The months of May and June were somewhat quiet, seismically speaking. There was one major earthquake (7.0-7.9) off the west coast of South Island, New Zealand. The most destructive earthquake during this reporting period was in southern Iran on June 11 which caused fatalities and extensive damage. Peru also experienced a destructive earthquake on June 22 which caused fatalities and damage.
In the United States, a number of earthquakes were experienced, but none caused significant damage.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Person, W., 1981, Earthquakes, May-June 1981: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 13, no. 6, p. 225-227.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"227","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319201,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be34e4b0f59b85e02df1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Person, W. J.","contributorId":91472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000159,"text":"1000159 - 1981 - Sterilization of sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) by immersion in an aqueous solution of bisazir","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-01T10:38:00","indexId":"1000159","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sterilization of sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) by immersion in an aqueous solution of bisazir","docAbstract":"Groups of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) eggs fertilized by males previously immersed in an aqueous solution of p,p-bis(1-aziridinyl)-N-methylphosphinothioic amide (bisazir) at concentrations of 10–100 mg/L produced fewer normal, live prolarvae after 15–17 d of incubation than did groups of eggs fertilized by normal males. Mortality of embryos or prolarvae was nearly 100% in groups of eggs fertilized by males that had been immersed in a 50 mg/L solution of bisazir for 4 h or in a 100 mg/L solution for 2 h. The immersion technique appears to be an efficient method of sterilizing large numbers of male sea lampreys for use in a proposed sterile-male-release program.Key words: sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus; pest control, fish control, sterile-male technique, sterilization, chemosterilants, bisazir, Great Lakes
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f81-172","usgsCitation":"Hanson, L.H., 1981, Sterilization of sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) by immersion in an aqueous solution of bisazir: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 38, no. 10, p. 1285-1289, https://doi.org/10.1139/f81-172.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1285","endPage":"1289","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133094,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4465","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanson, Lee H.","contributorId":67833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70169222,"text":"70169222 - 1981 - The seismicity of Ethiopia; active plate tectonics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-31T16:34:51","indexId":"70169222","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The seismicity of Ethiopia; active plate tectonics","docAbstract":"\"But I tell you, when you look at the way the pieces of the northeastern portion of the African continent seem to fit together, separated by a narrow gulf, you could almost make a believer [in continental drift] of anybody\" Astronaut Harrison Schmidt, on the view from Apollo 17.
\nEthiopia, descended from the semimythical Kingdom of Punt, lies at the strategic intersection of Schmidt's jigsaw puzzle where the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, and the African Rift System meet. Because of geologically recent uplift combined with rapid downcutting erosion by rivers, notably the Blue Nile (Abbay), Ethiopia is the most mountainous country in Africa. It is also the most volcanically active, while its historical seismicity matches that of the midocean ridges. And, in a sense, Ethiopia is host to an evoloving ocean ridge system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Mohr, P., 1981, The seismicity of Ethiopia; active plate tectonics: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 13, no. 4, p. 124-133.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"124","endPage":"133","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319281,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Ethiopia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 43.1982421875,\n 11.43695521614319\n ],\n [\n 42.71484375,\n 10.531020008464989\n ],\n [\n 43.681640625,\n 9.232248799418674\n ],\n [\n 46.8017578125,\n 8.102738577783168\n ],\n [\n 47.8564453125,\n 7.972197714386879\n ],\n [\n 44.9560546875,\n 4.959615024698026\n ],\n [\n 43.33007812499999,\n 4.8282597468669755\n ],\n [\n 41.87988281249999,\n 4.039617826768437\n ],\n [\n 41.220703125,\n 3.9519408561575946\n ],\n [\n 40.869140625,\n 4.214943141390651\n ],\n [\n 39.90234375,\n 3.908098881894123\n ],\n [\n 39.375,\n 3.337953961416485\n ],\n [\n 36.826171875,\n 4.302591077119676\n ],\n [\n 35.9033203125,\n 4.565473550710278\n ],\n [\n 35.8154296875,\n 5.353521355337321\n ],\n [\n 35.419921875,\n 5.441022303717974\n ],\n [\n 34.8486328125,\n 6.35897532723566\n ],\n [\n 33.9697265625,\n 7.406047717076271\n ],\n [\n 33.134765625,\n 7.798078531355303\n ],\n [\n 33.134765625,\n 8.233237111274553\n ],\n [\n 33.9697265625,\n 8.537565350804018\n ],\n [\n 34.1455078125,\n 9.318990192397917\n ],\n [\n 34.189453125,\n 9.882275493429953\n ],\n [\n 34.27734375,\n 10.31491928581316\n ],\n [\n 34.541015625,\n 10.833305983642491\n ],\n [\n 34.892578125,\n 10.962764256386821\n ],\n [\n 35.0244140625,\n 11.73830237143684\n ],\n [\n 35.68359375,\n 12.726084296948184\n ],\n [\n 36.0791015625,\n 12.811801316582619\n ],\n [\n 36.474609375,\n 14.093957177836236\n ],\n [\n 37.08984375,\n 14.392118083661728\n ],\n [\n 37.3974609375,\n 14.3069694978258\n ],\n [\n 37.8369140625,\n 14.774882506516272\n ],\n [\n 38.5400390625,\n 14.477234210156507\n ],\n [\n 39.63867187499999,\n 14.519780046326085\n ],\n [\n 40.517578125,\n 14.392118083661728\n ],\n [\n 42.01171875,\n 12.940322128384627\n ],\n [\n 42.4072265625,\n 12.46876014482322\n ],\n [\n 42.01171875,\n 12.168225677390119\n ],\n [\n 41.8359375,\n 11.30770770776545\n ],\n [\n 42.1875,\n 10.919617760254685\n ],\n [\n 42.71484375,\n 11.049038346537106\n ],\n [\n 43.1982421875,\n 11.43695521614319\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be54e4b0f59b85e02f42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mohr, P.","contributorId":48195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mohr","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000142,"text":"1000142 - 1981 - Food of white perch, rock bass and yellow perch in eastern Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:43","indexId":"1000142","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2866,"text":"New York Fish and Game Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Food of white perch, rock bass and yellow perch in eastern Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"The contents of stomachs from 1,485 white perch, 218 rock bass and 1,399 yellow perch collected in eastern Lake Ontario from May to October in 1972 and in May 1973 were examined. All three species fed primarily on amphipods, but they also ate chironomids and trichopterans regularly. Rock bass ate more trichopterans than chironomids, whereas white perch and yellow perch ate more chironomids. Snails and crayfish were significant items in the diet of rock bass, but occurred infrequently in stomachs of white perch and yellow perch. White perch and yellow perch frequently ate fish eggs during early summer, but rock bass seldom ate fish eggs. Fish were important in the diets of white perch longer than 300 millimeters and rock bass and yellow perch longer than 200 millimeters. Similarities in the diets of fish 1 year old or older suggest that the potential for competition between white perch and yellow perch is greater than that between rock bass and either white perch or yellow perch.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"New York Fish and Game Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Elrod, J.H., Busch, W.N., Griswold, B.L., Schneider, C.P., and Wolfert, D.R., 1981, Food of white perch, rock bass and yellow perch in eastern Lake Ontario: New York Fish and Game Journal, v. 28, no. 2, p. 191-201.","productDescription":"p. 191-201","startPage":"191","endPage":"201","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de4f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elrod, Joseph H.","contributorId":72737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elrod","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Busch, Wolf-Dieter N.","contributorId":46039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busch","given":"Wolf-Dieter","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griswold, Bernard L.","contributorId":52934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griswold","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schneider, Clifford P.","contributorId":45251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wolfert, David R.","contributorId":49305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfert","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1000158,"text":"1000158 - 1981 - Culture, feeding, and growth of alewives hatched in the laboratory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-13T15:13:14.099886","indexId":"1000158","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Culture, feeding, and growth of alewives hatched in the laboratory","docAbstract":"Alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus) were reared from the egg to the early juvenile life stage. The major obstacle to rearing alewives from the egg — providing an acceptable food that facilitates first feeding — was overcome by presenting a mixture of wild Zooplankton to the larvae twice daily, beginning on the day of hatching. Initial feeding by larvae held at 20°C was observed 2 days after hatching, when the yolk was nearly absorbed. Comparison of stomach contents and the wild Zooplankton composition suggested that the diet of larvae during the first 15 days of life shifted with changes in the availability of food but remained within a fairly narrow range of food sizes. Larvae hatched at a mean total length of 3.8 mm and grew at an average rate of 0.62 mm per day, to a mean of 35.5 mm after 50 days. At 50 days most fish had transformed into juveniles. The daily instantaneous mortality coefficient was 0.018. About half of the mortality occurred during the first 13 days after hatching.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1981)43[3:CFAGOA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Heinrich, J.W., 1981, Culture, feeding, and growth of alewives hatched in the laboratory: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 43, no. 1, p. 3-7, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1981)43[3:CFAGOA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"7","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131541,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67f449","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinrich, John W.","contributorId":63754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinrich","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000462,"text":"1000462 - 1981 - The commercial fishery for walleyes in New York waters of Lake Erie, 1959-1978","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-01T09:35:20","indexId":"1000462","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The commercial fishery for walleyes in New York waters of Lake Erie, 1959-1978","docAbstract":"A limited commercial gill-net fishery for walleyes (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) in New York waters of Lake Erie was established in the 1950's. Since then year class strengths have varied considerably; four have been outstanding- those of 1959, 1962, 1964, and 1971. A rapid rate of rise in water temperature during spawning and incubation was positively correlated with the strength of these year classes. Each time a strong year class appeared, small-mesh gill-net effort was markedly increased, and an average of 46% of the fish of each year class was harvested at age I before they were sexually mature. If the smallmesh gill-net fishery had not been operating, the total annual production by the largemesh gill-net fishery could have been increased by an average of 35%.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1981)1<112:TCFFWI>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Wolfert, D., 1981, The commercial fishery for walleyes in New York waters of Lake Erie, 1959-1978: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 1, no. 2, p. 112-126, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1981)1<112:TCFFWI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"112","endPage":"126","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130392,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a2cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolfert, D.R.","contributorId":25103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfert","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":42864,"text":"ofr811077 - 1981 - Preliminary geologic map of the Wheeler Peak-Hondo Canyon area, Taos County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-16T18:21:51.872927","indexId":"ofr811077","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1077","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Wheeler Peak-Hondo Canyon area, Taos County, New Mexico","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr811077","usgsCitation":"Reed, J.C., Robertson, J.M., and Lipman, P.W., 1981, Preliminary geologic map of the Wheeler Peak-Hondo Canyon area, Taos County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1077, 1 Plate: 33.96 x 20.34 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811077.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 33.96 x 20.34 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":173187,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":80692,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1077/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":414296,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_11881.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Taos County","otherGeospatial":"Wheeler Peak-Hondo Canyon area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.588,\n 36.653\n ],\n [\n -105.588,\n 36.515\n ],\n [\n -105.375,\n 36.515\n ],\n [\n -105.375,\n 36.653\n ],\n [\n -105.588,\n 36.653\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679dbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, John Calvin Jr.","contributorId":8460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Calvin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":227291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, J. 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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81604","usgsCitation":"Hewitt, J.E., Brooke, J., Knipmeyer, J., and Roy, P., 1981, Estimated oil and gas reserves, Gulf of Mexico outer continental shelf and continental slope, December 31, 1980: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-604, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81604.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142120,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0604/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":466318,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0604/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.82442282720518,\n 30.474473013397755\n ],\n [\n -98.31285831169694,\n 30.474473013397755\n ],\n [\n -98.31285831169694,\n 25.15511748695546\n ],\n [\n -88.82442282720518,\n 25.15511748695546\n ],\n [\n -88.82442282720518,\n 30.474473013397755\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","tableOfContents":"No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Washington","publisherLocation":"Seattle, WA","usgsCitation":"Hahnel, G., 1981, Serological comparison of isolates of Aeromonas salmonicida ssp. Salmonicida.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336096,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publicComments":"Master's Thesis","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b002dde4b01ccd54fb2829","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hahnel, G.B.","contributorId":79431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hahnel","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1017042,"text":"1017042 - 1981 - Immune response of trout to DNP conjugated to KLH, ficoll, or an O-antigen given by injection or flush contact","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:37","indexId":"1017042","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"seriesTitle":{"id":463,"text":"American Zoologist","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":18}},"title":"Immune response of trout to DNP conjugated to KLH, ficoll, or an O-antigen given by injection or flush contact","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Zoologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"447/FH","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D.P., Merchant, B., Dixon, O.W., and Schott C, L.E., 1981, Immune response of trout to DNP conjugated to KLH, ficoll, or an O-antigen given by injection or flush contact, in American Zoologist, v. 21, no. 4.","productDescription":"975 p.","startPage":"975","numberOfPages":"975","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c6a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, D. P.","contributorId":32469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Merchant, B.","contributorId":79432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merchant","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dixon, O. W.","contributorId":101588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schott C, Lizzio E. F. E. F.","contributorId":99941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schott C","given":"Lizzio","suffix":"E. F.","email":"","middleInitial":"E. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70182484,"text":"70182484 - 1981 - Physiological and immunological differences among three stocks of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-23T12:27:18","indexId":"70182484","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Physiological and immunological differences among three stocks of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Washington","publisherLocation":"Seattle, WA","usgsCitation":"D.M., G., 1981, Physiological and immunological differences among three stocks of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336094,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publicComments":"Master's Thesis","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b002dee4b01ccd54fb282b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"D.M., Gould","contributorId":152299,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"D.M.","given":"Gould","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70182499,"text":"70182499 - 1981 - Application of spatial analysis techniques to remotely sensed images on ancillary geocoded data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-22T15:33:03","indexId":"70182499","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Application of spatial analysis techniques to remotely sensed images on ancillary geocoded data","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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","language":"English","publisher":"Alliance of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Science Societies","doi":"10.2134/jeq1981.00472425001000030013x","usgsCitation":"Hesselberg, R.J., and Nicholson, L.W., 1981, Influence of PCBs in water on uptake and elimination of DDT and DDE by lake trout: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 10, no. 3, p. 315-318, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1981.00472425001000030013x.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"318","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7745","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hesselberg, Robert J.","contributorId":36074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hesselberg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nicholson, Lawrence W.","contributorId":79066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70182486,"text":"70182486 - 1981 - Effects of chronic exposure to arsenic trioxide on smoltification, downstream migration, and seawater adaptation of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-23T12:30:28","indexId":"70182486","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Effects of chronic exposure to arsenic trioxide on smoltification, downstream migration, and seawater adaptation of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Washington","publisherLocation":"Seattle, WA","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., 1981, Effects of chronic exposure to arsenic trioxide on smoltification, downstream migration, and seawater adaptation of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch).","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336097,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publicComments":"Master's Thesis","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b002dde4b01ccd54fb2827","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.W.","contributorId":97290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":85371,"text":"85371 - 1981 - Improved population estimates through the use of auxiliary information","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T12:50:17","indexId":"85371","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Improved population estimates through the use of auxiliary information","docAbstract":"When estimating the size of a population of birds, the investigator may have, in addition to an estimator based on a statistical sample, information on one of several auxiliary variables, such as: (1) estimates of the population made on previous occasions, (2) measures of habitat variables associated with the size of the population, and (3) estimates of the population sizes of other species that correlate with the species of interest. Although many studies have described the relationships between each of these kinds of data and the population size to be estimated, very little work has been done to improve the estimator by incorporating such auxiliary information. A statistical methodology termed 'empirical Bayes' seems to be appropriate to these situations. The potential that empirical Bayes methodology has for improved estimation of the population size of the Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is explored. In the example considered, three empirical Bayes estimators were found to reduce the error by one-fourth to one-half of that of the usual estimator.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estimating numbers of terrestrial birds. Cooper Ornithological Society Studies in Avian Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., 1981, Improved population estimates through the use of auxiliary information, chap. of Estimating numbers of terrestrial birds. Cooper Ornithological Society Studies in Avian Biology, p. 436-440.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"436","endPage":"440","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127768,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5d3e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ralph, C.J.","contributorId":38252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralph","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504443,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, J. 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L.","contributorId":90661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marking","given":"L.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, V. K.","contributorId":48900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, J. 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Both the percentage bird loss (PBL) and the percentage of bunches damaged (BDI = bird damage incidence) were determined during 55 total-damage assessments, and the resulting data pairs were used to develop a regression of PBL on BDI. The final prediction equation was loge (PBL + 1) = 0.0385 BDI, for which the SE = 9.6297 10-4, and it accounted for 97% of the observed variation. We conclude that by using that equation, reasonably accurate predictions of PBL can be obtained from relatively quick and inexpensive estimates of BDI. Guidelines for the use of the prediction method and the accuracy of some PBL predictions are discussed.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Enology and Viticulture","doi":"10.5344/ajev.1981.32.1.1","usgsCitation":"DeHaven, R.W., and Hothem, R.L., 1981, Estimating bird damage from damage incidence in wine grape vineyards: American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, v. 32, no. 1, p. 1-4, https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.1981.32.1.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131155,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc96f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeHaven, R. 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A crossbow was an effective delivery technique. Walruses that had recently hauled out were more suitable for immobilization than well-rested animals. Care was taken to prevent walruses from overheating or suffocating.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f81-048","usgsCitation":"DeMaster, D., Faro, J., Estes, J.A., Taggart, J., and Zabel, C., 1981, Drug immobilization of walrus (Odobenus rosmarus): Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 38, p. 365-367, https://doi.org/10.1139/f81-048.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"365","endPage":"367","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db633ff2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeMaster, D.P.","contributorId":93848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeMaster","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faro, J.B.","contributorId":44875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faro","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taggart, James","contributorId":127699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taggart","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zabel, C.","contributorId":67050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zabel","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":2002127,"text":"2002127 - 1981 - Historical evaluation and management recommendations for beavers at Lassen Volcanic National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:55","indexId":"2002127","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":91,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"CPSU/UCD 3","title":"Historical evaluation and management recommendations for beavers at Lassen Volcanic National Park","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"University of California-Davis, Institute of Ecology","usgsCitation":"Fellers, G.M., 1981, Historical evaluation and management recommendations for beavers at Lassen Volcanic National Park: Technical Report CPSU/UCD 3, iv, 27 p.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"0","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62ed52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fellers, Gary M. 0000-0003-4092-0285 gary_fellers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-0285","contributorId":3150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"Gary","email":"gary_fellers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1007517,"text":"1007517 - 1981 - Spatial variation in transferrin allele frequencies among herds of feral donkeys in Death Valley National Monument, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-01T12:14:41.390129","indexId":"1007517","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial variation in transferrin allele frequencies among herds of feral donkeys in Death Valley National Monument, California","docAbstract":"Serum proteins were studied to clarify interrelationships of seemingly disjunct herds of feral donkeys (Equus asinus) in the mountains of Death Valley National Monument, California. Sera of 162 donkeys from five localities in the Panamint Mountains were examined by starch-gel electrophoresis to assess polymorphic variation in transferrins. Four homozygous and six heterozygous transferrin phenotypes controlled by four codominant, autosomal alleles were identified with Fe59 autoradiography. Significant interlocality heterogeneity in genotype distribution and allele frequency distribution among herds was demonstrated. The maximum distance between adjacent herds was 52 km and the minimum distance was 14 km. There are no major physical barriers to movements between herds; furthermore, donkeys are highly mobile animals capable of extensive travel. Behavioral isolation of adjacent herds occurs from May through July, during the peak of reproduction. This isolation is reinforced by fidelity of individuals to their respective home ranges, and to physiological dependence on permanent sources of water. Adjacent herds may overlap during winter when breeding and dependence on water sources are reduced.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1380477","usgsCitation":"Blake, J., Douglas, C.L., and Thompson, L., 1981, Spatial variation in transferrin allele frequencies among herds of feral donkeys in Death Valley National Monument, California: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 62, p. 58-63, https://doi.org/10.2307/1380477.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"58","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130233,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635456","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blake, J.G.","contributorId":108048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Douglas, C. L.","contributorId":64586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, L.F.","contributorId":99929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"L.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2002129,"text":"2002129 - 1981 - Effects of fire on flora: a state of knowledge review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:57","indexId":"2002129","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":32,"text":"General Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"WO-16","title":"Effects of fire on flora: a state of knowledge review","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Lotan, J., Alexander, M., Arno, S., French, R., Langdon, O., Loomis, R., Norum, R., Rothermel, R., Schmidt, W., and van Wagtendonk, J., 1981, Effects of fire on flora: a state of knowledge review: General Technical Report WO-16, 71 p.","productDescription":"71 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"71","numberOfPages":"71","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199204,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db6158ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lotan, J.E.","contributorId":20040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lotan","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alexander, M.E.","contributorId":36655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arno, S.F.","contributorId":20041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arno","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"French, R.E.","contributorId":51873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Langdon, O.G.","contributorId":84475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langdon","given":"O.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Loomis, R.M.","contributorId":100977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loomis","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Norum, R.E.","contributorId":42324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norum","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rothermel, R.C.","contributorId":70512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rothermel","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schmidt, W.C.","contributorId":38255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"van Wagtendonk, J. W.","contributorId":85111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Wagtendonk","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":2002128,"text":"2002128 - 1981 - Reproductive cycles and fire regimes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:55","indexId":"2002128","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":32,"text":"General Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"WO-26","title":"Reproductive cycles and fire regimes","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Fire Regimes and Ecosystems Properties.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., 1981, Reproductive cycles and fire regimes: General Technical Report WO-26, p. 231-277.","productDescription":"p. 231-277","startPage":"231","endPage":"277","numberOfPages":"47","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62c956","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011734,"text":"70011734 - 1981 - Are the 3,800-Myr-old Isua objects microfossils, limonite-stained fluid inclusions, or neither?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:02","indexId":"70011734","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Are the 3,800-Myr-old Isua objects microfossils, limonite-stained fluid inclusions, or neither?","docAbstract":"Bridgwater et al.1 issued a 'cautionary note' concerning several reports published by Pflug and co-workers2-5 describing objects called yeast-like microfossils (Isuasphaera isua Pflug) from a metamorphosed quartzite of the 3,800-Myr-old Isua supracrustal belt of south-west Greenland; Bridgwater et al. believe that the objects described by Pflug et al. 2-5 are 'indistinguishable from limonite-stained fluid inclusions' and hence are non-biogenic. I show here that the objects are neither limonite-stained fluid inclusions nor microfossils, but are limonite-stained cavities from the otherwise complete dissolution by weathering of ferruginous dolomite grains in these rocks. Several supporting arguments presented by both sides are believed to be invalid, and others are ambiguous. In view of the extensive research on the earliest life forms, and then significance to evolution, to early geochemical cycles and to the origin of the atmosphere and some ore deposits, the exact nature of the Isua objects, and particularly the validity of the evidence either for or against a biological origin, are of considerable importance. A careful evaluation of the evidence from Isua is particularly pertinent, as bona fide Precambrian fossils are also found in chemically similar (but much younger) silica-rich environments. ?? 1981 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/293459a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Roedder, E., 1981, Are the 3,800-Myr-old Isua objects microfossils, limonite-stained fluid inclusions, or neither?: Nature, v. 293, no. 5832, p. 459-462, https://doi.org/10.1038/293459a0.","startPage":"459","endPage":"462","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205140,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/293459a0"},{"id":221773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"293","issue":"5832","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed60e4b0c8380cd49792","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roedder, E.","contributorId":100986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roedder","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000236,"text":"1000236 - 1981 - Loss of nitrogenous dissolved organic matter from small lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-01T10:00:29","indexId":"1000236","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Loss of nitrogenous dissolved organic matter from small lakes","docAbstract":"To determine how much organic nitrogen is lost from lakes during winter by natural processes, we collected water in fall and winter from six small lakes (area, 5-822 hectares) and separated organic matter dissolved in the water with n-butanol into three fractions--yellow organic acids, a white precipitate, and aqueous (nonextractable) organic matter. The nitrogen content of each fraction was measured by ultraviolet photolysis. About 25-30% of the yellow acid and white precipitate fractions were lost from the water column in each of the lakes during winter. More than 80% of the organic nitrogen dissolved in the lake water samples was found in the aqueous fraction. We believe the white precipitate is part of the humin material in lake waters because it was relatively insoluble in acidic and alkaline solutions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02705060.1981.9664031","usgsCitation":"Manny, B.A., and Otsuki, A., 1981, Loss of nitrogenous dissolved organic matter from small lakes: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 1, no. 2, p. 193-202, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.1981.9664031.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"193","endPage":"202","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133218,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640d2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manny, Bruce A. 0000-0002-4074-9329 bmanny@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4074-9329","contributorId":3699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manny","given":"Bruce","email":"bmanny@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Otsuki, Akira","contributorId":57026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otsuki","given":"Akira","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}