Sky and solar radiance are of major importance in determining the ground temperature. Knowledge of their behavior is a fundamental part of surface temperature models. These two fluxes vary with elevation and this variation produces temperature changes. Therefore, when using thermal-property differences to discriminate geologic materials, these flux variations with elevation need to be considered. From a representative set of field observations, it was found that flux variations with elevation can cause changes in the mean diurnal temperature gradient from −4° to −14°C per km evaluated at 2000 m. Changes in the temperature-difference gradient of 1°-2°C per km are also produced which is equivalent to an effective thermal-inertia gradient of 100 W s1/2 m−2 K−1 per km. Thus, exposed bedrock on topographic ridges will appear to have a lower thermal inertia due to the additional effect.
The chemical composition and stratigraphy of the Black River Group in southwestern Ohio were studied. Chemical analyses were done on two cores of the Black River from Adams and Brown Counties, Ohio. These studies show that substantial reserves of high-carbonate rock are present in the Black River at depths of less than 800 ft, in proximity to Cincinnati and the Ohio River. Stratigraphic studies show that the Black River Group has eight marker beds in its middle and upper portions and three distinct lithologic units in its lower portion; these marker beds and units are present throughout southwestern Ohio. The Black River Group correlates well with the High Bridge Group of Kentucky. Depositional environments of the Black River are similar to those of the High Bridge and to present-day tidal flats in the Bahamas.-Author
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<629:CCSADE>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Stith, D.A., 1981, Chemical composition, stratigraphy, and depositional environments of the Black River Group (Middle Ordovician), southwestern Ohio.: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 92, no. 9 pt 1, p. 629-633, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<629:CCSADE>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"629","endPage":"633","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"9 pt 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f56de4b0c8380cd4c206","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stith, David A.","contributorId":86418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stith","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011945,"text":"70011945 - 1981 - Oxygen isotope thermometry of basic lavas and mantle nodules","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:29","indexId":"70011945","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxygen isotope thermometry of basic lavas and mantle nodules","docAbstract":"Measurements have been made of the oxygen isotope and chemical composition of glass and phenocrysts in lavas and coexisting minerals in mantle nodules. Temperatures of formation of these assemblages have been estimated from various chemical thermometers and range from 855?? to 1,300?? C. The permil fractionations between coexisting orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene in the lavas and nodules are all near zero. The fractionations between pyroxene and olivine vary from +1.2 to -1.4 and are a smooth function of temperature over the entire range. This function is given by T(?? C)=1151-173?? (px-d)-68??2(px-d) and has an uncertainty of ??60?? (2??). At temperatures above 1,150?? C, olivine in the nodules becomes more18O-rich than coexisting clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, and plagioclase. In combination with the experimental work of Muehlenbachs and Kushiro (1974), the olivine-pyroxene fractionations indicate that olivine also becomes substantially more18O-rich than basaltic liquids above 1,200?? C. Geothermometers based on the oxygen isotope equilibration of basaltic liquid with olivine, pyroxene, and plagioclase are presented. ?? 1981 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01161498","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Kyser, T., O’Neil, J.R., and Carmichael, I.S., 1981, Oxygen isotope thermometry of basic lavas and mantle nodules: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 77, no. 1, p. 11-23, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01161498.","startPage":"11","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221144,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205093,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01161498"}],"volume":"77","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a729de4b0c8380cd76be3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kyser, T.K.","contributorId":25585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kyser","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Neil, J. R.","contributorId":69633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carmichael, I. S. E.","contributorId":61558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carmichael","given":"I.","email":"","middleInitial":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011943,"text":"70011943 - 1981 - Coincident sediment slump/clathrate complexes on the U.S. Atlantic continental slope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:29","indexId":"70011943","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coincident sediment slump/clathrate complexes on the U.S. Atlantic continental slope","docAbstract":"High-resolution seismic reflection data recorded on the continental slope off the east coast of the United States have revealed instances of sediment mass movement (slumps) which appear to occur above clathrate accumulations. The slumping is believed to be related to the liberation of free gas by clathrate decomposition and consequent weakening of unconsolidated sediments above the clathrate. Pleistocene sea-level lowering and/or post-Pleistocene bottom water temperature increases may have had a significant role in this process. ?? 1981 A.M. Dowden, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geo-Marine Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02463298","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Carpenter, G., 1981, Coincident sediment slump/clathrate complexes on the U.S. Atlantic continental slope: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 1, no. 1, p. 29-32, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02463298.","startPage":"29","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221142,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205091,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02463298"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7a4e4b0c8380cd4cc18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carpenter, G.","contributorId":85722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014221,"text":"1014221 - 1981 - Your fishes' health: Diseases of fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:28","indexId":"1014221","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3655,"text":"Tropical Fish Hobbyist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Your fishes' health: Diseases of fishes","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tropical Fish Hobbyist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"430/FH","usgsCitation":"Snieszko, S.F., 1981, Your fishes' health: Diseases of fishes: Tropical Fish Hobbyist, v. 30, no. 3, p. 78-78.","startPage":"78","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ec92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snieszko, S. F.","contributorId":13169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snieszko","given":"S.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011942,"text":"70011942 - 1981 - The origin of the Cerro Prieto geothermal brine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-19T18:27:49.672914","indexId":"70011942","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The origin of the Cerro Prieto geothermal brine","docAbstract":"The Cerro Prieto geothermal brine may have originated from mixing of Colorado River water with seawater evaporated to about six times its normal salinity. This mixture circulated deeply and was heated by magmatic processes. During deep circulation, Li, K, Ca, B, SiO2 and rare alkalis were transferred from rock minerals to the water, and Mg, SO4, and a minor quantity of Na were transferred to the rock. Similar alteration of seawater salt chemistry has been observed in coastal geothermal systems and produced in laboratory experiments. After heating and alteration the brine was further diluted to its present range of composition. Oxygen isotopes in the fluid are in equilibrium with reservoir calcite and have been affected by exploitation-induced boiling and dilution.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6505(81)90006-7","issn":"03756505","usgsCitation":"Truesdell, A., Thompson, J., Coplen, T., Nehring, N., and Janik, C.J., 1981, The origin of the Cerro Prieto geothermal brine: Geothermics, v. 10, no. 3-4, p. 225-238, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(81)90006-7.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"238","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221141,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae70e4b08c986b3240d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Truesdell, A.H.","contributorId":52566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Truesdell","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":362360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, J. M.","contributorId":77142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"J. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coplen, T.B.","contributorId":34147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nehring, N.L.","contributorId":21157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nehring","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Janik, C. J.","contributorId":10795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janik","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70012077,"text":"70012077 - 1981 - Rank of coal beds of the Narragansett basin, Massachusetts and Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-24T01:42:56.756496","indexId":"70012077","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rank of coal beds of the Narragansett basin, Massachusetts and Rhode Island","docAbstract":"Coal of the Narragansett basin generally has been considered to be anthracite and/or meta-anthracite. However, no single reliable method has been used to distinguish these two ranks in this basin. Three methods — chemical, X-ray, and petrographic — have been used with some degree of success on coal of the Narragansett basin, but too often the results are in conflict. Chemical methods have been limited by inadequate sampling on a coal-bed-by-coal-bed basis and by a lack of analyses made according to (American Society for Testing and Materials, 1974) standard specifications.
In addition, when corrections are made by using the Parr formulas, as required by the ASTM (1974) procedures, the generally high to very high ash content of coal from the Narragansett basin causes the fixed-carbon content to appear higher than it actually is. X-ray methods using the degree of graphitization as a measure of rank are not reliable because some of the graphite is related to shearing and brecciation associated with folding and faulting. Petrographic methods using reflectance on vitrinite give results that are generally consistent with results from chemical determinations. However, it is not clear whether the mean maximum reflectance or mean bireflectance is a better indicator of similar rank of such high-rank coals that have been structurally deformed.
Coal from the Cranston Mine, RI, is probably meta-anthracite and coal from the Portsmouth Mine is probably anthracite. These ranks are based on chemical,X-ray, and petrographic data and are supported by associated metamorphic mineral assemblages that indicate that the Cranston Mine is in a higher metamorphic zone than the zone containing the Porthmouth Mine. Interpretation of the rank of Mansfield, MA, coal on the basis of extant chemical data is difficult because it is an impure coal with an ash content of 33 to 50%. Reflectance data indicate that the Mansfield, Foxborough, and Plainville coals in the northern part of the Narragansett basin are meta-anthracite but this is in disagreement with the rank suggested by the low degree of metamorphism of the associated rocks.
In Part I a general analytical solution for the transient pulse test was presented. Part II presents a graphical method for analyzing data from a test to obtain the hydraulic properties of the sample. The general solution depends on both hydraulic conductivity and specific storage and, in theory, analysis of the data can provide values for both of these hydraulic properties. However, in practice, one of two limiting cases may apply in which case it is possible to calculate only hydraulic conductivity or the product of hydraulic conductivity times specific storage. In this paper we examine the conditions when both hydraulic parameters can be calculated. The analyses of data from two tests are presented. In Appendix I the general solution presented in Part I is compared with an earlier analysis, in which compressive storage in the sample is assumed negligible, and the error in calculated hydraulic conductivity due to this simplifying assumption is examined.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0148-9062(81)90980-3","issn":"01489062","usgsCitation":"Neuzil, C., Cooley, C., Silliman, S.E., Bredehoeft, J., and Hsieh, P.A., 1981, A transient laboratory method for determining the hydraulic properties of 'tight' rocks-II. Application: International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, v. 18, no. 3, p. 253-258, https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(81)90980-3.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"258","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e604e4b0c8380cd470db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neuzil, C. E. 0000-0003-2022-4055","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-4055","contributorId":81078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooley, C.","contributorId":53091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Silliman, Stephen E.","contributorId":72130,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silliman","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bredehoeft, J.D.","contributorId":12836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bredehoeft","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hsieh, P. A.","contributorId":40596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70176039,"text":"70176039 - 1981 - Compilation of hydrologic data for the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio area, Texas, 1934-79","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-24T10:28:55","indexId":"70176039","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5177,"text":"Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"39","title":"Compilation of hydrologic data for the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio area, Texas, 1934-79","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Edwards Underground Water District","usgsCitation":"Reeves, R., Maclay, R., Grimm, K.C., and Davis, M., 1981, Compilation of hydrologic data for the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio area, Texas, 1934-79: Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin 39, 133 p.","productDescription":"133 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327773,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6aeefe4b0f2f0cebe4604","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reeves, R.D.","contributorId":95043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maclay, R.W.","contributorId":72804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maclay","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grimm, K. C.","contributorId":173997,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grimm","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, M.F.","contributorId":79400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70175618,"text":"70175618 - 1981 - Application and analysis of borehole data for the Edwards aquifer in the San Antonio area, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T13:40:13","indexId":"70175618","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5176,"text":"Texas Department of Water Resources Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"LP-139","title":"Application and analysis of borehole data for the Edwards aquifer in the San Antonio area, Texas","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Texas Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Maclay, R., Small, T.A., and Rettman, P., 1981, Application and analysis of borehole data for the Edwards aquifer in the San Antonio area, Texas: Texas Department of Water Resources Report LP-139, 88 p.","productDescription":"88 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326702,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b58abde4b03bcb0104bb5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maclay, R.W.","contributorId":72804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maclay","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Small, T. A.","contributorId":105731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Small","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rettman, P.L.","contributorId":60663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rettman","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70175620,"text":"70175620 - 1981 - Drainage areas of Texas streams, Colorado River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T13:42:56","indexId":"70175620","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5176,"text":"Texas Department of Water Resources Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"LP-145","title":"Drainage areas of Texas streams, Colorado River Basin","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Texas Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Tovar, F., and Maldonado, B.N., 1981, Drainage areas of Texas streams, Colorado River Basin: Texas Department of Water Resources Report LP-145, 36 p.","productDescription":"36 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326707,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b58ac3e4b03bcb0104bb85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tovar, F.H.","contributorId":42116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tovar","given":"F.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maldonado, B. N.","contributorId":173785,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maldonado","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010322,"text":"70010322 - 1981 - Significant results from using earth observation satellites for mineral and energy resource exploration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T15:02:50","indexId":"70010322","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":661,"text":"Advances in Space Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Significant results from using earth observation satellites for mineral and energy resource exploration","docAbstract":"A large number of Earth-observation satellites orbit our world several times each day, providing new information about the land and sea surfaces and the overlying thin layer of atmosphere that makes our planet unique. Meteorological satellites have had the longest history of experimental use and most are now considered operational. The geologic information collected by the Landsat, Polar Orbiting Geophysical Observatory (POGO), Magsat, Heat Capacity Mapping Mission (HCMM) and Seasat land and ocean observation systems is being thoroughly tested, and some of these systems are now approaching operational use.
\nLandsat multispectral images provide views of large areas of the Earth under uniform lighting conditions and can be obtained at a variety of scales and formats. Not only do the Landsat data provide highly useful images showing surficial materials and structures such as folds and faults, but also measurements and computer-derived ratios of the brightness of different rock types, alteration zones, and mineral associations. These data have led to the finding of a variety of new ore deposits. In addition, the combination of Landsat digital data and aeromagnetic data has extended the use of Landsat as an exploration tool which can be used to readily relate surface features to subsurface anomalies.
\nMagsat data, now being collected, are helping refine information on major crustal anomalies that were first recognized during the analysis of POGO data. The more nearly circular orbit, lower altitude, and increased sophistication of its vector magnetometer enable Magsat to provide more precise information than POGO. Information of this type is required to develop crustal models. Although Magsat is designed to operate for only 4–8 months, the number of orbits that it should be able to make will be sufficient to accomplish its mission and to record a major magnetic storm expected in 1980.
\nHCMM is a two-band visible to near-IR (0.55–1.1 μm) and thermal infrared (10.2–12.5 μm) system designed to measure reflected solar energy, determine the heat capacity of rocks and to monitor soil moisture, thermal effluents, plant canopy temperatures and snow cover. Launched in April 1978, it is in sun-synchronous, circular orbit at an altitude of 620 km. It is a relatively low-resolution system with an instantaneous field of view (IFOV) of 500–600 m and a swath width of 716 km. However, the system is designed to detect objects in the range of 260°–340° K with a sensitivity (NEδT) of 0.4°K at 280°. Recording the thermal radiation of urban heat islands and high thermal inertia of quartzite strata in the Appalachian region are two examples of its land applications.
\nLaunched in June 1978, Seasat operated for only 100 days, but successfully acquired much information over both sea and land. The collection of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery and radar altimetry was particularly important to geologists. Although there are difficulties in processing and distributing these data in a timely manner, initial evaluations indicate that the radar imagery supplements Landsat data by increasing the spectral range and offering a different look angle. The radar altimeter provides accurate profiles over narrow strips of land (1 km wide) and has demonstrated usefulness in measuring icecap surfaces (Greenland, Iceland, and Antarctica). The Salar of Uyuni in southern Bolivia served as a calibration site for the altimeter and has enabled investigators to develop a land-based smoothing algorithm that is believed to increase the accuracy of the system to 10 cm. Data from the altimeter are currently being used to measure subsidence resulting from ground water withdrawal in the Phoenix-Tucson area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0273-1177(81)90402-6","issn":"02731177","usgsCitation":"Carter, W.D., 1981, Significant results from using earth observation satellites for mineral and energy resource exploration: Advances in Space Research, v. 1, no. 10, p. 261-269, https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(81)90402-6.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"269","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":218640,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266021,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(81)90402-6"}],"volume":"1","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8f2de4b08c986b318d89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, William D.","contributorId":64567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1007522,"text":"1007522 - 1981 - Mesurol as a bird repellent on wine grapes in Oregon and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-22T17:24:43.568868","indexId":"1007522","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":726,"text":"American Journal of Enology and Viticulture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mesurol as a bird repellent on wine grapes in Oregon and California","docAbstract":"Field tests were conducted in California and Oregon from July to October 1978 to evaluate the effectiveness of Mesurol as a repellent to reduce bird damage to ripening wine grapes. A block of vines composed of two similar, adjacent plots was delineated at each of 20 vineyards. One randomly chosen plot within each block was treated with up to three applications of Mesurol (75% wettable powder) at a mean rate of 3.1 kg/ha. Damage assessments at harvest showed that the treatment significantly reduced bird damage in both states, but the actual level of bird damage protection provided by the treatment could not be calculated.
Based on bird censuses, the primary grape-depredating species in Oregon vineyards was the American robin (Turdus migratorius), whereas house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus), California quail (Lophortyx californicus), goldfinches (Spinus spp.), and robins were the primary species in California.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Enology and Viticulture","doi":"10.5344/ajev.1981.32.2.150","usgsCitation":"Hothem, R.L., Mott, D.F., DeHaven, R.W., and Guarino, J., 1981, Mesurol as a bird repellent on wine grapes in Oregon and California: American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, v. 32, no. 2, p. 150-154, https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.1981.32.2.150.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"150","endPage":"154","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131154,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db6250ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hothem, R. L.","contributorId":82633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mott, D. F.","contributorId":22819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mott","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeHaven, R. W.","contributorId":31711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeHaven","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guarino, J. L.","contributorId":32798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guarino","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70010355,"text":"70010355 - 1981 - The ground-state conductivity profile of the core-mantle system of the Earth-reply","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T13:40:32","indexId":"70010355","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The ground-state conductivity profile of the core-mantle system of the Earth-reply","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(81)90151-5","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Muth, L., 1981, The ground-state conductivity profile of the core-mantle system of the Earth-reply: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 25, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(81)90151-5.","startPage":"178","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267345,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(81)90151-5"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac9ee4b08c986b323608","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muth, L.A.","contributorId":65224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muth","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010351,"text":"70010351 - 1981 - Design of exploration and minerals-data-collection programs in developing areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-12T17:16:27.217638","indexId":"70010351","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3414,"text":"Socio-Economic Planning Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Design of exploration and minerals-data-collection programs in developing areas","docAbstract":"This paper considers the practical problem of applying economic analysis to designing minerals exploration and data collection strategies for developing countries. Formal decision rules for the design of government exploration and minerals-data-collection programs are derived by using a minerals-industry planning model that has been extended to include an exploration function. Rules derived are applicable to centrally planned minerals industries as well as market-oriented minerals sectors. They pertain to the spatial allocation of exploration effort and to the allocation of activities between government and private concerns for market-oriented economies. Programs characterized by uniform expenditures, uniform information coverage across regions, or uniform-density grid drilling progrmas are shown to be inferior to the strategy derived. Moreover, for market-oriented economies, the economically optimal mix in exploration activities between private and government data collection would require that only private firms assess local sites and that government agencies carry out regional surveys.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0038-0121(81)90037-9","issn":"00380121","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E.D., 1981, Design of exploration and minerals-data-collection programs in developing areas: Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, v. 15, no. 6, p. 347-352, https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0121(81)90037-9.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"347","endPage":"352","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219367,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff3fe4b0c8380cd4f0c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, E. D. 0000-0001-6845-7160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":107672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"E.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010352,"text":"70010352 - 1981 - Introduction of R. W. Potter II for the F. W. Clarke medal 1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-18T14:03:38.903868","indexId":"70010352","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Introduction of R. W. Potter II for the F. W. Clarke medal 1980","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(81)90233-7","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Stewart, D.B., 1981, Introduction of R. W. Potter II for the F. W. Clarke medal 1980: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 45, no. 8, p. 1388-1391, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(81)90233-7.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1388","endPage":"1391","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219368,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3de4e4b0c8380cd63913","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, D. B.","contributorId":41809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010354,"text":"70010354 - 1981 - Uplift of the lesser Himalayas, Northern Pakistan, as inferred from fission-track ages of sphene, epidote, and zircon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-06T20:19:07","indexId":"70010354","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2911,"text":"Nuclear Tracks","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uplift of the lesser Himalayas, Northern Pakistan, as inferred from fission-track ages of sphene, epidote, and zircon","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nuclear Tracks","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0191-278X(81)90057-3","issn":"0191278X","usgsCitation":"Zeitler, P., Tahirkheli, R., Naeser, C.W., Johnson, N., and Lyons, J., 1981, Uplift of the lesser Himalayas, Northern Pakistan, as inferred from fission-track ages of sphene, epidote, and zircon: Nuclear Tracks, v. 5, no. 1-2, https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-278X(81)90057-3.","startPage":"252","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":268870,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-278X(81)90057-3"},{"id":219370,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd29e4b08c986b328ef6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zeitler, P.K.","contributorId":49513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeitler","given":"P.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tahirkheli, R.A.K.","contributorId":37889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tahirkheli","given":"R.A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naeser, C. W.","contributorId":17582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"C.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, N.M.","contributorId":105429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"N.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lyons, J.B.","contributorId":51390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70010353,"text":"70010353 - 1981 - Role of solute-transport models in the analysis of groundwater salinity problems in agricultural areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T10:08:17","indexId":"70010353","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":680,"text":"Agricultural Water Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of solute-transport models in the analysis of groundwater salinity problems in agricultural areas","docAbstract":"Undesirable salinity increases occur in both groundwater and surface water and are commonly related to agricultural practices. Groundwater recharge from precipitation or irrigation will transport and disperse residual salts concentrated by evapotranspiration, salts leached from soil and aquifer materials, as well as some dissolved fertilizers and pesticides. Where stream salinity is affected by agricultural practices, the increases in salt load usually are attributable mostly to a groundwater component of flow. Thus, efforts to predict, manage, or control stream salinity increases should consider the role of groundwater in salt transport. Two examples of groundwater salinity problems in Colorado, U.S.A., illustrate that a model which simulates accurately the transport and dispersion of solutes in flowing groundwater can be (1) a valuable investigative tool to help understand the processes and parameters controlling the movement and fate of the salt, and (2) a valuable management tool for predicting responses and optimizing the development and use of the total water resource.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0378-3774(81)90050-0","issn":"03783774","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., 1981, Role of solute-transport models in the analysis of groundwater salinity problems in agricultural areas: Agricultural Water Management, v. 4, no. 1-3, p. 187-205, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-3774(81)90050-0.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"205","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219369,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.16015624999999,\n 37.055177106660814\n ],\n [\n -101.9970703125,\n 37.055177106660814\n ],\n [\n -101.9970703125,\n 41.11246878918088\n ],\n [\n -109.16015624999999,\n 41.11246878918088\n ],\n [\n -109.16015624999999,\n 37.055177106660814\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae6de4b0c8380cd870c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":358700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1003877,"text":"1003877 - 1981 - Whooping crane preyed upon by golden eagle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-23T13:26:56.751251","indexId":"1003877","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Whooping crane preyed upon by golden eagle","docAbstract":"The Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) is the largest predatory bird in North America and is well known for its predatory abilities. Attacks have been reported on mammals such as whitetail jackrabbits (Lepus townsendi) (McGahan 1967, J. Wildl. Mgmt. 31: 496), pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana) (Bruhns 1970, Can. Field-Natur. 84: 301), Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) (Kelleher and O'Malia 1971, Auk 88: 186), and Great Blue Herons (Ardea herodias) (Carnie 1954, Condor 56: 3). This communication describes an attack on an immature Whooping Crane (Grus americana) by a Golden Eagle and the subsequent necropsy findings.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Windingstad, R.M., Stiles, H.E., and Drewien, R.C., 1981, Whooping crane preyed upon by golden eagle: The Auk, v. 98, no. 2, p. 393-394.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"393","endPage":"394","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":15343,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4086082"},{"id":129571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Rangely","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.78173909139542,\n 40.089559319566376\n ],\n [\n -108.78173909139542,\n 39.93782983761244\n ],\n [\n -108.46724161095115,\n 39.93782983761244\n ],\n [\n -108.46724161095115,\n 40.089559319566376\n ],\n [\n -108.78173909139542,\n 40.089559319566376\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"98","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e4865","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Windingstad, Ronald M.","contributorId":46046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Windingstad","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stiles, Harry E.","contributorId":105666,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stiles","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":314540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drewien, Roderick C.","contributorId":195989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drewien","given":"Roderick","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":342,"text":"Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":314538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":10216,"text":"ofr8277 - 1981 - Simulative models for the analysis of ground-water flow in Vekol Valley, the Waterman Wash area, and the Bosque area, Maricopa and Pina Counties, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-24T21:48:23.367783","indexId":"ofr8277","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-77","title":"Simulative models for the analysis of ground-water flow in Vekol Valley, the Waterman Wash area, and the Bosque area, Maricopa and Pina Counties, Arizona","docAbstract":"Simulative ground-water flow models for Vekol Valley, the Waterman Wash area, and the Bosque area were developed for use in evaluating alternatives for developing a ground-water supply for the Ak-Chin Indian Community. The hydraulic properties of the basin-fill deposits used in the models were estimated primarily from aquifer tests made by the U.S. Geological Survey. Annual recharge to Vekol Valley and the Waterman Wash area is negligible in comparison to the quantity of water in storage and the quantity proposed to be pumped. The models are based on a three-dimensional, block-centered, finite-difference scheme. The Vekol Valley model was calibrated for steady-state onditions, and the Waterman Wash area model was calibrated for steady-state and transient conditions. The sensitivity of calibrated heads to changes in transmissivity was also investigated. An uncalibrated storage-depletion model was developed for the Bosque area. Simulated water levels for steady-state conditions average within 5 feet of measured values for Vekoi Valley and within 6 feet for the Waterman Wash area. Simulated water levels for transient conditions in the Waterman Wash area average within 8 feet of measured values for 15 years of analysis and within 15 feet for 24 years. Water-level declines simulated by the Waterman Wash area model average within 17 feet of those measured during the 24-year period, 1951-75.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr8277","usgsCitation":"Matlock, D.T., 1981, Simulative models for the analysis of ground-water flow in Vekol Valley, the Waterman Wash area, and the Bosque area, Maricopa and Pina Counties, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-77, Report: vi, 77 p.; 14 Plates: 9.997 x 17.03 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8277.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 77 p.; 14 Plates: 9.997 x 17.03 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420140,"rank":17,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13824.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":38076,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0077/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":38072,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0077/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":38070,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0077/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":38079,"rank":16,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0077/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":38078,"rank":15,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0077/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":38077,"rank":14,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0077/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":38075,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0077/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":38071,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0077/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":38069,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0077/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":38068,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0077/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":38067,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0077/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":38066,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0077/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142510,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0077/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38080,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0077/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":38074,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0077/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":38073,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0077/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Maricopa County, Pinal County","otherGeospatial":"Bosque area, Vekol Valley, Waterman Wash","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112,\n 33.467\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 33.467\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 32.5\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 32.5\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 33.467\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d9e4b07f02db5496a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matlock, D. T.","contributorId":45315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matlock","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1015411,"text":"1015411 - 1981 - [Book review] Handbook of drugs and chemicals used in the treatment and control of fish diseases, by N. Herwig","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-19T17:16:26","indexId":"1015411","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2414,"text":"Journal of Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] Handbook of drugs and chemicals used in the treatment and control of fish diseases, by N. Herwig","docAbstract":"Review of: Handbook of drugs and chemicals used in the treatment and control of fish diseases. N. Herwig; 1979; Charles C. Thomas, Co., Springfield, Illinois.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Parasitology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Societ of Parasitologists","publisherLocation":"http://amsocparasit.org/","doi":"10.2307/3280791","collaboration":"None/FF","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, G.L., 1981, [Book review] Handbook of drugs and chemicals used in the treatment and control of fish diseases, by N. Herwig: Journal of Parasitology, v. 67, no. 1, p. 117-118, https://doi.org/10.2307/3280791.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262719,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3280791"}],"volume":"67","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a566","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, G. L.","contributorId":70713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28001,"text":"wri8158 - 1981 - Geohydrologic reconnaissance of the Crofton Unit, northeastern Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-07T15:50:25.999685","indexId":"wri8158","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-58","title":"Geohydrologic reconnaissance of the Crofton Unit, northeastern Nebraska","docAbstract":"This report describes the results of a reconnaissance of the sources, location, quantity, and quality of ground water in the proposed irrigation project area called the \"Crofton Unit,\" an area of approximately 350 square miles in northeastern Nebraska.
Precambrian Sioux Quartzite underlies the entire study area. Throughout most of the area, the Sioux is overlain by undifferentiated Paleozoic rocks. The Sioux and, where present, the Paleozoic rocks are overlain unconformably by Cretaceous formations, including both the Dakota and Niobrara Formations. Surface strata are Pleistocene and Holocene deposits of sand and gravel and Pleistocene deposits of glacial till.
The Dakota and Niobrara Formations are each capable of yielding sufficient water for irrigation in parts of the area. Pleistocene and Holocene deposits yield adequate water for irrigation in the southern part of the area where saturated thicknesses range from 25 to 176 feet and along the flood plain of the Missouri River where saturated thicknesses range from 40 to 101 feet. Reported yields of 13 Pleistocene irrigation wells sampled for water-quality analyses averaged 857 gallons per minute.
Water from wells developed in the Dakota Formation is a calcium sulfate type. Use of this water for successful long-term irrigation would necessitate burdensome salinity-control measures because of the salinity of the water. Water from wells developed in the Niobrara Formation is a calcium bicarbonate type and is suitable for irrigation of most crops. Water from wells developed in both Niobrara and Pleistocene deposits generally is a calcium sulfate type and may be used for irrigation of salt-tolerant crops with special measures for salinity control. The quality of water from Pleistocene and Holocene deposits is highly variable. In both the southern part of the area and along the Missouri River, water from these deposits is a calcium bicarbonate type and generally suitable for irrigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri8158","usgsCitation":"Kent, S., Engberg, R., and Ellis, M.J., 1981, Geohydrologic reconnaissance of the Crofton Unit, northeastern Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-58, v, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8158.","productDescription":"v, 34 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403170,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0058/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0058/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":400782,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35487.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Crofton Unit","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.601,\n 42.474\n ],\n [\n -97.078,\n 42.474\n ],\n [\n -97.078,\n 42.869\n ],\n [\n -97.601,\n 42.869\n ],\n [\n -97.601,\n 42.474\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8e31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kent, S.J.","contributorId":12892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Engberg, R. A.","contributorId":104876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engberg","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellis, M. J.","contributorId":27840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2001367,"text":"2001367 - 1981 - Streptococcal infections of fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:55","indexId":"2001367","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":22,"text":"Fish Disease Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"63","title":"Streptococcal infections of fishes","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"646/FH","usgsCitation":"Bullock, G.L., 1981, Streptococcal infections of fishes: Fish Disease Leaflet 63, 7 p.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"7","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":94561,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.31822009510371?urlappend=%3Bseq=17"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4c46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bullock, G. L.","contributorId":69498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullock","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012148,"text":"70012148 - 1981 - Authigenic kaolinite and associated pyrite in chalk of the Cretaceous Niobrara Formation, Eastern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-22T11:10:33.508028","indexId":"70012148","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Authigenic kaolinite and associated pyrite in chalk of the Cretaceous Niobrara Formation, Eastern Colorado","docAbstract":"Cores from the Smoky Hill Chalk Member of the Cretaceous Niobrara Formation have several zones containing authigenic kaolinite as spherical, moldic, polycrystalline aggregates that occur within single or multichambered foraminiferal tests and are commonly associated with framboidal pyrite. Such kaolinite is inferred to result from volcanic ash deposited during chalk sedimentation. Shortly after burial, a colloidal aluminous gel or solution formed from the unstable ash and moved into organic-rich foraminiferal tests, where sulfate-reducing bacteria created a favorable microenvironment for the simultaneous crystallization of kaolinite and pyrite.
","language":"English","publisher":"SEPM","doi":"10.1306/212F7CD4-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","issn":"00224472","usgsCitation":"Pollastro, R.M., 1981, Authigenic kaolinite and associated pyrite in chalk of the Cretaceous Niobrara Formation, Eastern Colorado: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 51, no. 2, p. 553-562, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F7CD4-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"553","endPage":"562","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222522,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eeede4b0c8380cd4a036","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollastro, R. M.","contributorId":6809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollastro","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70187187,"text":"70187187 - 1981 - Considerations in planning a land use and land cover resources inventory update program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T18:05:48","indexId":"70187187","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Considerations in planning a land use and land cover resources inventory update program","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"In-place resource inventories; principles and practices: Proceedings of a national workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Soc. Am. Foresters","usgsCitation":"Milazzo, V., 1981, Considerations in planning a land use and land cover resources inventory update program, in In-place resource inventories; principles and practices: Proceedings of a national workshop, p. 135-143.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"135","endPage":"143","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":340420,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59006083e4b0e85db3a5df25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milazzo, V.A.","contributorId":41895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milazzo","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}