This plan has been prepared under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 and subsequent amendments. The Plan is designed to provide decision makers with an orderly set of events which, if carried out to a successful completion, will result in changing the status of the species from the endangered to the threatened level. It must be recognized that this Plan has been prepared 40 years after attempts to preserve the species began. As such, it covers events that have taken place, that are taking place, and that need to take place. The Plan, therefore, not only compiles in one place all whooping crane management and research efforts which are underway, but also proposes additional efforts needed for the recovery of the whooping crane. The Plan also establishes funding evels, time schedules, and priorities for each management and research effort.
The Plan is organized into three parts. the first part includes an account of the whooping crane's history, biology, present status, and the factors believed to have resulted in its endangered status. Also included in this part is a synopsis of research and management activities that have taken place through 1978.
The second part is a step-down pan wherein all existing and needed research and management efforts are organized into an orderly set of events. The prime objective is to move the whooping crane to non-endangered status. Minimum requirements for the attainment of this objective are the increase of the historical Wood Buffalo-Aransas population to at least 40 nesting pairs and the establishment of at least two additional, separate, and self-sustaining populations consisting of at least 20 nesting pairs each.
the third part identifies the responsibility, time schedule, and cost for each element of the step-down plan.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Olsen, D.L., Blankenship, D.R., Irby, H.D., Erickson, R.C., Lock, R., Drewien, R.C., and Smith, L.S., 1980, Whooping crane recovery plan, vi, 206.","productDescription":"vi, 206","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e486ce4b07f02db50afd9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Derrickson, Scott R.","contributorId":102590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derrickson","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":505785,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Olsen, David L.","contributorId":116002,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olsen","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":726771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blankenship, David R.","contributorId":146255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blankenship","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":27800,"text":"National Audubon Society","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":726772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Irby, Harold D.","contributorId":140665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Irby","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27442,"text":"Texas parks and Wildlife Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":726773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Erickson, Ray C.","contributorId":119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Erickson","given":"Ray","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lock, Ross","contributorId":82648,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lock","given":"Ross","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17640,"text":"Nebraska Game and Parks Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":726775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Drewien, Roderick C.","contributorId":195989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drewien","given":"Roderick","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":342,"text":"Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, Lawrence S.","contributorId":3511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":726777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":5200107,"text":"5200107 - 1980 - Recovery Plan for the Eastern Brown Pelican","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:16","indexId":"5200107","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Recovery Plan for the Eastern Brown Pelican","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"[Washington, DC]","usgsCitation":"1980, Recovery Plan for the Eastern Brown Pelican, iv, 46.","productDescription":"iv, 46","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db63545f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Williams, L. E.= Jr.","contributorId":111425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.=","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505792,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blus, L. J.","contributorId":38116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blus","given":"L.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505789,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McNease, L.L.","contributorId":112855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNease","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505793,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nesbitt, S.A.","contributorId":13572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nesbitt","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505788,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"King, Kirk A.","contributorId":9203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505787,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Neely, B.S. Jr.","contributorId":45019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neely","given":"B.S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505790,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schreiber, R.W.","contributorId":92782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreiber","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505791,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70160689,"text":"70160689 - 1980 - Landsat image map of the Arabian Peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-28T20:51:37","indexId":"70160689","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-29T00:15:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Landsat image map of the Arabian Peninsula","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Jiddah, Saudi Arabia","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, and Saudi Arabia. Mudīrīyah al-ʻĀmmah lil-Tharwah al-Maʻdinīyah, 1980, Landsat image map of the Arabian Peninsula, 22.44 x 25.98 inches.","productDescription":"22.44 x 25.98 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":312964,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"4000000","projection":"Lambert conformal conic","country":"Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen","otherGeospatial":"Persian Gulf, Red Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 35,\n 32\n ],\n [\n 35,\n 12\n ],\n [\n 61,\n 12\n ],\n [\n 61,\n 32\n ],\n [\n 35,\n 32\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56826b43e4b0a04ef4925b62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128240,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey","id":583565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saudi Arabia. Mudīrīyah al-ʻĀmmah lil-Tharwah al-Maʻdinīyah","contributorId":147334,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Saudi Arabia. Mudīrīyah al-ʻĀmmah lil-Tharwah al-Maʻdinīyah","id":583566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70160677,"text":"70160677 - 1980 - Landsat image map of the Southern Ḩijāz quadrangle, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-28T18:00:22","indexId":"70160677","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Landsat image map of the Southern Ḩijāz quadrangle, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"Saudi Arabian Mission
Miscellaneous Map 32
Interagency Report 331
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Bureau Of Sport Fisheries And Wildlife, 1980, This is a salmon hatchery: Resource Publication 56, 2 p.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bd73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bureau Of Sport Fisheries And Wildlife","contributorId":128243,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Bureau Of Sport Fisheries And Wildlife","id":534696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27096,"text":"wri8060 - 1980 - Evaluation of a cavity-riddled zone of the shallow aquifer near Riviera Beach, Palm Beach County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-10T16:25:33.849865","indexId":"wri8060","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T20:50:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-60","title":"Evaluation of a cavity-riddled zone of the shallow aquifer near Riviera Beach, Palm Beach County, Florida","docAbstract":"The shallow aquifer near Riviera Beach, Palm Beach County, Fla., contains a cavity-riddled zone extending north and south about 5 miles inland from the Atlantic Ocean. The zone lies at approximately 60 feet below land surface and varies from 15 to 50 feet in thickness. It is approximately 3 miles in width. Aquifer material is calcareous quartz sand-stone in the cavity zone, whereas the remainder of the consolidated aquifer material is primarily limestone. The zone is overlain by several thin clay beds which provide varying degrees of confinement. The transmissivity of the cavity-riddled zone of the aquifer in the area of investigation is approximately 11,000 square feet per day. Preliminary evaluation indicates that large volumes of water of suitable quality for public supply can be developed from the zone, except in an area adjacent to a landfill where leachate has adversely affected water quality. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri8060","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Palm Beach County Board of Commissioners, South Florida Water Management District, and City of Riviera Beach","usgsCitation":"Fischer, J.N., 1980, Evaluation of a cavity-riddled zone of the shallow aquifer near Riviera Beach, Palm Beach County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-60, v, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8060.","productDescription":"v, 39 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2205,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0060/wri8060.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.86 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 80-60"},{"id":158650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0060/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.37048339843749,\n 26.31803652294905\n ],\n [\n -79.6893310546875,\n 26.31803652294905\n ],\n [\n -79.6893310546875,\n 27.122702042259434\n ],\n [\n -80.37048339843749,\n 27.122702042259434\n ],\n [\n -80.37048339843749,\n 26.31803652294905\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Lakes developed on progressively younger end moraines of the Klutlan Glacier were initially assumed to have originated shortly after moraine emplacement and to have persisted to the present. Limnological differences between lakes on old vs young moraines were thought to result from limnological maturation within the lakes and ponds themselves and in response to the development of soils and vegetation on moraine surfaces. This study represents a paleolimnological test of this hypothesis. If true, the first-formed sediments of lakes on old moraines should be comparable to sediments presently forming in lakes on young moraines. Geochemical and paleontological studies of surface sediment to a series of lakes on progressively older moraines provide baseline information for comparing successive levels of lake sediment cores from older moraines. Results indicate that the time of lake initiation seldom reflects moraine age. Even on the oldest moraine (Harris Creek), lake basins are presently forming. Their sediment character more closely relates to the rapidity of basin formation due to melting of buried ice than to age of the lake itself or of the moraine on which it is situated. Vegetation and soil development play an important but secondary role in determining the character of lake sediments; rapid subsidence can convert humic-water lakes surrounded by second-generation spruce forests into turbid-water lakes with unstable, slumping margins. A detailed paleolimnological study of two lakes, one on the unglaciated upland and another in an outwash channel penetrating the oldest moraine, revealed progressive limnologic changes through time, suggesting that their basins were stable for 1200 and 400 yr, respectively. The changes in diatom stratigraphy of these lakes appear to relate to natural limnological changes associated with lake maturation and accumulation of nutrients as well as to changes in the surrounding vegetation and soils.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(80)90011-3","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Bradbury, J., and Whiteside, M., 1980, Paleolimnology of two lakes in the Klutlan Glacier region, Yukon Territory, Canada: Quaternary Research, v. 14, no. 1, p. 149-168, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(80)90011-3.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"168","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222702,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Klutlan Glacier, Yukon Territory","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -142.43870210452135,\n 61.38706588615386\n ],\n [\n -142.43870210452135,\n 60.25153104610189\n ],\n [\n -139.92555185207507,\n 60.25153104610189\n ],\n [\n -139.92555185207507,\n 61.38706588615386\n ],\n [\n -142.43870210452135,\n 61.38706588615386\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73ffe4b0c8380cd773a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradbury, J.P.","contributorId":14431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whiteside, M.C.","contributorId":20610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whiteside","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012274,"text":"70012274 - 1980 - The origin and distribution of subbottom sediments in southern Lake Champlain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-10T16:42:24.080708","indexId":"70012274","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The origin and distribution of subbottom sediments in southern Lake Champlain","docAbstract":"Three units, correlatable with recent Lake Champlain, late-glacial marine Champlain Sea, and proglacial Lake Vermont sediments, have been identified from about 200 km of high-resolution seismic reflection profiles and eight piston cores collected in southern Lake Champlain. Lake Vermont deposits are nonfossiliferous and range from thin to absent nearshore and on bedrock highs to more than 126 m thick near Split Rock Point. Champlain Sea sediments contain marine foraminifers and ostracodes and are fairly uniform in thickness (20–30 m). Recent Lake Champlain sediments range in thickness from 0 to 25 m. Average sedimentation rates for Lake Vermont are considerably higher (4–8 cm/yr) than those for the Champlain Sea (0.8–1.2 cm/yr) and Lake Champlain (0.14–0.15 cm/yr). Bedrock, till, and deltaic and alluvial deposits were also identified on the acoustic records but were not sampled. An unconformity separating Champlain Sea deposits from Lake Champlain deposits is associated with numerous benches at water depths of 20–30 m. These benches, the alluvial deposits, and the onset of deltaic deposition are probably associated with a low water level stillstand at the close of the Champlain Sea episode.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(80)90050-2","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Freeman-Lynde, R.P., Hutchinson, D.R., Folger, D.W., Wiley, B., and Hewett, M., 1980, The origin and distribution of subbottom sediments in southern Lake Champlain: Quaternary Research, v. 14, no. 2, p. 224-239, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(80)90050-2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"224","endPage":"239","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222301,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York, Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Lake Champlain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.40451946224272,\n 45.00541483750763\n ],\n [\n -73.49915994419439,\n 44.72744128823895\n ],\n [\n -73.44522146504349,\n 44.449541978720276\n ],\n [\n -73.38050347635054,\n 44.2660121027358\n ],\n [\n -73.503642280401,\n 44.076889042895814\n ],\n [\n -73.43624582493683,\n 43.88763615760968\n ],\n [\n -73.4808875071692,\n 43.837515368132074\n ],\n [\n -73.37372498923779,\n 43.84098971267329\n ],\n [\n -73.3752111149668,\n 43.781951976188616\n ],\n [\n -73.36133150921712,\n 44.03769432804951\n ],\n [\n -73.18789798484372,\n 44.426496345020944\n ],\n [\n -73.13685747836459,\n 45.00898127347486\n ],\n [\n -73.40451946224272,\n 45.00541483750763\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae60e4b08c986b324055","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freeman-Lynde, R. P.","contributorId":102203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman-Lynde","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hutchinson, D. R.","contributorId":31770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Folger, D. W.","contributorId":97126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folger","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wiley, B.H.","contributorId":33452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiley","given":"B.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hewett, M.J.","contributorId":81252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hewett","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70012300,"text":"70012300 - 1980 - Biostratigraphic correlation of Pleistocene marine deposits and sea levels, Atlantic coastal plain of the southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-10T16:34:21.813304","indexId":"70012300","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biostratigraphic correlation of Pleistocene marine deposits and sea levels, Atlantic coastal plain of the southeastern United States","docAbstract":"Marine ostracodes from 50 localities were studied to determine the age and elevation of Pleistocene sea levels in the Atlantic coastal plain from Maryland to northern Florida. Using ostracode taxon and concurrent ranges, published planktic biostratigraphic, paleomagnetic, and radiometric data, ostracode assemblage zones representing early (1.8-1.0 my), middle (0.7-0.4 my), and late (0.3-0.01 my) Pleistocene deposition were recognized and used as a basis for correlation. Ostracode biofacies signifying lagoonal, oyster bank, estuarine, open sound, and inner sublittoral environments provided estimated ranges of paleodepths for each locality. From these data the following minimum and maximum Pleistocene sea-level estimates were determined for the southeastern coastal plain: late Pleistocene, 2–10 m from Maryland to northern Florida; middle Pleistocene, 6–15 m in northern South Carolina; early Pleistocene, 4–22 m in central North Carolina, 13–35 m in southern North Carolina, and 6–27 m in South Carolina. Climatically induced glacio-eustatic sea-level fluctuations adequately account for the late Pleistocene sea-level data, but other factors, possibly differential crustal uplift, may have complicated the early Pleistocene record.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(80)90030-7","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Cronin, T.M., 1980, Biostratigraphic correlation of Pleistocene marine deposits and sea levels, Atlantic coastal plain of the southeastern United States: Quaternary Research, v. 13, no. 2, p. 213-229, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(80)90030-7.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"229","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222711,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"outer Atlantic coastal plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.6682117014428,\n 39.72546615281436\n ],\n [\n -78.27306340052574,\n 39.72546615281436\n ],\n [\n -76.79283465669067,\n 35.80318518317111\n ],\n [\n -78.92672601079443,\n 34.211873008948075\n ],\n [\n -81.5678472539687,\n 32.31895649692177\n ],\n [\n -82.46579959616699,\n 30.334640126166143\n ],\n [\n -81.65380345742214,\n 28.88877856472959\n ],\n [\n -80.26494895491757,\n 28.984380993004663\n ],\n [\n -78.17025116547585,\n 32.633662226362965\n ],\n [\n -74.65942093769509,\n 34.989617964023566\n ],\n [\n -75.41645363794126,\n 37.717116373821035\n ],\n [\n -76.6682117014428,\n 39.72546615281436\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f198e4b0c8380cd4ad1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, T. M. 0000-0002-2643-0979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":42613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":363214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012299,"text":"70012299 - 1980 - Remote sensing data of SP Mountain and SP Lava flow in north-central Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-17T16:21:00.123841","indexId":"70012299","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote sensing data of SP Mountain and SP Lava flow in north-central Arizona","docAbstract":"Multifrequency airborne radar image data of SP Mountain [Official name of feature (U.S. Geological Survey, 1970)] and SP flow (and vicinity) in north-central Arizona were obtained in diverse viewing directions and direct and cross-polarization, then compared with surface and aerial photography, LANDSAT multispectral scanner data, airborne thermal infrared imagery, surface geology, and surface roughness statistics. The extremely blocky, basaltic andesite of SP flow is significantly brighter on direct-polarization K-band (0.9-cm wavelength) images than on cross-polarized images taken simultaneously. Conversely, for the longer wavelength (25 cm) L-band radar images, the cross-polarization image returns from SP flow are brighter than the direct-polarized image. This effect is explained by multiple scattering and the strong wavelength dependence of polarization effects caused by the rectilinear basaltic andesite scatters. Two distinct types of surface relief on SP flow, one extremely blocky, the other subdued, are found to be clearly discriminated on the visible and thermal wavelength images but are separable only on the longer wavelength L-band radar image data. The inability of the K- and X- (3-cm wavelength) band radars to portray the differences in roughness between the two SP flow surface units is attributed to the radar frequency dependence of the surface-relief scale, which, described as the Rayleigh criterion, represents the transition between quasispecular and primarily diffuse backscatter.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0034-4257(80)90005-X","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Schaber, G.G., Elachi, C., and Farr, T., 1980, Remote sensing data of SP Mountain and SP Lava flow in north-central Arizona: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 9, no. 2, p. 149-170, https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(80)90005-X.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"170","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222710,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"SP Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.66197290240515,\n 35.5996036542068\n ],\n [\n -111.66197290240515,\n 35.56964914772462\n ],\n [\n -111.60519861852526,\n 35.56964914772462\n ],\n [\n -111.60519861852526,\n 35.5996036542068\n ],\n [\n -111.66197290240515,\n 35.5996036542068\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa6f8e4b0c8380cd8514b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaber, G. G.","contributorId":68300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaber","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elachi, C.","contributorId":104606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elachi","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farr, T.G.","contributorId":49932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farr","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012268,"text":"70012268 - 1980 - Local magnetic field measurements and fault creep observations on the San Andreas fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-28T16:55:22.37264","indexId":"70012268","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Local magnetic field measurements and fault creep observations on the San Andreas fault","docAbstract":"Simultaneous creep and magnetic field records have been obtained for more than 60 episodic creep events since early 1974, no clear magnetic transients or offsets, as suggested by Breiner and Kovach (1968), are observed at or up to several days before the occurrence times of these events. Although some patterns of creep onset times at adjacent stations over periods of weeks to months appear to correspond to some periods of longer term change in local magnetic field, these changes do not always occur and other groups of creep events have no corresponding changes in local magnetic field. Changes in stress related to the surface expression of episodic fault creep on the San Andreas fault can be estimated from dislocation models fit to observations of simultaneous strains and tilts at points near the fault. These stress values are generally less than 1 bar. For these stress levels and with the apparent limited extent of surface failure, tectonomagnetic models of creep events indicate that simultaneous observations of related magnetic field variations at detectable levels of a gamma or so are unlikely. Slip at greater depth may occur more smoothly and would load the near-surface material to failure. These data also argue against large-scale dilatant cracking occurring along the region of the fault presently monitored.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(80)90261-9","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Johnston, M., Smith, B., and Burford, R.O., 1980, Local magnetic field measurements and fault creep observations on the San Andreas fault: Tectonophysics, v. 64, no. 1-2, p. 47-57, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(80)90261-9.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"57","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222247,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.73713059191894,\n 38.02623917115008\n ],\n [\n -122.18439556906878,\n 36.3530631585873\n ],\n [\n -121.0969511840688,\n 34.59516571202404\n ],\n [\n -120.06558593874688,\n 34.74603016116721\n ],\n [\n -119.3163371495885,\n 35.68691018922153\n ],\n [\n -119.80297574464274,\n 36.855714289156964\n ],\n [\n -120.54105784118713,\n 38.00779908036776\n ],\n [\n -122.73713059191894,\n 38.02623917115008\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a48dde4b0c8380cd681a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, M.J.S. 0000-0003-4326-8368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-8368","contributorId":104889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, B.E.","contributorId":36495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burford, Robert O.","contributorId":52560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burford","given":"Robert","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012301,"text":"70012301 - 1980 - Folding and faulting of strain-hardening sedimentary rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-28T16:50:17.539546","indexId":"70012301","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Folding and faulting of strain-hardening sedimentary rocks","docAbstract":"The question of whether single- or multi-layers of sedimentary rocks will fault or fold when subjected to layer-parallel shortening is investigated by means of the theory of elastic-plastic, strain-hardening materials, which should closely describe the properties of sedimentary rocks at high levels in the Earth's crust. The most attractive feature of the theory is that folding and faulting, intimately related in nature, are different responses of the same idealized material to different conditions.
When single-layers of sedimentary rock behave much as strain-hardening materials they are unlikely to fold, rather they tend to fault, because contrasts in elasticity and strength properties of sedimentary rocks are low. Amplifications of folds in such materials are negligible whether contacts between layer and media are bonded or free to slip for single layers of dolomite, limestone, sandstone, or siltstone in media of shale. Multilayers of these same rocks fault rather than fold if contacts are bonded, but they fold readily if contacts between layers are frictionless, or have low yield strengths, for example due to high pore-water pressure. Faults may accompany the folds, occurring where compression is increased in cores of folds. Where there is predominant reverse faulting in sedimentary sequences, there probably were few structural units.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(80)90196-1","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Johnson, A.M., 1980, Folding and faulting of strain-hardening sedimentary rocks: Tectonophysics, v. 62, no. 3-4, p. 251-278, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(80)90196-1.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"278","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222712,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"western California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.66235217286965,\n 35.13697468307856\n ],\n [\n -120.66235217286965,\n 34.41970472815909\n ],\n [\n -120.05840999930592,\n 34.41970472815909\n ],\n [\n -120.05840999930592,\n 35.13697468307856\n ],\n [\n -120.66235217286965,\n 35.13697468307856\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"62","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a12afe4b0c8380cd543d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Arvid M.","contributorId":99547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Arvid","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012267,"text":"70012267 - 1980 - Single and superimposed bedforms: A synthesis of San Francisco Bay and flume observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-25T13:21:18.968499","indexId":"70012267","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Single and superimposed bedforms: A synthesis of San Francisco Bay and flume observations","docAbstract":"Tidal currents with maximum depth-averaged velocities ranging up to 250 cm/sec have generated ripples, two- and three-dimensional sand waves, and upper flat beds on the floor of central San Francisco Bay. Determination of the hydraulic conditions under which the observed beds exist, indicates that the bed configuration at any point in the bay is a function of the local velocity, sediment size, and depth. The bay observations, for flows up to 85 m deep, were combined with shallow-flow observations and a single set of bed-phase boundaries was determined for the combined data. Critical shear velocities calculated for the transitions from ripples to sand waves and from sand waves to upper flat beds, in flows tens of meters deep, are within 10% of critical shear velocities observed for the same transitions in flume flows only tens of centimeters deep.
Comparison of bedform sequences suggests that, for flows up to tens of meters deep, beds of 0.25–0.50 mm sand respond to increasing flow velocities by forming ripples, two-dimensional sand waves, three-dimensional sand waves, and flat beds. At any constant depth, equilibrium sand waves increase in height and migration rate as flow velocity increases. The wavelength and maximum height of both two- and three-dimensional sand waves increase with depth also, but migration rates decrease. Because the maximum size of both kinds of bedforms varies with depth, classification schemes based on size arbitrarily separate genetically similar bedforms.
In the bay, in contrast to flumes, sand waves having the largest height-to-depth ratios occur in relatively coarse sand. Tidal and seasonal velocity fluctuations are interpreted to be more destructive to finer-grained sand waves, because in finer grain sizes sand waves are stable at a relatively narrow range of velocities.
Ripples, sand waves, and upper and lower flat beds are commonly superimposed on larger bedforms. Small bedforms can exist in equilibrium on the larger bedforms because the large bedforms generate boundary layers in which the small bedforms are locally stable. The distribution of small bedforms superimposed on larger bedforms reflects lateral and vertical variations in shear velocity in flow over large bedforms.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0037-0738(80)90012-3","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Rubin, D.M., and McCulloch, D.S., 1980, Single and superimposed bedforms: A synthesis of San Francisco Bay and flume observations: Sedimentary Geology, v. 26, no. 1-3, p. 207-231, https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(80)90012-3.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"231","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222189,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.53161226855231,\n 38.006530992305926\n ],\n [\n -122.53161226855231,\n 37.73550754774324\n ],\n [\n -122.25309708709966,\n 37.73550754774324\n ],\n [\n -122.25309708709966,\n 38.006530992305926\n ],\n [\n -122.53161226855231,\n 38.006530992305926\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b90d8e4b08c986b3196a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, D. M.","contributorId":103689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCulloch, D. S.","contributorId":78315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCulloch","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012266,"text":"70012266 - 1980 - Identification of bedforms in lower Cook Inlet, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-24T15:49:00.496286","indexId":"70012266","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of bedforms in lower Cook Inlet, Alaska","docAbstract":"The seafloor of the central part of lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, is characterized by the presence of different sizes and types of bedforms. The bedforms in the sandy sediments include straight-crested to sinuous to lunate ripples, small, medium, and large sand waves, sand ridges, sand ribbons, and sand patches. In addition, rocky and pebbly seafloor has been identified. The water depth ranges from 25 to 120 m, and surface currents average 3.8 kt (2 m/s). Bottom currents have been measured at as much as 42 cm/s at 1 m above bottom. Underwater television observations have shown that the rate of sand transport is lower than expected because small amounts of clay and organic matter appear to inhibit remobilization. Only during the last 1 to 2 h of ebb and flood stages of spring tides, and during storms, does significant transport occur.
Comparison of data from high-resolution seismic profiling systems, side-scan sonar, bottom television and camera, and bottom sampling shows that bottom and bedform interpretations based solely on sonographs can be in error. Measuring the length of ‘acoustic shadows’ on sonographs to obtain bedform heights gives dimensions that are too large by factors of 3–7. Bottom television investigations revealed that the troughs between small sand waves are flat and carpeted by shell fragments. Such coarse material has a high acoustic reflectance that is not related to slope or height and can lead to false interpretations on bedform dimensions. Our observations have shown that small sand waves commonly superimposed on larger ones are slightly higher than those present on flat hard bottom but are still less than calculated from acoustic shadows.
Where the bottom is rather smooth or contains elevations small enough to be masked by bathymetric ‘noise’ caused by the pitching of the vessel, sonographs typically show either small sand waves, sand ribbons, sand patches, rocks, or smooth bottom. The smooth-bottom category can vary widely from ripples to gravelly or shelly or to small rocks with biological overgrowth as verified by television observations.
Our observations have clearly demonstrated the need for an integrated multi-scale observation and sampling program in order to classify the bottom characteristics and to provide quantitative data for transport calculations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0037-0738(80)90010-X","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Bouma, A., Rappeport, M., Orlando, R., and Hampton, M.A., 1980, Identification of bedforms in lower Cook Inlet, Alaska: Sedimentary Geology, v. 26, no. 1-3, p. 157-177, https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(80)90010-X.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"177","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222188,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"lower Cook Inlet","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.4870322206383,\n 60.100055067421806\n ],\n [\n -153.1066624856955,\n 59.49951256275391\n ],\n [\n -152.6488113750808,\n 59.05498886789985\n ],\n [\n -152.22257659606962,\n 59.07011485805333\n ],\n [\n -152.00553241070148,\n 59.20694226681388\n ],\n [\n -151.80028880939128,\n 60.072502146811104\n ],\n [\n -152.4870322206383,\n 60.100055067421806\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3822e4b0c8380cd61460","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bouma, A.H.","contributorId":107281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouma","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rappeport, M.L.","contributorId":48157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rappeport","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orlando, R.C.","contributorId":69152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orlando","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hampton, M. A.","contributorId":103271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70012350,"text":"70012350 - 1980 - Geochronology of archean gneisses in the Lake Helen area, southwestern Big Horn Mountains, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-25T16:45:06.184782","indexId":"70012350","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochronology of archean gneisses in the Lake Helen area, southwestern Big Horn Mountains, Wyoming","docAbstract":"The Rb-Sr and U-Pb methods were used to study gneisses in the
A Rb-Sr whole-rock isochron for E-1 gneisses indicates an age of 3007 ± 34 Ma (1 sigma) and an initial 87Sr/86Sr of 0.7001 ± 0.0001. U-Pb determination on zircon from E-1 gneisses yield a concordia intercept age of 2947 ± 50 Ma. The low initial ratio suggests that the gneisses had no significant crustal history prior to metamorphism, and that the magmas from which they formed had originated from a mafic source.
A RbSr whole-rock isochron for E-2 gneisses gives an age of 2801 ± 31 Ma. The 87Sr/86Sr initial ration is 0.7015 ± 0.0002 and precludes the existence of the rocks for more than 150 Ma prior to metamorphism. The E-2 magmas may have originated from melting of E-1 gneisses or from a more mafic source.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0301-9268(80)90078-9","issn":"03019268","usgsCitation":"Arth, J.G., Barker, F., and Stern, T.W., 1980, Geochronology of archean gneisses in the Lake Helen area, southwestern Big Horn Mountains, Wyoming: Precambrian Research, v. 11, no. 1, p. 11-22, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(80)90078-9.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221889,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"southwestern Big Horn Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.53343604556856,\n 44.48751448984066\n ],\n [\n -107.53343604556856,\n 43.78785138047621\n ],\n [\n -106.82799594306701,\n 43.78785138047621\n ],\n [\n -106.82799594306701,\n 44.48751448984066\n ],\n [\n -107.53343604556856,\n 44.48751448984066\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1734e4b0c8380cd55418","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arth, Joseph G.","contributorId":104546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arth","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barker, F.","contributorId":101368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stern, T. W.","contributorId":36122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012110,"text":"70012110 - 1980 - First-order analysis of deformation of a thrust sheet moving over a ramp","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-29T15:04:49.1749","indexId":"70012110","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"First-order analysis of deformation of a thrust sheet moving over a ramp","docAbstract":"John L. Rich introduced the revolutionary concept that many folds in the Appalachian Mountains can be explained as superficial structures formed by passive translation of thrust blocks over ramps in detachment surfaces. The amount of layer-parallel shortening can be negligible in the formation of these folds. Rich primarily was concerned with an explanation for the Powell Valley anticline, in the southern Appalachians, but the essential kinematic features of his model of folding have been verified in other folds in the Appalachians, in the Canadian Rockies, in the Idaho-Wyoming thrust belt, and in the Pyrenees. In this paper we solve the boundary-value problem for an idealized thrust block moving over a detachment surface and ramp with zero drag, and produce theoretical fold forms in the thrust block that closely resemble those in Rich's idealized model. The anticline is narrow and rounded if the translation is small, and broad and flat-topped if the translation is large. The limbs of the anticline are symmetric. We also incorporate drag along the ramp part of the detachment surface in order to derive a possible explanation for the asymmetry of dips of the two limbs of the Powell Valley anticline. We show that drag can explain the asymmetry, particularly if drag between relatively competent rocks in opposition at the ramp caused an initial anticline to form as the thrust block began to move, and then drag reduced markedly as relatively soft shales at the base of the block were thrust over competent rocks in the ramp. The existence of the initial anticline should be reflected in asymmetry of the two limbs and in a bulge at the distal edge of the broad anticline.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(80)90276-0","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Berger, P., and Johnson, A.M., 1980, First-order analysis of deformation of a thrust sheet moving over a ramp: Tectonophysics, v. 70, no. 3-4, p. T9-T24, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(80)90276-0.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"T9","endPage":"T24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221990,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"eastern United States, southern Appalachian Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.19179263100064,\n 39.038997951670694\n ],\n [\n -84.3145804819682,\n 35.30956856895179\n ],\n [\n -85.13495738343977,\n 34.614574047357905\n ],\n [\n -84.04298728715335,\n 33.80528083790351\n ],\n [\n -82.08231983700733,\n 34.25686032887502\n ],\n [\n -78.1584379511874,\n 37.402563303945264\n ],\n [\n -76.28591496451956,\n 38.84750834284074\n ],\n [\n -81.19179263100064,\n 39.038997951670694\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"70","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a106ce4b0c8380cd53c74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berger, Philip","contributorId":61165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"Philip","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Arvid M.","contributorId":99547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Arvid","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010361,"text":"70010361 - 1980 - Geochemistry of amino acids in shells of the clam Saxidomus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-18T15:55:17.622549","indexId":"70010361","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3067,"text":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of amino acids in shells of the clam Saxidomus","docAbstract":"Concentrations of amino acids and their corresponding
Striped bass hybrids (Morone chrysops female x Morone saxatilis male) confined in a net for 10 minutes had significantly elevated corticosteroid levels (24.2 † 5.4 μg/100 ml) and significant hyperchloremia (150.02 † 2.7 meq/liter), in comparison with baseline levels of 0.8 † 0.1 μg/100 ml and 132.6 † 1.5 meq/liter, respectively. Hauling hybrids for 2 hours in freshwater significantly elevated corticosteroid levels (12.2 † 1.2 μg/100 ml) and reduced chloride levels (119.8 † 1.4 meq/liter). Corticosteroid levels remained high and hypochloremia developed within 24 hours after both netting and hauling. Although netting and hauling in 25 mg/liter MS-2223 or 10 g/liter NaCl prevented chloride depletion during the stress, hypochloremia developed within 72 hours after the fish were transferred to freshwater. The development of hypochloremia several hours after handling indicates that hybrid bass that survive the initial stress do not necessarily recover, but may die in the days following handling. Fish anesthetized in 50 mg/liter MS-222 for 15 minutes prior to handling followed by hauling in water containing a combination of 25 mg/liter MS-222 and 10 g/liter NaCl did not develop hypochloremia within 72 hours after hauling; plasma corticosteroids were elevated during transport, but returned to nearly normal levels within 24 hours. This combination of 25 mg/liter MS-222 and 10 g/liter salt was the most successful handling medium tested.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the World Mariculture Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Louisiana State University, Division of Continuing Education","publisherLocation":"Baton Rouge, LA","doi":"10.1111/j.1749-7345.1980.tb00125.x","collaboration":"None","usgsCitation":"Tomasso J. R., D.K., and Parker, N., 1980, Plasma corticosteroid and electrolyte dynamics of hybrid striped bass (white bass x striped bass) during netting and hauling, in Proceedings of the World Mariculture Society, v. 11, no. 1-4, p. 303-310, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1980.tb00125.x.","productDescription":"p. 303-310","startPage":"303","endPage":"310","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289256,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":289254,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1980.tb00125.x"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b286f8e4b07b8813a554f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tomasso J. R., Davis K. B. K. B.","contributorId":60959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomasso J. R.","given":"Davis","suffix":"K. B.","email":"","middleInitial":"K. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, N. C.","contributorId":101209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"N. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70039195,"text":"70039195 - 1980 - EROS Data Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-09T09:34:16","indexId":"70039195","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T15:35:13","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"EROS Data Center","docAbstract":"The Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Data Center, located in Sioux Falls, SD, is a data management, systems development, and research field center of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Mapping Division. The Center was established in the early 1970's to receive, process, and distribute data from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Landsat satellites. The Center holds the world's largest collection of space and aircraft acquired imagery of the Earth. These holdings include over 2 million images acquired from satellites and over 8 million aerial photographs. The Center is also a major focal point for information concerning the holdings of foreign Landsat ground reception stations and data acquired by other countries' Earth observing satellites. The central U.S. location provides the Center with a unique capability to receive real-time electronic signals from Earth orbiting satellites, used for developing data sets of most of the North American continent.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70039195","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1980, EROS Data Center: General Information Product, 4 p. (10 folded p.), https://doi.org/10.3133/70039195.","productDescription":"4 p. (10 folded p.)","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261362,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039195/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.85 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":261363,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039195/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0465e4b0c8380cd50962","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}