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The science of earthquakes in complex, requiring data and research in seismology, geology, soil mechanics, geophysics, hydrology, and engineering. Nevertheless, if earthquake hazards are to be reduced, earth science information must be translated from scientific and technical language into a form that can be effectively used by planners and decisionmakers.

\n

Out of the need to use earth science information in local and regional planning and decisionmaking came an experimental program-the San Francisco Bay Region Environment and Resources Planning Study. the study, begun in 1970, was jointly supported by the U.S Geological Survey and the U.S Department of Housing and Urban Development. The Association of Bay Area Governments and the planning firm of William Spangle and Associates, Inc., participated in the study and provided a liaison and communication link with other regional agencies and with local governments.

\n

Since 1975, the composition of the core group within the U.S Geological Survey concerned with seismic zonation has evolved to include seismoloists and engineers concerned with probabilistic approaches to earthquake damage and a planner to assist in the information transfer from scientists and engineers to city, county, and regional planning staffs.

\n

Three events have encouraged communities to attempt seismic zonation: passage of the Alquist Priolo Act by the California Legislature requiring special studies in zones encompassing potentially and recently active faults, preparation and adoption of seismic safety plan elements by cities and counties as required by California statute, and further development of a seismic zonation method. The method has four steps: postulating an earthquake of a given size and location; grouping geological materials with similar physical properties; predicting effects of the postulated earthquakes for each geologic unit by type of hazard of failure, namely surface rupture, ground shaking, flooding, liquefaction potential, and landsliding; and combining geologic effects by zones on the map (fig. 1).

\n

Examples of seismic zonation at various scales by cities and counties in the San Francisco Bay region show that scientific information can be used effectively in avoiding earthquake hazards and mitigating damage. Six examples were presented at the Second International Conference on Microzonation in 1978 and reprinted in a Survey Circular on the progress on seismic zonation.

\n

The method has been used in California by the cities of Mountain View, Novator, and San Francisco and the counties of Marin, Santa Clara, and San Mateo to develop zones which were used as a basis for their general plans, seismic safety plans, development policies or odrinances. Two of these examples, a city and a county, are described here. 

\n

 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Kockelman, W., and Brabb, E.E., 1981, Two examples of seismic zonation in the San Francisco Bay region: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 13, no. 3, p. 80-84.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"84","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319246,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.17321777343749,\n 38.496593518947556\n ],\n [\n -121.651611328125,\n 38.59970036588819\n ],\n [\n -121.0089111328125,\n 37.112145754751516\n ],\n [\n -121.90979003906249,\n 36.87522650673951\n ],\n [\n -122.0745849609375,\n 36.81368259124586\n ],\n [\n -123.255615234375,\n 38.47079371120379\n ],\n [\n -123.17321777343749,\n 38.496593518947556\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be56e4b0f59b85e02f5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kockelman, W. J.","contributorId":55427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kockelman","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brabb, E. E.","contributorId":43780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabb","given":"E.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70169171,"text":"70169171 - 1981 - Earthquakes, July-August 1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-06T16:02:50","indexId":"70169171","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquakes, July-August 1981","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Person, W., 1981, Earthquakes, July-August 1981: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 13, no. 6, p. 228-230.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"228","endPage":"230","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319324,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be33e4b0f59b85e02de5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Person, W. J.","contributorId":91472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70169170,"text":"70169170 - 1981 - Earthquakes, March-April 1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-24T16:53:31","indexId":"70169170","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquakes, March-April 1981","docAbstract":"

There was on major earthquake (7.0-7.9) during this reporting period on April 24 in the Vanuatu Islands (formerly the New Hebrides islands). the series of strong earthquakes continued in Greece and caused additional casualties and damage, and Peru expereinced a moderate earthquake that caused fatalities and damage on April 18.

\n

In the United States, a damaging shock struck southern California on April 26. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Person, W., 1981, Earthquakes, March-April 1981: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 13, no. 5, p. 195-198.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"198","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319325,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be34e4b0f59b85e02dee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Person, W. J.","contributorId":91472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70169168,"text":"70169168 - 1981 - Earthquakes, May-June 1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-31T11:24:30","indexId":"70169168","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquakes, May-June 1981","docAbstract":"

The months of May and June were somewhat quiet, seismically speaking. There was one major earthquake (7.0-7.9) off the west coast of South Island, New Zealand. The most destructive earthquake during this reporting period was in southern Iran on June 11 which caused fatalities and extensive damage. Peru also experienced a destructive earthquake on June 22 which caused fatalities and damage.

 In the United States, a number of earthquakes were experienced, but none caused significant damage. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Person, W., 1981, Earthquakes, May-June 1981: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 13, no. 6, p. 225-227.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"227","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319201,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be34e4b0f59b85e02df1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Person, W. J.","contributorId":91472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011925,"text":"70011925 - 1981 - Subcritical crack propagation in westerly granite: An investigation into the double torsion method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-18T13:22:02","indexId":"70011925","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2071,"text":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subcritical crack propagation in westerly granite: An investigation into the double torsion method","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0148-9062(81)90008-5","issn":"01489062","usgsCitation":"Swanson, P., 1981, Subcritical crack propagation in westerly granite: An investigation into the double torsion method: International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, v. 18, no. 5, p. 445-449, https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(81)90008-5.","productDescription":"p.445-449","startPage":"445","endPage":"449","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":265945,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(81)90008-5"},{"id":220867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d08e4b08c986b31d5d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, P.L.","contributorId":63683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":48742,"text":"ofr81936 - 1981 - Aeroradioactivity map of the Blood Mountain-Chattahoochee area, Georgia and North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-01T21:25:53.040577","indexId":"ofr81936","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-936","title":"Aeroradioactivity map of the Blood Mountain-Chattahoochee area, Georgia and North Carolina","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81936","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Aeroradioactivity map of the Blood Mountain-Chattahoochee area, Georgia and North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-936, 2 Plates: 34.42 x 45.40 inches and 34.42 x 45.40 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81936.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 34.42 x 45.40 inches and 34.42 x 45.40 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161781,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":85549,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0936/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":85548,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0936/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":413559,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12218.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Blood Mountain-Chattahoochee area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.083,\n 35.289\n ],\n [\n -84.083,\n 34.583\n ],\n [\n -83.036,\n 34.583\n ],\n [\n -83.036,\n 35.289\n ],\n [\n -84.083,\n 35.289\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689a73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":531830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011700,"text":"70011700 - 1981 - The distribution of uranium and thorium in granitic rocks of the basin and range province, Western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-09T16:14:25.951222","indexId":"70011700","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The distribution of uranium and thorium in granitic rocks of the basin and range province, Western United States","docAbstract":"

Some secondary uranium deposits are thought to have formed from uranium derived by the weathering of silicic igneous rocks such as granites, rhyolites, and tuffs. A regional geochemical survey was made to determine the distribution of uranium and thorium in granitic rocks of the Basin and Range province in order to evaluate the potential for secondary uranium occurrences in the area. The resulting geochemical maps of uranium, thorium, and the Th:U ratio may be useful in locating target areas for uranium exploration.

The granites were sampled according to a five-level, nested, analysis-of-variance design, permitting estimates to be made of the variance due to differences between:(1) two-degree cells; (2) one-degree cells; (3) plutons; (4) samples; and (5) analyses. The cells are areas described in units of degrees of latitude and longitude. The results show that individual plutons tend to differ in uranium and thorium concentrations, but that each pluton tends to be relatively homogeneous. Only small amounts of variance occur at the two degree and the between-analyses levels. The three geochemical maps that were prepared are based on one-degree cell means. The reproducibility of the maps is U > Th ⪢ Th:U.

These geochemical maps may be used in three methods of locating target areas for uranium exploration. The first method uses the concept that plutons containing the greatest amounts of uranium may supply the greatest amounts of uranium for the formation of secondary uranium occurrences. The second method is to examine areas with high thorium contents, because thorium and uranium are initially highly correlated but much uranium could be lost by weathering. The third method is to locate areas in which the plutons have particularly high Th:U ratios. Because uranium, but not thorium, is leached by chemical weathering, high Th:U ratios suggest a possible loss of uranium and possibly a greater potential for secondary uranium occurrences to be found in the area.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(81)90101-1","usgsCitation":"McNeal, J., Lee, D.E., and Millard, H.T., 1981, The distribution of uranium and thorium in granitic rocks of the basin and range province, Western United States: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 14, p. 25-40, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(81)90101-1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"40","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221248,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Western United 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\"}}]}","volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baadde4b08c986b322a79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McNeal, J.M.","contributorId":61817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNeal","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, D. E.","contributorId":96705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Millard, Hugh T. 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No abstract available.

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The authors comprised a field study team sent by the Earthquake Engineering Research Institue (EERI) and the National Research Council (NRC) of the United States to make a reconnaissance study of the earthquake in southern Italy. The team members were selected for their experience and expertise and served the EERI and the NRC as individuals, into as representatives of employers or agencies with which they are affiliated. The team's preliminary obersvations are given below. A report of the study will be published jointly by EERI and NRC.  

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No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr811077","usgsCitation":"Reed, J.C., Robertson, J.M., and Lipman, P.W., 1981, Preliminary geologic map of the Wheeler Peak-Hondo Canyon area, Taos County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1077, 1 Plate: 33.96 x 20.34 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811077.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 33.96 x 20.34 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":173187,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":80692,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1077/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":414296,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_11881.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Taos County","otherGeospatial":"Wheeler Peak-Hondo Canyon area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.588,\n 36.653\n ],\n [\n -105.588,\n 36.515\n ],\n [\n -105.375,\n 36.515\n ],\n [\n -105.375,\n 36.653\n ],\n [\n -105.588,\n 36.653\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679dbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, John Calvin Jr.","contributorId":8460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Calvin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":227291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, J. 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Stages in the metal supply process are affected by each of the following physical (geologic) factors: (1) geographic distribution of concentrations of potential ore minerals, (2) depth of these concentrations, (3) mineralogy, (4) grain size of the minerals, and (5) grade and (6) tonnages of the concentrations. For mineral deposits of each type in each geologic and political environment, the lowest cost metal will tend to be produced first because: (1) the largest deposits tend to be found first, (2) the few largest deposits should reap the benefits of economies of scale and will tend to account for the lion’s share of total metal, (3) higher grade deposits that require substantially less energy per ton of metal than do lower grade deposits will be mined first, and (4) deposits that have the mineralogy and grain sizes that are relatively cheap to process will be produced first. Shallow deposits that are relatively cheap to find and mine and deposits near existing infrastructure will also be produced first. Because stages in the supply process are sequential, problems at any stage caused by the physical factors are reflected in subsequent stages and adversely affect production costs. In the long term, effects of such problems will be not physical shortages of metals but a rapid or persistent increase in real prices of metals.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.5382/AV75.29","usgsCitation":"DeYoung, J., and Singer, D.A., 1981, Physical factors that could restrict mineral supply: Economic Geology, v. 75th Anniversary, p. 939-954, https://doi.org/10.5382/AV75.29.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"939","endPage":"954","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354463,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75th Anniversary","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b15c30ee4b092d9651e23ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeYoung, John H. Jr. jdeyoung@usgs.gov","contributorId":190728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeYoung","given":"John H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jdeyoung@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":736447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singer, Donald A. dsinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":5601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Donald","email":"dsinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":736448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70168607,"text":"70168607 - 1981 - The eastern front of the Sierra Nevada; prone to earthquakes and volcanic eruption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-14T09:02:33","indexId":"70168607","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The eastern front of the Sierra Nevada; prone to earthquakes and volcanic eruption","docAbstract":"

On Sunday morning, May 25, 1980, the weather at Mammoth Lakes, Calif., was sunny and brisk. Suddenly, just before 9:33 a.m, the world became a jarring, lurching, unstable place. Along the front of the Sierra Nevada, the muffled thunder of rockfalls and avalanches prolonged the confusion of sound and motion and added the spectacle of large, rising dust clouds. Three geysers, one 30 ft high, suddenly roared into the air at Hot Creek, although none survived more than a few hours. Some new boiling pools appeared, while many existing hot springs and pools became hotter and more active. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Rinehart, C., and Smith, W.C., 1981, The eastern front of the Sierra Nevada; prone to earthquakes and volcanic eruption: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 13, no. 6, p. 216-224.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"216","endPage":"224","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318225,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Sierra Nevada Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.81665039062499,\n 38.8824811975508\n ],\n [\n -119.64111328125,\n 37.59682400108367\n ],\n [\n -118.740234375,\n 36.73888412439431\n ],\n [\n -118.43261718749999,\n 35.46961797120201\n ],\n [\n -118.14697265625,\n 35.08395557927643\n ],\n [\n -117.68554687499999,\n 35.7286770448517\n ],\n [\n -117.99316406249999,\n 36.63316209558658\n ],\n [\n -118.28979492187499,\n 37.204081555898526\n ],\n [\n -118.65234374999999,\n 37.84883250647402\n ],\n [\n -119.5751953125,\n 38.70265930723801\n ],\n [\n -120.28930664062499,\n 39.52946653645165\n ],\n [\n -120.95947265624999,\n 39.884450178234395\n ],\n [\n -120.838623046875,\n 38.92522904714054\n ],\n [\n -120.81665039062499,\n 38.8824811975508\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c99c5fe4b059daa47c9b0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rinehart, C.D.","contributorId":94310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinehart","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, W. C.","contributorId":18424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70168880,"text":"70168880 - 1981 - Earthquakes, January-February 1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-31T11:31:07","indexId":"70168880","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquakes, January-February 1981","docAbstract":"

The first 2 months of the year were somewhat active, seismically speaking. Two major earthquakes (magnitude 7.0-7.9) occurred during the month of January, a magnitude 7.1 Japan on the 8th and a magntidue 7.1 in the Aleutian Islands on the 30th. Fatalities and damage were experienced in Irian Jaya (formerly West New Guinea) on January 19, in China on January 23, in Italy on February 14, and in Greece on February 24.

\n

In the United States, there were a number of earthquakes, the largest, a magnitude 7.1, in the Aleutian Islands, but none of the quakes caused injuries or serious damage. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Person, W., 1981, Earthquakes, January-February 1981: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 13, no. 5, p. 191-194.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"194","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318628,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56dd62b9e4b015c306fa4b31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Person, W. J.","contributorId":91472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70168874,"text":"70168874 - 1981 - Earthquakes, November-December 1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-31T12:15:35","indexId":"70168874","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquakes, November-December 1980","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Person, W., 1981, Earthquakes, November-December 1980: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 13, no. 4, p. 150-152.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"150","endPage":"152","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318622,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56dd62bfe4b015c306fa4b57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Person, W. J.","contributorId":91472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011728,"text":"70011728 - 1981 - Two oil types on North slope of Alaska: Implications for exploration","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":10147,"text":"ofr791649 - 1979 - Two oil types on the North Slope of Alaska: implications for future exploration","indexId":"ofr791649","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Two oil types on the North Slope of Alaska: implications for future exploration"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70011728,"text":"70011728 - 1981 - Two oil types on North slope of Alaska: Implications for exploration","indexId":"70011728","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Two oil types on North slope of Alaska: Implications for exploration"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-11T16:39:06.616045","indexId":"70011728","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two oil types on North slope of Alaska: Implications for exploration","docAbstract":"

Forty oil samples from across the North Slope of Alaska have been analyzed by the U.S. Bureau of Mines and the U.S. Geological Survey. Results of these analyses suggest two separate genetic oil types. The first, the Simpson-Umiat oil type, occurs in reservoir rocks of Cretaceous and Quaternary age and includes oil from seeps in the Skull Cliff, Cape Simpson, Manning Point, and Ungoon Point areas, and oils from Wolf Creek test 3, and the Cape Simpson and Umiat oil fields. These are higher gravity, low-sulfur oils with no, or slight, odd-numbered n-alkane predominance and pristane to phytane ratios greater than 1.5. Also, these oils have ^dgr13C values ranging from -29.1 to -27.8 parts per thousand (ppt) and ^dgr34S values from -10.3 to -4.9 ppt. The s cond type, the Barrow-Prudhoe oil type, occurs in reservoir rocks of Carboniferous to Cretaceous age and includes oils from South Barrow gas field, Prudhoe Bay oil field, and the Fish Creek test well 1. Physical properties of Barrow-Prudhoe oils are variable, but in general the oils are medium-gravity, high-sulfur oils with slight even-numbered n-alkane predominance and pristane to phytane ratios less than 1.5. Also these oils have ^dgr13C values of -30.3 to -29.8 ppt and ^dgr34S values from -30.0 to +2.1 ppt. The two types are believed to originate from different source rocks; the Barrow-Prudhoe type may have originated from a carbonate or other iron-deficient source rock, and the Simpson-Umiat type from a siliciclastic source rock. Occurrences of the two oil types when outlined on a map, indicate at least two areas for additional exploration: for the Barrow-Prudhoe type, in stratigraphic traps along and adjacent to the Barrow arch, and for the Simpson-Umiat type, in Cretaceous rocks along the trend between the Simpson and Umiat oil fields and in Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks from Prudhoe Bay field to the William O. Douglas Arctic Wildlife Range.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/2F91999F-16CE-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Magoon, L.B., and Claypool, G., 1981, Two oil types on North slope of Alaska: Implications for exploration: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 65, no. 4, p. 644-652, https://doi.org/10.1306/2F91999F-16CE-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"644","endPage":"652","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221688,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -171.36099631312058,\n 72\n ],\n [\n -171.36099631312058,\n 67.60836941407425\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 67.60836941407425\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 72\n ],\n [\n -171.36099631312058,\n 72\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb967e4b08c986b327bfe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Magoon, L. B.","contributorId":44531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoon","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Claypool, George E.","contributorId":8475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claypool","given":"George E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011938,"text":"70011938 - 1981 - New maps of Federal coal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-04T01:48:12.113669","indexId":"70011938","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New maps of Federal coal","docAbstract":"

Compilation and analysis of publicly available data on Federal coal are resulting in voluminous map sets showing coal isopachs, structure contours, and overburden isopachs on each known minable coal bed. As of the spring of 1981, there are available from the U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Services Section in Denver map sets at 1:24,000 scale or microfiche sets covering approximately 470 of the ultimately 1,400 quadrangles in the program. Because Congress in 1976 mandated the prompt “inventorying” of all unleased Federal coal for Government land-use planning, and because dollars but not employee positions were provided for the work, the U.S. Geological Survey was obliged to contract for the compilations.

A typical map set has a short text and about 20 plates, including a data sheet; a Federal mineral ownership map; and correlation charts. For each coal bed, there are isopachs, structure contours, stripping limits, and mining ratios extending as far as the data will permit, regardless of coal ownership. Reserve base tonnages and relative development potentials are calculated, but only for unleased Federal coal areas.

Termed “minable” are coal beds at least 1.524 m (5 ft) thick and less than 914.4 m (3,000 ft) deep. For conventional underground mining methods, beds dipping more than 15° are excluded; also excluded are all but 3.66 m (12 ft) of thick beds. For in situ conversion methods, the minimum dip is 15° except for the deep thick beds in the Powder River Basin.

Arbitrary parameters classify the development potential of each unleased 16.19-hectare (40-acre) tract as high, moderate, low, unknown, or negative. The former Secretary of the Interior announced his intention to restrict leasing in general to tracts classified as having high to moderate potential for development.

Many geologists will find these systematic map compilations to be useful bases for adding new data points and making their own interpretations, correlations, extrapolations, and reserve estimates.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<542:NMOFC>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Wayland, R.G., 1981, New maps of Federal coal: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 92, no. 8 pt 1, p. 542-550, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<542:NMOFC>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"542","endPage":"550","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221072,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"8 pt 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a65e5e4b0c8380cd72c8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wayland, R. G.","contributorId":12027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wayland","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70047794,"text":"70047794 - 1981 - Magnetics: 2-D anomaly","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9295,"text":"ofr791620 - 1979 - Texas Instruments Model 59 hand-calculator program to calculate magnetic anomaly over 2-D prisms of up to 12 vertices","indexId":"ofr791620","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Texas Instruments Model 59 hand-calculator program to calculate magnetic anomaly over 2-D prisms of up to 12 vertices"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047794,"text":"70047794 - 1981 - Magnetics: 2-D anomaly","indexId":"70047794","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Magnetics: 2-D anomaly"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-16T14:57:07","indexId":"70047794","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Magnetics: 2-D anomaly","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Manual of geophysical hand-calculator programs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","usgsCitation":"Campbell, D.L., and Haines, D.N., 1981, Magnetics: 2-D anomaly, chap. of Manual of geophysical hand-calculator programs, v. 2: TI.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":276954,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2: TI","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52188468e4b0e27b926cc6bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, D. L.","contributorId":90726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haines, Donald N.","contributorId":31765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":42065,"text":"ofr811158 - 1981 - Aeromagnetic map of the Ugashik-Karluk area, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-01T21:01:58.103519","indexId":"ofr811158","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1158","title":"Aeromagnetic map of the Ugashik-Karluk area, Alaska","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr811158","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Aeromagnetic map of the Ugashik-Karluk area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1158, 1 Plate: 27.66 x 24.55 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811158.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 27.66 x 24.55 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":135542,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":79817,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1158/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":108099,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_11899.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"11899"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Ugashik-Karluk area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158,\n 58\n ],\n [\n -158,\n 57\n ],\n [\n -155.333,\n 57\n ],\n [\n -155.333,\n 58\n ],\n [\n -158,\n 58\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae7e4b07f02db68c2fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":530810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":64773,"text":"i1287A - 1981 - Map showing water circulation and rates of sedimentation in the Corpus Christi 1 degree by 2 degrees quadrangle, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-04T16:23:28.651015","indexId":"i1287A","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1287","subseriesTitle":"MGA","chapter":"A","title":"Map showing water circulation and rates of sedimentation in the Corpus Christi 1 degree by 2 degrees quadrangle, Texas","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i1287A","usgsCitation":"Berryhill, H.L., and Trippet, A., 1981, Map showing water circulation and rates of sedimentation in the Corpus Christi 1 degree by 2 degrees quadrangle, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1287, Report: 1 p.; 1 Plate: 56.58 x 26.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1287A.","productDescription":"Report: 1 p.; 1 Plate: 56.58 x 26.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420251,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_9105.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":255196,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1287a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":255195,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1287a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":255194,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1287a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Corpus Christi 1 degree x 2 degrees quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.667,\n 28\n ],\n [\n -97.667,\n 27\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 27\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 28\n ],\n [\n -97.667,\n 28\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640de0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berryhill, H. L. Jr.","contributorId":96356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berryhill","given":"H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trippet, A. R.","contributorId":105377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trippet","given":"A. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70140560,"text":"70140560 - 1981 - Volgograd and vicinity: a Landsat view","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:59:56","indexId":"70140560","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2306,"text":"Journal of Geography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volgograd and vicinity: a Landsat view","docAbstract":"

Many diverse features can be discerned on the Landsat image of Volgograd and vicinity. Some of these features have resulted directly from man's alteration of the land surface in accordance with Stalin's and Khrushchev's plans for control of climate and for development in Volgograd and the surrounding area. Landsat images such as the one in this example provide the opportunity to inventory and assess man's imprint upon the land on a regional basis from a unique perspective.

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No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/em.2860030510","usgsCitation":"Abidi, S.L., and Finch, R.A., 1981, Mutagenicity of isomeric β, γ-unsaturated n-nitrosamines derived from terpene alkanolamines: Environmental Mutagenesis, v. 3, no. 5, p. 587-591, https://doi.org/10.1002/em.2860030510.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"587","endPage":"591","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129072,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698a75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abidi, S. L.","contributorId":19898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abidi","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finch, R. A.","contributorId":91050,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Finch","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70236738,"text":"70236738 - 1981 - Classifying and characterizing natural vegetation on a regional basis with Landsat MSS data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-16T16:29:09.062477","indexId":"70236738","displayToPublicDate":"1980-12-31T11:26:02","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Classifying and characterizing natural vegetation on a regional basis with Landsat MSS data","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Arid land resource inventories: Developing cost-efficient methods: An international workshop, November 30–December 6, 1980, La Paz, Mexico","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service","usgsCitation":"McDaniel, K.C., and Haas, R.H., 1981, Classifying and characterizing natural vegetation on a regional basis with Landsat MSS data, in Arid land resource inventories: Developing cost-efficient methods: An international workshop, November 30–December 6, 1980, La Paz, Mexico, p. 197-203.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"203","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406855,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDaniel, Kirk C.","contributorId":139113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDaniel","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haas, Robert H.","contributorId":93388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":852054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}