{"pageNumber":"552","pageRowStart":"13775","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46677,"records":[{"id":70118560,"text":"70118560 - 2013 - Hydration free energies of cyanide and hydroxide ions from molecular dynamics simulations with accurate force fields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T11:46:54","indexId":"70118560","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-14T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3058,"text":"Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydration free energies of cyanide and hydroxide ions from molecular dynamics simulations with accurate force fields","docAbstract":"The evaluation of hydration free energies is a sensitive test to assess force fields used in atomistic simulations. We showed recently that the vibrational relaxation times, 1D- and 2D-infrared spectroscopies for CN(-) in water can be quantitatively described from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with multipolar force fields and slightly enlarged van der Waals radii for the C- and N-atoms. To validate such an approach, the present work investigates the solvation free energy of cyanide in water using MD simulations with accurate multipolar electrostatics. It is found that larger van der Waals radii are indeed necessary to obtain results close to the experimental values when a multipolar force field is used. For CN(-), the van der Waals ranges refined in our previous work yield hydration free energy between -72.0 and -77.2 kcal mol(-1), which is in excellent agreement with the experimental data. In addition to the cyanide ion, we also study the hydroxide ion to show that the method used here is readily applicable to similar systems. Hydration free energies are found to sensitively depend on the intermolecular interactions, while bonded interactions are less important, as expected. We also investigate in the present work the possibility of applying the multipolar force field in scoring trajectories generated using computationally inexpensive methods, which should be useful in broader parametrization studies with reduced computational resources, as scoring is much faster than the generation of the trajectories.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry","publisherLocation":"Cambridge","doi":"10.1039/c3cp52713a","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., and Meuwly, M., 2013, Hydration free energies of cyanide and hydroxide ions from molecular dynamics simulations with accurate force fields: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, v. 15, no. 46, p. 20303-20312, https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cp52713a.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"20303","endPage":"20312","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291295,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291294,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cp52713a"}],"volume":"15","issue":"46","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f1e7e4b0bc0bec0a008c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W.","contributorId":84358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meuwly, M.","contributorId":79030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meuwly","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70058743,"text":"70058743 - 2013 - Functional diversity supports the physiological tolerance hypothesis for plant species richness along climatic gradients","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-24T10:53:43","indexId":"70058743","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-12T13:42:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Functional diversity supports the physiological tolerance hypothesis for plant species richness along climatic gradients","docAbstract":"1.  The physiological tolerance hypothesis proposes that plant species richness is highest in warm and/or wet climates because a wider range of functional strategies can persist under such conditions. Functional diversity metrics, combined with statistical modeling, offer new ways to test whether diversity-environment relationships are consistent with this hypothesis.\n\n2.  In a classic study by R. H. Whittaker (1960), herb species richness declined from mesic (cool, moist, northerly) slopes to xeric (hot, dry, southerly) slopes. Building on this dataset, we measured four plant functional traits (plant height, specific leaf area, leaf water content and foliar C:N) and used them to calculate three functional diversity metrics (functional richness, evenness, and dispersion). We then used a structural equation model to ask if ‘functional diversity’ (modeled as the joint responses of richness, evenness, and dispersion) could explain the observed relationship of topographic climate gradients to species richness. We then repeated our model examining the functional diversity of each of the four traits individually.\n\n3.  Consistent with the physiological tolerance hypothesis, we found that functional diversity was higher in more favorable climatic conditions (mesic slopes), and that multivariate functional diversity mediated the relationship of the topographic climate gradient to plant species richness. We found similar patterns for models focusing on individual trait functional diversity of leaf water content and foliar C:N.\n\n4.  Synthesis. Our results provide trait-based support for the physiological tolerance hypothesis, suggesting that benign climates support more species because they allow for a wider range of functional strategies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.12204","usgsCitation":"Spasojevic, M.J., Grace, J.B., Harrison, S., and Damschen, E.I., 2013, Functional diversity supports the physiological tolerance hypothesis for plant species richness along climatic gradients: Journal of Ecology, v. 102, no. 2, p. 447-455, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12204.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"447","endPage":"455","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-052487","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473401,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12204","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":280300,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280290,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2745.12204/pdf"},{"id":280289,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12204"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Siskiyou Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.1625,41.0073 ], [ -123.1625,42.2873 ], [ -121.8825,42.2873 ], [ -121.8825,41.0073 ], [ -123.1625,41.0073 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"102","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5a5ae4b0b290850f94b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spasojevic, Marko J.","contributorId":66582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spasojevic","given":"Marko","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harrison, Susan","contributorId":85707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"Susan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Damschen, Ellen Ingman","contributorId":6177,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Damschen","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"Ingman","affiliations":[{"id":16916,"text":"Dept. of Zoology, University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":487331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70058665,"text":"70058665 - 2013 - Distribution and movement of Big Spring spinedace (<i>Lepidomeda mollispinis pratensis</i>) in Condor Canyon, Meadow Valley Wash, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-12T09:35:47","indexId":"70058665","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-12T09:31:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and movement of Big Spring spinedace (<i>Lepidomeda mollispinis pratensis</i>) in Condor Canyon, Meadow Valley Wash, Nevada","docAbstract":"Big Spring spinedace (Lepidomeda mollispinis pratensis) is a cyprinid whose entire population occurs within a section of Meadow Valley Wash, Nevada. Other spinedace species have suffered population and range declines (one species is extinct). Managers, concerned about the vulnerability of Big Spring spinedace, have considered habitat restoration actions or translocation, but they have lacked data on distribution or habitat use. Our study occurred in an 8.2-km section of Meadow Valley Wash, including about 7.2 km in Condor Canyon and 0.8 km upstream of the canyon. Big Spring spinedace were present upstream of the currently listed critical habitat, including in the tributary Kill Wash. We found no Big Spring spinedace in the lower 3.3 km of Condor Canyon. We tagged Big Spring spinedace ≥70 mm fork length (range 70–103 mm) with passive integrated transponder tags during October 2008 (n = 100) and March 2009 (n = 103) to document movement. At least 47 of these individuals moved from their release location (up to 2 km). Thirty-nine individuals moved to Kill Wash or the confluence area with Meadow Valley Wash. Ninety-three percent of movement occurred in spring 2009. Fish moved both upstream and downstream. We found no movement downstream over a small waterfall at river km 7.9 and recorded only one fish that moved downstream over Delmue Falls (a 12-m drop) at river km 6.1. At the time of tagging, there was no significant difference in fork length or condition between Big Spring Spinedace that were later detected moving and those not detected moving. We found no significant difference in fork length or condition at time of tagging of Big Spring spinedace ≥70 mm fork length that were detected moving and those not detected moving. Kill Wash and its confluence area appeared important to Big Spring spinedace; connectivity with these areas may be key to species persistence. These areas may provide a habitat template for restoration or translocation. The lower 3.3 km of Meadow Valley Wash in Condor Canyon may be a good candidate section for habitat restoration actions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western North American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum","doi":"10.3398/064.073.0306","usgsCitation":"Jezorek, I.G., and Connolly, P., 2013, Distribution and movement of Big Spring spinedace (<i>Lepidomeda mollispinis pratensis</i>) in Condor Canyon, Meadow Valley Wash, Nevada: Western North American Naturalist, v. 3, no. 73, p. 323-336, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.073.0306.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"323","endPage":"336","numberOfPages":"15","ipdsId":"IP-039385","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol73/iss3/5","text":"External Repository"},{"id":280264,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280249,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3398/064.073.0306"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Meadow Valley Wash","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.5207027,37.6147178 ], [ -114.5207027,37.6196828 ], [ -114.5105221,37.6196828 ], [ -114.5105221,37.6147178 ], [ -114.5207027,37.6147178 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3","issue":"73","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52aadadee4b078ad3e40e334","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jezorek, Ian G. 0000-0002-3842-3485 ijezorek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3842-3485","contributorId":3572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jezorek","given":"Ian","email":"ijezorek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connolly, Patrick J. 0000-0001-7365-7618 pconnolly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7365-7618","contributorId":2920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"Patrick J.","email":"pconnolly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70055515,"text":"cir1392 - 2013 - Land subsidence and relative sea-level rise in the southern Chesapeake Bay region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-10T08:56:18","indexId":"cir1392","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-09T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1392","title":"Land subsidence and relative sea-level rise in the southern Chesapeake Bay region","docAbstract":"<p>The southern Chesapeake Bay region is experiencing land subsidence and rising water levels due to global sea-level rise; land subsidence and rising water levels combine to cause relative sea-level rise. Land subsidence has been observed since the 1940s in the southern Chesapeake Bay region at rates of 1.1 to 4.8 millimeters per year (mm/yr), and subsidence continues today.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>This land subsidence helps explain why the region has the highest rates of sea-level rise on the Atlantic Coast of the United States. Data indicate that land subsidence has been responsible for more than half the relative sea-level rise measured in the region. Land subsidence increases the risk of flooding in low-lying areas, which in turn has important economic, environmental, and human health consequences for the heavily populated and ecologically important southern Chesapeake Bay region.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The aquifer system in the region has been compacted by extensive groundwater pumping in the region at rates of 1.5- to 3.7-mm/yr; this compaction accounts for more than half of observed land subsidence in the region. Glacial isostatic adjustment, or the flexing of the Earth’s crust in response to glacier formation and melting, also likely contributes to land subsidence in the region.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1392","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Hampton Roads Planning District Commission","usgsCitation":"Eggleston, J., and Pope, J., 2013, Land subsidence and relative sea-level rise in the southern Chesapeake Bay region: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1392, iv, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1392.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"32","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044324","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280235,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir1392.jpg"},{"id":280224,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1392/"},{"id":280225,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1392/pdf/circ1392.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.2446,36.5538 ], [ -78.2446,38.6555 ], [ -75.7947,38.6555 ], [ -75.7947,36.5538 ], [ -78.2446,36.5538 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd639fe4b0b290850feecd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eggleston, Jack","contributorId":46648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eggleston","given":"Jack","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pope, Jason","contributorId":61326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Jason","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70048911,"text":"sir20135198 - 2013 - Circulation, mixing, and transport in nearshore Lake Erie in the vicinity of Villa Angela Beach and Euclid Creek, Cleveland, Ohio, September 11-12, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-09T13:00:49","indexId":"sir20135198","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-09T12:38:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5198","title":"Circulation, mixing, and transport in nearshore Lake Erie in the vicinity of Villa Angela Beach and Euclid Creek, Cleveland, Ohio, September 11-12, 2012","docAbstract":"Villa Angela Beach, on the Lake Erie lakeshore near Cleveland, Ohio, is adjacent to the mouth of Euclid Creek, a small, flashy stream draining approximately 23 square miles and susceptible to periodic contamination from combined sewer overflows (CSOs) (97 and 163 CSO events in 2010 and 2011, respectively). Concerns over high concentrations of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in water samples taken along this beach and frequent beach closures led to the collection of synoptic data in the nearshore area in an attempt to gain insights into mixing processes, circulation, and the potential for transport of bacteria and other CSO-related pollutants from various sources in Euclid Creek and along the lakefront. An integrated synoptic survey was completed by the U.S. Geological Survey on September 11–12, 2012, during low-flow conditions on Euclid Creek, which followed rain-induced high flows in the creek on September 8–9, 2012. Data-collection methods included deployment of an autonomous underwater vehicle and use of a manned boat equipped with an acoustic Doppler current profiler. Spatial distributions of water-quality measures and nearshore currents indicated that the mixing zone encompassing the mouth of Euclid Creek and Villa Angela Beach is dynamic and highly variable in extent, but can exhibit a large zone of recirculation that can, at times, be decoupled from local wind forcing. Observed circulation patterns during September 2012 indicated that pollutants from CSOs in Euclid Creek and water discharged from three shoreline CSO points within 2,000 feet of the beach could be trapped along Villa Angela Beach by interaction of nearshore currents and shoreline structures. In spite of observed coastal downwelling, denser water from Euclid Creek is shown to mix to the surface via offshore turbulent structures that span the full depth of flow. While the southwesterly longshore currents driving the recirculation pattern along the beach front were observed during the 2011–12 synoptic surveys, longshore currents with a southwesterly component capable of establishing the recirculation only occurred about 30 percent of the time from June 7 to October 6, 2012, based on continuous velocity data collected near Villa Angela Beach.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135198","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District","usgsCitation":"Jackson, P., 2013, Circulation, mixing, and transport in nearshore Lake Erie in the vicinity of Villa Angela Beach and Euclid Creek, Cleveland, Ohio, September 11-12, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5198, viii, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135198.","productDescription":"viii, 34 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044195","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280233,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135198.jpg"},{"id":280231,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5198/pdf/sir2013-5198.pdf"},{"id":280232,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5198/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","city":"Cleveland","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.573486,41.580333 ], [ -81.573486,41.591166 ], [ -81.559474,41.591166 ], [ -81.559474,41.580333 ], [ -81.573486,41.580333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52a717d5e4b0de1a6d2d96ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, P. Ryan pjackson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"P. Ryan","email":"pjackson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70058539,"text":"70058539 - 2013 - Tensor-guided fitting of subduction slab depths","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-09T11:15:51","indexId":"70058539","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-09T11:06:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tensor-guided fitting of subduction slab depths","docAbstract":"Geophysical measurements are often acquired at scattered locations in space. Therefore, interpolating or fitting the sparsely sampled data as a uniform function of space (a procedure commonly known as gridding) is a ubiquitous problem in geophysics. Most gridding methods require a model of spatial correlation for data. This spatial correlation model can often be inferred from some sort of secondary information, which may also be sparsely sampled in space. In this paper, we present a new method to model the geometry of a subducting slab in which we use a data‐fitting approach to address the problem. Earthquakes and active‐source seismic surveys provide estimates of depths of subducting slabs but only at scattered locations. In addition to estimates of depths from earthquake locations, focal mechanisms of subduction zone earthquakes also provide estimates of the strikes of the subducting slab on which they occur. We use these spatially sparse strike samples and the Earth’s curved surface geometry to infer a model for spatial correlation that guides a blended neighbor interpolation of slab depths. We then modify the interpolation method to account for the uncertainties associated with the depth estimates.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120120333","usgsCitation":"Bazargani, F., and Hayes, G., 2013, Tensor-guided fitting of subduction slab depths: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 103, no. 5, p. 2657-2669, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120120333.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2657","endPage":"2669","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-046075","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280229,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280228,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120120333"}],"volume":"103","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52a717f4e4b0de1a6d2d96ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bazargani, Farhad","contributorId":12773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bazargani","given":"Farhad","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. 0000-0003-3323-0112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-0112","contributorId":6157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70048947,"text":"ofr20121008 - 2013 - The National assessment of shoreline shange—A GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the Pacific Northwest coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-06T11:44:39","indexId":"ofr20121008","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-09T08:55:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1008","title":"The National assessment of shoreline shange—A GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the Pacific Northwest coast","docAbstract":"Sandy ocean beaches are a popular recreational destination and are often surrounded by communities that consist of valuable real estate. Development along sandy coastal areas is increasing despite the fact that coastal infrastructure may be repeatedly subjected to flooding and erosion. As a result, the demand for accurate information regarding past and present shoreline changes is increasing. Investigators with the U.S. Geological Survey's National Assessment of Shoreline Change Project have compiled a comprehensive database of digital vector shorelines and rates of shoreline change for the Pacific Northwest coast including the states of Washington and Oregon. No widely accepted standard for analyzing shoreline change currently exists. Current measurement and methods for calculating rates of change vary from study to study, precluding the combination of study results into statewide or regional assessments. The impetus behind the national assessment was to develop a standardized method that is consistent from coast to coast for measuring changes in shoreline position. The goal was to facilitate the process of periodically and systematically updating the measurements in an internally consistent manner. A detailed report on shoreline change for the Pacific Northwest coast that contains a discussion of the data presented here is available and cited in the Geospatial Data section of this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121008","usgsCitation":"Kratzmann, M.G., Himmelstoss, E., Ruggiero, P., Thieler, E.R., and Reid, D., 2013, The National assessment of shoreline shange—A GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the Pacific Northwest coast: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1008, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121008.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-034231","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280216,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20121008.PNG"},{"id":280215,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1008/title_page.html"},{"id":280214,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1008/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon;Washington","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.7857,41.9918 ], [ -124.7857,49.0024 ], [ -116.9156,49.0024 ], [ -116.9156,41.9918 ], [ -124.7857,41.9918 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52a717f5e4b0de1a6d2d9703","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kratzmann, Meredith G. 0000-0002-2513-2144 mkratzmann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2513-2144","contributorId":4950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kratzmann","given":"Meredith","email":"mkratzmann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Himmelstoss, Emily A.","contributorId":24736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Himmelstoss","given":"Emily A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruggiero, Peter","contributorId":15709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruggiero","given":"Peter","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":485833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thieler, E. Robert 0000-0003-4311-9717 rthieler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":2488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.","email":"rthieler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reid, David","contributorId":63888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70056154,"text":"ofr20121007 - 2013 - National assessment of shoreline change: historical shoreline change along the Pacific Northwest coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-06T11:40:13","indexId":"ofr20121007","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-09T08:55:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1007","title":"National assessment of shoreline change: historical shoreline change along the Pacific Northwest coast","docAbstract":"<p>Beach erosion is a chronic problem along most open ocean shores of the United States. As coastal populations continue to increase and infrastructure is threatened by erosion, there is increased demand for accurate information regarding past and present trends and rates of shoreline movement. There is also a need for a comprehensive analysis of shoreline movement that is consistent from one coastal region to another. To meet these national needs, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is conducting an analysis of historical shoreline changes along the open-ocean sandy shores of the conterminous United States and parts of Hawaii, Alaska, and the Great Lakes. One purpose of this work is to develop standard, repeatable methods for mapping and analyzing shoreline movement so that periodic, systematic, and internally consistent updates regarding coastal erosion and land loss can be made nationally. In the case of the analysis of shoreline change in the Pacific Northwest (PNW), the shoreline is the interpreted boundary between the ocean water surface and the sandy beach.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>This report on the PNW coasts of Oregon and Washington is the seventh in a series of regionally focused reports on historical shoreline change. Previous investigations include analyses and descriptive reports of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico (Morton and others, 2004), the southeastern Atlantic (Morton and Miller, 2005), the sandy shorelines (Hapke and others, 2006) and coastal cliffs (Hapke and Reid, 2007) of California, the New England and mid-Atlantic coasts (Hapke and others, 2011), and parts of the Hawaii coast (Fletcher and others, 2012). Like the earlier reports in this series, this report summarizes the methods of analysis, interprets the results of the analysis, provides explanations regarding long- and short-term trends and rates of shoreline change, and describes how different coastal communities are responding to coastal erosion. This report differs from the early USGS reports in the series in that those shoreline change analyses incorporated only four total shorelines to represent specific time periods. This assessment of the PNW incorporates all available shorelines that meet minimum quality standards for resolution and positional accuracy. Shoreline change evaluations are based on a comparison of historical shoreline positions digitized from maps or aerial photographic data sources with recent shorelines, at least one of which is derived from lidar surveys. The historical shorelines cover a variety of time periods ranging from the 1800s through the 1980s, whereas the lidar shoreline is from 2002. Long-term rates of change are calculated using all available shoreline data and short-term rates of change are calculated using the lidar shoreline and the historical shoreline that will produce an assessment for a 15- to 35-year period. The rates of change presented in this report represent conditions up to the date of only the most recent shoreline data and therefore are not intended for predicting future shoreline positions or rates of change.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The PNW coast was subdivided into eight analysis regions for the purpose of graphically reporting regional trends in shoreline change rates. The average rate of long-term shoreline change for the entire PNW coast was 0.9 meter per year (m/yr) of progradation with an uncertainty of 0.07 m/yr. This rate is based on 8,823 individual transects, of which 36 percent was determined to be eroding. Long-term shoreline change was generally more progradational in Washington than in Oregon. This is primarily due to the influence of the Columbia River and human perturbations to the natural system, particularly the construction of jetties at both the mouth of the Columbia River and at Grays Harbor, Washington. The majority of the beaches in southwestern Washington have responded to these large-scale engineered structures by experiencing dramatic beach progradation during the past century. Although these beaches are still responding to the human effects, in several locations beaches that had been rapidly prograding are now either prograding at a slower rate or eroding.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The average rate of short-term shoreline change in the PNW was also progradational at a rate of 0.9 m/yr with an uncertainty of 0.03 m/yr. This rate is based on 9,087 individual transects, of which 44 percent was determined to be eroding. Similar to the results of the long-term shoreline change analysis, the shorelines in Washington were typically more progradational than those in Oregon in the short term. However, many stretches of coast in Oregon are either less accretional, changed from accretional to erosional, or more erosional when comparing the long- and short-term rate calculations. In the long and short term, there are significantly different historical shoreline change trends for beaches deriving their modern sediments from the Columbia River in southwestern Washington and northwestern Oregon, and beaches elsewhere in the PNW. The majority of shorelines in Oregon and in Washington’s Olympic Peninsula are not influenced by the human effects to the Columbia River littoral cell and typically have not experienced the human-induced century-scale trends apparent in southwestern Washington and northwestern Oregon.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>An increase in erosion hazards in much of Oregon may be related to the effects of sea-level rise and increasing storm wave heights. Of importance, particularly in the short term, is the alongshore variability in land uplift rates due to tectonics, which results in an alongshore varying rate of relative sea level rise that appears to at least partially control the regional variability in short-term shoreline change rates. Other climate related processes, such as the occurrence of major El Niño events, also significantly affect the shoreline changes in the region. Major El Niño events elevate monthly mean sea levels by tens of centimeters throughout the winter and produce a shift in the storm tracks, resulting in alongshore redistributions in sand volumes on the beaches, leading to hotspot beach erosion and property losses north of headlands and tidal inlets to bays and estuaries. There are limited modern-day sources of sand to Oregon’s beaches, with much of the sand being relict in having arrived thousands of years ago at a time of lowered sea levels when headlands did not prevent the alongshore movement of the beach sediments, the result being that many beaches today are deficient in sand volumes and therefore do not provide sufficient buffer protection to backshore properties during winter storms.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121007","usgsCitation":"Ruggerio, P., Kratzmann, M., Himmelstoss, E., Reid, D., Allan, J., and Kaminsky, G., 2013, National assessment of shoreline change: historical shoreline change along the Pacific Northwest coast: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1007, xi, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121007.","productDescription":"xi, 61 p.","numberOfPages":"76","ipdsId":"IP-034232","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280213,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20121007.jpg"},{"id":280211,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1007/"},{"id":280212,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1007/pdf/ofr2012-1007.pdf"}],"scale":"70000","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Oregon;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River;Olympic Peninsula;Pacific Northwest","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125.97,41.87 ], [ -125.97,48.65 ], [ -121.2,48.65 ], [ -121.2,41.87 ], [ -125.97,41.87 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52a717f3e4b0de1a6d2d96f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruggerio, Peter","contributorId":67403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruggerio","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kratzmann, Meredith G.","contributorId":11565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kratzmann","given":"Meredith G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Himmelstoss, Emily A.","contributorId":24736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Himmelstoss","given":"Emily A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reid, David","contributorId":63888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allan, Jonathan","contributorId":46847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allan","given":"Jonathan","affiliations":[{"id":7198,"text":"Oregon Department Geology and Mineral Industries","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":486355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kaminsky, George","contributorId":60262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaminsky","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70058444,"text":"ofr20131286 - 2013 - Satellite images of the September 2013 flood event in Lyons, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-06T16:31:44","indexId":"ofr20131286","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-06T15:46:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1286","title":"Satellite images of the September 2013 flood event in Lyons, Colorado","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Special Applications Science Center (SASC) produced an image base map showing high-resolution remotely sensed data over Lyons, Colorado—a city that was severely affected by the flood event that occurred throughout much of the Colorado Front Range in September of 2013. The 0.5-meter WorldView-2 data products were created from imagery collected by DigitalGlobe on September 13 and September 24, 2013, during and following the flood event.\n\nThe images shown on this map were created to support flood response efforts, specifically for use in determining damage assessment and mitigation decisions. The raw, unprocessed imagery were orthorectified and pan-sharpened to enhance mapping accuracy and spatial resolution, and reproduced onto a cartographic base map. These maps are intended to provide a snapshot representation of post-flood ground conditions, which may be useful to decisionmakers and the general public.\n\nThe SASC also provided data processing and analysis support for other Colorado flood-affected areas by creating cartographic products, geo-corrected electro-optical and radar image mosaics, and GIS water cover files for use by the Colorado National Guard, the National Park Service, the U.S. Forest Service, and the flood response community. All products for this International Charter event were uploaded to the USGS Hazards Data Distribution System (HDDS) website (http://hdds.usgs.gov/hdds2/) for distribution.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131286","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Cole, C.J., Friesen, B.A., Wilds, S., Noble, S., Warner, H., and Wilson, E.M., 2013, Satellite images of the September 2013 flood event in Lyons, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1286, Report: 40.01 x 20.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131286.","productDescription":"Report: 40.01 x 20.00 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051862","costCenters":[{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280222,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131286.jpg"},{"id":280220,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1286/"},{"id":280221,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1286/pdf/of2013-1286.pdf"}],"scale":"1000000","projection":"UTM Projection","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Lyons","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.283333,40.208333 ], [ -105.283333,40.233333 ], [ -105.25,40.233333 ], [ -105.25,40.208333 ], [ -105.283333,40.208333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52a6406fe4b0a6d69588265c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, Christopher J. cjcole@usgs.gov","contributorId":2163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Christopher","email":"cjcole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friesen, Beverly A. bafriesen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friesen","given":"Beverly","email":"bafriesen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilds, Stanley","contributorId":99877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilds","given":"Stanley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noble, Suzanne","contributorId":83438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"Suzanne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Warner, Harumi hwarner@usgs.gov","contributorId":2881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"Harumi","email":"hwarner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5047,"text":"NGTOC Denver","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wilson, Earl M. emwilson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Earl","email":"emwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70058474,"text":"ofr20131246 - 2013 - Geomorphic and vegetation processes of the Willamette River floodplain, Oregon: current understanding and unanswered science questions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-24T15:36:58","indexId":"ofr20131246","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-06T09:29:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1246","title":"Geomorphic and vegetation processes of the Willamette River floodplain, Oregon: current understanding and unanswered science questions","docAbstract":"<p>This report summarizes the current understanding of floodplain processes and landforms for the Willamette River and its major tributaries. The area of focus encompasses the main stem Willamette River above Newberg and the portions of the Coast Fork Willamette, Middle Fork Willamette, McKenzie, and North, South and main stem Santiam Rivers downstream of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dams. These reaches constitute a large portion of the alluvial, salmon-bearing rivers in the Willamette Basin.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The geomorphic, or historical, floodplain of these rivers has two zones - the active channel where coarse sediment is mobilized and transported during annual flooding and overbank areas where fine sediment is deposited during higher magnitude floods. Historically, characteristics of the rivers and geomorphic floodplain (including longitudinal patterns in channel complexity and the abundance of side channels, islands and gravel bars) were controlled by the interactions between floods and the transport of coarse sediment and large wood. Local channel responses to these interactions were then shaped by geologic features like bedrock outcrops and variations in channel slope.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Over the last 150 years, floods and the transport of coarse sediment and large wood have been substantially reduced in the basin. With dam regulation, nearly all peak flows are now confined to the main channels. Large floods (greater than 10-year recurrence interval prior to basinwide flow regulation) have been largely eliminated. Also, the magnitude and frequency of small floods (events that formerly recurred every 2–10 years) have decreased substantially. The large dams trap an estimated 50–60 percent of bed-material sediment—the building block of active channel habitats—that historically entered the Willamette River. They also trap more than 80 percent of the estimated bed material in the lower South Santiam River and Middle and Coast Forks of the Willamette River. Downstream, revetments further decrease bed-material supply by an unknown amount because they limit bank erosion and entrainment of stored sediment.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The rivers, geomorphic floodplain, and vegetation within the study area have changed noticeably in response to the alterations in floods and coarse sediment and wood transport. Widespread decreases have occurred in the rates of meander migration and avulsions and the number and diversity of landforms such as gravel bars, islands, and side channels. Dynamic and, in some cases, multi-thread river segments have become stable, single-thread channels. Preliminary observations suggest that forest area has increased within the active channel, further reducing the area of unvegetated gravel bars.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Alterations to floods and sediment transport and ongoing channel, floodplain, and vegetation responses result in a modern Willamette River Basin. Here, the floodplain influenced by the modern flow and sediment regimes, or the functional floodplain, is narrower and inset with the broader and older geomorphic floodplain. The functional floodplain is flanked by higher elevation relict floodplain features that are no longer inundated by modern floods. The corridor of present- day active channel surfaces is narrower, enabling riparian vegetation to establish on formerly active gravel bar surfaces.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The modern Willamette River Basin with its fundamental changes in the flood, sediment transport, and large wood regimes has implications for future habitat conditions. System-wide future trends probably include narrower floodplains and a lower diversity of landforms and habitats along the Willamette River and its major tributaries compared to historical patterns and today.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Furthermore, specific conditions and future trends will probably vary between geologically stable, anthropogenically stable, and dynamic reaches. The middle and lower segments of the Willamette River are geologically stable, whereas the South Santiam and Middle Fork Willamette Rivers were historically dynamic, but are now largely stable in response to flow regulation and revetment construction. The upper Willamette and North Santiam Rivers retain some dynamic characteristics, and provide the greatest diversity of aquatic and riparian habitats under the current flow and sediment regime. The McKenzie River has some areas that are more dynamic, whereas other sections are stable due to geology or revetments.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Historical reductions in channel dynamism also have implications for ongoing and future recruitment and succession of floodplain forests. For instance, the succession of native plants like black cottonwood is currently limited by (1) fewer low-elevation gravel bars for stand initiation; (2) altered streamflow during seed release, germination, and stand initiation; (3) competition from introduced plant species; and (4) frequent erosion of young vegetation in some locations because scouring flows are concentrated within a narrow channel corridor.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Despite past alterations, the Willamette River Basin has many of the physical and ecological building blocks necessary for highly functioning rivers. Management strategies, including environmental flow programs, river and floodplain restoration, revetment modifications, and reclamation of gravel mines, are underway to mitigate some historical changes. However, there are some substantial gaps in the scientific understanding of the modern Willamette basin that is needed to efficiently integrate these blocks and to establish realistic objectives for future conditions. Unanswered questions include:</p>\n<p>\n1. What is the distribution and diversity of landforms and habitats along the Willamette River and its tributaries?<br/>\n2. What is the extent of today’s functional floodplain—the part of the river corridor actively formed and modified by fluvial processes?<br/>\n3. How are landforms and habitats in the Willamette River Basin created and sustained by present-day flow and sediment conditions?<br/>\n4. How is the succession of native floodplain vegetation shaped by present-day flow and sediment conditions?</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Answering these questions will produce baseline data on the current distributions of landforms and habitats (question 1), the extent of the functional floodplain (question 2), and the effects of modern flow and sediment regimes on future floodplain landforms, habitats, and vegetation succession (questions 3 and 4). Addressing questions 1 and 2 is a logical next step because they underlie questions 3 and 4. Addressing these four questions would better characterize the modern Willamette Basin and help in implementing and setting realistic targets for ongoing management strategies, demonstrating their effectiveness at the site and basin scales, and anticipating future trends and conditions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131246","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Benton County Soil and Water Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Wallick, J., Jones, K.L., O'Connor, J., Keith, M., Hulse, D., and Gregory, S.V., 2013, Geomorphic and vegetation processes of the Willamette River floodplain, Oregon: current understanding and unanswered science questions: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1246, vi, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131246.","productDescription":"vi, 70 p.","numberOfPages":"79","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049307","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280210,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131246.jpg"},{"id":280208,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1246/"},{"id":280209,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1246/pdf/ofr2013-1246.pdf"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"Newberg","otherGeospatial":"Mckenzie River;Santiam River;Willamette Basin;Willamette River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.4202,42.9986 ], [ -124.4202,46.077 ], [ -120.9155,46.077 ], [ -120.9155,42.9986 ], [ -124.4202,42.9986 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52a64033e4b0a6d6958823f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallick, J. Rose 0000-0002-9392-272X rosewall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-272X","contributorId":3583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallick","given":"J. Rose","email":"rosewall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Krista L. 0000-0002-0301-4497 kljones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0301-4497","contributorId":4550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Krista","email":"kljones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O'Connor, Jim E. 0000-0002-7928-5883 oconnor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7928-5883","contributorId":140771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connor","given":"Jim E.","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":487109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keith, Mackenzie K.","contributorId":16560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"Mackenzie K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hulse, David","contributorId":72290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hulse","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gregory, Stanley V.","contributorId":60528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregory","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70048990,"text":"sir20135182 - 2013 - Estimation of traveltime and longitudinal dispersion in streams in West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-06T08:59:14","indexId":"sir20135182","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-06T08:46:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5182","title":"Estimation of traveltime and longitudinal dispersion in streams in West Virginia","docAbstract":"<p>Traveltime and dispersion data are important for understanding and responding to spills of contaminants in waterways. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with West Virginia Bureau for Public Health, Office of Environmental Health Services, compiled and evaluated traveltime and longitudinal dispersion data representative of many West Virginia waterways. Traveltime and dispersion data were not available for streams in the northwestern part of the State. Compiled data were compared with estimates determined from national equations previously published by the USGS. The evaluation summarized procedures and examples for estimating traveltime and dispersion on streams in West Virginia.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>National equations developed by the USGS can be used to predict traveltime and dispersion for streams located in West Virginia, but the predictions will be less accurate than those made with graphical interpolation between measurements. National equations for peak concentration, velocity of the peak concentration, and traveltime of the leading edge had root mean square errors (RMSE) of 0.426 log units (127 percent), 0.505 feet per second (ft/s), and 3.78 hours (h). West Virginia data fit the national equations for peak concentration, velocity of the peak concentration, and traveltime of the leading edge with RMSE of 0.139 log units (38 percent), 0.630 ft/s, and 3.38 h, respectively. The national equation for maximum possible velocity of the peak concentration exceeded 99 percent and 100 percent of observed values from the national data set and West Virginia-only data set, respectively. No RMSE was reported for time of passage of a dye cloud, as estimated using the national equation; however, the estimates made using the national equations had a root mean square error of 3.82 h when compared to data gathered for this study.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Traveltime and dispersion estimates can be made from the plots of traveltime as a function of streamflow and location for streams with plots available, but estimates can be made using the national equations for streams without plots. The estimating procedures are not valid for regulated stream reaches that were not individually studied or streamflows outside the limits studied.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Rapidly changing streamflow and inadequate mixing across the stream channel affect traveltime and dispersion, and reduce the accuracy of estimates. Increases in streamflow typically result in decreases in the peak concentration and traveltime of the peak concentration. Decreases in streamflow typically result in increases in the peak concentration and traveltime of the peak concentration. Traveltimes will likely be less than those determined using the estimating equations and procedures if the spill is in the center of the stream, and traveltimes will likely be greater than those determined using the estimating equations and procedures if the spill is near the streambank.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135182","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the West Virginia Bureau for Public Health, Office of Environmental Health Services","usgsCitation":"Wiley, J.B., and Messinger, T., 2013, Estimation of traveltime and longitudinal dispersion in streams in West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5182, vi, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135182.","productDescription":"vi, 62 p.","numberOfPages":"73","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-043346","costCenters":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280203,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135182.jpg"},{"id":280201,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5182/"},{"id":280202,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5182/pdf/sir2013-5182.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.2929,37.035 ], [ -83.2929,40.9216 ], [ -77.3015,40.9216 ], [ -77.3015,37.035 ], [ -83.2929,37.035 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52a64027e4b0a6d695882373","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiley, Jeffrey B.","contributorId":59746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiley","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Messinger, Terence 0000-0003-4084-9298 tmessing@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4084-9298","contributorId":2717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Messinger","given":"Terence","email":"tmessing@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70049009,"text":"ofr20131225 - 2013 - Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter: Estero Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-11T08:36:52","indexId":"ofr20131225","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-05T11:51:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1225","title":"Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter: Estero Bay, California","docAbstract":"Between July 30 and August 9, 2012, scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center (PCMSC), acquired bathymetry and acoustic-backscatter data from Estero Bay, San Luis Obispo, California, under PCMSC Field Activity ID S-05-12-SC.\n\nThe survey was done using the R/V Parke Snavely outfitted with a multibeam sonar for swath mapping and highly accurate position and orientation equipment for georeferencing. This report provides these data in a number of different formats, as well as a summary of the mapping mission, maps of bathymetry and backscatter, and Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131225","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Hartwell, S., Finlayson, D.P., Dartnell, P., and Johnson, S.Y., 2013, Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter: Estero Bay, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1225, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131225.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045199","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280195,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131225.PNG"},{"id":280194,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1225/abstract.html"},{"id":280193,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1225/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Estero Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.538601,35.159338 ], [ -121.538601,35.718667 ], [ -120.717273,35.718667 ], [ -120.717273,35.159338 ], [ -121.538601,35.159338 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52a1a061e4b02938ec058795","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartwell, Stephen R.","contributorId":31669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartwell","given":"Stephen R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finlayson, David P. dfinlayson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finlayson","given":"David","email":"dfinlayson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Samuel Y. 0000-0001-7972-9977 sjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-9977","contributorId":2607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Samuel","email":"sjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70055882,"text":"sir20135212 - 2013 - Streamflow monitoring and statistics for development of water rights claims for Wild and Scenic Rivers, Owyhee Canyonlands Wilderness, Idaho, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-05T09:17:52","indexId":"sir20135212","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-05T09:02:11","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5212","title":"Streamflow monitoring and statistics for development of water rights claims for Wild and Scenic Rivers, Owyhee Canyonlands Wilderness, Idaho, 2012","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), collected streamflow data in 2012 and estimated streamflow statistics for stream segments designated \"Wild,\" \"Scenic,\" or \"Recreational\" under the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System in the Owyhee Canyonlands Wilderness in southwestern Idaho. The streamflow statistics were used by BLM to develop and file a draft, federal reserved water right claim in autumn 2012 to protect federally designated \"outstanding remarkable values\" in the stream segments. BLM determined that the daily mean streamflow equaled or exceeded 20 and 80 percent of the time during bimonthly periods (two periods per month) and the bankfull streamflow are important streamflow thresholds for maintaining outstanding remarkable values. Prior to this study, streamflow statistics estimated using available datasets and tools for the Owyhee Canyonlands Wilderness were inaccurate for use in the water rights claim.  Streamflow measurements were made at varying intervals during February–September 2012 at 14 monitoring sites; 2 of the monitoring sites were equipped with telemetered streamgaging equipment. Synthetic streamflow records were created for 11 of the 14 monitoring sites using a partial‑record method or a drainage-area-ratio method. Streamflow records were obtained directly from an operating, long-term streamgage at one monitoring site, and from discontinued streamgages at two monitoring sites. For 10 sites analyzed using the partial-record method, discrete measurements were related to daily mean streamflow at a nearby, telemetered “index” streamgage. Resulting regression equations were used to estimate daily mean and annual peak streamflow at the monitoring sites during the full period of record for the index sites. A synthetic streamflow record for Sheep Creek was developed using a drainage-area-ratio method, because measured streamflows did not relate well to any index site to allow use of the partial-record method. The synthetic and actual daily mean streamflow records were used to estimate daily mean streamflow that was exceeded 80, 50, and 20 percent of the time (80-, 50-, and 20-percent exceedances) for bimonthly and annual periods. Bankfull streamflow statistics were calculated by fitting the synthetic and actual annual peak streamflow records to a log Pearson Type III distribution using Bulletin 17B guidelines in the U.S. Geological Survey PeakFQ program.  The coefficients of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) for the regressions between the monitoring and index sites ranged from 0.74 for Wickahoney Creek to 0.98 for the West Fork Bruneau River and Deep Creek. Confidence in computed streamflow statistics is highest among other sites for the East Fork Owyhee River and the West Fork Bruneau River on the basis of regression statistics, visual fit of the related data, and the range and number of streamflow measurements. Streamflow statistics for sites with the greatest uncertainty included Big Jacks, Little Jacks, Cottonwood, Wickahoney, and Sheep Creeks. The uncertainty in computed streamflow statistics was due to a number of factors which included the distance of index sites relative to monitoring sites, relatively low streamflow conditions that occurred during the study, and the limited number and range of streamflow measurements. However, the computed streamflow statistics are considered the best possible estimates given available datasets in the remote study area. Streamflow measurements over a wider range of hydrologic and climatic conditions would improve the relations between streamflow characteristics at monitoring and index sites. Additionally, field surveys are needed to verify if the streamflows selected for the water rights claims are sufficient for maintaining outstanding remarkable values in the Wild and Scenic rivers included in the study.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135212","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Wood, M.S., and Fosness, R.L., 2013, Streamflow monitoring and statistics for development of water rights claims for Wild and Scenic Rivers, Owyhee Canyonlands Wilderness, Idaho, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5212, vi, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135212.","productDescription":"vi, 65 p.","numberOfPages":"76","ipdsId":"IP-042211","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280184,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135212.jpg"},{"id":280183,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5212/pdf/sir20135212.pdf"},{"id":280178,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5212/"}],"datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Nevada;Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Owyhee Canyonlands Wilderness","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.5,41.5 ], [ -117.5,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.01638888888888889,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.01638888888888889,41.5 ], [ -117.5,41.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52a1a08ae4b02938ec058843","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Molly S. 0000-0002-5184-8306 mswood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5184-8306","contributorId":788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Molly","email":"mswood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fosness, Ryan L. 0000-0003-4089-2704 rfosness@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4089-2704","contributorId":2703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fosness","given":"Ryan","email":"rfosness@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70058009,"text":"70058009 - 2013 - Integrated carbon budget models for the Everglades terrestrial-coastal-oceanic gradient: Current status and needs for inter-site comparisons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-03T16:05:03","indexId":"70058009","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-03T15:54:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2929,"text":"Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated carbon budget models for the Everglades terrestrial-coastal-oceanic gradient: Current status and needs for inter-site comparisons","docAbstract":"Recent studies suggest that coastal ecosystems can bury significantly \nmore C than tropical forests, indicating that continued coastal development and \nexposure to sea level rise and storms will have global biogeochemical consequences. \nThe Florida Coastal Everglades Long Term Ecological Research (FCE LTER) site \nprovides an excellent subtropical system for examining carbon (C) balance because \nof its exposure to historical changes in freshwater distribution and sea level rise and \nits history of significant long-term carbon-cycling studies. FCE LTER scientists used \nnet ecosystem C balance and net ecosystem exchange data to estimate C budgets \nfor riverine mangrove, freshwater marsh, and seagrass meadows, providing insights \ninto the magnitude of C accumulation and lateral aquatic C transport. Rates of net \nC production in the riverine mangrove forest exceeded those reported for many \ntropical systems, including terrestrial forests, but there are considerable uncertainties \naround those estimates due to the high potential for gain and loss of C through \naquatic fluxes. C production was approximately balanced between gain and loss in \nEverglades marshes; however, the contribution of periphyton increases uncertainty \nin these estimates. Moreover, while the approaches used for these initial estimates \nwere informative, a resolved approach for addressing areas of uncertainty is critically \nneeded for coastal wetland ecosystems. Once resolved, these C balance estimates, \nin conjunction with an understanding of drivers and key ecosystem feedbacks, can \ninform cross-system studies of ecosystem response to long-term changes in climate, \nhydrologic management, and other land use along coastlines","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Oceanography Society","doi":"10.5670/oceanog.2013.51","usgsCitation":"Troxler, T.G., Gaiser, E., Barr, J., Fuentes, J.D., Jaffe, R., Childers, D., Collado-Vides, L., Rivera-Monroy, V., Castañeda-Moya, E., Anderson, W., Chambers, R., Chen, M., Coronado-Molina, C., Davis, S., Engel, V.C., Fitz, C., Fourqurean, J., Frankovich, T., Kominoski, J., Madden, C., Malone, S.L., Oberbauer, S.F., Olivas, P., Richards, J., Saunders, C., Schedlbauer, J., Scinto, L.J., Sklar, F., Smith, T.J., Smoak, J.M., Starr, G., Twilley, R., and Whelan, K., 2013, Integrated carbon budget models for the Everglades terrestrial-coastal-oceanic gradient: Current status and needs for inter-site comparisons: Oceanography, v. 26, no. 3, p. 98-107, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2013.51.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"98","endPage":"107","ipdsId":"IP-049533","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2013.51","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":280172,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280171,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2013.51"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Everglades","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.6559,25.1279 ], [ -81.6559,27.0151 ], [ -80.2167,27.0151 ], [ -80.2167,25.1279 ], [ -81.6559,25.1279 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"529efd70e4b01942f4ab8b89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troxler, Tiffany G.","contributorId":35599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troxler","given":"Tiffany","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gaiser, Evelyn","contributorId":61727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaiser","given":"Evelyn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barr, Jordan","contributorId":58007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barr","given":"Jordan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuentes, Jose D.","contributorId":97231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuentes","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jaffe, Rudolf","contributorId":9128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Rudolf","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Childers, Daniel L.","contributorId":75816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childers","given":"Daniel L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Collado-Vides, Ligia","contributorId":13528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collado-Vides","given":"Ligia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rivera-Monroy, Victor H.","contributorId":34198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rivera-Monroy","given":"Victor H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Castañeda-Moya, Edward","contributorId":42842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castañeda-Moya","given":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Anderson, William","contributorId":106006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Chambers, 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vengel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3858-7308","contributorId":2329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engel","given":"Victor","email":"vengel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Fitz, Carl","contributorId":15925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitz","given":"Carl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Fourqurean, James","contributorId":77038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fourqurean","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Frankovich, 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F.","contributorId":42129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberbauer","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Olivas, Paulo","contributorId":102783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olivas","given":"Paulo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Richards, Jennifer","contributorId":65375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Saunders, Colin","contributorId":73913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saunders","given":"Colin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Schedlbauer, 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III tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Thomas","suffix":"III","email":"tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Smoak, Joseph M.","contributorId":32392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoak","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Starr, Gregory","contributorId":100735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starr","given":"Gregory","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Twilley, Robert","contributorId":27350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twilley","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Whelan, Kevin","contributorId":34035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33}]}}
,{"id":70057982,"text":"70057982 - 2013 - Genetic characterization of the Pacific sheath-tailed bat (Emballonura semicaudata rotensis) using mitochondrial DNA sequence data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-03T12:47:55","indexId":"70057982","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-03T12:35:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic characterization of the Pacific sheath-tailed bat (Emballonura semicaudata rotensis) using mitochondrial DNA sequence data","docAbstract":"Emballonura semicaudata occurs in the southwestern Pacific and  populations on many islands have declined or disappeared. One subspecies (E. semicaudata rotensis) occurs in the Northern Mariana Islands, where it has been extirpated from all but 1 island (Aguiguan). We assessed genetic similarity between the last population of E. s. rotensis and 2 other subspecies, and examined genetic diversity on Aguiguan. We sampled 12 E. s. rotensis, sequenced them at 3 mitochondrial loci, and compared them with published sequences from 2 other subspecies. All 12 E. s. rotensis had identical sequences in each of the 3 regions. Using cytochrome-b (Cytb) data E. s. rotensis was sister to E. s. palauensis in a clade separate from E. s. semicaudata. 12S ribosomal RNA (12S) sequences grouped all E. s. semicaudata in 1 clade with E. s. rotensis in a clade by itself. Genetic distances among the 3 subspecies at Cytb were smallest between E. s. palauensis and E. s. rotensis. Distance between E. s. semicaudata and the other 2 subspecies was not different from the distance between E. s. semicaudata and the full species E. raffrayana. A similar relationship was found using the 12S data. These distances are larger than those typically reported for mammalian subspecies using Cytb sequence and within the range of sister species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","doi":"10.1644/13-MAMM-A-006.1","usgsCitation":"Oyler-McCance, S.J., Valdez, E.W., O’Shea, T.J., and Fike, J.A., 2013, Genetic characterization of the Pacific sheath-tailed bat (Emballonura semicaudata rotensis) using mitochondrial DNA sequence data: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 94, no. 5, p. 1030-1036, https://doi.org/10.1644/13-MAMM-A-006.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1030","endPage":"1036","ipdsId":"IP-045069","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280151,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280149,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/13-MAMM-A-006.1"},{"id":280150,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1644/13-MAMM-A-006.1"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 130.3,-20.01 ], [ 130.3,17.64 ], [ -176.4,17.64 ], [ -176.4,-20.01 ], [ 130.3,-20.01 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"94","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"529efd70e4b01942f4ab8b86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oyler-McCance, Sara J. 0000-0003-1599-8769 sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1599-8769","contributorId":1973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oyler-McCance","given":"Sara","email":"sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valdez, Ernest W. 0000-0002-7262-3069 ernie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7262-3069","contributorId":3600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valdez","given":"Ernest","email":"ernie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Shea, Thomas J. osheat@usgs.gov","contributorId":2327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Shea","given":"Thomas","email":"osheat@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fike, Jennifer A. fikej@usgs.gov","contributorId":4564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fike","given":"Jennifer","email":"fikej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70049025,"text":"fs20133080 - 2013 - Origin and characteristics of discharge at San Marcos Springs, south-central Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T13:22:06","indexId":"fs20133080","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-03T10:56:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3080","title":"Origin and characteristics of discharge at San Marcos Springs, south-central Texas","docAbstract":"<p>The Edwards aquifer in south-central Texas is one of the most productive aquifers in the Nation and is the primary source of water for the rapidly growing San Antonio area. Springs issuing from the Edwards aquifer provide habitat for several threatened and endangered species, serve as locations for recreational activities, and supply downstream users. Comal Springs and San Marcos Springs are major discharge points for the Edwards aquifer, and their discharges are used as thresholds in groundwater management strategies. Regional flow paths originating in the western part of the aquifer are generally understood to supply discharge at Comal Springs. In contrast, the hydrologic connection of San Marcos Springs with the regional Edwards aquifer flow system is less understood. During November 2008&ndash;December 2010, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System, collected and analyzed hydrologic and geochemical data from springs, groundwater wells, and streams to gain a better understanding of the origin and characteristics of discharge at San Marcos Springs. During the study, climatic and hydrologic conditions transitioned from exceptional drought to wetter than normal. The wide range of hydrologic conditions that occurred during this study&mdash;and corresponding changes in surface-water, groundwater and spring discharge, and in physicochemical properties and geochemistry&mdash;provides insight into the origin of the water discharging from San Marcos Springs. Three orifices at San Marcos Springs (Deep, Diversion, and Weissmuller Springs) were selected to be representative of larger springs at the spring complex. Key findings include that discharge at San Marcos Springs was dominated by regional recharge sources and groundwater flow paths and that different orifices of San Marcos Springs respond differently to changes in hydrologic conditions; Deep Spring was less responsive to changes in hydrologic conditions than were Diversion Spring and Weissmuller Spring. Also, San Marcos Springs discharge is influenced by mixing with a component of saline groundwater.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133080","issn":"2327-6932","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System","usgsCitation":"Musgrove, M., and Crow, C.L., 2013, Origin and characteristics of discharge at San Marcos Springs, south-central Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3080, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133080.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-048943","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280145,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133080.jpg"},{"id":280144,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3080/pdf/fs2013-3080.pdf"},{"id":280142,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3080/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"San Marcos Springs","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.666667,29.666667 ], [ -98.666667,30.333333 ], [ -97.666667,30.333333 ], [ -97.666667,29.666667 ], [ -98.666667,29.666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"529efd71e4b01942f4ab8b8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Musgrove, MaryLynn","contributorId":34878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"MaryLynn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crow, Cassi L. 0000-0002-1279-2485 ccrow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1279-2485","contributorId":1666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crow","given":"Cassi","email":"ccrow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70057890,"text":"70057890 - 2013 - Outplanting Wyoming big sagebrush following wldfire: stock performance and economics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-03T09:47:25","indexId":"70057890","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-03T09:28:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3228,"text":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","onlineIssn":"1551-5028","printIssn":"1550-7424","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Outplanting Wyoming big sagebrush following wldfire: stock performance and economics","docAbstract":"Finding ecologically and economically effective ways to establish matrix species is often critical for restoration success. Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata subsp. wyomingensis) historically dominated large areas of western North America, but has been extirpated from many areas by large wildfires; its re-establishment in these areas often requires active management. We evaluated the performance (survival, health) and economic costs of container and bare-root stock based on operational plantings of more than 1.5 million seedlings across 2 200 ha, and compared our plantings with 30 other plantings in which sagebrush survival was tracked for up to 5 yr. Plantings occurred between 2001 and 2007, and included 12 combinations of stock type, planting amendment, and planting year.We monitored 10 500 plants for up to 8 yr after planting. Survival to Year 3 averaged 21% and was higher for container stock (30%) than bare-root stock (17%). Survival did not differ among container stock plantings, whereas survival of bare-root stock was sometimes enhanced by a hydrogel dip before planting, but not by\nmycorrhizal amendments. Most mortality occurred during the first year after planting; this period is the greatest barrier to establishment of sagebrush stock. The proportion of healthy stock in Year 1 was positively related to subsequent survival to Year 3. Costs were minimized, and survival maximized, by planting container stock or bare-root stock with a hydrogel dip. Our results indicate that outplanting is an ecologically and economically effective way of establishing Wyoming big sagebrush. However, statistical analyses were limited by the fact that data about initial variables (stock quality, site conditions, weather) were often unrecorded and by the lack of a replicated experimental design. Sharing consistent data and using an experimental approach would help land managers and restoration practitioners maximize the success of outplanting efforts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Range Management","doi":"10.2111/REM-D-12-00114.1","usgsCitation":"Dettweiler-Robinson, E., Bakker, J.D., Evans, J.R., Newsome, H., Davies, G.M., Wirth, T., Pyke, D.A., Easterly, R.T., Salstrom, D., and Dunwiddle, P.W., 2013, Outplanting Wyoming big sagebrush following wldfire: stock performance and economics: Rangeland Ecology and Management, v. 66, no. 6, p. 657-666, https://doi.org/10.2111/REM-D-12-00114.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"657","endPage":"666","ipdsId":"IP-043770","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473404,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/642752","text":"External Repository"},{"id":280135,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280104,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2111/REM-D-12-00114.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.8008,46.3658 ], [ -119.8008,46.7957 ], [ -119.259,46.7957 ], [ -119.259,46.3658 ], [ -119.8008,46.3658 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"66","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"529efd71e4b01942f4ab8b8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dettweiler-Robinson, Eva","contributorId":48860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettweiler-Robinson","given":"Eva","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bakker, Jonathan D.","contributorId":15754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakker","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, James R.","contributorId":94583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newsome, Heidi","contributorId":69051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newsome","given":"Heidi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davies, G. Matt","contributorId":84263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Matt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wirth, Troy A.","contributorId":27837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wirth","given":"Troy A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Easterly, Richard T.","contributorId":73103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Easterly","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Salstrom, Debra","contributorId":15514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salstrom","given":"Debra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Dunwiddle, Peter W.","contributorId":48088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunwiddle","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70048951,"text":"ofr20131176 - 2013 - Accuracy of the Missouri River Least Tern and Piping Plover Monitoring Program: considerations for the future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T11:14:54","indexId":"ofr20131176","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-02T16:14:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1176","title":"Accuracy of the Missouri River Least Tern and Piping Plover Monitoring Program: considerations for the future","docAbstract":"The upper Missouri River system provides nesting and foraging habitat for federally endangered least terns (Sternula antillarum; hereafter “terns”) and threatened piping plovers (Charadrius melodus; hereafter “plovers”). These species are the subject of substantial management interest on the Missouri River for several reasons. First, ecosystem recovery is a goal for management agencies that seek to maintain or restore natural functions and native biological communities for the Missouri River system. Terns and plovers are recognized as important ecosystem components that are linked with the river’s ecological functions. Second, although both species breed beyond the Missouri River system, the Missouri River is one of the principal breeding areas in the Northern Great Plains; thus, the river system is a focal area for recovery actions targeted at regional population goals. Third, a Biological Opinion for Missouri River operations established annual productivity goals for terns and plovers, and the recovery plan for each species established annual population goals. Meeting these goals is a key motivation in management decision making and implementation with regard to both species. A myriad of conservation and management interests necessitate understanding numbers, distribution, and productivity of terns and plovers on the Missouri River system. To this end, a Tern and Plover Monitoring Program (TPMP) was implemented by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (hereafter “Corps”) in 1986, and has since provided annual estimates of tern and plover numbers and productivity for five Missouri River reservoirs and four river reaches (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1993). The TPMP has served as the primary source of information about the status of terns and plovers on the Missouri River, and TPMP data have been used for a wide variety of purposes. In 2005, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center (NPWRC) was tasked by the Corps to evaluate the accuracy of the TPMP and provide guidance on revising the program to assess tern and plover numbers and reproductive success. Accordingly, NPWRC studied terns and plovers on two river reaches and one reservoir (hereafter “the evaluation”), and used the results of those studies to help understand properties and potential limitations of TPMP data and to provide guidance for TPMP revisions. The purpose of this report is to present an overview and evaluation of the TPMP data, the results of our intensive monitoring, and propose an alternative idea that provides a framework for making decisions about how to monitor terns and plovers.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131176","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Shaffer, T.L., Sherfy, M.H., Anteau, M.J., Stucker, J.H., Sovada, M.A., Roche, E.A., Wiltermuth, M.T., Buhl, T.K., and Dovichin, C.M., 2013, Accuracy of the Missouri River Least Tern and Piping Plover Monitoring Program: considerations for the future: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1176, Report: xi, 74 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131176.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 74 p.; Downloads 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msovada@usgs.gov","contributorId":2601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sovada","given":"Marsha","email":"msovada@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":485845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roche, Erin A. eroche@usgs.gov","contributorId":5558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roche","given":"Erin","email":"eroche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wiltermuth, Mark T. 0000-0002-8871-2816 mwiltermuth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8871-2816","contributorId":708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiltermuth","given":"Mark","email":"mwiltermuth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research 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,{"id":70048992,"text":"sim3275 - 2013 - Flood-inundation maps for the DuPage River from Plainfield to Shorewood, Illinois, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-02T15:52:35","indexId":"sim3275","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-02T15:29:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3275","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the DuPage River from Plainfield to Shorewood, Illinois, 2013","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for a 15.5-mi reach of the DuPage River from Plainfield to Shorewood, Illinois, were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Will County Stormwater Management Planning Committee. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/ depict estimates of the areal extent of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (gage heights or stages) at the USGS streamgage at DuPage River at Shorewood, Illinois (sta. no. 05540500). Current conditions at the USGS streamgage may be obtained on the Internet at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/usa/nwis/uv?05540500. In addition, the information has been provided to the National Weather Service (NWS) for incorporation into their Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) flood warning system (http://water.weather.gov/ahps/). The NWS forecasts flood hydrographs at many places that are often colocated with USGS streamgages. The NWS-forecasted peak-stage information, also shown on the DuPage River at Shorewood inundation Web site, may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation. In this study, flood profiles were computed for the stream reach by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model. The hydraulic model was then used to determine nine water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1-ft intervals referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from NWS Action stage of 6 ft to the historic crest of 14.0 ft. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) (derived from Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data) by using a Geographic Information System (GIS) in order to delineate the area flooded at each water level. These maps, along with information on the Internet regarding current gage height from USGS streamgages and forecasted stream stages from the NWS, provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for postflood recovery efforts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3275","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Will County Stormwater Management Planning Committee","usgsCitation":"Murphy, E., and Sharpe, J.B., 2013, Flood-inundation maps for the DuPage River from Plainfield to Shorewood, Illinois, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3275, Pamphlet: vi, 8 p.; Map Sheets: 9 jpg files, 9 PDF files 11 inches x 17 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3275.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: vi, 8 p.; Map Sheets: 9 jpg files, 9 PDF files 11 inches x 17 inches; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-043662","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280119,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3275.jpg"},{"id":280109,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3275/pdf/sim3275_mapsheets_pdf/Sheet02stage7_sim3275.pdf"},{"id":280110,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3275/pdf/sim3275_mapsheets_pdf/Sheet01stage6_sim3275.pdf"},{"id":280107,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3275/"},{"id":280108,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3275/pdf/sim3275_pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":280111,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3275/pdf/sim3275_mapsheets_pdf/Sheet03stage8_sim3275.pdf"},{"id":280112,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3275/pdf/sim3275_mapsheets_pdf/Sheet04stage9_sim3275.pdf"},{"id":280113,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3275/pdf/sim3275_mapsheets_pdf/Sheet05stage10_sim3275.pdf"},{"id":280114,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3275/pdf/sim3275_mapsheets_pdf/Sheet06stage11_sim3275.pdf"},{"id":280115,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3275/pdf/sim3275_mapsheets_pdf/Sheet07stage12_sim3275.pdf"},{"id":280116,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3275/pdf/sim3275_mapsheets_pdf/Sheet08stage13_sim3275.pdf"},{"id":280117,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3275/pdf/sim3275_mapsheets_pdf/Sheet09stage14_sim3275.pdf"},{"id":280118,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3275/Downloads"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.233333,41.516667 ], [ -88.233333,41.700000 ], [ -88.150000,41.700000 ], [ -88.150000,41.516667 ], [ -88.233333,41.516667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"529dac16e4b0516126f66b4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":69660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Elizabeth A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharpe, Jennifer B. 0000-0002-5192-7848 jbsharpe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5192-7848","contributorId":2825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharpe","given":"Jennifer","email":"jbsharpe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70057877,"text":"70057877 - 2013 - Large dams and alluvial rivers in the Anthropocene: The impacts of the Garrison and Oahe Dams on the Upper Missouri River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-02T13:43:58","indexId":"70057877","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-02T13:27:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":815,"text":"Anthropocene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large dams and alluvial rivers in the Anthropocene: The impacts of the Garrison and Oahe Dams on the Upper Missouri River","docAbstract":"The Missouri River has had a long history of anthropogenic modification with considerable impacts on river and riparian ecology, form, and function. During the 20th century, several large dam-building efforts in the basin served the needs for irrigation, flood control, navigation, and the generation of hydroelectric power. The managed flow provided a range of uses, including recreation, fisheries, and habitat. Fifteen dams impound the main stem of the river, with hundreds more on tributaries. Though the effects of dams and reservoirs are well-documented, their impacts have been studied individually, with relatively little attention paid to their interaction along a river corridor. We examine the morphological and sedimentological changes in the Upper Missouri River between the Garrison Dam in ND (operational in 1953) and Oahe Dam in SD (operational in 1959). Through historical aerial photography, stream gage data, and cross sectional surveys, we demonstrate that the influence of the upstream dam is still a major control of river dynamics when the backwater effects of the downstream reservoir begin. In the “Anthropocene”, dams are ubiquitous on large rivers and often occur in series, similar to the Garrison Dam Segment. We propose a conceptual model of how interacting dams might affect river geomorphology, resulting in distinct and recognizable morphologic sequences that we term “Inter-Dam sequence” characteristic of major rivers in the US.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Anthropocene","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ancene.2013.10.002","usgsCitation":"Skalak, K., Benthem, A.J., Schenk, E.R., Hupp, C.R., Galloway, J.M., Nustad, R.A., and Wiche, G.J., 2013, Large dams and alluvial rivers in the Anthropocene: The impacts of the Garrison and Oahe Dams on the Upper Missouri River: Anthropocene, v. 2, p. 51-64, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2013.10.002.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-049280","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280100,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280097,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2013.10.002"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota;South Dakota;Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.3648,42.4969 ], [ -105.3648,47.5073 ], [ -99.2708,47.5073 ], [ -99.2708,42.4969 ], [ -105.3648,42.4969 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"529dac18e4b0516126f66b5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skalak, Katherine 0000-0003-4122-1240 kskalak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4122-1240","contributorId":3990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skalak","given":"Katherine","email":"kskalak@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benthem, Adam J. 0000-0003-2372-0281 abenthem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2372-0281","contributorId":2740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benthem","given":"Adam","email":"abenthem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schenk, Edward R. 0000-0001-6886-5754 eschenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-5754","contributorId":2183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Edward","email":"eschenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hupp, Cliff R. 0000-0003-1853-9197 crhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":2344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Cliff","email":"crhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Galloway, Joel M. 0000-0002-9836-9724 jgallowa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9836-9724","contributorId":1562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Joel","email":"jgallowa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nustad, Rochelle A. 0000-0002-4713-5944 ranustad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4713-5944","contributorId":1811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nustad","given":"Rochelle","email":"ranustad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wiche, Gregg J. gjwiche@usgs.gov","contributorId":1675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiche","given":"Gregg","email":"gjwiche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70058049,"text":"70058049 - 2013 - Ground-motion prediction from tremor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-24T09:44:32","indexId":"70058049","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-01T15:16:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-motion prediction from tremor","docAbstract":"The widespread occurrence of tremor, coupled with its frequency content and location, provides an exceptional opportunity to test and improve strong ground-motion attenuation relations for subduction zones. We characterize the amplitude of thousands of individual 5 min tremor events in Cascadia during three episodic tremor and slip events to constrain the distance decay of peak ground acceleration (PGA) and peak ground velocity (PGV). We determine the anelastic attenuation parameter for ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) to a distance of 150 km, which is sufficient to place important constraints on ground-motion decay. Tremor PGA and PGV show a distance decay that is similar to subduction-zone-specific GMPEs developed from both data and simulations; however, the massive amount of data present in the tremor observations should allow us to refine distance-amplitude attenuation relationships for use in hazard maps, and to search for regional variations and intrasubduction zone differences in ground-motion attenuation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2013GL058506","usgsCitation":"Baltay Sundstrom, A.S., and Beroza, G., 2013, Ground-motion prediction from tremor: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 40, no. 24, p. 6340-6345, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058506.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"6340","endPage":"6345","numberOfPages":"6","ipdsId":"IP-052323","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280767,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280765,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058506"}],"country":"Canada;United States","state":"British Columbia;Oregon;Washington","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -126.0,46.0 ], [ -126.0,50.0 ], [ -122.0,50.0 ], [ -122.0,46.0 ], [ -126.0,46.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"40","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-12-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5f5fe4b0b290850fc47e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baltay Sundstrom, Annemarie S. 0000-0002-6514-852X abaltay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6514-852X","contributorId":4932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baltay Sundstrom","given":"Annemarie","email":"abaltay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beroza, Gregory C.","contributorId":10713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beroza","given":"Gregory C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70147932,"text":"70147932 - 2013 - Winter habitat use and survival of lesser prairie-chickens in West Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-11T11:14:36","indexId":"70147932","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-01T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter habitat use and survival of lesser prairie-chickens in West Texas","docAbstract":"<p>The lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) has experienced declines in population and occupied range since the late 1800s and is currently proposed for Federal protection under the Endangered Species Act. Populations and the distribution of lesser prairie-chickens in Texas, USA, are thought to be at or near all-time lows. Currently, there is a paucity of data on the wintering ecology of the species. We measured home range, habitat use, and survival of lesser prairie-chickens during the non-breeding seasons (1 Sep-28 Feb) of 2008-2009, 2009-2010, and 2010-2011 in sand shinnery oak (Quercus havardii) landscapes in the West Texas panhandle region. Home range size did not differ among years or between females (503 ha) andmales (489 ha). Over 97% of locations of both male and female prairie-chickens were within 3.2 km of the lek of capture, and 99.9% were within 3.2 km of an available water source (i.e., livestock water tank). Habitat cover types were not used proportional to occurrence within the home ranges; grassland-dominated areas with co-occurring sand shinnery oak were used more than available, but sand sagebrush (Artemisia filifolia)-dominated areas with grassland and sand sagebrush-dominated areas with bare ground were both used less than available. Survival rates during the first 2 non-breeding seasons (&gt;80%) were among the highest reported for the species. However, survival during the third non-breeding season was only 57%, resulting in a 3-year average of 72%. It does not appear that non-breeding season mortality is a strong limiting factor in lesser prairie-chicken persistence in the study area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/wsb.354","usgsCitation":"Pirius, N.E., Boal, C.W., Haukos, D.A., and Wallace, M., 2013, Winter habitat use and survival of lesser prairie-chickens in West Texas: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 37, no. 4, p. 759-765, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.354.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"759","endPage":"765","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037557","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/8bd2278a2b34485da513e457ff581500","text":"External Repository"},{"id":300285,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5551d2c1e4b0a92fa7e93c24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pirius, Nicholas E.","contributorId":57702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pirius","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boal, Clint W. 0000-0001-6008-8911 cboal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6008-8911","contributorId":1909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boal","given":"Clint","email":"cboal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haukos, David A. 0000-0001-5372-9960 dhaukos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-9960","contributorId":3664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukos","given":"David","email":"dhaukos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wallace, M.C.","contributorId":59162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70046992,"text":"70046992 - 2013 - Raptor nesting near oil and gas development: an overview of key findings and implications for management based on four reports by HawkWatch International","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-30T14:58:08","indexId":"70046992","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-01T12:14:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":4,"text":"BLM Technical Note","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"432","title":"Raptor nesting near oil and gas development: an overview of key findings and implications for management based on four reports by HawkWatch International","docAbstract":"<p>The project was undertaken because of a paucity of \ninformation about the possible effects of OG operations \nand resource management on nesting raptors. BLM \nraptor management has included stipulations that \nrestricted human activity near raptor nests during the \nraptor nesting season. The BLM and the Department of \nEnergy (DOE), which provided financial support for the \nstudy, seek information that will contribute to enhancing \nOG extraction operations while providing environmental \nprotection, including raptor conservation.</p>\n<br>\n<p>This project used historical data from Utah and Wyoming. \nThe Price, Utah study area, as of 2006, contained more \nthan 1,100 wells, in a nearly uniform distribution at a \ndensity of one per quarter section (160-acre spacing). \nSome development occurred closer to existing nests \nbecause the nest sites had not been discovered or because \nthe land is administered by the State of Utah, without \nthese stipulations. The Rawlins, Wyoming study area \nincluded more than 4,200 OG wells in 2006. Compared to \nthe Price study area, wells at Rawlins were less regularly \ndistributed; reaching densities of one well per quarter \nsection (160-acre spacing) in some areas, but less dense \nelsewhere.</p> \n<br>\n<p>HWI compiled information from federal bureaus, \nstate agencies, and industry, and determined how to \nevaluate the effectiveness of spatial and temporal buffer \nrestrictions that have been applied within areas of OG \nextraction. HWI used the historical data to describe \npatterns of OG development relative to raptor nests, and \nto document changes in the distribution and breeding \nstatus of raptor nests relative to OG activities. HWI \nevaluated how these historical datasets were useful for \nquantifying the relationship between OG development \nand other human activities and nesting raptors. HWI \nassessed changes in Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo regalis) \nnesting success and productivity, and in use of artificial \nnest structures (ANSs), which had been erected to reduce \nthe use by raptors of OG structures as nest substrates. \nAlso, HWI studied Accipiter species’ use of pinyon–\njuniper vegetation communities in the Piceance Basin \nof Colorado, described basic vegetation and landscape \ncharacteristics of nests, and offered recommendations \nabout surveying for accipiter hawks in pinyon–juniper \nlandscapes. Please read the HWI reports for details.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Bureau of Land Management","collaboration":"Prepared for: U.S. Department of Interior","usgsCitation":"Fuller, M.R., 2013, Raptor nesting near oil and gas development: an overview of key findings and implications for management based on four reports by HawkWatch International: BLM Technical Note 432, iii, 11 p.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p.","numberOfPages":"20","ipdsId":"IP-015718","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281831,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7800e4b0abf75cf2c708","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuller, Mark R. 0000-0001-7459-1729 mark_fuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7459-1729","contributorId":2296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Mark","email":"mark_fuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70065872,"text":"70065872 - 2013 - Long-range hazard assessment of volcanic ash dispersal for a Plinian eruptive scenario at Popocatépetl volcano (Mexico): implications for civil aviation safety","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T12:25:01","indexId":"70065872","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-01T11:53:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-range hazard assessment of volcanic ash dispersal for a Plinian eruptive scenario at Popocatépetl volcano (Mexico): implications for civil aviation safety","docAbstract":"Popocatépetl is one of Mexico’s most active volcanoes threatening a densely populated area that includes Mexico City with more than 20 million inhabitants. The destructive potential of this volcano is demonstrated by its Late Pleistocene–Holocene eruptive activity, which has been characterized by recurrent Plinian eruptions of large magnitude, the last two of which destroyed human settlements in pre-Hispanic times. Popocatépetl’s reawakening in 1994 produced a crisis that culminated with the evacuation of two villages on the northeastern flank of the volcano. Shortly after, a monitoring system and a civil protection contingency plan based on a hazard zone map were implemented. The current volcanic hazards map considers the potential occurrence of different volcanic phenomena, including pyroclastic density currents and lahars. However, no quantitative assessment of the tephra hazard, especially related to atmospheric dispersal, has been performed. The presence of airborne volcanic ash at low and jet-cruise atmospheric levels compromises the safety of aircraft operations and forces re-routing of aircraft to prevent encounters with volcanic ash clouds. Given the high number of important airports in the surroundings of Popocatépetl volcano and considering the potential threat posed to civil aviation in Mexico and adjacent regions in case of a Plinian eruption, a hazard assessment for tephra dispersal is required. In this work, we present the first probabilistic tephra dispersal hazard assessment for Popocatépetl volcano. We compute probabilistic hazard maps for critical thresholds of airborne ash concentrations at different flight levels, corresponding to the situation defined in Europe during 2010, and still under discussion. Tephra dispersal mode is performed using the FALL3D numerical model. Probabilistic hazard maps are built for a Plinian eruptive scenario defined on the basis of geological field data for the “Ochre Pumice” Plinian eruption (4965 <sup>14</sup>C yr BP). FALL3D model input eruptive parameters are constrained through an inversion method carried out with the semi-analytical HAZMAP model and are varied by sampling them using probability density functions. We analyze the influence of seasonal variations on ash dispersal and estimate the average persistence of critical ash concentrations at relevant locations and airports. This study assesses the impact that a Plinian eruption similar to the Ochre Pumice eruption would have on the main airports of Mexico and adjacent areas. The hazard maps presented here can support long-term planning that would help minimize the impacts of such an eruption on civil aviation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00445-013-0789-z","usgsCitation":"Bonasia, R., Scaini, C., Capra, L., Nathenson, M., Siebe, C., Arana-Salinas, L., and Folch, A., 2013, Long-range hazard assessment of volcanic ash dispersal for a Plinian eruptive scenario at Popocatépetl volcano (Mexico): implications for civil aviation safety: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 76, no. 789, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-013-0789-z.","productDescription":"16 p.","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052850","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280650,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Popocatépetl Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.0,15.0 ], [ -120.0,30.0 ], [ -80.0,30.0 ], [ -80.0,15.0 ], [ -120.0,15.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"76","issue":"789","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd64f7e4b0b290850ffc85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bonasia, Rosanna","contributorId":52481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonasia","given":"Rosanna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scaini, Chirara","contributorId":46867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scaini","given":"Chirara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Capra, Lucia","contributorId":77836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capra","given":"Lucia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nathenson, Manuel 0000-0002-5216-984X mnathnsn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5216-984X","contributorId":1358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nathenson","given":"Manuel","email":"mnathnsn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Siebe, Claus","contributorId":24121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siebe","given":"Claus","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Arana-Salinas, Lilia","contributorId":79793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arana-Salinas","given":"Lilia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Folch, Arnau","contributorId":76219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folch","given":"Arnau","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70168545,"text":"70168545 - 2013 - Insights into the latent multinomial model through mark-resight data on female grizzly bears with cubs-of-the-year","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-19T10:29:54","indexId":"70168545","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-01T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2151,"text":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Insights into the latent multinomial model through mark-resight data on female grizzly bears with cubs-of-the-year","docAbstract":"<p>Mark-resight designs for estimation of population abundance are common and attractive to researchers. However, inference from such designs is very limited when faced with sparse data, either from a low number of marked animals, a low probability of detection, or both. In the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, yearly mark-resight data are collected for female grizzly bears with cubs-of-the-year (FCOY), and inference suffers from both limitations. To overcome difficulties due to sparseness, we assume homogeneity in sighting probabilities over 16 years of bi-annual aerial surveys. We model counts of marked and unmarked animals as multinomial random variables, using the capture frequencies of marked animals for inference about the latent multinomial frequencies for unmarked animals. We discuss undesirable behavior of the commonly used discrete uniform prior distribution on the population size parameter and provide OpenBUGS code for fitting such models. The application provides valuable insights into subtleties of implementing Bayesian inference for latent multinomial models. We tie the discussion to our application, though the insights are broadly useful for applications of the latent multinomial model.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Biometric Society","publisherLocation":"Alexandria, VA","doi":"10.1007/s13253-013-0148-8","usgsCitation":"Higgs, M., Link, W.A., White, G.C., Haroldson, M.A., and Bjornlie, D., 2013, Insights into the latent multinomial model through mark-resight data on female grizzly bears with cubs-of-the-year: Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, v. 18, no. 4, p. 556-577, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13253-013-0148-8.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"556","endPage":"577","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-036679","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318168,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c84acae4b0b3c9ae38107f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Higgs, Megan D.","contributorId":14718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgs","given":"Megan D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Link, William A. 0000-0002-9913-0256 wlink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":146920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"William","email":"wlink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":66831,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haroldson, Mark A. 0000-0002-7457-7676 mharoldson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7457-7676","contributorId":1773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haroldson","given":"Mark","email":"mharoldson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bjornlie, Daniel D.","contributorId":145512,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bjornlie","given":"Daniel D.","affiliations":[{"id":16140,"text":"Wyoming Game & Fish Department, Large Carnivore Section, Lander, Wyoming 82520, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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