Sea cliffs 40 km east of Almeria, southeastern Spain, expose upper Miocene reefs and patch reefs of the Plomo formation. These reefs are formed of scleractinian corals, calcareous algae, and mollusks. The reef cores are as much as 65 m thick and several hundred meters wide. Fore-reef talus beds extend 1,300 m across and are 40 m thick. The reefs and reef breccias are composed of calcitic dolomite. They lie on volcanic rocks that have a K-Ar date of 11.5 m.y. and in turn are overlain by the upper Miocene Vicar Formation.
In the reef cores and fore-reef breccia beds, porosity is both primary and postdepositional. Primary porosity is of three types: (a) boring clam holes in the scleractinian coral heads, cemented reef rocks, and breccias; (b) intraparticle porosity within the corals, Halimeda plates, and vermetid worm tubes; and (c) interparticle porosity between bioclastic fragments and in the reef breccia. Postdepositional moldic porosity was formed by the solution of aragonitic material such as molluscan and coral fragments.
The Plomo reef carbonate rocks have high porosity and permeability, and retain a great amount of depositional porosity. Pores range in size from a few micrometers to 30 cm. The extensive intercrystalline porosity and high permeability resulted from dolomitization of micritic matrix. Dolomite rhombs are between 10 and 30 µ across. More moldic porosity was formed by the dissolution of the calcite bioclasts. Some porosity reduction has occurred by incomplete and partial sparry calcite infilling of interparticular, moldic, and intercrystalline voids.
The high porosity and permeability of these reefs make them important targets for petroleum exploration in the western Mediterranean off southern Spain. In these offshore areas in the subsurface the volcanic ridge and the Plomo reef complex are locally onlapped or overlapped by 350 m or more of Miocene(?) and Pliocene fine-grained sedimentary rocks. The possibility exists that the buried Plomo reef deposits may form traps for oil and gas in the offshore areas southwest of the type locality. Stratigraphic traps also may occur where the Neogene sequence above the Plomo reef complex onlaps the volcanic ridge.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","doi":"10.1306/2F918950-16CE-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Armstrong, A.K., Snavely, P., and Addicott, W., 1980, Porosity evolution of upper Miocene reefs, Almeria Province, southern Spain: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 64, no. 2, p. 188-208, https://doi.org/10.1306/2F918950-16CE-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"188","endPage":"208","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265510,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Spain","state":"Almeria Province","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -3.14,35.94 ], [ -3.14,37.92 ], [ -1.63,37.92 ], [ -1.63,35.94 ], [ -3.14,35.94 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"64","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f7da27e4b0faa3ef21ec29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armstrong, A. K.","contributorId":83161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snavely, P. D.","contributorId":76766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snavely","given":"P. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Addicott, W.O.","contributorId":17609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Addicott","given":"W.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1014235,"text":"1014235 - 1980 - Handling as a factor in mortality of trout with or without furunculosis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-13T15:13:53.648532","indexId":"1014235","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Handling as a factor in mortality of trout with or without furunculosis","docAbstract":"Mortalities of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), brown trout (Salmo trutta), and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in 1978 and 1979 were significantly higher in clinically diseased than in subclinically diseased or healthy fish in both years. Mortalities in diseased fish within 24 h after sampling were not statistically different from those in specific-pathogen-free controls; however, the crowding offish lots for stocking resulted in significantly higher mortalities in furunculosis-infected brown trout in 1979. Crowding and handling for stocking thus caused higher mortality in diseased fish than just sampling. Healthy trout were able to tolerate more handling stress.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1980)42[157:HAAFIM]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hosmer, M., 1980, Handling as a factor in mortality of trout with or without furunculosis: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 42, no. 3, p. 157-159, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1980)42[157:HAAFIM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"159","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131710,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a75e4b07f02db644bb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hosmer, M.J.","contributorId":61386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hosmer","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014167,"text":"1014167 - 1980 - External standpipe drain system for fish tanks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-13T15:10:35.217349","indexId":"1014167","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"External standpipe drain system for fish tanks","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1980)42[53:ESDSFF]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Parker, N., and Jackson, G.A., 1980, External standpipe drain system for fish tanks: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 42, no. 1, p. 53-54, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1980)42[53:ESDSFF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"54","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131610,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8a2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parker, N. C.","contributorId":101209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"N. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, Gerry A.","contributorId":173587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"Gerry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1013634,"text":"1013634 - 1980 - Effects of diet on survival and growth of the Atlantic silverside","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-13T15:18:07.992128","indexId":"1013634","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of diet on survival and growth of the Atlantic silverside","docAbstract":"Effects of two live and seven prepared diets on the survival and growth of postlarval and juvenile Atlantic silversides (Menidia menidia) were determined. Two experiments were conducted, one with 23-day-old postlarvae and one with 57-day-old juveniles. In both experiments, growth rate and survival were greatest on the live diet of brine shrimp (Artemia salina) nauplii. Survival was lowest on a prepared diet originally designed for freshwater fish species. Growth was similarly low for all lots fed prepared diets. A commercial flake food was the best of the prepared diets tested. Response to the diet was more sensitively reflected in growth than in survival. Younger fish showed a greater and more immediate growth response to diets than did juveniles. Postlarval fish that were fed brine shrimp gained 36.6 mg (from an initial body wet weight of 9.3 mg), whereas those fed the flake diet gained 4.5 mg. The reduced growth and survival of fish fed the artificial diets cannot be attributed to a single nutritional deficiency.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1980)42[138:EODOSA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Beck, A., and Poston, H.A., 1980, Effects of diet on survival and growth of the Atlantic silverside: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 42, no. 3, p. 138-143, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1980)42[138:EODOSA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"138","endPage":"143","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132299,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db615ff2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beck, A.D.","contributorId":74716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poston, Hugh A.","contributorId":12535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poston","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70000701,"text":"70000701 - 1980 - The asiatic clam, Corbicula fluminea (Müller), in the tidal Potomac River, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-12T16:07:17","indexId":"70000701","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:28","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The asiatic clam, Corbicula fluminea (Müller), in the tidal Potomac River, Maryland","docAbstract":"The Asiatic clam,Corbicula fluminea (Müller), has extended its range to include the tidal fresh-water portion of the Potomac River, Maryland. Though patchily distributed, the clams have attained densities of 665 m−2. Size-class distributions indicate that the clams first appeared in 1975. About 90% of the population belong to year-class I and were less than 12 mm in length. Elsewhere, this species has created severe water quality problems; it should be closely watched in the Potomac.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1351560","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Dresler, P.V., and Cory, R.L., 1980, The asiatic clam, Corbicula fluminea (Müller), in the tidal Potomac River, Maryland: Estuaries, v. 3, no. 2, p. 150-151, https://doi.org/10.2307/1351560.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"150","endPage":"151","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db6697c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dresler, Paul V.","contributorId":48600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dresler","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cory, Robert L.","contributorId":77967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cory","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70000704,"text":"70000704 - 1980 - Oxygen isotopic determinations of sequentially erupted plagioclases in the 1974 magma of Fuego Volcano, Guatemala","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000704","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:28","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1093,"text":"Bulletin Volcanologique","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxygen isotopic determinations of sequentially erupted plagioclases in the 1974 magma of Fuego Volcano, Guatemala","docAbstract":"Plagioclases in the 1974 high-Al basalt from Fuego Volcano have ??O18 values of +6.0 to +8.5 per mil. Meteoric water cannot have played a significant role in Fuego's magma. Large, weakly zone clear phenocrysts had ??O18 values in the accepted mantle range, while patchyzoned and oscillatory-zoned plagioclases inferred to have formed later and shallower levels have slightly heavier oxygen isotopic ratios. ?? 1980 Intern. Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin Volcanologique","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02597620","issn":"0366483X","usgsCitation":"Rose, W., Friedman, I., and Woodruff, L.G., 1980, Oxygen isotopic determinations of sequentially erupted plagioclases in the 1974 magma of Fuego Volcano, Guatemala: Bulletin Volcanologique, v. 43, no. 1, p. 191-194, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02597620.","startPage":"191","endPage":"194","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":19004,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02597620"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a008","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, W.I. Jr.","contributorId":25275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"W.I.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, I.","contributorId":95596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodruff, L. G.","contributorId":46999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98559,"text":"wri80689 - 1980 - Storm runoff as related to urbanization in the Portland, Oregon-Vancouver, Washington Area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-17T19:46:01.011552","indexId":"wri80689","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-689","title":"Storm runoff as related to urbanization in the Portland, Oregon-Vancouver, Washington Area","docAbstract":"A series of equations was developed to provide a better method of determining flood frequencies in the Portland-Vancouver urban area than is now available. The resulting regression equations can be used to compute peak discharge and storm runoff with a standard error of estimate of approximately 30 percent. Basins used to define the regression equations ranged in size from 0.2 to 26 square miles. Those physical basin parameters that proved to be significant are: drainage area, effective impervious area, storage, rainfall intensity, basin slope, and soil infiltration. The equations indicate that total urbanization of an undeveloped basin can increase peak discharge as much as 3? times and almost double the volume of storm runoff.\n\nImpervious area, as delineated by mapping techniques, proved to be an inadequate physical parameter for use in the regression equations because builders and planners have devised many methods of routing storm runoff from impervious areas to the main channel (in effect, speeding up or slowing down the response to the storm). In some parts of the study area, storm runoff was diverted into dry wells and never entered the main channel. To define the effect of this rerouting, the digital model was used to find an effective impervious area that would 'best fit' the rainfall-runoff data. Field estimates to verify the effectiveness of the impervious area for two of the basins showed that optimizations were within 20 percent of those shown by the digital model.\n\nUsers of these data who may find the effective impervious area a difficult, expensive, and time-consuming parameter to obtain have an alternative. The combination of land-use type I (parks, forests, and vacant lots) and Type II (agriculture) proved to be an excellent inverse indicator of impervious area. Land-use types I and II, coupled with the street-gutter density, an indication of effective routing, provide the user with alternative indices of urbanization.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri80689","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Portland, Multnomah County, Oregon, Clark County, Washington and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Laenen, A., 1980, Storm runoff as related to urbanization in the Portland, Oregon-Vancouver, Washington Area (WRI/OFR): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-689, Report: viii, 62 p.; 1 Plate: 36.00 x 40.19 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri80689.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 62 p.; 1 Plate: 36.00 x 40.19 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116034,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_80_689.jpg"},{"id":414348,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri80-689/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13956,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri80-689/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"English","state":"Oregon, Washington","city":"Portland, Vancouver","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.25,\n 45.75\n ],\n [\n -122.25,\n 45.333\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 45.333\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 45.75\n ],\n [\n -122.25,\n 45.75\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"WRI/OFR","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b30e4b07f02db6b407f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laenen, Antonius","contributorId":107673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laenen","given":"Antonius","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224562,"text":"5224562 - 1980 - The eightieth Audubon Christmas bird count. 391. Ocean City, Md","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:03","indexId":"5224562","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:33","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":708,"text":"American Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The eightieth Audubon Christmas bird count. 391. Ocean City, Md","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1980, The eightieth Audubon Christmas bird count. 391. Ocean City, Md: American Birds, v. 34, no. 4.","productDescription":"445","startPage":"445","numberOfPages":"445","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dda3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222597,"text":"5222597 - 1980 - South Louisiana crude oil and DDE in the diet of mallard hens: Effects on reproduction and duckling survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-01T00:29:27.472113","indexId":"5222597","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:33","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"South Louisiana crude oil and DDE in the diet of mallard hens: Effects on reproduction and duckling survival","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01985480","usgsCitation":"Vangilder, L., and Peterle, T., 1980, South Louisiana crude oil and DDE in the diet of mallard hens: Effects on reproduction and duckling survival: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 25, no. 1, p. 23-28, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01985480.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"28","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199731,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7446","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vangilder, L.D.","contributorId":100964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vangilder","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterle, T.J.","contributorId":10108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterle","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221711,"text":"5221711 - 1980 - Ethology and management of captive sandhill cranes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:53","indexId":"5221711","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:33","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":704,"text":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, Annual Proceedings","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ethology and management of captive sandhill cranes","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, Annual Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Derrickson, S., and Carpenter, J.W., 1980, Ethology and management of captive sandhill cranes: American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, Annual Proceedings, v. 1980, p. 76-81.","productDescription":"76-81","startPage":"76","endPage":"81","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1980","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fb13a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Derrickson, S.R.","contributorId":28927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derrickson","given":"S.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carpenter, J. W.","contributorId":81854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221612,"text":"5221612 - 1980 - [Book review] Endangered Birds: Management techniques for preserving threatened species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-16T10:35:17","indexId":"5221612","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:33","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] Endangered Birds: Management techniques for preserving threatened species","docAbstract":"This volume contains the proceedings of a symposium held at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, during 17-20 August 1977. In the words of the book's editor, Stanley Temple, the symposium \"offered a unique opportunity for leading scientists from around the world to meet and share their experiences with endangered birds.\" That this objective was achieved is indicated by a list of contributors standing as a \"Who's Who\" in endangered species research and management. This symposium was jointly sponsored by the International Council for Bird Preservation, World Wildlife Fund, National Audubon Society, New York Zoological Society, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Fifty-one papers by 53 contributors are listed under 10 topics: endangered bird problems and the concept of managing threatened species; increasing reproductive effort and success by reducing nest-site limitations; alleviating problems of competition, predation, parasitism, and disease; supplemental feeding and manipulation of feeding ecology; manipulating aspects of nesting biology; captive breeding of endangered birds; genetic aspects of managing dwindling populations; reintroducing endangered birds to the wild; integrated approaches to management of endangered birds; and summary. A 14-page index provides convenient reference to subjects in the text.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Erickson, R., 1980, [Book review] Endangered Birds: Management techniques for preserving threatened species: The Auk, v. 97, no. 1, p. 209-209.","productDescription":"209","startPage":"209","endPage":"209","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18521,"rank":300,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4085829 "}],"volume":"97","issue":"1","publicComments":"A review of: Endangered birds: Management techniques for preserving threatened species. S. A. Temple (Ed.). 1977. Madison, University of Wisconsin Press. xxiv + 466 pp. 31 black-and-white pho tographic plates, 47 tables, 17 figures, and 6 maps.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67acfe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erickson, R.C.","contributorId":22032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224796,"text":"5224796 - 1980 - Application of miniroutes to bird population studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:06","indexId":"5224796","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:33","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2687,"text":"Maryland Birdlife","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of miniroutes to bird population studies","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Maryland Birdlife","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Bystrak, D., 1980, Application of miniroutes to bird population studies: Maryland Birdlife, v. 36, p. 131-138.","productDescription":"131-138","startPage":"131","endPage":"138","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197739,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a905","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bystrak, D.","contributorId":58220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bystrak","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5221561,"text":"5221561 - 1980 - Letter to the editor: Correction to Hawaii creeper article by Sakai and Ralph","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-12T18:26:06","indexId":"5221561","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:33","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":601,"text":"'Elepaio","printIssn":"0013-6069","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Letter to the editor: Correction to Hawaii creeper article by Sakai and Ralph","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
Thirty-three ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) that were found dead or moribund in the Eastern United States between 1964 and 1973 were necropsied. The brains and carcasses of 26 of these birds were analyzed for organochlorines. The livers of 18 and the kidneys of 7 were analyzed for selected metals. Most adults were recovered in April and May and most immatures were recovered in August through October. The adult sex ratio was highly unbalanced in favor of females. Major causes of mortality were impact injuries, emaciation, shooting, and respiratory infections. Of special interest were two birds with malignant tumors and one with steatitis. Many birds had undergone marked weight losses resulting in mobilization and redistribution of organochlorine residues. Organochlorines were detected in the birds at the following percentages: DDE 100%, PCB 96%, DDD 92%, dieldrin 88%, chlordanes (including nonachlors) 82%, DDT 65%, and heptachlor expoxide 38%. Organochlorine levels tended to be higher in adults than in immatures. One adult from South Carolina had a potentially dangerous level of dieldrin in its brain, which might have contributed to its death. Immature ospreys from Maryland had extremely elevated levels of copper in their livers compared with immatures from other areas and all adults. One immature from Maryland had an elevated level of arsenic in its liver, which might have contributed to its death. One adult from Florida that had died of impact injuries had potentially dangerous levels of mercury in both liver and kidney and slightly elevated levels of cadmium in these tissues. Additional birds appeared to have been exposed to contamination of the environment by arsenic and mercury. The levels of chromium, zinc, and lead in livers appeared normal.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1352065","usgsCitation":"Wiemeyer, S.N., Lamont, T.G., and Locke, L.N., 1980, Residues of environmental pollutants and necropsy data for eastern United States ospreys, 1964-1973: Estuaries, v. 3, no. 3, p. 155-167, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352065.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"167","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193346,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01608173","usgsCitation":"Zinkl, J., Roberts, R., Henny, C.J., and Lenhart, D., 1980, Inhibition of brain cholinesterase activity in forest birds and squirrels exposed to aerially applied acephate: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 24, no. 5, p. 676-683, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01608173.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"676","endPage":"683","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196916,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee426","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zinkl, J.G.","contributorId":92774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zinkl","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberts, R.B.","contributorId":34617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lenhart, D.J.","contributorId":25261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenhart","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5221551,"text":"5221551 - 1980 - Estimating the size and trend of the California condor population, 1965-1978","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:46","indexId":"5221551","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:33","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1153,"text":"California Fish and Game","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating the size and trend of the California condor population, 1965-1978","docAbstract":"During 1965-1978, three principal methods were used to measure the size and trend of the California Condor (Gymnogyps californianus) population. An October survey conducted by as many as 136 observers had limited value because daily activity patterns of condors were unpredictable and because analysis of results could not be standardized. Evaluation of 4,381 condor observations by cooperators, and results of comparative surveys done in 1970-1971 and 1977-1978 show declines in numbers of condor sightings, numbers of condors per sighting, and in the numbers of sightings including more than one immature-plumaged bird. The data cannot be evaluated statistically, but they suggest a marked decline in the condor population between 1965 and 1978. 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1980 - The Least Bell's vireo in Baja California, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:12","indexId":"5224746","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:33","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3743,"text":"Western Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Least Bell's vireo in Baja California, Mexico","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Wilbur, S., 1980, The Least Bell's vireo in Baja California, Mexico: Western Birds, v. 11, no. 3, p. 129-133.","productDescription":"129-133","startPage":"129","endPage":"133","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":18520,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/wb/v11n03/p0129-p0134.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":196099,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bc40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilbur, S.R.","contributorId":53908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilbur","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224745,"text":"5224745 - 1980 - The California condor in Baja California, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:12","indexId":"5224745","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:33","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":708,"text":"American Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The California condor in Baja California, Mexico","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Wilbur, S., and Kiff, L., 1980, The California condor in Baja California, Mexico: American Birds, v. 34, no. 6, p. 856-859.","productDescription":"856-859","startPage":"856","endPage":"859","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad2e4b07f02db681bb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilbur, S.R.","contributorId":53908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilbur","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kiff, L.F.","contributorId":29527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiff","given":"L.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221556,"text":"5221556 - 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Spent shot accumulates in the marsh during the rail hunting sea- son, and some shot is ingested by the birds. Twelve percent of gizzards from rails collected at the marsh during 1965- 73 contained lead shot (Artmann and Martin 1975). Effects of ingested lead on waterfowl are well documented (Bellrose 1959), although effects on other species of wild birds are not well known. In this note we report lead residues in liver and bone tissues of sora rails collected at the Patuxent River marshes in 1976.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3807994","usgsCitation":"Stendell, R.C., Artmann, J.W., and Martin, E., 1980, Lead residues in sora rails from Maryland: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 44, no. 2, p. 525-527, https://doi.org/10.2307/3807994.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"525","endPage":"527","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196984,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8698","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stendell, Rey C.","contributorId":8913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stendell","given":"Rey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Artmann, Joseph W.","contributorId":58324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Artmann","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, Elwood","contributorId":13295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Elwood","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5223434,"text":"5223434 - 1980 - The eightieth Audubon Christmas bird count. 420. Little Creek, Va","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:37","indexId":"5223434","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:31","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":708,"text":"American Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The eightieth Audubon Christmas bird count. 420. Little Creek, Va","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Sykes, P., 1980, The eightieth Audubon Christmas bird count. 420. Little Creek, Va: American Birds, v. 34, no. 4, p. 453-454.","productDescription":"453-454","startPage":"453","endPage":"454","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dd87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sykes, P.W. Jr.","contributorId":107385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sykes","given":"P.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}