{"pageNumber":"5505","pageRowStart":"137600","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184880,"records":[{"id":70011698,"text":"70011698 - 1981 - Mt. St. Helens: evidence of increased magmatic gas component","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:26","indexId":"70011698","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mt. St. Helens: evidence of increased magmatic gas component","docAbstract":"This paper presents measurements of SO2 flux and ash leachate chemistry from Mt. St. Helens volcano during the period May 18 to July 22 which are in contrast to similar data from before May 18. Comparison of post-18 May SO2 data with similar data from other volcanoes leads to the conclusion that between 15 and 25 May the SO2 flux reached typical magmatic levels. Ash leachate chemistry from the eruption of 18 May, 22 June and 22 July also indicate a large magmatic gas component. Concentrations of Cl- and SO2-4 on May 18 ash increase with distance from the volcano and decrease with time. Leachate chemistry is used to estimate that a minimum of 2.4 ?? 105 tons of S were released on May 18. Low F concentrations on the ash, though increasing, present to health hazards. ?? 1981.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Stoiber, R., Williams, S., Malinconico, L., Johnston, D.A., and Casadevall, T.J., 1981, Mt. St. Helens: evidence of increased magmatic gas component: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 11, no. 2-4, p. 203-212.","startPage":"203","endPage":"212","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221192,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5f80e4b0c8380cd70fbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoiber, R.E.","contributorId":51020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoiber","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, S.N.","contributorId":15761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malinconico, L.L. Jr.","contributorId":45456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malinconico","given":"L.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnston, D. A.","contributorId":18109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Casadevall, T. J.","contributorId":96680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casadevall","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70011836,"text":"70011836 - 1981 - Geology of central Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T11:54:00.260751","indexId":"70011836","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of central Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>The geology beneath Lake Michigan between 43°00' and 44°00' N and between 86°30' and 87°40' W is interpreted from a synthesis of 1,700 km of continuous seismic reflection profile data, bathymetry, grab samples, and onshore surface and subsurface information.</p><p>The continuous seismic reflection profiles and bathymetry provided information for maps of unconsolidated sediment thickness and Paleozoic bedrock topography. The map of unconsolidated sediment (primarily Pleistocene) shows thicknesses ranging from 180 m in a steep-walled, northeast-trending valley to less than 10 m over a mid-lake topographic high. This valley and the mid-lake high are the dominant topographic features developed on the gently eastward-dipping Paleozoic rocks along this part of the western flank of the Michigan basin.</p><p>Two structural-stratigraphic cross sections of the study area were constructed by utilizing a composite subsurface-surface section for eastern Wisconsin and two control wells in western Michigan. The cross sections, grab samples previously described in the literature, the bedrock topographic map, and published maps were used to construct a Paleozoic geologic map for central Lake Michigan. Rocks from Middle Silurian through Early Mississippian age form subcrops beneath the study area, whereas rocks of Early Silurian, Ordovician, and Late Cambrian age are present at greater depth. The Upper Cambrian rocks unconformably overlie Precambrian igneous and metamorphic rocks.</p><p>The structural-stratigraphic cross sections also allow us to speculate about the petroleum potential beneath Lake Michigan. The possibility of oil occurrences within the Silurian is enhanced by major east-west facies changes, and other horizons with promise are present in Devonian and Ordovician rocks. Although Michigan and Wisconsin laws currently prohibit petroleum exploration in Lake Michigan, it is an area with future potential.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/03B59634-16D1-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Wood, R.J., Paull, R.A., Wolosin, C.A., and Friedel, R.J., 1981, Geology of central Lake Michigan: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 65, no. 9, p. 1621-1632, https://doi.org/10.1306/03B59634-16D1-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1621","endPage":"1632","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221474,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.00416700452574,\n              43.03076292816351\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.28947402219616,\n              43.03076292816351\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.28947402219616,\n              44.05660529042555\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.00416700452574,\n              44.05660529042555\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.00416700452574,\n              43.03076292816351\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a24bde4b0c8380cd58345","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, R. J.","contributorId":33844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paull, R. A.","contributorId":78471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paull","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolosin, C. A.","contributorId":63166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolosin","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Friedel, R. J.","contributorId":51911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1014378,"text":"1014378 - 1981 - Riboflavin requirement of fingerling rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-13T15:00:43.032428","indexId":"1014378","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Riboflavin requirement of fingerling rainbow trout","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fingerling rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were fed purified diets containing graded levels (0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 54 mg/kg) of supplemental riboflavin for 20 weeks. The cellular riboflavin supply of the fingerlings was estimated on the basis of the activity of the FAD‐dependent enzyme, erythrocyte glutathione reductase (EGR). The dietary riboflavin level that produced the fastest growth, an efficient feed: gain ratio, and normal values for the EGR activity coefficient was about 3 mg of supplemental riboflavin per kilogram of diet.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1981)43[167:RROFRT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hughes, S.G., Rumsey, G.L., and Nickum, J., 1981, Riboflavin requirement of fingerling rainbow trout: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 43, no. 4, p. 167-172, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1981)43[167:RROFRT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"172","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131172,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db602094","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, S. G.","contributorId":92200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rumsey, G. L.","contributorId":80604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rumsey","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nickum, J.G.","contributorId":58227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nickum","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1014007,"text":"1014007 - 1981 - Chlamydia and rickettsia of fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:04","indexId":"1014007","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1647,"text":"Fish Health News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chlamydia and rickettsia of fish","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fish Health News","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"477/FH","usgsCitation":"Wolf, K., 1981, Chlamydia and rickettsia of fish: Fish Health News, v. 10, no. 3, p. i-v.","productDescription":"p. i-v","startPage":"i","endPage":"v","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671cad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, K.","contributorId":16344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1014008,"text":"1014008 - 1981 - Leetown, West Virginia: \"Almost heaven\" for fish disease research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:17","indexId":"1014008","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1655,"text":"Fish and Wildlife News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Leetown, West Virginia: \"Almost heaven\" for fish disease research","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fish and Wildlife News","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"626/FH","usgsCitation":"Wolf, K., 1981, Leetown, West Virginia: \"Almost heaven\" for fish disease research: Fish and Wildlife News, v. April-May, p. 45-47.","productDescription":"p. 45-47","startPage":"45","endPage":"47","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129754,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"April-May","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b18e4b07f02db6a71db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, K.","contributorId":16344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011835,"text":"70011835 - 1981 - Comprehensive approach to preparative isolation and fractionation of dissolved organic carbon from natural waters and wastewaters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-19T18:36:29.091036","indexId":"70011835","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comprehensive approach to preparative isolation and fractionation of dissolved organic carbon from natural waters and wastewaters","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00087a010","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Leenheer, J., 1981, Comprehensive approach to preparative isolation and fractionation of dissolved organic carbon from natural waters and wastewaters: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 15, no. 5, p. 578-587, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00087a010.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"578","endPage":"587","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221473,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f940e4b0c8380cd4d516","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leenheer, J.A.","contributorId":75123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011899,"text":"70011899 - 1981 - Preconsolidation stress of aquifer systems in areas of induced land subsidence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T12:32:59","indexId":"70011899","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preconsolidation stress of aquifer systems in areas of induced land subsidence","docAbstract":"<p><span>Aquifer systems in the Eloy-Picacho area, Arizona, the Houston-Galveston area, Texas, and the Tulare-Wasco area and Santa Clara Valley, California, appear to have been overconsolidated by an amount that ranged approximately from 1.6 to 6.2 bars (16 to 63 m of water) before man began to withdraw groundwater from them. The relation between land subsidence and water level decline in these areas, consists of two linear segments. In these areas, subsidence per unit water level decline was approximately constant until water levels had declined an amount that ranged from 16 to 63 m. When water levels declined past these values, subsidence per unit water level decline increased to larger constant values. Although slow drainage from aquitards may have contributed to this response, it is interpreted here to be caused primarily by natural overconsolidation of the compacting part of the aquifer system. The water level decline at which the ratio of subsidence to unit water level decline changed indicates approximately the amount by which the preconsolidation stress exceeded the overburden stress on the aquifer system that existed before groundwater withdrawals began.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR017i003p00693","usgsCitation":"Holzer, T.L., 1981, Preconsolidation stress of aquifer systems in areas of induced land subsidence: Water Resources Research, v. 17, no. 3, p. 693-704, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR017i003p00693.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"693","endPage":"704","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Texas","volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8147e4b0c8380cd7b447","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holzer, Thomas L. tholzer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzer","given":"Thomas","email":"tholzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":362244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012034,"text":"70012034 - 1981 - A numerical inversion of the Laplace transform solution to radial dispersion in a porous medium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T12:34:07","indexId":"70012034","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A numerical inversion of the Laplace transform solution to radial dispersion in a porous medium","docAbstract":"<p><span>A special form of the numerical inversion of the Laplace transform described by Stehfest (1970) is applied to the transformed solution of dispersion in a radial flow system in a porous medium. The inversion is extremely simple to use because the weighting coefficients depend only on the number of terms used in the computation and not upon the transform solution as required by most numerical inversion techniques. The result obtained by use of this approximate inversion of the radial dispersion problem reproduced the curves obtained previously by Hoopes and Harleman (1967) with a finite difference scheme.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR017i001p00250","usgsCitation":"Moench, A., and Ogata, A., 1981, A numerical inversion of the Laplace transform solution to radial dispersion in a porous medium: Water Resources Research, v. 17, no. 1, p. 250-252, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR017i001p00250.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"250","endPage":"252","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4c8e4b0c8380cd46918","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moench, A.F.","contributorId":91495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moench","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ogata, A.","contributorId":94040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogata","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011949,"text":"70011949 - 1981 - Estimation of surface temperature variations due to changes in sky and solar flux with elevation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-15T01:16:26.948532","indexId":"70011949","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of surface temperature variations due to changes in sky and solar flux with elevation","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Sky and solar radiance are of major importance in determining the ground temperature. Knowledge of their behavior is a fundamental part of surface temperature models. These two fluxes vary with elevation and this variation produces temperature changes. Therefore, when using thermal-property differences to discriminate geologic materials, these flux variations with elevation need to be considered. From a representative set of field observations, it was found that flux variations with elevation can cause changes in the mean diurnal temperature gradient from −4° to −14°C per km evaluated at 2000 m. Changes in the temperature-difference gradient of 1°-2°C per km are also produced which is equivalent to an effective thermal-inertia gradient of 100 W s<sup>1/2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>K<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>per km. Thus, exposed bedrock on topographic ridges will appear to have a lower thermal inertia due to the additional effect.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/GL008i006p00595","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Hummer-Miller, S., 1981, Estimation of surface temperature variations due to changes in sky and solar flux with elevation: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 8, no. 6, p. 595-598, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL008i006p00595.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"595","endPage":"598","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480580,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/gl008i006p00595","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":221207,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bb1e4b0c8380cd52828","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hummer-Miller, S.","contributorId":53088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hummer-Miller","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012021,"text":"70012021 - 1981 - Dating of Archean basement in northeastern Wyoming and southern Montana.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T08:44:50","indexId":"70012021","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dating of Archean basement in northeastern Wyoming and southern Montana.","docAbstract":"Rb-Sr whole-rock and U-Pb zircon ages of granite and gneiss cores from three deep drill holes extend known occurrences of Archean rocks in the subsurface of NE Wyoming and S Montanta. Rb-Sr and K- Ar mineral ages are discordant and reflect early or middle Proterozoic disturbance. Highly altered rocks occur in a thin zone immediately below the sub-Cambrian unconformity. Samples from a few metres deeper in the basement are much fresher but show the effects of this alteration in filled fractures and thin adjacent alteration haloes. Whole-rock Rb-Sr systems have retaioned a fair degree of integrity in spite of increased susceptibility to modification because of the disturbed mineral systems. Interaction of the rocks with water a few metres below the sub-Cambrian unconformity probably occurred for only a relatively short time. Fractures filled rapidly with secondary minerals such as chlorite, anhydrite, and carbonate to maintain a relatively impermeable crystalline basement in which the silicates and their contained isotopic systems were preserved.- Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<139:DOABIN>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Peterman, Z.E., 1981, Dating of Archean basement in northeastern Wyoming and southern Montana.: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 92, no. 3 pt 1, p. 139-146, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<139:DOABIN>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"139","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268108,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<139:DOABIN>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"92","issue":"3 pt 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fde1e4b0c8380cd4e9b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterman, Z. E.","contributorId":63781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012018,"text":"70012018 - 1981 - Sm-Nd systematics of a tonalitic augen gneiss and its constituent minerals from northern Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-18T14:00:26.881376","indexId":"70012018","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sm-Nd systematics of a tonalitic augen gneiss and its constituent minerals from northern Michigan","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Sm-Nd isotopic system of a tonalitic augen gneiss and its constituent minerals from northern Michigan was disturbed during metamorphism. Sm-Nd zircon ages are lower than the wholerock Sm-Nd model age. However, closely associated pairs of minerals (for example, sphene and biotite or apatite and plagioclase) retain their apparent metamorphic ages. The Sm-Nd model age for the tonalitic augen gneiss of 3919 ± 30</span><i>myr</i><span>, appears to reflect open system behavior during metamorphism. A mineralogically different gneiss from the same location has a Sm-Nd model age of 3520 ± 70&nbsp;</span><i>myr</i><span>. The two whole rocks differ in their Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr systematics and in their chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns. The whole-rock-normalized mineral REE patterns show the contribution of the major and trace minerals to the REE content of the whole rock. The trace minerals contain a significant amount of the total REE.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(81)90148-4","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Futa, K., 1981, Sm-Nd systematics of a tonalitic augen gneiss and its constituent minerals from northern Michigan: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 45, no. 7, p. 1245-1249, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(81)90148-4.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1245","endPage":"1249","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222287,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b917ce4b08c986b319925","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Futa, K.","contributorId":26435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Futa","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012017,"text":"70012017 - 1981 - A five-collector system for the simultaneous measurement of argon isotope ratios in a static mass spectrometer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-14T14:59:30.308453","indexId":"70012017","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2056,"text":"International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Physics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A five-collector system for the simultaneous measurement of argon isotope ratios in a static mass spectrometer","docAbstract":"<p>A system is described that utilizes five separate Faraday-cup collector assemblies, aligned along the focal plane of a mass spectrometer, to collect simultaneous argon ion beams at masses 36–40. Each collector has its own electrometer amplifier and analog-to-digital measuring channel, the outputs of which are processed by a minicomputer that also controls the mass spectrometer. The mass spectrometer utilizes a 90° sector magnetic analyzer with a radius of 23 cm, in which some degree of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>z</i>-direction focussing is provided for all the ion beams by the fringe field of the magnet.</p><p>Simultaneous measurement of the ion beams helps to eliminate mass-spectrometer memory as a significant source of measurement error during an analysis. Isotope ratios stabilize between 7 and 9 s after sample admission into the spectrometer, and thereafter changes in the measured ratios are linear, typically to within ±0.02%. Thus the multi-collector arrangement permits very short extrapolation times for computation of initial ratios, and also provides the advantages of simultaneous measurement of the ion currents in that errors due to variations in ion beam intensity are minimized. A complete analysis takes less than 10 min, so that sample throughput can be greatly enhanced. In this instrument, the factor limiting analytical precision now lies in short-term apparent variations in the interchannel calibration factors.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0020-7381(81)80031-9","issn":"00207381","usgsCitation":"Stacey, J.S., Sherrill, N., Dalrymple, G.B., Lanphere, M.A., and Carpenter, N., 1981, A five-collector system for the simultaneous measurement of argon isotope ratios in a static mass spectrometer: International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Physics, v. 39, no. 2, p. 167-180, https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7381(81)80031-9.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222286,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3dce4b0c8380cd46274","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stacey, J. S.","contributorId":72785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stacey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherrill, N.D.","contributorId":100691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrill","given":"N.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dalrymple, G. B.","contributorId":10407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalrymple","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lanphere, M. A.","contributorId":35298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carpenter, N.V.","contributorId":32407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"N.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70011942,"text":"70011942 - 1981 - The origin of the Cerro Prieto geothermal brine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-19T18:27:49.672914","indexId":"70011942","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The origin of the Cerro Prieto geothermal brine","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Cerro Prieto geothermal brine may have originated from mixing of Colorado River water with seawater evaporated to about six times its normal salinity. This mixture circulated deeply and was heated by magmatic processes. During deep circulation, Li, K, Ca, B, SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;and rare alkalis were transferred from rock minerals to the water, and Mg, SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>, and a minor quantity of Na were transferred to the rock. Similar alteration of seawater salt chemistry has been observed in coastal geothermal systems and produced in laboratory experiments. After heating and alteration the brine was further diluted to its present range of composition. Oxygen isotopes in the fluid are in equilibrium with reservoir calcite and have been affected by exploitation-induced boiling and dilution.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6505(81)90006-7","issn":"03756505","usgsCitation":"Truesdell, A., Thompson, J., Coplen, T., Nehring, N., and Janik, C.J., 1981, The origin of the Cerro Prieto geothermal brine: Geothermics, v. 10, no. 3-4, p. 225-238, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(81)90006-7.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"238","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221141,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae70e4b08c986b3240d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Truesdell, A.H.","contributorId":52566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Truesdell","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address:  TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":362360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, J. M.","contributorId":77142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"J. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coplen, T.B.","contributorId":34147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nehring, N.L.","contributorId":21157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nehring","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Janik, C. J.","contributorId":10795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janik","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70012016,"text":"70012016 - 1981 - Effects of erosion control structures along a portion of the northern Chesapeake Bay shoreline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:07","indexId":"70012016","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of erosion control structures along a portion of the northern Chesapeake Bay shoreline","docAbstract":"A 6.500-meter reach of western Chesapeake Bay shoreline (lower Mayo Peninsula) lost about 1.1??106 cubic meters of sediment (equivalent to 170 cubic meters lost per meter of shoreline) between 1846 and 1932, when the first aerial photographs show the shoreline already substantially protected by a system of groins and intermittent bulkheading. These structures have eliminated the fastland as a source of erodable material, and have starved the supply of sand for littoral drift, thus limiting the extent of the beaches to the remaining groin fields. Volumes of sediment involved in these impacts are small in the overall sediment budget. Bulkheads produce no deficit in the budget since scouring of the beaches on their seaward sides makes up for the decreased erosion of protected fastland. Groins trap little of the potential littoral drift (computed to be about 104 cubic meters per meter of shoreline per year). The sand supply in the remaining beaches is nearly equivalent to the annual loss of sediment from the entire shoreline system due to the long-term rate of erosion of the shoreline and nearshore between 1846 and 1932. ?? 1981 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02473504","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Zabawa, C., Kerhin, R., and Bayley, S., 1981, Effects of erosion control structures along a portion of the northern Chesapeake Bay shoreline: Environmental Geology, v. 3, no. 4, p. 201-211, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02473504.","startPage":"201","endPage":"211","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205220,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02473504"},{"id":222285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06e1e4b0c8380cd51473","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zabawa, C.F.","contributorId":86489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zabawa","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kerhin, R.T.","contributorId":38189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerhin","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bayley, S.","contributorId":83066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayley","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1014386,"text":"1014386 - 1981 - You asked for it! More information on plastic bag hauling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:11","indexId":"1014386","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":855,"text":"Aquaculture Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"You asked for it! More information on plastic bag hauling","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquaculture Magazine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"None/FF","usgsCitation":"Martin, M., 1981, You asked for it! More information on plastic bag hauling: Aquaculture Magazine, v. 7, no. 3, p. 36-37.","productDescription":"p. 36-37","startPage":"36","endPage":"37","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49b6e4b07f02db5cb864","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, M.","contributorId":103217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012015,"text":"70012015 - 1981 - Seismic amplitude anomalies associated with thick First Leo sandstone lenses, eastern Powder River basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-18T16:37:38.604821","indexId":"70012015","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic amplitude anomalies associated with thick First Leo sandstone lenses, eastern Powder River basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p><span>Several new discoveries of oil production in the Leo sandstone, an economic unit in the Pennsylvanian middle member of the Minnelusa formation, eastern Powder River basin, Wyoming-Nebraska-South Dakota, have renewed exploration interest in this area. Vertical seismic profiles (VSP) and model studies suggested that a measurable seismic amplitude anomaly is frequently associated with the thick First Leo sandstone lenses. To test this concept, a surface reflection seismic profile was run between two wells about 12 miles apart. The First Leo was present and productive in one well and thin and barren in the other. The surface profile shows the predicted amplitude anomaly at the well where a thick lens is known to exist. Two other First Leo amplitude anomalies also appear on the surface seismic profile between the two wells, which may indicate the presence of additional lenses.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1441158","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Balch, A.H., Lee, M.W., Miller, J.J., and Ryder, R.T., 1981, Seismic amplitude anomalies associated with thick First Leo sandstone lenses, eastern Powder River basin, Wyoming: Geophysics, v. 46, no. 11, p. 1519-1527, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1441158.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1519","endPage":"1527","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222284,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8aece4b08c986b317475","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balch, A. H.","contributorId":104892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balch","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Myung W.","contributorId":84358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, J. J.","contributorId":54588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ryder, R. T.","contributorId":96673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70012014,"text":"70012014 - 1981 - Adsorption of dissolved organics in lake water by aluminum oxide. Effect of molecular weight","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-19T18:21:34.827246","indexId":"70012014","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adsorption of dissolved organics in lake water by aluminum oxide. Effect of molecular weight","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00092a012","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Davis, J., and Gloor, R., 1981, Adsorption of dissolved organics in lake water by aluminum oxide. Effect of molecular weight: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 15, no. 10, p. 1223-1229, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00092a012.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1223","endPage":"1229","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222236,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Switzerland","otherGeospatial":"Lake Greifensee","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              8.691212933995217,\n              47.34413784526322\n            ],\n            [\n              8.69095756008025,\n              47.35278911927125\n            ],\n            [\n              8.686105455704649,\n              47.35849818333759\n            ],\n            [\n              8.681253351327996,\n              47.36334175331743\n            ],\n   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J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gloor, R.","contributorId":10929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gloor","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011943,"text":"70011943 - 1981 - Coincident sediment slump/clathrate complexes on the U.S. Atlantic continental slope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:29","indexId":"70011943","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coincident sediment slump/clathrate complexes on the U.S. Atlantic continental slope","docAbstract":"High-resolution seismic reflection data recorded on the continental slope off the east coast of the United States have revealed instances of sediment mass movement (slumps) which appear to occur above clathrate accumulations. The slumping is believed to be related to the liberation of free gas by clathrate decomposition and consequent weakening of unconsolidated sediments above the clathrate. Pleistocene sea-level lowering and/or post-Pleistocene bottom water temperature increases may have had a significant role in this process. ?? 1981 A.M. Dowden, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geo-Marine Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02463298","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Carpenter, G., 1981, Coincident sediment slump/clathrate complexes on the U.S. Atlantic continental slope: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 1, no. 1, p. 29-32, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02463298.","startPage":"29","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221142,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205091,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02463298"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7a4e4b0c8380cd4cc18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carpenter, G.","contributorId":85722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011919,"text":"70011919 - 1981 - Faulting in outer continental shelf of southern Bering Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-11T17:26:52.425827","indexId":"70011919","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Faulting in outer continental shelf of southern Bering Sea","docAbstract":"Synthesis of more than 10 000 line-km of high-resolution seismic data indicates the distribution, types, and trends of faults present on the outer continental shelf of the southern Bering Sea. Faults are classified into three types as to whether they 1) offset the sea floor (surface fault), 2) show less than 5m of displacement (minor fault), of 3) show more than 5m of displacement (major fault). The distribution of surface faults follows the outline of St George basin and suggests that the basin is presently subsiding. Minor faults are concentrated throughout St George and Amak basins but are not common elsewhere in the region. Major faults appear to be associated with the boundary faults of St George and, to a lesser extent, Amak basins. The faulting is probably a result of earthquake-induced energies that reactivate zones of weakness inherited from the collapse of the margin during the late Mesozoic-early Tertiary. -Authors","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/03B5961B-16D1-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Gardner, J.V., and Vallier, T.L., 1981, Faulting in outer continental shelf of southern Bering Sea: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 65, no. 9, p. 1568-1573, https://doi.org/10.1306/03B5961B-16D1-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1568","endPage":"1573","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220797,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -162,\n              57\n            ],\n            [\n              -172,\n              57\n            ],\n            [\n              -172,\n              53\n            ],\n            [\n              -162,\n              53\n            ],\n            [\n              -162,\n              57\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f24e4b0c8380cd537c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, James V.","contributorId":93035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vallier, Tracy L.","contributorId":28857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallier","given":"Tracy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011920,"text":"70011920 - 1981 - Late Cenzoic rhyolites from the Kern Plateau, southern Sierra Nevada, California.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-25T11:14:05","indexId":"70011920","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Cenzoic rhyolites from the Kern Plateau, southern Sierra Nevada, California.","docAbstract":"<p>Four late Cenozoic rhyolite domes lie atop the Kern Plateau, 30 to 40km S-SE of Mount Whitney. K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar dating shows that Monache, Templeton, and Little Templeton Mountains are all about 2.4Ma old; a small dome nearby is approx 0.2Ma old. The three older rhyolites have SiO2 = 73-74% and have steep, fractionated rare earth element (REE) patterns; the youngest has SiO2 = 76% and a concave-upward REE pattern with a large negative Eu anomaly, Monache rhyolite contains the unusual phenocryst assemblage almandine + fayalite + biotite + oligoclase. The 2.4Ma old rocks may be nearly unmodified partial melts of crustal sources, whereas the 0.2Ma old rhyolite may be a product of relatively shallow differentiation. The rhyolites and nearby basalts are coeval with mafic and silicic volcanic rocks in the Coso Range about 40km to the SE. Their generation and eruption may reflect intense tectonic extension at the margin of the Basin and Range province and concomitant relaxation of compressive stress in a W- NW direction, allowing melts to reach the surface in the adjacent Sierra Nevada.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/ajs.281.1.1","issn":"00029599","usgsCitation":"Bacon, C., and Duffield, W.A., 1981, Late Cenzoic rhyolites from the Kern Plateau, southern Sierra Nevada, California.: American Journal of Science, v. 281, no. 1, p. 1-34, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.281.1.1.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480572,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.281.1.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":220798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Kern Plateau","volume":"281","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44d1e4b0c8380cd66df1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, C. R. 0000-0002-2165-5618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":21522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":362287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duffield, W. A.","contributorId":71935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffield","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011923,"text":"70011923 - 1981 - The origin and isotopic composition of dissolved sulfide in groundwater from carbonate aquifers in Florida and Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-06T07:05:00","indexId":"70011923","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The origin and isotopic composition of dissolved sulfide in groundwater from carbonate aquifers in Florida and Texas","docAbstract":"<p>The<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>34</sup><i>S</i><span>&nbsp;</span>values of dissolved sulfide and the sulfur isotope fractionations between dissolved sulfide and sulfate species in Floridan ground water generally correlate with dissolved sulfate concentrations which are related to flow patterns and residence time within the aquifer. The dissolved sulfide derives from the slow<span>&nbsp;</span><i>in situ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>biogenic reduction of sulfate dissolved from sedimentary gypsum in the aquifer. In areas where the water is oldest, the dissolved sulfide has apparently attained isotopic equilibrium with the dissolved sulfate (<i>Δ</i><sup>34</sup><i>S</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 65 per mil) at the temperature (28°C) of the system. This approach to equilibrium reflects an extremely slow reduction rate of the dissolved sulfate by bacteria; this slow rate probably results from very low concentrations of organic matter in the aquifer.</p><p>In the reducing part of the Edwards aquifer, Texas, there is a general down-gradient increase in both dissolved sulfide and sulfate concentrations, but neither the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>34</sup><i>S</i><span>&nbsp;</span>values of sulfide nor the sulfide-sulfate isotope fractionation correlates with the ground-water flow pattern. The dissolved sulfide species appear to be derived primarily from biogenic reduction of sulfate ions whose source is gypsum dissolution although upgradient diffusion of H<sub>2</sub>S gas from deeper oil field brines may be important in places. The sulfur isotope fractionation for sulfide-sulfate (about 38 per mil) is similar to that observed for modern oceanic sediments and probably reflects moderate sulfate reduction in the reducing part of the aquifer owing to the higher temperature and significant amount of organic matter present; contributions of isotopically heavy H<sub>2</sub>S from oil field brines are also possible.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(81)90024-7","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Rye, R.O., Back, W., Hanshaw, B., Rightmire, C., and Pearson, F.J., 1981, The origin and isotopic composition of dissolved sulfide in groundwater from carbonate aquifers in Florida and Texas: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 45, no. 10, p. 1941-1950, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(81)90024-7.","productDescription":"10 p. 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O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Back, W.","contributorId":33839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Back","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hanshaw, B.B.","contributorId":25928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanshaw","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rightmire, C.T.","contributorId":63822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rightmire","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pearson, F. J. Jr.","contributorId":7696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70011761,"text":"70011761 - 1981 - Multielement extraction system for the determination of 18 trace elements in geochemical samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T17:24:00.209009","indexId":"70011761","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multielement extraction system for the determination of 18 trace elements in geochemical samples","docAbstract":"<p>A <i>M</i>ethyl isobutyl ketone-<i>A</i>mine syner<i>G</i>istic <i>I</i>odide <i>C</i>omplex (MAGIC) extraction system has been developed for use in geochemical exploration which separates a maximum number of trace elements from interfering matrices. Extraction curves for 18 of these trace elements are presented: Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg, Ga, In, Tl, Sa, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Se, and Te. The acid normality of the aqueous phase controls the extraction into the organic phase, and each of these 18 elements has a broad range of HCl normality over which H is quantitatively extracted, making H possible to determine all 18 trace elements from a single sample digestion or leach solution. The extract can be analyzed directly by flame atomic absorption or inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy. Most of these 18 elements can be determined by Nameless atomic absorption after special treatment of the organic extract.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac00224a017","usgsCitation":"Clark, J.R., and Viets, J., 1981, Multielement extraction system for the determination of 18 trace elements in geochemical samples: Analytical Chemistry, v. 53, no. 1, p. 61-65, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00224a017.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"65","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221387,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6025e4b0c8380cd7130a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, J. R.","contributorId":55764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Viets, J.G.","contributorId":82300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viets","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011759,"text":"70011759 - 1981 - Radial outflow and unsteady retreat of late Wisconsin to early Holocene icecap in the northern Long Range upland, Newfoundland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-04T12:09:08.176146","indexId":"70011759","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radial outflow and unsteady retreat of late Wisconsin to early Holocene icecap in the northern Long Range upland, Newfoundland","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15238310\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>A swampy very low-relief drift terrain along the medial zone of the northern Long Range Mountains passes outward into fresh glacially eroded bed rock of low to moderate relief. Striations, crescentic gouges, lunate fractures, streamlined stoss-and-ice surfaces, erratics, and other evidence in the upland abundantly reveal radial outflow from a late-glacial icecap that was centered over the Long Range and discharged through peripheral fjord-like valleys to coastal lowlands. A discontinuous belt of moraines and concentrated boulders delineates a still-stand or readvance after the icecap had retreated entirely to the upland and was about 50 km broad. Relatively thick till and an abundance of boulders in the medial low-relief zone suggest that after further contraction to 10 to 15 km wide, the icecap contracted rather slowly. These upland moraines may correlate with cool intervals 11,000 to 9,000 yr ago in the oxygen-isotope record of the ice core from Camp Century, Greenland, or with glacier advances 9,000 to 8,000 yr ago in Greenland and the Canadian Arctic.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<834:ROAURO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Waitt, R.B., 1981, Radial outflow and unsteady retreat of late Wisconsin to early Holocene icecap in the northern Long Range upland, Newfoundland: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 92, no. 11 pt I, p. 834-838, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<834:ROAURO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"834","endPage":"838","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221314,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"11 pt I","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a938fe4b0c8380cd80ece","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waitt, R. B. Jr.","contributorId":48558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waitt","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011926,"text":"70011926 - 1981 - A distribution-free alternative to least-squares regression and its application to Rb/Sr isochron calculations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:34","indexId":"70011926","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2554,"text":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A distribution-free alternative to least-squares regression and its application to Rb/Sr isochron calculations","docAbstract":"A distribution-free estimator of the slope of a regression line is introduced. This estimator is designated Sm and is given by the median of the set of n(n - 1)/2 slope estimators, which may be calculated by inserting pairs of points (Xi, Yi)and (Xj, Yj)into the slope formula Si = (Yi - Yj)/(Xi - Xj), 1 ??? i < j ??? n Once Sm is determined, outliers may be detected by calculating the \"residuals\" given by Ri = Yi - SmXi where 1 ??? i ??? n, and chosing the median Rm. Outliers are defined as points for which |Ri - Rm| > k (median {|Ri - Rm|}). If no outliers are found, the Y-intercept is given by Rm. Confidence limits on Rm and Sm can be found from the sets of Ri and Si, respectively. The distribution-free estimators are compared with the least-squares estimators now in use by utilizing published data. Differences between the least-squares and distribution-free estimates are discussed, as are the drawbacks of the distribution-free techniques. ?? 1981 Plenum Publishing Corporation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01079647","issn":"00205958","usgsCitation":"Vugrinovich, R., 1981, A distribution-free alternative to least-squares regression and its application to Rb/Sr isochron calculations: Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, v. 13, no. 5, p. 443-454, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01079647.","startPage":"443","endPage":"454","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205068,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01079647"},{"id":220868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3c3e4b0c8380cd461ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vugrinovich, R.G.","contributorId":38712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vugrinovich","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011927,"text":"70011927 - 1981 - First manned submersible dives on the East Pacific Rise at 21°N (project RITA): general results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-10T13:27:10","indexId":"70011927","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2668,"text":"Marine Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"First manned submersible dives on the East Pacific Rise at 21°N (project RITA): general results","docAbstract":"<p><span>A submersible study has been conducted in February&ndash;March 1978 at the axis of the East Pacific Rise near 21&deg;N. The expedition CYAMEX, the first submersible program to be conducted on the East Pacific Rise, is part of the French-American-Mexican project RITA (Rivera-Tamayo), a 3-year study devoted to detailed geological and geophysical investigations of the East Pacific Rise Crest. On the basis of the 15 dives made by CYANA in the axial area of the Rise, a morphological and tectonic zonation can be established for this moderately-fast spreading center. A narrow, 0.6 to 1.2 km wide zone of extrusion (zone 1), dominated by young lava flows, is flanked by a highly fissured and faulted zone of extension (zone 2) with a width of 1 to 2 km. Further out, zone 3 is dominated by outward tilted blocks bounded by inward-facing fault scarps. Active or recent faults extend up to 12 km from the axis of extrusion of the East Pacific Rise. This represents the first determination from direct field evidence of the width of active tectonism associated with an accreting plate boundary. Massive sulfide deposits, made principally of zinc, copper and iron, were found close to the axis of the Rise. Other signs of the intense hydrothermal activity included the discovery of benthic fauna of gian size similar to that found at the axis of the Galapagos Rift. We emphasize the cyclic character of the volcanicity. The main characteristics of the geology of this segment of the East Pacific Rise can be explained by the thermal structure at depth below this moderately-fast spreading center. The geological observations are compatible with the existence of a shallow magma reservoir centered at the axis of the Rise with a half-width of the order of 10 km.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1007/BF00286034","issn":"00253235","usgsCitation":"Francheteau, J., Needham, H., Choukroune, P., Juteau, T., Seguret, M., Ballard, R.D., Fox, P., Normark, W.R., Carranza, A., Cordoba, D., Guerrero, J., and Rangin, C., 1981, First manned submersible dives on the East Pacific Rise at 21°N (project RITA): general results: Marine Geophysical Research, v. 4, no. 4, p. 345-379, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00286034.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"379","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205076,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286034"}],"volume":"4","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1058e4b0c8380cd53c27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Francheteau, Jean","contributorId":34262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Francheteau","given":"Jean","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Needham, H.D.","contributorId":53947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Needham","given":"H.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Choukroune, P.","contributorId":68458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choukroune","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Juteau, Tierre","contributorId":43496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Juteau","given":"Tierre","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seguret, M.","contributorId":74514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seguret","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ballard, Richard D.","contributorId":40729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballard","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fox, P.J.","contributorId":79233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Carranza, A.","contributorId":84076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carranza","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Cordoba, D.","contributorId":47522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordoba","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Guerrero, J.","contributorId":81248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guerrero","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Rangin, C.","contributorId":105853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rangin","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
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