 4 - Nitrate measurements by four ultraviolet sensors in water with a 5-mg-NL concentration with varying concentrations ofChief, Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility
U.S. Geological Survey
Building 2101
Stennis Space Center, MS 39529
http://water.usgs.gov/hif/
An increase of groundwater withdrawals from the surficial aquifer system on Jekyll Island, Georgia, prompted an investigation of hydrologic conditions and water quality by the U.S. Geological Survey during October 2012 through December 2013. The study demonstrated the importance of rainfall as the island’s main source of recharge to maintain freshwater resources by replenishing the water table from the effects of hydrologic stresses, primarily evapotranspiration and pumping. Groundwater-flow directions, recharge, and water quality of the water-table zone on the island were investigated by installing 26 shallow wells and three pond staff gages to monitor groundwater levels and water quality in the water-table zone. Climatic data from Brunswick, Georgia, were used to calculate potential maximum recharge to the water-table zone on Jekyll Island. A weather station located on the island provided only precipitation data. Additional meteorological data from the island would enhance potential evapotranspiration estimates for recharge calculations.
\nGroundwater levels and specific-conductance measurements showed the dependence of freshwater resources on rainfall to recharge the water-table zone of the surficial aquifer system and to influence groundwater flow on Jekyll Island. The unseasonably dry conditions during November 2012 to April 2013 induced saline water infiltration to the water-table zone from the marshland separating the Jekyll River from the island. A strong correlation (R2 = 0.97) of specific conductance to chloride concentration in water samples from wells installed in the water-table zone provided support for the determination of seasonal directions of groundwater flow by confirming salinity changes in the water-table zone. Unseasonably wet conditions during the late spring to August caused groundwater-flow reversals in some areas. The high dependence of the water-table zone in the surficial aquifer system on precipitation to replenish the aquifer with freshwater underscored the importance of monitoring groundwater levels, water quality, and water use to identify aquifer-discharge conditions that have the potential to promote seawater encroachment and degrade freshwater resources on Jekyll Island.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161017","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Jekyll Island Authority","usgsCitation":"Gordon, D.W., and Torak, L.J., 2016, Hydrologic conditions, recharge, and baseline water quality of the surficial aquifer system at Jekyll Island, Georgia, 2012–13: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1017, 34 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161017.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 34 p.; Appendixes: 1-3","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055404","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318637,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1017/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":318641,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1017/ofr20161017_appendix3.xlsx","text":"Appendix 3. Groundwater-Level Measurements Made onDirector, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Columbia, SC 29210
http://www.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/
In a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) study, recovery-factor estimates were calculated by using a publicly available reservoir simulator (CO2 Prophet) to estimate how much oil might be recovered with the application of a miscible carbon dioxide (CO2) enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method to technically screened oil reservoirs located in onshore and State offshore areas in the conterminous United States. A recovery factor represents the percentage of an oil reservoir’s original oil in place estimated to be recoverable by the application of a miscible CO2-EOR method. The USGS estimates were calculated for 2,018 clastic and 1,681 carbonate candidate reservoirs in the “Significant Oil and Gas Fields of the United States Database” prepared by Nehring Associates, Inc. (2012).
\nThis report presents distributions of estimated recovery factors organized by plays in seven U.S. regions. The distributional parameters for plays containing at least three candidate reservoirs are presented in tables, and parameters for plays containing at least six candidate reservoirs are presented in boxplots. Over all the reservoirs evaluated, 90 percent of the recovery-factor estimates for clastic reservoirs fell within the range from 8.7 to 16.2 percent, and the median value of the distribution was 9.5 percent. Similarly, 90 percent of the recovery-factor estimates for carbonate reservoirs were within the range from 11.8 to 27.5 percent, and the median value of the distribution was 13.6 percent. Both distributions were right skewed.
\nThe retention factor is the percentage of injected CO2 that is naturally retained in the reservoir. Retention factors were also estimated in this study. For clastic reservoirs, 90 percent of the estimated retention factors were between 21.7 and 32.1 percent, and for carbonate reservoirs, 90 percent were between 23.7 and 38.2 percent. The respective median values were 22.9 for clastic reservoirs and 26.1 for carbonate reservoirs. Both distributions were right skewed. The recovery and retention factors that were calculated are consistent with the corresponding factors reported in the literature.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151239","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E.D., and Freeman, P.A., 2016, Play-level distributions of estimates of recovery factors for a miscible carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery method used in oil reservoirs in the conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1239, 36 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151239.","productDescription":"vii, 36 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-067608","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318493,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1239/ofr20151239.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.13 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 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\"}}]}\n","contact":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
MS 956 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
http://energy.usgs.gov/GeneralInfo/
ScienceCenters/Eastern.aspx
The Navajo (N) aquifer is an extensive aquifer and the primary source of groundwater in the 5,400-square-mile Black Mesa area in northeastern Arizona. Availability of water is an important issue in northeastern Arizona because of continued water requirements for industrial and municipal use by a growing population and because of low precipitation in the arid climate of the Black Mesa area. Precipitation in the area typically is between 6 and 14 inches per year.
The U.S. Geological Survey water-monitoring program in the Black Mesa area began in 1971 and provides information about the long-term effects of groundwater withdrawals from the N aquifer for industrial and municipal uses. This report presents results of data collected as part of the monitoring program in the Black Mesa area from January 2012 to September 2013. The monitoring program includes measurements of (1) groundwater withdrawals, (2) groundwater levels, (3) spring discharge, (4) surface-water discharge, and (5) groundwater chemistry.
In calendar year 2012, total groundwater withdrawals were 4,010 acre-ft, industrial withdrawals were 1,370 acre-ft, and municipal withdrawals were 2,640 acre-ft. Total withdrawals during 2012 were about 45 percent less than total withdrawals in 2005 because of Peabody Western Coal Company’s discontinued use of water to transport coal in a coal slurry pipeline. From 2011 to 2012 total withdrawals decreased by 10 percent; industrial withdrawals decreased by approximately 1 percent, and total municipal withdrawals decreased by 15 percent.
From 2012 to 2013, annually measured water levels in the Black Mesa area declined in 6 of 16 wells that were available for comparison in the unconfined areas of the N aquifer, and the median change was 0.8 feet. Water levels declined in 5 of 16 wells measured in the confined area of the aquifer. The median change for the confined area of the aquifer was 0.3 feet. From the prestress period (prior to 1965) to 2013, the median water-level change for 34 wells in both the confined and unconfined areas was -13.5 feet; the median water-level changes were -0.8 feet for 16 wells measured in the unconfined areas and -51.0 feet for 16 wells measured in the confined area.
Spring flow was measured at four springs in 2013; Burro, Unnamed Spring near Dennehotso, Moenkopi School, and Pasture Canyon Springs. Flow fluctuated during the period of record for Burro and Unnamed Springs near Dennehotso, but a decreasing trend was apparent at Moenkopi School Spring and Pasture Canyon Spring. Discharge at Burro Spring has remained relatively constant since it was first measured in the 1980s and discharge at Unnamed Spring near Dennehotso has fluctuated for the period of record at each spring. Trend analysis for discharge at Moenkopi School and Pasture Canyon Springs showed a decreasing trend.
Continuous records of surface-water discharge in the Black Mesa area were collected from streamflow-gaging stations at the following sites: Moenkopi Wash at Moenkopi 09401260 (1976 to 2013), Dinnebito Wash near Sand Springs 09401110 (1993 to 2013), Polacca Wash near Second Mesa 09400568 (1994 to 2013), and Pasture Canyon Springs 09401265 (2004 to 2013). Median winter flows (November through February) from these sites for each water year were used as an index of the amount of groundwater discharge. For the period of record of each streamflow-gaging station, the median winter flows have generally remained constant, which suggests no change in groundwater discharge.
In 2013, water samples collected from 12 wells and 4 springs in the Black Mesa area were analyzed for selected chemical constituents, and the results were compared with previous analyses. Concentrations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate have varied at all 12 wells for the period of record, but neither increasing nor decreasing trends over time were found. Dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate concentrations increased at Moenkopi School Spring during the more than 13 years of record at that site. Concentrations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate at Pasture Canyon Spring have not varied significantly since the early 1980s. Concentrations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate at Burro Spring and Unnamed Spring near Dennehotso have varied for the period of record with no increasing or decreasing trend in the data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151221","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Arizona Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Macy, J.P., and Truini, Margot, 2016, Groundwater, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona—2012–2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1221, 43 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151221.","productDescription":"vi, 43 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","ipdsId":"IP-059312","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318423,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1221/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":318424,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1221/ofr20151221.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1221 PDF"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Black Mesa Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.3,\n 35.3\n ],\n [\n -111.3,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -109.3,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -109.3,\n 35.3\n ],\n [\n -111.3,\n 35.3\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Arizona Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
520 N. Park Avenue
Tucson, AZ 85719
http://az.water.usgs.gov/
We describe high-resolution gravity and seismic refraction surveys acquired to determine the thickness of valley-fill deposits and to delineate geologic structures that might influence groundwater flow beneath the Smoke Tree Wash area in Joshua Tree National Park. These surveys identified a sedimentary basin that is fault-controlled. A profile across the Smoke Tree Wash fault zone reveals low gravity values and seismic velocities that coincide with a mapped strand of the Smoke Tree Wash fault. Modeling of the gravity data reveals a basin about 2–2.5 km long and 1 km wide that is roughly centered on this mapped strand, and bounded by inferred faults. According to the gravity model the deepest part of the basin is about 270 m, but this area coincides with low velocities that are not characteristic of typical basement complex rocks. Most likely, the density contrast assumed in the inversion is too high or the uncharacteristically low velocities represent highly fractured or weathered basement rocks, or both. A longer seismic profile extending onto basement outcrops would help differentiate which scenario is more accurate. The seismic velocities also determine the depth to water table along the profile to be about 40–60 m, consistent with water levels measured in water wells near the northern end of the profile.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161027","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V.E., Rymer, M.J., Catchings, R.D., Goldman, M.R., Watt, J.T., Powell, R.E., and Matti, J.C., 2016, High-resolution gravity and seismic-refraction surveys of the Smoke Tree Wash Area, Joshua Tree National Park, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1027, 15 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161027.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 15 p.; Dataset; Metadata; Read Me","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-070548","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318441,"rank":4,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1027/ofr20161027_readme.txt","size":"4 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":318440,"rank":3,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1027/ofr20161027_metadata.txt","size":"10 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":318439,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1027/ofr20161027.pdf","text":"Report","size":"700 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1027 Report PDF"},{"id":318438,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1027/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":318442,"rank":5,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1027/ofr20161027_iso_all.txt","text":"Gravity Data","size":"11 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Joshua Tree National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.8745,\n 33.7498\n ],\n [\n -115.8745,\n 33.8402\n ],\n [\n -115.7667,\n 33.8402\n ],\n [\n -115.7667,\n 33.7498\n ],\n [\n -115.8745,\n 33.7498\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"GMEG staff, Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center
Menlo Park, California
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/gmeg/