Secondary water quality impacts can result from a broad range of coupled reactions triggered by primary groundwater contaminants. Data from a crude-oil spill research site near Bemidji, MN provide an ideal test case for investigating the complex interactions controlling secondary impacts, including depleted dissolved oxygen and elevated organic carbon, inorganic carbon, CH4, Mn, Fe, and other dissolved ions. To better understand these secondary impacts, this study began with an extensive data compilation of various data types, comprising aqueous, sediment, gas, and oil phases, covering a 260 m cross-sectional domain over 30 years. Mass balance calculations are used to quantify pathways that control secondary components, by using the data to constrain the sources and sinks for the important redox processes. The results show that oil constituents other than BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-, m- and p-xylenes), including n-alkanes and other aromatic compounds, play significant roles in plume evolution and secondary water quality impacts. The analysis underscores previous results on the importance of non-aqueous phases. Over 99.9% of the Fe2+ plume is attenuated by immobilization on sediments as Fe(II) and 85–95% of the carbon biodegradation products are outgassed. Gaps identified in carbon and Fe mass balances and in pH buffering mechanisms are used to formulate a new conceptual model. This new model includes direct out-gassing of CH4 and CO2 from organic carbon biodegradation, dissolution of directly produced CO2, and sorption with H+ exchange to improve pH buffering. The identification of these mechanisms extends understanding of natural attenuation of potential secondary impacts at enhanced reductive dechlorination sites, particularly for reduced Fe plumes, produced CH4, and pH perturbations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.04.006","usgsCitation":"Ng, G., Bekins, B.A., Cozzarelli, I.M., Baedecker, M., Bennett, P.C., and Amos, R.T., 2014, A mass balance approach to investigating geochemical controls on secondary water quality impacts at a crude oil spill site near Bemidji, MN: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 164, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.04.006.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053326","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472841,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.04.006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":295516,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295484,"rank":1,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.04.006"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Bemidji","volume":"164","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5447759ae4b0f888a81b82e8","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.04.006","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.04.006","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Ng G.-H. Crystal, Bekins Barbara A., Cozzarelli Isabelle M., Baedecker Mary Jo, Bennett Philip C., Amos Richard T.","journalName":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","publicationDate":"8/2014","auditedOn":"7/24/2015","publiclyAccessibleDate":"5/24/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ng, Gene-Hua Crystal","contributorId":7212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ng","given":"Gene-Hua Crystal","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bekins, Barbara A. 0000-0002-1411-6018 babekins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-6018","contributorId":1348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"Barbara","email":"babekins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baedecker, Mary Jo","contributorId":68671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"Mary Jo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bennett, Philip C.","contributorId":30567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Amos, Richard T.","contributorId":69081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amos","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70129548,"text":"70129548 - 2014 - Major element and oxygen isotope geochemistry of vapour-phase garnet from the Topopah Spring Tuff at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-05T12:40:44","indexId":"70129548","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T09:41:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2748,"text":"Mineralogical Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Major element and oxygen isotope geochemistry of vapour-phase garnet from the Topopah Spring Tuff at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"Twenty vapour-phase garnets were studied in two samples of the Topopah Spring Tuff of the Paintbrush Group from Yucca Mountain, in southern Nevada. The Miocene-age Topopah Spring Tuff is a 350 m thick, devitrified, moderately to densely welded ash-flow tuff that is zoned compositionally from high-silica rhyolite to latite. During cooling of the tuff, escaping vapour produced lithophysae (former gas cavities) lined with an assemblage of tridymite (commonly inverted to cristobalite or quartz), sanidine and locally, hematite and/or garnet. Vapour-phase topaz and economic deposits associated commonly with topaz-bearing rhyolites (characteristically enriched in F) were not found in the Topopah Spring Tuff at Yucca Mountain. Based on their occurrence only in lithophysae, the garnets are not primary igneous phenocrysts, but rather crystals that grew from a F-poor magma-derived vapour trapped during and after emplacement of the tuff. The garnets are euhedral, vitreous, reddish brown, trapezohedral, as large as 2 mm in diameter and fractured. The garnets also contain inclusions of tridymite. Electron microprobe analyses of the garnets reveal that they are almandine-spessartine (48.0 and 47.9 mol.%, respectively), have an average composition of (Fe1.46Mn1.45Mg0.03Ca0.10)(Al1.93Ti0.02)Si3.01O12 and are comparatively homogeneous in Fe and Mn concentrations from core to rim. Composited garnets from each sample site have δ18O values of 7.2 and 7.4‰. The associated quartz (after tridymite) has δ18O values of 17.4 and 17.6‰, values indicative of reaction with later, low-temperature water. Unaltered tridymite from higher in the stratigraphic section has a δ18O of 11.1‰ which, when coupled with the garnet δ18O values in a quartz-garnet fractionation equation, indicates isotopic equilibration (vapour-phase crystallization) at temperatures of ~600°C. This high-temperature mineralization, formed during cooling of the tuffs, is distinct from the later and commonly recognized low-temperature stage (generally 50–70°C) of calcite, quartz and opal secondary mineralization, formed from downward-percolating meteoric water, that locally coats fracture footwalls and lithophysal floors.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineralogical Magazine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland","doi":"10.1180/minmag.2014.078.4.14","usgsCitation":"Moscati, R.J., and Johnson, C.A., 2014, Major element and oxygen isotope geochemistry of vapour-phase garnet from the Topopah Spring Tuff at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA: Mineralogical Magazine, v. 78, no. 4, p. 1029-1041, https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2014.078.4.14.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1029","endPage":"1041","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052493","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295710,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295658,"rank":1,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2014.078.4.14"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","volume":"78","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544b6a2ae4b03653c63fb1d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moscati, Richard J. 0000-0002-0818-4401 rmoscati@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0818-4401","contributorId":2462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moscati","given":"Richard","email":"rmoscati@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Craig A. 0000-0002-1334-2996 cjohnso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Craig","email":"cjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70099391,"text":"ofr20141063 - 2014 - Preliminary geologic map of the eastern Willapa Hills, Cowlitz, Lewis, and Wahkiakum Counties, Washington","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":47216,"text":"ofr81674 - 1981 - Geologic map of the eastern Willapa Hills, Cowlitz, Lewis, Pacific, and Wahkiakum counties, Washington","indexId":"ofr81674","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the eastern Willapa Hills, Cowlitz, Lewis, Pacific, and Wahkiakum counties, Washington"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70099391,"text":"ofr20141063 - 2014 - Preliminary geologic map of the eastern Willapa Hills, Cowlitz, Lewis, and Wahkiakum Counties, Washington","indexId":"ofr20141063","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary geologic map of the eastern Willapa Hills, Cowlitz, Lewis, and Wahkiakum Counties, Washington"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-26T15:23:05.59424","indexId":"ofr20141063","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T08:52:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1063","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the eastern Willapa Hills, Cowlitz, Lewis, and Wahkiakum Counties, Washington","docAbstract":"This digital map database and the PDF derived from the database were created from the analog geologic map: Wells, R.E. (1981), “Geologic map of the eastern Willapa Hills, Cowlitz, Lewis, and Wahkiakum Counties, Washington.” The geodatabase replicates the geologic mapping of the 1981 report with minor exceptions along water boundaries and also along the north and south map boundaries. Slight adjustments to contacts along water boundaries were made to correct differences between the topographic base map used in the 1981 compilation (analog USGS 15-minute series quadrangle maps at 1:62,500 scale) and the base map used for this digital compilation (scanned USGS 7.5-minute series quadrangle maps at 1:24,000 scale). These minor adjustments, however, did not materially alter the geologic map. No new field mapping was performed to create this digital map database, and no attempt was made to fit geologic contacts to the new 1:24,000 topographic base, except as noted above. We corrected typographical errors, formatting errors, and attribution errors (for example, the name change of Goble Volcanics to Grays River Volcanics following current State of Washington usage; Walsh and others, 1987). We also updated selected references, substituted published papers for abstracts, and cited published radiometric ages for the volcanic and plutonic rocks. The reader is referred to Magill and others (1982), Wells and Coe (1985), Walsh and others (1987), Moothart (1993), Payne (1998), Kleibacker (2001), McCutcheon (2003), Wells and others (2009), Chan and others (2012), and Wells and others (in press) for subsequent interpretations of the Willapa Hills geology.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141063","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Washington Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geology and Earth Resources","usgsCitation":"Wells, R., and Sawlan, M.G., 2014, Preliminary geologic map of the eastern Willapa Hills, Cowlitz, Lewis, and Wahkiakum Counties, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1063, 2 Sheets: 33.36 x 51.01 inches and 31.54 and 33.49 inches; Database; Shape Files; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141063.","productDescription":"2 Sheets: 33.36 x 51.01 inches and 31.54 and 33.49 inches; Database; Shape Files; Metadata","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-053867","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291508,"rank":6,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1063/downloads/ofr2014-1063_shp.zip"},{"id":291506,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1063/pdf/ofr2014-1063_sheet2.pdf"},{"id":291510,"rank":7,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141063.jpg"},{"id":398954,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_100480.htm"},{"id":291501,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1063/"},{"id":291505,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1063/pdf/ofr2014-1063_sheet1.pdf"},{"id":291509,"rank":3,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1063/downloads/metadata/"},{"id":291507,"rank":1,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1063/downloads/ofr2014-1063_db.zip"}],"scale":"50000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Cowlitz County, Lewis County, Wahkiakum County","otherGeospatial":"Willapa Hills","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.5,46.1425 ], [ -123.5,46.636944 ], [ -123.0,46.636944 ], [ -123.0,46.1425 ], [ -123.5,46.1425 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53dc9bafe4b076157862d964","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, Ray E. 0000-0002-7796-0160 rwells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":2692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Ray E.","email":"rwells@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sawlan, Michael G. 0000-0003-0637-2051 msawlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0637-2051","contributorId":2291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawlan","given":"Michael","email":"msawlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70118652,"text":"70118652 - 2014 - Emplacement and erosive effects of the south Kasei Valles lava on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-08T16:14:33","indexId":"70118652","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T08:43:21","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Emplacement and erosive effects of the south Kasei Valles lava on Mars","docAbstract":"Although it has generally been accepted that the Martian outflow channels were carved by floods of water, observations of large channels on Venus and Mercury demonstrate that lava flows can cause substantial erosion. Recent observations of large lava flows within outflow channels on Mars have revived discussion of the hypothesis that the Martian channels are also produced by lava. An excellent example is found in south Kasei Valles (SKV), where the most recent major event was emplacement of a large lava flow. Calculations using high-resolution Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) demonstrate that this flow was locally turbulent, similar to a previously described flood lava flow in Athabasca Valles. The modeled peak local flux of approximately 106 m3 s−1 was approximately an order of magnitude lower than that in Athabasca, which may be due to distance from the vent. Fluxes close to 107 m3 s−1 are estimated in some reaches but these values are probably records of local surges caused by a dam-breach event within the flow. The SKV lava was locally erosive and likely caused significant (kilometer-scale) headwall retreat at several cataracts with tens to hundreds of meters of relief. However, in other places the net effect of the flow was unambiguously aggradational, and these are more representative of most of the flow. The larger outflow channels have lengths of thousands of kilometers and incision of a kilometer or more. Therefore, lava flows comparable to the SKV flow did not carve the major Martian outflow channels, although the SKV flow was among the largest and highest-flux lava flows known in the Solar System.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.06.005","usgsCitation":"Dundas, C.M., and Keszthelyi, L., 2014, Emplacement and erosive effects of the south Kasei Valles lava on Mars: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 282, p. 92-102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.06.005.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"92","endPage":"102","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-053692","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291369,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Kasei Valley, Mars","volume":"282","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53dc9baee4b076157862d961","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dundas, Colin M. 0000-0003-2343-7224 cdundas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-7224","contributorId":2937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dundas","given":"Colin","email":"cdundas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":52802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo P.","email":"laz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70118141,"text":"ofr20141163 - 2014 - Spatially explicit modeling of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) habitat in Nevada and northeastern California: a decision-support tool for management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-01T08:43:10","indexId":"ofr20141163","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T08:22:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1163","title":"Spatially explicit modeling of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) habitat in Nevada and northeastern California: a decision-support tool for management","docAbstract":"Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus, hereafter referred to as “sage-grouse”) populations are declining throughout the sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystem, including millions of acres of potential habitat across the West. Habitat maps derived from empirical data are needed given impending listing decisions that will affect both sage-grouse population dynamics and human land-use restrictions. This report presents the process for developing spatially explicit maps describing relative habitat suitability for sage-grouse in Nevada and northeastern California. Maps depicting habitat suitability indices (HSI) values were generated based on model-averaged resource selection functions informed by more than 31,000 independent telemetry locations from more than 1,500 radio-marked sage-grouse across 12 project areas in Nevada and northeastern California collected during a 15-year period (1998–2013). Modeled habitat covariates included land cover composition, water resources, habitat configuration, elevation, and topography, each at multiple spatial scales that were relevant to empirically observed sage-grouse movement patterns. We then present an example of how the HSI can be delineated into categories. Specifically, we demonstrate that the deviation from the mean can be used to classify habitat suitability into three categories of habitat quality (high, moderate, and low) and one non-habitat category. The classification resulted in an agreement of 93–97 percent for habitat versus non-habitat across a suite of independent validation datasets. Lastly, we provide an example of how space use models can be integrated with habitat models to help inform conservation planning. In this example, we combined probabilistic breeding density with a non-linear probability of occurrence relative to distance to nearest lek (traditional breeding ground) using count data to calculate a composite space use index (SUI). The SUI was then classified into two categories of use (high and low-to-no) and intersected with the HSI categories to create potential management prioritization scenarios based oninformation about sage-grouse occupancy coupled with habitat suitability. This provided an example of a conservation planning application that uses the intersection of the spatially-explicit HSI and empirically-based SUI to identify potential spatially explicit strategies for sage-grouse management. Importantly, the reported categories for the HSI and SUI can be reclassified relatively easily to employ alternative conservation thresholds that may be identified through decision-making processes with stake-holders, managers, and biologists. Moreover, the HSI/SUI interface map can be updated readily as new data become available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141163","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Nevada Sagebrush Ecosystem Program, Bureau of Land Management, Nevada Department of Wildlife, and California Department of Fish and Wildlife","usgsCitation":"Coates, P.S., Casazza, M.L., Brussee, B.E., Ricca, M., Gustafson, K., Overton, C.T., Sanchez-Chopitea, E., Kroger, T., Mauch, K., Niell, L., Howe, K., Gardner, S., Espinosa, S., and Delehanty, D.J., 2014, Spatially explicit modeling of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) habitat in Nevada and northeastern California: a decision-support tool for management: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1163, vi, 83 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141163.","productDescription":"vi, 83 p.","numberOfPages":"93","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-058087","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P99E64Y4","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Spatially Explicit Modeling of Annual and Seasonal Habitat for Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in Northeastern California"},{"id":291503,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141163.jpg"},{"id":291499,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1163/"},{"id":291502,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1163/pdf/ofr2014-1163.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.0,35.0 ], [ -122.0,42.0 ], [ -114.04,42.0 ], [ -114.04,35.0 ], [ -122.0,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53dc9bafe4b076157862d968","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coates, Peter S. 0000-0003-2672-9994 pcoates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-9994","contributorId":3263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Peter","email":"pcoates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brussee, Brianne E. 0000-0002-2452-7101 bbrussee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2452-7101","contributorId":4249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brussee","given":"Brianne","email":"bbrussee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ricca, Mark A.","contributorId":39736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ricca","given":"Mark A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gustafson, K. Benjamin","contributorId":53710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustafson","given":"K. Benjamin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Overton, Cory T. 0000-0002-5060-7447 coverton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-7447","contributorId":3262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overton","given":"Cory","email":"coverton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sanchez-Chopitea, Erika","contributorId":23462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanchez-Chopitea","given":"Erika","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kroger, Travis","contributorId":38483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroger","given":"Travis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mauch, Kimberly","contributorId":91796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mauch","given":"Kimberly","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Niell, Lara","contributorId":30557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niell","given":"Lara","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Howe, Kristy","contributorId":79815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"Kristy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Gardner, Scott","contributorId":82627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Espinosa, Shawn","contributorId":20253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Espinosa","given":"Shawn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Delehanty, David J.","contributorId":80811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delehanty","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70192716,"text":"70192716 - 2014 - The implications of microbial and substrate limitation for the fates of carbon in different organic soil horizon types of boreal forest ecosystems: a mechanistically based model analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T14:24:16","indexId":"70192716","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1011,"text":"Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The implications of microbial and substrate limitation for the fates of carbon in different organic soil horizon types of boreal forest ecosystems: a mechanistically based model analysis","docAbstract":"The large amount of soil carbon in boreal forest ecosystems has the potential to influence the climate system if released in large quantities in response to warming. Thus, there is a need to better understand and represent the environmental sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition. Most soil carbon decomposition models rely on empirical relationships omitting key biogeochemical mechanisms and their response to climate change is highly uncertain. In this study, we developed a multi-layer microbial explicit soil decomposition model framework for boreal forest ecosystems. A thorough sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify dominating biogeochemical processes and to highlight structural limitations. Our results indicate that substrate availability (limited by soil water diffusion and substrate quality) is likely to be a major constraint on soil decomposition in the fibrous horizon (40–60% of soil organic carbon (SOC) pool size variation), while energy limited microbial activity in the amorphous horizon exerts a predominant control on soil decomposition (>70% of SOC pool size variation). Elevated temperature alleviated the energy constraint of microbial activity most notably in amorphous soils, whereas moisture only exhibited a marginal effect on dissolved substrate supply and microbial activity. Our study highlights the different decomposition properties and underlying mechanisms of soil dynamics between fibrous and amorphous soil horizons. Soil decomposition models should consider explicitly representing different boreal soil horizons and soil–microbial interactions to better characterize biogeochemical processes in boreal forest ecosystems. A more comprehensive representation of critical biogeochemical mechanisms of soil moisture effects may be required to improve the performance of the soil model we analyzed in this study.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/bg-11-4477-2014","usgsCitation":"He, Y., Zhuang, Q., Harden, J.W., McGuire, A.D., Fan, Z., Liu, Y., and Wickland, K.P., 2014, The implications of microbial and substrate limitation for the fates of carbon in different organic soil horizon types of boreal forest ecosystems: a mechanistically based model analysis: Biogeosciences, v. 11, p. 4477-4491, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4477-2014.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"4477","endPage":"4491","ipdsId":"IP-052014","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4477-2014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348471,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0425c6e4b0dc0b45b45421","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"He, Y.","contributorId":23319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhuang, Q.","contributorId":40772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhuang","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGuire, A. David 0000-0003-4646-0750 ffadm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4646-0750","contributorId":166708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A.","email":"ffadm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fan, Z.","contributorId":31211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fan","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liu, Y.","contributorId":127400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6940,"text":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wickland, Kimberly P. 0000-0002-6400-0590 kpwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-0590","contributorId":1835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickland","given":"Kimberly","email":"kpwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70154771,"text":"70154771 - 2014 - Bile salts as semiochemicals in fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-30T13:46:38","indexId":"70154771","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5447,"text":"Chemical Senses","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bile salts as semiochemicals in fish","docAbstract":"Bile salts are potent olfactory stimuli in fishes; however the biological functions driving such sensitivity remain poorly understood. We provide an integrative review of bile salts as semiochemicals in fish. First, we present characteristics of bile salt structure, metabolism, and function that are particularly relevant to chemical communication. Bile salts display a systematic pattern of structural variation across taxa, are efficiently synthesized, and are stable in the environment. Bile salts are released into the water via the intestine, urinary tract, or gills, and are highly water soluble. Second, we consider the potential role of bile salts as semiochemicals in the contexts of detecting nearby fish, foraging, assessing risk, migrating, and spawning. Lastly, we suggest future studies on bile salts as semiochemicals further characterize release into the environment, behavioral responses by receivers, and directly test the biological contexts underlying olfactory sensitivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Journals","doi":"10.1093/chemse/bju039","usgsCitation":"Buchinger, T.J., Li, W., and Johnson, N.S., 2014, Bile salts as semiochemicals in fish: Chemical Senses, v. 39, no. 8, p. 647-654, https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bju039.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"647","endPage":"654","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056316","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bju039","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":305578,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5597b22ae4b021e11ea672e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchinger, Tyler J.","contributorId":40508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchinger","given":"Tyler","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, Weiming","contributorId":65440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Weiming","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas S. 0000-0002-7419-6013 njohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-6013","contributorId":597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas","email":"njohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70133239,"text":"70133239 - 2014 - Hierarchical model analysis of the Atlantic Flyway Breeding Waterfowl Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-14T13:19:24","indexId":"70133239","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hierarchical model analysis of the Atlantic Flyway Breeding Waterfowl Survey","docAbstract":"We used log-linear hierarchical models to analyze data from the Atlantic Flyway Breeding Waterfowl Survey. The survey has been conducted by state biologists each year since 1989 in the northeastern United States from Virginia north to New Hampshire and Vermont. Although yearly population estimates from the survey are used by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service for estimating regional waterfowl population status for mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), black ducks (Anas rubripes), wood ducks (Aix sponsa), and Canada geese (Branta canadensis), they are not routinely adjusted to control for time of day effects and other survey design issues. The hierarchical model analysis permits estimation of year effects and population change while accommodating the repeated sampling of plots and controlling for time of day effects in counting. We compared population estimates from the current stratified random sample analysis to population estimates from hierarchical models with alternative model structures that describe year to year changes as random year effects, a trend with random year effects, or year effects modeled as 1-year differences. Patterns of population change from the hierarchical model results generally were similar to the patterns described by stratified random sample estimates, but significant visibility differences occurred between twilight to midday counts in all species. Controlling for the effects of time of day resulted in larger population estimates for all species in the hierarchical model analysis relative to the stratified random sample analysis. The hierarchical models also provided a convenient means of estimating population trend as derived statistics from the analysis. We detected significant declines in mallard and American black ducks and significant increases in wood ducks and Canada geese, a trend that had not been significant for 3 of these 4 species in the prior analysis. We recommend using hierarchical models for analysis of the Atlantic Flyway Breeding Waterfowl Survey.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.748","usgsCitation":"Sauer, J., Zimmerman, G.S., Klimstra, J.D., and Link, W., 2014, Hierarchical model analysis of the Atlantic Flyway Breeding Waterfowl Survey: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 78, no. 6, p. 1050-1059, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.748.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1050","endPage":"1059","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056345","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296095,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546727b7e4b04d4b7dbde84d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sauer, John R. jrsauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John R.","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":524947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zimmerman, Guthrie S.","contributorId":42473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Guthrie","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":524949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klimstra, Jon D.","contributorId":6985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klimstra","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":524950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Link, William A. wlink@usgs.gov","contributorId":3465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"William A.","email":"wlink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":524948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70155237,"text":"70155237 - 2014 - Integrated assessment of runoff from livestock farming operations: analytical chemistry, in vitro bioassays, and in vivo fish exposures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:01:45","indexId":"70155237","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated assessment of runoff from livestock farming operations: analytical chemistry, in vitro bioassays, and in vivo fish exposures","docAbstract":"Animal waste from livestock farming operations can contain varying levels of natural and synthetic androgens and/or estrogens, which can contaminate surrounding waterways. In the present study, surface stream water was collected from 6 basins containing livestock farming operations. Aqueous concentrations of 12 hormones were determined via chemical analyses. Relative androgenic and estrogenic activity was measured using in vitro cell assays (MDA-kb2 and T47D-Kbluc assays, respectively). In parallel, 48-h static-renewal in vivo exposures were conducted to examine potential endocrine-disrupting effects in fathead minnows. Mature fish were exposed to surface water dilutions (0%, 25%, 50%, and 100%) and 10-ng/L of 17α-ethynylestradiol or 50-ng/L of 17β-trenbolone as positive controls. Hepatic expression of vitellogenin and estrogen receptor α mRNA, gonadal ex vivo testosterone and 17β-estradiol production, and plasma vitellogenin concentrations were examined. Potentially estrogenic and androgenic steroids were detected at low nanogram per liter concentrations. In vitro estrogenic activity was detected in all samples, whereas androgenic activity was detected in only 1 sample. In vivo exposures to the surface water had no significant dose-dependent effect on any of the biological endpoints, with the exception of increased male testosterone production in 1 exposure. The present study, which combines analytical chemistry measurements, in vitro bioassays, and in vivo fish exposures, highlights the integrated value and future use of a combination of techniques to obtain a comprehensive characterization of an environmental chemical mixture.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.2627","usgsCitation":"Cavallin, J.E., Durhan, E.J., Evans, N., Jensen, K.M., Kahl, M.D., Kolpin, D.W., Kolodziej, E., Foreman, W.T., LaLone, C.A., Makynen, E.A., Seidl, S.M., Thomas, L., Villeneuve, D.L., Weberg, M.A., Wilson, V., and Ankley, G., 2014, Integrated assessment of runoff from livestock farming operations: analytical chemistry, in vitro bioassays, and in vivo fish exposures: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 33, no. 8, p. 1849-1857, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2627.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1849","endPage":"1857","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053025","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306441,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Iowa, Kentucky, New York, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.14257812499999,\n 32.99023555965106\n ],\n [\n -91.14257812499999,\n 33.669496972795535\n ],\n [\n -90.59326171875,\n 34.415973384481866\n ],\n [\n -90.2197265625,\n 35.10193405724606\n ],\n [\n -89.736328125,\n 36.049098959065645\n ],\n [\n -90.37353515625,\n 36.049098959065645\n ],\n [\n -90.02197265625,\n 36.38591277287651\n ],\n [\n -90.15380859375,\n 36.50963615733049\n ],\n [\n -94.63623046875,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n -94.482421875,\n 35.42486791930558\n ],\n [\n -94.46044921875,\n 33.61461929233378\n ],\n [\n -94.130859375,\n 33.55970664841198\n ],\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 33.00866349457558\n ],\n [\n -91.14257812499999,\n 32.99023555965106\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.40625,\n 40.38002840251183\n ],\n [\n -91.25244140624999,\n 40.6306300839918\n ],\n [\n -90.9228515625,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -91.0546875,\n 41.343824581185686\n ],\n [\n -90.90087890624999,\n 41.44272637767212\n ],\n [\n -90.46142578125,\n 41.55792157780418\n ],\n [\n -90.1318359375,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -90.72509765625,\n 42.69858589169842\n ],\n [\n -91.0546875,\n 42.779275360241904\n ],\n [\n -91.12060546875,\n 43.11702412135048\n ],\n [\n -91.03271484375,\n 43.32517767999296\n ],\n [\n -91.23046875,\n 43.51668853502909\n ],\n [\n -96.65771484375,\n 43.51668853502909\n ],\n [\n -96.52587890625,\n 43.100982876188546\n ],\n [\n -96.6796875,\n 42.74701217318067\n ],\n [\n -96.064453125,\n 41.475660200278234\n ],\n [\n -95.888671875,\n 40.697299008636755\n ],\n [\n -95.73486328124999,\n 40.54720023441049\n ],\n [\n -91.7578125,\n 40.6306300839918\n ],\n [\n -91.40625,\n 40.38002840251183\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.64990234375,\n 36.58024660149866\n ],\n [\n -82.02392578125,\n 37.52715361723378\n ],\n [\n -82.628173828125,\n 38.1777509666256\n ],\n [\n -82.584228515625,\n 38.436379603\n ],\n [\n -82.90283203125,\n 38.736946065676\n ],\n [\n -83.232421875,\n 38.685509760012\n ],\n [\n -83.73779296875,\n 38.70265930723801\n ],\n [\n -83.924560546875,\n 38.839707613545144\n ],\n [\n -84.48486328124999,\n 39.16414104768742\n ],\n [\n -84.90234375,\n 39.138581990583525\n ],\n [\n -84.90234375,\n 38.95940879245423\n ],\n [\n -84.88037109375,\n 38.81403111409755\n ],\n [\n -85.23193359375,\n 38.71980474264239\n ],\n [\n -85.4736328125,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -85.53955078125,\n 38.496593518947556\n ],\n [\n -85.9130859375,\n 38.272688535980976\n ],\n [\n -86.06689453125,\n 38.048091067457236\n ],\n [\n -86.396484375,\n 38.20365531807149\n ],\n [\n -86.6162109375,\n 37.89219554724437\n ],\n [\n -86.85791015625,\n 38.06539235133249\n ],\n [\n -87.099609375,\n 37.85750715625203\n ],\n [\n -87.451171875,\n 37.96152331396616\n ],\n [\n -87.62695312499999,\n 37.883524980871336\n ],\n [\n -87.967529296875,\n 37.92686760148135\n ],\n [\n -88.033447265625,\n 37.814123701604466\n ],\n [\n -88.17626953125,\n 37.64903402157866\n ],\n [\n -88.11035156249999,\n 37.501010429493284\n ],\n [\n -88.494873046875,\n 37.42252593456307\n ],\n [\n -88.4619140625,\n 37.1165261849112\n ],\n [\n -89.01123046875,\n 37.24782120155428\n ],\n [\n -89.27490234375,\n 37.03763967977139\n ],\n [\n -89.18701171875,\n 36.87962060502676\n ],\n [\n -89.27490234375,\n 36.54494944148322\n ],\n [\n -89.58251953125,\n 36.4566360115962\n ],\n [\n -88.04443359375,\n 36.54494944148322\n ],\n [\n -88.04443359375,\n 36.65079252503471\n ],\n [\n -83.64990234375,\n 36.58024660149866\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.9110107421875,\n 41.054501963290505\n ],\n [\n -73.3447265625,\n 40.6306300839918\n ],\n [\n -74.058837890625,\n 40.60144147645398\n ],\n [\n -74.0478515625,\n 40.772221877329024\n ],\n [\n -73.89404296875,\n 40.9964840143779\n ],\n [\n -74.696044921875,\n 41.364441530542244\n ],\n [\n -74.7564697265625,\n 41.44272637767212\n ],\n [\n -75.003662109375,\n 41.50034959128928\n ],\n [\n -75.08056640625,\n 41.84910468610387\n ],\n [\n -75.377197265625,\n 41.9921602333763\n ],\n [\n -79.78271484375,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -79.78271484375,\n 42.24478535602799\n ],\n [\n -78.85986328125,\n 42.79540065303723\n ],\n [\n -79.03564453124999,\n 43.24520272203356\n ],\n [\n -78.75,\n 43.37311218382002\n ],\n [\n -77.82714843749999,\n 43.42100882994726\n ],\n [\n -77.47558593749999,\n 43.24520272203356\n ],\n [\n -76.201171875,\n 43.56447158721811\n ],\n [\n -76.26708984375,\n 44.308126684886126\n ],\n [\n -74.90478515625,\n 45.058001435398296\n ],\n [\n -73.41064453125,\n 45.02695045318546\n ],\n [\n -73.36669921875,\n 44.574817404670306\n ],\n [\n -73.41064453125,\n 43.628123412124616\n ],\n [\n -73.27880859375,\n 43.54854811091288\n ],\n [\n -73.27880859375,\n 42.74701217318067\n ],\n [\n -73.49853515625,\n 42.08191667830631\n ],\n [\n -73.58642578125,\n 41.29431726315258\n ],\n [\n -73.32275390625,\n 41.1455697310095\n ],\n [\n -73.740234375,\n 40.94671366508002\n ],\n [\n -73.71826171874999,\n 40.830436877649255\n ],\n [\n -73.41064453125,\n 40.93011520598305\n ],\n [\n -72.35595703125,\n 41.178653972331695\n ],\n [\n -71.9110107421875,\n 41.054501963290505\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.81372070312499,\n 42.48830197960227\n ],\n [\n -87.7587890625,\n 42.779275360241904\n ],\n [\n -87.923583984375,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -87.703857421875,\n 43.75522505306928\n ],\n [\n -87.681884765625,\n 44.01652134387754\n ],\n [\n -87.47314453125,\n 44.2294565683017\n ],\n [\n -86.8798828125,\n 45.36758436884978\n ],\n [\n -87.4951171875,\n 44.98034238084973\n ],\n [\n -88.00048828124999,\n 44.574817404670306\n ],\n [\n -87.802734375,\n 44.98034238084973\n ],\n [\n -87.60498046875,\n 45.213003555993964\n ],\n [\n -88.04443359375,\n 45.90529985724796\n ],\n [\n -88.9892578125,\n 46.13417004624326\n ],\n [\n -90.06591796875,\n 46.36209301204985\n ],\n [\n -90.50537109375,\n 46.649436163350245\n ],\n [\n -90.9228515625,\n 46.649436163350245\n ],\n [\n -90.72509765625,\n 47.025206001585396\n ],\n [\n -91.23046875,\n 46.90524554642923\n ],\n [\n -91.86767578124999,\n 46.72480037466717\n ],\n [\n -92.10937499999999,\n 46.76996843356982\n ],\n [\n -92.30712890625,\n 46.6795944656402\n ],\n [\n -92.3291015625,\n 46.07323062540838\n ],\n [\n -92.63671875,\n 45.9511496866914\n ],\n [\n -93.01025390625,\n 45.644768217751924\n ],\n [\n -92.6806640625,\n 45.413876460821086\n ],\n [\n -92.79052734375,\n 45.058001435398296\n ],\n [\n -92.83447265624999,\n 44.77793589631623\n ],\n [\n -92.59277343749999,\n 44.574817404670306\n ],\n [\n -92.3291015625,\n 44.512176171071054\n ],\n [\n -91.86767578124999,\n 44.213709909702054\n ],\n [\n -91.25244140624999,\n 43.8186748554532\n ],\n [\n -91.25244140624999,\n 43.50075243569041\n ],\n [\n -91.01074218749999,\n 43.30919109985686\n ],\n [\n -91.12060546875,\n 42.779275360241904\n ],\n [\n -90.72509765625,\n 42.71473218539458\n ],\n [\n -90.615234375,\n 42.52069952914966\n ],\n [\n -87.81372070312499,\n 42.48830197960227\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c333aee4b033ef52106a98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cavallin, Jenna E.","contributorId":146304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cavallin","given":"Jenna","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Durhan, Elizabeth J.","contributorId":146305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Durhan","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, Nicola","contributorId":61735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Nicola","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jensen, Kathleen M.","contributorId":84492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kahl, Michael D.","contributorId":146306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kahl","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kolodziej, Edward","contributorId":146307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kolodziej","given":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Foreman, William T. wforeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":139976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"William","email":"wforeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":567374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"LaLone, Carlie A.","contributorId":146308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LaLone","given":"Carlie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Makynen, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":146309,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Makynen","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Seidl, Sara M.","contributorId":146310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seidl","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Thomas, Linnea M.","contributorId":146311,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"Linnea M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Villeneuve, Daniel L.","contributorId":32091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Villeneuve","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13485,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Weberg, Matthew A.","contributorId":146312,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weberg","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Wilson, Vickie S.","contributorId":101551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Vickie S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Ankley, Gerald T.","contributorId":67382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ankley","given":"Gerald T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70114248,"text":"ofr20141130 - 2014 - Coastal circulation and water-column properties in the War in the Pacific National Historical Park, Guam: measurements and modeling of waves, currents, temperature, salinity, and turbidity, April-August 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-31T15:53:02","indexId":"ofr20141130","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-31T15:44:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1130","title":"Coastal circulation and water-column properties in the War in the Pacific National Historical Park, Guam: measurements and modeling of waves, currents, temperature, salinity, and turbidity, April-August 2012","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center (PCMSC) initiated an investigation in the National Park Service’s (NPS) War in the Pacific National Historical Park (WAPA) to provide baseline scientific information on coastal circulation and water-column properties along west-central Guam, focusing on WAPA’s Agat Unit, as it relates to the transport and settlement of coral larvae, fish, and other marine organisms. The oceanographic data and numerical circulation modeling results from this study demonstrate that circulation in Agat Bay was strongly driven by winds and waves at longer (>1 day) timescales and by the tides at shorter (<1 day) timescales; near-surface currents in deep water were primarily controlled by the winds, whereas currents on the shallow reef flats were dominated by wave-driven motions. Water-column properties exhibited strong seasonality coupled to the shift from the trade wind to the non-trade wind season. During the dry trade-wind season, waters were cooler and more saline. When the winds shifted to a more variable pattern, waters warmed and became less saline because of a combination of increased thermal insolation from lack of wind forcing and higher rainfall. Turbidity was relatively low in Agat Bay and was similar to levels measured elsewhere along west-central Guam. The numerical circulation modeling results provide insight into the potential paths of buoyant material released from a series of locations along west-central Guam under summer non-trade wind forcing conditions that characterize coral spawning events. This information may be useful in evaluating the potential zones of influence/impact resulting from transport by surface currents of material released from these select locations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141130","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., Cheriton, O., Lescinski, J.M., and Logan, J., 2014, Coastal circulation and water-column properties in the War in the Pacific National Historical Park, Guam: measurements and modeling of waves, currents, temperature, salinity, and turbidity, April-August 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1130, vi, 104 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141130.","productDescription":"vi, 104 p.","numberOfPages":"112","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-04-01","temporalEnd":"2012-08-31","ipdsId":"IP-052524","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291498,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141130.jpg"},{"id":291496,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1130/"},{"id":291497,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1130/pdf/ofr2014-1130.pdf"}],"country":"Guam","otherGeospatial":"Agat Bay;War In The Pacific National Historical Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 144.618381,13.229648 ], [ 144.618381,13.654225 ], [ 144.956536,13.654225 ], [ 144.956536,13.229648 ], [ 144.618381,13.229648 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53db4a39e4b0fba533f99624","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":77889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheriton, Olivia M. 0000-0003-3011-9136","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3011-9136","contributorId":7630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheriton","given":"Olivia M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lescinski, Jamie M.R.","contributorId":93579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lescinski","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Logan, Joshua B.","contributorId":34470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"Joshua B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70101466,"text":"sir20145041 - 2014 - Synthesis of studies in the fall low-salinity zone of the San Francisco Estuary, September-December 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T11:26:53","indexId":"sir20145041","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-31T08:29:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5041","title":"Synthesis of studies in the fall low-salinity zone of the San Francisco Estuary, September-December 2011","docAbstract":"In fall 2011, a large-scale investigation (fall low-salinity habitat investigation) was implemented by the Bureau of Reclamation in cooperation with the Interagency Ecological Program to explore hypotheses about the ecological role of low-salinity habitat in the San Francisco Estuary—specifically, hypotheses about the importance of fall low-salinity habitat to the biology of delta smelt Hypomesus transpacificus, a species endemic to the San Francisco Estuary and listed as threatened or endangered under federal and state endangered species legislation. The Interagency Ecological Program is a consortium of 10 agencies that work together to develop a better understanding of the ecology of the Estuary and the effects of the State Water Project and Federal Central Valley Project operations on the physical, chemical, and biological conditions of the San Francisco Estuary. The fall low-salinity habitat investigation constitutes one of the actions stipulated in the Reasonable and Prudent Alternative issued with the 2008 Biological Opinion of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, which called for adaptive management of fall Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta outflow following “wet” and “above normal” water years to alleviate jeopardy to delta smelt and adverse modification of delta smelt critical habitat. The basic hypothesis of the adaptive management of fall low-salinity habitat is that greater outflows move the low-salinity zone (salinity 1–6), an important component of delta smelt habitat, westward and that moving the low-salinity zone westward of its position in the fall of recent years will benefit delta smelt, although the specific mechanisms providing such benefit are uncertain. An adaptive management plan was prepared to guide implementation of the adaptive management of fall low-salinity habitat and to reduce uncertainty.
\nThis report has three major objectives:
\n• To provide a summary of the results from the first year of coordinated fall low-salinity habitat studies and monitoring.
\n• To provide a synthesis of the results of the fall low-salinity habitat studies and other ongoing research and monitoring, to determine if the available information supports the hypotheses behind the adaptive management of fall low-salinity habitat as set forth in the adaptive management plan.
\n• To begin to put the results from the fall low-salinity habitat studies into context within the larger body of knowledge regarding the San Francisco Estuary and, in particular, the upper San Francisco Estuary, including the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, Suisun Bay, and associated embayments.
The basic approach of this report is to evaluate predictions derived from the hypotheses included in the conceptual model developed within the adaptive management plan. All available data from studies and monitoring conducted in fall 2011 and similar data from fall 2006, which was the most recent wet year preceding 2011, were considered. Data from 2005 and 2010 were also considered, to include the conditions antecedent to those years.
\nMany of the predictions either could not be evaluated with the data available, or the needed data were not collected. Most of the predictions that could be addressed involved either the abiotic habitat components (that is, the physical environment) or delta smelt responses. In general, the fall low-salinity habitat investigation has been largely inconclusive as of the writing of this report. This is not to be unexpected in the first year of what is intended to be a multi-year adaptive-management effort. This report can be viewed as the first chapter of a “living document” that is to be continually updated as part of the adaptive management cycle. The results of this report, especially predictions with insufficient data for evaluation, indicate a number of science-based approaches to improve the fall low-salinity habitat investigations:
\n• Develop a method of measuring “hydrodynamic complexity.” This concept is central to a number of the predictions that could not be evaluated.
\n• Determine if wind speed warrants a stand-alone prediction. The wind-speed prediction is directly related to the turbidity predictions, and wind is only one of several factors important for determining turbidity.
\n• Determine the correct spatial and temporal scale or scales necessary for monitoring and for studies to address the predicted abiotic and biotic responses. Many of the assessments in this report were based on monthly sampling of dynamic habitat components, such as phytoplankton and zooplankton populations, that can change on daily scales.
\n• Address the nutrient predictions as part of developing a phytoplankton production model that includes nutrient cycling and other important processes, if feasible. At a minimum develop a mechanistic conceptual model to support more processed-based interpretations of data or design of new studies, rather than making simple predictions of increase or decrease.
\n• Determine if studies of predation rates are feasible in areas where there are delta smelt.
Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGoM) loggerheads (Caretta caretta) make up one of the smallest subpopulations of this threatened species and have declining nest numbers. We used satellite telemetry and a switching state-space model to identify distinct foraging areas used by 59 NGoM loggerheads tagged during 2010–2013. We tagged turtles after nesting at three sites, 1 in Alabama (Gulf Shores; n = 37) and 2 in Florida (St. Joseph Peninsula; n = 20 and Eglin Air Force Base; n = 2). Peak migration time was 22 July to 9 August during which >40% of turtles were in migration mode; the mean post-nesting migration period was 23.0 d (±13.8 d SD). After displacement from nesting beaches, 44 turtles traveled to foraging sites where they remained resident throughout tracking durations. Selected foraging locations were variable distances from tagging sites, and in 5 geographic regions; no turtles selected foraging sites outside the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Foraging sites delineated using 50% kernel density estimation were located a mean distance of 47.6 km from land and in water with mean depth of −32.5 m; other foraging sites, delineated using minimum convex polygons, were located a mean distance of 43.0 km from land and in water with a mean depth of −24.9 m. Foraging sites overlapped with known trawling activities, oil and gas extraction activities, and the footprint of surface oiling during the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill (n = 10). Our results highlight the year-round use of habitats in the GoM by loggerheads that nest in the NGoM. Our findings indicate that protection of females in this subpopulation requires both international collaborations and management of threats that spatially overlap with distinct foraging habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0103453","usgsCitation":"Hart, K.M., Lamont, M.M., Sartain-Iverson, A.R., and Fujisaki, I., 2014, Migration, foraging, and residency patterns for Northern Gulf loggerheads: implications of local threats and international movements: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 7, e103453; 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103453.","productDescription":"e103453; 20 p.","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055204","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103453","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297494,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.966796875,\n 25.958044673317843\n ],\n [\n -90.966796875,\n 30.770159115784214\n ],\n [\n -81.8701171875,\n 30.770159115784214\n ],\n [\n -81.8701171875,\n 25.958044673317843\n ],\n [\n -90.966796875,\n 25.958044673317843\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2bfde4b08de9379b35cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, Kristen M. 0000-0002-5257-7974 kristen_hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-7974","contributorId":1966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Kristen","email":"kristen_hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamont, Margaret M. 0000-0001-7520-6669 mlamont@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7520-6669","contributorId":4525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamont","given":"Margaret","email":"mlamont@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sartain-Iverson, Autumn R. 0000-0002-8353-6745 asartain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8353-6745","contributorId":5477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sartain-Iverson","given":"Autumn","email":"asartain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fujisaki, Ikuko","contributorId":31108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fujisaki","given":"Ikuko","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70111464,"text":"sir20145077 - 2014 - Effects of hydrologic modifications on salinity and formation of hypoxia in the Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet and adjacent waterways, southeastern Louisiana, 2008 to 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T16:20:37","indexId":"sir20145077","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-29T16:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5077","title":"Effects of hydrologic modifications on salinity and formation of hypoxia in the Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet and adjacent waterways, southeastern Louisiana, 2008 to 2012","docAbstract":"The Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet (MRGO) was constructed between 1958 and 1968 to provide a safer and shorter route between the Gulf of Mexico and the Port of New Orleans for ocean-going vessels. In 2006, the U.S. Congress directed the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to develop and implement a plan to deauthorize a portion of the MRGO ship channel from its confluence with the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway to the Gulf of Mexico. In 2009, in accordance with plans submitted to Congress, the USACE built a rock barrier across the MRGO near Hopedale, Louisiana. Following Hurricane Katrina, Congress also authorized the USACE to implement the Hurricane Storm Damage Risk Reduction System (HSDRRS) by building structures in the MRGO and adjacent surface waters, to reduce vulnerability of this area to storm surge. The HSDRRS includes the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway-Lake Borgne Surge Barrier and Gate Complex near mile 58 of the deauthorized portion of the MRGO and the Seabrook Gate Complex on the Inner Harbor Navigation Canal (IHNC). By blocking or limiting tidal exchange in the MRGO, these barriers could affect water quality in the MRGO and nearby waters including Lake Pontchartrain, the IHNC, and Lake Borgne. In 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the USACE, began a study to document the effects of the construction activities on salinity and dissolved oxygen in these surface waters. Data were collected from August 2008 through October 2012.
\nCompletion of the rock barrier in the vicinity of mile 35 in July 2009 reduced hydrologic circulation and separated the MRGO into two distinct salinity regimes, with substantially fresher conditions prevailing upstream from the rock barrier. The rock barrier also contributed to a zone of hypoxia (dissolved oxygen less than 2 milligrams per liter) that formed along the channel bottom during the warmer summer months in each year of this monitoring; the zone was much more developed downstream from the rock barrier. The most extensive hypoxic zone was measured in October 2009 when it extended at least 34 miles in the MRGO, from mile 20 to mile 54. Construction of the surge barrier and flood gates did not affect salinity or dissolved oxygen in any comparable manner.
\nThe factors that contributed the most to hypoxia in the MRGO were the reductions in tidal water movement there after completion of the rock barrier combined with the channel depth in the MRGO, in places 10 to 30 feet deeper than surrounding surface water bodies. These factors helped to stratify salinity by reducing vertical mixing in the water column.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145077","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, C.M., and Mize, S.V., 2014, Effects of hydrologic modifications on salinity and formation of hypoxia in the Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet and adjacent waterways, southeastern Louisiana, 2008 to 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5077, vi, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145077.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-052992","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291366,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145077.jpg"},{"id":291362,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5077/"},{"id":291365,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5077/pdf/sir2014-5077.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River-gulf Outlet","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.0,29.5 ], [ -90.0,30.0 ], [ -89.166667,30.0 ], [ -89.166667,29.5 ], [ -90.0,29.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f097e4b0bc0bec09f857","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swarzenski, Christopher M. 0000-0001-9843-1471 cswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9843-1471","contributorId":656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Christopher","email":"cswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mize, Scott V. 0000-0001-6751-5568 svmize@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6751-5568","contributorId":2997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mize","given":"Scott","email":"svmize@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70118523,"text":"70118523 - 2014 - Whiting events in SW Florida coastal waters: a case study using MODIS medium-resolution data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T15:37:12","indexId":"70118523","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-29T15:26:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3251,"text":"Remote Sensing Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Whiting events in SW Florida coastal waters: a case study using MODIS medium-resolution data","docAbstract":"Whitings, floating patches of calcium carbonate mud, have been found in both shallow carbonate banks and freshwater environments around the world. Although these events have been studied for many decades, much of their characteristics remain unknown. Recent sightings of whitings near Ten Thousand Islands, Florida suggest a phenomenon that has not previously been documented in this area. Using medium-resolution (250-m) data collected by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) from December 2010 to November 2013, we documented whiting events and their spatial and temporal patterns in this region. Classification rules were first established, and then applied to all 474 cloud-free and sun glint-free MODIS images. Whiting occurrences were found between 25°46′N and 25°20′N and less than 40 km from the southwest Florida coastline. Over the 3-year period, whiting occurrence peaked in spring and autumn and reached a minimum during the winter and summer months. Further field and laboratory research are needed to explain driving force(s) behind these events.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Abingdon, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1080/2150704X.2014.933275","usgsCitation":"Long, J., Hu, C., and Robbins, L., 2014, Whiting events in SW Florida coastal waters: a case study using MODIS medium-resolution data: Remote Sensing Letters, v. 5, no. 6, p. 539-547, https://doi.org/10.1080/2150704X.2014.933275.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"539","endPage":"547","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-054316","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291355,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291236,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2150704X.2014.933275"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Ten Thousand Islands","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.9965,24.9935 ], [ -81.9965,25.9975 ], [ -80.8621,25.9975 ], [ -80.8621,24.9935 ], [ -81.9965,24.9935 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"5","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f097e4b0bc0bec09f859","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Jacqueline","contributorId":45646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Jacqueline","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hu, Chuanmin","contributorId":24696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hu","given":"Chuanmin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robbins, Lisa","contributorId":87643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Lisa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70118356,"text":"70118356 - 2014 - Precipitation isotopes link regional climate patterns to water supply in a tropical mountain forest, eastern Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T14:37:10","indexId":"70118356","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-29T14:19:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Precipitation isotopes link regional climate patterns to water supply in a tropical mountain forest, eastern Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"Like many mountainous areas in the tropics, watersheds in the Luquillo Mountains of eastern Puerto Rico have abundant rainfall and stream discharge and provide much of the water supply for the densely populated metropolitan areas nearby. Projected changes in regional temperature and atmospheric dynamics as a result of global warming suggest that water availability will be affected by changes in rainfall patterns. It is essential to understand the relative importance of different weather systems to water supply to determine how changes in rainfall patterns, interacting with geology and vegetation, will affect the water balance. To help determine the links between climate and water availability, stable isotope signatures of precipitation from different weather systems were established to identify those that are most important in maintaining streamflow and groundwater recharge. Precipitation stable isotope values in the Luquillo Mountains had a large range, from fog/cloud water with δ2H, δ18O values as high as +12 ‰, −0.73 ‰ to tropical storm rain with values as low as −127 ‰, −16.8 ‰. Temporal isotope values exhibit a reverse seasonality from those observed in higher latitude continental watersheds, with higher isotopic values in the winter and lower values in the summer. Despite the higher volume of convective and low-pressure system rainfall, stable isotope analyses indicated that under the current rainfall regime, frequent trade -wind orographic showers contribute much of the groundwater recharge and stream base flow. Analysis of rain events using 20 years of 15 -minute resolution data at a mountain station (643 m) showed an increasing trend in rainfall amount, in agreement with increased precipitable water in the atmosphere, but differing from climate model projections of drying in the region. The mean intensity of rain events also showed an increasing trend. The determination of recharge sources from stable isotope tracers indicates that water supply will be affected if regional atmospheric dynamics change trade- wind orographic rainfall patterns in the Caribbean.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2013WR014413","usgsCitation":"Scholl, M.A., and Murphy, S.F., 2014, Precipitation isotopes link regional climate patterns to water supply in a tropical mountain forest, eastern Puerto Rico: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 5, p. 4305-4322, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR014413.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"4305","endPage":"4322","numberOfPages":"18","ipdsId":"IP-049266","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291342,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291193,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013WR014413"}],"country":"Puerto Rico","otherGeospatial":"Luquillo Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -65.95,18.17 ], [ -65.95,18.39 ], [ -65.583333,18.39 ], [ -65.583333,18.17 ], [ -65.95,18.17 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"50","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f097e4b0bc0bec09f85d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, Martha A. 0000-0001-6994-4614 mascholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6994-4614","contributorId":1920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"Martha","email":"mascholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murphy, Sheila F. 0000-0002-5481-3635 sfmurphy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5481-3635","contributorId":1854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Sheila","email":"sfmurphy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70118559,"text":"70118559 - 2014 - Asphaltene content and composition as a measure of Deepwater Horizon oil spill losses within the first 80 days","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T12:42:12","indexId":"70118559","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-29T11:58:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Asphaltene content and composition as a measure of Deepwater Horizon oil spill losses within the first 80 days","docAbstract":"The composition and content of asphaltenes in spilled and original wellhead oils from the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) incident provide information on the amount of original oil lost and the processes most responsible for the losses within the first 80 days of the active spill. Spilled oils were collected from open waters, coastal waters and coastal sediments during the incident. Asphaltenes are the most refractory component of crude oils but their alteration in the spilled oils during weathering prevents them from being used directly as a conservative component to calculate original oil losses. The alteration is reflected by their increase in oxygen content and depletion in 12C. Reconnaissance experiments involving evaporation, photo-oxidation, microbial degradation, dissolution, dispersion and burning indicate that the combined effects of photo-oxidation and evaporation are responsible for these compositional changes. Based on measured losses and altered asphaltenes from these experiments, a mean of 61 ± 3 vol% of the original oil was lost from the surface spilled oils during the incident. This mean percentage of original oil loss is considerably larger than previous estimates of evaporative losses based on only gas chromatography (GC) amenable hydrocarbons (32–50 vol%), and highlights the importance of using asphaltenes, as well as GC amenable parameters in evaluating original oil losses and the processes responsible for the losses.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.06.004","usgsCitation":"Lewan, M.D., Warden, A., Dias, R., Lowry, Z., Hannah, T., Lillis, P., Kokaly, R., Hoefen, T., Swayze, G., Mills, C., Harris, S., and Plumlee, G., 2014, Asphaltene content and composition as a measure of Deepwater Horizon oil spill losses within the first 80 days: Organic Geochemistry, v. 75, p. 54-60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.06.004.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-056433","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.06.004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":291307,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291302,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.06.004"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.433,28.4819 ], [ -90.433,30.5052 ], [ -86.9211,30.5052 ], [ -86.9211,28.4819 ], [ -90.433,28.4819 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"75","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f097e4b0bc0bec09f863","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewan, M. D.","contributorId":46540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warden, A.","contributorId":41946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warden","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dias, R.F.","contributorId":19333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dias","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lowry, Z.K.","contributorId":6771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowry","given":"Z.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hannah, T.L.","contributorId":13157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hannah","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lillis, P. G. 0000-0002-7508-1699","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7508-1699","contributorId":17630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lillis","given":"P. G.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":497006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kokaly, R.F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":42381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hoefen, T.M. 0000-0002-3083-5987","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":18143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Swayze, G.A. 0000-0002-1814-7823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":21570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mills, C.T.","contributorId":77395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Harris, S.H.","contributorId":10950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Plumlee, G.S.","contributorId":80698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70118536,"text":"70118536 - 2014 - Changing amounts and sources of moisture in the U.S. southwest since the Last Glacial Maximum in response to global climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T10:58:29","indexId":"70118536","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-29T10:49:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changing amounts and sources of moisture in the U.S. southwest since the Last Glacial Maximum in response to global climate change","docAbstract":"The U.S. southwest has a limited water supply and is predicted to become drier in the 21st century. An improved understanding of factors controlling moisture sources and availability is aided by reconstruction of past responses to global climate change. New stable isotope and growth-rate records for a central Texas speleothem indicate a strong influence of Gulf of Mexico (GoM) moisture and increased precipitation from 15.5 to 13.5 ka, which includes the majority of the Bølling–Allerød warming (BA: 14.7–12.9 ka). Coeval speleothem records from 900 and 1200 km to the west allow reconstruction of regional moisture sources and atmospheric circulation. The combined isotope and growth-rate time series indicates 1) increased GoM moisture input during the majority of the BA, producing greater precipitation in Texas and New Mexico; and 2) a retreat of GoM moisture during Younger Dryas cooling (12.9–11.5 ka), reducing precipitation. These results portray how late-Pleistocene atmospheric circulation and moisture distribution in this region responded to global changes, providing information to improve models of future climate.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2014.05.046","usgsCitation":"Feng, W., Hardt, B.F., Banner, J., Meyer, K.J., James, E.W., Musgrove, M., Edwards, R., Cheng, H., and Min, A., 2014, Changing amounts and sources of moisture in the U.S. southwest since the Last Glacial Maximum in response to global climate change: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 401, p. 47-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.05.046.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-040447","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291275,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291258,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.05.046"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125.82,18.9 ], [ -125.82,45.18 ], [ -83.98,45.18 ], [ -83.98,18.9 ], [ -125.82,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"401","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f097e4b0bc0bec09f867","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feng, Weimin","contributorId":36470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feng","given":"Weimin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hardt, Benjamin F. bhardt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardt","given":"Benjamin","email":"bhardt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":496936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Banner, Jay L.","contributorId":58200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banner","given":"Jay L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, Kevin J.","contributorId":54129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"James, Eric W.","contributorId":93405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Musgrove, MaryLynn","contributorId":34878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"MaryLynn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Edwards, R. Lawrence","contributorId":55752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"R. Lawrence","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cheng, Hai","contributorId":85896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Hai","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Min, Angela","contributorId":68664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Min","given":"Angela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70117686,"text":"ofr20131170G - 2014 - SAFRR tsunami scenario: Impacts on California ecosystems, species, marine natural resources, and fisheries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-03T15:42:59.086013","indexId":"ofr20131170G","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-29T08:18:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1170","chapter":"G","title":"SAFRR tsunami scenario: Impacts on California ecosystems, species, marine natural resources, and fisheries","docAbstract":"We evaluate the effects of the SAFRR Tsunami Scenario on California’s ecosystems, species, natural resources, and fisheries. We discuss mitigation and preparedness approaches that can be useful in Tsunami planning. The chapter provides an introduction to the role of ecosystems and natural resources in tsunami events (Section 1). A separate section focuses on specific impacts of the SAFRR Tsunami Scenario on California’s ecosystems and endangered species (Section 2). A section on commercial fisheries and the fishing fleet (Section 3) documents the plausible effects on California’s commercial fishery resources, fishing fleets, and communities. Sections 2 and 3 each include practical preparedness options for communities and suggestions on information needs or research.
Our evaluation indicates that many low-lying coastal habitats, including beaches, marshes and sloughs, rivers and waterways connected to the sea, as well as nearshore submarine habitats will be damaged by the SAFRR Tsunami Scenario. Beach erosion and complex or high volumes of tsunami-generated debris would pose major challenges for ecological communities. Several endangered species and protected areas are at risk. Commercial fisheries and fishing fleets will be affected directly by the tsunami and indirectly by dependencies on infrastructure that is damaged. There is evidence that in some areas intact ecosystems, notably sand dunes, will act as natural defenses against the tsunami waves. However, ecosystems do not provide blanket protection against tsunami surge. The consequences of ecological and natural resource damage are estimated in the millions of dollars. These costs are driven partly by the loss of ecosystem services, as well as cumulative and follow-on impacts where, for example, increased erosion during the tsunami can in turn lead to subsequent damage and loss to coastal properties. Recovery of ecosystems, natural resources and fisheries is likely to be lengthy and expensive. Preparedness is key to enhancing resilience to ecological impacts.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) tsunami scenario","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131170G","collaboration":"This report is Chapter G in The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario. For more information, see: Open-File Report 2013-1170.","usgsCitation":"Brosnan, D., Wein, A., and Wilson, R., 2014, SAFRR tsunami scenario: Impacts on California ecosystems, species, marine natural resources, and fisheries: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1170, vi, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131170G.","productDescription":"vi, 60 p.","numberOfPages":"72","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050852","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291240,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131170G.jpg"},{"id":291233,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/g/"},{"id":291239,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/g/pdf/ofr2013-1170g.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-122.421439,37.869969],[-122.41847,37.852721],[-122.434403,37.852434],[-122.446316,37.861046],[-122.430958,37.872242],[-122.421439,37.869969]]],[[[-122.3785,37.826505],[-122.377879,37.830648],[-122.369941,37.832137],[-122.358779,37.814278],[-122.362661,37.807577],[-122.372422,37.811301],[-122.3785,37.826505]]],[[[-120.248484,33.999329],[-120.230001,34.010136],[-120.19578,34.004284],[-120.167306,34.008219],[-120.147647,34.024831],[-120.140362,34.025974],[-120.115058,34.019866],[-120.090182,34.019806],[-120.073609,34.024477],[-120.057637,34.03734],[-120.043259,34.035806],[-120.050382,34.013331],[-120.046575,34.000002],[-120.011123,33.979894],[-119.978876,33.983081],[-119.979913,33.969623],[-119.97026,33.944359],[-120.017715,33.936366],[-120.048611,33.915775],[-120.098601,33.907853],[-120.121817,33.895712],[-120.168974,33.91909],[-120.224461,33.989059],[-120.248484,33.999329]]],[[[-119.789798,34.05726],[-119.755521,34.056716],[-119.712576,34.043265],[-119.686507,34.019805],[-119.637742,34.013178],[-119.612226,34.021256],[-119.604287,34.031561],[-119.608798,34.035245],[-119.59324,34.049625],[-119.5667,34.053452],[-119.52064,34.034262],[-119.542449,34.021082],[-119.547072,34.005469],[-119.560464,33.99553],[-119.575636,33.996009],[-119.596877,33.988611],[-119.662825,33.985889],[-119.721206,33.959583],[-119.742966,33.963877],[-119.758141,33.959212],[-119.842748,33.97034],[-119.873358,33.980375],[-119.884896,34.008814],[-119.876329,34.032087],[-119.916216,34.058351],[-119.923337,34.069361],[-119.919155,34.07728],[-119.912857,34.077508],[-119.857304,34.071298],[-119.825865,34.059794],[-119.818742,34.052997],[-119.789798,34.05726]]],[[[-120.46258,34.042627],[-120.440248,34.036918],[-120.415287,34.05496],[-120.403613,34.050442],[-120.390906,34.051994],[-120.368813,34.06778],[-120.370176,34.074907],[-120.362251,34.073056],[-120.354982,34.059256],[-120.36029,34.05582],[-120.358608,34.050235],[-120.346946,34.046576],[-120.331161,34.049097],[-120.302122,34.023574],[-120.317052,34.018837],[-120.347706,34.020114],[-120.35793,34.015029],[-120.409368,34.032198],[-120.427408,34.025425],[-120.454134,34.028081],[-120.465329,34.038448],[-120.46258,34.042627]]],[[[-118.524531,32.895488],[-118.535823,32.90628],[-118.551134,32.945155],[-118.573522,32.969183],[-118.586928,33.008281],[-118.596037,33.015357],[-118.606559,33.01469],[-118.605534,33.030999],[-118.594033,33.035951],[-118.57516,33.033961],[-118.569013,33.029151],[-118.559171,33.006291],[-118.540069,32.980933],[-118.496811,32.933847],[-118.369984,32.839273],[-118.353504,32.821962],[-118.356541,32.817311],[-118.379968,32.824545],[-118.394565,32.823978],[-118.425634,32.800595],[-118.44492,32.820593],[-118.496298,32.851572],[-118.507193,32.876264],[-118.524531,32.895488]]],[[[-118.500212,33.449592],[-118.477646,33.448392],[-118.445812,33.428907],[-118.423576,33.427258],[-118.382037,33.409883],[-118.370323,33.409285],[-118.365094,33.388374],[-118.310213,33.335795],[-118.303174,33.320264],[-118.305084,33.310323],[-118.325244,33.299075],[-118.374768,33.320065],[-118.440047,33.318638],[-118.465368,33.326056],[-118.48877,33.356649],[-118.478465,33.38632],[-118.48875,33.419826],[-118.515914,33.422417],[-118.52323,33.430733],[-118.53738,33.434608],[-118.563442,33.434381],[-118.60403,33.47654],[-118.54453,33.474119],[-118.500212,33.449592]]],[[[-119.543842,33.280329],[-119.528141,33.284929],[-119.465717,33.259239],[-119.429559,33.228167],[-119.444269,33.21919],[-119.476029,33.21552],[-119.545872,33.233406],[-119.564971,33.24744],[-119.578942,33.278628],[-119.562042,33.271129],[-119.543842,33.280329]]],[[[-122.289533,42.007764],[-121.035195,41.993323],[-120.001058,41.995139],[-119.995926,40.499901],[-120.005743,39.228664],[-120.001014,38.999574],[-119.333423,38.538328],[-118.714312,38.102185],[-117.875927,37.497267],[-117.244917,37.030244],[-116.488233,36.459097],[-115.852908,35.96966],[-115.102881,35.379371],[-114.633013,35.002085],[-114.629015,34.986148],[-114.634953,34.958918],[-114.629753,34.938684],[-114.635176,34.875003],[-114.623939,34.859738],[-114.586842,34.835672],[-114.57101,34.794294],[-114.552682,34.766871],[-114.516619,34.736745],[-114.470477,34.711368],[-114.452628,34.668546],[-114.451753,34.654321],[-114.441465,34.64253],[-114.438739,34.621455],[-114.424202,34.610453],[-114.429747,34.591734],[-114.422382,34.580711],[-114.405228,34.569637],[-114.380838,34.529724],[-114.378124,34.507288],[-114.386699,34.457911],[-114.375789,34.447798],[-114.335372,34.450038],[-114.32613,34.437251],[-114.294836,34.421389],[-114.286802,34.40534],[-114.264317,34.401329],[-114.226107,34.365916],[-114.199482,34.361373],[-114.176909,34.349306],[-114.157206,34.317862],[-114.138282,34.30323],[-114.134768,34.268965],[-114.139055,34.259538],[-114.159697,34.258242],[-114.223384,34.205136],[-114.229715,34.186928],[-114.254141,34.173831],[-114.287294,34.170529],[-114.320777,34.138635],[-114.353031,34.133121],[-114.366521,34.118575],[-114.390565,34.110084],[-114.411681,34.110031],[-114.43338,34.088413],[-114.43934,34.057893],[-114.434949,34.037784],[-114.438266,34.022609],[-114.46283,34.008421],[-114.46117,33.994687],[-114.499883,33.961789],[-114.522002,33.955623],[-114.535478,33.934651],[-114.533679,33.926072],[-114.508558,33.906098],[-114.518555,33.889847],[-114.50434,33.876882],[-114.503017,33.867998],[-114.514673,33.858638],[-114.52453,33.858477],[-114.529597,33.848063],[-114.520465,33.827778],[-114.527161,33.816191],[-114.504863,33.760465],[-114.504483,33.750998],[-114.512348,33.734214],[-114.496565,33.719155],[-114.494197,33.707922],[-114.495719,33.698454],[-114.523959,33.685879],[-114.531523,33.675108],[-114.525201,33.661583],[-114.530244,33.65014],[-114.526947,33.637534],[-114.529662,33.622794],[-114.524813,33.611351],[-114.540617,33.591412],[-114.5403,33.580615],[-114.524391,33.553683],[-114.558898,33.531819],[-114.560552,33.518272],[-114.569533,33.509219],[-114.591554,33.499443],[-114.622918,33.456561],[-114.627125,33.433554],[-114.635183,33.422726],[-114.652828,33.412922],[-114.687953,33.417944],[-114.701732,33.408388],[-114.725535,33.404056],[-114.708408,33.384147],[-114.698035,33.352442],[-114.707962,33.323421],[-114.731223,33.302434],[-114.723259,33.288079],[-114.684363,33.276025],[-114.672401,33.26047],[-114.689421,33.24525],[-114.674479,33.225504],[-114.678749,33.203448],[-114.675831,33.18152],[-114.679359,33.159519],[-114.703682,33.113769],[-114.706488,33.08816],[-114.68902,33.084036],[-114.686991,33.070969],[-114.674296,33.057171],[-114.673659,33.041897],[-114.662317,33.032671],[-114.64598,33.048903],[-114.618788,33.027202],[-114.589778,33.026228],[-114.575161,33.036542],[-114.52013,33.029984],[-114.502871,33.011153],[-114.492938,32.971781],[-114.476156,32.975168],[-114.467664,32.966861],[-114.469113,32.952673],[-114.48074,32.937027],[-114.47664,32.923628],[-114.462929,32.907944],[-114.468971,32.845155],[-114.494116,32.823288],[-114.510217,32.816417],[-114.530755,32.793485],[-114.532432,32.776923],[-114.526856,32.757094],[-114.539093,32.756949],[-114.539224,32.749812],[-114.564447,32.749554],[-114.564508,32.742298],[-114.581736,32.742321],[-114.581784,32.734946],[-114.612697,32.734516],[-114.618373,32.728245],[-114.688779,32.737675],[-114.701918,32.745548],[-114.719633,32.718763],[-116.04662,32.623353],[-117.124862,32.534156],[-117.136664,32.618754],[-117.168866,32.671952],[-117.196767,32.688851],[-117.213068,32.687751],[-117.236239,32.671353],[-117.246069,32.669352],[-117.25757,32.72605],[-117.25257,32.752949],[-117.25497,32.786948],[-117.26107,32.803148],[-117.280971,32.822247],[-117.28217,32.839547],[-117.27387,32.851447],[-117.26497,32.848947],[-117.25617,32.859447],[-117.25167,32.874346],[-117.25447,32.900146],[-117.28077,33.012343],[-117.315278,33.093504],[-117.328359,33.121842],[-117.362572,33.168437],[-117.469794,33.296417],[-117.50565,33.334063],[-117.547693,33.365491],[-117.59588,33.386629],[-117.607905,33.406317],[-117.645582,33.440728],[-117.684584,33.461927],[-117.691984,33.456627],[-117.715349,33.460556],[-117.726486,33.483427],[-117.784888,33.541525],[-117.814188,33.552224],[-117.840289,33.573523],[-117.87679,33.592322],[-117.927091,33.605521],[-117.940591,33.620021],[-118.000593,33.654319],[-118.029694,33.676418],[-118.088896,33.729817],[-118.132698,33.753217],[-118.180831,33.763072],[-118.187701,33.749218],[-118.181367,33.717367],[-118.207476,33.716905],[-118.258687,33.703741],[-118.317205,33.712818],[-118.360505,33.736817],[-118.385006,33.741417],[-118.396606,33.735917],[-118.411211,33.741985],[-118.428407,33.774715],[-118.405007,33.800215],[-118.394376,33.804289],[-118.392107,33.840915],[-118.460611,33.969111],[-118.482729,33.995912],[-118.519514,34.027509],[-118.543115,34.038508],[-118.569235,34.04164],[-118.609652,34.036424],[-118.668358,34.038887],[-118.706215,34.029383],[-118.744952,34.032103],[-118.783433,34.021543],[-118.805114,34.001239],[-118.854653,34.034215],[-118.928048,34.045847],[-118.938081,34.043383],[-119.004644,34.066231],[-119.037494,34.083111],[-119.088536,34.09831],[-119.109784,34.094566],[-119.130169,34.100102],[-119.18864,34.139005],[-119.216441,34.146105],[-119.257043,34.213304],[-119.278644,34.266902],[-119.290945,34.274902],[-119.313034,34.275689],[-119.337475,34.290576],[-119.370356,34.319486],[-119.388249,34.317398],[-119.42777,34.353016],[-119.461036,34.374064],[-119.536957,34.395495],[-119.559459,34.413395],[-119.616862,34.420995],[-119.638864,34.415696],[-119.671866,34.416096],[-119.688167,34.412497],[-119.684666,34.408297],[-119.709067,34.395397],[-119.729369,34.395897],[-119.794771,34.417597],[-119.835771,34.415796],[-119.853771,34.407996],[-119.873971,34.408795],[-119.925227,34.433931],[-119.956433,34.435288],[-120.008077,34.460447],[-120.038828,34.463434],[-120.088591,34.460208],[-120.141165,34.473405],[-120.25777,34.467451],[-120.295051,34.470623],[-120.341369,34.458789],[-120.471376,34.447846],[-120.47661,34.475131],[-120.511421,34.522953],[-120.581293,34.556959],[-120.622575,34.554017],[-120.637805,34.56622],[-120.645739,34.581035],[-120.640244,34.604406],[-120.60197,34.692095],[-120.60045,34.70464],[-120.614852,34.730709],[-120.62632,34.738072],[-120.637415,34.755895],[-120.616296,34.816308],[-120.610266,34.85818],[-120.616325,34.866739],[-120.639283,34.880413],[-120.647328,34.901133],[-120.670835,34.904115],[-120.63999,35.002963],[-120.629931,35.061515],[-120.630957,35.101941],[-120.644311,35.139616],[-120.651134,35.147768],[-120.662475,35.153357],[-120.675074,35.153061],[-120.698906,35.171192],[-120.714185,35.175998],[-120.74887,35.177795],[-120.754823,35.174701],[-120.756086,35.160459],[-120.760492,35.15971],[-120.778998,35.168897],[-120.786076,35.177666],[-120.856047,35.206487],[-120.89679,35.247877],[-120.862684,35.346776],[-120.866099,35.393045],[-120.884757,35.430196],[-120.907937,35.449069],[-120.946546,35.446715],[-120.969436,35.460197],[-121.003359,35.46071],[-121.101595,35.548814],[-121.126027,35.593058],[-121.143561,35.606046],[-121.166712,35.635399],[-121.251034,35.656641],[-121.284973,35.674109],[-121.289794,35.689428],[-121.314632,35.71331],[-121.315786,35.75252],[-121.332449,35.783106],[-121.388053,35.823483],[-121.413146,35.855316],[-121.439584,35.86695],[-121.462264,35.885618],[-121.461227,35.896906],[-121.472435,35.91989],[-121.4862,35.970348],[-121.503112,36.000299],[-121.531876,36.014368],[-121.574602,36.025156],[-121.590395,36.050363],[-121.592853,36.065062],[-121.606845,36.072065],[-121.618672,36.087767],[-121.629634,36.114452],[-121.680145,36.165818],[-121.717176,36.195146],[-121.779851,36.227407],[-121.797059,36.234211],[-121.813734,36.234235],[-121.826425,36.24186],[-121.851967,36.277831],[-121.874797,36.289064],[-121.888491,36.30281],[-121.894714,36.317806],[-121.892917,36.340428],[-121.905446,36.358269],[-121.903195,36.393603],[-121.914378,36.404344],[-121.91474,36.42589],[-121.9416,36.485602],[-121.938763,36.506423],[-121.944666,36.521861],[-121.925937,36.525173],[-121.932508,36.559935],[-121.942533,36.566435],[-121.957335,36.564482],[-121.978592,36.580488],[-121.970427,36.582754],[-121.941666,36.618059],[-121.93643,36.636746],[-121.923866,36.634559],[-121.890164,36.609259],[-121.889064,36.601759],[-121.860604,36.611136],[-121.831995,36.644856],[-121.814462,36.682858],[-121.807062,36.714157],[-121.805643,36.750239],[-121.788278,36.803994],[-121.809363,36.848654],[-121.862266,36.931552],[-121.894667,36.961851],[-121.930069,36.97815],[-121.95167,36.97145],[-121.972771,36.954151],[-122.012373,36.96455],[-122.023373,36.96215],[-122.027174,36.95115],[-122.050122,36.948523],[-122.105976,36.955951],[-122.155078,36.98085],[-122.20618,37.013949],[-122.252181,37.059448],[-122.284882,37.101747],[-122.306139,37.116383],[-122.337071,37.117382],[-122.337833,37.135936],[-122.359791,37.155574],[-122.367085,37.172817],[-122.390599,37.182988],[-122.405073,37.195791],[-122.407181,37.219465],[-122.419113,37.24147],[-122.411686,37.265844],[-122.40085,37.359225],[-122.423286,37.392542],[-122.443687,37.435941],[-122.452087,37.48054],[-122.472388,37.50054],[-122.493789,37.492341],[-122.499289,37.495341],[-122.516689,37.52134],[-122.519533,37.537302],[-122.513688,37.552239],[-122.517187,37.590637],[-122.501386,37.599637],[-122.494085,37.644035],[-122.496784,37.686433],[-122.514483,37.780829],[-122.50531,37.788312],[-122.485783,37.790629],[-122.478083,37.810828],[-122.463793,37.804653],[-122.407452,37.811441],[-122.398139,37.80563],[-122.385323,37.790724],[-122.375854,37.734979],[-122.356784,37.729505],[-122.361749,37.71501],[-122.370411,37.717572],[-122.391374,37.708331],[-122.387626,37.67906],[-122.374291,37.662206],[-122.3756,37.652389],[-122.387381,37.648462],[-122.386072,37.637662],[-122.35531,37.615736],[-122.358583,37.611155],[-122.373309,37.613773],[-122.378545,37.605592],[-122.360219,37.592501],[-122.317676,37.590865],[-122.305895,37.575484],[-122.262698,37.572866],[-122.214264,37.538505],[-122.196593,37.537196],[-122.194957,37.522469],[-122.168449,37.504143],[-122.155686,37.501198],[-122.140142,37.507907],[-122.127706,37.500053],[-122.111344,37.50758],[-122.111998,37.528851],[-122.147014,37.588411],[-122.145378,37.600846],[-122.152905,37.640771],[-122.163049,37.667933],[-122.246826,37.72193],[-122.257953,37.739601],[-122.257134,37.745001],[-122.242638,37.753744],[-122.253753,37.761218],[-122.293996,37.770416],[-122.330963,37.786035],[-122.33555,37.799538],[-122.333711,37.809797],[-122.323567,37.823214],[-122.303931,37.830087],[-122.301313,37.847758],[-122.310477,37.873938],[-122.309986,37.892755],[-122.32373,37.905845],[-122.33453,37.908791],[-122.35711,37.908791],[-122.367582,37.903882],[-122.385908,37.908136],[-122.39049,37.922535],[-122.413725,37.937262],[-122.430087,37.963115],[-122.415361,37.963115],[-122.399832,37.956009],[-122.367582,37.978168],[-122.361905,37.989991],[-122.367909,38.01253],[-122.340093,38.003694],[-122.321112,38.012857],[-122.300823,38.010893],[-122.283478,38.022674],[-122.262861,38.0446],[-122.273006,38.07438],[-122.314567,38.115287],[-122.366273,38.141467],[-122.39638,38.149976],[-122.403514,38.150624],[-122.409798,38.136231],[-122.439577,38.116923],[-122.454958,38.118887],[-122.489974,38.112014],[-122.483757,38.071762],[-122.499465,38.032165],[-122.497828,38.019402],[-122.481466,38.007621],[-122.462812,38.003367],[-122.452995,37.996167],[-122.448413,37.984713],[-122.456595,37.978823],[-122.471975,37.981768],[-122.488665,37.966714],[-122.487684,37.948716],[-122.479175,37.941516],[-122.48572,37.937589],[-122.499465,37.939225],[-122.503064,37.928753],[-122.478193,37.918608],[-122.471975,37.910427],[-122.472303,37.902573],[-122.458558,37.894064],[-122.448413,37.89341],[-122.438268,37.880974],[-122.45005,37.871157],[-122.462158,37.868866],[-122.480811,37.873448],[-122.479151,37.825428],[-122.505383,37.822128],[-122.548986,37.836227],[-122.561487,37.851827],[-122.584289,37.859227],[-122.60129,37.875126],[-122.656519,37.904519],[-122.682171,37.90645],[-122.70264,37.89382],[-122.727297,37.904626],[-122.736898,37.925825],[-122.766138,37.938004],[-122.783244,37.951334],[-122.797405,37.976657],[-122.821383,37.996735],[-122.856573,38.016717],[-122.882114,38.025273],[-122.939711,38.031908],[-122.956811,38.02872],[-122.981776,38.009119],[-122.97439,37.992429],[-123.024066,37.994878],[-123.011533,38.003438],[-122.99242,38.041758],[-122.960889,38.112962],[-122.949074,38.15406],[-122.953629,38.17567],[-122.965408,38.187113],[-122.968112,38.202428],[-122.993959,38.237602],[-122.968569,38.242879],[-122.967203,38.250691],[-122.977082,38.267902],[-122.986319,38.273164],[-123.002911,38.295708],[-123.024333,38.310573],[-123.038742,38.313576],[-123.051061,38.310693],[-123.053504,38.299385],[-123.063671,38.302178],[-123.074684,38.322574],[-123.068437,38.33521],[-123.068265,38.359865],[-123.128825,38.450418],[-123.202277,38.494314],[-123.249797,38.511045],[-123.287156,38.540223],[-123.331899,38.565542],[-123.343338,38.590008],[-123.371876,38.607235],[-123.398166,38.647044],[-123.441774,38.699744],[-123.461291,38.717001],[-123.514784,38.741966],[-123.541837,38.776764],[-123.579856,38.802835],[-123.58638,38.802857],[-123.605317,38.822765],[-123.647387,38.845472],[-123.659846,38.872529],[-123.71054,38.91323],[-123.725367,38.917438],[-123.726315,38.936367],[-123.738886,38.95412],[-123.729053,38.956667],[-123.711149,38.977316],[-123.6969,39.004401],[-123.690095,39.031157],[-123.693969,39.057363],[-123.713392,39.108422],[-123.721505,39.125327],[-123.737913,39.143442],[-123.742221,39.164885],[-123.765891,39.193657],[-123.774998,39.212083],[-123.777368,39.237214],[-123.787893,39.264327],[-123.803848,39.278771],[-123.803081,39.291747],[-123.811387,39.312825],[-123.808772,39.324368],[-123.822085,39.343857],[-123.826306,39.36871],[-123.81469,39.446538],[-123.766475,39.552803],[-123.787417,39.604552],[-123.782322,39.621486],[-123.792659,39.684122],[-123.808208,39.710715],[-123.829545,39.723071],[-123.838089,39.752409],[-123.839797,39.795637],[-123.851714,39.832041],[-123.907664,39.863028],[-123.930047,39.909697],[-123.954952,39.922373],[-123.980031,39.962458],[-124.035904,40.013319],[-124.056408,40.024305],[-124.068908,40.021307],[-124.079983,40.029773],[-124.080709,40.06611],[-124.110549,40.103765],[-124.187874,40.130542],[-124.214895,40.160902],[-124.296497,40.208816],[-124.320912,40.226617],[-124.327691,40.23737],[-124.34307,40.243979],[-124.363414,40.260974],[-124.363634,40.276212],[-124.347853,40.314634],[-124.362796,40.350046],[-124.365357,40.374855],[-124.373599,40.392923],[-124.391496,40.407047],[-124.409591,40.438076],[-124.38494,40.48982],[-124.383224,40.499852],[-124.387023,40.504954],[-124.382816,40.519],[-124.329404,40.61643],[-124.158322,40.876069],[-124.137066,40.925732],[-124.118147,40.989263],[-124.112165,41.028173],[-124.125448,41.048504],[-124.138217,41.054342],[-124.153622,41.05355],[-124.154513,41.087159],[-124.160556,41.099011],[-124.159065,41.121957],[-124.165414,41.129822],[-124.158539,41.143021],[-124.149674,41.140845],[-124.1438,41.144686],[-124.106986,41.229678],[-124.072294,41.374844],[-124.063076,41.439579],[-124.066057,41.470258],[-124.081427,41.511228],[-124.081987,41.547761],[-124.092404,41.553615],[-124.101123,41.569192],[-124.097385,41.585251],[-124.100961,41.602499],[-124.114413,41.616768],[-124.120225,41.640354],[-124.135552,41.657307],[-124.147412,41.717955],[-124.164716,41.740126],[-124.17739,41.745756],[-124.194953,41.736778],[-124.23972,41.7708],[-124.248704,41.771459],[-124.255994,41.783014],[-124.245027,41.7923],[-124.230678,41.818681],[-124.208439,41.888192],[-124.203402,41.940964],[-124.204948,41.983441],[-124.211605,41.99846],[-123.656998,41.995137],[-123.624554,41.999837],[-123.347562,41.999108],[-123.145959,42.009247],[-123.045254,42.003049],[-122.893961,42.002605],[-122.289533,42.007764]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"California\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8ad","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ross, Stephanie L. 0000-0003-1389-4405 sross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1389-4405","contributorId":1024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Stephanie","email":"sross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509918,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Lucile","contributorId":9639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Lucile","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509917,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Brosnan, Deborah","contributorId":97747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brosnan","given":"Deborah","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wein, Anne 0000-0002-5516-3697 awein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5516-3697","contributorId":589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wein","given":"Anne","email":"awein@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Rick","contributorId":12766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Rick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70114209,"text":"sir20145107 - 2014 - Occurrence and transport of nitrogen in the Big Sunflower River, northwestern Mississippi, October 2009-June 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T08:14:25","indexId":"sir20145107","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-28T16:29:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5107","title":"Occurrence and transport of nitrogen in the Big Sunflower River, northwestern Mississippi, October 2009-June 2011","docAbstract":"The Big Sunflower River Basin, located within the Yazoo River Basin, is subject to large annual inputs of nitrogen from agriculture, atmospheric deposition, and point sources. Understanding how nutrients are transported in, and downstream from, the Big Sunflower River is key to quantifying their eutrophying effects on the Gulf. Recent results from two Spatially Referenced Regressions on Watershed attributes (SPARROW models), which include the Big Sunflower River, indicate minimal losses of nitrogen in stream reaches typical of the main channels of major river systems. If SPARROW assumptions of relatively conservative transport of nitrogen are correct and surface-water losses through the bed of the Big Sunflower River are negligible, then options for managing nutrient loads to the Gulf of Mexico may be limited. Simply put, if every pound of nitrogen entering the Delta is eventually delivered to the Gulf, then the only effective nutrient management option in the Delta is to reduce inputs. If, on the other hand, it can be shown that processes within river channels of the Mississippi Delta act to reduce the mass of nitrogen in transport, other hydrologic approaches may be designed to further limit nitrogen transport. Direct validation of existing SPARROW models for the Delta is a first step in assessing the assumptions underlying those models.
\nIn order to characterize spatial and temporal variability of nitrogen in the Big Sunflower River Basin, water samples were collected at four U.S. Geological Survey gaging stations located on the Big Sunflower River between October 1, 2009, and June 30, 2011. Nitrogen concentrations were generally highest at each site during the spring of the 2010 water year and the fall and winter of the 2011 water year. Additionally, the dominant form of nitrogen varied between sites. For example, in samples collected from the most upstream site (Clarksdale), the concentration of organic nitrogen was generally higher than the concentrations of ammonia and nitrate plus nitrite; conversely, at sites farther downstream (that is, at Sunflower and Anguilla), nitrate plus nitrite concentrations were generally higher than concentrations of organic nitrogen and ammonia.
\nIn addition to the routinely collected samples, water samples from the Big Sunflower River Basin were collected using a Lagrangian sampling scheme, which attempts to follow a single mass of water through time in order to determine how it changes through processing or other pathways as the water moves downstream. Lagrangian sampling was conducted five times during the study period: (1) April 8–21, 2010, (2) May 12–June 3, 2010, (3) June 15–July 1, 2010, (4) August 23–30, 2010, and (5) May 16–20, 2011. Streamflow conditions were variable for each sampling event because of input from local precipitation and irrigation return flow, and streamflow losses through the streambed. Streamflow and total nitrogen flux increased with drainage area, and the dominant form of nitrogen varied with drainage area size and temporally across sampling events.
\nResults from each method indicate relatively conservative transport of nitrogen within the 160 miles between Clarksdale and Anguilla, providing further validation of the SPARROW models. Furthermore, these results suggest relatively conservative transport of nitrogen from the Big Sunflower River to the Gulf of Mexico and, therefore, imply a fairly close association of nutrient application and export from the Big Sunflower River Basin to the Mississippi River. However, within the Big Sunflower River Basin, two potential nitrogen sinks were identified and include the transport and potential transformation of nitrogen through the streambed and the sequestration and potential transformation of nitrogen above the drainage control structures downstream of Anguilla. By coupling these potential loss mechanisms with nitrogen transport dynamics, it may be possible to further reduce the amount of nitrogen leaving the Big Sunflower River Basin and ultimately arriving at the Gulf of Mexico.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145107","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the United States Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg District","usgsCitation":"Barlow, J.R., and Coupe, R.H., 2014, Occurrence and transport of nitrogen in the Big Sunflower River, northwestern Mississippi, October 2009-June 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5107, Report: vi, 29 p.; Appendix 1, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145107.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 29 p.; Appendix 1","numberOfPages":"39","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2009-10-01","temporalEnd":"2011-06-30","ipdsId":"IP-040979","costCenters":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291229,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145107.jpg"},{"id":291226,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5107/"},{"id":291227,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5107/pdf/sir2014-5107.pdf"},{"id":291228,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5107/appendix/sir2014-5107_appendix1.xlsx"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas;Louisiana;Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Big Sunflower River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.25,32.75 ], [ -91.25,34.75 ], [ -90.50,34.75 ], [ -90.50,32.75 ], [ -91.25,32.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barlow, Jeannie R.B.","contributorId":33965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Jeannie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coupe, Richard H. 0000-0001-8679-1015 rhcoupe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-1015","contributorId":551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"Richard","email":"rhcoupe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70112963,"text":"ds863 - 2014 - Annual agricultural pesticide use for Midwest Stream-Quality Assessment, 2012-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T13:04:17","indexId":"ds863","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-28T12:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"863","title":"Annual agricultural pesticide use for Midwest Stream-Quality Assessment, 2012-13","docAbstract":"This report provides estimates of annual agricultural use of 190 pesticide compounds for counties and selected watersheds of Midwestern States for 2012 and 2013 compiled for subsequent analysis by the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, Midwest Stream-Quality Assessment (MSQA). One of the goals of MSQA is to characterize contaminants at perennial-stream sites throughout the Corn Belt. Evaluating pesticide inputs from agricultural sources will aid in that characterization.
\nCrop acres for selected Midwestern crops were obtained from the Cropland Data Layer of the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Agricultural Statistics Service and used in conjunction with GfK Kynetec, Inc. proprietary Crop Reporting District-level pesticide-use data to estimate pesticide use for counties and watersheds. Estimated pesticide use (EPest) values were calculated by using both the “EPest-high” and “EPest-low” methods, the distinction being that there are more counties with estimated pesticide use for EPest-high compared to EPest-low, owing to differing assumptions about missing survey data.
\nCounty-level and watershed-level estimates of annual agricultural pesticide use are provided as downloadable, tab-delimited files for both EPest-high and Epest-low. Summary graphs of MSQA watershed-level pesticide use for selected crops are also provided.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds863","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Baker, N.T., and Stone, W.W., 2014, Annual agricultural pesticide use for Midwest Stream-Quality Assessment, 2012-13: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 863, Report: iv, 17 p.; Tables 4-7, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds863.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 17 p.; Tables 4-7","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-055603","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291165,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds863.jpg"},{"id":291163,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0863/pdf/ds863.pdf"},{"id":291161,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0863/"},{"id":291164,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0863/tables/ds863.zip"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.0577,35.9957 ], [ -104.0577,49.38 ], [ -80.5182,49.38 ], [ -80.5182,35.9957 ], [ -104.0577,35.9957 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, Nancy T. 0000-0002-7979-5744 ntbaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7979-5744","contributorId":1955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Nancy","email":"ntbaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, Wesley W. 0000-0003-0239-2063 wwstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0239-2063","contributorId":1496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Wesley","email":"wwstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70114018,"text":"ofr20141126 - 2014 - Estimation of methane concentrations and loads in groundwater discharge to Sugar Run, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T10:24:54","indexId":"ofr20141126","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-28T10:12:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1126","title":"Estimation of methane concentrations and loads in groundwater discharge to Sugar Run, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"A stream-sampling study was conducted to estimate methane concentrations and loads in groundwater discharge to a small stream in an active shale-gas development area of northeastern Pennsylvania. Grab samples collected from 15 streams in Bradford, Lycoming, Susquehanna, and Tioga Counties, Pa., during a reconnaissance survey in May and June 2013 contained dissolved methane concentrations ranging from less than the minimum reporting limit (1.0) to 68.5 micrograms per liter (µg/L). The stream-reach mass-balance method of estimating concentrations and loads of methane in groundwater discharge was applied to a 4-kilometer (km) reach of Sugar Run in Lycoming County, one of the four streams with methane concentrations greater than or equal to 5 µg/L. Three synoptic surveys of stream discharge and methane concentrations were conducted during base-flow periods in May, June, and November 2013. Stream discharge at the lower end of the reach was about 0.10, 0.04, and 0.02 cubic meters per second, respectively, and peak stream methane concentrations were about 20, 67, and 29 µg/L. In order to refine estimated amounts of groundwater discharge and locations where groundwater with methane discharges to the stream, the lower part of the study reach was targeted more precisely during the successive studies, with approximate spacing between stream sampling sites of 800 meters (m), 400 m, and 200 m, in May, June, and November, respectively. Samples collected from shallow piezometers and a seep near the location of the peak methane concentration measured in streamwater had groundwater methane concentrations of 2,300 to 4,600 µg/L. These field data, combined with one-dimensional stream-methane transport modeling, indicate groundwater methane loads of 1.8 ±0.8, 0.7 ±0.3, and 0.7 ±0.2 kilograms per day, respectively, discharging to Sugar Run. Estimated groundwater methane concentrations, based on the transport modeling, ranged from 100 to 3,200 µg/L. Although total methane load and the uncertainty in calculated loads both decreased with lower streamflow conditions and finer-resolution sampling in June and November, the higher loads during May could indicate seasonal variability in base flow. This is consistent with flowmeter measurements indicating that there was less inflow occurring at lower streamflow conditions during June and November.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141126","usgsCitation":"Heilweil, V.M., Risser, D.W., Conger, R.W., Grieve, P.L., and Hynek, S.A., 2014, Estimation of methane concentrations and loads in groundwater discharge to Sugar Run, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1126, viii, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141126.","productDescription":"viii, 31 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055342","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291113,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141126.jpg"},{"id":291112,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1126/"},{"id":291111,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1126/support/ofr2014-1126.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Lycoming County","otherGeospatial":"Sugar Run","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.60,41.25 ], [ -77.60,42.00 ], [ -75.50,42.00 ], [ -75.50,41.25 ], [ -77.60,41.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heilweil, Victor M. heilweil@usgs.gov","contributorId":837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heilweil","given":"Victor","email":"heilweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Risser, Dennis W. 0000-0001-9597-5406 dwrisser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9597-5406","contributorId":898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risser","given":"Dennis","email":"dwrisser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conger, Randall W. rwconger@usgs.gov","contributorId":2086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conger","given":"Randall","email":"rwconger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grieve, Paul L.","contributorId":45643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grieve","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hynek, Scott A. 0000-0002-6885-0445","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6885-0445","contributorId":52091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hynek","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70112486,"text":"sir20145100 - 2014 - Concentrations and transport of suspended sediment, nutrients, and pesticides in the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin during the 2011 Mississippi River flood, April through July","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T09:56:23","indexId":"sir20145100","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-28T09:42:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5100","title":"Concentrations and transport of suspended sediment, nutrients, and pesticides in the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin during the 2011 Mississippi River flood, April through July","docAbstract":"High streamflow associated with the April–July 2011 Mississippi River flood forced the simultaneous opening of the three major flood-control structures in the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin for the first time in history in order to manage the amount of water moving through the system. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected samples for analysis of field properties, suspended-sediment concentration, particle-size, total nitrogen, nitrate plus nitrite, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, and up to 136 pesticides at 11 water-quality stations and 2 flood-control structures in the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin from just above the confluence of the upper Mississippi and Ohio Rivers downstream from April through July 2011. Monthly fluxes of suspended sediment, suspended sand, total nitrogen, nitrate plus nitrite, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, atrazine, simazine, metolachlor, and acetochlor were estimated at 9 stations and 2 flood-control structures during the flood period.
\nAlthough concentrations during the 2011 flood were within the range of what has been observed historically, concentrations decreased during peak streamflow on the lower Mississippi River. Prior to the 2011 flood, high concentrations of suspended sediment and nitrate were observed in March 2011 at stations downstream of the confluence of the upper Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, which probably resulted in a loss of available material for movement during the flood. In addition, the major contributor of streamflow to the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin during April and May was the Ohio River, whose water contained lower concentrations of suspended sediment, pesticides, and nutrients than water from the upper Mississippi River. Estimated fluxes for the 4-month flood period were still quite high and contributed approximately 50 percent of the estimated annual suspended sediment, nitrate, and total phosphorus fluxes in 2011; the largest fluxes were estimated at the water-quality station located at Vicksburg, Mississippi.
\nThe majority of the suspended-sediment flux introduce into the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin during the 2011 flood was in the form of fine-grained particles from the upper Mississippi River—77 percent of the suspended-sediment flux compared to 23 percent from the Ohio River. As water moved downstream along the lower Mississippi River, there were losses in suspended-sediment flux because of deposition and backwater areas. Fluxes showed a greater response to increased streamflow in the Atchafalaya River than in the lower Mississippi River. The result was a gain in suspended-sediment flux with distance downstream in the Atchafalaya River because of resuspension of previously deposited materials—particularly sand particles. Overall, 13 percent less suspended sediment left the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin than entered it from the confluence of the upper Mississippi and Ohio Rivers during the flood. The loss in suspended-sediment flux during the flood accounted for 14 percent of the 2011 annual suspended-sediment flux loss within the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin.
\nNitrate composed approximately 70 percent of the total nitrogen flux at all of the sampled water-quality stations, excluding the Arkansas River. Almost 2.4 times more nitrate flux entered the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin from the upper Mississippi River than from the Ohio River. As nitrate moved down the lower Mississippi River and the Atchafalaya River, there were no substantial losses or gains in flux, indicating that nitrate moved conservatively within the subbasin during the 2011 flood. Although streamflow was the largest on record, nitrate flux during the flood period resulted in a zone of hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico that was only the tenth largest on record.
\nThe flux of total phosphorus in the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin during the 2011 flood was strongly related to suspended-sediment flux at most of the stations. There were significant gains in total phosphorus flux in the Atchafalaya River during the flood period and losses between the stations along the lower Mississippi River. Overall, however, the amount of total phosphorus flux that left the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin was only 1.7 percent less than the flux that entered it from the upper Mississippi River and the Ohio River, indicating that total phosphorus flux within the subbasin during the flood was conservative.
\nAs streamflow was decreasing within the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin, orthophosphate composed an increasing percentage of the total phosphorus concentration, probably because of the return of waters low in oxygen concentration from areas such as inundated lands, backwater streams, and floodways. Poorly oxygenated waters promote the release of sediment-bound phosphorus into the more-readily available dissolved form (measured as orthophosphate in this study). Because of processing within the subbasin during the flood period, there was a 25-percent gain in orthophosphate flux between the confluence of the upper Mississippi and Ohio Rivers and the outlet of the subbasin.
\nOf the 136 pesticide compounds and degradates that were analyzed, only 18 were detected above the method reporting level. The 18 compounds that were detected fell into three categories: (1) compounds that were frequently detected and showed a response in concentration to the flood; (2) compounds that were detected in almost every sample at every station but at low concentrations; and (3) compounds that were infrequently detected. Fluxes for the most frequently detected pesticides having the highest concentrations (atrazine, metolachlor, acetochlor, and simazine) were within the low-to-middle range of historic fluxes.
\nAn average of 66,450 cubic feet per second of streamflow was diverted from the lower Mississippi River through the Morganza Floodway into the Atchafalaya River from May 14 through July 7, 2011. Dissolved oxygen concentrations in the floodway decreased with the amount of time that the flood control structure was open, which affected nitrate and orthophosphate concentrations. As dissolved oxygen concentrations decreased in the floodway, nitrate concentrations decreased and orthophosphate concentrations increased. Oil and gas samples were also collected at 1 station upstream and 1 station downstream from the outlet of the Morganza Floodway into the Atchafalaya River. There were no detections of petroleum hydrocarbons in the upstream or downstream samples. All concentrations of oil and grease were relatively low, and the effect of water from the floodway on water quality in the Atchafalaya River could not be determined because oil and grease samples were not collected from the floodway.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145100","collaboration":"National Stream Quality Accounting Network","usgsCitation":"Welch, H.L., Coupe, R.H., and Aulenbach, B.T., 2014, Concentrations and transport of suspended sediment, nutrients, and pesticides in the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River subbasin during the 2011 Mississippi River flood, April through July: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5100, v, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145100.","productDescription":"v, 44 p.","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2011-04-01","temporalEnd":"2011-07-31","ipdsId":"IP-043690","costCenters":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291106,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145100.jpg"},{"id":291104,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5100/"},{"id":291105,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5100/pdf/sir2014-5100.pdf"}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lower Mississippi-atchafalaya River Subbasin;Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.1,28.6 ], [ -109.1,40.0 ], [ -85.0,40.0 ], [ -85.0,28.6 ], [ -109.1,28.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welch, Heather L. 0000-0001-8370-7711 hllott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8370-7711","contributorId":552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"Heather","email":"hllott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":105,"text":"Alabama Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coupe, Richard H. 0000-0001-8679-1015 rhcoupe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-1015","contributorId":551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"Richard","email":"rhcoupe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aulenbach, Brent T. 0000-0003-2863-1288 btaulenb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2863-1288","contributorId":3057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aulenbach","given":"Brent","email":"btaulenb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70104293,"text":"sir20145062 - 2014 - Repeated multibeam echosounder hydrographic surveys of 15 selected bridge crossings along the Missouri River from Niobrara to Rulo, Nebraska, during the flood of 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T09:38:47","indexId":"sir20145062","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-28T09:31:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5062","title":"Repeated multibeam echosounder hydrographic surveys of 15 selected bridge crossings along the Missouri River from Niobrara to Rulo, Nebraska, during the flood of 2011","docAbstract":"In 2011, unprecedented flooding in the Missouri River prompted transportation agencies to increase the frequency of monitoring riverbed elevations near bridges that cross the Missouri River. Hydrographic surveys were completed in cooperation with the Nebraska Department of Roads, using a multibeam echosounder at 15 highway bridges spanning the Missouri River from Niobrara to Rulo, Nebraska during and after the extreme 2011 flood.
\nEvidence of bed elevation change near bridge piers was documented. The greatest amount of bed elevation change during the 2011 flood documented for this study occurred at the Burt County Missouri River Bridge at Decatur, Nebraska, where scour of about 45 feet, from before flooding, occurred between a bridge abutment and pier. Of the remaining sites, highway bridges where bed elevation change near piers appeared to have exceeded 10 feet include the Abraham Lincoln Memorial Bridge at Blair, Nebr., Bellevue Bridge at Bellevue, Nebr., and Nebraska City Bridge at Nebraska City, Nebr.
\nHydrographic surveys at 14 of the 15 sites were completed in mid-July and again in early October or late-November 2011. Near three of the bridges, the bed elevation of locations surveyed in July increased by more than 10 feet, on average, by late October or early November 2011. Bed elevations increased between 1 and 10 feet, on average, near six bridges. Near the remaining four bridges, bed elevations decreased between 1 and 4 feet, on average, from July to late October or early November.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145062","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nebraska Department of Roads","usgsCitation":"Dietsch, B.J., Densmore, B.K., and Strauch, K.R., 2014, Repeated multibeam echosounder hydrographic surveys of 15 selected bridge crossings along the Missouri River from Niobrara to Rulo, Nebraska, during the flood of 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5062, xiii, 153 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145062.","productDescription":"xiii, 153 p.","numberOfPages":"172","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-041877","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291098,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145062.jpg"},{"id":291096,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5062/"},{"id":291097,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5062/pdf/sir2014-5062.pdf"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, zone 14","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.25,39.75 ], [ -98.25,43.25 ], [ -94.0,43.25 ], [ -94.0,39.75 ], [ -98.25,39.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dietsch, Benjamin J. 0000-0003-1090-409X bdietsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1090-409X","contributorId":1346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietsch","given":"Benjamin","email":"bdietsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":84311,"text":"Central Plains Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Densmore, Brenda K. 0000-0003-2429-638X bdensmore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2429-638X","contributorId":4896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Brenda","email":"bdensmore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strauch, Kellan R. 0000-0002-7218-2099 kstrauch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7218-2099","contributorId":1006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strauch","given":"Kellan","email":"kstrauch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70118084,"text":"70118084 - 2014 - Assessing the solubility controls on vanadium in groundwater, northeastern San Joaquin Valley, CA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T10:01:01","indexId":"70118084","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-25T14:35:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the solubility controls on vanadium in groundwater, northeastern San Joaquin Valley, CA","docAbstract":"The solubility controls on vanadium (V) in groundwater were studied due to concerns over possible harmful health effects of ingesting V in drinking water. Vanadium concentrations in the northeastern San Joaquin Valley ranged from <3 μg/L to 70 μg/L with a median of 21 μg/L. Concentrations of V were highest in samples collected from oxic groundwater (49% > 25 μg/L) and lowest in samples collected from anoxic groundwater (70% < 0.8 μg/L). In oxic groundwater, speciation modeling (SM) using PHREEQC predicted that V exists primarily as the oxyanion H2VO4−. Adsorption/desorption reactions with mineral surfaces and associated oxide coatings were indicated as the primary solubility control of V5+ oxyanions in groundwater. Environmental data showed that V concentrations in oxic groundwater generally increased with increasing groundwater pH. However, data from adsorption isotherm experiments indicated that small variations in pH (7.4–8.2) were not likely as an important a factor as the inherent adsorption capacity of oxide assemblages coating the surface of mineral grains. In suboxic groundwater, accurate SM modeling was difficult since Eh measurements of source water were not measured in this study. Vanadium concentrations in suboxic groundwater decreased with increasing pH indicating that V may exist as an oxycationic species [e.g. V(OH)3+]. Vanadium may complex with dissolved inorganic and organic ligands under suboxic conditions, which could alter the adsorption behavior of V in groundwater. Speciation modeling did not predict the existence of V-inorganic ligand complexes and organic ligands were not collected as part of this study. More work is needed to determine processes governing V solubility under suboxic groundwater conditions. Under anoxic groundwater conditions, SM predicts that aqueous V exists as the uncharged V(OH)3 molecule. However, exceedingly low V concentrations show that V is sparingly soluble in anoxic conditions. Results indicated that V may be precipitating as V3+- or mixed V3+/Fe3+-oxides in anoxic groundwater, which is consistent with results of a previous study. The fact that V appears insoluble in anoxic (Fe reducing) redox conditions indicates that the behavior of V is different than arsenic (As) in aquifer systems where the reductive dissolution of Fe-oxides with As adsorbed to the surface is a well-documented mechanism for increasing As concentrations in groundwater. This hypothesis is supported by the relation of V to As concentrations in oxic versus anoxic redox conditions.
\nSequential extraction procedures (SEP) applied to aquifer material showed that the greatest amount of V was recovered by the nitric acid (HNO3) extract (37–71%), followed by the oxalate-ascorbic acid extract (19–60%) and the oxalate extract (3–14%). These results indicate that V was not associated with the solid phase as an easily exchangeable fraction. Although the total amount of V recovered was greatest for the HNO3 extract that targets V adsorbed to sorption sites of crystalline Al, Fe and Mn oxides, the greatest V saturation of sorption sites appeared to occur on the amorphous and poorly crystalline oxide solid phases targeted by the oxalate and oxalate-ascorbic acid extracts respectively. Adsorption isotherm experiments showed no correlation between V sorption and any of the fractions identified by the SEP. This lack of correlation indicates the application of an SEP alone is not adequate to estimate the sorption characteristics of V in an aquifer system.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.06.025","usgsCitation":"Wright, M.T., Stollenwerk, K.G., and Belitz, K., 2014, Assessing the solubility controls on vanadium in groundwater, northeastern San Joaquin Valley, CA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 48, p. 41-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.06.025.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-045310","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291026,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291025,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.06.025"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.5,37.0 ], [ -121.5,38.5 ], [ -120.0,38.5 ], [ -120.0,37.0 ], [ -121.5,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Michael T. 0000-0003-0653-6466 mtwright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0653-6466","contributorId":1508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Michael","email":"mtwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stollenwerk, Kenneth G. kgstolle@usgs.gov","contributorId":578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stollenwerk","given":"Kenneth","email":"kgstolle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":496244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}