Geologic mapping of the limbs and far side of the Moon has demonstrated the desirability of subdividing the pre-Imbrian rocks. A convenient datum is the Janssen Formation, the ejecta blanket of the Nectaris basin. A new system, herein named the Nectarian System, extends from the base of the Janssen Formation up to, but not including, the Fra Mauro Formation, which is the ejecta blanket of the Imbrium basin and the basal unit of the Imbrian System. As all rocks older than the Janssen Formation are informally called pre-Nectarian, the name \"pre-Imbrian\" is superseded by Nectarian and pre-Nectarian where rocks of these ages can be recognized.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Stuart-Alexander, D., and Wilhelm, D.E., 1975, The Nectarian System, a new lunar time-stratigraphic unit: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 1, p. 53-58.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"58","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403389,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403388,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuart-Alexander, Desiree","contributorId":11872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuart-Alexander","given":"Desiree","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilhelm, Don E.","contributorId":68334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilhelm","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":36955,"text":"36955 - 1975 - Wildlife and oil shale: a problem analysis and research program: volume 2, appendix and bibliography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T10:15:54","indexId":"36955","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-01T10:07:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"76/01.2","title":"Wildlife and oil shale: a problem analysis and research program: volume 2, appendix and bibliography","docAbstract":"This appendix is designed to apply to the program of studies recommended in the problem analysis and research program Volume I.
\nIt has two purposes:
\n(1) to provide reference that may be used in the preparation of requests for proposals or for studies, and
\n(2) to suggest a core group of references for a reference library for research.
\nThe references that follow are listed taxonomically as follows:
\nA. Aquatic Ecosystems
\nB. Water Quality
\nC. Terrestrial Ecosystems
\nD. Industrial Impacts on Wildlife
\nE. Reptiles and Amphibians
\nF. Blood-sucking Arthropods and Disease Vectors
\nThis bibliography is not integrated because it was believed that it would be more useful with the sources separate. It also does not attempt to cover the entire field. It is, however, a listing that will be most useful in the description of the region and its environmental processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"Thorne Ecological Institute","usgsCitation":"Burke, H., 1975, Wildlife and oil shale: a problem analysis and research program: volume 2, appendix and bibliography: FWS/OBS 76/01.2, 131 p.","productDescription":"131 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291261,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffc0a7e4b0824b2d172871","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burke, Hubert D.","contributorId":63328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burke","given":"Hubert D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":217233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70232655,"text":"70232655 - 1975 - K-Ar age of the Similkameen Batholith and Kruger Alkalic Complex, Washington and British Columbia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-11T14:32:07.353322","indexId":"70232655","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-01T09:24:34","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"K-Ar age of the Similkameen Batholith and Kruger Alkalic Complex, Washington and British Columbia","docAbstract":"Twelve K-Ar age determinations from the Similkameen batholith and the contiguous Kruger Alkalic Complex, including seven newly reported here, range from 69.9 m.y. to 177.2 m.y. Ages of coexisting hornblende and biotite show discordancies ranging from about 72 m.y. to 106 m.y., with hornblende consistently showing the greater analytical age. The hornblendes, with one exception, show increasing analytical age with increasing potassium content and approximately fit a 191.0-m.y. 40Ar (radiogenic )/K isochron. The isochron shows a negative intersection with the 40Ar (radiogenic) axis, indicating partial argon loss. The large negative deviation from the isochron of one low-potassium sample suggests that the isochron is biased to older ages. If so, the Similkameen and Kruger rocks probably crystallized between roughly 177 m.y. and 191 m.y. ago. The discordancies between hornblende and coexisting biotite are attributed to argon loss during one or possibly more episodes of thermal metamorphism, the most recent of which was probably between about 50 and 70 m.y. ago. This bracket is based on the age of apparently unmetamorphosed sedimentary deposits containing detritus from the Similkameen and Kruger bodies and the analytical age of the youngest biotite.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Fox, K., Rinehart, C., and Engels, J.C., 1975, K-Ar age of the Similkameen Batholith and Kruger Alkalic Complex, Washington and British Columbia: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 1, p. 39-43.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"43","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403376,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403374,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue1/report.pdf"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"British Columbia, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Similkameen batholith and the contiguous Kruger Alkalic Complex","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120,\n 48.916667\n ],\n [\n -119,\n 48.916667\n ],\n [\n -119,\n 49.166667\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 49.166667\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 48.916667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fox, K. F. Jr.","contributorId":46554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"K. F.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rinehart, C.D.","contributorId":94310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinehart","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Engels, J. C.","contributorId":92246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engels","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70198575,"text":"70198575 - 1975 - Phoenix, Arizona 1972","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-10T08:18:24","indexId":"70198575","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-01T09:18:11","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesNumber":"NI 12-7","title":"Phoenix, Arizona 1972","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70198575","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1975, Phoenix, Arizona 1972, 1 Plate: 32.35 x 24.41 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70198575.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 32.35 x 24.41 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":356365,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70198575/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":356366,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70198575/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","city":"Phoenix","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 33\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":127955,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey","id":741993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70232653,"text":"70232653 - 1975 - Notes on the origin of Colluma Crater, Bolivia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-11T15:37:50.978661","indexId":"70232653","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-01T09:11:13","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Notes on the origin of Colluma Crater, Bolivia","docAbstract":"Colluma Crater, on the semiarid Altiplano (high plain) of western Bolivia, is an oval structure having overall dimensions of 6.7 km by 6.0 km. The structure has two almost concentric cuestaform rims (the inner rim is 3.6 km by 3.1 km) composed of poorly consolidated clastic sediments that dip outward. The center of the crater is about 80 m below the maximum height of the rims and about at the altitude of the surrounding plain. Because of the double rim, the centripetal drainage, and the absence of volcanic rocks, this structure is considered a collapsed dome. We believe it was probably formed by the doming of lower Quaternary (?) sediments by a subjacent igneous intrusion, partial retreat of the magma, collapse of the central part of the dome, erosional etching of the two rims, and partial filling of the center by detritus from the walls. Evidence for origin by impact (nickel-iron materials, shock structures, ejecta, and so forth) is lacking or was unrecognized, but this mode of origin is not rejected at this time. Geophysical surveys are recommended to determine whether the structure continues in depth and if an igneous, plug is below the crater.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Rosenblum, S., and Anderson, R.J., 1975, Notes on the origin of Colluma Crater, Bolivia: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 1, p. 31-38.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"38","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403373,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403370,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Bolivia","otherGeospatial":"Colluma Crater","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -68.10321807861328,\n -18.596792049367412\n ],\n [\n -68.06476593017578,\n -18.596792049367412\n ],\n [\n -68.06476593017578,\n -18.562947442888298\n ],\n [\n -68.10321807861328,\n -18.562947442888298\n ],\n [\n -68.10321807861328,\n -18.596792049367412\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenblum, Sam","contributorId":60620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenblum","given":"Sam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Reed J.","contributorId":292919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Reed","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70232651,"text":"70232651 - 1975 - Quantitative determination of dawsonite in Green River Shale by powder-sample X-ray diffraction; effect of grinding","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-11T14:10:13.948425","indexId":"70232651","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-01T09:08:44","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative determination of dawsonite in Green River Shale by powder-sample X-ray diffraction; effect of grinding","docAbstract":"In an effort to evaluate the method of quantitative analysis by X-ray diffraction as a means of determining dawsonite abundances in Green River\" oil shale, we performed a series of grinding experiments. Weighed mixtures of dawsonite + quartz and dawsonite + quartz + shale were ground for preset lengths of time, and the following X-ray diffraction peaks were measured for intensity: dawsonite (110) at 15.6 2θ and (211) (002) at 32.1° 2θ, and quartz (100) at 20.9° 2θ and (101) at 26.6° 2θ. Heights and areas were measured. Intensity ratios were plotted as functions of grinding time with a calculated probable error. Intensity ratios generally decrease as grinding time increases. The intensity of the 15.6° peak, D15.6°, is most affected, and the most drastic reduction occurs during the first 20 min of grinding. The D32.1° peak is least sensitive to grinding but is subject to interference by other minerals in the shale. We conclude that the X-ray diffraction method is not well adapted to the routine quantitative determination of dawsonite in oil shale of the Green River Formation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Zen, E., and Hammarstrom, J.M., 1975, Quantitative determination of dawsonite in Green River Shale by powder-sample X-ray diffraction; effect of grinding: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 1, p. 21-30.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"30","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":403369,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403368,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zen, E-an","contributorId":46825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zen","given":"E-an","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hammarstrom, Jane M. 0000-0003-2742-3460 jhammars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2742-3460","contributorId":1226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammarstrom","given":"Jane","email":"jhammars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":846189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70232649,"text":"70232649 - 1975 - The megaspore genus Henrisporites from the Cretaceous of Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-11T14:01:03.418408","indexId":"70232649","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-01T08:57:21","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The megaspore genus Henrisporites from the Cretaceous of Massachusetts","docAbstract":"A new megaspore species belonging to the genus Henrisporites was found in Cretaceous (probably Cenomanian) rocks from Massachusetts. Megaspores of Paxillitriletcs dakotaensis (Hall) Hall and Nicolson were found in the same rocks. This paper discusses the occurrence of these two megaspores in North America and describes Henrisporites angustus n. sp. from Massachusetts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Tschudy, R.H., 1975, The megaspore genus Henrisporites from the Cretaceous of Massachusetts: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 1, p. 15-20.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403367,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403366,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Nonamesset Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.70096969604492,\n 41.50446357504803\n ],\n [\n -70.67333221435547,\n 41.50446357504803\n ],\n [\n -70.67333221435547,\n 41.517703685680814\n ],\n [\n -70.70096969604492,\n 41.517703685680814\n ],\n [\n -70.70096969604492,\n 41.50446357504803\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tschudy, Robert H.","contributorId":67879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tschudy","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70232648,"text":"70232648 - 1975 - Ore grade, metal production, and energy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-11T14:02:26.560986","indexId":"70232648","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-01T08:40:07","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ore grade, metal production, and energy","docAbstract":"Recent resource estimates have been stimulated by national concern over present and pending shortages of energy and mineral resources. Although some believe that the resource base of a commodity is the total amount in the crust, the energy consumption for mining and milling under present technology suggests that grades of the metallic ores have a lower limit when production is assumed to be for common usages. The tonnage required to mine and mill ores to obtain one unit of metal is a hyperbolic function of the grade, and as the tonnage increases hyperbolically, so does the energy consumed. For copper, the hyperbolic relation suggests that deposits with grades below about 0.20-0.25 percent Cu will not be mined to produce metal for common electrical and construction uses. Although the energy used to mine and mill a unit of metal differs from one metal to another, all show the hyperbolic increase in energy consumption as grade decreases.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Page, N.J., and Creasy, S.C., 1975, Ore grade, metal production, and energy: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 1, p. 9-13.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403364,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403363,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue1/report.pdf"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Page, Norman J.","contributorId":46492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Creasy, S. C.","contributorId":18855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creasy","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2000039,"text":"2000039 - 1975 - Changes in the lake trout population of southern Lake Superior in relation to the fishery, the sea lamprey, and stocking, 1950-70","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:57","indexId":"2000039","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":222,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"28","title":"Changes in the lake trout population of southern Lake Superior in relation to the fishery, the sea lamprey, and stocking, 1950-70","docAbstract":"Commercial catch and effort statistics for 1929-70, samples of commercial catches in 1959-62, and records of examinations of all lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) taken commercially in inshore waters of Michigan and Wisconsin in 1962-70 were the basis for descriptions of changes in the population in 1929-70.\nAbundance fluctuated cyclically and gradually downward in 1929-49, whereas fishing intensity tended to increase during the same period. In 1950-52, a change from cotton to nylon twine in gillnets raised effective fishing effort to 305% of the 1929-43 average in Michigan waters and to 228% in Wisconsin waters; production held near average. Abundance fell to 18% of average in Michigan in 1953-61 and to 25% of average in Wisconsin in 1956-61; in the same periods, production fell to 11% of average in Michigan and to 19% in Wisconsin. In 1962-70 abundance rose to 160% in Michigan and 246% in Wisconsin while production and fishing intensity were held low (3-14%) by regulation.\nChanges in abundance of lake trout were attributable to a sequence of developments in successive series of years; intensive fishing in the early 1950's; severe sea lamprey predation in the late 1950's; an 85% reduction in abundance of sea lampreys in mid 1961; and the combination of sea lamprey control, intensive stocking of yearling lake trout, and restrictions on fishing in 1962-70. A decline in average size of lake trout and the near elimination of spawning stocks in 1953-61 curtailed recruitment of native lake trout in the mid 1960's. Stocking of fin-clipped lake trout replaced natural reproduction in the early 1960's. In 1965-70, the lake trout population was composed mainly of hatchery-reared fish. Natural reproduction was reestablished on one major spawning shoal in Wisconsin in 1965, but in 1970 only 10% of the legal (17-inch and longer) and 17% of the undersize lake trout in Wisconsin were native fish.\nReduction of sea lamprey abundance resulted in an immediate increase in survival and abundance of lake trout, especially of the larger sizes. As abundance of lake trout progressively increased in 1962-70, survival of the smaller legal-size lake trout increased, probably due to reduction of the predator-prey ratio and an increase in availability of larger lake trout preferred by sea lampreys. Abundance of spawning-size lake trout was limited by high natural mortality in 1965-70. Circumstantial evidence suggested that sea lamprey predation contributed a major part of the high natural mortality.","language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Pycha, R.L., and King, G.R., 1975, Changes in the lake trout population of southern Lake Superior in relation to the fishery, the sea lamprey, and stocking, 1950-70: Technical Report 28, 34 p.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198783,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92053,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.glfc.org/pubs/TechReports/Tr28.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e3d8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pycha, Richard L.","contributorId":17175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pycha","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, George R.","contributorId":74721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2001177,"text":"2001177 - 1975 - Disease prevention and control in closed systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:00","indexId":"2001177","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"seriesTitle":{"id":426,"text":"Advisory Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":12}},"seriesNumber":"13","title":"Disease prevention and control in closed systems","docAbstract":"Abstract not submitted to date","conferenceTitle":"Aquaculture: raising perch for the Midwest market","language":"English","publisher":"University of Wisconsin Sea Grant College Program","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","usgsCitation":"Meyer, F.P., and Warren, J., 1975, Disease prevention and control in closed systems: Advisory Report 13, 73-84.","productDescription":"73-84","startPage":"73","endPage":"84","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a4ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, F. 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No abstract available.
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Frank, F.J., and Johnson, N.A., 1975, Ground-water data in the Harrisburg-Halsey area, central Willamette Valley, Oregon: Ground Water Report.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326727,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"Halsey, Harrisburg","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b58ad0e4b03bcb0104bbb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frank, F. J.","contributorId":95037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Nyra A.","contributorId":173771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nyra","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175531,"text":"70175531 - 1975 - Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for urban studies in the San Antonio, Texas metropolitan area, 1973","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T11:11:32","indexId":"70175531","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for urban studies in the San Antonio, Texas metropolitan area, 1973","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70175531","usgsCitation":"Steger, R., 1975, Annual compilation and analysis of hydrologic data for urban studies in the San Antonio, Texas metropolitan area, 1973: Open-File Report, 127 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70175531.","productDescription":"127 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326555,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"San Antonio","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.8165283203125,\n 29.123373210819224\n ],\n [\n -98.19580078125,\n 29.123373210819224\n ],\n [\n -98.19580078125,\n 29.699982298744377\n ],\n [\n -98.8165283203125,\n 29.699982298744377\n ],\n [\n -98.8165283203125,\n 29.123373210819224\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b43940e4b03bcb01039f9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steger, R.D.","contributorId":78008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steger","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":56538,"text":"wdrND741 - 1975 - Water resources data for North Dakota, water year 1974; Part 1, Surface water records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-16T14:29:44.367581","indexId":"wdrND741","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"ND-74-1","title":"Water resources data for North Dakota, water year 1974; Part 1, Surface water records","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrND741","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1975, Water resources data for North Dakota, water year 1974; Part 1, Surface water records: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report ND-74-1, 187 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrND741.","productDescription":"187 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414283,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1974/nd-74-1/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":414282,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1974/nd-74-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":181284,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1974/nd-74-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2685","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70121467,"text":"70121467 - 1975 - Peritidal lithologies of Cambrian carbonate islands, Carrara Formation, southern Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-20T13:54:29","indexId":"70121467","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Peritidal lithologies of Cambrian carbonate islands, Carrara Formation, southern Great Basin","docAbstract":"The Carrara Formation is a heterogeneous sequence of quartzites, siltstones, shales, limestones, dolostones, and mixed terrigenous-carbonate rocks. It is Early and Middle Cambrian in age (Stewart, 1970; Palmer, 1971). Figure 32-1 illustrates the general distribution of Carrara lithologies along a transect approximately normal to depositional strike (Fig. 32-2). The formation contains three “grand cycles” (Aitken, 1966; Palmer, 1971), which terminate at the top of massive limestone members. A fourth cycle begins with the uppermost shale of section 9 and is not illustrated in sections 3 through 8. This fourth cycle grades into the overlying Bonanza King Formation.
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