Hydrologic and water-quality information from the coal region in parts of 11 counties in southwestern Indiana are summarized. Pennsylvanian and Mississippian bedrock are overlain by drift and till from the Kansan, Illinoian, and Wisconsinan glaciers that covered two-thirds of the area. Most of the coal is mined from Pennsylvanian coal units. As of 1978, more than 1-billion short tons of coal had been mined from the 11 counties. More than 12-billion short tons remained in reserve. During 1978, 17.8-million short tons were mined. Coal mining disturbs less than 1% of the land in the study area. Sixty-two percent of the land use is agricultural, and 29% is forested. More coal is mined in the southern and western parts of the study area than elsewhere. Surface water in these parts had lower pH and alkalinity than water in the north and east parts. Specific conductance and concentrations of sulfate, iron, and manganese in surface water were higher in the south and west than elsewhere. (USGS)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81498","usgsCitation":"Wangsness, D.J., Miller, R.L., Bailey, Z., and Crawford, C.G., 1981, Hydrology of area 32, Eastern Region, Interior Coal Province, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-498, v, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81498.","productDescription":"v, 76 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":94758,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0498/report.pdf","size":"22065","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0498/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db602057","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wangsness, David J.","contributorId":81475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wangsness","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R. L.","contributorId":54178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bailey, Z. C.","contributorId":54587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Z. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crawford, Charles G. 0000-0003-1653-7841 cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-7841","contributorId":1064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Charles","email":"cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":154870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":7238,"text":"ofr81636 - 1981 - Hydrology of area 25, Eastern Region, Interior Coal Province, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:50","indexId":"ofr81636","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-636","title":"Hydrology of area 25, Eastern Region, Interior Coal Province, Illinois","docAbstract":"The eastern region of the Interior Coal Province has been divided into 11 hydrologic study areas. Area 25, located in west-central Illinois, includes the Spoon River and small tributaries to the Illinois River. Pennsylvanian age rocks underlie most of the study area. Illinois, with the largest reserves of bituminous coal, is second only to Montana in total coal reserves. Loess soils cover most of the study area. Agriculture is the dominant land use. Surface water provides 97% of all the water used. Precipitation averages 34 to 35 inches. Water-quality data has been collected at over 31 sites. Analysis for specific conductance, pH, alkalinity, iron, manganese, sulfate and many trace elements and other water-quality constituents have been completed. These data are available from computer storage through the National Water Data Storage and Retrieval System (WATSTORE). (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81636","usgsCitation":"Zuehls, E., Ryan, G., Peart, D., and Fitzgerald, K.K., 1981, Hydrology of area 25, Eastern Region, Interior Coal Province, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-636, v, 66 p. :col. ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81636.","productDescription":"v, 66 p. :col. ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":94756,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0636/report.pdf","size":"19580","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0636/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db602062","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zuehls, E.E.","contributorId":19942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuehls","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryan, G.L.","contributorId":68727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peart, D.B.","contributorId":45304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peart","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fitzgerald, K. K.","contributorId":34501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzgerald","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":7236,"text":"ofr81492 - 1981 - Hydrology of area 18, Eastern Coal Province, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:50","indexId":"ofr81492","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-492","title":"Hydrology of area 18, Eastern Coal Province, Tennessee","docAbstract":"The Eastern Coal Province is divided into 24 hydrologic reporting areas. This report describes the hydrology of area 18 which is located in the Cumberland River basin in central Tennessee near the southern end of the Province. Hydrologic information and sources are presented as text, tables, maps, and other illustrations designed to be useful to mine owners, operators, and consulting engineers in implementing permit applications that comply with the environmental requirements of the ' Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977. ' Area 18 encompasses parts of three physiographic regions; from east to west the Cumberland Plateau, Highland Rim, and Central Basin. The Plateau is underlain by sandstones and shales, with thin interbedded coal beds, of Pennsylvanian age. The Highland Rim and Central Basin are underlain by limestone and dolomite of Mississippian age. Field and laboratory analyses of chemical and physical water-quality parameters of streamflow samples show no widespread water quality problems. Some streams, however, in the heavily mined areas have concentrations of sulfate, iron, manganese, and sediment above natural levels, and pH values below natural levels. Mine seepage and direct mine drainage were not sampled. Ground water occurs in and moves through fractures in the sandstones and shales and solution openings in the limestones and dolomites. Depth to water is variable, ranging from about 5 to 70 feet below land-surface in the limestones and dolomites, and 15 to 40 feet in the coal-bearing rocks. The quality of ground water is generally good. Locally, in coal-bearing rocks, acidic water and high concentrations of manganese, chloride, and iron have been detected. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81492","usgsCitation":"May, V., 1981, Hydrology of area 18, Eastern Coal Province, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-492, 78 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;29 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81492.","productDescription":"78 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;29 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":94754,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0492/report.pdf","size":"25049","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0492/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db6045e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"May, V.J.","contributorId":71539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"V.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":12259,"text":"ofr811186 - 1981 - Reconnaissance of the ground-water resources of Kings and Queens counties, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:41","indexId":"ofr811186","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1186","title":"Reconnaissance of the ground-water resources of Kings and Queens counties, New York","docAbstract":"Western Long Island 's ground-water resources are being considered for redevelopment as a supplemental source of public water supply. The ground-water reservoir in Kings and Queens Counties had supplied an average of more than 120 million gallons per day for industrial and public water supply from 1904 to 1947. However, deterioration of groundwater quality from induced encroachment of salty ground-water caused the total cessation of pumping for public supply in Kings County in 1947 and in western Queens County in 1974. This investigation was designed to make a preliminary evaluation of the present groundwater quality and to review hydrologic information pertinent to the formulation of an appropriate development plan. Detailed hydrogeologic mapping was done to define the geometry of the ground-water system. The history of ground-water development and the consequent responses of ground-water levels and quantity were summarized. A well network was established to monitor ground-water levels and ground-water quality in Kings and Queens Counties. The distribution of chloride and nitrate in ground-water was used to identify contamination from salt-water intrusion and surface sources. A limited source of potable ground-water is available in the Magothy-Jameco and Lloyd aquifers; however, an accurate estimate of the quantity of water available or a draft rate suitable for maintaining a useable ground-water quality is undetermined. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr811186","usgsCitation":"Buxton, H., Soren, J., Posner, A., and Shernoff, P., 1981, Reconnaissance of the ground-water resources of Kings and Queens counties, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1186, 64 p., ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811186.","productDescription":"64 p., ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1186/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":40423,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1186/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c497","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buxton, H. T.","contributorId":67873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"H. 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K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":6396,"text":"pp1044I - 1981 - The geothermal hydrology of Warner Valley, Oregon: A reconnaissance study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-23T22:37:05.37152","indexId":"pp1044I","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1044","chapter":"I","title":"The geothermal hydrology of Warner Valley, Oregon: A reconnaissance study","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geohydrology of geothermal systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1044I","usgsCitation":"Sammel, E.A., and Craig, R.W., 1981, The geothermal hydrology of Warner Valley, Oregon: A reconnaissance study: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1044, Report: 147 p.; 1 Plate: 28.50 × 40.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1044I.","productDescription":"Report: 147 p.; 1 Plate: 28.50 × 40.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":33769,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1044i/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33770,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1044i/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":121573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1044i/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":393395,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4698.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Warner Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.125,\n 42.5167\n ],\n [\n -119.6250,\n 42.5167\n ],\n [\n -119.6250,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -120.125,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -120.125,\n 42.5167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d59d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sammel, Edward A.","contributorId":78320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sammel","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Craig, Robert W.","contributorId":37729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craig","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":11724,"text":"ofr81491 - 1981 - Hydrologic data for urban studies in the Dallas, Texas, metropolitan area, 1979","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-10T17:31:30.042271","indexId":"ofr81491","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-491","title":"Hydrologic data for urban studies in the Dallas, Texas, metropolitan area, 1979","docAbstract":"Hydrologic investigations of urban watersheds in Texas were begun by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1954. These studies are now in progress in Austin, Houston, and San Antonio. The study for the Fort Worth metropolitan area was completed at the end of the 1978 water year, and this report is the last annual report for the Dallas metropolitan area. Hydrologic data contained in this report and all previous reports of both the Dallas and Fort Worth metropolitan areas are being used to prepare an interpretive report entitled \"Techniques for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods in the Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas, metropolitan areas,\" which will be released in 1981.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81491","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the cities of Dallas, Garland and Mesquite; the Dallas County Department of Public Works; and the Texas Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Wood, C., Butler, H., and Benton, J., 1981, Hydrologic data for urban studies in the Dallas, Texas, metropolitan area, 1979: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-491, 147 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81491.","productDescription":"147 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":405082,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0491/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":143787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0491/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Dallas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.8662109375,\n 32.10118973232094\n ],\n [\n -95.80078125,\n 32.10118973232094\n ],\n [\n -95.80078125,\n 33.394759218577995\n ],\n [\n -97.8662109375,\n 33.394759218577995\n ],\n [\n -97.8662109375,\n 32.10118973232094\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ce4b07f02db607c66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, C.M.","contributorId":106454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butler, H.S.","contributorId":28602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"H.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benton, J.D.","contributorId":25152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benton","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":11722,"text":"ofr81479 - 1981 - Documentation of a dissolved-solids model of the Tongue River, southeastern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:30","indexId":"ofr81479","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-479","title":"Documentation of a dissolved-solids model of the Tongue River, southeastern Montana","docAbstract":"A model has been developed for assessing potential increases in dissolved solids of the Tongue River as a result of leaching of overburden materials used to backfill pits in surface coal-mining operations. The model allows spatial and temporal simulation of streamflow and dissolved-solids loads and concentrations under user-defined scenarios of surface coal mining and agricultural development. The model routes an input quantity of streamflow and dissolved solids from the upstream end to the downstream end of a stream reach while algebraically accounting for gains and losses of streamflow and dissolved solids within the stream reach. Input data needed to operate the model include the following: simulation number, designation of hydrologic conditions for each simulated month, either user-defined or regression-defined concentrations of dissolved solids input by the Tongue River Reservoir, number of irrigated acres, number of mined acres, dissolved-solids concentration of mine leachates and quantity of other water losses. A listing of the Fortran computer program, definitions of all variables in the model, and an example output permit use of the model by interested persons. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81479","usgsCitation":"Woods, P.F., 1981, Documentation of a dissolved-solids model of the Tongue River, southeastern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-479, iii, 45 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81479.","productDescription":"iii, 45 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0479/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39609,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0479/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db636bb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woods, Paul F.","contributorId":82273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":7234,"text":"ofr81137 - 1981 - Hydrology of area 14, Eastern Coal Province, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:50","indexId":"ofr81137","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-137","title":"Hydrology of area 14, Eastern Coal Province, Kentucky","docAbstract":"The general hydrology of Area 14, Eastern Coal Province, in Kentucky, is described. The area includes 4,423 square miles in the Kentucky, Licking, and Red River basins. Coal-bearing rocks of Pennsylvanian age underlie most of the area. Coal production in 1978 was about 38 million tons, 65% of which was from surface mining. The drainage from the mined areas contains large amounts of dissolved solids. Sulfate, manganese, and iron concentrations in most of the area streams exceed background levels, with the higher concentrations in streams draining the headwaters of the North and Middle Forks of the Kentucky River. The pH of most of the streams is near neutral acid-mine drainage being partially neutralized close to its source. Ground waters in the upper 300 feet of the aquifers are generally suitable for most purposes, although dissolved iron is generally high. Below 300 feet, the water is saline. Yields to wells range from 1 to 325 gallons per minute. A network of 66 surface quantity and quality of water stations was implemented in 1979 in response to the Surface Mining and Reclamation Act of 1977. An intensive study of the ground water resources of the area is also in progress. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81137","usgsCitation":"Quinones, F., 1981, Hydrology of area 14, Eastern Coal Province, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-137, v, 112 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81137.","productDescription":"v, 112 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":94752,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0137/report.pdf","size":"25342","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0137/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602439","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quinones, F.","contributorId":93037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinones","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":11620,"text":"ofr81915 - 1981 - The hydrothermal system in southern Grass Valley, Pershing County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-18T11:35:51.357371","indexId":"ofr81915","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-915","title":"The hydrothermal system in southern Grass Valley, Pershing County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Southern Grass Valley is typical extensional basin in the Basin and Range province. Leach Hot Springs, in the southern part of the valley, represents the discharge end of an active hydrothermal flow system with an estimated deep aquifer temperature of 163-173C. This report discusses results of geologic, hydrologic, geophysical and geochemical investigations used in an attempt to construct an internally consistent model of the system. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81915","usgsCitation":"Welch, A., Sorey, M., and Olmsted, F.H., 1981, The hydrothermal system in southern Grass Valley, Pershing County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-915, viii, 200 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81915.","productDescription":"viii, 200 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":39480,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0915/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39481,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0915/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0915/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63ddba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welch, Alan H.","contributorId":45286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"Alan H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olmsted, F. H.","contributorId":24765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olmsted","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":47233,"text":"ofr811117 - 1981 - Generalized altitude and configuration of the base of the High Plains regional aquifer, northwestern Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:54","indexId":"ofr811117","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1117","title":"Generalized altitude and configuration of the base of the High Plains regional aquifer, northwestern Oklahoma","docAbstract":"During 1978, the U.S. Geological Survey began a 5-year study of the High Plains regional aquifer system to provide hydrologic information for evaluation of the effects of long-term development of the aquifer and to develop computer models for prediction of aquifer response to alternative changes in ground-water management (Weeks, 1978). This report is one of a series presenting hydrologic information of the High Plains aquifer in Oklahoma.\r\nThis report consists of two maps showing the altitude and configuration of the eroded pre-Ogallala bedrock surface (sheets 1 and 2) that forms the base of the aquifer. Bedrock slopes generally from west to east and is composed of rocks of Permian, Triassic-Jurassic, and Cretaceous age. The subcrop extent of these rocks is shown by Morton (1973) for Oklahoma and by Weeks and Gutentag (1981) for the entire High Plains study area. Altitudes of the aquifer base were determined from drillers' logs provided by the Oklahoma Water Resources Board and from published and unpublished information in the files of the U.S. Geological Survey. Where data were sparse, the total well depth was used as the aquifer base under the assumption that wells generally are not drilled very deep into non-water yielding bedrock.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr811117","usgsCitation":"Havens, J., 1981, Generalized altitude and configuration of the base of the High Plains regional aquifer, northwestern Oklahoma (WRI/OFR): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1117, 2 maps ;73 x 31 cm. and 23 x 108 cm. folded in envelope 31 x 23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811117.","productDescription":"2 maps ;73 x 31 cm. and 23 x 108 cm. folded in envelope 31 x 23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":168271,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":20275,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1117/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":20276,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1117/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"WRI/OFR","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b066f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Havens, John S.","contributorId":13949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Havens","given":"John S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":47186,"text":"ofr801283 - 1981 - Floods of September 16, 1975 in the Tallaboa Valley, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T08:49:28","indexId":"ofr801283","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-1283","title":"Floods of September 16, 1975 in the Tallaboa Valley, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"This report provides a record of the flood of September 16, 1975, and associated hydrologic data. These data can be used in making rational decisions in formulating effective flood-plain regulations that would minimize flood problems in the Tallaboa Valley.
The Tallaboa Valley (fig. 1) lies on the southwestern coast of Puerto Rico about 12 km (7.5 mi) west of the city of Ponce. The climate is semiarid with a mean annual precipitation of about 1,020 mm (40 in). It is a relatively small valley which until the late fifties was dedicated mainly to the product ion of sugarcane. Since then, the economy started changing from agriculture to industry. At present the lower part of the valley is completely industrialized. The upper part of the valley is used for agriculture--mostly as pastureland. The reach from Highway 132 downstream to the new Highway 2 is mainly agricultural with a few scattered communities. The lower part of the valley that includes the area from the Highway 2 bridge to the mouth is covered with heavy industry concerned with the refinement of oil, and associated industries.
The continuous growth of industry and consequently of the urban area of Peñuelas has encouraged growth onto the
flood plain. The study area is subject to flooding by the Rio Tallaboa and the Rio Guayanes, its main tributary. The Rio Guayanes is the- cause of flooding in the urban area of Penuelas, encompassing the reach from the northern edge of town downstream to Highway 132 where it joins the Rio Tallaboa.
Data are generally referred to in SI (International System) units followed by corresponding inch-pound units in parentheses. The SI units.may be converted to inch-pound units by multiplying the units given by the factors shown.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr801283","usgsCitation":"Johnson, K.G., 1981, Floods of September 16, 1975 in the Tallaboa Valley, Puerto Rico (WRI/OFR): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-1283, 5 Plates: 17.00 x 22.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr801283.","productDescription":"5 Plates: 17.00 x 22.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":360545,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1283/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":360546,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1283/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":360547,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1283/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":135211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1283/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":360548,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1283/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":360549,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1283/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"state":"Puerto Rico","otherGeospatial":"Tallaboa Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.7690658569336,\n 17.96567026450932\n ],\n [\n -66.67808532714842,\n 17.96567026450932\n ],\n [\n -66.67808532714842,\n 18.116160664342022\n ],\n [\n -66.7690658569336,\n 18.116160664342022\n ],\n [\n -66.7690658569336,\n 17.96567026450932\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"WRI/OFR","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df88c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Karl G.","contributorId":7680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38159,"text":"ofr81423 - 1981 - Hydrology of Area 33, eastern region, Interior Coal Province, Indiana and Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-03T11:54:45.501973","indexId":"ofr81423","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-423","title":"Hydrology of Area 33, eastern region, Interior Coal Province, Indiana and Kentucky","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81423","usgsCitation":"Wangsness, D.J., 1981, Hydrology of Area 33, eastern region, Interior Coal Province, Indiana and Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-423, v, 149 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81423.","productDescription":"v, 149 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":97383,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0423/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":165692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0423/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":388818,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12032.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana, Kentucky","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.7060,\n 37.3230\n ],\n [\n -86.3230,\n 37.3230\n ],\n [\n -86.3230,\n 38.3640\n ],\n [\n -87.7060,\n 38.3640\n ],\n [\n -87.7060,\n 37.3230\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db602059","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wangsness, David J.","contributorId":81475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wangsness","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28152,"text":"wri80107 - 1981 - Hydrologic effects of proposed changes in management practices, Winnebago Pool, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-20T14:39:25","indexId":"wri80107","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-107","title":"Hydrologic effects of proposed changes in management practices, Winnebago Pool, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Various changes in the management practices for the Winnebago pool have been proposed. The objectives of the proposed changes are protecting wetlands adjacent to the lakes in the pool and assuring adequate flow in the Fox River downstream from Lake Winnebago. Three proposed operation plans for the Winnebago pool were studied to determine the effects on lake stage and discharge. A digital reservoir model simulated daily lake stage and discharge from the Winnebago pool.
\nInflow for this simulation was computed from daily discharge, recorded at Rapide Croche Dam, and daily stage, recorded at Oshkosh. This computed inflow is net inflow, combining the effects of streamflow, precipitation, evaporation, and net ground-water inflow.
\nThe model was adapted to simulate operation of the Winnebago pool according to each of the proposed plans. Because the important features of each operation plan were expressed in terms of stages to be attained at certain dates, simulated discharge was adjusted daily to keep simulated lake stage close to that specified in the plan.
\nThe simulated lake stage for each of the proposed plans exceeded the allowable maximum in some years. However, the simulated stage exceeded the allowable maximum less frequently and for shorter periods than did the observed stage.
\nFor the 61 years simulated (water years 1918-78), the simulated 7-day, 10- year low flow ((57,10) at Rapide Croche Dam was 1,000 ft^/s compared with 900 ft^/s for the observed record. The 7-day, 2-year low flow (Qy 2) was 1,500 ft^/s (simulated) versus 1,600 ft3/s (observed).
\nThe model predicted that executing the proposed operation plan would result in monthly Q7 JQ for August and September of 1,100 ft-Vs. This is no change for August and a 12-percent increase for September.
\nIn addition, the study illustrated that the discharge from the Winnebago pool could be managed to guarantee that the discharge in the Fox River downstream would not fall below a specified discharge up to 1,500 ft^/s. In most years this would have no effect on the stage of the pool. In a few years there would be a conflict between releasing water from the pool to maintain the desired discharge and maintaining water levels above the required minimum stage. The frequency of this possible conflict varies with the level of discharge desired in the Fox River from 1 year in 60 for a discharge of 1,100 ft^/s to about 1 year in 15 for a discharge of 1,500 ft^/s.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri80107","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Fox Valley Water Quality Planning Agency","usgsCitation":"Krug, W.R., 1981, Hydrologic effects of proposed changes in management practices, Winnebago Pool, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-107, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri80107.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0107/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56982,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0107/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Fox River, Lake Butte des Morts, Lake Poygan, Lake Winneconne, Lake Winnebago","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.2911376953125,\n 42.867912483915305\n ],\n [\n -90.2911376953125,\n 44.70770622183535\n ],\n [\n -87.57202148437499,\n 44.70770622183535\n ],\n [\n -87.57202148437499,\n 42.867912483915305\n ],\n [\n -90.2911376953125,\n 42.867912483915305\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db606f7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krug, William R.","contributorId":53381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krug","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":46588,"text":"ofr801288 - 1981 - Generalized thickness of the Floridan aquifer, Southwest Florida Water Management District","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-21T20:33:51.041678","indexId":"ofr801288","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-1288","title":"Generalized thickness of the Floridan aquifer, Southwest Florida Water Management District","docAbstract":"This map report presents the thickness of the Floridan aquifer in the Southwest Florida Water Management District. The Floridan aquifer ranges in thickness from 600 feet in the northern part of the District to 2,400 feet in the southern part. It is composed chiefly of limestone and dolomite beds that range in age from early Miocene to middle Eocene. For this investigation, the formations considered to be part of the Floridan aquifer are: Lake City and Avon Park Limestones of middle Eocene age; Ocala Limestone of late Eocene age; Suwannee Limestone of Oligocene age; and permeable parts of the Tampa Limestone and Hawthorn Formation of Miocene age that are in hydrologic contact with the rest of the aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr801288","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Southwest Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Wolansky, R., and Garbade, J., 1981, Generalized thickness of the Floridan aquifer, Southwest Florida Water Management District: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-1288, 1 Plate: 27.93 x 36.71 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr801288.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 27.93 x 36.71 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":399451,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1288/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":173737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1288/report.thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Southwest Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.07861328125,\n 26.931865156388916\n ],\n [\n -81.243896484375,\n 26.931865156388916\n ],\n [\n -81.243896484375,\n 29.458731185355344\n ],\n [\n -83.07861328125,\n 29.458731185355344\n ],\n [\n -83.07861328125,\n 26.931865156388916\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aec3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolansky, R. M.","contributorId":89163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolansky","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":233622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garbade, J.M.","contributorId":13683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garbade","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":233621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":42459,"text":"ofr82767 - 1981 - Preliminary map showing availability of water from glacial-drift aquifers in Towner County, north-central North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T16:05:10","indexId":"ofr82767","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-767","title":"Preliminary map showing availability of water from glacial-drift aquifers in Towner County, north-central North Dakota","docAbstract":"This preliminary map is the first product of the ground-water resources study of Towner County, which has an area of 1,049 mi2 (2,717 km2) in north-central North Dakota (see location map). The study is part of a statewide program to determine the location, extent, chemical quality, and hydrologic characteristics of the ground-water reservoirs (aquifers) in North Dakota. The study was made by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the North Dakota State Water Commission, the North Dakota Geological Survey, and the Towner County Water Management District.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survery","doi":"10.3133/ofr82767","usgsCitation":"Randich, P., and Kuzniar, R.L., 1981, Preliminary map showing availability of water from glacial-drift aquifers in Towner County, north-central North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-767, 19.40 x 26.47 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr82767.","productDescription":"19.40 x 26.47 inches","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":136635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":80222,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0767/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d6d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Randich, P.G.","contributorId":69953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randich","given":"P.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuzniar, Ronald L.","contributorId":28582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuzniar","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26510,"text":"wri818 - 1981 - Selected hydrologic relationships for Soldier Creek, northeastern Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-06T13:05:19","indexId":"wri818","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-8","title":"Selected hydrologic relationships for Soldier Creek, northeastern Kansas","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data from Soldier Creek basin were compared with relations from statewide data. The quantity and quality of streamflow were affected mostly by soils, slopes, and land use. Average annual precipitation during the study (196476) was 35.12 inches, or 2.3 percent greater than the long-term (1929-76) average. The average streamflow in Soldier Creek at Topeka, Kansas, was 23 percent greater than the long-term average.
In general, frequency curves of annual peak discharges compared poorly with curves from statewide relations due to the absence of extremely low peaks during the short period. A comparison of low-flow frequency for drainage areas of more than 100 square miles indicated that reasonable results will not be obtained for estimates of 7-day and 30-day average annual minimum discharges by linear extrapolation to basins of less than 100 square miles. Comparison of flow-duration curves confirms the extrapolation for basins of less than 100 square miles, although the percentage duration of mean flow is variable.
Water surveys showed that calcium, bicarbonate, and sulfate were the predominant ions and dissolved solids were derived mostly from limestones and shales. Suspended sediment at gaged sites ranged from 9.94 to 848 tons per day; yield per unit area increased significantly between sites due to changes in hillside slopes and land use.
The Beluga, Peters Creek, and Healy coal areas in Alaska were studied during 1975-78, with major emphasis on surface-water hydrology and water quality.
In the Beluga coal area, mean annual discharge is estimated to range from 2.2 to 3.4 cubic feet per second per square mile of drainage area. The 7-day low flow having a 10-year recurrence interval is estimated to be 0.3 to 0.6 cubic feet per second per square mile. The dilute surface waters are a calcium bicarbonate type, have low concentrations of nutrients, and at times may contain dissolved iron and manganese in concentrations in excess of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommended limits. The pooled diversity index of the benthic invertebrate community ranges from 2.93 to 4.06. No ground-water wells have been drilled in the potential mining areas.
Water quality of streams in the Peters Creek coal area is similar to that of streams in the Beluga coal area. No attempt is made to define streamflow characteristics in the Peters Creek coal area due to poor correlations with nearby gaging stations.
In the Healy coal area, streamflow characteristics of the two major basins studied are dissimilar. Lignite Creek is estimated to have less yield than Healy Creek. Studied tributaries of Healy and Lignite Creeks have a dissolved-solids range of 111 to 636 milligrams per liter and have calcium and bicarbonate or magnesium and bicarbonate as principal ions. Iron and manganese concentrations are high at some times of the year. The concentrations of sodium and chloride increase significantly in the lower reaches of Lignite Creek.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri8156","usgsCitation":"Scully, D.R., Krumhardt, A.P., and Kernodle, D.R., 1981, Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Beluga, Peters Creek, and Healy coal areas, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-56, vii, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8156.","productDescription":"vii, 71 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159470,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0056/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":358928,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0056/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":466149,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35486.htm","text":"Peters Creek coal area","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":466148,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35485.htm","text":"Healy coal area","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":466147,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35484.htm","text":"Beluga coal area","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.80508953650605,\n 60.01259346977375\n ],\n [\n -150.87706142645527,\n 61.22294263980572\n ],\n [\n -148.624,\n 63.95\n ],\n [\n -152.684840992122,\n 63.95\n ],\n [\n -154.89344891352246,\n 60.32153890224393\n ],\n [\n -152.80508953650605,\n 60.01259346977375\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db60561d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scully, David R.","contributorId":6857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scully","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krumhardt, Andrea P.","contributorId":71946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krumhardt","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kernodle, Donald R.","contributorId":63003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kernodle","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":36649,"text":"fwsobs81_26 - 1981 - Effects of habitat alterations on riparian plant and animal communities in Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-06T12:11:07","indexId":"fwsobs81_26","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"81/26","title":"Effects of habitat alterations on riparian plant and animal communities in Iowa","docAbstract":"A large proportion of the streams in the Midwest have been channelized to facilitate wetlands drainage, reduce flooding, and encourage various floodplain development activities. Changes that result from stream channelization impact hydrological and ecological processes that in turn affect fish and wildlife populations. This study was conducted to better describe the changes that occur in riparian ecosystems located adjacent to selected Iowa streams.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Best, L.B., Stauffer, D., Geier, A., Varland, K., Vogler, J., Dahlgren, R., and Landers, R., 1981, Effects of habitat alterations on riparian plant and animal communities in Iowa: FWS/OBS 81/26, 55 p.","productDescription":"55 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":164507,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db6152f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Best, Louis B.","contributorId":52525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Best","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stauffer, D.F.","contributorId":9317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geier, A.R.","contributorId":101720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geier","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Varland, K.L.","contributorId":11668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varland","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vogler, J.P.","contributorId":104118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogler","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dahlgren, R.B.","contributorId":18819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahlgren","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Landers, R.Q.","contributorId":12088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landers","given":"R.Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":26691,"text":"wri8179 - 1981 - Hydrologic characteristics and possible effects of surface mining in the northwestern part of West Branch Antelope Creek basin, Mercer County, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-16T14:02:31","indexId":"wri8179","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-79","title":"Hydrologic characteristics and possible effects of surface mining in the northwestern part of West Branch Antelope Creek basin, Mercer County, North Dakota","docAbstract":"Lignite beds and abundant discontinuous sandstone beds of the Paleocene Sentinel Butte Member of the Fort Union Formation and sand and gravel beds in the Quarternary glaciofluvial deposits (Antelope Creek aquifer) are the most important aquifers for domestic and livestock water supplies in the West Branch Antelope Creek basin. In the Beulah-Zap lignite, ground water moves from highland area in the west toward the Antelope Creek aquifer. Water levels in the basal Sentinel Butte sandstone appear to be controlled by the level of Lake Sakakawea. In the glaciofluvial deposits of the Antelope Creek aquifer water moves from a ground-water divide northwestward to Lake Sakakawea and southeastward toward the Knife River. Large water-level declines in wells completed in the lignite and shallower aquifers could be expected with mining. The effects probably would be limited to within 1 to 2 miles of an active mine. Surface-runoff duration could be altered by increased infiltration and retention in the reclaimed are and possible temporal extension of base flow could occur. Shallow ground water beneath mine sites would be expected to increase in dissolved solids and locally to contain large sodium and sulfate concentrations. In some locations movement of poor quality water toward the Antelope Creek aquifer would be expected. (USGS)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri8179","usgsCitation":"Crawley, M.E., and Emerson, D.G., 1981, Hydrologic characteristics and possible effects of surface mining in the northwestern part of West Branch Antelope Creek basin, Mercer County, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-79, viii, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8179.","productDescription":"viii, 73 p.","numberOfPages":"84","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri8179.jpg"},{"id":310508,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0079/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","county":"Mercer County","otherGeospatial":"Antelope 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Mark E.","contributorId":59841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawley","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emerson, Douglas G.","contributorId":40579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emerson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28255,"text":"wri8135 - 1981 - Ground-water resources of the White River basin, Madison County, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-04T18:03:15.372006","indexId":"wri8135","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-35","title":"Ground-water resources of the White River basin, Madison County, Indiana","docAbstract":"The ground-water resources of the White River basin in and near Madison County, Indiana, were investigated by mapping the aquifers, estimating their hydraulic properties, determining the distribution of potentiometric head in the aquifers, and estimating some of the components of the ground-water budget from data collected in the field. This information was used to construct and calibrate a five-layer, digital ground-water flow model. The model, constructed and calibrated to ground-water-level and seepage data collected during the study, simulates conditions for the autumn of 1976. The model was used to provide estimates of ground-water potential in terms of yield, drawdown, and depletion in streamflow.
Glacial drift covers nearly the entire study area and ranges in thickness from 0 to approximately 300 feet. Beneath the drift lie Ordovician to Devonian limestone, dolomite, and shale. A bedrock valley trends west-northwest through the center of the study area. Relief of the bedrock surface is approximately 325 feet.
Four confined sand and gravel aquifers interbedded in the glacial drift, a bedrock aquifer, and an unconfined outwash aquifer are the three most important aquifer systems in the study area. The nearly horizontal, areally discontinuous, confined sand and gravel aquifers have an average thickness of about 15 feet and an average hydraulic conductivity estimated to be 433 feet per day. The bedrock aquifer underlying the entire study area has a thick-ness estimated to be 150 feet and an average transmissivity estimated in previous studies in the basin to be 1,340 square feet per day. The unconfined outwash aquifer, although thin and narrow, is an important aquifer because of its proximity to sources of induced recharge.
Water-level fluctuations in observation wells in the basin indicate that the ground-water system is in dynamic equilibrium. Ground-water seepage to streams at 90-percent flow duration on October 1, 1976, was estimated to be between 15.9 and 74.4 cubic feet per second. Ground-water pumpage for 1976 was estimated to be 19.7 million gallons per day (30.5 cubic feet per second). The water budget, as simulated in the model, indicates that the rate of inflow to the ground-water system in the modeled area is 92.4 cubic feet per second. Of this, 78 percent is from effective areal recharge of precipitation, and 22 percent is from ground-water flow across the boundaries into the study area. Thirty-three percent of the ground-water outflow is pumpage, 59 percent is seepage to streams, and the remaining 8 percent is ground-water flow across the boundaries out of the study area.
Model simulations of eight pumping plans provide a general assessment of the water-yielding potential of the three major aquifer systems and indicate that as much as 2.5 million gallons per day can be obtained from well fields about half a square mile in area. Model results also indicate that, for as much as 2.5-million gallons per day pumping, flow in the large streams will not be significantly affected, whereas flow in the small streams may be significantly affected. In addition, simulations indicate that adding more wells to the well field northwest of Anderson, Ind., would probably be no more advantageous than increasing the pumpage in the existing wells. How-ever, well interference, well hydraulics, and pumping-level constraints were not considered in the investigation of alternative methods of expanding the well field. In developing the ground-water system in the area, use of many small, scattered well fields that produce less than about 3 million gallons per day may be more favorable hydrologically than a few, heavily pumped well fields.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri8135","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Lapham, W.W., 1981, Ground-water resources of the White River basin, Madison County, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-35, vii, 112 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8135.","productDescription":"vii, 112 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380151,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0035/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0035/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Madison","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.5784,40.3794],[-85.5763,40.0769],[-85.5774,39.9459],[-85.8624,39.9436],[-85.863,40.139],[-85.8617,40.2201],[-85.8621,40.3784],[-85.5784,40.3794]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Madison\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64931a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lapham, Wayne W.","contributorId":74734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lapham","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":40197,"text":"ofr8198 - 1981 - Complete Bouguer map of the Medicine Lake quadrangle, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-02T19:07:50.97202","indexId":"ofr8198","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-98","title":"Complete Bouguer map of the Medicine Lake quadrangle, California","docAbstract":"A mathematical technique, called kriging, was programmed for a computer to interpolate hydrologic data based on a network of measured values in west-central Kansas. The computer program generated estimated values at the center of each 1-mile section in the Western Kansas Groundwater Management District No. 1 and facilitated contouring of selected values that are needed in the effective management of ground water for irrigation. The kriging technique produced objective and reproducible maps that illustrated hydrologic conditions in the Ogallala aquifer, the principal source of water in west-central Kansas. Maps of the aquifer, which use a 3-year average, included the 1978-80 water-table altitudes, which ranged from about 2,580 to 3,720 feet; the 1978-80 saturated thicknesses, which ranged from about 0 to 250 feet; and the percentage changes in saturated thickness from 1950 to 1978-80, which ranged from about a 50-percent increase to a 100-percent decrease. A map showing errors of estimate also was provided as a measure of reliability for the 1978-80 water-table altitudes. Errors of estimate ranged from 2 to 24 feet. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr8198","usgsCitation":"Finn, C.A., 1981, Complete Bouguer map of the Medicine Lake quadrangle, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-98, 1 Plate: 23.19 × 28.38 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8198.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 23.19 × 28.38 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":171094,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":70456,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0098/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":390218,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12230.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Medicine Lake quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.75,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -121.5,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -121.5,\n 41.75\n ],\n [\n -121.75,\n 41.75\n ],\n [\n -121.75,\n 41.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8400","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finn, Carol A. 0000-0002-6178-0405 cfinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":1326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Carol","email":"cfinn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":223104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}