The Ninety-first Stated Meeting of the American Ornithologists' Union was held 8-12 October 1973 at Provincetown, on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, under the sponsorship of the Nuttall Ornithological Club, which was celebrating its centennial year. Business, technical, and social sessions were held in the Provincetown Inn. Field trips were taken to various localities on Cape Cod.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Banks, R., 1974, Proceedings of the ninety-first stated meeting of the American Ornithologists' Union: The Auk, v. 91, no. 2, p. 387-410.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"387","endPage":"410","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341412,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4084517"}],"volume":"91","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660394","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banks, Richard C.","contributorId":20440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"Richard C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224400,"text":"5224400 - 1974 - Optimal exploitation strategies for an animal population in a stochastic serially correlated environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:29","indexId":"5224400","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:57","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1397,"text":"Dissertation Abstracts International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optimal exploitation strategies for an animal population in a stochastic serially correlated environment","docAbstract":"Optimal exploitation strategies were studied for an animal population in a stochastic, serially correlated environment. This is a general case and encompasses a number of important cases as simplifications. Data on the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) were used to explore the exploitation strategies and test several hypotheses because relatively much is known concerning the life history and general ecology of this species and extensive empirical data are available for analysis. The number of small ponds on the central breeding grounds was used as an index to the state of the environment. Desirable properties of an optimal exploitation strategy were defined. A mathematical model was formulated to provide a synthesis of the existing literature, estimates of parameters developed from an analysis of data, and hypotheses regarding the specific effect of exploitation on total survival. Both the literature and the analysis of data were inconclusive concerning the effect of exploitation on survival. Therefore, alternative hypotheses were formulated: (1) exploitation mortality represents a largely additive form of mortality, or (2 ) exploitation mortality is compensatory with other forms of mortality, at least to some threshold level. Models incorporating these two hypotheses were formulated as stochastic dynamic programming models and optimal exploitation strategies were derived numerically on a digital computer. Optimal exploitation strategies were found to exist under rather general conditions. Direct feedback control was an integral component in the optimal decision-making process. Optimal exploitation was found to be substantially different depending upon the hypothesis regarding the effect of exploitation on the population. Assuming that exploitation is largely an additive force of mortality, optimal exploitation decisions are a convex function of the size of the breeding population and a linear or slightly concave function of the environmental conditions. Optimal exploitation under this hypothesis tends to reduce the variance of the size of the population. Under the hypothesis of compensatory mortality forces, optimal exploitation decisions are approximately linearly related to the size of the breeding population. Environmental variables may be somewhat more important than the size of the breeding population to the production of young mallards. In contrast, the size of the breeding population appears to be more important in the exploitation process than is the state of the environment. The form of the exploitation strategy appears to be relatively insensitive to small changes in the production rate. In general, the relative importance of the size of the breeding population may decrease as fecundity increases. The optimal level of exploitation in year t must be based on the observed size of the population and the state of the environment in year t unless the dynamics of the population, the state of the environment, and the result of the exploitation decisions are completely deterministic. Exploitation based on an average harvest, harvest rate, or designed to maintain a constant breeding population size is inefficient.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Dissertation Abstracts International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Order No. 74-29,047","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D., 1974, Optimal exploitation strategies for an animal population in a stochastic serially correlated environment: Dissertation Abstracts International, v. 35, no. 6.","productDescription":"3107 (abstract)","startPage":"3107","numberOfPages":"3107","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb92e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, David R.","contributorId":8413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5223473,"text":"5223473 - 1974 - Taxonomic status of certain clapper rails of southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:41","indexId":"5223473","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:57","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Taxonomic status of certain clapper rails of southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico","docAbstract":"Examination of 58 Clapper Rail specimens taken in the breeding season from the Colorado Valley and the west coast of mainland Mexico verifies the distinctness of the races Rallus longirostris yomanensis, R. 1. rhizophorae, and R. 1. nayaritensis. Rallus 1. yumanensis is a relatively pale brown, pointed-winged, summer resident of freshwater marshes along the valley and delta of the Colorado River. Late winter specimens of yumanensis have been taken in freshwater and saltwater habitats in the Mexican states of Sinaloa and Puebla. Both R. 1. rhizophorae, a pale grayish bird, and R. 1. nayaritensis, a darker grayish form, are presumed year-round residents of the western Mexican mangrove swamps. Both have more rounded wings than yumanensis. The range of rhizophorae extends south along the coast from central Sonora to central Sinaloa, and that of nayaritensis from central Sinaloa to the vicinity of San Blas, Nayarit. Features of the range and characters of birds where the range of these two races approach each other are unclear.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Banks, R., and Tomlinson, R.E., 1974, Taxonomic status of certain clapper rails of southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 86, no. 4, p. 325-335.","productDescription":"325-335","startPage":"325","endPage":"335","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16213,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Wilson/v086n04/p0325-p0335.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"86","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adde4b07f02db686b57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banks, Richard C.","contributorId":20440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"Richard C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tomlinson, R. E.","contributorId":78830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomlinson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222231,"text":"5222231 - 1974 - Breeding red-winged blackbirds in captivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-17T09:50:00","indexId":"5222231","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:57","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding red-winged blackbirds in captivity","docAbstract":"Ability to establish and maintain self-sustaining breeding colonies of captive Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) would facilitate long-term studies designed to develop methods for alleviating blackbird depredations as well as provide basic life history data. To be most useful, the colonies should be established in pens near laboratory facilities; this frequently involves putting colonies in unnatural nesting habitat. This paper describes a 5-year effort at Gainesville, Florida, to induce captive Red-wings, most of them taken from the wild as nestlings and then hand-reared in our laboratory, to breed regularly under such conditions.
Except for an undocumented report of two young fully reared at the London Zoo in 1913 (Prestwick per. comm.), captive Red-wings have not been induced to breed successfully under avicultural conditions. In 1969, captive Red-wings, wild-trapped as adults, were induced to breed and to rear young successfully in large pens over normal marsh and hayfield nesting habitat in Ohio (Jackson pers. comm.). Earlier, a pair of Red-wings that had been caught as adults and kept together for a year hatched two young in a 40- X 20- X 6-foot cage in Massachusetts (Wetherbee 1960, Wilson Bull. 74: 90), but the nestlings died soon after hatching.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4084732","usgsCitation":"Know, C., and Stickley, A., 1974, Breeding red-winged blackbirds in captivity: The Auk, v. 91, no. 4, p. 808-816, https://doi.org/10.2307/4084732.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"808","endPage":"816","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480641,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4084732","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":199689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb40f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Know, C.J.","contributorId":31871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Know","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stickley, A.R. Jr.","contributorId":14538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickley","given":"A.R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222911,"text":"5222911 - 1974 - The seventy-fourth Christmas bird count. [Untitled. Summary for Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, and Virginia]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:45","indexId":"5222911","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:57","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":708,"text":"American Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The seventy-fourth Christmas bird count. [Untitled. Summary for Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, and Virginia]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Bystrak, D., 1974, The seventy-fourth Christmas bird count. [Untitled. Summary for Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, and Virginia]: American Birds, v. 28, no. 2, p. 154-156.","productDescription":"154-156","startPage":"154","endPage":"156","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197473,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63e6c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bystrak, D.R.","contributorId":46188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bystrak","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5220946,"text":"5220946 - 1974 - The breeding bird atlas of Montgomery County, Maryland, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:00","indexId":"5220946","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:56","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":641,"text":"Acta Ornithologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The breeding bird atlas of Montgomery County, Maryland, USA","docAbstract":"A two-year Breeding Bird Atlas program for Montgomery County was undertaken by the Maryland Ornithological Society in 1971-1972. The county was divided into 65 5 km blocks and each block was assigned to an observer. Preliminary results show 46 to 93 species (mean 66) recorded per 5 km block and from 10 to 52 species (mean 28) confirmed per block. When the data are combined into 10 km block, the number of species recorded ranges from 74 to 97 (mean 88) and the number of confirmed species ranges from 36 to 62 (mean 49). The organizers underestimated the amount of time that would be required for sufficient coverage, and they plan to extend coverage for a third year in order to provide a much firmer basis for future comparisons. Specific suggestions for improving coverage are listed. The advantages of using as small a grid as possible are stressed, and it is recommended that in future Atlas projects each assigned block be subdivided into quarters for more detailed mapping, and especially to enable future changes in bird distribution to be detected more readily.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acta Ornithologica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Proceedings of the fourth meeting of the International Bird Census Committee and second meeting of the European Ornithological Atlas Committee / editors, J. Pinowski and K. Williamson, held 1972, Warsaw, Poland","usgsCitation":"Klimkiewicz, M.K., and Robbins, C., 1974, The breeding bird atlas of Montgomery County, Maryland, USA: Acta Ornithologica, v. 14, no. 37, p. 446-458.","productDescription":"446-458","startPage":"446","endPage":"458","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"37","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db669608","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klimkiewicz, M. K.","contributorId":53490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klimkiewicz","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222046,"text":"5222046 - 1974 - The winter bird survey of central Maryland, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:06","indexId":"5222046","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:56","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":641,"text":"Acta Ornithologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The winter bird survey of central Maryland, U.S.A","docAbstract":"A method for monitoring changes in winter bird populations was tested in central Maryland in the winters of 1970, 1971 and 1972. A systematic sample of 41 transects was established to sample an area of 6150 sq. km. Each transect, located at the center of a standard 7 1/2-minute topographic map, was 8 km in length and approximately square in shape. Coverage began at local sunrise on any one day from 15 January to 15 February, and was completed in exactly 4 hours. Birds seen or heard within one-fourth mile (0.40) km were recorded separately for each hour, and those identified at a greater distance were entered in a separate column. The mean number of species per route was 29. Ten species showed a statistically significant change from 1970 to 1971 and 8 from 1971 to 1972. The Winter Bird Survey results were compared with the results from the Audubon Society's Christmas Bird Count in the same area. Close correlation was found between the two surveys, but in general the Winter Bird Survey totals are higher except for species that frequent feeding trays and those that are conspicuous along roadsides. The Winter Bird Survey method shows much promise as a means of world-wide monitoring of bird populations; it is urged that field tests be conducted on other continents.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acta Ornithologica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Proceedings of the fourth meeting of the International Bird Census Committee and second meeting of the European Ornithological Atlas Committee / editors, J. Pinowski and K. Williamson, held 1972, Warsaw, Poland","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., and Bystrak, D., 1974, The winter bird survey of central Maryland, U.S.A: Acta Ornithologica, v. 14, no. 17, p. 254-271.","productDescription":"254-271","startPage":"254","endPage":"271","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a57e4b07f02db62e8f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bystrak, D.","contributorId":58220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bystrak","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224970,"text":"5224970 - 1974 - Percutaneous absorption of several chemicals, some pesticides included, in the red-winged blackbird","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-13T16:06:51","indexId":"5224970","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1554,"text":"Environmental Physiology and Biochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Percutaneous absorption of several chemicals, some pesticides included, in the red-winged blackbird","docAbstract":"Percutaneous absorption in vivo through the skin of the feet of the red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) has been investigated. Absorption after 18-24 hours exposure to 0.01 M solutions of salicylic acid, caffeine, urea, 2,4-D, dieldrin, diethylstilbesterol, and DDT was measured. Of these, only DDT and diethylstilbesterol were not absorbed to a measurable degree. The solvents ethanol, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and vegetable oil were compared with water in their effects on the absorption ofcaffeine, urea, and salicylic acid. Ethanol, DMSO,and oil each decreased percutaneous absorption of salicylic acid. DMSO increased absorption of caffeine, and ethanol had no effect on it. Neither DMSO nor ethanol affected penetration of urea. Partition coefficients (K) (epidermis/water) were determined for all seven penetrants. Compounds with higher values of K showed lower percutaneous absorption. These findings suggest that K may be useful to predict percutaneous absorption in vivo. It appears unlikely that percutaneous absorption contributes greatly to the body burden of 2,4-D and dieldrin in A. phoeniceus.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Physiology and Biochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"7119_Rogers.pdf","usgsCitation":"Rogers, J., Cagan, R., and Kare, M., 1974, Percutaneous absorption of several chemicals, some pesticides included, in the red-winged blackbird: Environmental Physiology and Biochemistry, v. 4, no. 3, p. 104-111.","productDescription":"104-111","startPage":"104","endPage":"111","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b31e4b07f02db6b41d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rogers, J.G. Jr.","contributorId":46651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"J.G.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cagan, R.H.","contributorId":65587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cagan","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kare, M.R.","contributorId":31088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kare","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5230255,"text":"5230255 - 1974 - Mammals imported into the United States in 1972","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:23","indexId":"5230255","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T11:33:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":83,"text":"Special Scientific Report - Wildlife","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"181","title":"Mammals imported into the United States in 1972","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Clapp, R.B., 1974, Mammals imported into the United States in 1972: Special Scientific Report - Wildlife 181, ii, 46.","productDescription":"ii, 46","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":112160,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015001470163?urlappend=%3Bseq=669"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a097","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clapp, R. B.","contributorId":9371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5200348,"text":"5200348 - 1974 - Relationships between chemical structure and rat repellency: II. compounds screened between 1950 and 1960","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T09:27:32","indexId":"5200348","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":91,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"75-11-FEL.","title":"Relationships between chemical structure and rat repellency: II. compounds screened between 1950 and 1960","docAbstract":"Over 4,600 compounds, chiefly organic types, were evaluated using both a food acceptance test (Part A) and a barrier penetration bioassay (Part B), to correlate relationships between chemical structure and rodent repellency. These chemicals are indexed and classified according to the functional groups present and to the degree of substitution within their molecular structures. The results of reduction in food consumption for each compound appraised are calculated and their K values listed in Table 1. The repellent activities of the functional groups represented, alone or in combinations, are expressed in Table II by a Functional Group Repellency Index.. A ranking of these indices suggests that acyclic and heteroyclic compounds containing tri- or pentavalent nitrogen would be a parent compound of choice for synthesizing novel repellents. Other molecular arrangements, spatial configurations and combinations of functional groups are compared. There were 123 active, interesting or promising compounds included in the 699 having K values of 85 or greater, which were selected for the barrier appraisal study. These chemicals were formulated in selective solvents at several concentrations and applied to burlap. Small food bags were fashioned using the fabric impregnated with the candidate formulation, and exposed to rodent attack following storage periods of varying intervals. The results of these tests are listed in Table III. Again, those compounds containing nitrogen in the functional groupings indicated a high order of effectiveness. Several commercial patents covering rodent repellents were issued using the data from the food acceptance and barrier studies. Organizations and cooperators which supplied samples for the program are listed in Appendix I. The Wiswesser cipher for compounds in Table I is used in Appendix II to facilitate location of chemicals by sample code number as they appear under the index headings, and for computer storage and analysis.","language":"English","publisher":" Food Engineering Laboratory, US Army Natick Laboratories","publisherLocation":"Natick, MA","collaboration":"OCLC: 2748732. Project reference: 1T662713A031-07","usgsCitation":"Bowles, W.A., Adomaitis, V.A., DeWitt, J., and Pratt, J., 1974, Relationships between chemical structure and rat repellency: II. compounds screened between 1950 and 1960: Technical Report 75-11-FEL., iv, 375.","productDescription":"iv, 375","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202976,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92056,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA005157"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db63472a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowles, Walter A.","contributorId":101779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowles","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adomaitis, V. A.","contributorId":66198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adomaitis","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeWitt, J.B.","contributorId":89080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pratt, J.J. Jr.","contributorId":40543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"J.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5210432,"text":"5210432 - 1974 - Diseases and parasites in urban wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:19","indexId":"5210432","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Diseases and parasites in urban wildlife","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"A Symposium on Wildlife in an Urbanizing Environment. ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Massachusetts, Cooperative Extension Service","publisherLocation":"Amherst, Ma","usgsCitation":"Locke, L.N., 1974, Diseases and parasites in urban wildlife, chap. of A Symposium on Wildlife in an Urbanizing Environment. .","productDescription":"182","startPage":"111 (abs)","numberOfPages":"182","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a496","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Noyes, J.H.","contributorId":66636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noyes","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506452,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Progulske, D.R.","contributorId":112704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Progulske","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506453,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Locke, L. N.","contributorId":73539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210436,"text":"5210436 - 1974 - Effects of urbanization and type of urban development on bird populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:19","indexId":"5210436","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Effects of urbanization and type of urban development on bird populations","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"A Symposium on Wildlife in an Urbanizing Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Massachusetts, Cooperative Extension Service","publisherLocation":"Amherst, Ma","usgsCitation":"Geis, A.D., 1974, Effects of urbanization and type of urban development on bird populations, chap. of A Symposium on Wildlife in an Urbanizing Environment, p. 97-105.","productDescription":"182","startPage":"97","endPage":"105","numberOfPages":"182","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fe0a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Noyes, J.H.","contributorId":66636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noyes","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506458,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Progulske, D.R.","contributorId":112704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Progulske","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506459,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Geis, A. D.","contributorId":72885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geis","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210611,"text":"5210611 - 1974 - Environmental effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:20","indexId":"5210611","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Environmental effects","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herbicide Report. Chemistry and Analysis, Environmental Effects, Agriculture and other Applied Uses","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Science Advisory Board, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","collaboration":"OCLC: 16729652 and OCLC: 3356487 For sale by National Technical Information Service. PB-66006","usgsCitation":"Pimentel, D.C., Kenaga, E., Slife, F., Mooney, H., Odum, R., and Stickel, L., 1974, Environmental effects, chap. of Herbicide Report. Chemistry and Analysis, Environmental Effects, Agriculture and other Applied Uses, p. 45-74.","productDescription":"x, 196","startPage":"45","endPage":"74","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db6023d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pimentel, D. coordinator coordinator","contributorId":62715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pimentel","given":"D.","suffix":"coordinator","email":"","middleInitial":"coordinator","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kenaga, E.","contributorId":21665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenaga","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slife, F.W.","contributorId":27590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slife","given":"F.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mooney, H.","contributorId":21910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Odum, R.E.","contributorId":43470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odum","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stickel, L.","contributorId":75660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickel","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5200026,"text":"5200026 - 1974 - Research on shore and upland migratory birds in New Jersey: Clapper rail studies: 1974 final report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:18","indexId":"5200026","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Research on shore and upland migratory birds in New Jersey: Clapper rail studies: 1974 final report","language":"English","publisher":"State of New Jersey, Division of Fish, Game, and Shellfisheries, Department of Environmental Protection","publisherLocation":"Trenton, N.J.","collaboration":"OCLC: 11674743. Partially funded by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, contract no. 14-16-0008-937.","usgsCitation":"Mangold, R., 1974, Research on shore and upland migratory birds in New Jersey: Clapper rail studies: 1974 final report, 17.","productDescription":"17","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201112,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c610","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mangold, R.E.","contributorId":9743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangold","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5200081,"text":"5200081 - 1974 - Optimal exploitation strategies for an animal population in a stochastic serially correlated environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:20","indexId":"5200081","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Optimal exploitation strategies for an animal population in a stochastic serially correlated environment","docAbstract":"Optimal exploitation strategies were studied for an animal population in a stochastic, serially correlated environment. This is a general case and encompasses a number of important cases as simplifications. Data on the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) were used to explore the exploitation strategies and test several hypotheses because relatively much is known concerning the life history and general ecology of this species and extensive empirical data are available for analysis. The number of small ponds on the central breeding grounds was used as an index to the state of the environment. Desirable properties of an optimal exploitation strategy were defined. A mathematical model was formulated to provide a synthesis of the existing literature, estimates of parameters developed from an analysis of data, and hypotheses regarding the specific effect of exploitation on total survival. Both the literature and the analysis of data were inconclusive concerning the effect of exploitation on survival. Therefore, alternative hypotheses were formulated: (1) exploitation mortality represents a largely additive form of mortality, or (2 ) exploitation mortality is compensatory with other forms of mortality, at least to some threshold level. Models incorporating these two hypotheses were formulated as stochastic dynamic programming models and optimal exploitation strategies were derived numerically on a digital computer. Optimal exploitation strategies were found to exist under rather general conditions. Direct feedback control was an integral component in the optimal decision-making process. Optimal exploitation was found to be substantially different depending upon the hypothesis regarding the effect of exploitation on the population. Assuming that exploitation is largely an additive force of mortality, optimal exploitation decisions are a convex function of the size of the breeding population and a linear or slightly concave function of the environmental conditions. Optimal exploitation under this hypothesis tends to reduce the variance of the size of the population. Under the hypothesis of compensatory mortality forces, optimal exploitation decisions are approximately linearly related to the size of the breeding population. Environmental variables may be somewhat more important than the size of the breeding population to the production of young mallards. In contrast, the size of the breeding population appears to be more important in the exploitation process than is the state of the environment. The form of the exploitation strategy appears to be relatively insensitive to small changes in the production rate. In general, the relative importance of the size of the breeding population may decrease as fecundity increases. The optimal level of exploitation in year t must be based on the observed size of the population and the state of the environment in year t unless the dynamics of the population, the state of the environment, and the result of the exploitation decisions are completely deterministic. Exploitation based on an average harvest, harvest rate, or designed to maintain a constant breeding population size is inefficient.","language":"English","publisher":"Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Maryland","publisherLocation":"College Park","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D., 1974, Optimal exploitation strategies for an animal population in a stochastic serially correlated environment, 84.","productDescription":"84","numberOfPages":"84","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f400c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, David R.","contributorId":8413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70039550,"text":"70039550 - 1974 - The National Center of the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-11T01:01:52","indexId":"70039550","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-08T12:52:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"The National Center of the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"In August of 1973, the U. S. Geological Survey moved its first group of employees into the John Wesley Powell Federal Building of its newly constructed National Center at Reston, Virginia. The move signaled the fruition of more than a decade of planning and work to consolidate the agency's widespread activities into one location which could truly serve as a National Center. The Survey's leadership in the natural resources field has been materially strengthened through the availability of the Center's outstanding research and engineering facilities. Also the Center affords important professional and administrative advantages by bringing together the 2,200 Survey employees in the Washington, D.C, metropolitan area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70039550","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1974, The National Center of the U.S. Geological Survey, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039550.","productDescription":"34 p.","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261674,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039550/report.pdf"},{"id":261675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039550/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Reston","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.36666666666666,38.95 ], [ -77.36666666666666,38.93333333333333 ], [ -77.35,38.93333333333333 ], [ -77.35,38.95 ], [ -77.36666666666666,38.95 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba819e4b08c986b3219eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010047,"text":"70010047 - 1974 - An Anvilian (early pleistocene) marine fauna from western Seward Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-11T16:25:08.944253","indexId":"70010047","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An Anvilian (early pleistocene) marine fauna from western Seward Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"Cover sediments of the York Terrace exposed near the California River, western Seward Peninsula, Alaska, yield mollusks, ostracodes, and foraminifera that lived during the Anvilian transgression of early Pleistocene age. The fossiliferous sediments lie at the inner edge of the York Terrace, a deformed wave-cut platform that extends eastward from Bering Strait along much of the southern coast of Seward Peninsula. The seaward margin is truncated by the little-deformed Lost River Terrace, carved during the Pelukian (Sangamonian) transgression. The early Pleistocene sediments seem to have been deposited between the first and second of four glaciations for which evidence can be found in the California River area.
The California River fauna includes several extinct species and several species now confined to areas as remote as the northwestern Pacific and north Atlantic. The fauna probably lived in water temperatures much like those of the present time but deeper water on the Bering Shelf is suggested.
The presence of an early Pleistocene fauna at the inner edge of the York Terrace at California River shows that the terrace was largely carved before and during early Pleistocene time. However, a marine fauna apparently of middle Pleistocene age is found on the York Terrace near Cassiterite Peak, and this seems to indicate that the terrace remained low until middle Pleistocene time. Uplift of the York Terrace probably was accompanied by uplift of Bering Strait. The strait may have been deeper, and there may have been no land bridge between the Seward Peninsula of Alaksa and the Chukotka Peninsula of Siberia during most of early and middle Pleistocene time.
Geologic evidence in the closed Seistan Basin of southwestern Afghanistan and adjacent parts of Iran and Pakistan indicates that a lake as much as 65,000 sq km in size occupied this closed depression during Pleistocene time. The deposits consist mostly of lacustrine silt and clay and have a maximum observed thickness of about 250 m. A layer of alluvial gravels overlies the sequence. The deposits are probably early or middle Pleistocene in age; they are old enough to have sustained nearly 300 m of erosion over large areas but are not faulted or detectably folded in the central part of the basin although they are upwarped along the west edge of the basin.
Sand dunes cover extensive areas of the basin. Dune orientation shows that the strong surface winds enter the basin blowing toward the south-southeast and then are deflected to the east, apparently as a response to mountains bordering the basin on its south side. The Gawdezereh, a large deflation depression, may be a result of an augmented excavation ability of winds that oc urs where turbulence is created along a zone of deflection.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(74)90062-3","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Smith, G., 1974, Quaternary deposits in southwestern Afghanistan: Quaternary Research, v. 4, no. 1, p. 39-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(74)90062-3.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"52","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219280,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Afghanistan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 59.94140624999999,\n 28.613459424004414\n ],\n [\n 67.5,\n 28.613459424004414\n ],\n [\n 67.5,\n 33.43144133557529\n ],\n [\n 59.94140624999999,\n 33.43144133557529\n ],\n [\n 59.94140624999999,\n 28.613459424004414\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a928ee4b0c8380cd80916","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, G.I.","contributorId":103694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011015,"text":"70011015 - 1974 - Preliminary results from a search for regional tectonomagnetic effects in California and western Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-29T16:13:30.649569","indexId":"70011015","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary results from a search for regional tectonomagnetic effects in California and western Nevada","docAbstract":"Physical theory and laboratory experiments both indicate that tectonomagnetic effects in seismically active areas should be detected with highly sensitive drift-free differential magnetometers. By using a pair of synchronized 0.25 7 absolute magnetometers to measure precisely field differences between 70 adjacent sites with a 10–15 km separation, more than 1,000 km of faults in California and western Nevada have been monitored for anomalous changes in the local magnetic field. Over a nine-month period, four sets of mea surements have been completed along 350 km of the San Andreas and two sets along the Excelsior Mountains, Mono Lake, and Owens Valley. Preliminary results show that significant changes have occurred between each subsequent data set and that these changes appear to be related to tectonic structure and seismicity. This method looks promising as a simple inexpensive scheme for indicating some hazardous sections of active faults, particularly in countries where extensive geophysics programs are not feasible.
The seismic profile of the crust of the northern part of the Basin and Range province by its thinness and layering is intermediate between typical continental and oceanic crust and resembles that of marginal ocean basins, especially those with thick sedimentary fill. The geologic history of the Great Basin indicates that it was the site of a succession of marginal ocean basins opening and closing behind volcanic arcs during much of Paleozoic time. A long process of sedimentation and deformation followed throughout the Mesozoic modifying, but possibly not completely transforming the originally oceanic crust to continental crust. In the Cenozoic, after at least 40 m.y. of quiescence and stable conditions, substantial crustal and upper-mantle changes are recorded by elevation of the entire region in isostatic equilibrium, crustal extension resulting in Basin and Range faulting, extensive volcanism, high heat flow and a low-velocity mantle. These phenomena, apparently the result of plate tectonics, are superimposed on the inherited subcontinental crust that developed from an oceanic origin in Paleozoic time and possibly retained some of its thin and layered characteristics. The present anomalous crust in the Great Basin represents an accretion of oceanic geosynclinal material to a Precambrian continental nucleus apparently as an intermediate step in the process of conversion of oceanic crust into a stable continental landmass or craton.
The structure of the continental shelf off southern Morocco was studied by means of 2,100 km of seismic reflection profiles, magnetic and bathymetric surveys, and dredge samples. The research area lies off four geologic divisions adjacent to the coast: the Atlas Mountains; the Souss Trough; the Anti-Atlas Mountains; and the Aaiun Basin. The continental shelf, along with the western Atlas Mountains, the western Souss Trough, and the entire Aaiun Basin, has subsided along a normal fault-flexure system. This system runs along the shore at the Anti-Atlas Mountains, and cuts off this cratonic block from the shelf subsidence. The shelf is narrow and characterized by out-building off the Anti-Atlas range, whereas it is broader and characterized by upbuilding to the north and south. Deposition was essentially continuous at least from Early Cretaceous through Eocene time. Published work suggests that the last cycle of sedimentation began during Permian rifting. After Eocene time, most sediments carried to the shelf must have bypassed it and gone to construct the slope and rise or to the deep sea. Tertiary orogenies caused extensive folding of Mesozoic and early Tertiary deposits off the Atlas Mountains.
Interlayered plagioclase-quartz gneisses and amphibolites from 2.7 to more than 3.6 b.y. old form much of the basement underlying Precambrian greenstone belts of the world; they are especially well-developed and preserved in the Transvaal and Rhodesian cratons. We postulate that these basement rocks are largely a metamorphosed, volcanic, bimodal suite of tholeiite and high-silica low-potash dacite—compositionally similar to the 1.8-b.y.-old Twilight Gneiss — and partly intrusive equivalents injected into the lower parts of such volcanic piles.
We speculate that magmatism in the Early Precambrian involved higher heat flow and more hydrous conditions than in the Phanerozoic. Specifically, we suggest that the early degassing of the Earth produced a basaltic crust and pyrolitic upper mantle that contained much amphibole, serpentine, and other hydrous minerals. Dehydration of the lower parts of a downgoing slab of such hydrous crust and upper mantle would release sufficient water to prohibit formation of andesitic liquid in the upper part of the slab. Instead, a dacitic liquid and a residuum of amphibole and other silica-poor phases would form, according to Green and Ringwood's experimental results. Higher temperatures farther down the slab would cause total melting of basalt and generation of the tholeiitic member of the suite. This type of magma generation and volcanism persisted until the early hydrous lithosphere was consumed.
An implication of this hypothesis is that about half the present volume of the oceans formed before about 2.6 b.y. ago.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0301-9268(74)90014-X","issn":"03019268","usgsCitation":"Barker, F., and Peterman, Z.E., 1974, Bimodal tholeiitic-dacitic magmatism and the Early Precambrian crust: Precambrian Research, v. 1, no. 1, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(74)90014-X.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219748,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f134e4b0c8380cd4aabe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barker, F.","contributorId":101368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterman, Z. E.","contributorId":63781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011014,"text":"70011014 - 1974 - Geodimeter measurements of slip and strain accumulation along the San Andreas fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-29T16:08:42.688381","indexId":"70011014","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geodimeter measurements of slip and strain accumulation along the San Andreas fault","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey conducts repeated geodimeter surveys of trilateration networks in central California in order to study the processes of slip and strain accumulation along the San Andreas fault. The precision of distance measurement is described by a standard deviation σ = (a2+ b2L2)12 where a = (a2+ b2L2)12 where a = 3mm, b = 2 · 10−7, and L is the line length. Within the precision of measurement, no anomalous strain episodes preceding earthquakes or even strain discontinuities at the time of earthquakes were detected from repeated measurements of lines near the epicenters of small (magnitude 4.5–5.1) earthquakes. Annual measurements of small (5-km aperture) strain polygons near the San Andreas fault have not proved strain accumulation in a 3-year period. Repeated measurements of longer lines over periods of 8 to 14 years indicate changes that cannot be attributed to fault slip and must represent strain accumulation at the level of a few parts in 107 per year.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i797_1974","usgsCitation":"Page, N.J., and Nokleberg, W.J., 1974, Geologic map of the Stillwater complex, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 797, 5 Plates: 47.62 x 30.14 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/i797_1974.","productDescription":"5 Plates: 47.62 x 30.14 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":426266,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/i797","text":"2002 edition with Digital Database","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":187970,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":426265,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_9633.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"12000","country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Stillwater Complex","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.317,\n 45.549\n ],\n [\n -110.317,\n 45.315\n ],\n [\n -109.717,\n 45.315\n ],\n [\n -109.717,\n 45.549\n ],\n [\n -110.317,\n 45.549\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a74e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Page, Norman J.","contributorId":46492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":275052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70197610,"text":"70197610 - 1974 - Map showing water-level decline in the alluvial aquifer, spring 1964 to spring 1974, upper Black Squirrel Creek basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-28T16:23:10.282423","indexId":"70197610","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Map showing water-level decline in the alluvial aquifer, spring 1964 to spring 1974, upper Black Squirrel Creek basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70197610","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Division of Water Resources, Office of the State Engineer and the City of Colorado Springs, Department of Public Utilities","usgsCitation":"Bingham, D.L., and Klein, J.M., 1974, Map showing water-level decline in the alluvial aquifer, spring 1964 to spring 1974, upper Black Squirrel Creek basin, Colorado: Open-File Report, 1 Plate: 12.32 x 24.49 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70197610.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 12.32 x 24.49 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":355006,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70197610/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":401001,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70197610/plate-1.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Upper Black Squirrel Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.45594787597656,\n 38.73373238087942\n ],\n [\n -104.09820556640625,\n 38.73373238087942\n ],\n [\n -104.09820556640625,\n 39.01918369029134\n ],\n [\n -104.45594787597656,\n 39.01918369029134\n ],\n [\n -104.45594787597656,\n 38.73373238087942\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bingham, Donald L.","contributorId":47389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bingham","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klein, John M.","contributorId":27036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}