Stable paleomagnetic directions have been obtained from seven sites spanning much of the 7-km-thick middle Proterozoic Uinta Mountain Group. The characteristic magnetization is carried partly by detrital(?) and secondary specularite and partly by hematite pigment. Preliminary paleomagnetic poles for six of the seven sites are closely grouped and their mean pole is 0.6°N, 157.2°E (N = 6, α95 = 5.4°). The pole for the seventh and stratigraphically highest site lies to the west, 4.6°N, 140.1°E, and (n = 8, α95= 15.9°). On the basis of the poles, revisions to correlations of the Uinta Mountain Group with other sequences are proposed. The Uinta Mountain Group appears to correlate with the Chuar Group and perhaps the upper member of the underlying Nankoweap Formation, and post-dates the Unkar Group of the Grand Canyon Supergroup. In addition, the upper part of the Uinta Mountain Group appears to correlate with the Little Dal Group of the Northwest Territories, Canada. The Uinta Mountain Group appears to entirely post-date the Belt Supergroup of Montana and Idaho. Correlation of the Uinta Mountain Group with the Chuar and Little Dal Groups is supported by the presence of the fossil Chuaria and by apparently overlapping isotopic ages. A maximum age range for the Uinta Mountain Group, extrapolated from the Grand Canyon Supergroup and the Little Dal Group, extends from <1100 to > 770 m.y.
The Coyote Lake earthquake (ML = 5.9; August 6, 1979; epicenter about 100 km southeast of San Francisco) occurred on the Calaveras fault within a geodetic network that had been surveyed annually since 1972 to monitor strain accumulation. The rupture surface as defined by aftershocks is a vertical rectangle 20 km in length extending from a depth of 4 km to about 12 km. The observed deformation of the geodetic network constrains the average slip to be about 0.33 ± 0.05 m right lateral. Although the geodetic data furnished an exceptionally detailed picture of the preearthquake deformation, no significant premonitory anomaly associated with the Coyote Lake earthquake can be identified.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB086iB02p00892","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"King, N., Savage, J., Lisowski, M., and Prescott, W., 1981, Preseismic and coseismic deformation associated with the Coyote Lake, California, earthquake: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 86, no. B2, p. 892-898, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB086iB02p00892.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"892","endPage":"898","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222175,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"B2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b35e4b0c8380cd7e1b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, N.E.","contributorId":29950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, J.C. 0000-0002-5114-7673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":102876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lisowski, M.","contributorId":70381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prescott, W.H.","contributorId":96337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1015354,"text":"1015354 - 1981 - [Book review] Developments in biological standardization (Vol. 49): Fish Biologics: Seriodiagnostics and Vaccines, edited by W. Hennessen and D. P. Andersen","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-03T17:16:15","indexId":"1015354","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1647,"text":"Fish Health News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] Developments in biological standardization (Vol. 49): Fish Biologics: Seriodiagnostics and Vaccines, edited by W. Hennessen and D. P. Andersen","docAbstract":"Review of: Developments in Biologicals, Vol. 49. Fish Biologics: Serodiagnostics and Vaccines. International Symposium, Leetown, W.Va., April 1981. Editor(s): Hennessen, W. (Bern); Andersen, D.P. (Leetown, W.Va.); Society/Societies: International Association of Biological Standardization, XII + 496 p., 90 fig., 110 tab., soft cover, 1981. ISBN: 978-3-8055-3471-0.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fish Health News","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Arlington, VA","collaboration":"635/FH","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D.P., 1981, [Book review] Developments in biological standardization (Vol. 49): Fish Biologics: Seriodiagnostics and Vaccines, edited by W. Hennessen and D. P. Andersen: Fish Health News, v. 10, no. 2, p. ii-ii.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"ii","endPage":"ii","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dcd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, D. P.","contributorId":32469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011768,"text":"70011768 - 1981 - Multiple asperity model for earthquake prediction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:32","indexId":"70011768","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiple asperity model for earthquake prediction","docAbstract":"Large earthquakes often occur as multiple ruptures reflecting strong variations of stress level along faults. Dense instrument networks with which the volcano Kilauea is monitored provided detailed data on changes of seismic velocity, strain accumulation and earthquake occurrence rate before the 1975 Hawaii 7.2-mag earthquake. During the ???4 yr of preparation time the mainshock source volume had separated into crustal volumes of high stress levels embedded in a larger low-stress volume, showing respectively high- and low-stress precursory anomalies. ?? 1981 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/289231a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Wyss, M., Johnston, A.C., and Klein, F.W., 1981, Multiple asperity model for earthquake prediction: Nature, v. 289, no. 5795, p. 231-234, https://doi.org/10.1038/289231a0.","startPage":"231","endPage":"234","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205126,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/289231a0"}],"volume":"289","issue":"5795","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6060e4b0c8380cd713ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wyss, M.","contributorId":68880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wyss","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, A. C.","contributorId":85574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klein, F. W.","contributorId":88371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012152,"text":"70012152 - 1981 - Multiple-element semiquantitative analysis of one-milligram geochemical samples by D.C. arc emission spectrography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T09:42:02","indexId":"70012152","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiple-element semiquantitative analysis of one-milligram geochemical samples by D.C. arc emission spectrography","docAbstract":"A modified method is described for a 1-mg sample multi-element semiquantitative spectrographic analysis. This method uses a direct-current arc source, carbon instead of graphite electrodes, and an 80% argon-20% oxygen atmosphere instead of air. Although this is a destructive method, an analysis can be made for 68 elements in all mineral and geochemical samples. Carbon electrodes have been an aid in improving the detection limits of many elements. The carbon has a greater resistance to heat conductance and develops a better tip, facilitating sample volatilization and counter balancing the cooling effect of a flow of the argon-oxygen mixture around the anode. Where such an argon-oxygen atmosphere is used instead of air, the cyanogen band lines are greatly diminished in intensity, and thus more spectral lines of analysis elements are available for use; the spectral background is also lower. The main advantage of using the carbon electrode and the 80% argon-20% oxygen atmosphere is the improved detection limits of 36 out of 68 elements. The detection limits remain the same for 23 elements, and are not as good for only nine elements. ?? 1981.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(81)90152-2","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Rait, N., 1981, Multiple-element semiquantitative analysis of one-milligram geochemical samples by D.C. arc emission spectrography: Chemical Geology, v. 32, no. 1-4, p. 317-333, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(81)90152-2.","startPage":"317","endPage":"333","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266125,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(81)90152-2"}],"volume":"32","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6089e4b0c8380cd71514","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rait, N.","contributorId":95521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rait","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012141,"text":"70012141 - 1981 - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of ancient buried wood-I. Observations on the origin of coal to the brown coal stage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-13T07:36:06","indexId":"70012141","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of ancient buried wood-I. Observations on the origin of coal to the brown coal stage","docAbstract":"Various wood fragments buried in sediments under anaerobic conditions for from 450 yr to approximately 8 Myr have been examined by solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. Cellulose and other carbohydrates, the major components of Holocene wood, have been shown to be gradually hydrolyzed or otherwise lost under the conditions of burial. Lignin structures, however, are preserved relatively unchanged and become concentrated by difference as the carbohydrates disappear. Thus, a fragment of coalified wood isolated from a Miocene brown coal was found to be still composed of approximately 75% lignin and 25% cellulose. On the basis of our observations, we suggest that coalification of woody tissue progresses directly from lignin to coal and that such coalification may be retarded until most of the cellulose disappears. ?? 1981.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(81)90013-9","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Hatcher, P.G., Breger, I.A., and Earl, W., 1981, Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of ancient buried wood-I. Observations on the origin of coal to the brown coal stage: Organic Geochemistry, v. 3, no. 1-2, p. 49-55, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(81)90013-9.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222460,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a68c4e4b0c8380cd739b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatcher, Patrick G.","contributorId":93625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatcher","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breger, Irving A.","contributorId":65205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breger","given":"Irving","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Earl, W.L.","contributorId":25295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earl","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012147,"text":"70012147 - 1981 - Determination of sub-microgram amounts of selenium in geological materials by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry with electrothermal atomisation after solvent extraction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-29T15:42:45.58689","indexId":"70012147","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3541,"text":"The Analyst","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of sub-microgram amounts of selenium in geological materials by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry with electrothermal atomisation after solvent extraction","docAbstract":"An atomic-absorption spectrophotometric method with electrothermal atomisation has been developed for the determination of selenium in geological materials. The sample is decomposed with a mixture of nitric, perchloric and hydrofluoric acids and heated with hydrochloric acid to reduce selenium to selenium(IV). Selenium is then extracted into toluene from a hydrochloric acid-hydrobromic acid medium containing iron. A few micro-litres of the toluene extract are injected into a carbon rod atomiser, using a nickel solution as a matrix modifier. The limits of determination are 0.2–200 p.p.m. of selenium in a geological sample. For concentrations between 0.05 and 0.2 p.p.m., back-extraction of the selenium into dilute hydrochloric acid is employed before atomisation.
Selenium values for reference samples obtained by replicate analysis are in general agreement with those reported by other workers, with relative standard deviations ranging from 4.1 to 8.8%. Recoveries of selenium spiked at two levels were 98–108%. Major and trace elements commonly encountered in geological materials do not interfere. Arsenic has a suppressing effect on the selenium signals, but only when its concentration is greater than 1 000 p.p.m. Nitric acid interferes seriously with the extraction of selenium and must be removed by evaporation in the sample-digestion step.
","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry","doi":"10.1039/AN9810600647","issn":"00032654","usgsCitation":"Sanzolone, R.F., and Chao, T.T., 1981, Determination of sub-microgram amounts of selenium in geological materials by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry with electrothermal atomisation after solvent extraction: The Analyst, v. 106, no. 1263, p. 647-652, https://doi.org/10.1039/AN9810600647.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"647","endPage":"652","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222521,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"1263","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffcbe4b0c8380cd4f3d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanzolone, R. F.","contributorId":64199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanzolone","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chao, T. T.","contributorId":31900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011773,"text":"70011773 - 1981 - Petrology and geochronology of metamorphosed volcanic rocks and a middle Cretaceous volcanic neck in the east-central Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-16T16:13:08.068344","indexId":"70011773","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrology and geochronology of metamorphosed volcanic rocks and a middle Cretaceous volcanic neck in the east-central Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"Metamorphosed Mesozoic volcanic rocks from the east-central Sierra Nevada range in composition from basalt to rhyolite and have ages, based on whole rock Rb-Sr and U-Pb zircon dating, of about 237–224, 185, 163, 134, and 100 m.y. The major plutons of the batholith in this area are of Triassic (215–200 m.y.) and Cretaceous (94–80 m.y.) ages. Initial 87Sr/86Sr values for the metamorphosed volcanic rocks of the area are in the range from 0.7042 to 0.7058 and are generally different from the values for the surrounding batholithic rocks (0.7056–0.7066). A circular, zoned granitic pluton, with an outcrop area of 2.5 km2, similar in appearance to a ring dike complex, was apparently a conduit for some or possibly all of the middle-Cretaceous metamorphosed volcanic rocks exposed about 5 km to the south in the western part of the Ritter Range. Samples from the metamorphosed volcanic rocks and the pluton yield a Rb-Sr whole rock isochron age of 99.9 ± 2.2 m.y. with an initial 87Sr/86Sr of 0.7048 ± 0.0001. Major element variation diagrams of the pluton and volcanic rocks define coincident compositional trends. The pluton, intruded into Early Jurassic metamorphosed volcanic rocks (Rb-Sr whole rock isochron age of 185 ± 6 m.y., initial 87/86Sr = 0.70474 ± 0.00009), is composed of a central body of granite that is intruded into and almost completely surrounded by a crescent-shaped outer rim of quartz monzodiorite. Contact relations between the granitic rocks, intrusive in some places and completely gradational at other places, indicate that the quartz monzodiorite was not completely crystallized prior to the intrusion of the granite. Modal minerology within the pluton is also consistent with this inferred crystallization history. The granitic rock textures are cataclastic, characterized by a groundmass of feldspar and quartz that surrounds larger grains of feldspar, hornblende, and biotite. Widely spaced aplite dikes from the granite intrude the quartz monzodiorite along the contact between the granitic rocks. The aplite dikes and interstitial alkali feldspar associated with myrmekite in the pluton, being undeformed, indicate crystallization of a small amount of silicate liquid after cataclasis. Aplite compositions suggest a minimum crystallization pressure of 0.5 kb (1–2 km); this depth is consistent with crystallization near the base of a large stratovolcano. The pluton is characterized by steep, linear features, defined by mineral clots and inclusions, that probably formed during the upward movement of the nearly crystallized magma in the volcanic conduit. The ages of volcanic events relative to the ages of the major intrusive epochs and the major element and isotopic compositions of the volcanic rocks relative to the major plutons indicate that the volcanic rocks are not simply or directly related to the major plutons in the Sierra Nevada.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB086iB11p10489","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Kistler, R.W., and Swanson, S., 1981, Petrology and geochronology of metamorphosed volcanic rocks and a middle Cretaceous volcanic neck in the east-central Sierra Nevada, California: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 86, no. B11, p. 10489-10501, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB086iB11p10489.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"10489","endPage":"10501","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221611,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7820e4b0c8380cd78641","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kistler, R. W.","contributorId":36112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kistler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swanson, S.E.","contributorId":84505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012049,"text":"70012049 - 1981 - An evaluation of the seismic- window theory for earthquake prediction.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:44","indexId":"70012049","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1154,"text":"California Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of the seismic- window theory for earthquake prediction.","docAbstract":"Reports studies designed to determine whether earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay area respond to a fortnightly fluctuation in tidal amplitude. It does not appear that the tide is capable of triggering earthquakes, and in particular the seismic window theory fails as a relevant method of earthquake prediction. -J.Clayton","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"California Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00264555","usgsCitation":"McNutt, M., and Heaton, T.H., 1981, An evaluation of the seismic- window theory for earthquake prediction.: California Geology, v. 34, no. 1, p. 12-16.","startPage":"12","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea59e4b0c8380cd487d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McNutt, M.","contributorId":64805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNutt","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heaton, T. H.","contributorId":64671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heaton","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012106,"text":"70012106 - 1981 - Ne matrix spectra of the sym-C6Br3F3+ radical cation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-12T21:20:50","indexId":"70012106","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1215,"text":"Chemical Physics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ne matrix spectra of the sym-C6Br3F3+ radical cation","docAbstract":"The electronic absorption and laser excited, wavelength resolved fluorescence spectra of the title cation have been observed in solid Ne matrix and vibrationally analysed. The vibrational structure of the excited B2A2??? state shows close similarity to the parent compound. The X2E??? ground state structure is strongly perturbed and irregular owing to a large Jahn-Teller distortion. The data are analysed in terms of a recently developed, sophisticated multimode Jahn-Teller theoretical model. We have generated the sym-C6Br3F3+ cations in solid Ne matrix and obtained their wavelength resolved emission and absorption spectra. T ground electronic X2E??? state exhibits an irregular and strongly perturbed vibrational structure, which can be successfully modeled using sophisticated multimode Jahn-Teller theory. ?? 1981.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Physics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0301-0104(81)85043-4","issn":"03010104","usgsCitation":"Bondybey, V., Sears, T., Miller, T., Vaughn, C., English, J., and Shiley, R., 1981, Ne matrix spectra of the sym-C6Br3F3+ radical cation: Chemical Physics, v. 61, no. 1-2, p. 9-16, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-0104(81)85043-4.","startPage":"9","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221929,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269232,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-0104(81)85043-4"}],"volume":"61","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a63c7e4b0c8380cd726b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bondybey, V.E.","contributorId":74879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bondybey","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sears, T.J.","contributorId":51912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sears","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, T.A.","contributorId":49926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vaughn, C.","contributorId":23689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaughn","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"English, J.H.","contributorId":28746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"English","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shiley, R.S.","contributorId":37899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shiley","given":"R.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70012119,"text":"70012119 - 1981 - Martian channels and valleys: Their characteristics, distribution, and age","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-20T12:58:48.860946","indexId":"70012119","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Martian channels and valleys: Their characteristics, distribution, and age","docAbstract":"All Martian channels and valleys visible at a resolution of 125 to 300 meters between 65°N and 65°S were mapped at a scale of 1:5,000,000 and the maps then digitized. Correlations of valley presence with other surface features show that almost all valleys are in the old cratered terrain. preferentially in areas of low albedo, low violet/red ratios, and high elevation. The networks are open, the individual drainage basins are small relative to Earth, and large distances separate the basins, features which all suggest an immature drainage system. The simplest explanation of the correlations and the restriction of valley networks to old terrain is that the channels themselves are old, and that the climatic conditions necessary for their formation did not prevail for long after the decline in the cratering rate around 3.9 billion years ago. Two types of outflow channel are distinguished: unconfined, in which broad swaths of terrain are scoured, and confined, in which flow is restricted to discrete channels. The outflow channels have a wide range of ages and may form under present climatic conditions. Fretted channels are largely restrited to two latitude belts centered on 40°N and 45°S, where relatively rapid erosion along escarpments results from mass wasting. They probably form by enlargement of preexisting channels by escarpment retreat.
Rates of sedimentation calculated from analyses of 210Pb activities in cores from two shallow lakes whose mean depths are 2.4m, Upper Klamath Lake and Lake Euwana (Klamath County, Oregon), indicate that they are filling at approximately 3.0mm/yr. Average sedimentation rates for compaction-corrected cores range from 0.9mm/yr to 8.5mm/yr or from 0.03g/cm2/yr to 0.48g/cm2/yr, respectively. Plots of excess 210Pb activity versus depth show a mixing layer due to biological activity and other physical mixing that ranges in thickness from 5-20cm, and that is found below the sediment-water interface at all coring locations. Trace metal analyses performed to establish baseline levels of selected elements show very low concentrations of all metals measured in cores from Upper Klamath Lake (Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Pb, Mn and Zn) when compared with concentrations of these metals found in other North American lacustrine environments.-Authors
","language":"English","publisher":"Northwest Scientific Association","usgsCitation":"Martin, E., and Rice, C.A., 1981, Pb210 geochronology and trace metal concentrations of sediments from Upper Klamath Lake and Lake Euwana, Oregon.: Northwest Science, v. 55, no. 4, p. 269-280.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"280","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350353,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.northwestscience.org/page-937324","text":"Northwest Science homepage"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","county":"Klamath County","otherGeospatial":"Lake Euwana, Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.12127685546875,\n 42.17968819665961\n ],\n [\n -121.6845703125,\n 42.17968819665961\n ],\n [\n -121.6845703125,\n 42.59151063198149\n ],\n [\n -122.12127685546875,\n 42.59151063198149\n ],\n [\n -122.12127685546875,\n 42.17968819665961\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"55","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7603e4b0c8380cd77e94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, E.A.","contributorId":44148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, C. A.","contributorId":106116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012166,"text":"70012166 - 1981 - Reactor-released radionuclides in Susquehanna River sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:07","indexId":"70012166","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reactor-released radionuclides in Susquehanna River sediments","docAbstract":"Three Mile Island (TMI) and Peach Bottom (PB) reactors have introduced 137Cs, 134Cs, 60Co, 58Co and several other anthropogenic radionuclides into the lower Susquehanna River. Here we present the release history for these nuclides (Table 1) and radionuclide concentration data (Table 2) for sediment samples collected in the river and upper portions of the Chesapeake Bay (Fig. 1) within a few months after the 28 March 1979 loss-of-coolant-water problem at TMI. Although we found no evidence for nuclides characteristic of a ruptured fuel element, we did find nuclides characteristic of routine operations. Despite the TMI incident, more than 95% of the total 134Cs input to the Susquehanna has been a result of controlled low-level releases from the PB site. 134Cs activity released into the river is effectively trapped by sediments with the major zones of reactor-nuclide accumulation behind Conowingo Dam and in the upper portions of Chesapeake Bay. The reported distributions document the fate of reactor-released radionuclides and their extent of environmental contamination in the Susquehanna-Upper Chesapeake Bay System. ?? 1981 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/294242a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Olsen, C., Larsen, I., Cutshall, N., Donoghue, J., Bricker, O., and Simpson, H., 1981, Reactor-released radionuclides in Susquehanna River sediments: Nature, v. 294, no. 5838, p. 242-245, https://doi.org/10.1038/294242a0.","startPage":"242","endPage":"245","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205142,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/294242a0"},{"id":221804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"294","issue":"5838","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9590e4b0c8380cd81acb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olsen, C.R.","contributorId":26442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larsen, I.L.","contributorId":37070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"I.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cutshall, N.H.","contributorId":29957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cutshall","given":"N.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Donoghue, J.F.","contributorId":63533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donoghue","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bricker, O.P.","contributorId":33717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bricker","given":"O.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Simpson, H.J.","contributorId":105053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70012154,"text":"70012154 - 1981 - Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Laramie anorthosite complex, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-22T20:34:29","indexId":"70012154","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2588,"text":"LITHOS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Laramie anorthosite complex, Wyoming","docAbstract":"A geochemical investigation of the Laramie anorthosite complex determined that monsonite associated with the complex are characterized by positive Eu anomalies and display a regular variation in composition with distance from the monzonite/county rock contact. Anorthositic rocks have major and trace element abundance typical of similar complexes. The internal variations in the monzonite were produced by in situ fractionation and contamination. The data indicate that anorthosite and monzonite cannot be comagmatic. It is proposed that the anorthosite and monzonite of the complex evolved from two distinct magmas, and that two stages of anatectic melting contributed to the evolution of the monzonite. An initial stage of partial melting was induced by intrusion of a gabbroic anorthosite magma into the lower crust; a second partial melting event occurred after emplacement where heat from the intrusions melted country rocks resulting in extensive contamination ofthe monzonite. ?? 1981.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"LITHOS","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0024-4937(81)90049-9","issn":"00244937","usgsCitation":"Fountain, J., Hodge, D., and Allan, H.F., 1981, Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Laramie anorthosite complex, Wyoming: LITHOS, v. 14, no. 2, p. 113-132, https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(81)90049-9.","startPage":"113","endPage":"132","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267968,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(81)90049-9"}],"volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16dce4b0c8380cd552b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fountain, J.C.","contributorId":43104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fountain","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hodge, D.S.","contributorId":9403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodge","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allan, Hills F.","contributorId":84906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allan","given":"Hills","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012165,"text":"70012165 - 1981 - Clay mineralogy of weathering profiles from the Carolina Piedmont.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:45","indexId":"70012165","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3443,"text":"Southeastern Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Clay mineralogy of weathering profiles from the Carolina Piedmont.","docAbstract":"Saprolite profiles (12) that formed over various crystalline rocks from the Charlotte 1o X 2o quadrangle showed overall similarity in their clay mineralogy to depths of 6 to 45 m indicating control by weathering processes rather than by rock type. Most saprolite contained 10-25% clay, and ranged 3 to 70%. Kaolinite and halloysite composed = or >75% of the clay fraction of most samples. The ratio kaolinite:halloysite ranged widely, from 95% kaolinite to 90% halloysite, independent of depth. Clay-size mica was present in all profiles, and ranged 5-75% over a sericite schist. Mixed-layer mica-smectite and mica-vermiculite were subordinate; discrete smectite and vermiculite were rare. The abundance of halloysite indicates a continuously humid environment since the time of profile formation, because of the rapidity with which halloysite dehydrates irreversibly. -R.S.M.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southeastern Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00383678","usgsCitation":"Loferski, P., 1981, Clay mineralogy of weathering profiles from the Carolina Piedmont.: Southeastern Geology, v. 22, no. 4, p. 193-202.","startPage":"193","endPage":"202","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f639e4b0c8380cd4c61a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loferski, P. J.","contributorId":12841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loferski","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":93987,"text":"93987 - 1981 - Nutrient requirements of coldwater fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:53","indexId":"93987","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Nutrient requirements of coldwater fishes","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Academy Press","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C","collaboration":"None/TL","usgsCitation":"Rumsey, G.L., Garling, D., Halver, J., Poston, H.A., Slinger, S., and Windell, J., 1981, Nutrient requirements of coldwater fishes, v. 16.","numberOfPages":"63","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":127234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696784","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rumsey, G. L.","contributorId":80604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rumsey","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garling, D.L. Jr.","contributorId":34071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garling","given":"D.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halver, J.E.","contributorId":88675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halver","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poston, H. A.","contributorId":21893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poston","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Slinger, S.J.","contributorId":22272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slinger","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Windell, J.T.","contributorId":7215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Windell","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":93994,"text":"93994 - 1981 - Parasitic infections of economic importance in fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:53","indexId":"93994","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Parasitic infections of economic importance in fishes","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Review of Advances in Parasitology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"DWN Polish Scientific Publishers","publisherLocation":"Warsaw, Poland","collaboration":"None/FF","usgsCitation":"Bauer, O., Egusa, S., and Hoffman, G.L., 1981, Parasitic infections of economic importance in fishes, chap. of Review of Advances in Parasitology, p. 425-443.","productDescription":"p. 425-443","startPage":"425","endPage":"443","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127187,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6891c2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Slusarski, W.","contributorId":112884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slusarski","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505217,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Bauer, O.N.","contributorId":35671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"O.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Egusa, S.","contributorId":14329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Egusa","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoffman, G. 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This earthquake, which occurred at 5:2 in the morning just as the dawn was breaking, came from rupture of the San Andreas fault from San Juan Bautista (near Hollister) northqard for 270 miles to the coast near Eureka. Buildings were damaged everywhere in this region, for a north-south distance of 370 miles, from Arcata to Salinas, and an east-west width of 50 miles inland from the coast. The larger cities of San Francisco, Sna Jose, and Santa Rosa suffered the msot severe damage.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Nason, R.D., 1981, The great San Francisco earthquake: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 13, no. 2, p. 40-42.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"42","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319283,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.81616210937499,\n 38.843986129756615\n ],\n [\n -121.1407470703125,\n 37.32648861334206\n ],\n [\n -120.94299316406249,\n 36.71687068791304\n ],\n [\n -120.69580078125001,\n 36.20439070158873\n ],\n [\n -121.6241455078125,\n 36.071302299422406\n ],\n [\n -123.48632812499999,\n 38.749799358878526\n ],\n [\n -122.81616210937499,\n 38.843986129756615\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be54e4b0f59b85e02f3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nason, R. D.","contributorId":167740,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nason","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70164470,"text":"70164470 - 1981 - Charles Darwin and the 1835 earthquake at Concepcion, Chile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-22T12:01:14","indexId":"70164470","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Charles Darwin and the 1835 earthquake at Concepcion, Chile","docAbstract":"On a stormy night in October 1836, H.M.S Beagle hove to and dropped anchor at Falmouth, a remote harbor in southwest England. Charles Darwin, the ship's naturalist, came ashore to take the mail coach to Shrewsbury. This was inauspicious end to an epic 5-year voyage around the coast of South America, the results of which were to have a tumultuous impact on scientific thought that has lasted to this day.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Spall, H., 1981, Charles Darwin and the 1835 earthquake at Concepcion, Chile: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 13, no. 1, p. 13-17.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316631,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Chile","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.223876953125,\n -36.5670120564234\n ],\n [\n -72.8668212890625,\n -36.60891366719366\n ],\n [\n -72.94647216796874,\n -36.9806150652861\n ],\n [\n -73.27606201171875,\n -36.93891618281858\n ],\n [\n -73.223876953125,\n -36.5670120564234\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b5d5d0e4b0cc799981716a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spall, H.","contributorId":99290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spall","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012081,"text":"70012081 - 1981 - Concentration of some platinum-group metals in coal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-24T01:41:31.292194","indexId":"70012081","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentration of some platinum-group metals in coal","docAbstract":"New data on some platinum group metals in coal indicate that the concentration of Pt is generally less than about 5 ppb, that of Pd is generally less than 1 ppb, and that of Rh is generally less than 0.5 ppb. No conclusive evidence was obtained concerning the mode of occurrence of these elements in coal.
The 1-m.y.-old Bosumtwi Crater, Ghana, has a nearly circular shape with a rim diameter of 11 km north-south and 10 km east-west. It is surrounded by a circular depression and an outer ridge of diameter 20 km. Polymict breccias averaging at least 20 m thick with clasts as much as 5 m long occur on the outer ridge, and the crater rim shows in situ shattered rock. Patches of suevite have been found in the circular depression north and south of the crater.
\nAnalogy with better-known craters suggests that Bosumtwi has a central uplift rising to 200 m beneath the lake floor. An aeromagnetic anomaly of amplitude 50 nanotesla (nT) over the northern half of the lake is interpreted as due to a layer of magnetized fallback breccia beneath the lake sediments. The normal polarity of the breccia shows that the crater was formed during the normal Jaramillo event of 0.97 to 0.85 m.y. ago, which agrees with the magnetic stratigraphy of the related Ivory Coast microtektites. A regional gravity survey indicates a negative Bouguer anomaly over the crater. There is some geochemical evidence that the meteorite was an iron, and its mass and energy are suggested as about 108 tons and 3 × 1019 joules or 7.3 × 103 megatons.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<342:TLBICG>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Jones, W.B., Bacon, M., and Hastings, D.A., 1981, The Lake Bosumtwi impact crater, Ghana: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 96, no. 6, p. 342-349, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<342:TLBICG>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"342","endPage":"349","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297859,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Ghana","otherGeospatial":"Lake Bosumtwi","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -1.4539718627929688,\n 6.465763045384181\n ],\n [\n -1.4539718627929688,\n 6.5442189000405255\n ],\n [\n -1.3667678833007812,\n 6.5442189000405255\n ],\n [\n -1.3667678833007812,\n 6.465763045384181\n ],\n [\n -1.4539718627929688,\n 6.465763045384181\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"96","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c6ae4b08de9379b37bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, William B.","contributorId":139128,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bacon, Michael","contributorId":139129,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bacon","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hastings, David A.","contributorId":138985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hastings","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012059,"text":"70012059 - 1981 - Determination of kaolinite in coal by infrared spectroscopy: A comment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-02T17:09:33.962628","indexId":"70012059","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1709,"text":"Fuel","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of kaolinite in coal by infrared spectroscopy: A comment","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-2361(81)90170-8","issn":"00162361","usgsCitation":"Finkelman, R.B., Fiene, F., and Painter, P., 1981, Determination of kaolinite in coal by infrared spectroscopy: A comment: Fuel, v. 60, no. 7, p. 643-644, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(81)90170-8.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"643","endPage":"644","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221926,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffb0e4b0c8380cd4f325","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finkelman, R. B.","contributorId":20341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fiene, F.L.","contributorId":66237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fiene","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Painter, P.C.","contributorId":11477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Painter","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70164469,"text":"70164469 - 1981 - The 1906 earthquake at Palo Alto, California; an interview with Birge M. Clark","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-22T11:54:39","indexId":"70164469","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 1906 earthquake at Palo Alto, California; an interview with Birge M. Clark","docAbstract":"Mr.Birge M. Clark, an architect in Palo Alto, Calif., was living in Palo Alto at the time of the 1906 earthquake. his father-in-law was Professor S. D. Townley, well known for his 1939 compilation, with Maxwell W. Allen, of earthquakes along the Pacific coast from 1769 to 1928.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Spall, H., 1981, The 1906 earthquake at Palo Alto, California; an interview with Birge M. Clark: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 13, no. 2, p. 43-48.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"48","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316630,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Palo Alto","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.16659545898438,\n 37.50073805642874\n ],\n [\n -122.25414276123047,\n 37.4356124041315\n ],\n [\n -122.09175109863281,\n 37.338227037373784\n ],\n [\n -122.04883575439453,\n 37.42934208958977\n ],\n [\n -122.11029052734374,\n 37.47649287472636\n ],\n [\n -122.13226318359375,\n 37.50836412665648\n ],\n [\n -122.15080261230469,\n 37.50427882876826\n ],\n [\n -122.16659545898438,\n 37.50073805642874\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b5d65de4b0cc79998173a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spall, H.","contributorId":99290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spall","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}