{"pageNumber":"5502","pageRowStart":"137525","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165626,"records":[{"id":1007712,"text":"1007712 - 1975 - Depredation of sea otter pups by bald eagles at Amchitka Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-10T16:08:34.528918","indexId":"1007712","displayToPublicDate":"1975-08-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depredation of sea otter pups by bald eagles at Amchitka Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1379491","usgsCitation":"Sherrod, S., Estes, J.A., and White, C., 1975, Depredation of sea otter pups by bald eagles at Amchitka Island, Alaska: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 56, no. 3, p. 701-703, https://doi.org/10.2307/1379491.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"701","endPage":"703","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131369,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Amchitka Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              178.60450312552024,\n              51.69337089902754\n            ],\n            [\n              178.60450312552024,\n              51.314813428535444\n            ],\n            [\n              179.4860070358685,\n              51.314813428535444\n            ],\n            [\n              179.4860070358685,\n              51.69337089902754\n            ],\n            [\n              178.60450312552024,\n              51.69337089902754\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab1e4b07f02db66e662","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherrod, Steve","contributorId":65807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, C.M.","contributorId":97459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1001329,"text":"1001329 - 1975 - Home range defense in the red fox, Vulpes vulpes L.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-10T15:41:42.439559","indexId":"1001329","displayToPublicDate":"1975-08-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Home range defense in the red fox, Vulpes vulpes L.","docAbstract":"<p><span>This paper describes the home range defense behavior observed when nonresident male red foxes were introduced into established home ranges of resident male-female pairs. In 12 observation periods, four intruders were introduced to each of three mated pairs which had been given three weeks to acclimate to a 4.05-hectare, fenced enclosure. The residents centered their activities around a natural den and the frequency of intruder-resident encounters decreased rapidly with increasing distance from the den. The primary home range defense was continual harassment of the intruders by the resident males through agonistic displays and chases. Physical contact was rare. Even though the resident males were dominant in less than a majority of the interactions observed, they were usually successful in displacing the intruders within a few hours. The resident females seldom interacted with the intruders.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1379477","usgsCitation":"Preston, E., 1975, Home range defense in the red fox, Vulpes vulpes L.: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 56, no. 3, p. 645-652, https://doi.org/10.2307/1379477.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"645","endPage":"652","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133733,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a86eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Preston, E.M.","contributorId":104009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Preston","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70010117,"text":"70010117 - 1975 - Earthquake shaking and damage to buildings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-22T16:09:59.323207","indexId":"70010117","displayToPublicDate":"1975-08-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake shaking and damage to buildings","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ground shaking close to the causative fault of an earthquake is more intense than it was previously believed to be. This raises the possibility that large numbers of buildings and other structures are not sufficiently resistant for the intense levels of shaking that can occur close to the fault. Many structures were built before earthquake codes were adopted; others were built according to codes formulated when less was known about the intensity of near-fault shaking. Although many building types are more resistant than conventional design analyses imply, the margin of safety is difficult to quantify. Many modern structures, such as freeways, have not been subjected to and tested by near-fault shaking in major earthquakes (magnitude 7 or greater). Damage patterns in recent moderate-sized earthquakes occurring in or adjacent to urbanized areas, however, indicate that many structures, including some modern ones designed to meet earthquake code requirements, cannot withstand the severe shaking that can occur close to a fault.</span></p><p><span>It is necessary to review the ground motion assumed and the methods utilized in the design of important existing structures and, if necessary, to strengthen or modify the use of structures that are found to be weak. New structures situated close to active faults should be designed on the basis of ground motion estimates greater than those used in the past.</span></p><p><span>The ultimate balance between risk of earthquake losses and cost for both remedial strengthening and improved earthquake-resistant construction must be decided by the public. Scientists and engineers must inform the public about earthquake shaking and its effect on structures.</span></p><p><span>The exposure to damage from seismic shaking is steadily increasing because of continuing urbanization and the increasing complexity of lifeline systems, such as power, water, transportation, and communication systems. In the near future we should expect additional painful examples of the damage potential of moderate-sized earthquakes in urban areas. Over a longer time span, however, we can significantly reduce the risk to life and property from seismic shaking through better land utilization, improved building codes and construction practices, and at least the gradual replacement of poor buildings by more resistant buildings.</span></p><p><span>Progress toward reducing risk from seismic shaking through better building design is slowed by deficiencies in our knowledge about the nature of damaging ground motion and the failure mechanisms in structures. For example, lacking observational data, seismologists must rely on simplified theoretical and numerical models of the earthquake process to estimate near-fault ground motion, especially for earthquakes as large as magnitude 7 and 8. Because such models have not been adequately tested against data, their reliability is unknown. Engineers lack detailed information about failure processes in structures during an earthquake. Although many structures have been instrumented to measure their response to an earthquake, few records have been obtained from buildings that actually sustained significant structural damage and few structures are properly instrumented to measure all the modes of deformation that are likely to contribute to failure. Moreover, the fact that many structures have withstood ground motion more intense than that assumed in their design indicates that conventional methods of design do not take into account important contributions to earthquake resistance by nonstructural elements and by the ability of structural elements to deform inelastically without necessarily causing failure of the structure. It is fortunate when such reserve resistance exists, but better understanding of the sources of reserve strength is needed to determine how large a margin of safety they confer and how they might be affected by changes in construction practices and materials with time.</span></p><p><span>In the next few years we look forward to significant advances in knowledge and to more effective application of what is already known, largely because of substantial funding of research related to seismic engineering by the National Science Foundation . The increasing number of strong-motion seismographs operating in seismically active regions will likely provide for the first time a number of records of damaging levels of ground motion. Significant effort is being directed toward obtaining near-fault records, although many probable sites of future large earthquakes remain inadequately instrumented, especially outside the conterminous United States. New and more complete information on building response and damage mechanisms will be obtained by improved instrumentation of structures and through laboratory investigations of failure in structures and structural elements. Further developments in computer technology and in computer modeling techniques will permit more realistic simulations of the seismic response of soils and structures that take into account their inelastic behavior and their strain-dependent properties. Earthquake design codes will continually be revised to better utilize existing knowledge concerning the nature of strong ground motion and the dynamic behavior of buildings during earthquakes and to incorporate new knowledge and also experiences gained from future earthquakes. We believe that application of new knowledge, improvements in earthquake-resistant design and construction, and remedial strengthening or replacement of weak existing structures can significantly reduce our current level of exposure to earthquake hazards.</span></p><p><span><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.189.4203.601","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Page, R., Joyner, W.B., and Blume, J., 1975, Earthquake shaking and damage to buildings: Science, v. 189, no. 4203, p. 601-608, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.189.4203.601.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"601","endPage":"608","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218844,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"189","issue":"4203","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0503e4b0c8380cd50bfa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Page, R.A.","contributorId":40197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Joyner, W. B.","contributorId":70746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joyner","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blume, J.A.","contributorId":27600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blume","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70175789,"text":"70175789 - 1975 - Status of projects in Minnesota, fiscal years 1975-76","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T11:55:55","indexId":"70175789","displayToPublicDate":"1975-07-17T11:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Status of projects in Minnesota, fiscal years 1975-76","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/70175789","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1975, Status of projects in Minnesota, fiscal years 1975-76, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70175789.","productDescription":"55 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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,{"id":70171261,"text":"70171261 - 1975 - Injection-pipe system for artificial recharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T11:05:32","indexId":"70171261","displayToPublicDate":"1975-07-16T09:45:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Injection-pipe system for artificial recharge","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Reeder, H., 1975, Injection-pipe system for artificial recharge: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 4, p. 501-503.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"501","endPage":"503","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321703,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57481e36e4b07e28b664dbce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reeder, H.O.","contributorId":108169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeder","given":"H.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70232620,"text":"70232620 - 1975 - Effects of sediment control on sediment transport in the northwest branch Anacostia River basin, Montgomery County, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-08T19:55:23.69039","indexId":"70232620","displayToPublicDate":"1975-07-01T14:42:45","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of sediment control on sediment transport in the northwest branch Anacostia River basin, Montgomery County, Maryland","docAbstract":"<p>Streamflow and sediment were monitored in an urbanizing drainage basin in southeastern Montgomery County, Md., from 1962 to 1972. During this period, urban construction areas averaged about 3 percent of the 21.1 mi<sup>2</sup> (54.6 km<sup>2</sup>) basin. Urban land increased from 3.5 percent in 1959 to 20 percent in 1971. Virtually all the suspended sediment was transported during storms; three-fourths of it, during large storms. High sediment yields were observed in February, March, June, and August; and low yields, generally from September through January. The decrease in sediment discharge in the latter half of the study period is attributed to a sediment-control program. Sediment discharge decreased 35 percent between 1967 and 1972, when effective control measures were installed on about half the construction sites.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","collaboration":"Work done in cooperation with the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission (Montgomery County and Prince Georges County Planning Boards), the Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission, the District of Columbia Department of Environmental Services, the Montgomery County Department of Environmental Protection, and the Maryland Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Yorke, T.H., 1975, Effects of sediment control on sediment transport in the northwest branch Anacostia River basin, Montgomery County, Maryland: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 4, p. 487-494.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"487","endPage":"494","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403310,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403308,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue4/report.pdf","size":"24671 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Montgomery County","otherGeospatial":"Anacostia River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.13226318359375,\n              39.061715844912854\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.9782829284668,\n              39.061715844912854\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.9782829284668,\n              39.15389191573742\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.13226318359375,\n              39.15389191573742\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.13226318359375,\n              39.061715844912854\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yorke, Thomas H.","contributorId":83109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yorke","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70232619,"text":"70232619 - 1975 - Determination of tungsten in geologic materials by neutron activation analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-08T19:40:34.379862","indexId":"70232619","displayToPublicDate":"1975-07-01T14:31:19","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of tungsten in geologic materials by neutron activation analysis","docAbstract":"<p>A method is described for the determination of tungsten in geologic materials. After fusion with sodium peroxide, tungsten is isolated by extraction into chloroform with a-benzoinoxime, back extraction into aqueous potassium hydroxide, and precipitation with a-benzoinoxime. The activities of the 0.13 and 0.48 MeV gamma rays are measured. The activity of the 0.155 MeV gamma ray of <sup>188</sup>Re (<sup>188</sup>W), added prior to the fusion, is measured to determine the yield; yields normally range from 40 to 90 percent. The coefficients of variation for less than part-per-million concentrations of tungsten are normally &lt;20 percent; the limit of detection is 0.005 ppm for a 100-mg sample. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Simon, F.O., and Rollinson, C.L., 1975, Determination of tungsten in geologic materials by neutron activation analysis: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 4, p. 475-478.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"475","endPage":"478","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403305,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403304,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue4/report.pdf","size":"24671 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simon, Frederick Otto","contributorId":30616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"Otto","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rollinson, Carl L.","contributorId":48309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rollinson","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70232618,"text":"70232618 - 1975 - Radiochemical determination of very low concentrations of nickel in rocks and minerals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-08T19:29:52.793712","indexId":"70232618","displayToPublicDate":"1975-07-01T14:11:33","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiochemical determination of very low concentrations of nickel in rocks and minerals","docAbstract":"<p> A radiochemical procedure has been developed for the determination of very low concentrations of nickel in rocks and minerals. Sensitivity is 0.01 <i><span>μ</span></i>g Ni. Accuracy and precision is estimated to be ±5 percent to levels as low as 0.1 <i><span>μ</span></i>g Ni a marked improvement over other analytical techniques. Samples are irradiated, combined with nickel carrier, and treated by a series of chemical procedures: (1) collection of nickel in a lead bead using a fire-assay technique, (2) refusion of the lead bead and precipitation of basic element hydroxides, (3) anion-exchange chromatography, and (4) precipitation of nickel dimethylglyoxime. The nickel precipitate is weighed to determine chemical yield and counted for <i><span>β</span></i> activity of Ni<span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"><sup>65</sup></span> along with a precipitate from irradiated nickel standard solution.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Zielinski, R.A., 1975, Radiochemical determination of very low concentrations of nickel in rocks and minerals: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 4, p. 467-473.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"467","endPage":"473","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403302,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403300,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue4/report.pdf","size":"24671 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zielinski, Robert A. 0000-0002-4047-5129 rzielinski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":1593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"Robert","email":"rzielinski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":846082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70232596,"text":"70232596 - 1975 - Whitlockite and apatite of surficial phosphate occurrences on Enderbury Island, Phoenix Islands, Pacific Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-07T19:06:29.81188","indexId":"70232596","displayToPublicDate":"1975-07-01T13:46:52","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Whitlockite and apatite of surficial phosphate occurrences on Enderbury Island, Phoenix Islands, Pacific Ocean","docAbstract":"<p>Whitlockite and apatite are the principal phosphate minerals in the surficial deposits of Enderbury Island; monetite and brushite are present in small amounts. All are derived from the guano of sea birds. The abundance of whitlockite discovered on Enderbury, and reported in samples from Remire Island in the Indian Ocean, indicates that the mineral is probably of common occurrence in young insular phosphate deposits. The composition of whitlockite from Enderbury Island is roughly (Ca, Mg, Sr, Na)<sub>3</sub> (PO<sub>4</sub>, CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, similar to the composition indicated for other insular occurrences by the sparse data available. The variety of apatite found on the island is carbonate fluor-hydroxylapatite, low in fluorine content. Whitlockite appears to have formed directly from guano components in surficial aqueous solutions, possibly accompanied by apatite, but changes with time to apatite.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Gulbrandsen, R.A., 1975, Whitlockite and apatite of surficial phosphate occurrences on Enderbury Island, Phoenix Islands, Pacific Ocean: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 4, p. 409-414.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"409","endPage":"414","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403211,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403207,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue4/report.pdf","size":"24671 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Kiribati","otherGeospatial":"Enderbury Island, Phoenix Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -171.08957290649414,\n              -3.1473722243542896\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.08699798583984,\n              -3.1476293279912375\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.0820198059082,\n              -3.146343809172143\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.07755661010742,\n              -3.1454867957452235\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.0768699645996,\n              -3.1454867957452235\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.0747241973877,\n              -3.144201274284055\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.07412338256836,\n              -3.1418873316617173\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.07755661010742,\n              -3.1336599385978676\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.07995986938477,\n              -3.1251753717594917\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.08064651489258,\n              -3.1214044311339335\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.0813331604004,\n              -3.118490513198012\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.0820198059082,\n              -3.1154908833598536\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.08176231384277,\n              -3.1109485704785547\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.08176231384277,\n              -3.109234485058147\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.08141899108887,\n              -3.1063205334516013\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.0820198059082,\n              -3.1045207357940066\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.08365058898926,\n              -3.1030637544918918\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.08665466308594,\n              -3.102806639935934\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.0889720916748,\n              -3.1038350977844456\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.091890335083,\n              -3.1067490562512696\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.0930061340332,\n              -3.109234485058147\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.09249114990234,\n              -3.1174620696454958\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.0922336578369,\n              -3.1207188041110774\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.09249114990234,\n              -3.1267180253834557\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.0926628112793,\n              -3.1328886171794132\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.09249114990234,\n              -3.1427443480460817\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.09163284301758,\n              -3.14497258735092\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.08957290649414,\n              -3.1473722243542896\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gulbrandsen, R. A.","contributorId":48543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gulbrandsen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70232617,"text":"70232617 - 1975 - Morphology and phylogeny of the coccolithophycean family Ceratolithaceae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-08T19:04:04.452525","indexId":"70232617","displayToPublicDate":"1975-07-01T13:45:56","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphology and phylogeny of the coccolithophycean family Ceratolithaceae","docAbstract":"<p>The family Ceratolithaceae includes a group of horseshoe-shaped calcareous nannofossils and contains ten species which are assignable to two genera: <i>Amaurolithus</i> n. gen. and <i>Ceratolithus</i>. Species of <i>Amaurolithus</i> are characterized by showing faint or no birefringence in cross-polarized light when viewed in preferred orientation. Included in <i>Amaurolithus</i> are <i>A. amplificus</i> (Bukry and Percival), <i>A. Mzzarus</i> (Bukry), A. delicatus n. sp., <i>A. primus</i> (Bukry and Percival), and <i>A. tricorniculatus</i> (Gartner). Species of <i>Ceratolithus</i> are characterized by their strong birefringence in cross-polarized light when viewed in preferred orientation. <i>Ceratolithus</i> includes <i>C. acutus</i> Gartner and Bukry, <i>C. armatus</i> Miiller, <i>C. cristatus</i> Kamptner, <i>C. rugosus</i> Bukry and Bramlette, and <i>C. telesmus</i> Norris. The family first appears in the geologic record during the late Miocene, represented by the nonbirefringent-appearing species that constitute the genus <i>Amaurolithus</i>. A succession of these species persists into the early Pliocene. The distinctly birefringent forms assigned to the genus <i>Ceratolithus</i> first appear near the base of the Pliocene; the succession has persisted to modern time.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Gartner, S., and Bukry, D., 1975, Morphology and phylogeny of the coccolithophycean family Ceratolithaceae: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 4, p. 451-465.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"451","endPage":"465","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403291,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403289,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue4/report.pdf","size":"24671 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gartner, Stefan","contributorId":205466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gartner","given":"Stefan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bukry, David 0000-0003-4540-890X dbukry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4540-890X","contributorId":3550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bukry","given":"David","email":"dbukry@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":846081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70232595,"text":"70232595 - 1975 - Computer-generated shaded-relief images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-07T18:45:32.59653","indexId":"70232595","displayToPublicDate":"1975-07-01T13:38:06","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Computer-generated shaded-relief images","docAbstract":"<p> Digital image-processing techniques have been developed to make shaded-relief images from digitized topographic data. The resulting images have at least two advantages over aerial photographs: (1) The images are true map projections containing no relief-induced distortion, and (2) tonal variation is unambiguously identified with relief, rather than with snow, vegetation, or other albedo variations. Parallax can be introduced into these images in the computer, and stereoscopic pairs can thus be created.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Batson, R.M., Edwards, K., and Eliason, E.M., 1975, Computer-generated shaded-relief images: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 4, p. 401-408.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"401","endPage":"408","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403204,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403202,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue4/report.pdf","size":"24671 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Batson, R. M.","contributorId":76714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, Kathleen","contributorId":43833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Kathleen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eliason, E. M.","contributorId":93113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eliason","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70232594,"text":"70232594 - 1975 - Origin of lunar light plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-07T18:33:35.128753","indexId":"70232594","displayToPublicDate":"1975-07-01T13:16:31","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of lunar light plains","docAbstract":"<p>Most Cayley-type Imbrian-age plains deposits and adjacent mantled slopes, including those at the Apollo 16 site, may be composed at least near the surface of ejecta from the Orientale basin, the youngest multiringed impact basin on the Moon. The distribution and apparent age of the plains deposits and preliminary data on the highly feldspathic breccias collected by the Apollo 16 crew indicate that these surficial materials are neither locally derived nor part of the Imbrium ejecta. Stratigraphic relations, crater size-frequency distributions, and dating by erosional morphology of superposed craters have established Cayley light-plains deposits as younger than the Imbrium basin and older than mare material. All such crater-dated Cayley-type plains on both the near and far sides of the Moon are contemporaneous within the limits of the technique. Furthermore, comparisons of the crater size-frequency distributions of the Hevelius Formation (Orientale ejecta) and the plains show that the Cayley and Hevelius Formations are indistinguishable in age. The surface and near-surface materials of the Apollo 16 plains, therefore, are contemporaneous with Orientale basin ejecta not with Imbrium ejecta, in which both crater densities and crater degradation are greater than in the light plains. Imbrium ejecta may, however, be present on the surface at the Apollo 16 site where excavated by craters from depth. Limited age data now available on the Apollo 16 samples are consistent with this interpretation. We conclude that rocks of Orientale provenance may be predominant on and near the surface at the Apollo 16 site. This hypothesis implies that the catastrophic Orientale impact struck a highland area underlain by highly feldspathic material and spread it over much of the Moon. Thus, much of the lunar highlands crust need not consist of anorthositic materials to any significant depth. These conclusions apply to the plains at the Apollo 16 site and most of the other Cayley-type plains, but we do not exclude the possibility that, moonwide, the plains may be polygenetic.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Chao, E.C., Hodges, C.A., Boyce, J.M., and Soderblom, L., 1975, Origin of lunar light plains: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 4, p. 379-392.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"379","endPage":"392","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403200,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403198,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue4/report.pdf","size":"24671 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chao, E. C. T.","contributorId":96713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"C. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hodges, Carroll Ann","contributorId":99144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodges","given":"Carroll","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyce, J. M.","contributorId":85952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyce","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Soderblom, L.A. 0000-0002-0917-853X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":6139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70232616,"text":"70232616 - 1975 - Early Ordovician gastropod opercula and epicontinental seas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-08T18:43:19.705343","indexId":"70232616","displayToPublicDate":"1975-07-01T13:15:29","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early Ordovician gastropod opercula and epicontinental seas","docAbstract":"<p>Collections made for some years from Lower Ordovician rocks by many geologists have established that the heavy calcareous operculum of the gastropod Ceratopea is almost never found associated with a shell and that commonly this operculum is secondarily silicified. Ceratopea may have lived in a stressed habitat and may have been essentially the only shelled invertebrate present. Presumably these animals grazed on algal mats and mounds growing in areas of water slightly more saline than open marine water and were killed by an influx of hypersaline water. Subsequent decay of soft parts would permit the operculum to rot off and would also lighten the shell so that it could float away. Pene-contemporaneous silicification of calcareous opercula on the Ordovician sea bottom is postulated.</p><p>Some Middle Ordovician opercula of the Middle to Late Ordovician genus Maclurites serve to test this speculation. These opercula also occur in geologic settings which may be interpreted in terms of kill of animal, wafting away of shell, and secondary silicification of operculum.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Yochelson, E.L., 1975, Early Ordovician gastropod opercula and epicontinental seas: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 4, p. 447-450.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"447","endPage":"450","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403287,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403285,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue4/report.pdf","size":"24671 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Greenland, Norway, United States","state":"Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, Newfoundland and Labrador, New Mexico, New York, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Spitsbergen, Svalbard","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n        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,{"id":5221154,"text":"5221154 - 1975 - Status of the wolf in Michigan, 1973","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-15T17:04:06.680209","indexId":"5221154","displayToPublicDate":"1975-07-01T12:17:59","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status of the wolf in Michigan, 1973","docAbstract":"<p>Wolf (<i>Canis lupus</i>) numbers in Michigan's Upper Peninsula declined from an estimated 45-50 animals in the mid-1950s to near extinction in 1973, probably because of overharvesting through the bounty system. Sporadic breeding and occasional immigration of wolves from Ontario and Minnesota are postulated to be the factors tending to maintain the present population at the level of perhaps six individuals, with illegal shooting and incidental capture by coyote bounty trappers apparently suppressing it.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.2307/2424554","usgsCitation":"Hendrickson, J., and Robinson, W.L., 1975, Status of the wolf in Michigan, 1973: American Midland Naturalist, v. 94, no. 1, p. 226-232, https://doi.org/10.2307/2424554.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"226","endPage":"232","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198592,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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L.","contributorId":43882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5221004,"text":"5221004 - 1975 - Incidence of ingested lead shot in sora rails","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-18T18:34:17.095916","indexId":"5221004","displayToPublicDate":"1975-07-01T12:17:59","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incidence of ingested lead shot in sora rails","docAbstract":"<p>Gizzards of 934 sora rails (<i>Porzana carolina</i>) collected in Maryland (767) and Missouri (167) were examined for ingested shot. Ingested shot were found in 12.3 percent of the Maryland sample and 1.8 percent of the Missouri birds. Individual Maryland birds had ingested up to 28 pellets. None of the lead pellets examined was larger than a No. 7 1/2 shot. Maryland ingestion rates did not differ by age or sex, but significant differences between collection areas, groups of years, and collection periods within years were indicated. This exploratory work points out a potential lead poisoning problem among sora rails.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3800393","usgsCitation":"Artmann, J., and Martin, E., 1975, Incidence of ingested lead shot in sora rails: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 39, no. 3, p. 514-519, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800393.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"514","endPage":"519","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197252,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","volume":"39","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f57bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Artmann, J.W.","contributorId":35844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artmann","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, E.M.","contributorId":55917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70231227,"text":"70231227 - 1975 - Evaluation of LANDSAT-2 (ERTS) images applied to geologic structures and mineral resources of South America: Type II progress report for period March 14, 1975-June 30, 1975","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-03T16:32:52.624695","indexId":"70231227","displayToPublicDate":"1975-07-01T11:22:56","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Evaluation of LANDSAT-2 (ERTS) images applied to geologic structures and mineral resources of South America: Type II progress report for period March 14, 1975-June 30, 1975","docAbstract":"<p>The author has identified the following significant results. Work with the Image 100 clearly demonstrates that radiance values of LANDSAT data can be used for correlation of geologic formations across international boundaries. The Totora Formation of the Corocoro Group of Tertiary age was traced from known outcrops near Tiahuanaco, Bolivia, along the south side of Lake Titicaca westward into Peru where the same rocks are considered to be Cretaceous in age. This inconsistency suggests: (1) that a review of this formation is needed by joint geological surveys of both countries to determine similarities, differences, and the true age; (2) that recognition of the extension of the copper-bearing Totora Formation of Bolivia into Peru may provide Peru with a new target for exploration. Equal radiance maps made by use of the Image 100 system show as many as eight different units within salar deposits (salt flats) of the Bolivian Altiplano. Standard film processed images show them as nearly uniform areas of white because of lack of dynamic range in film products. The Image 100 system, therefore, appears to be of great assistance in subdividing the salt flats on the basis of moisture distribution, surface roughness, and distribution of windblown materials. Field work is needed to determine these relationships to mineral composition and distribution. Images representing seasonal changes should also improve the accuracy of such maps. Radiance values of alteration zones related to the occurrence of porphyry copper ores were measured at the San Juan del Abra deposit of northern Chile using the Image 100 system. The extent to which these same values may be used to detect similar alteration zones in other areas has not yet been tested.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"Carter, W.D., 1975, Evaluation of LANDSAT-2 (ERTS) images applied to geologic structures and mineral resources of South America: Type II progress report for period March 14, 1975-June 30, 1975, 45 p.","productDescription":"45 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400070,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":400067,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19760013509/downloads/19760013509.pdf","size":"4,439 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Bolivia, Chile, Peru","otherGeospatial":"Bolivian Altiplano, Lake 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William D.","contributorId":64567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70232615,"text":"70232615 - 1975 - Palynological evidence for late Cretaceous, Paleocene, and early and middle Eocene ages for strata in the kaolin belt, central Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-08T15:44:54.624149","indexId":"70232615","displayToPublicDate":"1975-07-01T10:31:43","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Palynological evidence for late Cretaceous, Paleocene, and early and middle Eocene ages for strata in the kaolin belt, central Georgia","docAbstract":"<p>Falynomorphs of Late Cretaceous (Maestrichtian), Paleocene, Paleocene or early Eocene (Wilcox), and middle Eocene (Claiborne) ages have been found in lignitic and carbonaceous clays and silts in the Tuscaloosa Formation, as used in central and east-central Georgia. The occurrence of palynomorphs of Maestrichtian (Navarro) age above thick kaolin deposits at one locality and a suite of Claiborne age fossils below a thick deposit at another locality establish that kaolins of both Late Cretaceous and middle Eocene or younger ages are present. However, the recognition of the Paleocene and middle Eocene beds in the Tuscaloosa Formation of several authors indicates that part of it is much younger than previously thought. The palynomorphs and other characteristics of the carbonaceous materials of Cretaceous and middle Eocene ages indicate freshwater accumulation. The beds of Paleocene age contain both terrestrial and marine forms indicating deposition in marine swamps or estuaries. These findings and the range in ages support the conclusion that the deptositional history of the Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary formations in Georgia is complex.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Tschudy, R.H., and Patterson, S.H., 1975, Palynological evidence for late Cretaceous, Paleocene, and early and middle Eocene ages for strata in the kaolin belt, central Georgia: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 4, p. 437-445.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"437","endPage":"445","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403276,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403275,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue4/report.pdf","size":"24671 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.759521484375,\n              32.55607364492026\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.386474609375,\n              32.55607364492026\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.386474609375,\n              33.8339199536547\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.759521484375,\n              33.8339199536547\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.759521484375,\n              32.55607364492026\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tschudy, Robert H.","contributorId":67879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tschudy","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patterson, Sam H.","contributorId":62996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"Sam","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70232614,"text":"70232614 - 1975 - Ordovician and middle Silurian rocks of the Wildhorse window,  northeastern Pioneer Mountains, central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-08T15:01:46.499533","indexId":"70232614","displayToPublicDate":"1975-07-01T09:14:31","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ordovician and middle Silurian rocks of the Wildhorse window,  northeastern Pioneer Mountains, central Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>Along Wildhorse Creek in the northeastern Pioneer Mountains, autochthonous Ordovician and Silurian rocks of an eastern carbonate assemblage are exposed in a structural window through allochthonous flysch deposits of the Mississippian Copper Basin Group. Graptolite-bearing Middle and Upper Ordovician dolomite and cherty dolomite 210 ft (64 m) thick are lithologically and faunally similar to the Hanson Creek Formation of central Nevada and the Saturday Mountain Formation of central Idaho. <i>Monograptus</i>-bearing Middle Silurian platy limestone at least 130 ft (40 m) thick resembles the Roberts Mountains Formation of central Nevada and rocks improperly designated Trail Creek Formation in the Bayhorse region of central Idaho. Allochthonous age-equivalent units of a more western transitional assemblage (the type Phi Kappa and Trail Creek Formations) occur 5 mi (8 km) west of the Wildhorse window, along the crest of the Pioneer Mountains.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Dover, J.H., and Ross, R.J., 1975, Ordovician and middle Silurian rocks of the Wildhorse window,  northeastern Pioneer Mountains, central Idaho: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 4, p. 431-436.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"431","endPage":"436","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403274,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403273,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue4/report.pdf","size":"24671 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Pioneer Mountains, Wildhorse window","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.23686981201172,\n              43.78621481611623\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.94298553466797,\n              43.78621481611623\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.94298553466797,\n              44.02985227986729\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.23686981201172,\n              44.02985227986729\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.23686981201172,\n              43.78621481611623\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dover, James H.","contributorId":43382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dover","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ross, Reuben James Jr.","contributorId":36911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Reuben","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70232613,"text":"70232613 - 1975 - Age provinces in the basement rocks of Liberia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-11T18:51:47.165112","indexId":"70232613","displayToPublicDate":"1975-07-01T08:49:53","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age provinces in the basement rocks of Liberia","docAbstract":"<p>Fourteen new Rb-Sr ages and 17 new K-Ar ages, when combined with published ages, confirm the previous subdivision of the basement rocks of Liberia into 3 age provinces. The Liberian age province was metamorphosed and intruded 2,700 m.y. ago, but the data suggest that many of the rocks of this province are probably considerably older. The Eburnean age province was metamorphosed approximately 2,150 m.y. ago. Rocks of the Pan-African age province were originally part of the Liberian province, but underwent a relatively intense metamorphism 500 m.y. ago. The K-Ar age patterns suggest that the Pan-African province was uplifted relative to the Liberian province sometime after 500 m.y. ago, but fission-track ages of apatites indicate that any such relative vertical displacements must have occurred prior to 120 m.y. ago.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Hedge, C.E., Marvin, R.F., and Naeser, C.W., 1975, Age provinces in the basement rocks of Liberia: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 4, p. 425-429.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"425","endPage":"429","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403272,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403268,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue4/report.pdf","size":"24671 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Liberia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -11.497192382812498,\n              6.931879889517218\n            ],\n            [\n              -11.4697265625,\n         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]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hedge, Carl E.","contributorId":76299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedge","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marvin, Richard F.","contributorId":23125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naeser, Charles W.","contributorId":76281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70232612,"text":"70232612 - 1975 - Andesite sills in the Red Mountain area, Scapegoat Wilderness, Lewis and Clark County, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-08T13:47:00.634712","indexId":"70232612","displayToPublicDate":"1975-07-01T08:33:07","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Andesite sills in the Red Mountain area, Scapegoat Wilderness, Lewis and Clark County, Montana","docAbstract":"<p>Sills 2-200 ft (0.6-60 in) thick in the Red Mountain area of the Scapegoat Wilderness in northwest Montana consist of altered andesite, basaltic andesite, and dacite and occur over a stratigraphic range of 8,000 ft (2,400 m) in the Helena and Snowslip Formations. The approximate compositional range of the sills is 50-80 percent plagioclase, 0-25 percent orthoclase, and 5-30 percent amphibole, pyroxene, and biotite; the uppermost sill contains about 15 percent quartz in the groundmass. Accessory minerals include quartz, magnetite, ilmenite, apatite, and pyrite. The petrology and alteration of the sills distinguish them from other sills in the region. Field observations and laboratory studies consisting of chemical, isotopic and X-ray analyses, and petrographic and mineralogic investigations suggest that the sills may have been emplaced in Precambrian Y time at about the same time as the extrusion of the Purcell Lava in the vicinity of Glacier National Park. Alternatively, the sills may represent a Precambrian igneous event not previously recognized in the Belt basin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Earhart, R.L., 1975, Andesite sills in the Red Mountain area, Scapegoat Wilderness, Lewis and Clark County, Montana: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 4, p. 415-424.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"415","endPage":"424","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403267,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403265,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue4/report.pdf","size":"24671 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Lewis and Clark County","otherGeospatial":"Red Mountain, Scapegoat Wilderness","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.85774230957031,\n              47.00179736417431\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.64556884765624,\n              47.00179736417431\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.64556884765624,\n              47.172444502751944\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.85774230957031,\n              47.172444502751944\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.85774230957031,\n              47.00179736417431\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Earhart, Robert L.","contributorId":74729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earhart","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70232647,"text":"70232647 - 1975 - The effect of a fuel oil spill on benthic invertebrates and water quality on the Alaskan arctic slope, Happy Valley Creek near Sagwon, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-11T13:55:44.726132","indexId":"70232647","displayToPublicDate":"1975-07-01T08:31:09","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of a fuel oil spill on benthic invertebrates and water quality on the Alaskan arctic slope, Happy Valley Creek near Sagwon, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Samples of aquatic organisms and water were collected upstream and downstream from leaks and spills of arctic diesel fuel oil into Happy Valley Creek near Sagwon, Alaska. All groups of benthic invertebrates were reduced in abundance at the downstream boundary of the spill area, whereas invertebrates at an upstream site were unaffected.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Nauman, J.W., and Kernodle, D.R., 1975, The effect of a fuel oil spill on benthic invertebrates and water quality on the Alaskan arctic slope, Happy Valley Creek near Sagwon, Alaska: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 4, p. 495-500.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"495","endPage":"500","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403365,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403362,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue4/report.pdf","size":"24671 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic, Happy Valley Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -148.85710716247556,\n              69.14222972503215\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.82037162780762,\n              69.14222972503215\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.82037162780762,\n              69.15180817075904\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.85710716247556,\n              69.15180817075904\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.85710716247556,\n              69.14222972503215\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nauman, Jon W.","contributorId":56232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nauman","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kernodle, Donald R.","contributorId":63003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kernodle","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5224722,"text":"5224722 - 1975 - Leucocytozoonosis in Canada Geese at the Seney National Wildlife Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-07T16:32:39.134246","indexId":"5224722","displayToPublicDate":"1975-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Leucocytozoonosis in Canada Geese at the Seney National Wildlife Refuge","docAbstract":"<p><span>A history is given of the Seney National Wildlife Refuge and the losses of goslings of Canada geese (</span><i>Branta canadensis</i><span>) recorded since inception of the refuge in 1935. Since 1960, when more reliable data became available, losses have been extensive every 4 years. Gosling deaths are attributed to the infection with&nbsp;</span><i>Leucocytozoon simondi</i><span>. The blackfly (</span><i>Simulium innocens</i><span>) is considered to be the prime vector in the transmission of this blood parasite to goslings.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-11.3.404","usgsCitation":"Herman, C.M., Barrow, J., and Tarshis, I., 1975, Leucocytozoonosis in Canada Geese at the Seney National Wildlife Refuge: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 11, no. 3, p. 404-411, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-11.3.404.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"404","endPage":"411","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197899,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Seney National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.2766641044198,\n              46.332812268058035\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.2766641044198,\n              46.104797337772396\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.95060333754489,\n              46.104797337772396\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.95060333754489,\n              46.332812268058035\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.2766641044198,\n              46.332812268058035\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ade38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herman, C. M.","contributorId":101335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrow, J.H. Jr.","contributorId":105000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrow","given":"J.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tarshis, I.B.","contributorId":83625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarshis","given":"I.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1014458,"text":"1014458 - 1975 - Requirement of Atlantic salmon for dietary phosphorus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-14T17:34:01.603329","indexId":"1014458","displayToPublicDate":"1975-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Requirement of Atlantic salmon for dietary phosphorus","docAbstract":"<p><span>Triplicate lots of young Atlantic salnon (Salmo salar) were fed a diet containing graded levels of supplemental inorganic phosphorus. The basal diet, containing mainly dehulled soybean meal and other plant materials, provided 40% crude protein, 0.7% phosphorus, 1.5% calcium, and 4,000 IU of supplemental cholecalciferol per kg of diet. Supplements of inorganic phosphorus significantly improved growth, feed utilization, and bone ash content. Inorganic phosphorus supplementation up to 0.6% of the diet increased growth rate and bone ash content; additions beyond this level had little further effect. This study suggests that when young salmon are fed diets containing 0.7% phosphorus from plant sources, the minimum requirement for supplemental inorganic phosphorus is approximately 0.6% of the diet.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1975)104<548:ROASFD>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Ketola, H.G., 1975, Requirement of Atlantic salmon for dietary phosphorus: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 104, no. 3, p. 548-551, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1975)104<548:ROASFD>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"548","endPage":"551","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129943,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62c6de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ketola, H. G.","contributorId":60976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketola","given":"H.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70210083,"text":"70210083 - 1975 - Fertility of eggs produced on territories of vasectomized red-winged blackbirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-13T15:28:00.850396","indexId":"70210083","displayToPublicDate":"1975-06-30T10:21:06","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5932,"text":"Wilson Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fertility of eggs produced on territories of vasectomized red-winged blackbirds","docAbstract":"<p><span>Six male Red-winged Blackbirds scattered throughout 2 marshes were vasectomized in 1971, and their females began laying infertile clutches in 5 days. However, of 39 clutches on their territories, 27 (69%) were fertile. In 1972, 30, 50, and 100% of the males in 3 small isolated marshes were vasectomized, and 44, 33, and 12% of the clutches on their territories were fertile, respectively. All clutches were fertile in a fourth marsh where /// all males were sham-operated. All clutches checked were fertile on territories of fertile males adjacent to sterilized males. During the 2 years there were only 4 partially fertile clutches, 2 each on vasectomized and fertile males' territories. Examination of reproductive tracts of female Red-wings from other marshes showed that sperm retained from copulation were abundant during nest-building or egg-laying but had dropped to a few by hatching. In vasectomy studies, vasectomized males whose territories were the farthest from fertile males had the lowest percentage of fertile clutches. This and other evidence indicated that fertile clutches on territories of vasectomized males may have been due to females being promiscuous with fertile males. The occurrence of fertile clutches on territories of vasectomized males indicates that sterilizing some of the males in a population (as in a chemosterilant program) would not result in a proportional decrease in fertile clutches. However, the decreases achieved (up to 88%), and the probability of better results in an actual program, indicate that male chemosterilization would be a feasible means of reducing Red-wing populations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Bray, O.E., Kennelly, J.J., and Guarino, J.L., 1975, Fertility of eggs produced on territories of vasectomized red-winged blackbirds: Wilson Bulletin, v. 87, no. 2, p. 187-195.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"195","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":374765,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":374764,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4160617"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Jefferson County","city":"Lakewood","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.13229370117188,\n              39.6551344406674\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.03719329833984,\n              39.6551344406674\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.03719329833984,\n              39.72620102617506\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.13229370117188,\n              39.72620102617506\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.13229370117188,\n              39.6551344406674\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"87","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bray, Olin E.","contributorId":224675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bray","given":"Olin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennelly, James J.","contributorId":33962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennelly","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guarino, Joseph L.","contributorId":57519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guarino","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70199437,"text":"70199437 - 1975 - An empirical note on firm performance in government contract markets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-29T16:00:14.427518","indexId":"70199437","displayToPublicDate":"1975-06-15T10:05:01","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5744,"text":"The Journal of Industrial Economics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An empirical note on firm performance in government contract markets","docAbstract":"<p>Public construction and, in particular, highway construction account for a large proportion of the non-defense expenditures by the government. Con- tracts for highway construction are let almost exclusively through a sealed tender process. Competitive bidding is used to encourage price competition. There is, however, a problem in insuring that the bidder is able to deliver the product of specified quality and within a particular time period. Hence, in regulating such markets for product performance the bidding authority may wish to exclude bidders who cannot demonstrate that they are qualified to perform the specified service. In this paper, data from state highway departments are used to indicate the consequences of such exclusive policies in terms of market performance. The results obtained are consistent with traditional theory and present an interesting addition to the more specialized literature on participation of private firms in government markets.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/2098298","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E., and Johnson, S.R., 1975, An empirical note on firm performance in government contract markets: The Journal of Industrial Economics, v. 23, no. 4, p. 313-320, https://doi.org/10.2307/2098298.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"313","endPage":"320","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357422,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, Emil D. 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":198728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil D.","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, S. R.","contributorId":361848,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"S.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}