Water-quality data, collected at 57 hydrologic bench-mark stations in 37 States, allow the definition of water quality in the 'natural' environment and the comparison of 'natural' water quality with water quality of major streams draining similar water-resources regions. Results indicate that water quality in the 'natural' environment is generally very good. Streams draining hydrologic bench-mark basins generally contain low concentrations of dissolved constituents. Water collected at the hydrologic bench-mark stations was analyzed for the following minor metals: arsenic, barium, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, mercury, selenium, silver, and zinc. Of 642 analyses, about 65 percent of the observed concentrations were zero. Only three samples contained metals in excess of U.S. Public Health Service recommended drinking-water standards--two selenium concentrations and one cadmium concentration. A total of 213 samples were analyzed for 11 pesticidal compounds. Widespread but very low-level occurrence of pesticide residues in the 'natural' environment was found--about 30 percent of all samples contained low-level concentrations of pesticidal compounds. The DDT family of pesticides occurred most commonly, accounting for 75 percent of the detected occurrences. The highest observed concentration of DDT was 0.06 microgram per litre, well below the recommended maximum permissible in drinking water. Nitrate concentrations in the 'natural' environment generally varied from 0.2 to 0.5 milligram per litre. The average concentration of nitrate in many major streams is as much as 10 times greater. The relationship between dissolved-solids concentration and discharge per unit area in the 'natural' environment for the various physical divisions in the United States has been shown to be an applicable tool for approximating 'natural' water quality. The relationship between dissolved-solids concentration and discharge per unit area is applicable in all the physical divisions of the United States, except the Central Lowland province of the Interior Plains, the Great Plains province of the Interior Plains, and the Basin and Ridge province of the Intermontane Plateaus. The relationship between dissolved-solids concentration and discharge per unit area is least variable in the New England province and Blue Ridge province of the Appalachian Highlands. The dissolved-solids concentration versus discharge per unit area in the Central Lowland province of the Interior Plains is highly variable. A sample collected from the hydrologic bench-mark station at Bear Den Creek near Mandaree, N. Dak., contained 3,420 milligrams per litre dissolved solids. This high concentration in the 'natural' environment indicates that natural processes can be principal agents in modifying the environment and can cause degradation. Average annual runoff and rock type can be used as predictive tools to determine the maximum dissolved-solids concentration expected in the 'natural' environment.
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Drainage area, stream length, source, and mouth are included. Table 1 shows the average discharge at downstream gaging stations. Table 2 lists large rivers in order of average discharge at the mouth, based on the period 1941-70.
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States\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e499fe4b07f02db5bd549","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iseri, Kathleen T.","contributorId":77910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iseri","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langbein, Walter Basil","contributorId":40581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"Basil","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4135,"text":"cir695 - 1974 - Environmental impact analysis; the example of the proposed Trans-Alaska Pipeline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:38","indexId":"cir695","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"695","title":"Environmental impact analysis; the example of the proposed Trans-Alaska Pipeline","docAbstract":"The environmental impact analysis made as required by the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 for the proposed trans-Alaska pipeline included consideration of the (1) technologically complex and geographically extensive proposed project, (2) extremely different physical environments across Alaska along the proposed route and elsewhere in Alaska and in Canada along alternative routes, (3) socioeconomic environment of the State of Alaska, and (4) a wide variety of alternatives. \r\n\r\nThe analysis was designed specifically to fit the project and environment that would be affected. The environment was divided into two general parts--natural physical systems and superposed socioeconomic systems--and those parts were further divided into discipline-oriented systems or components that were studied and analyzed by scientists of the appropriate discipline. Particular attention was given to potential feedback loops in the impact network and to linkages between the project's impacting effects and the environment. \r\n\r\nThe results of the analysis as reported in the final environmental impact statement were that both unavoidable and threatened environmental impacts would result from construction, operation, and maintenance of the proposed pipeline system and the developments related to it. The principal unavoidable effects would be (1) disturbances of terrain, fish and wildlife habitat, and human environs, (2) the results of the discharge of effluent from the tanker-ballast-treatment facility into Port Valdez and of some indeterminate amount of oil released into the ocean from tank-cleaning operations at sea, and (3) the results associated with increased human pressures of all kinds on the environment. Other unavoidable effects would be those related to increase of State and Native Corporation revenues, accelerated cultural change of the Native population, and extraction of the oil and gas resource. The main threatened environmental effects would all be related to unintentional oil loss from the pipeline, from tankers, or in the oil field. Oil losses from the pipeline could be caused by direct or indirect effects of earthquakes, destructive sea waves, slope failure caused by natural or artificial processes, thaw-plug instability (in permafrost), differential settlement of permafrost terrain, and bed scour and bank erosion at stream crossings. Oil loss from tankers could be caused by accidents during transfer operations at Valdez and at destination ports and by casualties involving tankers and other ships. \r\n\r\nComparison of alternative routes and transportation systems and of their environmental impacts provided information which indicates to the author that one corridor containing both oil and gas pipelines would have less environmental impact than would separate corridors. Considering also the threat to the marine environment that any tanker system would impose and the threat that zones of high earthquake frequency and magnitude would impose on pipelines, it is apparent to the author that environmental impact and cost would be least for a single-corridor on-land route that avoided earthquake zones. The alternative trans-Alaska-Canada routes would meet these criteria. \r\n\r\nThe decisions of the U.S. Department of the Interior, the U.S. Congress, and the President of the United States in favor of the proposed trans-Alaska pipeline system indicate the relative weight given by the decision makers in balancing the importance of potential environmental consequences against the advantages to be derived from rapid resource development.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir695","usgsCitation":"Brew, D.A., 1974, Environmental impact analysis; the example of the proposed Trans-Alaska Pipeline: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 695, iii, 16 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir695.","productDescription":"iii, 16 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1974/0695/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31242,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1974/0695/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db602300","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brew, David A. dbrew@usgs.gov","contributorId":3244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brew","given":"David","email":"dbrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":148268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3598,"text":"cir699 - 1974 - Gold in the Black Hills, South Dakota, and how new deposits might be found","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:26","indexId":"cir699","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"699","title":"Gold in the Black Hills, South Dakota, and how new deposits might be found","docAbstract":"Of the recorded production of 34,694,552 troy ounces of gold mined in South Dakota through 1971, about 90 percent has come from Precambrian ore bodies in the Homestake mine at Lead in the northern Black Hills. Most of the rest has come from ore deposited in the Deadwood Formation (Cambrian) by hydrothermal replacement during early Tertiary igneous activity. About 99 percent of the total production has been within a radius of 5 miles (8 km) of Lead. Elsewhere, prospecting has been intense, both in the Precambrian rocks, which are exposed over an area 61 by 26 miles (98 by 42 km), and in nearby Paleozoic rocks. \r\n\r\nAll the known ore bodies have been found either at the surface or in subsurface workings of operating mines. Efforts to find totally new deposits have been modest and sporadic; no comprehensive and systematic program has ever been attempted. \r\n\r\nObviously, any exploration program should be aimed at finding a new deposit resembling the Homestake in the Precambrian, but discovery in the Deadwood of a new group of ore bodies containing several hundred thousand ounces of gold would certainly be worthwhile. \r\n\r\nEvidence has long been available that the Deadwood deposits and the Homestake deposit are somehow related. Current opinion is that (1) the Homestake ore is mainly Precambrian, (2) a trivial amount of Homestake ore is Tertiary, (3)gold in Deadwood basal conglomerate is largely of placer origin, and (4) the gold of replacement deposits in the Deadwood and in other rock units came originally from sources similar to the Homestake deposit or its parent materials. \r\n\r\nHomestake ore is virtually entirely contained in a unit of iron-formation locally known as the Homestake Formation, which seemingly had more gold in the original sediments than similar rocks exposed elsewhere in the Black Hills. Gold, sulfur, and other constituents were subsequently concentrated in ore shoots in zones of dilation caused by cross folds that deformed earlier major folds. These ore shoots are in metamorphic rocks of a grade just above the garnet isograd, in a zone where the principal iron-magnesium mineral of the iron-formation changes from a carbonate (sideroplesite) to a silicate (cummingtonite). This metamorphic reaction would release carbon dioxide to the fluid that presumably formed the ore bodies. \r\n\r\nIn short, three controls over localization of the ore have been identified: (1) the cross folds; (2) the so-called Homestake Formation, which passes beneath Paleozoic rocks north of Lead and has not been proved to reappear anywhere else in the Black Hills (Other units of iron-formation less enriched in gold might locally become more like the Homestake Formation beneath the cover of Paleozoic rocks.}; (3} proximity to the garnet isograd--nearly all the exposed Precambrian rocks in the Black Hills are at a metamorphic grade higher than this isograd--and occurrence of this isograd zone mostly beneath Paleozoic rocks. \r\n\r\nIn searching for new deposits, one can guess from existing data where Precambrian rocks of suitable nature may be concealed. The usefulness of such guesses can be increased if they are made with information about the distribution of gold in younger rocks. Gold in the Deadwood basal conglomerate would be the simplest indicator of a deposit once exposed on the pre-Deadwood surface. Tertiary replacement deposits in the Deadwood or other rocks, which obtained their gold from Precambrian sources that may be nearby or far away, can also be helpful; they, like anomalies found by geochemical sampling, at least outline the regions of mineralizing activity. \r\n\r\nA suitable approach to exploration is to make a thorough study of the stratigraphy, the structure, and the metals geochemistry of the Deadwood Formation and associated rocks, chiefly in the northern Black Hills but to a lesser extent elsewhere in localities where the Precambrian geology seems promising and where gold has been found nearby. Such a program, even if it does not yield","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir699","usgsCitation":"Norton, J.J., 1974, Gold in the Black Hills, South Dakota, and how new deposits might be found: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 699, iii, 22 p. :maps ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir699.","productDescription":"iii, 22 p. :maps ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1974/0699/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30631,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1974/0699/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a493d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norton, James Jennings","contributorId":59412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norton","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"Jennings","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4840,"text":"pp383 - 1974 - Hydrology of volcanic-rock terranes","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":39019,"text":"pp383C - 1969 - Effect of tectonic structure on the occurrence of ground water in the basalt of the Columbia River Group of The Dalles area, Oregon and Washington","indexId":"pp383C","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Effect of tectonic structure on the occurrence of ground water in the basalt of the Columbia River Group of The Dalles area, Oregon and Washington"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":4840,"text":"pp383 - 1974 - Hydrology of volcanic-rock terranes","indexId":"pp383","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology of volcanic-rock terranes"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:52","indexId":"pp383","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"383","title":"Hydrology of volcanic-rock terranes","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp383","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1974, Hydrology of volcanic-rock terranes: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 383, NA, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp383.","productDescription":"NA","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117267,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0383/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31777,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0383/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc7a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4390,"text":"cir713 - 1974 - Seismic engineering program report, October-December 1974","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:27","indexId":"cir713","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"713","title":"Seismic engineering program report, October-December 1974","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey ;\r\nfree on application to Branch of Distribution, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir713","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1974, Seismic engineering program report, October-December 1974: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 713, vi, 19 p. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir713.","productDescription":"vi, 19 p. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117397,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1974/0713/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31499,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1974/0713/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb81a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3729,"text":"cir685 - 1974 - Dissolved-solids discharge to the oceans from the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-22T08:38:17","indexId":"cir685","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"685","title":"Dissolved-solids discharge to the oceans from the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"Dissolved-solids data from 54 river basins for 1966-69 were used to compute the amount of dissolved material contributed to the oceans from the conterminous United States. The computations show that about 264,000,000 tons are discharged annually. The Gulf of Mexico receives the largest load, about 183,000,000 tons, of which about 157,000,000 tons are contributed by the Mississippi River. The Atlantic Ocean receives about 37,500,000 tons, and the Pacific Ocean about 43,400,000 tons. Average yearly yields range from 26 to 231 tons per square mile and average about 100 tons per square mile.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir685","usgsCitation":"Leifeste, D.K., 1974, Dissolved-solids discharge to the oceans from the conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 685, iii, 8 p. :map ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir685.","productDescription":"iii, 8 p. :map ;26 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":30790,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1974/0685/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":120752,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1974/0685/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d548","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leifeste, Donald K.","contributorId":11595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leifeste","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3459,"text":"cir692 - 1974 - Selenium, fluorine, and arsenic in surficial materials of the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:36","indexId":"cir692","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"692","title":"Selenium, fluorine, and arsenic in surficial materials of the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"Concentrations of selenium, fluorine, and arsenic in 912, 911, and 910 samples, respectively, of soils and other regoliths from sites approximately 50 miles (80 km) apart throughout the United States are represented on maps by symbols showing five ranges of values. Histograms of the concentrations of these elements are also given. The geometric-mean concentrations (ppm) in the samples, grouped by area, are as follows: \r\n\r\nSelenium-- Entire United States, 0.31; Western United States, 0.25; and Eastern United States, 0.39. \r\n\r\nFluorine-- Entire United States, 180; Western United States, 250; and Eastern United States, 115. \r\n\r\nArsenic-- Entire United States, 5.8; Western United States, 6.1; and Eastern United States, 5.4.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/cir692","usgsCitation":"Shacklette, H.T., Boerngen, J.G., and Keith, J.R., 1974, Selenium, fluorine, and arsenic in surficial materials of the conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 692, iii, 14 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir692.","productDescription":"iii, 14 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1974/0692/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30471,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1974/0692/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f7b2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shacklette, Hansford T.","contributorId":43339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shacklette","given":"Hansford","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boerngen, Josephine G.","contributorId":31750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boerngen","given":"Josephine","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keith, John R. 0000-0002-4665-227X jkeith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4665-227X","contributorId":4252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"John","email":"jkeith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":146965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":3232,"text":"cir705 - 1974 - Mineral resources of Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-02T15:47:09","indexId":"cir705","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"705","title":"Mineral resources of Antarctica","docAbstract":"Although the existence of mineral deposits in Antarctica is highly probable, the chances of finding them are quite small. Minerals have been found there in great variety but only as occurrences. Manganese nodules, water (as ice), geothermal energy, coal, petroleum, and natural gas are potential resources that could perhaps be exploited in the future. On the basis of known mineral occurrences in Antarctica and relationships between geologic provinces of Antarctica and those of neighboring Gondwana continents, the best discovery probability for a base-metal deposit in any part of Antarctica is in the Andean orogen; it is estimated to be 0.075 (75 chances in 1,000).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir705","usgsCitation":"1974, Mineral resources of Antarctica: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 705, iii, 28 p. :ill. ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir705.","productDescription":"iii, 28 p. :ill. ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":30224,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1974/0705/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1974/0705/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b08e4b07f02db69b5b0","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Wright, Nancy A.","contributorId":28586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730121,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Paul L.","contributorId":91086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Paul L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730122,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2}],"editors":[{"text":"Wright, Nancy A.","contributorId":28586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730119,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Paul L.","contributorId":91086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Paul L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730120,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3826,"text":"cir708 - 1974 - Model synthesis in frequency analysis of Missouri floods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:44","indexId":"cir708","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"708","title":"Model synthesis in frequency analysis of Missouri floods","docAbstract":"Synthetic flood records for 43 small-stream sites aided in definition of techniques for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods in Missouri. The long-term synthetic flood records were generated by use of a digital computer model of the rainfall-runoff process. A relatively short period of concurrent rainfall and runoff data observed at each of the 43 sites was used to calibrate the model, and rainfall records covering from 66 to 78 years for four Missouri sites and pan-evaporation data were used to generate the synthetic records. \r\n\r\nFlood magnitude and frequency characteristics of both the synthetic records and observed long-term flood records available for 109 large-stream sites were used in a multiple-regression analysis to define relations for estimating future flood characteristics at ungaged sites. That analysis indicated that drainage basin size and slope were the most useful estimating variables. It also indicated that a more complex regression model than the commonly used log-linear one was needed for the range of drainage basin sizes available in this study.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/cir708","usgsCitation":"Hauth, L.D., 1974, Model synthesis in frequency analysis of Missouri floods: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 708, iv, 16 p. :ill. ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir708.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p. :ill. ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124365,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1974/0708/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30895,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1974/0708/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699a1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hauth, Leland D.","contributorId":17219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauth","given":"Leland","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3475,"text":"cir601J - 1974 - Extent and development of urban flood plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-13T14:42:54","indexId":"cir601J","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"601","chapter":"J","title":"Extent and development of urban flood plains","docAbstract":"A study of26 urbanized areas in the United States indicates that the amount of urban area in flood plains ranges from 2.4 percent for Spokane, Wash., to 81 percent for Monroe, La. The median value is 10.5 percent, and the weighted average is 16.2 percent. The amount of development on these flood plains also varies widely, from 11.3 percent for Lorain-Elyria, Ohio, to 97 percent for Great Falls, Mont. The median value is 57 percent, and the weighted average is 52.8 percent. Attempts to correlate either the extent of urban area in flood plain or amount of development with three readily available indices-depth of flooding, precipitation, and physiography-showed no strong relationships. Some correlation was found between the extent of urban area in flood plain and index of depth of flooding.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir601J","usgsCitation":"Schneider, W.J., and Goddard, J.E., 1974, Extent and development of urban flood plains: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 601, vii, J1-J14 p. :ill. ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir601J.","productDescription":"vii, J1-J14 p. :ill. ;26 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1974/0601j/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30486,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1974/0601j/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8afb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schneider, William Joseph","contributorId":104466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Joseph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goddard, James E.","contributorId":33702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goddard","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3121,"text":"wsp2152 - 1974 - Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1970, Part 2, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:38","indexId":"wsp2152","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2152","title":"Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1970, Part 2, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2152","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1974, Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1970, Part 2, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2152, x, 668 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2152.","productDescription":"x, 668 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139454,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2152/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30033,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2152/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db65196f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4092,"text":"cir700 - 1974 - United States Geological Survey Alaska program, 1974","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:33","indexId":"cir700","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"700","title":"United States Geological Survey Alaska program, 1974","docAbstract":"This report on the Alaskan activities of the U.S. Geological Survey contains up-to-date accounts of recent results and summaries of plans for the summer of 1974. It is organized in six parts: (1) responsibilities and services of the Geological Survey; (2) organization of the U.S. Geological Survey; (3} Alaskan field activities for 1974; (4) cooperative programs with state and federal agencies; (5) summary of important results of geological and geophysical research in 1973, and (6) reports published by Survey authors in 1973.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, National Center,","doi":"10.3133/cir700","usgsCitation":"Carter, C., 1974, United States Geological Survey Alaska program, 1974: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 700, iii, 63 p. :ill. ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir700.","productDescription":"iii, 63 p. :ill. ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1974/0700/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31193,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1974/0700/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ef9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Claire","contributorId":88336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Claire","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3119,"text":"wsp2144 - 1974 - Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1969, Parts 4 and 5, St. Lawrence River basin and Hudson Bay and Upper Mississippi River basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:38","indexId":"wsp2144","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2144","title":"Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1969, Parts 4 and 5, St. Lawrence River basin and Hudson Bay and Upper Mississippi River basins","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2144","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1974, Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1969, Parts 4 and 5, St. Lawrence River basin and Hudson Bay and Upper Mississippi River basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2144, x, 367 p. ; 23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2144.","productDescription":"x, 367 p. ; 23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139452,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2144/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30031,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2144/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db65188c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3604,"text":"cir704 - 1974 - Molybdenite in the Montezuma District of central Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:26","indexId":"cir704","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"704","title":"Molybdenite in the Montezuma District of central Colorado","docAbstract":"The Montezuma mining district, in the Colorado mineral belt, is defined by an assemblage of porphyry, ore, and altered rocks that originated in the venting of a Tertiary batholith through weak structures in Precambrian rocks. The ore consists of silver-lead-zinc veins clustered on the propylitic fringe of a geometrically complex system of altered rocks, which is centered on the intersection of the Oligocene Montezuma stock with the Montezuma shear zone of Precambrian ancestry. Alteration chemistry conforms to the standard porphyry-metal model but is developed around several small intrusives strung out along the shear zone and is expressed as a mottled pattern, rather than as the usual thick concentric zones centered on one large plug. The distribution of trace amounts of molybdenite is consistent with the postulate of molybdenite deposits in the district, but the mottled alteration pattern may signify small and scattered, possibly very deep, deposits. Disseminated molybdenite is essentially coextensive with altered rock and increases slightly in quantity toward the inner alteration zones. Two groups of molybdenite veins, associated with phyllic and potassic alteration, represent possible diffuse halos of molybdenite deposits. One group of veins resembles the Climax and Henderson deposits but was seen only in a small and isolated area of outcrops. The second group of molybdenite veins is in a bismuth-rich part of the Montezuma stock and underlies an area of bismuth veins; this group records the passage of contact metasomatic ore fluids. Another bismuth-rich area is in the southeast corner of the stock in a region of bismuth veins and may indicate a third group of molybdenite veins.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/cir704","usgsCitation":"Neuerburg, G.J., Botinelly, T., and Watterson, J.R., 1974, Molybdenite in the Montezuma District of central Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 704, iii, 21 p. :illus. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir704.","productDescription":"iii, 21 p. :illus. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1974/0704/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30639,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1974/0704/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69925f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neuerburg, George J.","contributorId":103661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuerburg","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Botinelly, Theodore","contributorId":101253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Botinelly","given":"Theodore","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watterson, John R.","contributorId":67866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watterson","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":3602,"text":"cir690 - 1974 - Seismic hazards and land-use planning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:26","indexId":"cir690","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"690","title":"Seismic hazards and land-use planning","docAbstract":"Basic earth-science data are necessary for a realistic assessment of seismic hazards and as a basis for limiting corrective land-use controls only to those areas of greatest hazard. For example, the location, character, and amount of likely displacement and activity of surface faulting can be predicted if detailed geologic maps and seismic data are available and are augmented by field studies at critical localities. Because few structures can withstand displacement of their foundations, they should be located off active fault traces, the distance varying with the character of faulting, the certainty with which fault traces are known, and the importance of the structure. Recreational activities and other nonoccupancy land uses should be considered for fault zone areas where land is under pressure for development; elsewhere, such areas should remain as open space. \r\n\r\nTwo methods of predicting ground shaking effects have applications to land-use decisions: (1) Relative earthquake effects can be related to firmness of the ground and can be used in a gross way to allocate population density in the absence of more sophisticated analyses; and (2) intensity maps, based on, (a) damage from former earthquakes, or (b) a qualitative analyses of geologic units added to a design earthquake, can be helpful both for general and specific plans. Theoretical models are used with caution to predict ground motion for critical structures to be located at specific sites with unique foundation conditions. Fully adequate methods of assessing possible shaking remain to be developed. Where land-use decisions do not reflect likely ground shaking effects, stringent building codes are needed, particularly for important structures. \r\n\r\nGround failure (landsliding, ground cracking and lurching, differential settlement, sand boils, and subsidence) commonly results from liquefaction, loss of soil strength, or compaction. Areas suspected of being most likely to fail should not be developed unless detailed site studies can demonstrate the hazard does not exist or can be overcome. Various methods can be used to reduce the high, long-term public costs that follow development of unstable ground. However, areas subject to tectonic deformation generally cannot be predicted nor can effects of such deformation be minimized. \r\n\r\nLarge water waves, such as produced by tsunamis, seiches, and dam failure or overtopping, can be anticipated in many places. Their effects can be lessened by land-use regulations similar to flood-plain zoning, restrictions on location of critical structures, and appropriate warning systems. \r\n\r\nMany local, state, and federal government agencies, universities, and private consultants may be able to assist planners by advising them of pertinent data and where those data can be obtained. Interpretation of the data for an evaluation of seismic risk commonly requires a team of planners, geologists, and soil and structural engineers.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir690","usgsCitation":"Nichols, D.R., and Buchanan-Banks, J.M., 1974, Seismic hazards and land-use planning: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 690, iv, 33 p. :ill. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir690.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p. :ill. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1974/0690/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30637,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1974/0690/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a879b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, Donald R.","contributorId":83129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buchanan-Banks, Jane M.","contributorId":29421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchanan-Banks","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3060,"text":"wsp1880B - 1974 - Floods of September-October 1967 in south Texas and northeastern Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T11:37:09","indexId":"wsp1880B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1880","chapter":"B","title":"Floods of September-October 1967 in south Texas and northeastern Mexico","docAbstract":"Floods produced by Hurricane Beulah during September and October 1967 were outstanding because of the magnitude of the stage and discharge and because of the number of river basins affected. Previously known maximum stages were exceeded, at the downstream station, in five river basins in Texas by amounts ranging from 2.7 feet at Guadalupe River near Tivoli to 9.2 feet at Aransas River near Skidmore.
\nThe greatest relative maximum discharge recorded during the storm occurred at Medio Creek near Beeville, where the peak discharge was 4.1 times the previous maximum since 1919 and 6.0 times the magnitude of a regional 50-year flood. The inflow to Lake Corpus Christi was more than 4.5 times the volume of the lake at spillway elevation.
\nBecause of the large volume of fresh-water inflow to bays and estuaries along the Texas coast, the salinity of the water was greatly reduced. Data collected in Nueces Corpus Christi and Guadalupe San Antonio Bays show that dilution proceeded rapidly along the line of flow.
\nFresh-water inflow to Corpus Christi Bay exceeded 60,000 cubic feet per second from September 23 through September 28. The total inflow was about 1.5 times the volume of water normally in the bay, but because of its shape and depth, the bay was not entirely flushed of saline water.
\nFresh-water inflow to San Antonio Bay exceeded 40,000 cubic feet per second from September 21 through September 26. The total inflow was more than three times the volume of water normally in the bay, and most of the saline water was flushed from the bay.
\nMeasurements of water levels in wells indicate that Hurricane Beulah caused significant rises in water levels in shallow wells by percolation of rainfall and ponded waters and by the cascading of floodwaters directly into numerous inundated wells.
\nFlooding along the Rio Grande and its floodways below Falcon Dam was the greatest since the American floodway system was completed in 1926. At Mission Branch Floodway, south of McAllen, Tex., the peak discharge was 2.15 times the previous maximum in 1932. The peak stage exceeded the previous maximum by 4.14 feet. Flooding along the Mexican floodways destroyed all stream-gaging equipment.
\nA 4,000-square-mile area of south Texas having no defined drainage system contains thousands of shallow wind-formed depressions. These normally dry depressions were inundated by the storm runoff, which produced a vast amount of ponded water. The ponds blocked highways for several days and hampered ranching and oil field operations for months after the storm. Rainfall measurements of 25 inches during the period September 19-25, 1967, were common in Texas, and as much as 35 inches was measured in Mexico.
\nTotal damage in 39 counties of Texas was estimated by the Galveston District of the Corps of Engineers to be $168,844,000.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1880B","usgsCitation":"Schroeder, E.E., Grozier, R., Hahl, D.C., and Hulme, A., 1974, Floods of September-October 1967 in south Texas and northeastern Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1880, Report: vi, 111 p.; 3 Plates: 32.00 x 22.27 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1880B.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 111 p.; 3 Plates: 32.00 x 22.27 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":29915,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1880b/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29916,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1880b/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29917,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1880b/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29918,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1880b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1880b/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b26e4b07f02db6af9bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroeder, Elmer E.","contributorId":38962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Elmer","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grozier, R.U.","contributorId":105704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grozier","given":"R.U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hahl, D. C.","contributorId":57436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hahl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hulme, A.E.","contributorId":36922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hulme","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}