The isotopic composition and atomic weight of lead are variable in terrestrial materials because its three heaviest stable isotopes are stable end-products of the radioactive decay of uranium (238U to 206Pb; 235U to 207Pb) and thorium (232Th to 208Pb). The lightest stable isotope, 204Pb, is primordial. These variations in isotope ratios and atomic weights provide useful information in many areas of science, including geochronology, archaeology, environmental studies, and forensic science. While elemental lead can serve as an abundant and homogeneous isotopic reference, deviations from the isotope ratios in other lead occurrences limit the accuracy with which a standard atomic weight can be given for lead. In a comprehensive review of several hundred publications and analyses of more than 8000 samples, published isotope data indicate that the lowest reported lead atomic weight of a normal terrestrial materials is 206.1462 ± 0.0028 (k = 2), determined for a growth of the phosphate mineral monazite around a garnet relic from an Archean high-grade metamorphic terrain in north-western Scotland, which contains mostly 206Pb and almost no 204Pb. The highest published lead atomic weight is 207.9351 ± 0.0005 (k = 2) for monazite from a micro-inclusion in a garnet relic, also from a high-grade metamorphic terrain in north-western Scotland, which contains almost pure radiogenic 208Pb. When expressed as an interval, the lead atomic weight is [206.14, 207.94]. It is proposed that a value of 207.2 be adopted for the single lead atomic-weight value for education, commerce, and industry, corresponding to previously published conventional atomic-weight values.
","language":"English","publisher":"DeGruyter","doi":"10.1515/pac-2018-0916","usgsCitation":"Zhu, X., Benefield, J., Coplen, T.B., Gao, Z., and Holden, N.E., 2021, Variation of lead isotopic composition and atomic weight in terrestrial materials (IUPAC Technical Report): Pure and Applied Chemistry, v. 93, no. 1, p. 155-166, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0916.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"166","ipdsId":"IP-114839","costCenters":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1615597","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382847,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhu, Xiang-Kun 0000-0002-8407-6883","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8407-6883","contributorId":248595,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhu","given":"Xiang-Kun","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49957,"text":"Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benefield, Jacqueline 0000-0001-9124-2424 jbenefield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9124-2424","contributorId":190135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benefield","given":"Jacqueline","email":"jbenefield@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gao, Zhaofu 0000-0001-7110-6126","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7110-6126","contributorId":248596,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gao","given":"Zhaofu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49957,"text":"Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holden, Norman E.","contributorId":189167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holden","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70215619,"text":"70215619 - 2021 - Changes in ecosystem nitrogen and carbon allocation with black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) encroachment into Spartina alterniflora salt marsh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-17T16:15:17.646167","indexId":"70215619","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-01T09:20:52","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Changes in ecosystem nitrogen and carbon allocation with black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) encroachment into Spartina alterniflora salt marsh","title":"Changes in ecosystem nitrogen and carbon allocation with black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) encroachment into Spartina alterniflora salt marsh","docAbstract":"Increases in temperature are expected to facilitate encroachment of tropical mangrove forests into temperate salt marshes, yet the effects on ecosystem services are understudied. Our work was conducted along a mangrove expansion front in Louisiana (USA), an area where coastal wetlands are in rapid decline due to compounding factors, including reduced sediment supply, rising sea level, and subsidence. Marsh and mangrove ecosystems are each known for their ability to adjust to sea-level rise and support numerous ecosystem services, but there are some differences in the societal benefits they provide. Here, we compare carbon and nitrogen stocks and relate these findings to the expected effects of mangrove encroachment on nitrogen filtration and carbon sequestration in coastal wetlands. We specifically evaluate the implications of black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) encroachment into Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh. Our results indicate that black mangrove encroachment will lead to increased aboveground carbon and nitrogen stocks. However, we found no differences in belowground (that is, root and sediment) nitrogen or carbon stocks between marshes and mangroves. Thus, the shift from marsh to mangrove may provide decadal-scale increases in aboveground nitrogen and carbon sequestration, but belowground nitrogen and carbon sequestration (that is, carbon burial) may not be affected. We measured lower pore water nitrogen content beneath growing mangroves, which we postulate may be due to greater nitrogen uptake and storage in mangrove aboveground compartments compared to marshes. However, further studies are needed to better characterize the implications of mangrove encroachment on nitrogen cycling, storage, and export to the coastal ocean.
Potential effects of projected climate variability on base flow and groundwater storage in the North Fork Red River aquifer, Oklahoma (USA), were estimated using downscaled climate model data coupled with a numerical groundwater-flow model. The North Fork Red River aquifer discharges groundwater to the North Fork Red River, which provides inflow to Lake Altus. To approximate future conditions, Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 climate data were downscaled to the watershed and a time-series of scaling factors were developed and interpolated for three climate scenarios (central tendency, warmer and drier, and less warm and wetter) representing future climate conditions for the period 2045–2074. These scaling factors were then applied to a soil-water-balance model to produce groundwater recharge and evapotranspiration estimates. A MODFLOW groundwater-flow model of the North Fork Red River aquifer used the scaled recharge and evapotranspiration data to estimate changes in base flow and water-surface elevation of Lake Altus. Compared to a baseline scenario, the mean percent change in annual base flow during 2045–2074 was −10.8 and −15.9% for the central tendency and warmer/drier scenarios, respectively; the mean percent change in annual base flow for the less-warm/wetter scenario was +15.7%. The mean annual percent change in groundwater storage for the central tendency, warmer/drier, and less-warm/wetter climate scenarios and the baseline are −2.7, −3.2, and +3.0%, respectively. The range of outcomes from the climate scenarios may be influenced by variability in the downscaled climate data for precipitation more than for temperature.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-020-02230-x","usgsCitation":"Labriola, L., Ellis, J., Gangopadhyay, S., Pruitt, T., Kirstetter, P., and Hong, Y., 2021, Evaluating the effects of downscaled climate projections on groundwater storage and simulated base-flow contribution to the North Fork Red River and Lake Altus, southwest Oklahoma (USA): Hydrogeology Journal, v. 28, no. 8, p. 2903-2916, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-020-02230-x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2903","endPage":"2916","ipdsId":"IP-111529","costCenters":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P91DWW91","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-NWT model used in simulations of selected climate scenarios of groundwater availability in the North Fork Red River aquifer, southwestern Oklahoma"},{"id":385978,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.00927734375,\n 33.706062655101206\n ],\n [\n -94.37255859375,\n 33.706062655101206\n ],\n [\n -94.37255859375,\n 35.47856499535729\n ],\n [\n -97.00927734375,\n 35.47856499535729\n ],\n [\n -97.00927734375,\n 33.706062655101206\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Labriola, L.G. 0000-0002-5096-2940","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5096-2940","contributorId":216625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labriola","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellis, J.H. 0000-0001-7161-3136 jellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7161-3136","contributorId":196287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"J.H.","email":"jellis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gangopadhyay, Subhrendu 0000-0003-3864-8251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3864-8251","contributorId":173439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gangopadhyay","given":"Subhrendu","affiliations":[{"id":7183,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pruitt, Tom","contributorId":257612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pruitt","given":"Tom","affiliations":[{"id":7183,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kirstetter, Pierre","contributorId":258774,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirstetter","given":"Pierre","affiliations":[{"id":52282,"text":"School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hong, Yang","contributorId":258775,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hong","given":"Yang","affiliations":[{"id":52282,"text":"School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70217576,"text":"70217576 - 2021 - Direct and indirect effects of a keystone engineer on a shrubland-prairie food web","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-25T12:42:33.008","indexId":"70217576","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-01T07:11:12","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct and indirect effects of a keystone engineer on a shrubland-prairie food web","docAbstract":"Keystone engineers are critical drivers of biodiversity throughout ecosystems worldwide. Within the North American Great Plains, the black‐tailed prairie dog is an imperiled ecosystem engineer and keystone species with well‐documented impacts on the flora and fauna of rangeland systems. However, because this species affects ecosystem structure and function in myriad ways (i.e., as a consumer, a prey resource, and a disturbance vector), it is unclear which effects are most impactful for any given prairie dog associate. We applied structural equation models (SEM) to disentangle direct and indirect effects of prairie dogs on multiple trophic levels (vegetation, arthropods, and birds) in the Thunder Basin National Grassland. Arthropods did not show any direct response to prairie dog occupation, but multiple bird species and vegetation parameters were directly affected. Surprisingly, the direct impact of prairie dogs on colony‐associated avifauna (Horned Lark [Eremophila alpestris] and Mountain Plover [Charadrius montanus]) had greater support than a mediated effect via vegetation structure, indicating that prairie dog disturbance may be greater than the sum of its parts in terms of impacts on localized vegetation structure. Overall, our models point to a combination of direct and indirect impacts of prairie dogs on associated vegetation, arthropods, and avifauna. The variation in these impacts highlights the importance of examining the various impacts of keystone engineers, as well as highlighting the diverse ways that black‐tailed prairie dogs are critical for the conservation of associated species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecy.3195","usgsCitation":"Duchardt, C.J., Porensky, L.M., and Pearse, I.S., 2021, Direct and indirect effects of a keystone engineer on a shrubland-prairie food web: Ecology, v. 102, no. 1, e03195, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3195.","productDescription":"e03195, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118463","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9GI27PX","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data on prairie dogs, plants, arthropod biomass, and birds for Thunder Basin, Wyoming in 2017"},{"id":382485,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Thunder Basin National Grassland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.787353515625,\n 43.07691312608711\n ],\n [\n -104.183349609375,\n 43.07691312608711\n ],\n [\n -104.183349609375,\n 44.166444664458595\n ],\n [\n -105.787353515625,\n 44.166444664458595\n ],\n [\n -105.787353515625,\n 43.07691312608711\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"102","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-10-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duchardt, Courtney J. 0000-0003-4563-0199","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4563-0199","contributorId":239754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duchardt","given":"Courtney","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":48000,"text":"U Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Porensky, Lauren M. 0000-0001-6883-2442","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6883-2442","contributorId":239755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Porensky","given":"Lauren","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6758,"text":"USDA-ARS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pearse, Ian S. 0000-0001-7098-0495","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-0495","contributorId":216680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearse","given":"Ian","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70222937,"text":"70222937 - 2021 - Select techniques for detecting and quantifying seepage from unlined canals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-10T15:51:00.827832","indexId":"70222937","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-30T10:39:31","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7504,"text":"Final Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"ST-2020-19144-01","title":"Select techniques for detecting and quantifying seepage from unlined canals","docAbstract":"Canal seepage losses affect the ability of water conveyance structures to maximize efficiency and can be a precursor to canal failure. Identification and quantification of canal seepage out of unlined canals is a complex interaction affected by geology, canal stage, operations, embankment geometry, siltation, animal burrows, structures, and other physical characteristics. Seepage out of unlined canals can be coarsely estimated using a mass balance-type approach (water in minus water out with the difference assumed to be a combination of seepage and evapotranspiration). More sophisticated methods are used in some instances but are typically limited efforts aimed at quantifying seepage in a specific location.
Seepage is generally broken out into two categories: diffuse and concentrated (or focused) seepage. Diffuse seepage is where the seepage discharges relatively constant over a given area, whereas concentrated (point discharge source) seepage discharges along preferentially focused areas. Diffuse seepage typically occurs in homogeneous conditions where the amount of water flowing into the subsurface is controlled by soil permeability and canal stage. Conversely, concentrated seepage occurs in areas of heterogeneous conditions where water flows into bedrock fractures, rodent burrows or other pre-existing discrete flow-paths. Concentrated seepage can also develop in the advent of sudden or excessive increases in hydraulic gradient which can lead to heaving, cracking, and development of backward erosion piping flow-paths. Concentrated and diffuse seepage can lead to seeps, in this case, a surface expression of water fed by irrigation water on canal embankment or at distal regions away from the canal.
This report focuses on work funded by the Research and Development Office from Fiscal Year 2016 through 2021 and the references provided pertain primarily to those efforts. This report also provides a generalized framework for how and when to investigate seepage out of an unlined canal based on the type of seepage, level of understanding about the seepage locations, geology, and knowledge of the subsurface conditions. The various methods used to locate seeps and quantify canal seepage are discussed in further detail, with references provided for the reader.
The following seepage investigation scenarios are discussed within the report:
1. Idealized workflow insensitive to time with highest quality data required
2. General workflow sensitive to time with highest quality data required
3. General workflow insensitive to time with lowest cost items preceding more costly techniques
4. Newly developed concentrated seep(s), concern about consequences (time sensitive)
5. Newly developed or rapidly increasing diffuse seepage, concern about consequences (time sensitive)
6. Existing concentrated seep(s), limited concern about consequences, poor geologic understanding
7. Existing concentrated seep(s), limited concern about consequences, good geologic understanding
8. Existing diffuse seepage, limited concern about consequences, poor geologic understanding
9. Existing diffuse seepage, limited concern about consequences, good geologic understanding
A workflow is given for each scenario which details recommended steps and the order in which those steps should be taken to maximize efficiency and data quality. The various seepage investigation techniques and estimated costs are discussed in more detail later in this report.
The next step is to take the data collected from the various methods and incorporate them into canal operations models to optimize deliveries. This step could also include the development of 3D seepage models to better understand the larger-scale groundwater-surface water interactions and how they are affected by the water delivery system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Lindenbach, E.J., Kang, J.B., Rittgers, J.B., and Naranjo, R.C., 2021, Select techniques for detecting and quantifying seepage from unlined canals: Final Report ST-2020-19144-01, viii, 75 p.","productDescription":"viii, 75 p.","ipdsId":"IP-122681","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387819,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":387793,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.usbr.gov/research/projects/download_product.cfm?id=2955"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindenbach, Evan J.","contributorId":263642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindenbach","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":820920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kang, Jong Beom","contributorId":263643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kang","given":"Jong","email":"","middleInitial":"Beom","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":820921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rittgers, Justin B.","contributorId":263644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rittgers","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":820922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Naranjo, Ramon C. 0000-0003-4469-6831 rnaranjo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4469-6831","contributorId":3391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naranjo","given":"Ramon","email":"rnaranjo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70218827,"text":"70218827 - 2021 - A multiproxy database of western North American Holocene paleoclimate records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-23T14:49:34.683705","indexId":"70218827","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-30T07:05:48","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1426,"text":"Earth System Science Data","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multiproxy database of western North American Holocene paleoclimate records","docAbstract":"Holocene climate reconstructions are useful for understanding the diverse features and spatial heterogeneity of past and future climate change. Here we present a database of western North American Holocene paleoclimate records. The database gathers paleoclimate time series from 184 terrestrial and marine sites, including 381 individual proxy records. The records span at least 4000 of the last 12 000 years (median duration of 10 725 years) and have been screened for resolution, chronologic control, and climate sensitivity. Records were included that reflect temperature, hydroclimate, or circulation features. The database is shared in the machine readable Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) format and includes geochronologic data for generating site-level time-uncertain ensembles. This publicly accessible and curated collection of proxy paleoclimate records will have wide research applications, including, for example, investigations of the primary features of ocean–atmospheric circulation along the eastern margin of the North Pacific and the latitudinal response of climate to orbital changes. The database is available for download at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12863843.v1 (Routson and McKay, 2020).
","language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus Publications","doi":"10.5194/essd-13-1613-2021","usgsCitation":"Routson, C.C., Kaufman, D.S., McKay, N.P., Erb, M., Arcusa, S.H., Brown, K., Kirby, M.E., Marsicek, J., Anderson, R.S., Jimenez-Moreno, G., Rodysill, J.R., Lachniet, M.S., Fritz, S.C., Bennett, J., Goman, M.F., Metcalfe, S.E., Galloway, J.M., Schoups, G., Wahl, D., Morris, J.L., Staines-Urias, F., Dawson, A., Shuman, B.N., Gavin, D.G., Munroe, J.S., and Cumming, B.F., 2021, A multiproxy database of western North American Holocene paleoclimate records: Earth System Science Data, v. 13, p. 1613-1632, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1613-2021.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1613","endPage":"1632","ipdsId":"IP-121927","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454416,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1613-2021","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":384408,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Routson, Cody C. 0000-0001-8694-7809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8694-7809","contributorId":187600,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Routson","given":"Cody","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":812310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaufman, Darrell S. 0000-0002-7572-1414","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7572-1414","contributorId":28308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaufman","given":"Darrell","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":812344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKay, Nicholas P. 0000-0003-3598-5113","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3598-5113","contributorId":7612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKay","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":812345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Erb, Michael 0000-0002-1187-952X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1187-952X","contributorId":220669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Erb","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40222,"text":"School or Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Arcusa, S. H. 0000-0003-0694-9623","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0694-9623","contributorId":255421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arcusa","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brown, Kendrick","contributorId":255444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Kendrick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":812348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kirby, Matthew E.","contributorId":200294,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirby","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13544,"text":"California State University, Fullerton","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Marsicek, Jeremiah","contributorId":197081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marsicek","given":"Jeremiah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":812350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Anderson, R. Scott","contributorId":47041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":812351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Jimenez-Moreno, Gonzalo 0000-0001-7185-8686","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7185-8686","contributorId":127413,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jimenez-Moreno","given":"Gonzalo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":812352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rodysill, Jessica R. 0000-0002-3602-7227 jrodysill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3602-7227","contributorId":207577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodysill","given":"Jessica","email":"jrodysill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Lachniet, M. S. 0000-0001-5250-0144","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5250-0144","contributorId":255430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lachniet","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":40182,"text":"University of Nevada Las Vegas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Fritz, Sherilyn C.","contributorId":30155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritz","given":"Sherilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":812355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Bennett, Joseph","contributorId":203187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bennett","given":"Joseph","affiliations":[{"id":36574,"text":"Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Goman, Michelle F.","contributorId":255445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goman","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":812357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Metcalfe, Sarah E.","contributorId":103555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metcalfe","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":812358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Galloway, J. M. 0000-0002-4548-6396","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4548-6396","contributorId":255437,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Galloway","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13092,"text":"Geological Survey of Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Schoups, G.","contributorId":255438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schoups","given":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":17614,"text":"Delft University of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Wahl, David 0000-0002-0451-3554","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0451-3554","contributorId":206113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahl","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Morris, Jesse L.","contributorId":44829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"Jesse","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":812362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Staines-Urias, F.","contributorId":255440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Staines-Urias","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40164,"text":"Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Dawson, A.","contributorId":255441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dawson","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40107,"text":"Mount Royal University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Shuman, B. N.","contributorId":255442,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shuman","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":36628,"text":"University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Gavin, Daniel G.","contributorId":98213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gavin","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":812366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Munroe, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":24175,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Munroe","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":880956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Cumming, Brian F.","contributorId":172514,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cumming","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":880957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26}]}} ,{"id":70220134,"text":"70220134 - 2021 - Moderate susceptibility to subcutaneous plague (Yersinia pestis) challenge in vaccine-treated and untreated Sonoran deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus sonoriensis) and northern grasshopper mice (Onychomys leucogaster)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-24T16:03:19.959223","indexId":"70220134","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-29T06:54:23","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Moderate susceptibility to subcutaneous plague (Yersinia pestis) challenge in vaccine-treated and untreated Sonoran Deer Mice (Peromyscus maniculatus sonoriensis) and Northern Grasshopper Mice (Onychomys leucogaster)","title":"Moderate susceptibility to subcutaneous plague (Yersinia pestis) challenge in vaccine-treated and untreated Sonoran deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus sonoriensis) and northern grasshopper mice (Onychomys leucogaster)","docAbstract":"The variable response of wild mice to Yersinia pestis infection, the causative agent of plague, has generated much speculation concerning their role in the ecology of this potentially lethal disease. Researchers have questioned the means by which Y. pestis is maintained in nature and also sought methods for managing the disease. Here we assessed the efficacy of a new tool, the sylvatic plague vaccine (SPV), in wild-caught northern grasshopper mice (Onychomys leucogaster) and commercially acquired Sonoran deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus sonoriensis). More than 40% of the animals survived a subcutaneous Y. pestis challenge of 175,000 colony forming units (over 30,000 times the white mouse 50% lethal dose) in both vaccine-treated and control groups. Our results indicate that SPV distribution is unlikely to protect adult mice from plague infection in field settings and corroborate the heterogeneous response to Y. pestis infection in mice reported by others.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-20-00122","usgsCitation":"Bron, G., Smith, S., Williamson, J.L., Tripp, D.W., and Rocke, T.E., 2021, Moderate susceptibility to subcutaneous plague (Yersinia pestis) challenge in vaccine-treated and untreated Sonoran deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus sonoriensis) and northern grasshopper mice (Onychomys leucogaster): Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 57, no. 3, p. 632-636, https://doi.org/10.7589/JWD-D-20-00122.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"632","endPage":"636","ipdsId":"IP-122718","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385242,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bron, Gebbiena","contributorId":170006,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bron","given":"Gebbiena","affiliations":[{"id":25647,"text":"University of Wisconsin - Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of 4 Pathobiological Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Susan 0000-0001-6478-5028 susansmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6478-5028","contributorId":139497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Susan","email":"susansmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":814558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williamson, Judy L. 0000-0001-7110-1632 jwilliamson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7110-1632","contributorId":3647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"Judy","email":"jwilliamson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tripp, Daniel W.","contributorId":17910,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tripp","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13449,"text":"Colorado Division of Parks and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563 trocke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":2665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie","email":"trocke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70216747,"text":"70216747 - 2021 - The influence of legacy contamination on the transport and bioaccumulation of mercury within the Mobile River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-04T15:01:36.439744","indexId":"70216747","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-28T08:52:26","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2331,"text":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of legacy contamination on the transport and bioaccumulation of mercury within the Mobile River Basin","docAbstract":"Past industrial use and subsequent release of mercury (Hg) into the environment have resulted in severe cases of legacy contamination that still influence contemporary Hg levels in biota. While the bioaccumulation of legacy Hg is commonly assessed via concentration measurements within fish tissue, this practice becomes difficult in regions of high productivity and methylmercury (MeHg) production, like the Mobile River Basin, Alabama in the southeastern United States. This study applied Hg stable isotope tracers to distinguish legacy Hg from regional deposition sources in sediments, waters, and fish within the Mobile River. Sediments and waters displayed differences in δ202Hg between industrial and background sites, which corresponded to drastic differences in Hg concentration. Sites that were affected by legacy Hg, as defined by δ202Hg, produced largemouth bass with lower MeHg content (59–70%) than those captured in the main rivers (>85%). Direct measurements of Hg isotopes and mathematical estimates of MeHg isotope pools in fish displayed similar distinctions between legacy and watershed sources as observed in other matrices. These results indicate that legacy Hg can accumulate directly into fish tissue as the inorganic species and may also be available for methylation within contaminated zones decades after the initial release.
The adverse impacts of harmful algal blooms (HABs) are increasing worldwide. Lake Erie is a North American Great Lake highly affected by cultural eutrophication and summer cyanobacterial HABs. While phosphorus loading is a known driver of bloom size, more nuanced yet crucial questions remain. For example, it is unclear what mechanisms are primarily responsible for initiating cyanobacterial dominance and subsequent biomass accumulation. To address these questions, we develop a mechanistic model describing June–October dynamics of chlorophyll a, nitrogen, and phosphorus near the Maumee River outlet, where blooms typically initiate and are most severe. We calibrate the model to a new, geostatistically-derived dataset of daily water quality spanning 2008–2017. A Bayesian framework enables us to embed prior knowledge on system characteristics and test alternative model formulations. Overall, the best model formulation explains 42% of the variability in chlorophyll a and 83% of nitrogen, and better captures bloom timing than previous models. Our results, supported by cross validation, show that onset of the major midsummer bloom is associated with about a month of water temperatures above 20 °C (occurring 19 July to 6 August), consistent with when cyanobacteria dominance is usually reported. Decreased phytoplankton loss rate is the main factor enabling biomass accumulation, consistent with reduced zooplankton grazing on cyanobacteria. The model also shows that phosphorus limitation is most severe in August, and nitrogen limitation tends to occur in early autumn. Our results highlight the role of temperature in regulating bloom initiation and subsequent loss rates, and suggest that a 2 °C increase could lead to blooms that start about 10 days earlier and grow 23% more intense.
The mechanisms causing invasive species impact are rarely empirically tested, limiting our ability to understand and predict subsequent changes in invaded plant communities. Invader disruption of native mutualistic interactions is a mechanism expected to have negative effects on native plant species. Specifically, disruption of native plant‐fungal mutualisms may provide non‐mycorrhizal plant invaders an advantage over mycorrhizal native plants. Invasive Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) produces secondary chemicals toxic to soil microorganisms including mycorrhizal fungi, and is known to induce physiological stress and reduce population growth rates of native forest understory plant species. Here, we report on a 11‐yr manipulative field experiment in replicated forest plots testing if the effects of removal of garlic mustard on the plant community support the mutualism disruption hypothesis within the entire understory herbaceous community. We compare community responses for two functional groups: the mycorrhizal vs. the non‐mycorrhizal plant communities. Our results show that garlic mustard weeding alters the community composition, decreases community evenness, and increases the abundance of understory herbs that associate with mycorrhizal fungi. Conversely, garlic mustard has no significant effects on the non‐mycorrhizal plant community. Consistent with the mutualism disruption hypothesis, our results demonstrate that allelochemical producing invaders modify the plant community by disproportionately impacting mycorrhizal plant species. We also demonstrate the importance of incorporating causal mechanisms of biological invasion to elucidate patterns and predict community‐level responses.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecy.3201","usgsCitation":"Roche, M., Pearse, I., Bialic-Murphy, L., Kivlin, S.N., Sofaer, H., and Kalisz, S., 2021, Negative effects of an allelopathic invader on AM fungal plant species drive community‐level responses: Ecology, v. 102, no. 1, e03201, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3201.","productDescription":"e03201, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118543","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454423,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3201","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VP7BFU","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data on the impacts of garlic mustard from a weeding experiment in Pennsylvania 2006-2016"},{"id":436662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VP7BFU","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data on the impacts of garlic mustard from a weeding experiment in Pennsylvania 2006-2016"},{"id":382484,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roche, Morgan 0000-0002-2276-3944","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2276-3944","contributorId":248273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roche","given":"Morgan","affiliations":[{"id":49844,"text":"U Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearse, Ian S. 0000-0001-7098-0495","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-0495","contributorId":211154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearse","given":"Ian","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bialic-Murphy, Lalasia 0000-0001-6046-8316","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6046-8316","contributorId":248274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bialic-Murphy","given":"Lalasia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49844,"text":"U Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kivlin, Stephanie N 0000-0003-2442-7773","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2442-7773","contributorId":248275,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kivlin","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"N","affiliations":[{"id":49844,"text":"U Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sofaer, Helen 0000-0002-9450-5223","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9450-5223","contributorId":216681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sofaer","given":"Helen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kalisz, Susan 0000-0002-1761-5752","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1761-5752","contributorId":248276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kalisz","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49844,"text":"U Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70223267,"text":"70223267 - 2021 - Leveraging deep learning in global 24/7 real-time earthquake monitoring at the National Earthquake Information Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-19T16:05:23.41401","indexId":"70223267","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-23T11:01:13","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Leveraging deep learning in global 24/7 real-time earthquake monitoring at the National Earthquake Information Center","docAbstract":"Machine‐learning algorithms continue to show promise in their application to seismic processing. The U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) is exploring the adoption of these tools to aid in simultaneous local, regional, and global real‐time earthquake monitoring. As a first step, we describe a simple framework to incorporate deep‐learning tools into NEIC operations. Automatic seismic arrival detections made from standard picking methods (e.g., short‐term average/long‐term average [STA/LTA]) are fed to trained neural network models to improve automatic seismic‐arrival (pick) timing and estimate seismic‐arrival phase type and source‐station distances. These additional data are used to improve the capabilities of the NEIC associator. We compile a dataset of 1.3 million seismic‐phase arrivals that represent a globally distributed set of source‐station paths covering a range of phase types, magnitudes, and source distances. We train three separate convolutional neural network models to predict arrival time onset, phase type, and distance. We validate the performance of the trained networks on a subset of our existing dataset and further extend validation by exploring the model performance when applied to NEIC automatic pick data feeds. We show that the information provided by these models can be useful in downstream event processing, specifically in seismic‐phase association, resulting in reduced false associations and improved location estimates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220200178","usgsCitation":"Yeck, W.L., Patton, J., Ross, Z.E., Hayes, G., Guy, M.M., Ambruz, N., Shelly, D.R., Benz, H.M., and Earle, P.S., 2021, Leveraging deep learning in global 24/7 real-time earthquake monitoring at the National Earthquake Information Center: Seismological Research Letters, v. 92, no. 1, p. 4469-480, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220200178.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"4469","endPage":"480","ipdsId":"IP-120508","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9OHF4WL","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Waveform Data and Metadata used to National Earthquake Information Center Deep-Learning Models"},{"id":436664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ICQPUR","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"neic-machine-learning"},{"id":388157,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yeck, William L. 0000-0002-2801-8873 wyeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2801-8873","contributorId":147558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeck","given":"William","email":"wyeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patton, John 0000-0003-0142-5118","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0142-5118","contributorId":218681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patton","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ross, Zachary E.","contributorId":196001,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ross","given":"Zachary","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":821550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. 0000-0003-3323-0112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-0112","contributorId":6157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Guy, Michelle M. 0000-0003-3450-4656 mguy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3450-4656","contributorId":173432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"Michelle","email":"mguy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ambruz, Nicholas 0000-0002-3660-3546","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3660-3546","contributorId":218684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ambruz","given":"Nicholas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Shelly, David R. dshelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":2978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelly","given":"David","email":"dshelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Benz, Harley M. 0000-0002-6860-2134 benz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-2134","contributorId":794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"Harley","email":"benz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Earle, Paul S. 0000-0002-3500-017X pearle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3500-017X","contributorId":173551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earle","given":"Paul","email":"pearle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70219190,"text":"70219190 - 2021 - Multidecadal comparison of Red-footed Booby Sula sula diet at Ulupa'u Crater, O'ahu, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-31T11:52:28.192003","indexId":"70219190","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-22T07:34:09","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7948,"text":"Marine Onithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multidecadal comparison of Red-footed Booby Sula sula diet at Ulupa'u Crater, O'ahu, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"We describe the diet of Red-footed Boobies Sula sula nesting at Ulupaʻu Crater, Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi based on 106 regurgitations collected during 2014 and 2015. We also compare our results to a diet study at this colony five decades earlier. Both studies indicate that flying squid (Ommastrephidae) and flyingfish (Exocoetidae) are important prey for this population while provisioning chicks. In particular, purpleback flying squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis occurred in the majority (>70%) of the recent regurgitation samples, and their size (mantle length <11 cm) indicates that they were mostly juveniles. Moreover, the size distribution of the squid prey varied by year, indicating interannual variability in phenology of spawning and larval development. This study highlights the Red-footed Boobys reliance on the juveniles of this poorly-studied squid, and underscores their value as biological samplers of epipelagic fish and squid within their foraging areas.","language":"English","publisher":"Pacific Seabird Group","usgsCitation":"Donahue, S.E., Adams, J., and Hyrenbach, K.D., 2021, Multidecadal comparison of Red-footed Booby Sula sula diet at Ulupa'u Crater, O'ahu, Hawai'i: Marine Onithology, v. 49, p. 51-55.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"55","ipdsId":"IP-120369","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384740,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/49_1/49_1_51-55.pdf"},{"id":384755,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Ulupa'u Crater","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.73929595947266,\n 21.437889860371723\n ],\n [\n -157.71783828735352,\n 21.437889860371723\n ],\n [\n -157.71783828735352,\n 21.46664830099439\n ],\n [\n -157.73929595947266,\n 21.46664830099439\n ],\n [\n -157.73929595947266,\n 21.437889860371723\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"49","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donahue, Sarah E.","contributorId":256730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donahue","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":51840,"text":"Hawai‘i Pacific University, Marine Science, 41-202 Kalanianaole Hwy, Waimanalo, HI 96795, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Josh 0000-0003-3056-925X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3056-925X","contributorId":213442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Josh","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hyrenbach, K David","contributorId":256731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hyrenbach","given":"K","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":51840,"text":"Hawai‘i Pacific University, Marine Science, 41-202 Kalanianaole Hwy, Waimanalo, HI 96795, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70214122,"text":"70214122 - 2021 - Seasonality of acarological risk of exposure to Borrelia miyamotoi from questing life stages of Ixodes scapularis collected from Wisconsin and Massachusetts, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-12T17:34:23.313053","indexId":"70214122","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-21T09:29:26","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5082,"text":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Seasonality of acarological risk of exposure to Borrelia miyamotoi from questing life stages of Ixodes scapularis collected from Wisconsin and Massachusetts, USA","title":"Seasonality of acarological risk of exposure to Borrelia miyamotoi from questing life stages of Ixodes scapularis collected from Wisconsin and Massachusetts, USA","docAbstract":"Measures of acarological risk of exposure to Ixodes scapularis-borne disease agents typically focus on nymphs; however, the relapsing fever group spirochete, Borrelia miyamotoi can be transmitted transovarially, and I. scapularis larvae are capable of transmitting B. miyamotoi to their hosts. 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Assuming homogenous contact rates with humans, these results suggest that eco-epidemiological investigations of B. miyamotoi disease in North America should include larvae.A fuller appreciation of the epidemiological implications of these results, therefore, requires an examination of the heterogeneity in contact rates with humans among life stages.
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hginsberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-2466","contributorId":147665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"Howard S.","email":"hginsberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kobbekaduwa, Vishvapali","contributorId":241090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kobbekaduwa","given":"Vishvapali","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rulison, Eric L.","contributorId":87478,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rulison","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6922,"text":"University of Rhode Island","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Beati, Lorenza","contributorId":148019,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beati","given":"Lorenza","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16976,"text":"Georgia Southern University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tsao, Jean I.","contributorId":140905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsao","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70219258,"text":"70219258 - 2021 - Genetic analysis of the diet of red‐footed boobies (Sula sula) provisioning chicks at Ulupa'u Crater, O'ahu","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-02T12:33:17.577092","indexId":"70219258","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-21T07:30:09","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":862,"text":"Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic analysis of the diet of red‐footed boobies (Sula sula) provisioning chicks at Ulupa'u Crater, O'ahu","docAbstract":"Lake Tahoe, a large freshwater lake of the eastern Sierra Nevada in California and Nevada, has 63 tributaries that are sources of nutrients and sediment to the lake. The Tahoe watershed is relatively small, and the surface area of the lake occupies about 38% of the watershed area (1313 km2). Only about 6% of the watershed is urbanized or residential land, and as part of a plan to maintain water clarity, wastewater is exported out of the basin. The lake's clarity has been diminishing due to algae and fine sediment, prompting development of management plans. Much of the annual discharge and nutrient load to the lake results from snowmelt in the spring and summer months. To understand the relative importance of land use, climate, forest management, and other factors affecting trends in nutrient stream concentrations and loads, a Weighted Regression on Time Discharge and Season (WRTDS) model simulated these trends over a time frame of >25 years (mid-1970s to 2017). All studied locations generally show nitrate concentration and load trending down. Ammonium concentration and load initially trended down then increased continuously after 2005. Some locations show initially decreasing orthophosphate trends, followed by small significant increases in concentration and loads starting around 2000 to 2005. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus and suspended sediment mostly trended downward. Overall, the trends in various forms of nitrogen were observed at most sites irrespective of the degree of development and indicate a change in ecological conditions is affecting the nitrogen cycle throughout the watershed, most likely attributable to forest aggradation and fire suppression. Ratios of bioavailable nitrogen in the form of nitrate and ammonium to orthophosphate have also trended downward during the period of record suggesting a shift of these streams from phosphorus limited to nitrogen limited.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141815","usgsCitation":"Domagalski, J.L., Morway, E.D., Alvarez, N.L., Hutchins, J., Rosen, M.R., and Coats, R., 2021, Trends in nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment concentrations and loads in streams draining to Lake Tahoe, California, Nevada, USA: Science of the Total Environment (STOTEN), v. 752, 141815, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141815.","productDescription":"141815, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-116547","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436671,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P98T2HNM","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Discharge, nutrient, and suspended sediment data for selected streams in the Lake Tahoe watershed"},{"id":436670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P98T2HNM","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Discharge, nutrient, and suspended sediment data for selected streams in the Lake Tahoe watershed"},{"id":378607,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ja/70214032/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Lake Tahoe","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.27282714843749,\n 38.807610542357594\n ],\n [\n -119.80865478515625,\n 38.807610542357594\n ],\n [\n -119.80865478515625,\n 39.31942523123949\n ],\n [\n -120.27282714843749,\n 39.31942523123949\n ],\n [\n -120.27282714843749,\n 38.807610542357594\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"752","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morway, Eric D. 0000-0002-8553-6140 emorway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8553-6140","contributorId":4320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morway","given":"Eric","email":"emorway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alvarez, Nancy L. 0000-0001-8037-1001 nalvarez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8037-1001","contributorId":206530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"Nancy","email":"nalvarez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hutchins, Juliet 0000-0001-7385-4160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7385-4160","contributorId":240999,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hutchins","given":"Juliet","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37762,"text":"California State University, Sacramento","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rosen, Michael R. 0000-0003-3991-0522 mrosen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3991-0522","contributorId":495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"mrosen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Coats, Robert 0000-0002-0402-032X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0402-032X","contributorId":241000,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coats","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48187,"text":"Hydroikos Ltd","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70214565,"text":"70214565 - 2021 - An integrative ecological drought framework to span plant stress to ecosystem transformation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-30T17:40:38.884535","indexId":"70214565","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-19T09:16:16","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An integrative ecological drought framework to span plant stress to ecosystem transformation","docAbstract":"Droughts have increased globally in the twenty-first century and are expected to become more extreme and widespread in the future. Assessments of how drought affects plants and ecosystems lack consistency in scope and methodology, confounding efforts to mechanistically interpret structural and functional impacts and predict future transformations under climate change. To promote integration among studies, we identify water deficit conditions that are ecologically meaningful, clarify the stages in which ecological drought progresses, and consider approaches to synthesize drought effects across multiple species and ecosystems. This improved ecological drought framework reveals advantages of using different ecological drought metrics and strengthens approaches to distinguish ecosystem stress from crossing an irreversible threshold. We employ several well-studied examples from water-limited ecosystems, which contain plants that are often at their physiological limits and highly responsive to climate variability. We suggest that emerging research on early warning signs, drought recovery, and the effects of land management interventions be incorporated into the ecological drought framework. An integrative approach to understand ecological drought can accelerate scientific advancement and create opportunity to adapt and prepare for crossing irreversible ecosystem thresholds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10021-020-00555-y","usgsCitation":"Munson, S.M., Bradford, J.B., and Hultine, K.R., 2021, An integrative ecological drought framework to span plant stress to ecosystem transformation: Ecosystems, v. 24, p. 739-754, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-020-00555-y.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"739","endPage":"754","ipdsId":"IP-118682","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378903,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Munson, Seth M. 0000-0002-2736-6374 smunson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-6374","contributorId":1334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"Seth","email":"smunson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hultine, Kevin R.","contributorId":181976,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hultine","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":800115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70214978,"text":"70214978 - 2021 - Hydrocarbons to carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules: A continuum model to describe biodegradation of petroleum-derived dissolved organic matter in contaminated groundwater plumes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-05T12:45:51.418963","indexId":"70214978","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-19T07:35:25","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2331,"text":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrocarbons to carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules: A continuum model to describe biodegradation of petroleum-derived dissolved organic matter in contaminated groundwater plumes","docAbstract":"Relationships between dissolved organic matter (DOM) reactivity and chemical composition in a groundwater plume containing petroleum-derived DOM (DOMHC) were examined by quantitative and qualitative measurements to determine the source and chemical composition of the compounds that persist downgradient. Samples were collected from a transect down the core of the plume in the direction of groundwater flow. An exponential decrease in dissolved organic carbon concentration resulting from biodegradation along the transect correlated with a continuous shift in fluorescent DOMHC from shorter to longer wavelengths. Moreover, ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry showed a shift from low molecular weight (MW) aliphatic, reduced compounds to high MW, unsaturated (alicyclic/aromatic), high oxygen compounds that are consistent with carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules. The degree of condensed aromaticity increased downgradient, indicating that compounds with larger, conjugated aromatic core structures were less susceptible to biodegradation. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed a decrease in alkyl (particularly methyl) and an increase in aromatic/olefinic structural motifs. Collectively, data obtained from the combination of these complementary analytical techniques indicated that changes in the DOMHC composition of a groundwater plume are gradual, as relatively low molecular weight (MW), reduced, aliphatic compounds from the oil source were selectively degraded and high MW, alicyclic/aromatic, oxidized compounds persisted.
Environmental DNA (eDNA) has emerged as a potentially powerful tool for use in conservation and resource management, including for tracking the recolonization dynamics of fish populations. We used eDNA to assess the effectiveness of dam removal to restore fish passage on the Elwha River in Washington State (USA). Using a suite of 11 species‐specific eDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, we showed that most targeted anadromous species (five Pacific Salmon species and Pacific Lamprey) were able to pass upstream of both former dam sites. Multiscale occupancy modeling showed that the timing and spatial extent of recolonization differed among species during the four years of post‐dam removal monitoring. More abundant species like Chinook Salmon and Coho Salmon migrated farther into the upper portions of the watershed than less abundant species like Pink Salmon and Chum Salmon. Sampling also allowed assessment of potamodromous fish species. Bull Trout and Rainbow Trout, ubiquitous species in the watershed, were detected at all sampling locations. Environmental DNA from Brook Trout, a non‐native species isolated between the dams prior to dam removal, was detected downstream of Elwha dam but rarely upstream of the Glines Canyon Dam suggested that the species has not expanded its range appreciably in the watershed following dam removal. We found that eDNA was an effective tool to assess the response of fish populations to large‐scale dam removal on the Elwha River.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/edn3.134","usgsCitation":"Duda, J.J., Hoy, M.S., Chase, D.M., Pess, G.R., Brenkman, S.J., McHenry, M.M., and Ostberg, C.O., 2021, Environmental DNA is an effective tool to track recolonizing migratory fish following large‐scale dam removal: Environmental DNA, v. 3, no. 1, p. 121-141, https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.134.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"141","ipdsId":"IP-117988","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454438,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.134","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436672,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96R5Q0M","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Environmental DNA (eDNA) is an Effective Tool to Track Recolonizing Migratory Fish Following Large-Scale Dam Removal, field data"},{"id":382487,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duda, Jeffrey J. 0000-0001-7431-8634 jduda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-8634","contributorId":148954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jduda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoy, Marshal S. 0000-0003-2828-9697","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2828-9697","contributorId":220730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoy","given":"Marshal","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chase, Dorothy M. 0000-0002-7759-2687","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7759-2687","contributorId":203926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"Dorothy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pess, George R.","contributorId":13501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pess","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6578,"text":"National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA 98112, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brenkman, Samuel J.","contributorId":138941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brenkman","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12587,"text":"Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McHenry, Michael M","contributorId":239726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McHenry","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":16823,"text":"Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, Port Angeles, Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ostberg, Carl O. 0000-0003-1479-8458","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1479-8458","contributorId":220731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostberg","given":"Carl","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70228609,"text":"70228609 - 2021 - Impacts of small dams on stream temperature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-14T17:19:08.866549","indexId":"70228609","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-16T11:14:43","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of small dams on stream temperature","docAbstract":"Small, surface-release dams are ubiquitous features of the landscape that typically slow water flow and decrease canopy cover through impounded reaches, potentially increasing stream temperatures. However, reported effects of small dams on water temperature are variable, likely due to differences in landscape and dam characteristics. To quantify the range of thermal effects of small dams, we deployed continuous temperature loggers for one to four years at 30 dam sites across a range of environmental settings throughout Massachusetts (USA). Most dams (67%) warmed downstream waters, with August mean temperatures 0.20–5.25 °C higher than upstream. Downstream temperatures cooled with increased distance from the dam at 68% of sites, such that the warmest temperatures were observed closest to the dam. Where there was both a significant downstream warming effect and cooling pattern (seven sites), elevated temperatures persisted for an average of 1.31 km downstream of the dam. Dams with impoundments that caused the greatest relative widening of the stream channel and those on coldwater streams had the most warming, while streams with short dams in forested watersheds cooled most quickly downstream of the dam. Flow had a homogenizing effect on water temperatures at over half of the sites, whereby summer thermal impacts were more pronounced (e.g., more warming, faster cooling rates) under periods of lower flows. Downstream warming may reduce habitat for coldwater fishes and invertebrates, particularly where dams shift coldwater/coolwater habitat to warmwater. These results suggest that dam removal may mitigate elevated stream temperatures and increase ecosystem resilience in the face of a changing climate via restoration of critical coldwater habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106878","usgsCitation":"Zaidel, P.A., Roy, A.H., Houle, K.M., Lambert, B., Letcher, B., Nislow, K., and Smith, C., 2021, Impacts of small dams on stream temperature: Ecological Indicators, v. 120, 106878, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106878.","productDescription":"106878, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-117686","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106878","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395896,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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rubricauda","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-05T21:04:27.61783","indexId":"70215617","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-16T09:04:16","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":862,"text":"Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Genetic diversity, population structure, and historical demography of a highly vagile and human‐impacted seabird in the Pacific Ocean: The red‐tailed tropicbird, Phaethon rubricauda","title":"Genetic diversity, population structure, and historical demography of a highly vagile and human‐impacted seabird in the Pacific Ocean: The red‐tailed tropicbird, Phaethon rubricauda","docAbstract":"This review evaluates the importance of plants and associated biological processes in determining the vulnerability of coastal wetlands to sea-level rise. Coastal wetlands occur across a broad sedimentary continuum from minerogenic to biogenic, providing an opportunity to examine the relative importance of biological processes in wetland resilience to sea-level rise. We explore how plants influence sediment accretion, elevation capital (vertical position in the tidal frame), and compaction or erosion of deposited material. We focus on salt marsh and mangrove wetlands, which occupy a similar physiographic niche and display similar physical and biological controls on resilience to sea-level rise. In both habitats, plants stabilize emergent mudflats and help sustain the wetland position in the tidal frame relative to ocean height through both surface and subsurface process controls on soil elevation. Plants influence soil elevations by modifying (1) mineral sediment deposition and retention, (2) organic matter contributions to soil volume, and (3) resistance to compaction and erosion. Recognition of the importance of plants in coastal wetland resilience to sea-level rise is key to accurate predictions about the future fate of salt marshes and mangrove forests and for development of effective management and restoration plans.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-020-00834-w","usgsCitation":"Cahoon, D.R., McKee, K.L., and James Morris, 2021, How plants influence resilience of salt marsh and mangrove wetlands to sea-level rise: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 44, p. 883-898, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-020-00834-w.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"883","endPage":"898","ipdsId":"IP-118213","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378521,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cahoon, Donald R. 0000-0002-2591-5667 dcahoon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-5667","contributorId":3791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"Donald","email":"dcahoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKee, Karen L. 0000-0001-7042-670X mckeek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-670X","contributorId":704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Karen","email":"mckeek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"James Morris","contributorId":240798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"James Morris","affiliations":[{"id":37804,"text":"University of South Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70266305,"text":"70266305 - 2021 - Responding to ecosystem transformation: Resist, accept, or direct?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-02T15:46:02.539519","indexId":"70266305","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-15T10:41:02","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responding to ecosystem transformation: Resist, accept, or direct?","docAbstract":"Ecosystem transformation can be defined as the emergence of a self‐organizing, self‐sustaining, ecological or social–ecological system that deviates from prior ecosystem structure and function. These transformations are occurring across the globe; consequently, a static view of ecosystem processes is likely no longer sufficient for managing fish, wildlife, and other species. We present a framework that encompasses three strategies for fish and wildlife managers dealing with ecosystems vulnerable to transformation. Specifically, managers can resist change and strive to maintain existing ecosystem composition, structure, and function; accept transformation when it is not feasible to resist change or when changes are deemed socially acceptable; or direct change to a future ecosystem configuration that would yield desirable outcomes. Choice of a particular option likely hinges on anticipating future change, while also acknowledging that temporal and spatial scales, recent history and current state of the system, and magnitude of change can factor into the decision. This suite of management strategies can be implemented using a structured approach of learning and adapting as ecosystems change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1002/fsh.10506","usgsCitation":"Thompson, L., Lynch, A., Beever, E.A., Engman, A.C., Falke, J.A., Jackson, S., Krabbenhoft, T.J., Lawrence, D.J., Limpinsel, D., Magill, R.T., Melvin, T.A., Morton, J., Newman, R.A., Peterson, J., Porath, M., Rahel, F., Sethi, S., and Wilkening, J.L., 2021, Responding to ecosystem transformation: Resist, accept, or direct?: Fisheries, v. 46, p. 8-21, https://doi.org/10.1002/fsh.10506.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"21","ipdsId":"IP-106816","costCenters":[{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/662904","text":"External 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A basin-scale perspective may increase awareness at a broader scope and generate insight not evident at local scales. We examined the array of reservoir attributes and fisheries in the Mississippi Basin to identify management opportunities. The basin is the third largest in the world and includes over 1,700 reservoirs >100 ha, the most of any river basin. Our bird's-eye view shows a piecemeal approach where reservoirs are mostly administered at the local level. Basin-wide or catchment coordination to holistically address problems that recur across the basin is mostly lacking. A basin-wide coordination arrangement could facilitate various facets of reservoir management. We reviewed governance arrangements in major river basins across the globe and concluded that the basin-wide administrative layer we encourage for the Mississippi Basin may already exist in some basins but may not be directly applicable everywhere.
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C.","contributorId":275746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rhodes","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70213544,"text":"70213544 - 2021 - Comparison of anadromous and landlocked Atlantic salmon genomes reveals signatures of parallel and relaxed selection across the northern hemisphere","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-05T21:17:42.472391","indexId":"70213544","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-13T06:56:50","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1601,"text":"Evolutionary Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of anadromous and landlocked Atlantic salmon genomes reveals signatures of parallel and relaxed selection across the northern hemisphere","docAbstract":"Most Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) populations follow an anadromous life cycle, spending early life in freshwater, migrating to the sea for feeding and returning to rivers to spawn. At the end of the last ice age ~10,000 years ago, several populations of Atlantic salmon became landlocked. Comparing their genomes to their anadromous counterparts can help identify genetic variation related to either freshwater residency or anadromy. The objective of this study was to identify consistently divergent loci between anadromous and landlocked Atlantic salmon strains throughout their geographical distribution, with the long‐term aim of identifying traits relevant for salmon aquaculture, including fresh and seawater growth, omega‐3 metabolism, smoltification and disease resistance. We used a Pool‐seq approach (n=10‐40 individuals per population) to sequence the genomes of twelve anadromous and six landlocked Atlantic salmon populations covering a large part of the northern hemisphere and conducted a genome‐wide association study to identify genomic regions having been under different selection pressure in landlocked and anadromous strains. A total of 28 genomic regions were identified, and included cadm1 on Chr 13, and ppargc1a on Chr 18. Seven of the regions additionally displayed consistently reduced heterozygosity in fish obtained from landlocked populations, including the genes gpr132, cdca4 and sertad2 on Chr 15. We also found 16 regions, including igf1 on Chr 17, which consistently display reduced heterozygosity in the anadromous populations compared to the freshwater populations, indicating relaxed selection on traits associated with anadromy in landlocked salmon. In conclusion, we have identified 37 regions which may harbor genetic variation relevant for improving fish welfare and quality in the salmon farming industry and for understanding life history traits in fish.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eva.13129","usgsCitation":"Kjaerner-Semb, E., Edvardsen, R.B., Ayllon, F., Vogelsang, P., Furmanek, T., Rubin, C.J., Vaselov, A.E., Nilsen, T.O., McCormick, S.D., Primmer, C.R., and Wargelius, A., 2021, Comparison of anadromous and landlocked Atlantic salmon genomes reveals signatures of parallel and relaxed selection across the northern hemisphere: Evolutionary Applications, v. 14, no. 2, p. 446-461, https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13129.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"446","endPage":"461","ipdsId":"IP-118710","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13129","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":378559,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kjaerner-Semb, Erik 0000-0001-7160-6710","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7160-6710","contributorId":240965,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kjaerner-Semb","given":"Erik","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48174,"text":"Inst of Marine Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edvardsen, Rolf B","contributorId":240966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Edvardsen","given":"Rolf","email":"","middleInitial":"B","affiliations":[{"id":48174,"text":"Inst of Marine Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ayllon, Fernando","contributorId":240967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ayllon","given":"Fernando","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48174,"text":"Inst of Marine Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vogelsang, Petra","contributorId":240968,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vogelsang","given":"Petra","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48174,"text":"Inst of Marine Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Furmanek, Tomasz","contributorId":240969,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Furmanek","given":"Tomasz","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48174,"text":"Inst of Marine Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rubin, Carl Johan","contributorId":240970,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rubin","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"Johan","affiliations":[{"id":37671,"text":"Uppsala University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vaselov, Alexey E.","contributorId":240983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vaselov","given":"Alexey","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nilsen, Tom Ole","contributorId":240971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nilsen","given":"Tom","email":"","middleInitial":"Ole","affiliations":[{"id":28158,"text":"University of Bergen","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":139214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Primmer, Craig R","contributorId":240972,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Primmer","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":48177,"text":"Univ of Helsinki","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wargelius, Anna","contributorId":240973,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wargelius","given":"Anna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48174,"text":"Inst of Marine Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ]}