{"pageNumber":"550","pageRowStart":"13725","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40783,"records":[{"id":70144678,"text":"70144678 - 2015 - Simulating the effect of climate change on stream temperature in the Trout Lake Watershed, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-31T10:00:55","indexId":"70144678","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-31T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating the effect of climate change on stream temperature in the Trout Lake Watershed, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"

The potential for increases in stream temperature across many spatial and temporal scales as a result of climate change can pose a difficult challenge for environmental managers, especially when addressing thermal requirements for sensitive aquatic species. This study evaluates simulated changes to the thermal regime of three northern Wisconsin streams in response to a projected changing climate using a modeling framework and considers implications of thermal stresses to the fish community. The Stream Network Temperature Model (SNTEMP) was used in combination with a coupled groundwater and surface water flow model to assess forecasts in climate from six global circulation models and three emission scenarios. Model results suggest that annual average stream temperature will steadily increase approximately 1.1 to 3.2 °C (varying by stream) by the year 2100 with differences in magnitude between emission scenarios. Daily mean stream temperature during the months of July and August, a period when cold-water fish communities are most sensitive, showed excursions from optimal temperatures with increased frequency compared to current conditions. Projections of daily mean stream temperature, in some cases, were no longer in the range necessary to sustain a cold water fishery.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.072","usgsCitation":"Selbig, W.R., 2015, Simulating the effect of climate change on stream temperature in the Trout Lake Watershed, Wisconsin: Science of the Total Environment, v. 511-522, p. 11-18, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.072.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062837","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299187,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Trout Lake watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.73770141601562,\n 45.96833360206372\n ],\n [\n -89.73770141601562,\n 46.127508077954246\n ],\n [\n -89.5111083984375,\n 46.127508077954246\n ],\n [\n -89.5111083984375,\n 45.96833360206372\n ],\n [\n -89.73770141601562,\n 45.96833360206372\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"511-522","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551bb71ce4b0323842783a2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Selbig, William R. 0000-0003-1403-8280 wrselbig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1403-8280","contributorId":877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selbig","given":"William","email":"wrselbig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70157089,"text":"70157089 - 2015 - Soil nutrient budgets following projected corn stover harvest for biofuel production in the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T10:04:08","indexId":"70157089","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1718,"text":"GCB Bioenergy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil nutrient budgets following projected corn stover harvest for biofuel production in the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"

Increasing demand for food and biofuel feedstocks may substantially affect soil nutrient budgets, especially in the United States where there is great potential for corn (Zea mays L) stover as a biofuel feedstock. This study was designed to evaluate impacts of projected stover harvest scenarios on budgets of soil nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) currently and in the future across the conterminous United States. The required and removed N, P, and K amounts under each scenario were estimated on the basis of both their average contents in grain and stover and from an empirical model. Our analyses indicate a small depletion of soil N (−4 ± 35 kg ha−1) and K (−6 ± 36 kg ha−1) and a moderate surplus of P (37 ± 21 kg ha−1) currently on the national average, but with a noticeable variation from state to state. After harvesting both grain and projected stover, the deficits of soil N, P, and K were estimated at 114–127, 26–27, and 36–53 kg ha−1 yr−1, respectively, in 2006–2010; 131–173, 29–32, and 41–96 kg ha−1 yr−1, respectively, in 2020; and 161–207, 35–39, and 51–111 kg ha−1 yr−1, respectively, in 2050. This study indicates that the harvestable stover amount derived from the minimum stover requirement for maintaining soil organic carbon level scenarios under current fertilization rates can be sustainable for soil nutrient supply and corn production at present, but the deficit of P and K at the national scale would become larger in the future.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.12139","usgsCitation":"Tan, Z., and Liu, S., 2015, Soil nutrient budgets following projected corn stover harvest for biofuel production in the conterminous United States: GCB Bioenergy, v. 7, no. 2, p. 175-183, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12139.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"183","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050891","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12139","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307950,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": 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ztan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4136-0921","contributorId":2945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tan","given":"Zhengxi","email":"ztan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Shuguang 0000-0002-6027-3479 sliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3479","contributorId":147403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shuguang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70144438,"text":"70144438 - 2015 - Variables and potential models for the bleaching of luminescence signals in fluvial environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-30T14:29:49","indexId":"70144438","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-30T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variables and potential models for the bleaching of luminescence signals in fluvial environments","docAbstract":"

Luminescence dating of fluvial sediments rests on the assumption that sufficient sunlight is available to remove a previously obtained signal in a process deemed bleaching. However, luminescence signals obtained from sediment in the active channels of rivers often contain residual signals. This paper explores and attempts to build theoretical models for the bleaching of luminescence signals in fluvial settings. We present two models, one for sediment transported in an episodic manner, such as flood-driven washes in arid environments, and one for sediment transported in a continuous manner, such as in large continental scale rivers. The episodic flow model assumes that the majority of sediment is bleached while exposed to sunlight at the near surface between flood events and predicts a power-law decay in luminescence signal with downstream transport distance. The continuous flow model is developed by combining the Beer–Lambert law for the attenuation of light through a water column with a general-order kinetics equation to produce an equation with the form of a double negative exponential. The inflection point of this equation is compared with the sediment concentration from a Rouse profile to derive a non-dimensional number capable of assessing the likely extent of bleaching for a given set of luminescence and fluvial parameters. Although these models are theoretically based and not yet necessarily applicable to real-world fluvial systems, we introduce these ideas to stimulate discussion and encourage the development of comprehensive bleaching models with predictive power.

","conferenceTitle":"9th New World Luminescence Dating Workshop","conferenceDate":"August 16-18, 2013","conferenceLocation":"Logan, UT","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2014.11.007","usgsCitation":"Gray, H.J., and Mahan, S., 2015, Variables and potential models for the bleaching of luminescence signals in fluvial environments: Quaternary International, v. 362, p. 42-49, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.11.007.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"42","endPage":"49","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054895","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299144,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"362","edition":"362","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551a65bbe4b032384278347a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, Harrison J. 0000-0002-4555-7473 hgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4555-7473","contributorId":4991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Harrison","email":"hgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":1215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70144439,"text":"70144439 - 2015 - Impacts of climate change on the formation and stability of late Quaternary sand sheets and falling dunes, Black Mesa region, southern Colorado Plateau, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-30T14:26:25","indexId":"70144439","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-30T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of climate change on the formation and stability of late Quaternary sand sheets and falling dunes, Black Mesa region, southern Colorado Plateau, USA","docAbstract":"

Detailed geomorphic mapping and analysis of soil-stratigraphy and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of eolian sand dunes on Black Mesa, Arizona, reveal eolian sediment deposition occurred from 30 to 16 ka, followed by a period of widespread dune stabilization from 12 to 8 ka. Localized reactivation of the previously stabilized dune forms or local changes in sediment supply have occurred in the middle to late Holocene in this region. Cooler, wetter, and more variable climatic conditions during MIS 3 and 2 led to increased channel and floodplain sediment supply. Eolian sediment derived from these sources was transported up to 60 km. Deposition of this material has reduced regional topographic roughness by filling tributary canyon ‘traps’ oriented perpendicular to the dominant wind and sediment transport direction. Topographically controlled falling dunes and sand ramps in this region are preserved because of their geomorphic position and provide evidence of the paleoenvironmental state of the fluvial and eolian systems before, during, and immediately after the last glacial maximum on the southern Colorado Plateau.

\n

Widely used predictive models of eolian system dynamics are typically based entirely on climatic variables and do not account for landscape complexity and geomorphic history. Climate-only assumptions fail to give accurate predictions of the dynamics of this and many other dune fields. A growing body of work suggests that eolian deposits in wind-driven semiarid climates may be more strongly related to increases in sediment supply than to increases in aridity.

","conferenceTitle":"9th New World Luminescence Dating Workshop","conferenceDate":"August 16-18, 2013","conferenceLocation":"Logan, UT","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2014.10.015","usgsCitation":"Ellwein, A.L., Mahan, S., and McFadden, L.D., 2015, Impacts of climate change on the formation and stability of late Quaternary sand sheets and falling dunes, Black Mesa region, southern Colorado Plateau, USA: Quaternary International, v. 362, p. 87-107, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.10.015.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"107","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053887","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299143,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Black Mesa, Colorado Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.269775390625,\n 36.79169061907076\n ],\n [\n -109.522705078125,\n 36.27085020723905\n ],\n [\n -110.9344482421875,\n 35.15135442846945\n ],\n [\n -111.741943359375,\n 35.88905007936091\n ],\n [\n -110.5609130859375,\n 36.79169061907076\n ],\n [\n -110.269775390625,\n 36.79169061907076\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"362","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551a65aee4b032384278342d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellwein, Amy L.","contributorId":35916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellwein","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":1215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McFadden, Leslie D.","contributorId":139971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McFadden","given":"Leslie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13339,"text":"University of New Mexico, Albuquerque","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70144376,"text":"70144376 - 2015 - Integrating gene transcription-based biomarkers to understand desert tortoise and ecosystem health","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-09T10:28:22","indexId":"70144376","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-30T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1443,"text":"EcoHealth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating gene transcription-based biomarkers to understand desert tortoise and ecosystem health","docAbstract":"

Tortoises are susceptible to a wide variety of environmental stressors, and the influence of human disturbances on health and survival of tortoises is difficult to detect. As an addition to current diagnostic methods for desert tortoises, we have developed the first leukocyte gene transcription biomarker panel for the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii), enhancing the ability to identify specific environmental conditions potentially linked to declining animal health. Blood leukocyte transcript profiles have the potential to identify physiologically stressed animals in lieu of clinical signs. For desert tortoises, the gene transcript profile included a combination of immune or detoxification response genes with the potential to be modified by biological or physical injury and consequently provide information on the type and magnitude of stressors present in the animal’s habitat. Blood from 64 wild adult tortoises at three sites in Clark County, NV, and San Bernardino, CA, and from 19 captive tortoises in Clark County, NV, was collected and evaluated for genes indicative of physiological status. Statistical analysis using a priori groupings indicated significant differences among groups for several genes, while multidimensional scaling and cluster analyses of transcriptionC T values indicated strong differentiation of a large cluster and multiple outlying individual tortoises or small clusters in multidimensional space. These analyses highlight the effectiveness of the gene panel at detecting environmental perturbations as well as providing guidance in determining the health of the desert tortoise.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10393-014-0998-8","usgsCitation":"Bowen, L., Miles, A.K., Drake, K.K., Waters-Dynes, S.C., Esque, T., and Nussear, K.E., 2015, Integrating gene transcription-based biomarkers to understand desert tortoise and ecosystem health: EcoHealth, v. 12, no. 3, p. 501-512, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-014-0998-8.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"501","endPage":"512","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061776","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299127,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","county":"Clark County, San Bernardino County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.7137451171875,\n 35.07046911981966\n ],\n [\n -115.27954101562499,\n 35.516578738902936\n ],\n [\n -115.24658203125,\n 35.831174956246535\n ],\n [\n -115.17791748046875,\n 35.92464453144099\n ],\n [\n -115.059814453125,\n 35.79553849799263\n ],\n [\n -114.97192382812499,\n 35.69187929931617\n ],\n [\n -114.71923828124999,\n 35.68184060244453\n ],\n [\n -114.7137451171875,\n 35.07046911981966\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.08541870117188,\n 35.12777117397315\n ],\n [\n -117.08541870117188,\n 35.62716331859532\n ],\n [\n -116.1639404296875,\n 35.62716331859532\n ],\n [\n -116.1639404296875,\n 35.12777117397315\n ],\n [\n -117.08541870117188,\n 35.12777117397315\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551a65afe4b0323842783432","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowen, Lizabeth 0000-0001-9115-4336 lbowen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9115-4336","contributorId":4539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Lizabeth","email":"lbowen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miles, A. 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Kristina 0000-0003-0711-7634 kdrake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0711-7634","contributorId":3799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"K.","email":"kdrake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kristina","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waters-Dynes, Shannon C. 0000-0002-9707-4684 swaters@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9707-4684","contributorId":5826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waters-Dynes","given":"Shannon","email":"swaters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Esque, Todd C. tesque@usgs.gov","contributorId":139953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd C.","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nussear, Kenneth E. knussear@usgs.gov","contributorId":2695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nussear","given":"Kenneth","email":"knussear@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70145960,"text":"70145960 - 2015 - Mark-recapture and mark-resight methods for estimating abundance with remote cameras: a carnivore case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-10T15:25:22","indexId":"70145960","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mark-recapture and mark-resight methods for estimating abundance with remote cameras: a carnivore case study","docAbstract":"

Abundance estimation of carnivore populations is difficult and has prompted the use of non-invasive detection methods, such as remotely-triggered cameras, to collect data. To analyze photo data, studies focusing on carnivores with unique pelage patterns have utilized a mark-recapture framework and studies of carnivores without unique pelage patterns have used a mark-resight framework. We compared mark-resight and mark-recapture estimation methods to estimate bobcat (Lynx rufus) population sizes, which motivated the development of a new \"hybrid\" mark-resight model as an alternative to traditional methods. We deployed a sampling grid of 30 cameras throughout the urban southern California study area. Additionally, we physically captured and marked a subset of the bobcat population with GPS telemetry collars. Since we could identify individual bobcats with photos of unique pelage patterns and a subset of the population was physically marked, we were able to use traditional mark-recapture and mark-resight methods, as well as the new “hybrid” mark-resight model we developed to estimate bobcat abundance. We recorded 109 bobcat photos during 4,669 camera nights and physically marked 27 bobcats with GPS telemetry collars. Abundance estimates produced by the traditional mark-recapture, traditional mark-resight, and “hybrid” mark-resight methods were similar, however precision differed depending on the models used. Traditional mark-recapture and mark-resight estimates were relatively imprecise with percent confidence interval lengths exceeding 100% of point estimates. Hybrid mark-resight models produced better precision with percent confidence intervals not exceeding 57%. The increased precision of the hybrid mark-resight method stems from utilizing the complete encounter histories of physically marked individuals (including those never detected by a camera trap) and the encounter histories of naturally marked individuals detected at camera traps. This new estimator may be particularly useful for estimating abundance of uniquely identifiable species that are difficult to sample using camera traps alone.

","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0123032","usgsCitation":"Alanso, R.S., McClintock, B.T., Lyren, L.M., Boydston, E.E., and Crooks, K.R., 2015, Mark-recapture and mark-resight methods for estimating abundance with remote cameras: a carnivore case study: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 3, e0123032; 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123032.","productDescription":"e0123032; 13 p.","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043232","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472397,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123032","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299591,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Orange County","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Hills","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.88604736328124,\n 33.48070852506531\n ],\n [\n -117.88604736328124,\n 33.63005717508159\n ],\n [\n -117.72193908691406,\n 33.63005717508159\n ],\n [\n -117.72193908691406,\n 33.48070852506531\n ],\n [\n -117.88604736328124,\n 33.48070852506531\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5528f44ce4b026915857cb27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alanso, Robert S.","contributorId":140158,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alanso","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6737,"text":"Colorado State University, Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, and Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McClintock, Brett T. 0000-0001-6154-4376","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6154-4376","contributorId":83785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClintock","given":"Brett","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":12448,"text":"U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lyren, Lisa M. llyren@usgs.gov","contributorId":2398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyren","given":"Lisa","email":"llyren@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boydston, Erin E. 0000-0002-8452-835X eboydston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8452-835X","contributorId":1705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boydston","given":"Erin","email":"eboydston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crooks, Kevin R.","contributorId":51137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crooks","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70162208,"text":"70162208 - 2015 - Citizen science contributes to our knowledge of invasive plant species distributions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-20T13:13:41","indexId":"70162208","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-28T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Citizen science contributes to our knowledge of invasive plant species distributions","docAbstract":"

Citizen science is commonly cited as an effective approach to expand the scale of invasive species data collection and monitoring. However, researchers often hesitate to use these data due to concerns over data quality. In light of recent research on the quality of data collected by volunteers, we aimed to demonstrate the extent to which citizen science data can increase sampling coverage, fill gaps in species distributions, and improve habitat suitability models compared to professionally generated data sets used in isolation. We combined data sets from professionals and volunteers for five invasive plant species (Alliaria petiolata, Berberis thunbergii, Cirsium palustre, Pastinaca sativa, Polygonum cuspidatum) in portions of Wisconsin. Volunteers sampled counties not sampled by professionals for three of the five species. Volunteers also added presence locations within counties not included in professional data sets, especially in southern portions of the state where professional monitoring activities had been minimal. Volunteers made a significant contribution to the known distribution, environmental gradients sampled, and the habitat suitability of P. cuspidatum. Models generated with professional data sets for the other four species performed reasonably well according to AUC values (>0.76). The addition of volunteer data did not greatly change model performance (AUC > 0.79) but did change the suitability surface generated by the models, making them more realistic. Our findings underscore the need to merge data from multiple sources to improve knowledge of current species distributions, and to predict their movement under present and future environmental conditions. The efficiency and success of these approaches require that monitoring efforts involve multiple stakeholders in continuous collaboration via established monitoring networks.

","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht","doi":"10.1007/s10530-015-0885-4","usgsCitation":"Crall, A.W., Jarnevich, C.S., Young, N.E., Panke, B., Renz, M., and Stohlgren, T., 2015, Citizen science contributes to our knowledge of invasive plant species distributions: Biological Invasions, v. 17, no. 8, p. 2415-2427, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-015-0885-4.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2415","endPage":"2427","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064446","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314531,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n 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Management of riparian plant invasions across the landscape requires understanding the combined influence of climate, hydrology, geologic constraints and patterns of introduction. We measured abundance of nine riparian woody taxa at 456 stream gages across the western USA. We constructed conditional inference recursive binary partitioning models to discriminate the influence of eleven environmental variables on plant occurrence and abundance, focusing on the two most abundant non-native taxa, Tamarix spp. and Elaeagnus angustifolia, and their native competitor Populus deltoides. River reaches in this study were distributed along a composite gradient from cooler, wetter higher-elevation reaches with higher stream power and earlier snowmelt flood peaks to warmer, drier lower-elevation reaches with lower power and later peaks. Plant distributions were strongly related to climate, hydrologic and geomorphic factors, and introduction history. The strongest associations were with temperature and then precipitation. Among hydrologic and geomorphic variables, stream power, peak flow timing and 10-yr flood magnitude had stronger associations than did peak flow predictability, low-flow magnitude, mean annual flow and channel confinement. Nearby intentional planting of Elaeagnus was the best predictor of its occurrence, but planting of Tamarix was rare. Higher temperatures were associated with greater abundance of Tamarix relative to P. deltoides, and greater abundance of P. deltoides relative toElaeagnus. Populus deltoides abundance was more strongly related to peak flow timing than was that of Elaeagnus or Tamarix. Higher stream power and larger 10-yr floods were associated with greater abundance of P. deltoides and Tamarix relative to Elaeagnus. Therefore, increases in temperature could increase abundance of Tamarix and decrease that of Elaeagnus relative to P. deltoides, changes in peak flow timing caused by climate change or dam operations could increase abundance of both invasive taxa, and dam-induced reductions in flood peaks could increase abundance of Elaeagnus relative to Tamarix and P. deltoides.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc.","publisherLocation":"Malden, MA","doi":"10.1111/ecog.01285","collaboration":"Ryan McShane, Colorado State University; Daniel Auerbach, Colorado State University; Leroy Poff, Colorado State University; Michael Merigliano University of Montana","usgsCitation":"McShane, R., Auerbach, D., Friedman, J.M., Auble, G.T., Shafroth, P.B., Merigliano, M., Scott, M.L., and Poff, N.L., 2015, Distribution of invasive and native riparian woody plants across the western USA in relation to climate, river flow, floodplain geometry and patterns of introduction: Ecography, v. 38, no. 12, p. 1254-1265, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.01285.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1254","endPage":"1265","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061191","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312541,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, Nevada, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.4375,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -98.26171875,\n 29.305561325527698\n ],\n [\n -101.162109375,\n 29.458731185355344\n ],\n [\n -101.689453125,\n 29.80251790576445\n ],\n [\n -102.65625,\n 29.878755346037977\n ],\n [\n -104.80957031249999,\n 30.221101852485987\n ],\n [\n -105.2490234375,\n 30.90222470517144\n ],\n [\n -106.3037109375,\n 31.57853542647338\n ],\n [\n -106.962890625,\n 31.80289258670676\n ],\n [\n -108.369140625,\n 31.80289258670676\n ],\n [\n -108.369140625,\n 31.42866311735861\n ],\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 31.353636941500987\n ],\n [\n -115.09277343749999,\n 32.509761735919426\n ],\n [\n -114.9169921875,\n 32.76880048488168\n ],\n [\n -117.20214843749999,\n 32.509761735919426\n ],\n [\n -117.7734375,\n 33.211116472416855\n ],\n [\n -118.21289062499999,\n 33.46810795527896\n ],\n [\n -118.91601562499999,\n 33.50475906922606\n ],\n [\n -119.5751953125,\n 33.7243396617476\n ],\n [\n -120.673828125,\n 34.016241889667015\n ],\n [\n -121.1572265625,\n 34.813803317113155\n ],\n [\n -121.4208984375,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -122.16796875,\n 36.20882309283712\n ],\n [\n -122.25585937500001,\n 36.77409249464195\n ],\n [\n -123.26660156249999,\n 37.68382032669382\n ],\n [\n -123.6181640625,\n 38.41055825094609\n ],\n [\n -124.365234375,\n 39.26628442213066\n ],\n [\n -124.23339843749999,\n 39.740986355883564\n ],\n [\n -124.67285156250001,\n 40.74725696280421\n ],\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 41.11246878918086\n ],\n [\n -124.62890625,\n 41.86956082699455\n ],\n [\n -124.892578125,\n 42.81152174509788\n ],\n [\n -124.49707031249999,\n 44.213709909702054\n ],\n [\n -124.3212890625,\n 46.07323062540838\n ],\n [\n -124.76074218749999,\n 47.2195681123155\n ],\n [\n -125.1123046875,\n 47.90161354142075\n ],\n [\n -124.0576171875,\n 48.31242790407178\n ],\n [\n -123.26660156249999,\n 48.45835188280866\n ],\n [\n -123.26660156249999,\n 49.06666839558117\n ],\n [\n -98.4375,\n 49.009050809382046\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56753c3ae4b0da412f4f8bcb","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/ecog.01285","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecog.01285","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"McShane Ryan R., Auerbach Daniel A., Friedman Jonathan M., Auble Gregor T., Shafroth Patrick B., Merigliano Michael F., Scott Michael L., Poff N. 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The primary volcano hazard in Alaska is airborne ash, which endangers aircraft flying the busy North Pacific air routes and consequently affects global commerce. Downwind ashfall is also a significant threat to commerce, transportation and day-to-day activities in nearby Alaska communities. A web-enabled database, \"Is Ash Falling?\" has been developed to collect ashfall observations and encourage sample collections from the public during eruptions, enabling volcano observatory staff to concentrate on eruption response. Knowing the locations of filed ashfall reports improves public ashfall warnings and forecasts by providing on-the-ground checks for ash dispersion and fallout computer models and satellite imagery interpretation. Reports of ashfall are shared with emergency management agencies and the wider public. These reports also give scientists a more complete record of the amount, duration and other conditions of ashfall.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/s13617-014-0022-6","usgsCitation":"Wallace, K.L., Snedigar, S., and Cameron, C., 2015, 'Is Ash Falling?', an online ashfall reporting tool in support of improved ashfall warnings and investigations of ashfall processes: Journal of Applied Volcanology, v. 4, no. 1, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s13617-014-0022-6.","productDescription":"10 p.","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057267","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13617-014-0022-6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299111,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55167117e4b0323842781acc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallace, Kristi L. 0000-0002-0962-048X kwallace@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0962-048X","contributorId":3454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Kristi","email":"kwallace@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snedigar, Seth","contributorId":139952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snedigar","given":"Seth","affiliations":[{"id":13214,"text":"State of Alaska, Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cameron, Cheryl","contributorId":139951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cameron","given":"Cheryl","affiliations":[{"id":13214,"text":"State of Alaska, Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70134783,"text":"ofr20141250 - 2015 - Proceedings of the 9th U.S.-Japan natural resources panel for earthquake research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-30T10:16:16","indexId":"ofr20141250","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-27T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1250","title":"Proceedings of the 9th U.S.-Japan natural resources panel for earthquake research","docAbstract":"
Introduction
\n

The UJNR Panel on Earthquake Research promotes advanced study toward a more fundamental understanding of the earthquake process and hazard estimation. The Ninth Joint meeting was extremely beneficial in furthering cooperation and deepening understanding of problems common to both the U.S. and Japan. The meeting included productive exchanges of information on approaches to systematic observation and modeling of earthquake processes. Regarding the earthquake and tsunami of March 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku, the Panel recognizes that further efforts are necessary to achieve our common goal of reducing earthquake risk through close collaboration and focused discussions at the 10th UJNR meeting. We look forward to continued cooperation on issues involving the densification of observation networks and the open exchange of data among scientific communities. We recognize the importance of making information publicly available in a timely manner. We also recognize the importance of information exchange on research policy and strategies, including the frameworks of research organizations.

\n
Areas of Cooperation
\n

–Specific areas of earthquake research where cooperative research between the U.S. and Japan may lead to significant advancement include, but are not limited to:

\n

–Probabilistic earthquake and tsunami hazard estimation, including extraordinarily large earthquakes, both in our respective countries and worldwide, incorporating knowledge of current and past behavior, and physics based computational models;

\n

–Real-time information from seismic, geodetic and strain measurements, including borehole strainmeters and seafloor observations using offshore cabled networks;

\n

–Technologies for measuring crustal deformation;

\n

–Early warning technologies for earthquakes and tsunamis; Studies of recurrence of large and extraordinary large earthquakes using paleoseismic, paleotsunami, geodetic and seismic methods;

\n

–Laboratory, theoretical and in situ studies of fault-zone processes;

\n

–Studies of episodic tremor and slow slip events using seismic, geodetic, and borehole strain measurements, and simulation techniques;

\n

–Systematic studies of earthquake predictability through rigorously evaluated scientific prediction experiments and robust databases;

\n

–Studies of near-source ground motions, geological effects and the response of engineered structures.

\n

The Panel strongly urges that the appropriate agencies in the U.S. and Japan that are represented on this panel work together with the academic sector to support and coordinate scientific work in these areas of cooperation. The Panel recognizes the importance of promoting the exchange of scientific personnel, exchange of data, and fundamental studies to advance progress in earthquake research. The U.S. and Japan should promote these exchanges throughout the world. The Panel endorses continuation of these activities.

","conferenceTitle":"9th U.S.-Japan Natural Resources Panel for Earthquake Research","conferenceDate":"October 9-12, 2012","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141250","usgsCitation":"2015, Proceedings of the 9th U.S.-Japan natural resources panel for earthquake research: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1250, iv, 89 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141250.","productDescription":"iv, 89 p.","numberOfPages":"95","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044782","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299044,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141250.gif"},{"id":299042,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1250/downloads/of2014-1250.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":299043,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1250/"}],"country":"Japan, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -219.2431640625,\n 45.69083283645816\n ],\n [\n -217.37548828125,\n 45.460130637921004\n ],\n [\n -214.3212890625,\n 44.41808794374849\n ],\n [\n -214.73876953125,\n 43.78695837311561\n ],\n [\n -213.81591796875,\n 43.197167282501276\n ],\n [\n -217.1337890625,\n 32.2313896627376\n ],\n [\n -219.39697265624997,\n 30.06909396443887\n ],\n [\n -227.9443359375,\n 25.60190226111573\n ],\n [\n -234.40429687499997,\n 25.720735134412106\n ],\n [\n -230.97656250000003,\n 34.63320791137959\n ],\n [\n -223.30810546875,\n 38.13455657705411\n ],\n [\n -219.2431640625,\n 45.69083283645816\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.7119140625,\n 24.44714958973082\n ],\n [\n -111.62109375,\n 24.44714958973082\n ],\n [\n -124.98046874999999,\n 29.38217507514529\n ],\n [\n -128.4521484375,\n 47.98992166741417\n ],\n [\n -115.6640625,\n 50.62507306341437\n ],\n [\n -110.302734375,\n 50.65294336725709\n ],\n [\n -106.3037109375,\n 46.01222384063236\n ],\n [\n -107.6220703125,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -102.041015625,\n 38.47939467327645\n ],\n [\n -99.84374999999999,\n 29.726222319395504\n ],\n [\n -99.7119140625,\n 24.44714958973082\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5516711ae4b0323842781ad8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Detweiler, Shane T. 0000-0001-5699-011X shane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5699-011X","contributorId":680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detweiler","given":"Shane","email":"shane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543523,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellsworth, William L. ellsworth@usgs.gov","contributorId":787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William","email":"ellsworth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543524,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156235,"text":"70156235 - 2015 - Effects of dispersal on total biomass in a patchy, heterogeneous system: Analysis and experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-19T12:24:23.742111","indexId":"70156235","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-27T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2698,"text":"Mathematical Biosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of dispersal on total biomass in a patchy, heterogeneous system: Analysis and experiment","docAbstract":"

An intriguing recent result from mathematics is that a population diffusing at an intermediate rate in an environment in which resources vary spatially will reach a higher total equilibrium biomass than the population in an environment in which the same total resources are distributed homogeneously. We extended the current mathematical theory to apply to logistic growth and also showed that the result applies to patchy systems with dispersal among patches, both for continuous and discrete time. This allowed us to make specific predictions, through simulations, concerning the biomass dynamics, which were verified by a laboratory experiment. The experiment was a study of biomass growth of duckweed (Lemna minor Linn.), where the resources (nutrients added to water) were distributed homogeneously among a discrete series of water-filled containers in one treatment, and distributed heterogeneously in another treatment. The experimental results showed that total biomass peaked at an intermediate, relatively low, diffusion rate, higher than the total carrying capacity of the system and agreeing with the simulation model. The implications of the experiment to dynamics of source, sink, and pseudo-sink dynamics are discussed.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elselvier","doi":"10.1016/j.mbs.2015.03.005","usgsCitation":"Zhang, B., Liu, X., DeAngelis, D., Ni, W., and Wang, G., 2015, Effects of dispersal on total biomass in a patchy, heterogeneous system: Analysis and experiment: Mathematical Biosciences, v. 264, p. 54-62, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mbs.2015.03.005.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"62","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055410","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306837,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"264","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d45730e4b0518e354694bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Bo","contributorId":146526,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Bo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16714,"text":"Dept. of Biology, University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Xin","contributorId":146527,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Xin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16715,"text":"Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":138934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":568115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ni, Wei-Ming","contributorId":146528,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ni","given":"Wei-Ming","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16716,"text":"University of Minnesota : East China Normal University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wang, G Geoff","contributorId":146529,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"G Geoff","affiliations":[{"id":16717,"text":"Dept. of Forestry and Natural Resources, Clemson University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70144127,"text":"ofr20151050 - 2015 - Efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf-CL145A) spray dried powder for controlling zebra mussels adhering to test substrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-26T14:13:19","indexId":"ofr20151050","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-26T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1050","title":"Efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf-CL145A) spray dried powder for controlling zebra mussels adhering to test substrates","docAbstract":"

A mobile bioassay trailer was used to assess the efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf-CL145A) spray dried powder (SDP) formulation for controlling zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) from two midwestern lakes: Lake Carlos (Alexandria, Minnesota) and Shawano Lake (Shawano, Wisconsin). The effects of SDP exposure concentration and exposure duration on zebra mussel survival were evaluated along with the evaluation of a benthic injection application technique to reduce the amount of SDP required to induce zebra mortality.

\n

Groups of zebra mussels were collected from each lake and allowed to adhere to test substrates for at least 15 days before exposure to SDP. Two independent trials were completed at each lake: (1) a whole water column (WWC) application trial was used to evaluate the effects of SDP exposure concentration and exposure duration on zebra mussel survival; and (2) a benthic injection (BI) application trial in which the SDP was injected into the test tanks to determine the efficacy of a benthic injection application technique to reduce the amount of SDP required to induced zebra mussel mortality. Three exposure durations (6, 9, and 12 hours) were evaluated in the WWC trials and a 12-hour exposure duration was evaluated in the BI trials. All trials contained zebra mussels which were removed at the completion of each exposure duration, consolidated into wire mesh cages, and held in the lake for approximately 30 days before being assessed for survival.

\n

For all trials, treatment was assigned to each test tank according to a randomized block design (n = 3 test tanks per treatment). The treatment groups included (1) an untreated control group, (2) a group that received an application of 50 milligrams of SDP per liter (mg SDP/L), and (3) a group that received an application of 100 mg SDP/L. During the BI trials, SDP was administered to achieve the desired exposure concentration in the bottom 50 percent (175 L) of the test tank. All exposure concentrations are reported as active ingredient.

\n

Approximately 30 days after exposure, zebra mussels were sorted into live and dead, and enumerated. Mean survival of zebra mussels in control treatments exceeded 95 percent. Mean survival of zebra mussels in the Lake Carlos WWC SDP-treated groups ranged from 0.5 to 2.1 percent and when compared at the same exposure duration, no difference was detected in survival between the 50 and 100 milligrams per liter (mg/L) treatment groups. Similarly, mean survival of zebra mussels in the Shawano Lake WWC SDP-treated groups ranged from 2.0 to 12.6 percent and when compared at the same exposure duration, no difference was detected in survival between the 50- and 100-mg/L treatment groups. Mean survival of zebra mussels in the Lake Carlos BI trial SDP-treated groups did not differ (p = 0.93) and was 18.1 and 18.0 percent in the 50- and 100-mg/L treatment groups, respectively. Mean survival of zebra mussels in the Shawano Lake BI trial SDP-treated groups differed (p < 0.01) and was 2.9 and 0.9 percent in the 50- and 100-mg/L treatment groups, respectively. Survival of zebra mussels assigned to the SDP-treated groups in the Lake Carlos WWC trial (12-hour exposure duration) differed from the survival of zebra mussels assigned to the SDP-treated groups in the Lake Carlos BI trial; however, after modification of the BI application technique, no difference (p = 0.22) was detected between the survival of zebra mussel in the Shawano Lake WWC (12-hour exposure duration) and BI trials.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151050","usgsCitation":"Luoma, J.A., Severson, T.J., Weber, K.L., and Mayer, D., 2015, Efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf-CL145A) spray dried powder for controlling zebra mussels adhering to test substrates: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1050, viii, 510 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151050.","productDescription":"viii, 510 p.","numberOfPages":"519","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061826","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299008,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151050.jpg"},{"id":299006,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1050/"},{"id":299007,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1050/pdf/ofr2015-1050.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.27 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Carlos, Shawano Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.34313201904297,\n 45.9991081226589\n ],\n [\n -95.32768249511719,\n 45.996723112568844\n ],\n [\n -95.33180236816406,\n 45.97835509159471\n ],\n [\n -95.3455352783203,\n 45.975730591042506\n ],\n [\n -95.35411834716797,\n 45.96761771199137\n ],\n [\n -95.34862518310547,\n 45.96117428498826\n ],\n [\n -95.35446166992188,\n 45.94303320745295\n ],\n [\n -95.36338806152344,\n 45.933482886823676\n ],\n [\n -95.37712097167969,\n 45.92990109251051\n ],\n [\n -95.38536071777344,\n 45.93324410773261\n ],\n [\n -95.37471771240234,\n 45.944704344447196\n ],\n [\n -95.37849426269531,\n 45.95425273233115\n ],\n [\n -95.37506103515625,\n 45.96165160157818\n ],\n [\n -95.37918090820312,\n 45.968572230031775\n ],\n [\n -95.37300109863281,\n 45.97883226014907\n ],\n [\n -95.35995483398438,\n 45.98431940297105\n ],\n [\n -95.34965515136719,\n 45.989567465502375\n ],\n [\n -95.34313201904297,\n 45.9991081226589\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.45161437988281,\n 44.817889670988784\n ],\n [\n -88.44989776611328,\n 44.80522439622254\n ],\n [\n -88.4787368774414,\n 44.80400643476691\n ],\n [\n -88.51581573486327,\n 44.790607161582656\n ],\n [\n -88.5281753540039,\n 44.78305347286286\n ],\n [\n -88.56834411621094,\n 44.792312696427096\n ],\n [\n -88.56903076171875,\n 44.81204450516513\n ],\n [\n -88.56319427490234,\n 44.81180094373175\n ],\n [\n -88.5498046875,\n 44.82884776001609\n ],\n [\n -88.5329818725586,\n 44.82884776001609\n ],\n [\n -88.51478576660156,\n 44.821299077446746\n ],\n [\n -88.50276947021484,\n 44.82397775537488\n ],\n [\n -88.49281311035156,\n 44.82373424434257\n ],\n [\n -88.4845733642578,\n 44.82543879996824\n ],\n [\n -88.45161437988281,\n 44.817889670988784\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55151f97e4b03238427816b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, James A. 0000-0003-3556-0190 jluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3556-0190","contributorId":4449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"James","email":"jluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Severson, Todd J. 0000-0001-5282-3779 tseverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5282-3779","contributorId":4749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severson","given":"Todd","email":"tseverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weber, Kerry L. klweber@usgs.gov","contributorId":4750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Kerry","email":"klweber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mayer, Denise A.","contributorId":98772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"Denise A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70141336,"text":"sir20155022 - 2015 - Field-based description of rhyolite lava flows of the Calico Hills Formation, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-26T11:53:07","indexId":"sir20155022","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-26T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5022","title":"Field-based description of rhyolite lava flows of the Calico Hills Formation, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada","docAbstract":"

Contaminants introduced into the subsurface of Pahute Mesa, Nevada National Security Site, by underground nuclear testing are of concern to the U.S. Department of Energy and regulators responsible for protecting human health and safety. The potential for contaminant movement away from the underground test areas at Pahute Mesa and into the accessible environment is greatest by groundwater transport through fractured volcanic rocks. The 12.9 Ma (mega-annums, million years) Calico Hills Formation, which consists of a mixture of rhyolite lava flows and intercalated nonwelded and bedded tuff and pyroclastic flow deposits, occurs in two areas of the Nevada National Security Site. One area is north of the Rainier Mesa caldera, buried beneath Pahute Mesa, and serves as a heterogeneous volcanic-rock aquifer but is only available to study through drilling and is not described in this report. A second accumulation of the formation is south of the Rainier Mesa caldera and is exposed in outcrop along the western boundary of the Nevada National Security Site at the Calico Hills near Yucca Mountain. These outcrops expose in three dimensions an interlayered sequence of tuff and lava flows similar to those intercepted in the subsurface beneath Pahute Mesa. Field description and geologic mapping of these exposures described lithostratigraphic variations within lava flows and assisted in, or at least corroborated, conceptualization of the rhyolite lava-bearing parts of the formation.

\n

In the area south of the Rainier Mesa caldera, surface exposures and nearby subsurface equivalents were studied through compilation of geologic maps, new field mapping, subsurface information from boreholes, and data extracted from three-dimensional geologic framework models. Rhyolite lava flows within the Calico Hills Formation are described in terms of lithostratigraphic variations established for rhyolite lava flows in other volcanic fields. In general, the flows consist of a core of crystallized, flow-banded rhyolite lava, surrounded by a carapace of obsidian, commonly mantled by blocky, pumiceous rhyolite lava and flow breccia. Rhyolite lava flows were correlated and mapped on the basis of distinctive appearance in outcrop, stratigraphic sequence, and the presence of stratigraphic markers. Pyroclastic deposits that are spatially, temporally, and genetically related to the rhyolite lava flows consist of a series of intercalated pyroclastic flows, bedded ash-fall, and reworked tuff that have varying amounts of pumice and volcanic rock clasts.

\n

In the area south of the Rainier Mesa caldera, surface and subsurface geologic data are combined to interpret the overall thickness of the Calico Hills Formation and the proportion of lava flow lithology across the study area. The formation is at least 500 meters (m) thick and contains the greatest proportion of rhyolite lava flow to the northeast of Yucca Mountain in the lower part of Fortymile Canyon. The formation thins to the south and southwest where it is between 50 and 200 m thick beneath Yucca Mountain and contains no rhyolite lavas. Geologic mapping and field-based correlation of individual lava flows allow for the interpretation of the thickness and extent of specific flows and the location of their source areas. The most extensive flows have widths from 2 to 3 kilometers (km) and lengths of at least 5–6 km. Lava flow thickness varies from 150 to 250 m above interpreted source vents to between 30 and 80 m in more distal locations. Rhyolite lavas have length-to-height ratios of 10:1 or greater and, in one instance, a length-to-width ratio of 2:1 or greater, implying a tongue-shaped geometry instead of circular domes or tabular bodies. Although geologic mapping did not identify any physical feature that could be positively identified as a vent, lava flow thickness and the size of clasts in subjacent pyroclastic deposits suggest that primary vent areas for at least some of the flows in the study area are on the east side of Fortymile Canyon, to the northeast of Yucca Mountain.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155022","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office, Office of Environmental Management under Interagency Agreement, DE-NA0001654/004","usgsCitation":"Sweetkind, D., and Bova, S.C., 2015, Field-based description of rhyolite lava flows of the Calico Hills Formation, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5022, Report: v, 36 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155022.","productDescription":"Report: v, 36 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-057359","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299004,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155022.jpg"},{"id":299002,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5022/pdf/sir2015-5022.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":299003,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5022/downloads/sir2015-5022_appendix1.pdf","text":"Appendix 1","size":"268 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 1","linkHelpText":"Lithologic Description of Calico Hills Formation From Selected Boreholes in the Study Area"},{"id":299001,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5022/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.69677734375,\n 36.54494944148322\n ],\n [\n -116.69677734375,\n 37.317751851636906\n ],\n [\n -115.68603515624999,\n 37.317751851636906\n ],\n [\n -115.68603515624999,\n 36.54494944148322\n ],\n [\n -116.69677734375,\n 36.54494944148322\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55151f98e4b03238427816b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sweetkind, Donald S. dsweetkind@usgs.gov","contributorId":735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"Donald S.","email":"dsweetkind@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":271,"text":"Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bova, Shiera C.","contributorId":45607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bova","given":"Shiera","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70143992,"text":"70143992 - 2015 - Re-estimating temperature-dependent consumption parameters in bioenergetics models for juvenile Chinook salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-26T11:09:07","indexId":"70143992","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-26T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Re-estimating temperature-dependent consumption parameters in bioenergetics models for juvenile Chinook salmon","docAbstract":"

Researchers have cautioned against the borrowing of consumption and growth parameters from other species and life stages in bioenergetics growth models. In particular, the function that dictates temperature dependence in maximum consumption (Cmax) within the Wisconsin bioenergetics model for Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha produces estimates that are lower than those measured in published laboratory feeding trials. We used published and unpublished data from laboratory feeding trials with subyearling Chinook Salmon from three stocks (Snake, Nechako, and Big Qualicum rivers) to estimate and adjust the model parameters for temperature dependence in Cmax. The data included growth measures in fish ranging from 1.5 to 7.2 g that were held at temperatures from 14°C to 26°C. Parameters for temperature dependence in Cmax were estimated based on relative differences in food consumption, and bootstrapping techniques were then used to estimate the error about the parameters. We found that at temperatures between 17°C and 25°C, the current parameter values did not match the observed data, indicating that Cmax should be shifted by about 4°C relative to the current implementation under the bioenergetics model. We conclude that the adjusted parameters for Cmax should produce more accurate predictions from the bioenergetics model for subyearling Chinook Salmon.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2014.986336","usgsCitation":"Plumb, J.M., and Moffitt, C.M., 2015, Re-estimating temperature-dependent consumption parameters in bioenergetics models for juvenile Chinook salmon: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 144, no. 2, p. 323-330, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2014.986336.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"323","endPage":"330","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056812","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299000,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"144","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55151f98e4b03238427816ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plumb, John M. 0000-0003-4255-1612 jplumb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4255-1612","contributorId":3569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumb","given":"John","email":"jplumb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moffitt, Christine M. 0000-0001-6020-9728 cmoffitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6020-9728","contributorId":2583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moffitt","given":"Christine","email":"cmoffitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70147545,"text":"70147545 - 2015 - Evidence for the assimilation of ancient glacier organic carbon in a proglacial stream food web","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-04T11:19:04","indexId":"70147545","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-26T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for the assimilation of ancient glacier organic carbon in a proglacial stream food web","docAbstract":"

We used natural abundance δ13C, δ15N, and Δ14C to compare trophic linkages between potential carbon sources (leaf litter, epilithic biofilm, and particulate organic matter) and consumers (aquatic macroinvertebrates and fish) in a nonglacial stream and two reaches of the heavily glaciated Herbert River. We tested the hypothesis that proglacial stream food webs are sustained by organic carbon released from glacial ecosystems. Carbon sources and consumers in the nonglacial stream had carbon isotope values that ranged from -30‰ to -25‰ for δ13C and from -14‰ to 53‰ for Δ14C reflecting a food web sustained mainly on contemporary primary production. In contrast, biofilm in the two glacial stream sites was highly Δ14C-depleted (-215‰ to 175‰) relative to the nonglacial stream consistent with the assimilation of ancient glacier organic carbon. IsoSource modeling showed that in upper Herbert River, macroinvertebrates (Δ14C = -171‰ to 22‰) and juvenile salmonids (Δ14C = −102‰ to 17‰) reflected a feeding history of both biofilm (~ 56%) and leaf litter (~ 40%). We estimate that in upper Herbert River on average 36% of the carbon incorporated into consumer biomass is derived from the glacier ecosystem. Thus, 14C-depleted glacial organic carbon was likely transferred to higher trophic levels through a feeding history of bacterial uptake of dissolved organic carbon and subsequent consumption of 14C-depleted biofilm by invertebrates and ultimately fish. Our findings show that the metazoan food web is sustained in part by glacial organic carbon such that future changes in glacial runoff could influence the stability and trophic structure of proglacial aquatic ecosystems.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Limnology and Oceanography","publisherLocation":"Waco, TX","doi":"10.1002/lno.10088","usgsCitation":"Fellman, J., Hood, E., Raymond, P.A., Hudson, J., Bozeman, M., and Arimitsu, M.L., 2015, Evidence for the assimilation of ancient glacier organic carbon in a proglacial stream food web: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 60, no. 4, p. 1118-1128, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10088.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1118","endPage":"1128","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057885","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487439,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10088","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300083,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5549e9bae4b064e4207ca43f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fellman, Jason","contributorId":138836,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fellman","given":"Jason","affiliations":[{"id":12538,"text":"Environmental Science and Geography Program, University of Alaska Southeast","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hood, Eran","contributorId":106802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hood","given":"Eran","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Raymond, Peter A.","contributorId":47627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raymond","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hudson, J.H.","contributorId":102505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bozeman, Maura","contributorId":140557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bozeman","given":"Maura","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Arimitsu, Mayumi L. 0000-0001-6982-2238 marimitsu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6982-2238","contributorId":140501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arimitsu","given":"Mayumi","email":"marimitsu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70202791,"text":"70202791 - 2015 - River-evolution and tectonic implications of a major Pliocene aggradation on the lower Colorado River: The Bullhead Alluvium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-26T13:15:37","indexId":"70202791","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-26T10:03:35","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"River-evolution and tectonic implications of a major Pliocene aggradation on the lower Colorado River: The Bullhead Alluvium","docAbstract":"

The ∼200-m-thick riverlaid Bullhead Alluvium along the lower Colorado River downstream of Grand Canyon records massive early Pliocene sediment aggradation following the integration of the upper and lower Colorado River basins. The distribution and extent of the aggraded sediments record (1) evolving longitudinal profiles of the river valley with implications for changing positions of the river’s mouth and delta; (2) a pulse of rapid early drainage-basin erosion and sediment supply; and (3) constraints on regional and local deformation.

The Bullhead Alluvium is inset into the Hualapai and Bouse Formations along a basal erosional unconformity. Its base defines a longitudinal profile interpreted as the incised end result after the Colorado River integrated through lake basins. Subsequent Bullhead aggradation, at ca. 4.5–3.5 Ma, built up braid plains as wide as 50 km as it raised the Colorado River’s grade. We interpret the aggradation to record a spike in sediment supply when river integration and base-level fall destabilized and eroded relict landscapes and Tertiary bedrock in the Colorado River’s huge catchment.

Longitudinal profiles of the Bullhead Alluvium suggest ≥200 m post-Bullhead relative fault uplifts in the upper Lake Mead area, >100 m local subsidence in the Blythe Basin, and deeper subsidence of correlative deltaic sequences in the Salton Trough along the Pacific–North American plate boundary. However, regionally, for >500 km along the river corridor from Yuma, Arizona, to Lake Mead, Arizona and Nevada, the top of the Bullhead Alluvium appears to be neither uplifted nor tilted, sloping 0.5–0.6 m/km downstream like the gradient of a smaller late Pleistocene aggradation sequence. Perched outcrops tentatively assigned to the Bullhead Alluvium near the San Andreas fault system project toward a Pliocene seashore or bayline twice as distant (300–450 km) as either the modern river’s mouth or a tectonically restored 4.25 Ma paleoshore. We conclude that Bullhead aggradation peaked after 4.25 Ma, having lengthened the delta plain seaward by outpacing both 2 mm/yr delta subsidence and 43–45 mm/yr transform-fault offset of the delta. Post-Bullhead degradation started before 3.3 Ma and implies that the river profile lowered and shortened because sediment supply declined, and progradation was unable to keep up with subsidence and plate motion in the delta.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES01059.1","usgsCitation":"Howard, K.A., House, K., Dorsey, R.J., and Pearthree, P.A., 2015, River-evolution and tectonic implications of a major Pliocene aggradation on the lower Colorado River: The Bullhead Alluvium: Geosphere, v. 11, no. 1, p. 1-30, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01059.1.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"30","ipdsId":"IP-056190 ","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472192,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01059.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":362327,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.65606689453124,\n 34.918592949176926\n ],\n [\n -114.57435607910156,\n 34.918592949176926\n ],\n [\n -114.57435607910156,\n 35.01397036543081\n ],\n [\n -114.65606689453124,\n 35.01397036543081\n ],\n [\n -114.65606689453124,\n 34.918592949176926\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, Keith A. 0000-0002-6462-2947 khoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-2947","contributorId":3439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Keith","email":"khoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"House, Kyle 0000-0002-0019-8075 khouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0019-8075","contributorId":2293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"House","given":"Kyle","email":"khouse@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorsey, Rebecca J.","contributorId":167712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorsey","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24813,"text":"University of Oregan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pearthree, Phillip A.","contributorId":53469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearthree","given":"Phillip","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":760022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70143780,"text":"fs20153028 - 2015 - The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T15:02:00","indexId":"fs20153028","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-26T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-3028","title":"The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Nevada","docAbstract":"

Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the State of Nevada, elevation data are critical for infrastructure and construction management, natural resources conservation, flood risk management, geologic resource assessment and hazard mitigation, agriculture and precision farming, and other business uses. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary sources for deriving elevation models and other datasets. Federal, State, Tribal, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data that are older and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data.

\n

The National Enhanced Elevation Assessment evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (ifsar) data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios. The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Office of Management and Budget Circular A–16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation’s natural and constructed features.

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1.0: March 26, 2015; Version 1.1: June 5, 2015","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55151f99e4b03238427816c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carswell, William J. Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":127609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70145057,"text":"70145057 - 2015 - Isotopic disproportionation during hydrogen isotopic analysis of nitrogen-bearing organic compounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-05T12:40:43","indexId":"70145057","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3233,"text":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic disproportionation during hydrogen isotopic analysis of nitrogen-bearing organic compounds","docAbstract":"
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Rationale

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High-precision hydrogen isotope ratio analysis of nitrogen-bearing organic materials using high-temperature conversion (HTC) techniques has proven troublesome in the past. Formation of reaction products other than molecular hydrogen (H2) has been suspected as a possible cause of incomplete H2 yield and hydrogen isotopic fractionation.

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Methods

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The classical HTC reactor setup and a modified version including elemental chromium, both operated at temperatures in excess of 1400 °C, have been compared using a selection of nitrogen-bearing organic compounds, including caffeine. A focus of the experiments was to avoid or suppress hydrogen cyanide (HCN) formation and to reach quantitative H2 yields. The technique also was optimized to provide acceptable sample throughput.

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Results

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The classical HTC reaction of a number of selected compounds exhibited H2 yields from 60 to 90 %. Yields close to 100 % were measured for the experiments with the chromium-enhanced reactor. The δ2H values also were substantially different between the two types of experiments. For the majority of the compounds studied, a highly significant relationship was observed between the amount of missing H2and the number of nitrogen atoms in the molecules, suggesting the pyrolytic formation of HCN as a byproduct. A similar linear relationship was found between the amount of missing H2 and the observed hydrogen isotopic result, reflecting isotopic fractionation.

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Conclusions

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The classical HTC technique to produce H2 from organic materials using high temperatures in the presence of glassy carbon is not suitable for nitrogen-bearing compounds. Adding chromium to the reaction zone improves the yield to 100 % in most cases. The initial formation of HCN is accompanied by a strong hydrogen isotope effect, with the observed hydrogen isotope results on H2 being substantially shifted to more negative δ2H values. The reaction can be understood as an initial disproportionation leading to H2 and HCN with the HCN-hydrogen systematically enriched in 2H by more than 50 ‰. In the reaction of HCN with chromium, H2 and chromium-containing solid residues are formed quantitatively.

\n
\n
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rcm.7174","usgsCitation":"Nair, S., Geilmann, H., Coplen, T.B., Qi, H., Gehre, M., Schimmelmann, A., and Brand, W.A., 2015, Isotopic disproportionation during hydrogen isotopic analysis of nitrogen-bearing organic compounds: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, v. 29, no. 9, p. 878-884, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.7174.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"878","endPage":"884","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062826","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299333,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551fb9bee4b027f0aee3bb1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nair, Sreejesh","contributorId":140050,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nair","given":"Sreejesh","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13365,"text":"Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Geilmann, Heike","contributorId":41303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geilmann","given":"Heike","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13365,"text":"Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Qi, Haiping 0000-0002-8339-744X haipingq@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-744X","contributorId":507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Haiping","email":"haipingq@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gehre, Matthias","contributorId":34004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gehre","given":"Matthias","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schimmelmann, Arndt","contributorId":140051,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schimmelmann","given":"Arndt","affiliations":[{"id":13366,"text":"Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brand, Willi A.","contributorId":33091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brand","given":"Willi","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13365,"text":"Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70144117,"text":"70144117 - 2015 - Polar bear population dynamics in the southern Beaufort Sea during a period of sea ice decline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-21T13:19:58","indexId":"70144117","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-25T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Polar bear population dynamics in the southern Beaufort Sea during a period of sea ice decline","docAbstract":"

In the southern Beaufort Sea of the United States and Canada, prior investigations have linked declines in summer sea ice to reduced physical condition, growth, and survival of polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Combined with projections of population decline due to continued climate warming and the ensuing loss of sea ice habitat, those findings contributed to the 2008 decision to list the species as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Here, we used mark–recapture models to investigate the population dynamics of polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea from 2001 to 2010, years during which the spatial and temporal extent of summer sea ice generally declined. Low survival from 2004 through 2006 led to a 25–50% decline in abundance. We hypothesize that low survival during this period resulted from (1) unfavorable ice conditions that limited access to prey during multiple seasons; and possibly, (2) low prey abundance. For reasons that are not clear, survival of adults and cubs began to improve in 2007 and abundance was comparatively stable from 2008 to 2010, with ~900 bears in 2010 (90% CI 606–1212). However, survival of subadult bears declined throughout the entire period. Reduced spatial and temporal availability of sea ice is expected to increasingly force population dynamics of polar bears as the climate continues to warm. However, in the short term, our findings suggest that factors other than sea ice can influence survival. A refined understanding of the ecological mechanisms underlying polar bear population dynamics is necessary to improve projections of their future status and facilitate development of management strategies.

","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/14-1129.1","usgsCitation":"Bromaghin, J.F., McDonald, T.L., Stirling, I., Derocher, A.E., Richardson, E.S., Regehr, E.V., Douglas, D.C., Durner, G.M., Atwood, T.C., and Amstrup, S.C., 2015, Polar bear population dynamics in the southern Beaufort Sea during a period of sea ice decline: Ecological Applications, v. 25, no. 3, p. 634-651, https://doi.org/10.1890/14-1129.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"634","endPage":"651","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051794","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472194,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/14-1129.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438713,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7VQ30Q5","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"U.S. Geological Survey Polar Bear Mark-Recapture Records, Alaska Portion of the Southern Beaufort Sea, 2001-2010"},{"id":298980,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.24658203125,\n 70.52489722821652\n ],\n [\n -159.345703125,\n 70.7724429742589\n ],\n [\n -158.00537109375,\n 70.80859050466093\n ],\n [\n -156.62109374999997,\n 71.28669893545877\n ],\n [\n -151.083984375,\n 70.27428967614655\n ],\n [\n -149.12841796875,\n 70.10300817109822\n ],\n [\n -146.88720703125,\n 69.96043926902489\n ],\n [\n -144.73388671875,\n 69.88501003874241\n ],\n [\n -143.37158203125,\n 70.08056215839737\n ],\n [\n -141.064453125,\n 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0000-0003-4487-3105","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-3105","contributorId":66364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Regehr","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":12428,"text":"U. 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Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Atwood, Todd C. 0000-0002-1971-3110 tatwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1971-3110","contributorId":4368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwood","given":"Todd","email":"tatwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70144008,"text":"70144008 - 2015 - Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope trophic enrichment factors for Steller sea lion vibrissae relative to milk and fish/invertebrate diets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-25T14:16:40","indexId":"70144008","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-25T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope trophic enrichment factors for Steller sea lion vibrissae relative to milk and fish/invertebrate diets","docAbstract":"

Nutritional constraints have been proposed as a contributor to population declines in the endangered Steller sea lion Eumetopias jubatus in some regions of the North Pacific. Isotopic analysis of vibrissae (whiskers) is a potentially useful approach to resolving the nutritional ecology of this species because long-term (up to 8 yr) dietary information is sequentially recorded and metabolically inert once formed. Additionally, vibrissae are grown in utero, potentially offering indirect inference on maternal diet. However, diet reconstruction using isotopic techniques requires a priori knowledge of trophic enrichment factors (TEFs), which can vary relative to diet quality and among animal species. In this study, we provide new TEF estimates for (1) maternal relative to pup vibrissae during both gestation and nursing and (2) adult vibrissae relative to a complex diet. Further, we refine vibrissa-milk TEFs based on an additional 76 animals with an age distribution ranging from 1 to 20 mo. Mother-pup vibrissae TEF values during gestation and nursing were near zero for δ13C and averaged 0.8 and 1.6‰, respectively, for δ15N. In contrast, vibrissa-fish/invertebrate TEFs averaged 3.3 (± 0.3 SD) and 3.7‰ (±0.3) for lipid-free δ13C and δ15N, respectively. Average lipid-free δ13C and δ15N vibrissa-milk TEFs were 2.5 (±0.9) and 1.8‰ (±0.8), respectively, and did not differ among metapopulations. Empirically determined TEFs are critical for accurate retrospective diet modeling, particularly for evaluating the hypothesis of nutritional deficiency contributing to the lack of Steller sea lion population recovery in some regions of Alaska.

","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps11205","usgsCitation":"Stricker, C.A., Christ, A.M., Wunder, M.B., Doll, A., Farley, S.D., Rea, L.D., Rosen, D., Scherer, R.D., and Tollit, D.J., 2015, Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope trophic enrichment factors for Steller sea lion vibrissae relative to milk and fish/invertebrate diets: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 523, p. 255-266, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11205.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"266","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057684","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11205","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":298976,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"523","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5513ce1ae4b032384276c997","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stricker, Craig A. 0000-0002-5031-9437 cstricker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-9437","contributorId":1097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"Craig","email":"cstricker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christ, Aaron M.","contributorId":139844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christ","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wunder, Michael B.","contributorId":139845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wunder","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":13293,"text":"University of Colorado - Denver","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doll, Andrew C.","contributorId":139846,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doll","given":"Andrew C.","affiliations":[{"id":13293,"text":"University of Colorado - Denver","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Farley, Sean D.","contributorId":27642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farley","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rea, Lorrie D.","contributorId":82143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rea","given":"Lorrie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rosen, David A. S.","contributorId":139847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosen","given":"David A. S.","affiliations":[{"id":5083,"text":"University of British Columbia, Department of Zoology, Biodiversity Research Centre and Beaty Biodiversity Museum","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Scherer, R. D.","contributorId":8061,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scherer","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6674,"text":"Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tollit, Dominic J.","contributorId":139848,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tollit","given":"Dominic","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5083,"text":"University of British Columbia, Department of Zoology, Biodiversity Research Centre and Beaty Biodiversity Museum","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70137830,"text":"sir20155007 - 2015 - Assessment of aquifer properties, evapotranspiration, and the effects of ditching in the Stoney Brook watershed, Fond du Lac Reservation, Minnesota, 2006-9","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-17T10:30:26","indexId":"sir20155007","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-25T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5007","title":"Assessment of aquifer properties, evapotranspiration, and the effects of ditching in the Stoney Brook watershed, Fond du Lac Reservation, Minnesota, 2006-9","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, assessed hydraulic properties of geologic material, recharge, and evapotranspiration, and the effects of ditching on the groundwater resources in the Stoney Brook watershed in the Fond du Lac Reservation. Geologic, groundwater, and surface-water data were collected during 2006–9 to estimate hydrologic properties in the watershed. Streamflow and groundwater levels in the shallow glacial deposits in the Stoney Brook watershed were analyzed to estimate groundwater-flow directions, groundwater recharge, and evapotranspiration within the watershed and to assess the effect of ditches on surrounding groundwater resources. Groundwater, streamflow, and precipitation data collected during the study (2006–9) can be used to update the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Natural Resource Conservation Service and Fond du Lac Resource Management Division surface-water models, which are used to evaluate the effect of proposed adjustments to the ditching system on streamflow on wild rice production and aquatic habitats.

\n

Specific yields calculated from the well water levels ranged from 0.11 to 0.40, and hydraulic conductivities determined from water levels measured during well slug tests ranged from 1 to 7 feet per day. The values for specific yields were similar to values obtained in other studies done in glacial materials of similar composition in Minnesota. The higher hydraulic conductivity estimate (7 feet per day) was similar to lower hydraulic conductivities estimated in another hydrologic study conducted in Carlton County, Minnesota.

\n

The installation of drainage ditches in the Stoney Brook watershed has reduced water levels in lakes connected to the ditch system, and has locally reduced groundwater levels in shallow groundwater adjacent to the ditches and lakes. Differences in near-ditch groundwater hydrographs relative to far-ditch groundwater hydrographs indicate that the effect of the ditches on groundwater is only localized to near-ditch areas. These hydrograph differences resulted in large differences between recharge estimated at wells near and far from ditches. In this study, recharge estimated at wells within 50 feet of a ditch was influenced by ditch-water levels. Annual groundwater recharge estimates from water levels and streamflows during 2006–9 ranged from 0.36 to 34.8 inches, and varied with climate, geology, and well location relative to ditches. The higher recharge estimates were determined from analysis of groundwater levels in wells near the ditches because the shallow groundwater in these wells received both infiltration from ditches and areal groundwater recharge from precipitation. The water-table fluctuation method using a manual groundwater recession approach for wells far from ditches provided the best estimates of areal groundwater recharge to the shallow glacial aquifer because water levels in these wells were not affected by water infiltrating from ditches (bank storage). For wells more than 400 feet from ditches, mean annual areal groundwater recharge estimates using the manual groundwater recession approach for wells screened mostly in outwash sands during 2007, 2008, and 2009 ranged from 4.47 to 18.6 inches (wells 5, 7, 13, 14 and 15), and ranged from 0.43 to 2.85 inches for wells screened mostly in clayey sand or sandy clay (wells 9 and 16). Recharge estimates at wells far from ditches were similar to basinwide recharge estimates from streamflow.

\n

Daily fluctuations in water levels in two wells indicated that the evapotranspiration extinction depth in the Stoney Brook watershed is approximately 4.6 to 6 feet below the land surface. A polynomial regression fit of the daily evapotranspiration rates during 2006–9 for well 1 produced a total evapotranspiration estimate of 16.1 inches from June 26 to October 6 for every year. Evapotranspiration estimated from daily water-level fluctuations in wells near ditches is relatively high. The ditch-water surface allowed for relatively high evaporation compared to the land surface, which, with a good hydraulic connection to surrounding groundwater, resulted in relatively high fluctuations in daily groundwater levels near ditches, resulting in high evapotranspiration estimates.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155007","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa","usgsCitation":"Jones, P.M., and Tomasek, A.A., 2015, Assessment of aquifer properties, evapotranspiration, and the effects of ditching in the Stoney Brook watershed, Fond du Lac Reservation, Minnesota, 2006-9: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5007, vi, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155007.","productDescription":"vi, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-048896","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298967,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155007.jpg"},{"id":298965,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5007/"},{"id":298966,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5007/pdf/sir2015-5007.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.86 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 15","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Fond du Lac Reservation, Stoney Brook watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.64461517333984,\n 46.79488875091874\n ],\n [\n -92.67894744873045,\n 46.79935438115391\n ],\n [\n -92.7187728881836,\n 46.83553581454299\n ],\n [\n -92.7304458618164,\n 46.836944988044465\n ],\n [\n -92.82159805297852,\n 46.7988843322654\n ],\n [\n -92.82142639160156,\n 46.78830714664984\n ],\n [\n -92.80477523803711,\n 46.7660882900233\n ],\n [\n -92.80082702636719,\n 46.71915170604123\n ],\n [\n -92.76477813720702,\n 46.68100772325949\n ],\n [\n -92.70709991455078,\n 46.641422536237094\n ],\n [\n -92.63671875,\n 46.641422536237094\n ],\n [\n -92.63980865478514,\n 46.713267047330255\n ],\n [\n -92.62504577636719,\n 46.722682193238484\n ],\n [\n -92.625732421875,\n 46.75773915478246\n ],\n [\n -92.60307312011719,\n 46.76926297371475\n ],\n [\n -92.60307312011719,\n 46.784780956138846\n ],\n [\n -92.64461517333984,\n 46.79488875091874\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5513ce17e4b032384276c98d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Perry M. 0000-0002-6569-5144 pmjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6569-5144","contributorId":2231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Perry","email":"pmjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tomasek, Abigail A.","contributorId":138614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tomasek","given":"Abigail","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70143967,"text":"ofr20151054 - 2015 - Evaluation of two juvenile salmon collection devices at Cowlitz Falls Dam, Washington, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-24T16:14:55","indexId":"ofr20151054","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-24T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1054","title":"Evaluation of two juvenile salmon collection devices at Cowlitz Falls Dam, Washington, 2014","docAbstract":"

Collection of juvenile salmon at Cowlitz Falls Dam is a critical part of the effort to restore salmon in the upper Cowlitz River, Washington. Many of the fish that are not collected pass downstream and enter Riffe Lake, become landlocked, and are lost to the anadromous population. In addition to this loss, the juvenile fish collection system at Cowlitz Falls Dam, which originally consisted of four collection flumes, has failed to achieve annual collection goals since it began operating in 1996. In the years since, the collection flumes have been modified and prototype collection devices have been developed and tested, but these efforts have not substantially increased juvenile fish collection. Studies have shown that juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss), coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), and Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) tend to come close to the entrances of the collection system, but many of these fish fail to enter and eventually pass the dam through turbines or spillways.

\n

Tacoma Power developed a prototype weir box in 2009 to increase capture rates of juvenile salmon at the collection entrances. The device was evaluated with radio-tagged coho salmon (318 fish) and Chinook salmon (317 fish), and was found to have a high retention rate; 93 percent of the coho salmon, and 91 percent of the Chinook salmon that entered the device were retained and collected. However, because of safety concerns at the dam, the weir box could not be deployed near a spillway gate where the prototype was tested, so the device was altered and re-deployed at a different location where it was evaluated during 2013. During that year, discovery efficiency (number of fish detected at the entrance divided by the number of fish detected in the forebay) was 98 percent for tagged steelhead and 83 percent for tagged coho salmon. However, none of the steelhead and only 5 percent of the coho salmon entered and were collected through the weir box. These results indicated that the device was not a promising collection alternative during spring months when steelhead and coho salmon are passing the dam. However, collection conditions change during summer months when juvenile Chinook salmon are passing, so the device also was evaluated during summer 2014.

\n

In an attempt to improve overall collection efficiency, Tacoma Power developed and tested a new device in 2014, called the Upper Riffe Lake Collector (URLC). The URLC was a floating device designed to collect fish as they moved downstream after passing through turbines at Cowlitz Falls Dam. The design of the URLC included a pontoon barge that supported a large net structure designed to funnel fish into a live box where they could be removed and transported downstream of dams on the Cowlitz River.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151054","usgsCitation":"Kock, T.J., Liedtke, T.L., Ekstrom, B.K., and Hurst, W., 2015, Evaluation of two juvenile salmon collection devices at Cowlitz Falls Dam, Washington, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1054, iv, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151054.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062939","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298955,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151054.jpg"},{"id":298953,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1054/"},{"id":298954,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1054/pdf/ofr2015-1054.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1054 Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cowlitz Falls Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.50442504882814,\n 46.57302276393836\n ],\n [\n -122.50442504882814,\n 46.693725378358955\n ],\n [\n -122.29980468749999,\n 46.693725378358955\n ],\n [\n -122.29980468749999,\n 46.57302276393836\n ],\n [\n -122.50442504882814,\n 46.57302276393836\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55127ca6e4b02e76d75bd5e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kock, Tobias J. 0000-0001-8976-0230 tkock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8976-0230","contributorId":3038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kock","given":"Tobias","email":"tkock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liedtke, Theresa L. 0000-0001-6063-9867 tliedtke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6063-9867","contributorId":2999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liedtke","given":"Theresa","email":"tliedtke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ekstrom, Brian K. 0000-0002-1162-1780 bekstrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1162-1780","contributorId":3704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ekstrom","given":"Brian","email":"bekstrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hurst, William 0000-0001-5758-8210 whurst@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5758-8210","contributorId":139838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurst","given":"William","email":"whurst@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70148094,"text":"70148094 - 2015 - Downscaling 250-m MODIS growing season NDVI based on multiple-date landsat images and data mining approaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T10:04:27","indexId":"70148094","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-24T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Downscaling 250-m MODIS growing season NDVI based on multiple-date landsat images and data mining approaches","docAbstract":"

The satellite-derived growing season time-integrated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GSN) has been used as a proxy for vegetation biomass productivity. The 250-m GSN data estimated from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors have been used for terrestrial ecosystem modeling and monitoring. High temporal resolution with a wide range of wavelengths make the MODIS land surface products robust and reliable. The long-term 30-m Landsat data provide spatial detailed information for characterizing human-scale processes and have been used for land cover and land change studies. The main goal of this study is to combine 250-m MODIS GSN and 30-m Landsat observations to generate a quality-improved high spatial resolution (30-m) GSN database. A rule-based piecewise regression GSN model based on MODIS and Landsat data was developed. Results show a strong correlation between predicted GSN and actual GSN (r = 0.97, average error = 0.026). The most important Landsat variables in the GSN model are Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices (NDVIs) in May and August. The derived MODIS-Landsat-based 30-m GSN map provides biophysical information for moderate-scale ecological features. This multiple sensor study retains the detailed seasonal dynamic information captured by MODIS and leverages the high-resolution information from Landsat, which will be useful for regional ecosystem studies.

","language":"English","publisher":"Molecular Diversity Preservation International","publisherLocation":"Basel, Switzerland","doi":"10.3390/rs70403489","usgsCitation":"Gu, Y., and Wylie, B.K., 2015, Downscaling 250-m MODIS growing season NDVI based on multiple-date landsat images and data mining approaches: Remote Sensing, v. 7, no. 4, p. 3489-3506, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70403489.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"3489","endPage":"3506","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064005","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70403489","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300605,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555db03ee4b0a92fa7eb82fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gu, Yingxin 0000-0002-3544-1856 ygu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3544-1856","contributorId":139586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gu","given":"Yingxin","email":"ygu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70148107,"text":"70148107 - 2015 - Research, monitoring, and evaluation of emerging issues and measures to recover the Snake River fall Chinook salmon ESU, 1/1/2014 - 12/31/2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-26T15:45:36","indexId":"70148107","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-24T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Research, monitoring, and evaluation of emerging issues and measures to recover the Snake River fall Chinook salmon ESU, 1/1/2014 - 12/31/2014","docAbstract":"

The portion of the Snake River fall Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ESU that spawns upstream of Lower Granite Dam transitioned from low to high abundance during 1992–2014 in association with U.S. Endangered Species Act recovery efforts and other Federally mandated actions. This annual report focuses on (1) numeric and habitat use responses by natural- and hatchery-origin spawners, (2) phenotypic and numeric responses by natural-origin juveniles, and (3) predator responses in the Snake River upper and lower reaches as abundance of adult and juvenile fall Chinook Salmon increased. Spawners have located and used most of the available spawning habitat and that habitat is gradually approaching redd capacity. Timing of spawning and fry emergence has been relatively stable; whereas the timing of parr dispersal from riverine rearing habitat into Lower Granite Reservoir has become earlier as apparent abundance of juveniles has increased. Growth rate (g/d) and dispersal size of parr also declined as apparent abundance of juveniles increased. Passage timing of smolts from the two Snake River reaches has become earlier and downstream movement rate faster as estimated abundance of fall Chinook Salmon smolts in Lower Granite Reservoir has increased. In 2014, consumption of subyearlings by Smallmouth Bass was highest in the upper reach which had the highest abundance of Bass. With a few exceptions, predation tended to decrease seasonally from April through early July. A release of hatchery fish in mid-May significantly increased subyearling consumption by the following day. We estimated that over 600,000 subyearling fall Chinook Salmon were lost to Smallmouth Bass predation along the free-flowing Snake River in 2014. More information on predation is presented in Appendix A.3 (page 51). These findings coupled with stock-recruitment analyses presented in this report provide evidence for density-dependence in the Snake River reaches and in Lower Granite Reservoir that was influenced by the expansion of the recovery program. The long-term goal is to use the information covered here in a comprehensive modeling effort to conduct action effectiveness and uncertainty research and to inform fish population, hydrosystem, harvest, hatchery, and predation and invasive species management RM&E.

","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","collaboration":"Report covers work performed under Bonneville Power Administration Contract # 272492","usgsCitation":"Connor, W.P., Mullins, F.L., Tiffan, K.F., Perry, R.W., Erhardt, J.M., St John, S.J., Bickford, B.K., and Rhodes, T.N., 2015, Research, monitoring, and evaluation of emerging issues and measures to recover the Snake River fall Chinook salmon ESU, 1/1/2014 - 12/31/2014, 80 p.","productDescription":"80 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064908","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320568,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":300642,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pisces.bpa.gov/release/documents/DocumentViewer.aspx?doc=P143326","text":"Report","size":"1.05 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Tajikistan, and India: Chapter X in Global mineral resource assessment","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70138819,"text":"sir20105090X - 2015 - Porphyry copper assessment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and eastern Tethysides: China, Mongolia, Russia, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and India: Chapter X in Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090X","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"X","title":"Porphyry copper assessment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and eastern Tethysides: China, Mongolia, Russia, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and India: Chapter X in Global mineral resource assessment"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70040436,"text":"sir20105090 - 2010 - Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Global mineral resource assessment"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70040436,"text":"sir20105090 - 2010 - Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Global mineral resource assessment"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T11:10:30","indexId":"sir20105090X","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-24T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5090","chapter":"X","title":"Porphyry copper assessment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and eastern Tethysides: China, Mongolia, Russia, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and India: Chapter X in Global mineral resource assessment","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey collaborated with international colleagues to assess undiscovered resources in porphyry copper deposits in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and eastern Tethysides. These areas host 20 known porphyry copper deposits, including the world class Oyu Tolgoi deposit in Mongolia that was discovered in the late 1990s. The study area covers major parts of the world’s largest orogenic systems. The Central Asian Orogenic Belt is a collage of amalgamated Precambrian through Mesozoic terranes that extends from the Ural Mountains in the west nearly to the Pacific Coast of Asia in the east and records the evolution and final closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean in Permian time. The eastern Tethysides, the orogenic belt to the south of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, records the evolution of another ancient ocean system, the Tethys Ocean. The evolution of these orogenic belts involved magmatism associated with a variety of geologic settings appropriate for formation of porphyry copper deposits, including subduction-related island arcs, continental arcs, and collisional and postconvergent settings. The original settings are difficult to trace because the arcs have been complexly deformed and dismembered by younger tectonic events. Twelve mineral resource assessment tracts were delineated to be permissive for the occurrence of porphyry copper deposits based on mapped and inferred subsurface distributions of igneous rocks of specific age ranges and compositions. These include (1) nine Paleozoic tracts in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, which range in area from about 60,000 to 800,000 square kilometers (km2); (2) a complex area of about 400,000 km2 on the northern margin of the Tethysides, the Qinling-Dabie tract, which spans central China and areas to the west, encompassing Paleozoic through Triassic igneous rocks that formed in diverse settings; and (3) assemblages of late Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks that define two other tracts in the Tethysides, the 100,000 km2 Jinsajiang tract and the 300,000 km2 Tethyan-Gangdese tract. Assessment participants evaluated applicable grade and tonnage models and estimated numbers of undiscovered deposits at different confidence levels for each permissive tract. The estimates were then combined with the selected grade and tonnage models using Monte Carlo simulations to generate probabilistic estimates of undiscovered resources. Additional resources in extensions of deposits with identified resources were not specifically evaluated. Assessment results, presented in tables and graphs, show amounts of metal and rock in undiscovered deposits at selected quantile levels of probability (0.95, 0.9, 0.5, 0.1, and 0.05 confidence levels), as well as the arithmetic mean and associated standard deviations and variances for each tract. This assessment estimated a total of 97 undiscovered porphyry copper deposits within the assessed permissive tracts. This represents nearly five times the 20 known deposits. Predicted mean resources that could be associated with these undiscovered deposits are about 370,000,000 metric tons (t) of copper, 10,000 t of gold, 7,700,000 t of molybdenum, and 120,000 t of silver. The assessment area is estimated to contain about five times as much copper in undiscovered deposits as has been identified to date. This report includes a summary of the data used in the assessment, a brief overview of the geologic framework of the area, descriptions of permissive tracts and known deposits, maps, and tables. A geographic information system database that accompanies this report includes the tract boundaries and known porphyry copper deposits, significant prospects, and prospects. Assessments of overlapping younger rocks and adjacent areas are included in separate reports available on-line at http://minerals.usgs.gov/global/.

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India: Chapter X in Global mineral resource assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5090, Report: xi, 106 p.; 2 Plates: 11.00 x 17.00 inches; Appendix B; GIS package, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105090X.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 106 p.; 2 Plates: 11.00 x 17.00 inches; Appendix B; GIS package","numberOfPages":"122","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-053011","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298910,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20105090X.gif"},{"id":298904,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/x/pdf/sir2010-5090-X_Fig_1.pdf","text":"Tabloid Figure 1","size":"15.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Map of 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