The lower Gunnison River Basin of the Colorado River Basin has elevated salinity and selenium levels. The Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act of June 24, 1974 (Public Law 93–320, amended by Public Law 98–569), authorized investigation of the Lower Gunnison Basin Unit Salinity Control Project by the U.S. Department of the Interior. The Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) and the Natural Resources Conservation Service are responsible for assessing and implementing measures to reduce salinity and selenium loading in the Colorado River Basin. Cost-sharing programs help farmers, ranchers, and canal companies improve the efficiency of water delivery systems and irrigation practices. The delivery systems (irrigation canals) have been identified as potential sources of seepage, which can contribute to salinity loading. Reclamation wants to identify seepage from irrigation systems in order to maximize the effectiveness of the various salinity-control methods, such as polyacrylamide lining and piping of irrigation canals programs. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Reclamation, developed a study to characterize the salinity and selenium loading of seven subbasins in the Smith Fork Creek region and identify where control efforts can be maximized to reduce salinity and selenium loading.
\nTotal salinity loads ranged from 27.9±19.1 tons per year (t/yr) to 87,500±80,500 t/yr. The four natural subbasins—BkKm, RCG1, RCG2, and SF1—had total salinity loads of 27.9±19.1 t/yr, 371±248 t/yr, 2,180±1,590 t/yr, and 4,200±2,720 t/yr, respectively. The agriculturally influenced sites had salinity loads that ranged from 7,580±6,900 t/yr to 87,500±80,500 t/yr. Salinity loads for the subbasins AL1, B1, CK1, SF2, and SF3 were 7,580±6,900 t/yr; 28,300±26,700 t/yr; 48,700±36,100 t/yr; 87,500±80,900 t/yr; and 52,200±31,800 t/yr, respectively.
\nThe agricultural salinity load was separated into three components: tail water, deep percolation, and canal seepage. Annual tail-water salinity loads ranged from 48.0 to 2,750 tons in the Smith Fork Creek region. The largest tail-water salinity load was in subbasin SF3, and the lowest salinity load from tail water was in subbasin R1. The remaining four agricultural subbasins—AL1, B1, CK1, and SF2—had tail-water loads of 285 t/yr, 180 t/yr, 333 t/yr, and 1,700 t/yr, respectively. The deep percolation component of the agricultural salinity load ranged from 3,300 t/yr in subbasin AL1 to 51,800 t/yr in subbasin SF2. Subbasins R1, B1, CK1, and SF3 had deep percolation salinity loads of 4,940 t/yr, 15,200 t/yr, 21,200 t/yr, and 23,600 t/yr, respectively. The canal seepage component of the agricultural salinity load ranged from 1,100 t/yr in subbasin AL1 to 15,300 t/yr in subbasin CK1. Subbasins B1, R1, SF2, and SF3 had canal seepage salinity loads of 6,610 t/yr, 3,890 t/yr, 9,430 t/yr, and 12,100 t/yr, respectively.
\nFour natural subbasins—RCG1, RCG2, SF1, and BkKm—were used to calculate natural salinity yields for the remaining subbasins. The appropriate salinity yield was applied to the corresponding number of acres and resulted in a natural salinity load for each subbasin. The annual salinity yields for the Dakota Sandstone and Burro Canyon Formation, Mancos Shale, and crystalline geologies are 0.217 tons per acre (t/acre), 0.113 t/acre, and 0.151 t/acre, respectively.
\nThree of the four natural subbasins had little to no selenium load based on the measured data and calculated selenium loads. Subbasins RCG1 and RCG2 had surface-water selenium loads of 0.106±0.024 pounds (lb) and 0.00 lb, respectively. Subbasin BkKm did not have an estimated surface-water selenium load because of the lack of any water-quality samples during the study period. The subbasin designated by site CK1 had the highest selenium load with 135±38.7 lb, and the next highest subbasins in decreasing order are B1, SF3, AL1, SF1, and R1 with selenium loads of 69.6±28.4 lb, 56.5±23.8 lb, 30.5±16.6 lb, 26.8±6.95 lb, and 15.6±27.7 lb, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145101","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation and the Colorado River Salinity Control Forum","usgsCitation":"Richards, R.J., Linard, J.I., and Hobza, C.M., 2014, Characterization of salinity loads and selenium loads in the Smith Fork Creek region of the Lower Gunnison River Basin, western Colorado, 2008-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5101, v, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145101.","productDescription":"v, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"43","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045746","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290955,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145101.jpg"},{"id":290954,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5101/pdf/sir2014-5101.pdf"},{"id":290953,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5101/"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection Zone 13","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Gunnison River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.874069,38.49928 ], [ -107.874069,38.899583 ], [ -107.357025,38.899583 ], [ -107.357025,38.49928 ], [ -107.874069,38.49928 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richards, Rodney J. 0000-0003-3953-984X rjrichar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3953-984X","contributorId":2204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Rodney","email":"rjrichar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linard, Joshua I. jilinard@usgs.gov","contributorId":1465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linard","given":"Joshua","email":"jilinard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hobza, Christopher M. 0000-0002-6239-934X cmhobza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-934X","contributorId":2393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobza","given":"Christopher","email":"cmhobza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70117836,"text":"ofr20141155 - 2014 - Urban ecosystem services and decision making for a green Philadelphia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-24T14:16:42","indexId":"ofr20141155","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T14:06:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1155","title":"Urban ecosystem services and decision making for a green Philadelphia","docAbstract":"Traditional approaches to urban development often do not account for, or recognize, the role of ecosystem services and the benefits these services provide to the health and well-being of city residents. Without such accounting, urban ecosystem services are likely to be degraded over time, with negative consequences for the sustainability of cities and the well-being of their residents (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005; Hirsch, 2008). On May 23, 2013, the Spatial Integration Laboratory for Urban Systems (SILUS), a collaboration between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Science and Decisions Center and the Wharton GIS Lab, convened a one-day symposium—Urban Ecosystem Services and Decision Making: A Green Philadelphia—at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to examine the role of green infrastructure in the environmental, economic, and social well-being of cities. Cosponsored by the USGS and the Penn Institute for Urban Research (Penn IUR), the symposium brought together policymakers, practitioners, and researchers from a range of disciplines to advance a research agenda on the use of science in public decision making to inform investment in green infrastructure and ecosystem services in urban areas.
\nThe city of Philadelphia has recently implemented a program designed to sustain urban ecosystem services and advance the use of green infrastructure. In 2009, the Philadelphia Mayor’s Office of Sustainability launched its Greenworks plan, establishing a citywide sustainability strategy. Major contributions towards its goals are being implemented in coordination with the Philadelphia Water Department (PWD). The Green City, Clean Waters initiative, the city’s nationally recognized stormwater management plan, was signed into action with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in April 2012. The plan outlines a 25-year strategy to use green infrastructure to protect and improve the city’s watershed. Widespread support for the plan marks a citywide effort to factor environmental quality concerns into the city’s strategic planning, choosing to replace expensive and aging grey infrastructure, with innovative and resilient green infrastructure.
\nThe symposium focused on these city of Philadelphia initiatives and also on two new Federal- local partnership programs: America’s Great Outdoors, initiated to promote conservation and recreation, and the Urban Waters Federal Partnership, a multiagency effort to reconnect urban communities to their waterways.
\nA second goal of the symposium was to advance a research agenda on urban ecosystem services. While there has been considerable work on ecosystem services, the discussion of the benefits provided by urban ecosystems is not as developed. Benefits range from improved water and air quality to quality of life gains, including aesthetic and recreational considerations. There is also need for additional focused research toward furthering the understanding of the multiple indirect benefits provided by urban ecosystem services (Bolund and Hunhammar, 1999). Moreover, there is a need for a greater understanding of how best to inform local decision making in this area, as local decision makers in cities across the country are increasingly recognizing the importance of developing sustainability measures for their immediate and long-term planning (United States Conference of Mayors, 2005).
\nApproaching these local and regional plans from a holistic perspective has become a guiding principle of sustainability and resiliency. Therefore, there is a need to better understand the gains that have been achieved and to advance a research agenda on ecosystem services going forward. The day’s program included presentations on greening initiatives from the Philadelphia’s Mayor’s Office of Sustainability, as well as discussion about using an urban ecosystem services framework to evaluate these initiatives. Panel sessions included discussion of the Green City, Clean Waters initiative; a dialogue about the management of urban trees and green space; and a conversation addressing the needs for future research.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141155","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania and the Penn Institute for Urban Research","usgsCitation":"Hogan, D.M., Shapiro, C.D., Karp, D.N., and Wachter, S.M., 2014, Urban ecosystem services and decision making for a green Philadelphia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1155, iii, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141155.","productDescription":"iii, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052750","costCenters":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290951,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141155.jpg"},{"id":290950,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1155/pdf/ofr2014-1155.pdf"},{"id":290938,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1155/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","city":"Philadelphia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.280303,39.867004 ], [ -75.280303,40.137992 ], [ -74.955763,40.137992 ], [ -74.955763,39.867004 ], [ -75.280303,39.867004 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hogan, Dianna M. 0000-0003-1492-4514 dhogan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1492-4514","contributorId":2299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"Dianna","email":"dhogan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shapiro, Carl D. 0000-0002-1598-6808 cshapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1598-6808","contributorId":3048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Carl","email":"cshapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karp, David N.","contributorId":77854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karp","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wachter, Susan M.","contributorId":48657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wachter","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70116319,"text":"sir20145128 - 2014 - Flood-inundation maps for the North Branch Elkhart River at Cosperville, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-24T14:02:59","indexId":"sir20145128","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5128","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the North Branch Elkhart River at Cosperville, Indiana","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for a reach of the North Branch Elkhart River at Cosperville, Indiana (Ind.), were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Detroit District. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/ depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at USGS streamgage 04100222, North Branch Elkhart River at Cosperville, Ind. Current conditions for estimating near-real-time areas of inundation using USGS streamgage information may be obtained on the Internet at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/in/nwis/uv?site_no=04100222. In addition, information has been provided to the National Weather Service (NWS) for incorporation into their Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) flood warning system (http:/water.weather.gov/ahps/). The NWS AHPS forecasts flood hydrographs at many places that are often colocated with USGS streamgages, including the North Branch Elkhart River at Cosperville, Ind. NWS AHPS-forecast peak-stage information may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation.
\nFor this study, flood profiles were computed for the North Branch Elkhart River reach by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model. The hydraulic model was calibrated by using the most current stage-discharge relations at USGS streamgage 04100222, North Branch Elkhart River at Cosperville, Ind., and preliminary high-water marks from the flood of March 1982. The calibrated hydraulic model was then used to determine four water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1-foot intervals referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from bankfull to the highest stage of the current stage-discharge rating curve. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system (GIS) digital elevation model (DEM, derived from Light Detection and Ranging [LiDAR]) in order to delineate the area flooded at each water level.
\nThe availability of these maps, along with Internet information regarding current stage from the USGS streamgage 04100222, North Branch Elkhart River at Cosperville, Ind., and forecast stream stages from the NWS AHPS, provides emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for post-flood recovery efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145128","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Detroit District","usgsCitation":"Kim, M.H., and Johnson, E.M., 2014, Flood-inundation maps for the North Branch Elkhart River at Cosperville, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5128, Report: iv, 9 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145128.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 9 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054937","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290943,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145128.jpg"},{"id":290941,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5128/pdf/sir2014-5128.pdf"},{"id":290942,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5128/downloads"},{"id":290932,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5128/"}],"projection":"Indiana State Plane Eastern Zone","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Cosperville","otherGeospatial":"North Branch Elkhart River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.504146,41.464805 ], [ -85.504146,41.525172 ], [ -85.379777,41.525172 ], [ -85.379777,41.464805 ], [ -85.504146,41.464805 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kim, Moon H. 0000-0002-4328-8409 mkim@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4328-8409","contributorId":3211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Moon","email":"mkim@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Esther M.","contributorId":80199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Esther","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70117800,"text":"70117800 - 2014 - Detecting well casing leaks in Bangladesh using a salt spiking method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:30:47","indexId":"70117800","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T11:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detecting well casing leaks in Bangladesh using a salt spiking method","docAbstract":"We apply fluid-replacement logging in arsenic-contaminated regions of Bangladesh using a low-cost, down-well fluid conductivity logging tool to detect leaks in the cased section of wells. The fluid-conductivity tool is designed for the developing world: it is lightweight and easily transportable, operable by one person, and can be built for minimal cost. The fluid-replacement test identifies leaking casing by comparison of fluid conductivity logs collected before and after spiking the wellbore with a sodium chloride tracer. Here, we present results of fluid-replacement logging tests from both leaking and non-leaking casing from wells in Araihazar and Munshiganj, Bangladesh, and demonstrate that the low-cost tool produces measurements comparable to those obtained with a standard geophysical logging tool. Finally, we suggest well testing procedures and approaches for preventing casing leaks in Bangladesh and other developing countries.","language":"English","publisher":"State Water Control Board","publisherLocation":"Richmond, VA","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12200","usgsCitation":"Stahl, M., Ong, J., Harvey, C., Johnson, C., Badruzzaman, A., Tarek, M., VanGeen, A., Anderson, J., and Lane, J.W., 2014, Detecting well casing leaks in Bangladesh using a salt spiking method: Ground Water, v. 52, no. S1, p. 195-200, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12200.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"200","numberOfPages":"6","ipdsId":"IP-052307","costCenters":[{"id":496,"text":"Office of Groundwater-Branch of Geophysics","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4393651","text":"External Repository"},{"id":290910,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290888,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12200"}],"country":"Bangladesh","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 88.01,20.75 ], [ 88.01,26.63 ], [ 92.68,26.63 ], [ 92.68,20.75 ], [ 88.01,20.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"52","issue":"S1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb20e4b08312ac7cefd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stahl, M.O.","contributorId":10339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stahl","given":"M.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ong, J.B.","contributorId":18278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ong","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harvey, C.F.","contributorId":62477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, C. D.","contributorId":8120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Badruzzaman, A.B.M.","contributorId":35653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Badruzzaman","given":"A.B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tarek, M.H.","contributorId":11127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarek","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"VanGeen, A.","contributorId":84086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanGeen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Anderson, J.A.","contributorId":60387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lane, J. W.","contributorId":31431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70117793,"text":"70117793 - 2014 - Below the disappearing marshes of an urban estuary: historic nitrogen trends and soil structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-24T11:41:34","indexId":"70117793","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T11:33:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Below the disappearing marshes of an urban estuary: historic nitrogen trends and soil structure","docAbstract":"Marshes in the urban Jamaica Bay Estuary, New York, USA are disappearing at an average rate of 13 ha/yr, and multiple stressors (e.g., wastewater inputs, dredging activities, groundwater removal, and global warming) may be contributing to marsh losses. Among these stressors, wastewater nutrients are suspected to be an important contributing cause of marsh deterioration. We used census data, radiometric dating, stable nitrogen isotopes, and soil surveys to examine the temporal relationships between human population growth and soil nitrogen; and we evaluated soil structure with computer-aided tomography, surface elevation and sediment accretion trends, carbon dioxide emissions, and soil shear strength to examine differences among disappearing (Black Bank and Big Egg) and stable marshes (JoCo). Radiometric dating and nitrogen isotope analyses suggested a rapid increase in human wastewater nutrients beginning in the late 1840s, and a tapering off beginning in the 1930s when wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were first installed. Current WWTPs nutrient loads to Jamaica Bay are approximately 13 995 kg N/d and 2767 kg P/d. At Black Bank, the biomass and abundance of roots and rhizomes and percentage of organic matter on soil were significantly lower, rhizomes larger in diameter, carbon dioxide emission rates and peat particle density significantly greater, and soil strength significantly lower compared to the stable JoCo Marsh, suggesting Black Bank has elevated decomposition rates, more decomposed peat, and highly waterlogged peat. Despite these differences, the rates of accretion and surface elevation change were similar for both marshes, and the rates of elevation change approximated the long term relative rate of sea level rise estimated from tide gauge data at nearby Sandy Hook, New Jersey. We hypothesize that Black Bank marsh kept pace with sea level rise by the accretion of material on the marsh surface, and the maintenance of soil volume through production of larger diameter rhizomes and swelling (dilation) of waterlogged peat. JoCo Marsh kept pace with sea-level rise through surface accretion and soil organic matter accumulation. Understanding the effects of multiple stressors, including nutrient enrichment, on soil structure, organic matter accumulation, and elevation change will better inform management decisions aimed at maintaining and restoring coastal marshes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/13-0594.1","usgsCitation":"Wigand, C., Roman, C., Davey, E., Stolt, M., Johnson, R., Hanson, A., Watson, E.B., Moran, S.B., Cahoon, D.R., Lynch, J., and Rafferty, P., 2014, Below the disappearing marshes of an urban estuary: historic nitrogen trends and soil structure: Ecological Applications, v. 24, no. 4, p. 633-649, https://doi.org/10.1890/13-0594.1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"633","endPage":"649","numberOfPages":"17","ipdsId":"IP-046181","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472861,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/13-0594.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":290900,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290897,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/13-0594.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Jamaica Bay Estuary","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.049671,40.539818 ], [ -74.049671,40.780 ], [ -73.598545,40.780 ], [ -73.598545,40.539818 ], [ -74.049671,40.539818 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wigand, Cathleen","contributorId":70700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wigand","given":"Cathleen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roman, Charles T.","contributorId":28171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roman","given":"Charles T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davey, Earl","contributorId":65770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davey","given":"Earl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stolt, Mark","contributorId":73506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolt","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Roxanne","contributorId":38066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Roxanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hanson, Alana","contributorId":106022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Alana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Watson, Elizabeth B.","contributorId":56562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Moran, S. Bradley","contributorId":101339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bradley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cahoon, Donald R. 0000-0002-2591-5667 dcahoon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-5667","contributorId":3791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"Donald","email":"dcahoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lynch, James C.","contributorId":54717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"James C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rafferty, Patricia","contributorId":70296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rafferty","given":"Patricia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70117795,"text":"70117795 - 2014 - Mobilization of selenium from the Mancos Shale and associated soils in the lower Uncompahgre River Basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-24T10:50:58","indexId":"70117795","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T10:40:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mobilization of selenium from the Mancos Shale and associated soils in the lower Uncompahgre River Basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"This study investigates processes controlling mobilization of selenium in the lower part of the Uncompahgre River Basin in western Colorado. Selenium occurs naturally in the underlying Mancos Shale and is leached to groundwater and surface water by limited natural runoff, agricultural and domestic irrigation, and leakage from irrigation canals. Soil and sediment samples from the study area were tested using sequential extractions to identify the forms of selenium present in solid phases. Selenium speciation was characterized for nonirrigated and irrigated soils from an agricultural site and sediments from a wetland formed by a leaking canal. In nonirrigated areas, selenium was present in highly soluble sodium salts and gypsum. In irrigated soils, soluble forms of selenium were depleted and most selenium was associated with organic matter that was stable under near-surface weathering conditions. Laboratory leaching experiments and geochemical modeling confirm that selenium primarily is released to groundwater and surface water by dissolution of highly soluble selenium-bearing salts and gypsum present in soils and bedrock. Rates of selenium dissolution determined from column leachate experiments indicate that selenium is released most rapidly when water is applied to previously nonirrigated soils and sediment. High concentrations of extractable nitrate also were found in nonirrigated soils and bedrock that appear to be partially derived from weathered organic matter from the shale rather than from agricultural sources. Once selenium is mobilized, dissolved nitrate derived from natural sources appears to inhibit the reduction of dissolved selenium leading to elevated concentrations of selenium in groundwater. A conceptual model of selenium weathering is presented and used to explain seasonal variations in the surface-water chemistry of Loutzenhizer Arroyo, a major tributary contributor of selenium to the lower Uncompahgre River.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.06.024","usgsCitation":"Mast, M.A., Mills, T.J., Paschke, S.S., Keith, G., and Linard, J.I., 2014, Mobilization of selenium from the Mancos Shale and associated soils in the lower Uncompahgre River Basin, Colorado: Applied Geochemistry, v. 48, p. 16-27, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.06.024.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-053874","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290880,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290879,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.06.024"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Uncompahgre River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.04985,38.469719 ], [ -108.04985,38.694353 ], [ -107.801285,38.694353 ], [ -107.801285,38.469719 ], [ -108.04985,38.469719 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mills, Taylor J. 0000-0001-7252-0521 tmills@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7252-0521","contributorId":4658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"Taylor","email":"tmills@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paschke, Suzanne S.","contributorId":14072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paschke","given":"Suzanne","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keith, Gabrielle","contributorId":21469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"Gabrielle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Linard, Joshua I. jilinard@usgs.gov","contributorId":1465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linard","given":"Joshua","email":"jilinard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70116466,"text":"ofr20141146 - 2014 - Field methods and quality-assurance plan for water-quality activities and water-level measurements, U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-24T10:29:51","indexId":"ofr20141146","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T10:25:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1146","title":"Field methods and quality-assurance plan for water-quality activities and water-level measurements, U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho","docAbstract":"Water-quality activities and water-level measurements by the personnel of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Project Office coincide with the USGS mission of appraising the quantity and quality of the Nation’s water resources. The activities are carried out in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Idaho Operations Office. Results of the water-quality and hydraulic head investigations are presented in various USGS publications or in refereed scientific journals and the data are stored in the National Water Information System (NWIS) database. The results of the studies are used by researchers, regulatory and managerial agencies, and interested civic groups.
\nIn the broadest sense, quality assurance refers to doing the job right the first time. It includes the functions of planning for products, review and acceptance of the products, and an audit designed to evaluate the system that produces the products. Quality control and quality assurance differ in that quality control ensures that things are done correctly given the “state-of-the-art” technology, and quality assurance ensures that quality control is maintained within specified limits.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141146","collaboration":"DOE/ID-22230. Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Bartholomay, R.C., Maimer, N.V., and Wehnke, A.J., 2014, Field methods and quality-assurance plan for water-quality activities and water-level measurements, U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1146, Report: iv, 66 p.; Appendix B, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141146.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 66 p.; Appendix B","numberOfPages":"74","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052534","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290874,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141146.PNG"},{"id":290872,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1146/pdf/ofr2014-1146.pdf"},{"id":290873,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1146/downloads/ofr2014-1146_appendixB.xls"},{"id":290871,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1146/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholomay, Roy C. 0000-0002-4809-9287 rcbarth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-9287","contributorId":1131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomay","given":"Roy","email":"rcbarth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maimer, Neil V. 0000-0003-3047-3282 nmaimer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3047-3282","contributorId":5659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maimer","given":"Neil","email":"nmaimer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wehnke, Amy J. 0000-0003-1237-052X ajwehnke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1237-052X","contributorId":5660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wehnke","given":"Amy","email":"ajwehnke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70117677,"text":"70117677 - 2014 - Radar analysis of fall bird migration stopover sites in the northeastern U.S.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-25T12:29:25","indexId":"70117677","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T10:10:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radar analysis of fall bird migration stopover sites in the northeastern U.S.","docAbstract":"The national network of weather surveillance radars (WSR-88D) detects flying birds and is a useful remote-sensing tool for ornithological study. We used data collected during fall 2008 and 2009 by 16 WSR-88D radars in the northeastern U.S. to quantify the spatial distribution of landbirds during migratory stopover. We geo-referenced estimates based on radar reflectivity, of the density of migrants aloft at their abrupt evening exodus from daytime stopover sites, to the approximate locations from which they emerged. We classified bird stopover use by the magnitude and variation of radar reflectivity across nights; areas were considered “important” stopover sites for conservation if bird density was consistently high. We developed statistical models that predict potentially important stopover sites across the region, based on land cover, ground elevation, and geographic location. Large areas of regionally important stopover sites were located along the coastlines of Long Island Sound, throughout the Delmarva Peninsula, in areas surrounding Baltimore and Washington, along the western edge of the Adirondack Mountains, and within the Appalachian Mountains of southwestern Virginia and West Virginia. Locally important stopover sites generally were associated with deciduous forests embedded within landscapes dominated by developed or agricultural lands, or near the shores of major water bodies. Preserving or enhancing patches of natural habitat, particularly deciduous forests, in developed or agricultural landscapes and along major coastlines could be a priority for conservation plans addressing the stopover requirements of migratory landbirds in the northeastern U.S. Our maps of important stopover sites can be used to focus conservation efforts and can serve as a sampling frame for fieldwork to validate radar observations or for ecological studies of landbirds on migratory stopover.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/CONDOR-13-162.1","usgsCitation":"Buler, J., and Dawson, D.K., 2014, Radar analysis of fall bird migration stopover sites in the northeastern U.S.: The Condor, v. 116, no. 3, p. 357-370, https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-13-162.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"370","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-053278","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1650/CONDOR-13-162.1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":290869,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290829,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-13-162.1"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.08,35.21 ], [ -83.08,47.19 ], [ -64.93,47.19 ], [ -64.93,35.21 ], [ -83.08,35.21 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"116","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buler, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":78431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buler","given":"Jeffrey J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, Deanna K. ddawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Deanna","email":"ddawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70117614,"text":"70117614 - 2014 - Widespread occurrence of neonicotinoid insecticides in streams in a high corn and soybean producing region, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:28:07","indexId":"70117614","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T09:51:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Widespread occurrence of neonicotinoid insecticides in streams in a high corn and soybean producing region, USA","docAbstract":"Neonicotinoid insecticides are of environmental concern, but little is known about their occurrence in surface water. An area of intense corn and soybean production in the Midwestern United States was chosen to study this issue because of the high agricultural use of neonicotinoids via both seed treatments and other forms of application. Water samples were collected from nine stream sites during the 2013 growing season. The results for the 79 water samples documented similar patterns among sites for both frequency of detection and concentration (maximum:median) with clothianidin (75%, 257 ng/L:8.2 ng/L) > thiamethoxam (47%, 185 ng/L:<2 ng/L) > imidacloprid (23%, 42.7 ng/L: <2 ng/L). Neonicotinoids were detected at all nine sites sampled even though the basin areas spanned four orders of magnitude. Temporal patterns in concentrations reveal pulses of neonicotinoids associated with rainfall events during crop planting, suggesting seed treatments as their likely source.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.033","usgsCitation":"Hladik, M., Kolpin, D.W., and Kuivila, K., 2014, Widespread occurrence of neonicotinoid insecticides in streams in a high corn and soybean producing region, USA: Environmental Pollution, v. 193, p. 189-196, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.033.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"189","endPage":"196","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-055109","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290863,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290738,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.033"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.52,40.01 ], [ -97.52,44.43 ], [ -89.6,44.43 ], [ -89.6,40.01 ], [ -97.52,40.01 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"193","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hladik, Michelle 0000-0002-0891-2712 mhladik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-2712","contributorId":784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hladik","given":"Michelle","email":"mhladik@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn 0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":1367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn ","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70117644,"text":"sir20145118 - 2014 - Flood inundation maps and water-surface profiles for tropical storm Irene and selected annual exceedance probability floods for Flint Brook and the Third Branch White River in Roxbury, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T18:52:04","indexId":"sir20145118","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T09:31:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5118","title":"Flood inundation maps and water-surface profiles for tropical storm Irene and selected annual exceedance probability floods for Flint Brook and the Third Branch White River in Roxbury, Vermont","docAbstract":"Flint Brook, a tributary to the Third Branch White River in Roxbury, Vermont, has a history of flooding the Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department’s Roxbury Fish Culture Station (the hatchery) and surrounding infrastructure. Flooding resulting from tropical storm Irene on August 28–29, 2011, caused widespread destruction in the region, including extensive and costly damages to the State-owned hatchery and the transportation infrastructure in the Town of Roxbury, Vermont. Sections of State Route 12A were washed out, and several bridges and culverts on Oxbow Road, Thurston Hill Road, and the New England Central Railroad in Roxbury were heavily damaged. Record high peak-discharge estimates of 2,140 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) and 4,320 ft3/s were calculated for Flint Brook at its confluence with the Third Branch White River and for the Third Branch White River at about 350 feet (ft) downstream from the hatchery, respectively. The annual exceedance probabilities (AEPs) of the peak discharges for Flint Brook and the Third Branch White River were less than 0.2 percent (less than a one in 500 chance of occurring in a given year). Hydrologic and hydraulic analyses of Flint Brook and the Third Branch White River were done to investigate flooding at the hatchery in Roxbury and support efforts by the Federal Emergency Management Agency to assist State and local mitigation and reconstruction efforts.
\nDuring the August 2011 flood, the majority of flow from Flint Brook (97 percent or 2,070 ft3/s) diverged from its primary watercourse due to a retaining wall failure immediately upstream of Oxbow Road and inundated the hatchery. Although a minor amount of flow from the Third Branch White River could have overtopped State Route 12A and spilled into the hatchery, the Third Branch White River did not cause flood damages or exacerbate flooding at the hatchery during the August 2011 flood. The Third Branch White River which flows adjacent to the hatchery does not flood the hatchery for the 10-, 2-, 1, or 0.2-percent annual exceedance probabilities. The simulated water-surface elevations for August 2011 flood equal the elevations of State Route 12A about 500 ft downstream of Thurston Hill Road adjacent to the troughs between the rearing ponds.
\nFour flood mitigation alternatives being considered by the Vermont Agency of Transportation to improve the hydraulic performance of Flint Brook and reduce the risk of flooding at the hatchery include: (A) no changes to the infrastructure or existing alignment of Flint Brook (existing conditions [2014]), (B) structural changes to the bridges and the existing retaining wall along Flint Brook, (C) realignment of Flint Brook to flow along the south side of Oxbow Road to accommodate larger stream discharges, and (D) a diversion channel for flows greater than 1-percent annual exceedance probability. Although the 10-, 2-, and 1-percent AEP floods do not flood the hatchery under alternative A (no changes to the infrastructure), the 0.2-percent AEP flow still poses a flooding threat to the hatchery because flow will continue to overtop the existing retaining wall and flood the hatchery. Under the other mitigation alternatives (B, C, and D) that include some variation of structural changes to bridges, a retaining wall, and (or) channel, the peak discharges for the 10-, 2-, 1-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probabilities do not flood the hatchery.
\nWater-surface profiles and flood inundation maps of the August 2011 flood and the 10-, 2-, 1-, and 0.2-percent AEPs for four mitigation alternatives were developed for Flint Brook and the Third Branch White River in the vicinity of the hatchery and can be used by the Federal, State, and local agencies to better understand the potential for future flooding at the hatchery.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145118","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Ahearn, E.A., and Lombard, P., 2014, Flood inundation maps and water-surface profiles for tropical storm Irene and selected annual exceedance probability floods for Flint Brook and the Third Branch White River in Roxbury, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5118, iv, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145118.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-057665","costCenters":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290860,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145118.jpg"},{"id":290739,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5118/"},{"id":290859,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5118/pdf/sir2014-5118.pdf"}],"projection":"Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Vermont","city":"Roxbury","otherGeospatial":"Flint Brook;Third Branch White River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.745833,44.0625 ], [ -72.745833,44.075 ], [ -72.741667,44.075 ], [ -72.741667,44.0625 ], [ -72.745833,44.0625 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a8e4b0bc0bec09f8db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ahearn, Elizabeth A. 0000-0002-5633-2640 eaahearn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5633-2640","contributorId":194658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahearn","given":"Elizabeth","email":"eaahearn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lombard, Pamela J. 0000-0002-0983-1906","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0983-1906","contributorId":23899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lombard","given":"Pamela J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70189090,"text":"70189090 - 2014 - Application of near-surface geophysics as part of a hydrologic study of a subsurface drip irrigation system along the Powder River floodplain near Arvada, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-29T14:59:50","indexId":"70189090","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of near-surface geophysics as part of a hydrologic study of a subsurface drip irrigation system along the Powder River floodplain near Arvada, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Rapid development of coalbed natural gas (CBNG) production in the Powder River Basin (PRB) of Wyoming has occurred since 1997. National attention related to CBNG development has focused on produced water management, which is the single largest cost for on-shore domestic producers. Low-cost treatment technologies allow operators to reduce their disposal costs, provide treated water for beneficial use, and stimulate oil and gas production by small operators. Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) systems are one potential treatment option that allows for increased CBNG production by providing a beneficial use for the produced water in farmland irrigation.
Water management practices in the development of CBNG in Wyoming have been aided by integrated geophysical, geochemical, and hydrologic studies of both the disposal and utilization of water. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) have utilized multi-frequency airborne, ground, and borehole electromagnetic (EM) and ground resistivity methods to characterize the near-surface hydrogeology in areas of produced water disposal. These surveys provide near-surface EM data that can be compared with results of previous surveys to monitor changes in soils and local hydrology over time as the produced water is discharged through SDI.
The focus of this investigation is the Headgate Draw SDI site, situated adjacent to the Powder River near the confluence of a major tributary, Crazy Woman Creek, in Johnson County, Wyoming. The SDI system was installed during the summer of 2008 and began operation in October of 2008. Ground, borehole, and helicopter electromagnetic (HEM) conductivity surveys were conducted at the site prior to the installation of the SDI system. After the installation of the subsurface drip irrigation system, ground EM surveys have been performed quarterly (weather permitting). The geophysical surveys map the heterogeneity of the near-surface geology and hydrology of the study area. The geophysical data are consistent between surveys using different techniques and between surveys carried out at different times from 2007 through 2011. This paper summarizes geophysical results from the 4-year monitoring study of the SDI system.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2013.10.009","usgsCitation":"Sams, J., Veloski, G., Smith, B.D., Minsley, B.J., Engle, M.A., Lipinski, B.A., Hammack, R.W., and Zupancic, J.W., 2014, Application of near-surface geophysics as part of a hydrologic study of a subsurface drip irrigation system along the Powder River floodplain near Arvada, Wyoming: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 126, p. 128-139, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2013.10.009.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"128","endPage":"139","ipdsId":"IP-045676","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343160,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Powder River floodplain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.14084720611572,\n 44.482728653624804\n ],\n [\n -106.10921859741211,\n 44.482728653624804\n ],\n [\n -106.10921859741211,\n 44.49984185895695\n ],\n [\n -106.14084720611572,\n 44.49984185895695\n ],\n [\n -106.14084720611572,\n 44.482728653624804\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"126","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595611c1e4b0d1f9f050679d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sams, James I.","contributorId":193983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sams","given":"James I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Veloski, Garret","contributorId":193984,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Veloski","given":"Garret","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Bruce D. 0000-0002-1643-2997 bsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-2997","contributorId":845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Bruce","email":"bsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Minsley, Burke J. 0000-0003-1689-1306 bminsley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1689-1306","contributorId":697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minsley","given":"Burke","email":"bminsley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Engle, Mark A. 0000-0001-5258-7374 engle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"Mark","email":"engle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lipinski, Brian A.","contributorId":193985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lipinski","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hammack, Richard W.","contributorId":150019,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hammack","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17887,"text":"National Energy Technology Laboratory, Department of Energy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":702822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zupancic, John W.","contributorId":193986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zupancic","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70112606,"text":"70112606 - 2014 - Biomass modeling of four water intensiveleading world crops using hyperspectral narrowbands in support of HyspIRI Mission","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-30T13:51:21","indexId":"70112606","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-23T15:34:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biomass modeling of four water intensiveleading world crops using hyperspectral narrowbands in support of HyspIRI Mission","docAbstract":"New satellite missions are expected to record high spectral resolution information globally and consistently for the first time, so it is important to identify modeling techniques that take advantage of these new data. In this paper, we estimate biomass for four major crops using ground-based hyperspectral narrowbands. The spectra and their derivatives are evaluated using three modeling techniques: two-band hyperspectral vegetation indices (HVIs), multiple band-HVIs (MB-HVIs) developed from Sequential Search Methods (SSM), and MB-HVIs developed from Principal Component Regression. Overall, the two-band HVIs and MB-HVIs developed from SSMs using first derivative transformed spectra in the visible blue and green and NIR explained more biomass variability and had lower error than the other approaches or transformations; however a better search criterion needs to be developed in order to reflect the true ability of the two-band HVI approach. Short-Wave Infrared 1 (1000 to 1700 nm) proved less effective, but still important in the final models.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","doi":"10.14358/PERS.80.8.757","usgsCitation":"Marshall, M.T., and Thenkabail, P.S., 2014, Biomass modeling of four water intensiveleading world crops using hyperspectral narrowbands in support of HyspIRI Mission: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 80, no. 8, p. 757-772, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.80.8.757.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"757","endPage":"772","ipdsId":"IP-052043","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.80.8.757","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":294385,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294384,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.14358/PERS.80.8.757"}],"volume":"80","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb19e4b08312ac7cef52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, Michael T. mmarshall@usgs.gov","contributorId":5480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Michael","email":"mmarshall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thenkabail, Prasad S. 0000-0002-2182-8822 pthenkabail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2182-8822","contributorId":570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenkabail","given":"Prasad","email":"pthenkabail@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70117138,"text":"70117138 - 2014 - Accuracy of travel time distribution (TTD) models as affected by TTD complexity, observation errors, and model and tracer selection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T10:10:50","indexId":"70117138","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-23T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accuracy of travel time distribution (TTD) models as affected by TTD complexity, observation errors, and model and tracer selection","docAbstract":"Analytical models of the travel time distribution (TTD) from a source area to a sample location are often used to estimate groundwater ages and solute concentration trends. The accuracies of these models are not well known for geologically complex aquifers. In this study, synthetic datasets were used to quantify the accuracy of four analytical TTD models as affected by TTD complexity, observation errors, model selection, and tracer selection. Synthetic TTDs and tracer data were generated from existing numerical models with complex hydrofacies distributions for one public-supply well and 14 monitoring wells in the Central Valley, California. Analytical TTD models were calibrated to synthetic tracer data, and prediction errors were determined for estimates of TTDs and conservative tracer (NO3−) concentrations. Analytical models included a new, scale-dependent dispersivity model (SDM) for two-dimensional transport from the watertable to a well, and three other established analytical models. The relative influence of the error sources (TTD complexity, observation error, model selection, and tracer selection) depended on the type of prediction. Geological complexity gave rise to complex TTDs in monitoring wells that strongly affected errors of the estimated TTDs. However, prediction errors for NO3− and median age depended more on tracer concentration errors. The SDM tended to give the most accurate estimates of the vertical velocity and other predictions, although TTD model selection had minor effects overall. Adding tracers improved predictions if the new tracers had different input histories. Studies using TTD models should focus on the factors that most strongly affect the desired predictions.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014WR015625","usgsCitation":"Green, C.T., Zhang, Y., Jurgens, B., Starn, J.J., and Landon, M.K., 2014, Accuracy of travel time distribution (TTD) models as affected by TTD complexity, observation errors, and model and tracer selection: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 7, p. 6191-6213, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015625.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"6191","endPage":"6213","ipdsId":"IP-052071","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014wr015625","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":294376,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015625"},{"id":294377,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.7757,35.0674 ], [ -122.7757,40.7363 ], [ -118.7989,40.7363 ], [ -118.7989,35.0674 ], [ -122.7757,35.0674 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"50","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb0de4b08312ac7ceedd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, Christopher T. 0000-0002-6480-8194 ctgreen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6480-8194","contributorId":1343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Christopher","email":"ctgreen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Yong","contributorId":19029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Yong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jurgens, Bryant C. 0000-0002-1572-113X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1572-113X","contributorId":22454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurgens","given":"Bryant C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Starn, J. Jeffrey","contributorId":101617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starn","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeffrey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Landon, Matthew K. 0000-0002-5766-0494 landon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"Matthew","email":"landon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70056368,"text":"sir20135210 - 2014 - Mesohabitats, fish assemblage composition, and mesohabitat use of the Rio Grande silvery minnow over a range of seasonal flow regimes in the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo del Norte, in and near Big Bend National Park, Texas, 2010-11","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T12:24:47","indexId":"sir20135210","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-23T12:38:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5210","title":"Mesohabitats, fish assemblage composition, and mesohabitat use of the Rio Grande silvery minnow over a range of seasonal flow regimes in the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo del Norte, in and near Big Bend National Park, Texas, 2010-11","docAbstract":"In 2010–11, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, evaluated the physical characteristics and fish assemblage composition of mapped river mesohabitats at four sites on the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo del Norte (hereinafter Rio Grande) in and near Big Bend National Park, Texas. The four sites used for the river habitat study were colocated with sites where the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has implemented an experimental reintroduction of the Rio Grande silvery minnow (Hybognathus amarus), a federally listed endangered species, into part of the historical range of this species. The four sites from upstream to downstream are USGS station 08374340 Rio Grande at Contrabando Canyon near Lajitas, Tex. (hereinafter the Contrabando site), USGS station 290956103363600 Rio Grande at Santa Elena Canyon, Big Bend National Park, Tex. (hereinafter the Santa Elena site), USGS station 291046102573900 Rio Grande near Ranger Station at Rio Grande Village, Tex. (hereinafter the Rio Grande Village site), and USGS station 292354102491100 Rio Grande above Stillwell Crossing near Big Bend National Park, Tex. (hereinafter the Stillwell Crossing site).
\nIn-channel river habitat was mapped at the mesohabitat scale over a range of seasonal streamflows. A late summer (August–September 2010) high-flow regime, an early spring (April–May 2010) intermediate flow regime, and a late spring (May 2011) low-flow regime were the seasonal flows used in the study. River habitat was mapped in the field by using a geographic information system and a Global Positioning System unit to characterize the sites at the mesohabitat scale. Physical characteristics of a subset of mesohabitats in a reach of the Rio Grande at each site were measured during each flow regime and included depth, velocity, type and size of the substrate, and percent embeddedness. Selected water-quality properties (dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, and temperature) of a subset of mesohabitats were also measured. The fish assemblage composition at the four sites was determined during the three flow regimes, and fish were collected by seining in each mesohabitat where physical characteristic data were measured, except during some periods of high flow when electrofishing was done to supplement seining.
\nThe total number and number of types of mesohabitats were larger during low flows compared to intermediate flows, and larger during intermediate flows compared to high flows. Decreases in streamflow typically led to increases in channel complexity in terms of the number of different types and total number of mesohabitats present. The total wetted area increased and the number of mesohabitat types generally decreased as streamflow increased. At all four sites, the smallest depths and velocities were generally measured during low flow and the largest depths and velocities at high flow. Specific conductance was relatively consistent between the Contrabando and Santa Elena sites, the two most upstream sites. Specific conductance decreased appreciably between the Santa Elena site and the Rio Grande Village, and decreased slightly between the Rio Grande Village site and the Stillwell Crossing site. Specific-conductance values within and among mesohabitat types at a given site were relatively consistent. The pH values measured within and among mesohabitat types also were relatively consistent at all four sites. Median dissolved oxygen concentrations were relatively consistent between the Contrabando and Santa Elena sites (8.34 and 8.54 milligrams per liter [mg/L], respectively) but decreased along the stretch of river between the Santa Elena and Rio Grande Village sites to 7.31 mg/L, possibly because of small dissolved oxygen concentrations associated with contributions from springs between the Santa Elena and Rio Grande Village sites. Dissolved oxygen concentrations increased substantially between the Rio Grande Village and Stillwell Crossing sites to 10.06 mg/L. Mesohabitat water temperatures were generally highest in mesohabitats commonly associated with shallow water depths and low velocities (forewaters, backwaters, and embayments).
\nOf the 21 species of fish collected during the three flow regimes, red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis) was the most abundant species overall, accounting for about 35 percent of all fish collected. Another minnow, the endemic Tamaulipas shiner (Notropis braytoni), was second in overall abundance. A nonnative species, the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), was the third most abundant species overall. No statistically significant differences in fish-species richness were found among the different mesohabitat types. Median fish-species richness and maximum fish-species richness values were larger, and fish-species richness was more variable in runs, pools, forewaters, and backwaters during low flow compared to the fish-species richness values calculated for intermediate and high flows. Fish density in backwater mesohabitats was significantly different from fish densities in run mesohabitats, but fish densities were not significantly different among the other mesohabitat types.
\nOf the 39 Rio Grande silvery minnow individuals collected at the four study sites, 21 (more than half) were collected at the Santa Elena site, 12 at the Contrabando site, and 3 each at the Rio Grande Village and Stillwell Crossing sites. Rio Grande silvery minnow fish-species densities followed the same order as abundance of this species at the sites; fish-species densities ranged from 0.95 fish per 100 square meters (m2) at the Santa Elena site to 0.11–0.47 fish per 100 m2 at the other three sites. The Rio Grande silvery minnow was most common in pools and runs during low- and intermediate-flow regimes. This species was less commonly collected in backwaters, embayments, and rapids, and none were collected in forewaters or submerged channel bars. The Tamaulipas shiner has similar life-history characteristics compared to the Rio Grande silvery minnow, including similar feeding habits and habitat use. Tamaulipas shiner was most common in backwater, run, and riffle mesohabitats (in decreasing order) during low and intermediate flow and was less common in submerged channel bar, pool, forewater, rapid, and embayment mesohabitats (in decreasing order) during the same flows. The overall relative percent density (composite of all three flow regimes) of Rio Grande silvery minnow was largest in rapid and pool mesohabitats and for Tamaulipas shiner was largest in backwater mesohabitats.
\nThere were no statistically significant differences between the stream velocities associated with seine hauls of the Rio Grande silvery minnow and Tamaulipas shiner. Stream velocities associated with the seine hauls that included Rio Grande silvery minnow indicate that this species is predominantly found in low-velocity mesohabitats. Velocities associated with seine hauls that included the Tamaulipas shiner represented a much broader overall range of velocities than those associated with Rio Grande silvery minnow collections. No statistically significant differences were found between the depths for seine hauls that included Rio Grande silvery minnow or Tamaulipas shiner. The Rio Grande silvery minnow was more commonly collected in seine hauls from mesohabitats dominated by cobble substrates and less frequently collected in mesohabitats with substrates dominated by fine-sized silt and clay particles, gravels, and sands, in that order. In contrast, the Tamaulipas shiner was broadly distributed among mesohabitats characterized as having gravel, cobble, and silt and clay.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135210","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Moring, J., Braun, C.L., and Pearson, D., 2014, Mesohabitats, fish assemblage composition, and mesohabitat use of the Rio Grande silvery minnow over a range of seasonal flow regimes in the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo del Norte, in and near Big Bend National Park, Texas, 2010-11: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5210, Report: x, 89 p.; Spatial Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135210.","productDescription":"Report: x, 89 p.; Spatial Data","numberOfPages":"103","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-048947","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290799,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135210.jpg"},{"id":290798,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5210/downloads/"},{"id":290797,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5210/pdf/sir2013-5210.pdf"},{"id":290795,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5210/"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Big Bend National Park, Rio Grande","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103.75,28.50 ], [ -103.75,30.00 ], [ -101.25,30.00 ], [ -101.25,28.50 ], [ -103.75,28.50 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a5b8cbe4b0ebae89b78983","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moring, J. Bruce","contributorId":53372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moring","given":"J. Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Braun, Christopher L. 0000-0002-5540-2854 clbraun@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5540-2854","contributorId":925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braun","given":"Christopher","email":"clbraun@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pearson, Daniel K.","contributorId":52014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"Daniel K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70117149,"text":"ofr20141154 - 2014 - Methow River Studies, Washington: abundance estimates from Beaver Creek and the Chewuch River screw trap, methodology testing in the Whitefish Island side channel, and survival and detection estimates from hatchery fish releases, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-24T08:18:46","indexId":"ofr20141154","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-23T09:36:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1154","title":"Methow River Studies, Washington: abundance estimates from Beaver Creek and the Chewuch River screw trap, methodology testing in the Whitefish Island side channel, and survival and detection estimates from hatchery fish releases, 2013","docAbstract":"Salmon and steelhead populations have been severely depleted in the Columbia River from factors such as the presence of tributary dams, unscreened irrigation diversions, and habitat degradation from logging, mining, grazing, and others (Raymond, 1988). The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has been funded by the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) to provide evaluation of on-going Reclamation funded efforts to recover Endangered Species Act (ESA) listed anadromous salmonid populations in the Methow River watershed, a watershed of the Columbia River in the Upper Columbia River Basin, in north-central Washington State (fig. 1). This monitoring and evaluation program was funded to document Reclamation’s effort to partially fulfill the 2008 Federal Columbia River Power System Biological Opinion (BiOp) (National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Fisheries Division 2003). This Biological Opinion includes Reasonable and Prudent Alternatives (RPA) to protect listed salmon and steelhead across their life cycle. Species of concern in the Methow River include Upper Columbia River (UCR) spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), UCR summer steelhead (O. mykiss), and bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), which are all listed as threatened or endangered under the ESA. The work done by the USGS since 2004 has encompassed three phases of work. The first phase started in 2004 and continued through 2012. This first phase involved the evaluation of stream colonization and fish production in Beaver Creek following the modification of several water diversions (2000–2006) that were acting as barriers to upstream fish movement. Products to date from this work include: Ruttenburg (2007), Connolly and others (2008), Martens and Connolly (2008), Connolly (2010), Connolly and others (2010), Martens and Connolly (2010), Benjamin and others (2012), Romine and others (2013a), Weigel and others (2013a, 2013b, 2013c), and Martens and others (2014). The second phase, initiated in 2008, focuses on the evaluation of the M2 reach (rkm 66– 80) of the mainstem Methow River prior to restoration actions planned by Reclamation and Yakama Nation. The M2 study was designed to help understand the inter-relationships between stream habitat and the life history of various fish species to explain potential success or limitations in response to restoration actions. To help document changes derived by restoration, two reference reaches (Upper Methow between rkm 85 and 90, and Chewuch River between rkm 4 and 11) were identified based on relative lack of disturbance, proximity to the restoration reach, and relative unconfined geomorphology. A control reach (Lower Methow between rkm 57 and 64, also referred to as “Silver Reach”) was 2 identified based on its similar disturbance as the reference reach, proximity to the restoration reach, and relatively unconfined geomorphology. Products to date include Barber and others (2011), Bellmore (2011), Tibbits and others (2012), Bellmore and others (2013), Benjamin and others (2013), Romine and others (2013b), Bellmore and other (2014), Martens and others (2014), and Martens and Connolly (2014). The third phase of work has been to help with the development and to provide data for modeling efforts.
\nMost of the planned M2 reach restoration is focused on the creation or improvement of offchannel habitat, especially side channels. The pre-restoration portion of this study has been documented by Martens and Connolly (2014). Side channel restoration actions were initiated in 2012 (Whitefish Island side channel, also referred to as SC3; rkm 76) and are planned to continue over the next several years. The Whitefish Island side channel was modified to maintain hydrological connection with the mainstem throughout the year. In addition, several log structures were installed and pools were deepened to create fish habitat. Prior to restoration, this side channel would lose hydrological connection with the mainstem Methow River, leaving one large pool near the bottom of the side channel and several shallow isolated pools that may or may not go dry. In seasonally connected side channels, juvenile salmonid survival in pools less than 100 cm average depth was lower than in pools greater than 100 cm average depth (Martens and Connolly, 2014).
\nIn this report, we document our field work and analysis completed in 2013. During 2013, USGS sampling efforts were focused on resampling of three reaches in Beaver Creek, testing methodology in the Whitefish Island side channel, conducting hatchery survival estimates, and operating a screw trap on the Chewuch River (funded by Yakama Nation; fig. 1). The Beaver Creek sampling effort was a revisit of three index sites sampled continuously from 2004 to 2007 to look at the fish response to barrier removal. Methodology testing in Whitefish Island side channel was done to determine the best method for evaluating fish populations after restoration efforts in side channels (previous sampling methods were determined to be ineffective after pools were deepened). Hatchery survival estimates were completed to monitor fish survival in the Methow and Columbia Rivers, while the screw trap was operated to estimate migrating fish populations in the Chewuch River and track passive integrated transponder (PIT)-tagged fish. In addition, we maintained a network of PIT-tag interrogation systems (PTIS), assisted Reclamation with fish removal events associated with stream restoration (two people for 9 days; 14 percent of summer field season), and conducted a stream metabolism study designed to help parameterize and calibrate the stream productivity model (Bellmore and others, 2014) with model validation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141154","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Martens, K.D., Fish, T.M., Watson, G.A., and Connolly, P., 2014, Methow River Studies, Washington: abundance estimates from Beaver Creek and the Chewuch River screw trap, methodology testing in the Whitefish Island side channel, and survival and detection estimates from hatchery fish releases, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1154, iv, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141154.","productDescription":"iv, 38 p.","numberOfPages":"47","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055654","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290754,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141154.JPG"},{"id":290844,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1154/pdf/ofr2014-1154.pdf"},{"id":290752,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1154/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Upper Columbia River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.09,46.73 ], [ -124.09,49.0 ], [ -117.6,49.0 ], [ -117.6,46.73 ], [ -124.09,46.73 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a8e4b0bc0bec09f8e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martens, Kyle D.","contributorId":12740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martens","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fish, Teresa M. tfish@usgs.gov","contributorId":5869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fish","given":"Teresa","email":"tfish@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":495958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watson, Grace A. gwatson@usgs.gov","contributorId":5435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Grace","email":"gwatson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Connolly, Patrick J. 0000-0001-7365-7618 pconnolly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7365-7618","contributorId":2920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"Patrick J.","email":"pconnolly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70156196,"text":"70156196 - 2014 - Influences of water and sediment quality and hydrologic processes on mussels in the Clinch River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-08T12:04:40","indexId":"70156196","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-22T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influences of water and sediment quality and hydrologic processes on mussels in the Clinch River","docAbstract":"Segments of the Clinch River in Virginia have experienced declining freshwater mussel populations during the past 40 years, while other segments of the river continue to support some of the richest mussel communities in the country. The close proximity of these contrasting reaches provides a study area where differences in climate, hydrology, and historic mussel distribution are minimal. The USGS conducted a study between 2009 and 2011 to evaluate possible causes of the mussel declines. Evaluation of mussel habitat showed no differences in physical habitat quality, leaving water and sediment quality as possible causes for declines. Three years of continuous water-quality data showed higher turbidity and specific conductance in the reaches with low-quality mussel assemblages compared to reaches with high-quality mussel assemblages. Discrete water-quality samples showed higher major ions and metals concentrations in the low-quality reach. Base-flow samples contained high major ion and metal concentrations coincident to low-quality mussel populations. These results support a conceptual model of dilution and augmentation where increased concentrations of major ions and other dissolved constituents from mined tributaries result in reaches with declining mussel populations. Tributaries from unmined basins provide water with low concentrations of dissolved constituents, diluting reaches of the Clinch River where high-quality mussel populations occur.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/jawr.12221","usgsCitation":"Johnson, G.C., Krstolic, J.L., and Ostby, B.J., 2014, Influences of water and sediment quality and hydrologic processes on mussels in the Clinch River: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 50, no. 4, p. 878-897, https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12221.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"878","endPage":"897","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-034906","costCenters":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324917,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Clinch River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.48583984375,\n 37.47485808497102\n ],\n [\n -80.244140625,\n 37.21283151445594\n ],\n [\n -80.48583984375,\n 36.949891786813296\n ],\n [\n -81.05712890625,\n 36.73888412439431\n ],\n [\n -81.71630859375,\n 36.58024660149866\n ],\n [\n -82.81494140625,\n 36.03133177633189\n ],\n [\n -83.56201171875,\n 35.746512259918504\n ],\n [\n -84.19921875,\n 35.496456056584165\n ],\n [\n -84.74853515625,\n 35.35321610123821\n ],\n [\n -85.01220703125,\n 35.51434313431818\n ],\n [\n -84.88037109375,\n 35.88905007936091\n ],\n [\n -84.48486328124999,\n 36.20882309283712\n ],\n [\n -84.26513671875,\n 36.421282443649496\n ],\n [\n -83.8037109375,\n 36.54494944148322\n ],\n [\n -83.232421875,\n 36.66841891894786\n ],\n [\n -82.94677734375,\n 36.82687474287728\n ],\n [\n -82.3974609375,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -82.08984375,\n 37.07271048132943\n ],\n [\n -81.62841796875,\n 37.19533058280065\n ],\n [\n -81.298828125,\n 37.23032838760387\n ],\n [\n -80.48583984375,\n 37.47485808497102\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5780cebae4b081161682236f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Gregory C. 0000-0003-3683-5010 gcjohnso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3683-5010","contributorId":1420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Gregory","email":"gcjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krstolic, Jennifer L. 0000-0003-2253-9886 jkrstoli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2253-9886","contributorId":3677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krstolic","given":"Jennifer","email":"jkrstoli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ostby, Brett J.K.","contributorId":146480,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ostby","given":"Brett","email":"","middleInitial":"J.K.","affiliations":[{"id":16709,"text":"VaTech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70117573,"text":"70117573 - 2014 - Hydrothermal monitoring in a quiescent volcanic arc: Cascade Range, northwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-11T09:27:19","indexId":"70117573","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-22T11:34:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1765,"text":"Geofluids","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrothermal monitoring in a quiescent volcanic arc: Cascade Range, northwestern United States","docAbstract":"Ongoing (1996–present) volcanic unrest near South Sister, Oregon, is accompanied by a striking set of hydrothermal anomalies, including elevated temperatures, elevated major ion concentrations, and 3He/4He ratios as large as 8.6 RA in slightly thermal springs. These observations prompted the US Geological Survey to begin a systematic hydrothermal-monitoring effort encompassing 25 sites and 10 of the highest-risk volcanoes in the Cascade volcanic arc, from Mount Baker near the Canadian border to Lassen Peak in northern California. A concerted effort was made to develop hourly, multiyear records of temperature and/or hydrothermal solute flux, suitable for retrospective comparison with other continuous geophysical monitoring data. Targets included summit fumarole groups and springs/streams that show clear evidence of magmatic influence in the form of high 3He/4He ratios and/or anomalous fluxes of magmatic CO2 or heat. As of 2009–2012, summit fumarole temperatures in the Cascade Range were generally near or below the local pure water boiling point; the maximum observed superheat was <2.5°C at Mount Baker. Variability in ground temperature records from the summit fumarole sites is temperature-dependent, with the hottest sites tending to show less variability. Seasonal variability in the hydrothermal solute flux from magmatically influenced springs varied from essentially undetectable to a factor of 5–10. This range of observed behavior owes mainly to the local climate regime, with strongly snowmelt-influenced springs and streams exhibiting more variability. As of the end of the 2012 field season, there had been 87 occurrences of local seismic energy densities approximately ≥ 0.001 J/m3 during periods of hourly record. Hydrothermal responses to these small seismic stimuli were generally undetectable or ambiguous. Evaluation of multiyear to multidecadal trends indicates that whereas the hydrothermal system at Mount St. Helens is still fast-evolving in response to the 1980–present eruptive cycle, there is no clear evidence of ongoing long-term trends in hydrothermal activity at other Cascade Range volcanoes that have been active or restless during the past century (Baker, South Sister, and Lassen). Experience gained during the Cascade Range hydrothermal-monitoring experiment informs ongoing efforts to capture entire unrest cycles at more active but generally less accessible volcanoes such as those in the Aleutian arc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geofluids","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","publisherLocation":"Oxford, UK","doi":"10.1111/gfl.12079","usgsCitation":"Ingebritsen, S.E., Randolph-Flagg, N., Gelwick, K.D., Lundstrom, E.A., Crankshaw, I.M., Murveit, A.M., Schmidt, M., Bergfeld, D., Spicer, K.R., Tucker, D.S., Mariner, R.H., and Evans, W.C., 2014, Hydrothermal monitoring in a quiescent volcanic arc: Cascade Range, northwestern United States: Geofluids, v. 14, no. 3, p. 326-346, https://doi.org/10.1111/gfl.12079.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"326","endPage":"346","numberOfPages":"21","ipdsId":"IP-050978","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290701,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Oregon;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Range","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125.2881,39.9834 ], [ -125.2881,49.0127 ], [ -119.751,49.0127 ], [ -119.751,39.9834 ], [ -125.2881,39.9834 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a8e4b0bc0bec09f8e5","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/gfl.12079","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gfl.12079","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Ingebritsen S. E., Randolph-Flagg N. G., Gelwick K. D., Lundstrom E. A., Crankshaw I. M., Murveit A. M., Schmidt M. E., Bergfeld D., Spicer K. R., Tucker D. S., Mariner R. H., Evans W. C.","journalName":"Geofluids","publicationDate":"3/20/2014","auditedOn":"11/1/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingebritsen, Steven E. 0000-0001-6917-9369 seingebr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-9369","contributorId":818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"Steven","email":"seingebr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Randolph-Flagg, N. G.","contributorId":92586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randolph-Flagg","given":"N. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gelwick, Katrina D. kgelwick@usgs.gov","contributorId":4966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelwick","given":"Katrina","email":"kgelwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":496030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lundstrom, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":42519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundstrom","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crankshaw, Ilana M. icrankshaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":4967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crankshaw","given":"Ilana","email":"icrankshaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":496033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Murveit, Anna M.","contributorId":98626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murveit","given":"Anna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schmidt, M.E.","contributorId":53075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bergfeld, Deborah 0000-0003-4570-7627 dbergfel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4570-7627","contributorId":152531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergfeld","given":"Deborah","email":"dbergfel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Spicer, Kurt R. 0000-0001-5030-3198 krspicer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5030-3198","contributorId":2684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spicer","given":"Kurt","email":"krspicer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Tucker, David S.","contributorId":143676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucker","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":15299,"text":"Geology Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":496025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Mariner, Robert H. rmariner@usgs.gov","contributorId":3290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mariner","given":"Robert","email":"rmariner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":496031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Evans, William C. 0000-0001-5942-3102 wcevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-3102","contributorId":2353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"wcevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70117481,"text":"70117481 - 2014 - Human and bovine viruses in the Milwaukee River Watershed: hydrologically relevant representation and relations with environmental variables","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-16T10:30:03","indexId":"70117481","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-22T09:50:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Human and bovine viruses in the Milwaukee River Watershed: hydrologically relevant representation and relations with environmental variables","docAbstract":"To examine the occurrence, hydrologic variability, and seasonal variability of human and bovine viruses in surface water, three stream locations were monitored in the Milwaukee River watershed in Wisconsin, USA, from February 2007 through June 2008. Monitoring sites included an urban subwatershed, a rural subwatershed, and the Milwaukee River at the mouth. To collect samples that characterize variability throughout changing hydrologic periods, a process control system was developed for unattended, large-volume (56–2800 L) filtration over extended durations. This system provided flow-weighted mean concentrations during runoff and extended (24-h) low-flow periods. Human viruses and bovine viruses were detected by real-time qPCR in 49% and 41% of samples (n = 63), respectively. All human viruses analyzed were detected at least once including adenovirus (40% of samples), GI norovirus (10%), enterovirus (8%), rotavirus (6%), GII norovirus (1.6%) and hepatitis A virus (1.6%). Three of seven bovine viruses analyzed were detected including bovine polyomavirus (32%), bovine rotavirus (19%), and bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (5%). Human viruses were present in 63% of runoff samples resulting from precipitation and snowmelt, and 20% of low-flow samples. Maximum human virus concentrations exceeded 300 genomic copies/L. Bovine viruses were present in 46% of runoff samples resulting from precipitation and snowmelt and 14% of low-flow samples. The maximum bovine virus concentration was 11 genomic copies/L. Statistical modeling indicated that stream flow, precipitation, and season explained the variability of human viruses in the watershed, and hydrologic condition (runoff event or low-flow) and season explained the variability of the sum of human and bovine viruses; however, no model was identified that could explain the variability of bovine viruses alone. Understanding the factors that affect virus fate and transport in rivers will aid watershed management for minimizing human exposure and disease transmission.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.072","usgsCitation":"Corsi, S., Borchardt, M., Spencer, S.K., Hughes, P.E., and Baldwin, A.K., 2014, Human and bovine viruses in the Milwaukee River Watershed: hydrologically relevant representation and relations with environmental variables: Science of the Total Environment, v. 490, p. 849-860, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.072.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"849","endPage":"860","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056623","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.072","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":290663,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290632,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.072"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Milwaukee River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.8217,42.7954 ], [ -88.8217,43.8345 ], [ -87.7258,43.8345 ], [ -87.7258,42.7954 ], [ -88.8217,42.7954 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"490","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54e322b9e4b08de9379b4f89","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.072","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.072","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Corsi S.R., Borchardt M.A., Spencer S.K., Hughes P.E., Baldwin A.K.","journalName":"Science of The Total Environment","publicationDate":"8/2014","auditedOn":"7/24/2015","publiclyAccessibleDate":"7/21/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corsi, Steven R. srcorsi@usgs.gov","contributorId":511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corsi","given":"Steven R.","email":"srcorsi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Borchardt, M. A.","contributorId":62804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borchardt","given":"M. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spencer, S. K.","contributorId":96118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hughes, Peter E. pehughes@usgs.gov","contributorId":876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Peter","email":"pehughes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":496019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baldwin, Austin K. 0000-0002-6027-3823 akbaldwi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3823","contributorId":4515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Austin","email":"akbaldwi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70117566,"text":"sir20145117 - 2014 - A reconnaissance spatial and temporal assessment of methane and inorganic constituents in groundwater in bedrock aquifers, Pike County, Pennsylvania, 2012-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-24T12:19:10","indexId":"sir20145117","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-22T08:40:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5117","title":"A reconnaissance spatial and temporal assessment of methane and inorganic constituents in groundwater in bedrock aquifers, Pike County, Pennsylvania, 2012-13","docAbstract":"Pike County in northeastern Pennsylvania is underlain by the Devonian-age Marcellus Shale and other shales, formations that have potential for natural gas development. During 2012–13, the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Pike County Conservation District conducted a reconnaissance study to assess baseline shallow groundwater quality in bedrock aquifers prior to possible shale-gas development in the county. For the spatial component of the assessment, 20 wells were sampled in summer 2012 to provide data on the occurrence of methane and other aspects of existing groundwater quality throughout the county, including concentrations of inorganic constituents commonly present at low levels in shallow, fresh groundwater but elevated in brines. For the temporal component of the assessment, 4 of the 20 wells sampled in summer 2012 were sampled monthly from July 2012 through June 2013 to provide data on seasonal variability in groundwater quality. All water samples were analyzed for major ions, nutrients, selected inorganic trace constituents (including metals and other elements), stable isotopes of water, radon-222, gross alpha- and gross beta-particle activity, dissolved gases (methane, ethane, and ethene), and, if possible, isotopic composition of methane. Additional analyses for boron and strontium isotopes, age-dating of water, and radium-226 were done on water samples collected from six wells in June 2013.
\nResults of the summer 2012 sampling show that water from 16 (80 percent) of 20 wells had detectable concentrations of methane, but concentrations were less than 0.1 milligram per liter (mg/L) in most well-water samples; only two well-water samples had concentrations greater than 1 mg/L. The groundwater with elevated methane also had a chemical composition that differed in some respects (pH, selected major ions, and inorganic trace constituents) from groundwater with low methane concentrations. The two well-water samples with the highest methane concentrations (about 3.7 and 5.8 mg/L) also had the highest pH values (8.7 and 8.3, respectively) and the highest concentrations of sodium, lithium, boron, fluoride, and bromide. Elevated concentrations of some other constituents, such as barium, strontium, and chloride, were not limited to well-water samples with elevated methane, although the two samples with elevated methane also had among the highest concentrations of these constituents.
\nOne sample with elevated methane concentrations also had elevated arsenic concentrations, with the arsenic concentration of 30 micrograms per liter (μg/L) exceeding the drinking-water standard of 10 µg/L for arsenic. No other sample from the 20 wells sampled in summer 2012 had concentrations of constituents that exceeded any established primary drinking-water standards. However, radon-222 activities ranging up to 4,500 picocuries per liter (pCi/L) exceeded the proposed drinking-water standard of 300 pCi/L in 85 percent of the 20 well-water samples.
\nThe isotopic composition methane in the two high-methane samples (δCCH4 values of -64.55 and -64.41 per mil and δDCH4 values of -216.9 and -201.8 per mil, respectively) indicates a predominantly microbial source for the methane formed by a carbon dioxide reduction process. The stable isotopic composition of water (δDH20 and δ18OH20) in samples from all 20 wells falls on the local meteoric line, indicating water in the wells was of relatively recent meteoric origin (modern precipitation), including samples with elevated methane concentrations.
\nAnalytical results for 4 of the 20 wells sampled monthly for 1 year ending June 2013 in order to assess temporal variability in groundwater quality show that concentrations of major ions generally varied by less than 20 percent, with most differences less than 4 mg/L. Concentrations of methane varied by less than 1 μg/L (0.001 mg/L) in samples from three wells with low methane and by as much as 1 mg/L (1,000 μg/L) in samples from one well with relatively high methane. The isotopic composition of methane in the one well with relatively high methane varied slightly in the monthly samples, ranging from about -64.5 to -64.8 per mil for δ13CCH4 and from about -217 to -228 per mil for δDCH4. The δ13C values for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in water from this well were consistent with microbial methane formation by carbon dioxide reduction (drift-type methane) and varied little in the temporal samples, ranging from -10.5 to -10.1 per mil.
\nAdditional analyses of samples collected in late June 2013 from six wells with a range of methane and trace constituent concentrations provided baseline data on strontium and boron isotopic compositions (87Sr/86Sr ratios and δ11B, respectively) that potentially may be used to differentiate among sources of these constituents. The strontium and boron isotopic composition determined in the six shallow Pike County groundwater samples had 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.71426 to 0.71531 and δ11B values of 11.7 to 27.0 per mil, which differ from those reported for brines in Devonian-age formations in Pennsylvania.
\nThe June 2013 samples were also analyzed for radium-226 and age-dating dissolved gases. Activities of radium-226 ranged from 0.041 to 0.29 pCi/L in water samples from the six wells and were less than the drinking-water standard of 5 pCi/L for combined radium-226 and radium-228. Age-dating of groundwater using a method based on the presence of anthropogenic gases (chlorofluorocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride) released into the atmosphere yielded estimated recharge dates for water from these six wells that ranged from the 1940s to early 2000s. The oldest water was in samples from wells that had the highest methane concentrations and the youngest water was in samples from a continuously pumped 300-foot deep production well.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145117","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pike County Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Senior, L.A., 2014, A reconnaissance spatial and temporal assessment of methane and inorganic constituents in groundwater in bedrock aquifers, Pike County, Pennsylvania, 2012-13: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5117, x, 91 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145117.","productDescription":"x, 91 p.","numberOfPages":"106","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054516","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290640,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145117.jpg"},{"id":290637,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5117/support/sir2014-5117.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.42 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":290636,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5117/"}],"scale":"2000000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic Projection","country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Pike County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-74.7506,41.4274],[-74.7487,41.4287],[-74.7461,41.4303],[-74.7438,41.4305],[-74.7408,41.4298],[-74.7389,41.4286],[-74.7376,41.4261],[-74.7384,41.4229],[-74.7391,41.4197],[-74.7405,41.4166],[-74.7412,41.4145],[-74.7415,41.4123],[-74.7419,41.4103],[-74.7421,41.4094],[-74.7409,41.4066],[-74.7392,41.4025],[-74.7376,41.4003],[-74.7349,41.3987],[-74.732,41.3973],[-74.7278,41.3963],[-74.7247,41.3958],[-74.7205,41.3947],[-74.7175,41.3929],[-74.7154,41.3917],[-74.7137,41.389],[-74.7126,41.3866],[-74.7105,41.3842],[-74.7064,41.3803],[-74.7011,41.3753],[-74.6985,41.373],[-74.6962,41.3713],[-74.6938,41.3688],[-74.6934,41.3683],[-74.6912,41.3662],[-74.69,41.3639],[-74.6901,41.3621],[-74.6913,41.3598],[-74.6955,41.3576],[-74.7019,41.3549],[-74.7052,41.3536],[-74.7062,41.3532],[-74.7113,41.3519],[-74.7161,41.3502],[-74.7211,41.3485],[-74.7247,41.3473],[-74.7278,41.3469],[-74.7322,41.3469],[-74.7364,41.3475],[-74.7396,41.3473],[-74.742,41.3471],[-74.7461,41.3464],[-74.7506,41.3455],[-74.7537,41.3442],[-74.7571,41.3422],[-74.7581,41.3411],[-74.7602,41.3391],[-74.7619,41.3362],[-74.7633,41.3331],[-74.7651,41.33],[-74.767,41.3283],[-74.7697,41.3269],[-74.773,41.3259],[-74.7754,41.3253],[-74.7764,41.325],[-74.7802,41.3243],[-74.7846,41.3244],[-74.787,41.324],[-74.79,41.3237],[-74.7925,41.3228],[-74.7937,41.3219],[-74.7949,41.3207],[-74.795,41.3186],[-74.7944,41.3172],[-74.7931,41.3159],[-74.7925,41.3145],[-74.7925,41.3127],[-74.7932,41.3117],[-74.7937,41.3109],[-74.7945,41.3103],[-74.796,41.3088],[-74.8017,41.3063],[-74.8077,41.3027],[-74.8126,41.2999],[-74.8163,41.2976],[-74.8193,41.2958],[-74.8218,41.2946],[-74.8223,41.2943],[-74.8254,41.2922],[-74.828,41.29],[-74.8299,41.2877],[-74.8319,41.2851],[-74.8338,41.2823],[-74.8358,41.2799],[-74.8376,41.2779],[-74.8389,41.2752],[-74.8392,41.2729],[-74.8402,41.2709],[-74.8418,41.269],[-74.843,41.2658],[-74.8436,41.2631],[-74.8442,41.2604],[-74.8442,41.2594],[-74.8461,41.2559],[-74.8497,41.2531],[-74.852,41.2523],[-74.8551,41.2506],[-74.8571,41.2483],[-74.8594,41.2459],[-74.86,41.244],[-74.8612,41.2417],[-74.8618,41.239],[-74.8629,41.237],[-74.8661,41.2335],[-74.8662,41.2322],[-74.8657,41.2294],[-74.8636,41.2272],[-74.8612,41.2249],[-74.8605,41.224],[-74.8599,41.2233],[-74.8593,41.2216],[-74.8598,41.2193],[-74.8613,41.2162],[-74.8621,41.2149],[-74.8629,41.214],[-74.8648,41.2118],[-74.8672,41.2086],[-74.8688,41.2062],[-74.8714,41.2022],[-74.8744,41.1977],[-74.8775,41.1931],[-74.8788,41.1904],[-74.8799,41.1881],[-74.8805,41.1861],[-74.8814,41.1844],[-74.8829,41.1819],[-74.8834,41.1812],[-74.8853,41.179],[-74.8884,41.1758],[-74.8916,41.1741],[-74.8935,41.1729],[-74.8957,41.1713],[-74.8972,41.1697],[-74.8985,41.1675],[-74.8999,41.1658],[-74.9017,41.1626],[-74.905,41.1568],[-74.9084,41.1526],[-74.9108,41.15],[-74.915,41.1458],[-74.9196,41.1416],[-74.9242,41.139],[-74.9302,41.1353],[-74.9346,41.1333],[-74.9381,41.1317],[-74.9406,41.1312],[-74.943,41.1303],[-74.9442,41.1294],[-74.9465,41.1277],[-74.9471,41.1258],[-74.9485,41.1244],[-74.9495,41.1231],[-74.9521,41.1216],[-74.9556,41.1197],[-74.9564,41.1192],[-74.9594,41.118],[-74.9624,41.1157],[-74.9652,41.1144],[-74.9667,41.114],[-74.9697,41.1138],[-74.9716,41.1136],[-74.9728,41.1136],[-74.9758,41.112],[-74.9771,41.1114],[-74.9775,41.111],[-74.9807,41.1084],[-74.9837,41.1056],[-74.9867,41.1002],[-74.9886,41.097],[-74.989,41.0962],[-74.9909,41.0935],[-74.9915,41.0926],[-74.9921,41.0931],[-74.9927,41.0931],[-74.9933,41.0936],[-74.9939,41.094],[-74.9952,41.0936],[-74.9958,41.0936],[-74.9964,41.0927],[-74.9983,41.0914],[-74.9995,41.091],[-75.0025,41.0924],[-75.0105,41.0898],[-75.0137,41.0858],[-75.0192,41.0864],[-75.0223,41.0851],[-75.0242,41.0824],[-75.0267,41.082],[-75.0302,41.0848],[-75.032,41.0871],[-75.0338,41.0889],[-75.0343,41.0894],[-75.0356,41.0899],[-75.0373,41.0908],[-75.0449,41.1005],[-75.0467,41.1032],[-75.0618,41.123],[-75.0653,41.1276],[-75.0712,41.1346],[-75.0764,41.1419],[-75.0934,41.1445],[-75.1147,41.1467],[-75.1251,41.1478],[-75.136,41.1489],[-75.1561,41.1516],[-75.1539,41.162],[-75.1518,41.1683],[-75.1463,41.1873],[-75.1442,41.1949],[-75.1429,41.1999],[-75.1373,41.2193],[-75.129,41.2478],[-75.1283,41.25],[-75.1276,41.2536],[-75.187,41.2506],[-75.2011,41.25],[-75.2335,41.2478],[-75.2476,41.2467],[-75.2654,41.2452],[-75.2918,41.242],[-75.2949,41.2412],[-75.2998,41.2408],[-75.3077,41.24],[-75.3273,41.2377],[-75.3285,41.2413],[-75.3301,41.2463],[-75.3319,41.2491],[-75.3366,41.2533],[-75.3414,41.2561],[-75.3426,41.257],[-75.3469,41.2589],[-75.3474,41.2598],[-75.3468,41.2611],[-75.3448,41.2652],[-75.3436,41.2665],[-75.3417,41.2669],[-75.3337,41.2695],[-75.3324,41.2704],[-75.3323,41.275],[-75.3322,41.2786],[-75.3309,41.2795],[-75.3297,41.2804],[-75.3296,41.2831],[-75.3296,41.284],[-75.3302,41.2849],[-75.3295,41.2863],[-75.3264,41.2876],[-75.3251,41.2889],[-75.3251,41.2898],[-75.3257,41.2912],[-75.3268,41.2935],[-75.328,41.2953],[-75.328,41.2971],[-75.3273,41.298],[-75.3261,41.2985],[-75.3248,41.2989],[-75.3236,41.2993],[-75.3224,41.2998],[-75.3217,41.3007],[-75.3211,41.3016],[-75.3198,41.3038],[-75.3185,41.3051],[-75.3173,41.3065],[-75.3166,41.3074],[-75.3141,41.311],[-75.3134,41.3132],[-75.3164,41.3165],[-75.3163,41.3174],[-75.3163,41.3187],[-75.3162,41.3196],[-75.3156,41.3201],[-75.3132,41.3209],[-75.3125,41.3209],[-75.3119,41.3218],[-75.3125,41.3223],[-75.3124,41.3241],[-75.3118,41.325],[-75.3105,41.3268],[-75.3105,41.3282],[-75.3117,41.3291],[-75.3188,41.3369],[-75.3194,41.3374],[-75.3206,41.3379],[-75.3261,41.3384],[-75.331,41.3362],[-75.3323,41.3362],[-75.3341,41.3363],[-75.3359,41.3363],[-75.3378,41.3363],[-75.3432,41.3382],[-75.3431,41.3405],[-75.3388,41.3436],[-75.3369,41.3449],[-75.3374,41.3477],[-75.3386,41.3495],[-75.3385,41.3504],[-75.3391,41.3509],[-75.3416,41.3518],[-75.3421,41.3532],[-75.3427,41.355],[-75.3469,41.3578],[-75.3475,41.3587],[-75.3475,41.3596],[-75.3497,41.366],[-75.3509,41.3679],[-75.3483,41.371],[-75.3465,41.371],[-75.3453,41.371],[-75.3447,41.3709],[-75.344,41.3714],[-75.3428,41.3732],[-75.3415,41.3741],[-75.3409,41.3745],[-75.3396,41.3759],[-75.3384,41.3763],[-75.3372,41.3763],[-75.3365,41.3763],[-75.3353,41.3758],[-75.3347,41.3744],[-75.3342,41.3735],[-75.3336,41.3726],[-75.333,41.3721],[-75.3318,41.3712],[-75.3282,41.3689],[-75.3209,41.3678],[-75.3203,41.3678],[-75.3172,41.3682],[-75.3129,41.37],[-75.3116,41.3713],[-75.311,41.3722],[-75.3103,41.3735],[-75.3109,41.374],[-75.3121,41.3754],[-75.3114,41.3772],[-75.3077,41.3776],[-75.3048,41.3735],[-75.3036,41.3725],[-75.3018,41.3711],[-75.3012,41.3707],[-75.3,41.3702],[-75.2969,41.3701],[-75.2926,41.3705],[-75.2914,41.3709],[-75.2895,41.3718],[-75.2877,41.3722],[-75.2859,41.3722],[-75.2828,41.3726],[-75.2699,41.3738],[-75.2674,41.3737],[-75.2656,41.3741],[-75.2643,41.3755],[-75.2636,41.38],[-75.2635,41.3814],[-75.2635,41.3827],[-75.2622,41.3841],[-75.2603,41.3854],[-75.2579,41.3863],[-75.2554,41.3871],[-75.2541,41.388],[-75.2528,41.3903],[-75.2528,41.3916],[-75.2528,41.3925],[-75.2531,41.3998],[-75.2525,41.4011],[-75.2506,41.4029],[-75.2511,41.4075],[-75.2527,41.4139],[-75.2489,41.4161],[-75.2471,41.4169],[-75.2464,41.4183],[-75.2457,41.4219],[-75.2445,41.4214],[-75.2433,41.4214],[-75.2341,41.4208],[-75.2335,41.4208],[-75.2334,41.4217],[-75.2346,41.4226],[-75.2321,41.4253],[-75.2284,41.4261],[-75.2205,41.4251],[-75.2149,41.4268],[-75.2111,41.4299],[-75.2043,41.4321],[-75.2037,41.4325],[-75.1999,41.4352],[-75.1992,41.437],[-75.1986,41.4379],[-75.1979,41.4397],[-75.1912,41.44],[-75.1905,41.4423],[-75.1862,41.444],[-75.1861,41.4454],[-75.1867,41.4463],[-75.189,41.4491],[-75.189,41.45],[-75.189,41.4509],[-75.187,41.4545],[-75.1882,41.4558],[-75.1882,41.4572],[-75.1881,41.4581],[-75.1856,41.4599],[-75.1844,41.4603],[-75.1813,41.4616],[-75.1743,41.4688],[-75.1737,41.4697],[-75.1692,41.4755],[-75.1679,41.4768],[-75.1666,41.4781],[-75.1654,41.4799],[-75.1628,41.4835],[-75.1557,41.4925],[-75.1494,41.5001],[-75.1224,41.5341],[-75.0974,41.5663],[-75.0723,41.599],[-75.0699,41.602],[-75.068,41.5999],[-75.0645,41.5961],[-75.0613,41.5935],[-75.0582,41.5922],[-75.055,41.5906],[-75.0525,41.5877],[-75.0504,41.5857],[-75.0472,41.5821],[-75.0461,41.5805],[-75.043,41.5749],[-75.0408,41.571],[-75.0389,41.5699],[-75.0359,41.5671],[-75.0326,41.5657],[-75.0294,41.5636],[-75.0247,41.5598],[-75.0216,41.5563],[-75.0192,41.553],[-75.0176,41.5498],[-75.0168,41.5471],[-75.0174,41.5448],[-75.0189,41.5433],[-75.0198,41.5429],[-75.0215,41.5417],[-75.023,41.5403],[-75.0228,41.5377],[-75.0218,41.5353],[-75.02,41.5335],[-75.0176,41.5321],[-75.0133,41.5307],[-75.008,41.5278],[-75.0056,41.5255],[-75.0035,41.5229],[-75.0022,41.5202],[-75.0016,41.5182],[-75.0017,41.5157],[-75.0023,41.5146],[-75.0029,41.5125],[-75.0042,41.5105],[-75.003,41.5092],[-75.0025,41.5086],[-74.9994,41.5082],[-74.9963,41.5085],[-74.9926,41.5094],[-74.9889,41.5093],[-74.9866,41.5074],[-74.9844,41.5055],[-74.984,41.5029],[-74.984,41.5016],[-74.9838,41.5007],[-74.9846,41.497],[-74.9859,41.4911],[-74.9865,41.4866],[-74.9859,41.483],[-74.9835,41.4808],[-74.9799,41.4788],[-74.9741,41.4779],[-74.9658,41.4765],[-74.9591,41.477],[-74.9541,41.4783],[-74.9501,41.4799],[-74.9467,41.4822],[-74.942,41.4837],[-74.9383,41.4842],[-74.9351,41.4835],[-74.9346,41.4834],[-74.9311,41.4818],[-74.9277,41.4796],[-74.9235,41.4777],[-74.9204,41.4763],[-74.9178,41.4752],[-74.9149,41.474],[-74.9132,41.4717],[-74.9119,41.469],[-74.9114,41.4664],[-74.9085,41.4628],[-74.9057,41.4606],[-74.9048,41.46],[-74.9013,41.459],[-74.8986,41.458],[-74.8976,41.4574],[-74.8966,41.4567],[-74.8946,41.4552],[-74.8931,41.4532],[-74.8931,41.4508],[-74.8949,41.4481],[-74.8974,41.4463],[-74.8979,41.444],[-74.8976,41.4417],[-74.8958,41.4399],[-74.8932,41.4391],[-74.8866,41.4391],[-74.8805,41.4408],[-74.8748,41.4425],[-74.8705,41.4443],[-74.8668,41.4452],[-74.8659,41.4451],[-74.8631,41.4447],[-74.8577,41.444],[-74.8516,41.4416],[-74.8473,41.4395],[-74.8468,41.4392],[-74.8431,41.437],[-74.8404,41.4352],[-74.8366,41.4341],[-74.8348,41.4336],[-74.8316,41.4338],[-74.8305,41.4342],[-74.8283,41.435],[-74.8258,41.4364],[-74.8229,41.4379],[-74.8211,41.4392],[-74.8178,41.4413],[-74.8141,41.4427],[-74.8104,41.4426],[-74.808,41.4417],[-74.8062,41.4394],[-74.805,41.4367],[-74.8032,41.434],[-74.8016,41.4314],[-74.8001,41.429],[-74.7977,41.4251],[-74.7953,41.4235],[-74.7929,41.4231],[-74.7886,41.423],[-74.7849,41.4244],[-74.7812,41.4257],[-74.7774,41.4264],[-74.7769,41.4265],[-74.7726,41.427],[-74.7677,41.4259],[-74.7671,41.4258],[-74.7628,41.4247],[-74.7579,41.4247],[-74.7561,41.4246],[-74.7536,41.4255],[-74.7506,41.4274]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Pike\",\"state\":\"PA\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6ae56e4b0f2f0cebe3c9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senior, Lisa A. 0000-0003-2629-1996 lasenior@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2629-1996","contributorId":2150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senior","given":"Lisa","email":"lasenior@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70115551,"text":"fs20133042 - 2014 - Arkansas Groundwater-Quality Network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-06-10T21:04:37.842379","indexId":"fs20133042","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-21T14:51:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3042","title":"Arkansas Groundwater-Quality Network","docAbstract":"Arkansas is the fourth largest user of groundwater in the United States, where groundwater accounts for two-thirds of the total water use. Groundwater use in the State increased by 510 percent between 1965 and 2005 (Holland, 2007). The Arkansas Groundwater-Quality Network is a Web map interface (http://ar.water.usgs.gov/wqx) that provides rapid access to the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) National Water Information System (NWIS) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (USEPA) STOrage and RETrieval (STORET) databases of ambient water information. The interface enables users to perform simple graphical analysis and download selected water-quality data.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133042","usgsCitation":"Pugh, A., Jackson, B.T., and Miller, R., 2014, Arkansas Groundwater-Quality Network: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3042, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133042.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-046329","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":505354,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_100424.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":290610,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3042/pdf/fs2013-3042.pdf"},{"id":290605,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3042/"},{"id":290611,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133042.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.62,33.0 ], [ -94.62,36.5 ], [ -89.65,36.5 ], [ -89.65,33.0 ], [ -94.62,33.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a8e4b0bc0bec09f8e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pugh, Aaron L. apugh@usgs.gov","contributorId":2480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pugh","given":"Aaron L.","email":"apugh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, Barry T. 0000-0001-9843-4162 btjackson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9843-4162","contributorId":154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Barry","email":"btjackson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":495632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Roger","contributorId":63730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Roger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70100432,"text":"sir20145046 - 2014 - Flood-inundation maps for the Susquehanna River near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-21T14:49:17","indexId":"sir20145046","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-21T14:41:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5046","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the Susquehanna River near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 2013","docAbstract":"A series of 28 digital flood-inundation maps was developed for an approximate 25-mile reach of the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. The study was selected by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) national Silver Jackets program, which supports interagency teams at the state level to coordinate and collaborate on flood-risk management. This study to produce flood-inundation maps was the result of a collaborative effort between the USACE, National Weather Service (NWS), Susquehanna River Basin Commission (SRBC), The Harrisburg Authority, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). These maps are accessible through Web-mapping applications associated with the NWS, SRBC, and USGS. The maps can be used in conjunction with the real-time stage data from the USGS streamgage 01570500, Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, Pa., and NWS flood-stage forecasts to help guide the general public in taking individual safety precautions and will provide local municipal officials with a tool to efficiently manage emergency flood operations and flood mitigation efforts.
\nThe maps were developed using the USACE HEC–RAS and HEC–GeoRAS programs to compute water-surface profiles and to delineate estimated flood-inundation areas for selected stream stages. The maps show estimated flood-inundation areas overlaid on high-resolution, georeferenced, aerial photographs of the study area for stream stages at 1-foot intervals between 11 feet and 37 feet (which include NWS flood categories Action, Flood, Moderate, and Major) and the June 24, 1972, peak-of-record flood event at a stage of 33.27 feet at the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, Pa., streamgage.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145046","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service, Susquehanna River Basin Commission, and The Harrisburg Authority","usgsCitation":"Roland, M.A., Underwood, S.M., Thomas, C.M., Miller, J.F., Pratt, B.A., Hogan, L.G., and Wnek, P.A., 2014, Flood-inundation maps for the Susquehanna River near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5046, vi, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145046.","productDescription":"vi, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049553","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290608,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145046.jpg"},{"id":290604,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5046/"},{"id":290607,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5046/pdf/sir2014-5046.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","city":"Harrisburg","otherGeospatial":"Susquehanna River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.099991,40.049694 ], [ -77.099991,40.500225 ], [ -76.673927,40.500225 ], [ -76.673927,40.049694 ], [ -77.099991,40.049694 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a8e4b0bc0bec09f8e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roland, Mark A. 0000-0002-0268-6507 mroland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0268-6507","contributorId":2116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roland","given":"Mark","email":"mroland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Underwood, Stacey M.","contributorId":21467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Underwood","given":"Stacey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, Craig M.","contributorId":70292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Jason F.","contributorId":98643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pratt, Benjamin A.","contributorId":89807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hogan, Laurie G.","contributorId":8001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"Laurie","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wnek, Patricia A.","contributorId":68227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wnek","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70114031,"text":"sir20145116 - 2014 - Bathymetric and velocimetric surveys at highway bridges crossing the Missouri River between Kansas City and St. Louis, Missouri, April-May, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-05T00:00:16.936765","indexId":"sir20145116","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-21T13:57:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5116","title":"Bathymetric and velocimetric surveys at highway bridges crossing the Missouri River between Kansas City and St. Louis, Missouri, April-May, 2013","docAbstract":"Bathymetric and velocimetric data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Transportation, in the vicinity of 10 bridges at 9 highway crossings of the Missouri River between Lexington and Washington, Missouri, from April 22 through May 2, 2013. A multibeam echosounder mapping system was used to obtain channel-bed elevations for river reaches ranging from 1,640 to 1,840 feet longitudinally and extending laterally across the active channel between banks and spur dikes in the Missouri River during low- to moderate-flow conditions. These bathymetric surveys indicate the channel conditions at the time of the surveys and provide characteristics of scour holes that may be useful in the development of predictive guidelines or equations for scour holes. These data also may be useful to the Missouri Department of Transportation to assess the bridges for stability and integrity issues with respect to bridge scour during floods.
\nBathymetric data were collected around every pier that was in water, except those at the edge of water or in very shallow water (less than about 6 feet). Scour holes were present at most piers for which bathymetry could be obtained, except at piers on channel banks, near or embedded in lateral or longitudinal spur dikes, and on exposed bedrock outcrops. Scour holes observed at the surveyed bridges were examined with respect to depth and shape. Although exposure of parts of foundational support elements was observed at several piers, at most sites the exposure likely can be considered minimal compared to the overall substructure that remains buried in channel-bed material; however, there were several notable exceptions where the bed material thickness between the bottom of the scour hole and bedrock was less than 6 feet. Such substantial exposure of usually buried substructural elements may warrant special observation in future flood events.
\nPrevious bathymetric surveys had been done at all of the sites in this study during the flood of 2011. Comparisons between bathymetric surfaces from the previous surveys and those of this study generally indicate a consistent increase in the elevation of the bed and decrease in the size of scour holes at these sites, both likely caused by a substantial decrease in discharge and water-surface elevation compared to the 2011 surveys at most sites. However, multiple surveys at one of the sites indicate that the flow condition is not the sole variable in the determination of the size of scour holes at sites with a dual bridge configuration. Furthermore, another site had a smaller and shallower scour hole even though the discharge in this study was slightly greater than in 2011. Pier size, nose shape, and alignment to flow also had a substantial effect on the size of the scour hole observed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145116","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Huizinga, R.J., 2014, Bathymetric and velocimetric surveys at highway bridges crossing the Missouri River between Kansas City and St. Louis, Missouri, April-May, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5116, viii, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145116.","productDescription":"viii, 79 p.","numberOfPages":"92","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-056537","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290599,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5116/pdf/sir2014-5116.pdf"},{"id":290598,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5116/"},{"id":290600,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145116.jpg"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.00,38.00 ], [ -96.00,40.75 ], [ -90.00,40.75 ], [ -90.00,38.00 ], [ -96.00,38.00 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a8e4b0bc0bec09f8eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huizinga, Richard J. 0000-0002-2940-2324 huizinga@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2940-2324","contributorId":2089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huizinga","given":"Richard","email":"huizinga@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70123167,"text":"70123167 - 2014 - Decreased atmospheric sulfur deposition across the southeastern U.S.: When will watersheds release stored sulfate?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T15:47:42","indexId":"70123167","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-21T13:55:51","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decreased atmospheric sulfur deposition across the southeastern U.S.: When will watersheds release stored sulfate?","docAbstract":"Emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) to the atmosphere lead to atmospheric deposition of sulfate (SO42-), which is the dominant strong acid anion causing acidification of surface waters and soils in the eastern United States (U.S.). Since passage of the Clean Air Act and its Amendments, atmospheric deposition of SO2 in this region has declined by over 80%, but few corresponding decreases in stream-water SO42- concentrations have been observed in unglaciated watersheds. We calculated SO42- mass balances for 27 forested, unglaciated watersheds from Pennsylvania to Georgia, by using total atmospheric deposition (wet plus dry) as input. Many of these watersheds still retain SO42-, unlike their counterparts in the northeastern U.S. and southern Canada. Our analysis showed that many of these watersheds should convert from retaining to releasing SO42- over the next two decades. The specific years when the watersheds crossover from retaining to releasing SO42- correspond to a general geographical pattern of later net watershed release from north to south. The single most important variable that explained the crossover year was the runoff ratio, defined as the ratio of annual mean stream discharge to precipitation. Percent clay content and mean soil depth were secondary factors in predicting crossover year. The conversion of watersheds from net SO42- retention to release anticipates more widespread reductions in stream-water SO42- concentrations in this region.","language":"English","publisher":"The American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Easton, PA","doi":"10.1021/es501579s","usgsCitation":"Rice, K.C., Scanlon, T.M., Lynch, J.A., and Cosby, B.J., 2014, Decreased atmospheric sulfur deposition across the southeastern U.S.: When will watersheds release stored sulfate?: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 48, no. 17, p. 10071-10078, https://doi.org/10.1021/es501579s.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"10071","endPage":"10078","ipdsId":"IP-056001","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293311,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"48","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5406d9c6e4b044dc0e82892b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":1998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":499909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scanlon, Todd M.","contributorId":178235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":25492,"text":"University of Virginia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":499910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lynch, Jason A.","contributorId":55702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cosby, Bernard J.","contributorId":107578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosby","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70117159,"text":"70117159 - 2014 - Contaminant exposure of birds nesting in Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-10T12:43:59","indexId":"70117159","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-18T15:52:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contaminant exposure of birds nesting in Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA","docAbstract":"In earlier studies, elevated concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) were reported in double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs and tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) eggs and nestlings collected from lower Green Bay (WI, USA) in 1994 and 1995 and black-crowned night-heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) eggs collected in 1991. Comparable samples collected in 2010 and 2011 indicated that concentrations of PCBs were 35%, 62%, 70%, and 88% lower than in the early 1990s in tree swallow eggs, tree swallow nestlings, double-crested cormorant eggs, and black-crowned night-heron eggs, respectively; concentrations of DDE were 47%, 43%, 51%, and 80% lower, respectively. These declines are consistent with regional contaminant trends in other species. Concentrations of PCBs were higher in herring gull (Larus argentatus) than in black-crowned night-heron eggs collected from Green Bay in 2010; PCB concentrations in double-crested cormorant and tree swallow eggs were intermediate. The estimated toxicity of the PCB mixture in eggs of the insectivorous tree swallow was the equal to or greater than toxicity in the 3 piscivorous bird species. A multivariate analysis indicated that the composition percentage of lower-numbered PCB congeners was greater in eggs of the insectivorous tree swallow than in eggs of the 3 piscivorous species nesting in Green Bay. Dioxin and furan concentrations and the toxicity of these chemicals were also higher in tree swallows than these other waterbird species nesting in Green Bay.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.2609","usgsCitation":"Custer, T.W., Dummer, P.M., Custer, C.M., Franson, J., and Jones, M., 2014, Contaminant exposure of birds nesting in Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 33, no. 8, p. 1832-1839, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2609.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1832","endPage":"1839","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054288","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290491,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","city":"Green Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.187255859375,\n 44.38669150215206\n ],\n [\n -87.8741455078125,\n 44.38669150215206\n ],\n [\n -87.8741455078125,\n 44.653024159812\n ],\n [\n -88.187255859375,\n 44.653024159812\n ],\n [\n -88.187255859375,\n 44.38669150215206\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd52a8e4b0b290850f4a7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3170-6519 tcuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":2835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Thomas","email":"tcuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dummer, Paul M. 0000-0002-2055-9480","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2055-9480","contributorId":90665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dummer","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Custer, Christine M. 0000-0003-0500-1582 ccuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-1582","contributorId":1143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Christine","email":"ccuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":95002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J. Christian","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jones, Michael","contributorId":44838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}