Water quality, habitat, and fish in Minnesota lakes will potentially be facing substantial levels of stress in the coming decades primarily because of two stressors: (1) land-use change (urban and agricultural) and (2) climate change. Several regional and statewide lake modeling studies have identified the potential linkages between land-use and climate change on reductions in the volume of suitable lake habitat for coldwater fish populations. In recent years, water-resource scientists have been making the case for focused assessments and monitoring of sentinel systems to address how these stress agents change lakes over the long term. Currently in Minnesota, a large-scale effort called “Sustaining Lakes in a Changing Environment” is underway that includes a focus on monitoring basic watershed, water quality, habitat, and fish indicators of 24 Minnesota sentinel lakes across a gradient of ecoregions, depths, and nutrient levels. As part of this effort, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, developed predictive water quality models to assess water quality and habitat dynamics of three select deepwater lakes in Minnesota. The three lakes (Lake Carlos in Douglas County, Elk Lake in Clearwater County, and Trout Lake in Cook County) were assessed under recent (2010–11) meteorological conditions. The three selected lakes contain deep, coldwater habitats that remain viable during the summer months for coldwater fish species.
\nHydrodynamics and water-quality characteristics for each of the three lakes were simulated using the CE-QUAL-W2 model, which is a carbon-based, laterally averaged, two-dimensional water-quality model. The CE-QUAL-W2 models address the interaction between nutrient cycling, primary production, and trophic dynamics to predict responses in the distribution of temperature and oxygen in lakes.
\nThe CE-QUAL-W2 models for all three lakes successfully predicted water temperature, on the basis of the two metrics of absolute mean error and root mean square error, using measured inputs of water temperature and nutrients. One of the main calibration tools for CE-QUAL-W2 model development was the vertical profile temperature data, available for all three lakes. For all three lakes, the absolute mean error and root mean square error were less than 1.0 degree Celsius and 1.2 degrees Celsius, respectively, for the different depth ranges used for vertical profile comparisons. In Lake Carlos, simulated water temperatures compared better to measured water temperatures in the epilimnion than in the hypolimnion. The reverse was true for the other two lakes, Elk Lake and Trout Lake, where the simulated results were slightly better for the hypolimnion than the epilimnion. The model also was used to approximate the location of the thermocline throughout the simulation periods, approximately April to November, in all three lake models. Deviations between the simulated and measured water temperatures in the vertical lake profile commonly were because of an offset in the timing of thermocline shifts rather than the simulated results missing thermocline shifts altogether.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145066","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Smith, E.A., Kiesling, R.L., Galloway, J.M., and Ziegeweid, J.R., 2014, Water quality and algal community dynamics of three deepwater lakes in Minnesota utilizing CE-QUAL-W2 models: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5066, xi, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145066.","productDescription":"xi, 73 p.","numberOfPages":"90","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-016416","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288945,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145066.jpg"},{"id":288939,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5066/"},{"id":288944,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5066/pdf/sir2014-5066.pdf"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 15 North","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.426,43.3158 ], [ -97.426,49.4915 ], [ -89.2941,49.4915 ], [ -89.2941,43.3158 ], [ -97.426,43.3158 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae78a3e4b0abf75cf2dc0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Erik A. 0000-0001-8434-0798 easmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8434-0798","contributorId":1405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Erik","email":"easmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kiesling, Richard L. 0000-0002-3017-1826 kiesling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3017-1826","contributorId":1837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiesling","given":"Richard","email":"kiesling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galloway, Joel M. 0000-0002-9836-9724 jgallowa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9836-9724","contributorId":1562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Joel","email":"jgallowa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ziegeweid, Jeffrey R. 0000-0001-7797-3044 jrziege@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7797-3044","contributorId":4166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegeweid","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jrziege@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70113339,"text":"70113339 - 2014 - Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and azaarenes in runoff from coal-tar- and asphalt-sealcoated pavement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-19T15:48:19","indexId":"70113339","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-19T15:46:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and azaarenes in runoff from coal-tar- and asphalt-sealcoated pavement","docAbstract":"Coal-tar-based sealcoat, used extensively on parking lots and driveways in North America, is a potent source of PAHs. We investigated how concentrations and assemblages of PAHs and azaarenes in runoff from pavement newly sealed with coal-tar-based (CT) or asphalt-based (AS) sealcoat changed over time. Samples of simulated runoff were collected from pavement 5 h to 111 d following application of AS or CT sealcoat. Concentrations of the sum of 16 PAHs (median concentrations of 328 and 35 μg/L for CT and AS runoff, respectively) in runoff varied relatively little, but rapid decreases in concentrations of azaarenes and low molecular weight PAHs were offset by increases in high molecular weight PAHs. The results demonstrate that runoff from CT-sealcoated pavement, in particular, continues to contain elevated concentrations of PAHs long after a 24-h curing time, with implications for the fate, transport, and ecotoxicological effects of contaminants in runoff from CT-sealcoated pavement.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2014.01.008","usgsCitation":"Mahler, B., Van Metre, P., and Foreman, W., 2014, Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and azaarenes in runoff from coal-tar- and asphalt-sealcoated pavement: Environmental Pollution, v. 188, p. 81-87, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.01.008.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-053111","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288936,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288930,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.01.008"}],"volume":"188","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae765ee4b0abf75cf2bf49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahler, Barbara 0000-0002-9150-9552 bjmahler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-9552","contributorId":1249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"Barbara","email":"bjmahler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C.","contributorId":34104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foreman, William T. wforeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"William T.","email":"wforeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70098933,"text":"ofr20141061 - 2014 - Particle-tracking investigation of the retention of sucker larvae emerging from spawning grounds in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-19T13:11:03","indexId":"ofr20141061","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-19T12:56:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1061","title":"Particle-tracking investigation of the retention of sucker larvae emerging from spawning grounds in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"This study had two objectives: (1) to use the results of an individual-based particle-tracking model of larval sucker dispersal through the Williamson River delta and Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, to interpret field data collected throughout Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, and (2) to use the model to investigate the retention of sucker larvae in the system as a function of Williamson River flow, wind, and lake elevation. This is a follow-up study to work reported in Wood and others (2014) in which the hydrodynamic model of Upper Klamath Lake was combined with an individual-based, particle-tracking model of larval fish entering the lake from spawning areas in the Williamson River. In the previous study, the performance of the model was evaluated through comparison with field data comprising larval sucker distribution collected in 2009 by The Nature Conservancy, Oregon State University (OSU), and the U.S. Geological Survey, primarily from the (at that time) recently reconnected Williamson River Delta and along the eastern shoreline of Upper Klamath Lake, surrounding the old river mouth. The previous study demonstrated that the validation of the model with field data was moderately successful and that the model was useful for describing the broad patterns of larval dispersal from the river, at least in the areas surrounding the river channel immediately downstream of the spawning areas and along the shoreline where larvae enter the lake.
\nIn this study, field data collected by OSU throughout the main body of Upper Klamath Lake, and not just around the Williamson River Delta, were compared to model simulation results. Because the field data were collected throughout the lake, it was necessary to include in the simulations larvae spawned at eastern shoreline springs that were not included in the earlier studies. A complicating factor was that the OSU collected data throughout the main body of the lake in 2011 and 2012, after the end of several years of larval drift collection in the Williamson River by the U.S. Geological Survey. Those larval drift data provided necessary boundary-condition information for the earlier studies, but there were no measured boundary conditions for larval input into model simulations during the years of this study (2011−12). Therefore, we developed a method to estimate a time series of larval drift in the Williamson River, and of the emergence of larvae from the gravel at the eastern shoreline springs, that captured the approximate timing of the larval pulse of the Lost River sucker (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose sucker (Chasmistes brevirostris) and the relative magnitude of the pulses by species and spawning location. The method is not able to predict larval drift on any given day, but it can reasonably predict the approximate temporal progression of the larval drift through the season, based on counts of adult suckers returning to spawn. The accuracy in the timing of the larval pulses is not better than about plus or minus 5 days.
\nModel results and field data were consistent in the basic progression of both catch per unit effort (CPUE) and larval length through time. The model simulation results also duplicated some of the characteristics of the spatial patterns of density in the field data, notably the tendency for high larval densities closer to the eastern and western shorelines. However, the model simulations could not explain high densities in the northern part of the lake or far into Ball Bay, locations that are far from the source of larvae in the Williamson River or eastern shoreline springs (as measured along the predominant transport pathways simulated in the model). This suggests the possibility of unaccounted-for spawning areas in the northern part of the lake and also that the period during which larvae are transported passively by the currents is shorter than the 46 days simulated in the model. Similarly, the progression of larval lengths in the field data is not a simple progression from smaller to larger fish away from sources in the river and springs, as simulated by the particle-tracking model; the smallest fish were caught at different times near the Williamson River, in the northwestern part of the lake, and in the southernmost part of the lake. This again suggests that fish may be spawning at places other than the river and eastern springs, that our understanding of larval transport is incomplete, or both.
\nThe model was used to run 96 numerical “experiments” in which lake elevation, river discharge, and wind forcing were varied systematically in order to investigate the sensitivity of particle retention to each variable, and with particular emphasis on the idea of managing lake elevation to control emigration. The estimates of particle retention cannot be equated directly to retention of fish larvae, primarily because there was no mortality included in the simulations, but the relative comparison of retention and emigration around the matrix of experimental conditions provided several “big picture” results:
\n - Variables that cannot be controlled—winds and discharge—had the largest effect on retention. For example, at the lowest river discharge (20 cubic meters per second), simulated retention was high regardless of wind or lake elevation, whereas at the highest river discharge (100 cubic meters per second), retention was low regardless of wind or lake elevation.
\n - When river discharge and wind were held constant, a higher elevation delayed the onset of the most rapid exit of particles by 1 (from the springs) to 4 (from the river) days, but did not determine overall retention. Only under the combination of conditions consisting of low discharge (50 cubic meters per second or less) and strong wind reversals for several days was there a consistent effect of lake elevation on overall retention several weeks into the simulation, and, under those conditions, retention was at the high end of the possible range regardless of lake elevation.
\n - Under most combinations of conditions tested, after particles had been in the system for several days, the complex interaction between wind, elevation, and river discharge resulted in particle pathways, and therefore retention, being highly variable and unpredictable, at which point controlling lake elevation could not produce a predictable result. Therefore, on the basis of the model predictions, managing lake elevation probably is not a way to reliably provide any particular level of retention.
Recently, effects of lakes and reservoirs on river nutrient export have been incorporated into landscape biogeochemical models. Because annual export varies with precipitation, there is a need to examine the biogeochemical role of lakes and reservoirs over time frames that incorporate interannual variability in precipitation. We examined long-term (~20 years) time series of river export (annual mass yield, Y, and flow-weighted mean annual concentration, C) for total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total suspended sediment (TSS) from 54 catchments in Wisconsin, USA. Catchments were classified as small agricultural, large agricultural, and forested by use of a cluster analysis, and these varied in lentic coverage (percentage of catchment lake or reservoir water that was connected to river network). Mean annual export and interannual variability (CV) of export (for both Y and C) were higher in agricultural catchments relative to forested catchments for TP, TN, and TSS. In both agricultural and forested settings, mean and maximum annual TN yields were lower in the presence of lakes and reservoirs, suggesting lentic denitrification or N burial. There was also evidence of long-term lentic TP and TSS retention, especially when viewed in terms of maximum annual yield, suggesting sedimentation during high loading years. Lentic catchments had lower interannual variability in export. For TP and TSS, interannual variability in mass yield was often >50% higher than interannual variability in water yield, whereas TN variability more closely followed water (discharge) variability. Our results indicate that long-term mass export through rivers depends on interacting terrestrial, aquatic, and meteorological factors in which the presence of lakes and reservoirs can reduce the magnitude of export, stabilize interannual variability in export, as well as introduce export time lags.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","doi":"10.1002/hyp.10083","usgsCitation":"Powers, S.M., Robertson, D.M., and Stanley, E.H., 2014, Effects of lakes and reservoirs on annual river nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment export in agricultural and forested landscapes: Hydrological Processes, v. 28, no. 24, p. 5919-5937, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10083.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"5919","endPage":"5937","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050925","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288915,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288913,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10083"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.89,42.49 ], [ -92.89,47.08 ], [ -86.76,47.08 ], [ -86.76,42.49 ], [ -92.89,42.49 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"28","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7698e4b0abf75cf2bfbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powers, Stephen M.","contributorId":35238,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powers","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanley, Emily H.","contributorId":55725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stanley","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":12951,"text":"Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":495047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70104185,"text":"sir20145078 - 2014 - Estimation of flood discharges at selected annual exceedance probabilities for unregulated, rural streams in Vermont, with a section on Vermont regional skew regression","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-19T11:15:42","indexId":"sir20145078","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-19T11:06:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5078","title":"Estimation of flood discharges at selected annual exceedance probabilities for unregulated, rural streams in Vermont, with a section on Vermont regional skew regression","docAbstract":"This report provides estimates of flood discharges at selected annual exceedance probabilities (AEPs) for streamgages in and adjacent to Vermont and equations for estimating flood discharges at AEPs of 50-, 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, 0.5-, and 0.2-percent (recurrence intervals of 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 100-, 200-, and 500-years, respectively) for ungaged, unregulated, rural streams in Vermont. The equations were developed using generalized least-squares regression. Flood-frequency and drainage-basin characteristics from 145 streamgages were used in developing the equations. The drainage-basin characteristics used as explanatory variables in the regression equations include drainage area, percentage of wetland area, and the basin-wide mean of the average annual precipitation. The average standard errors of prediction for estimating the flood discharges at the 50-, 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, 0.5-, and 0.2-percent AEP with these equations are 34.9, 36.0, 38.7, 42.4, 44.9, 47.3, 50.7, and 55.1 percent, respectively.
\nFlood discharges at selected AEPs for streamgages were computed by using the Expected Moments Algorithm. To improve estimates of the flood discharges for given exceedance probabilities at streamgages in Vermont, a new generalized skew coefficient was developed. The new generalized skew for the region is a constant, 0.44. The mean square error of the generalized skew coefficient is 0.078. This report describes a technique for using results from the regression equations to adjust an AEP discharge computed from a streamgage record. This report also describes a technique for using a drainage-area adjustment to estimate flood discharge at a selected AEP for an ungaged site upstream or downstream from a streamgage.
\nThe final regression equations and the flood-discharge frequency data used in this study will be available in StreamStats. StreamStats is a World Wide Web application providing automated regression-equation solutions for user-selected sites on streams.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145078","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Olson, S.A., and with a section by Veilleux, A.G., 2014, Estimation of flood discharges at selected annual exceedance probabilities for unregulated, rural streams in Vermont, with a section on Vermont regional skew regression: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5078, Report: vi, 27 p.; Appendixes 1-8, 7, 9, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145078.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 27 p.; Appendixes 1-8, 7, 9","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052679","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288898,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145078.jpg"},{"id":288893,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5078/"},{"id":288894,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5078/pdf/sir2014-5078.pdf"},{"id":288895,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5078/appendix/sir2014-5078_olson_apend01-08.xlsx"},{"id":288897,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5078/appendix/sir2014-5078_olson_apend09.xlsx"},{"id":288896,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5078/appendix/sir2014-5078_olson_apend07.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.7537,42.1919 ], [ -74.7537,45.5564 ], [ -70.5267,45.5564 ], [ -70.5267,42.1919 ], [ -74.7537,42.1919 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae76aae4b0abf75cf2bfd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, Scott A. 0000-0002-1064-2125 solson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1064-2125","contributorId":2059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Scott","email":"solson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"with a section by Veilleux, Andrea G.","contributorId":74302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"with a section by Veilleux","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70189943,"text":"70189943 - 2014 - Modeling low-temperature geochemical processes:","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T16:44:03.209979","indexId":"70189943","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"7.2","title":"Modeling low-temperature geochemical processes:","docAbstract":"This chapter provides an overview of geochemical modeling that applies to water–rock interactions under ambient conditions of temperature and pressure. Topics include modeling definitions, historical background, issues of activity coefficients, popular codes and databases, examples of modeling common types of water–rock interactions, and issues of model reliability. Examples include speciation, microbial redox kinetics and ferrous iron oxidation, calcite dissolution, pyrite oxidation, combined pyrite and calcite dissolution, dedolomitization, seawater–carbonate groundwater mixing, reactive-transport modeling in streams, modeling catchments, and evaporation of seawater. The chapter emphasizes limitations to geochemical modeling: that a proper understanding and ability to communicate model results well are as important as completing a set of useful modeling computations and that greater sophistication in model and code development is not necessarily an advancement. If the goal is to understand how a particular geochemical system behaves, it is better to collect more field data than rely on computer codes.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reference module in earth systems and environmental sciences: Treatise on geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00502-7","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, D.K., and Campbell, K.M., 2014, Modeling low-temperature geochemical processes:, chap. 7.2 of Reference module in earth systems and environmental sciences: Treatise on geochemistry, v. 7, p. 27-68, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00502-7.","productDescription":"42 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"68","ipdsId":"IP-038052","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345118,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","edition":"2nd Edition","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"599fe5bce4b038630d022110","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":706839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Kate M. 0000-0002-8715-5544 kcampbell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8715-5544","contributorId":1441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Kate","email":"kcampbell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70112913,"text":"sir20145073 - 2014 - Streamflow, water quality, and aquatic macroinvertebrates of selected streams in Fairfax County, Virginia, 2007-12","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-18T15:06:54","indexId":"sir20145073","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-18T15:01:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5073","title":"Streamflow, water quality, and aquatic macroinvertebrates of selected streams in Fairfax County, Virginia, 2007-12","docAbstract":"Efforts to mitigate the effects of urbanization on streams rely on best management practices (BMPs) that are implemented with the intent of reducing and retaining stormwater runoff. A cooperative monitoring effort between the U.S. Geological Survey and Fairfax County, Virginia, was initiated in 2007 to assess the condition of county streams and document watershed-scale responses to the implementation of BMPs. Assessment of the data collected during the first 5 years of this monitoring program focused on characterizing the hydrologic and ecological condition of 14 monitored streams.
\nHydrologic, chemical, and macroinvertebrate community conditions in the streams monitored were found to be consistent, overall, with conditions commonly observed in urban streams. Hydrologically, the monitored streams were found to be flashy, with flashiness positively related to road cover in the watershed. Typical pH values of streams throughout the network centered around neutrality (pH = 7) with strong daily fluctuations apparent in the continuous data. Patterns in specific conductance were largely representative of anthropogenic disturbances—watersheds having the greatest percentage of open space and estate residential land-use had the lowest typical specific conductance values, and specific conductance variability was less than what is observed in watersheds that are more intensively developed. In watersheds having greater road coverage, and more development in general, increases in specific conductance over several orders of magnitude were observed during winter months as a result of the application of de-icing salts on impervious surfaces. Dissolved oxygen conditions were typically within the range required to support healthy biological communities, although occasional departures during summer months at some sites fell below the impairment threshold for streams in Virginia.
\nNitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), concentration patterns were largely consistent across the network, with few exceptions. Nitrogen concentrations in monthly samples were generally low and dominated by nitrate. Exceptions to the generally low N concentrations occurred at Captain Hickory Run, which had a median total N concentration of approximately 4.9 milligrams per liter (mg/L), compared to the network-wide median of approximately 1.7 mg/L, and at Popes Head Creek Tributary, where total N concentrations spiked to 6–8 mg/L during low-flow periods in August or September of each year. Phosphorus concentrations in monthly samples were generally low and dominated by the dissolved fraction. Two monitoring stations in the network, Flatlick Branch and Frog Branch, are notable for having median total P concentrations that were, on average, approximately three times greater than the median total P concentration of 0.02 mg/L observed at the other 12 stations in the network.
\nSuspended-sediment and nutrient loads and yields were similar to those of urbanized watersheds in other studies, although the yields from these urbanized basins were greater than, or within, the upper quartile of yields observed throughout the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Annual suspended-sediment loads ranged from 289–10,275 tons, with a median of 1,311 tons, and corresponding yields ranged from 107–2,827 tons per square mile (ton/mi2), with a median of 277 ton/mi2. Annual total N loads ranged from 8,014–36,413 pounds, with a median of 21,314 pounds, and corresponding yields ranged from 3,361–8,360 pounds per square mile (lb/mi2), with a median of 6,200 lb/mi2. Annual total P loads ranged from 380–6,558 pounds, with a median of 1,874 pounds, and corresponding yields ranged from 140–1,562 lb/mi2, with a median of 543 lb/mi2.
\nBenthic macroinvertebrate community metrics indicated that streams throughout Fairfax County are generally of poor health. One station, Castle Creek, was an exception with results indicating relatively high quality aquatic health.
\nSix additional monitoring stations were added to the network in 2012 to improve spatial coverage throughout Fairfax County. Monitoring activities are expected to continue at all 20 stations for the foreseeable future as BMP implementation is conducted.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145073","issn":"2328-0328","isbn":"978-1-4113-3788-6","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Fairfax County, Virginia","usgsCitation":"Jastram, J.D., 2014, Streamflow, water quality, and aquatic macroinvertebrates of selected streams in Fairfax County, Virginia, 2007-12: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5073, x, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145073.","productDescription":"x, 68 p.","numberOfPages":"82","onlineOnly":"N","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-051336","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288839,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145073.jpg"},{"id":288837,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5073/"},{"id":288838,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5073/pdf/sir2014-5073.pdf"}],"scale":"2000000","country":"United States","state":"Virginia","county":"Fairfax County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.5,38.666667 ], [ -77.5,39.0 ], [ -77.0,39.0 ], [ -77.0,38.666667 ], [ -77.5,38.666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7843e4b0abf75cf2cf70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jastram, John D. 0000-0002-9416-3358 jdjastra@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9416-3358","contributorId":3531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jastram","given":"John","email":"jdjastra@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70112928,"text":"70112928 - 2014 - Performance of a surface bypass structure to enhance juvenile steelhead passage and survival at Lower Granite Dam, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-26T09:36:35","indexId":"70112928","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-18T13:57:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Performance of a surface bypass structure to enhance juvenile steelhead passage and survival at Lower Granite Dam, Washington","docAbstract":"An integral part of efforts to recover stocks of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. and steelhead O. mykiss in Pacific Northwest rivers is to increase passage efficacy and survival of juveniles past hydroelectric dams. As part of this effort, we evaluated the efficacy of a prototype surface bypass structure, the removable spillway weir (RSW), installed in a spillbay at Lower Granite Dam, Washington, on the Snake River during 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006. Radio-tagged juvenile steelhead were released upstream from the dam and their route of passage through the turbines, juvenile bypass, spillway, or RSW was recorded. The RSW was operated in an on-or-off condition and passed 3–13% of the total discharge at the dam when it was on. Poisson rate models were fit to the passage counts of hatchery- and natural-origin juvenile steelhead to predict the probability of fish passing the dam. Main-effect predictor variables were RSW operation, diel period, day of the year, proportion of flow passed by the spillway, and total discharge at the dam. The combined fish passage through the RSW and spillway was 55–85% during the day and 37–61% during the night. The proportion of steelhead passing through nonturbine routes was <88% when the RSW was off during the day and increased to >95% when the RSW was on during the day. The ratio of the proportion of steelhead passed to the proportion of water passing the RSW was from 6.3:1 to 10.0:1 during the day and from 2.7:1 to 5.2:1 during the night. Steelhead passing through the RSW exited the tailrace about 15 min faster than fish passing through the spillway. Mark–recapture single-release survival estimates for steelhead passing the RSW ranged from 0.95 to 1.00. The RSW appeared to be an effective bypass structure compared with other routes of fish passage at the dam.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2014.901256","usgsCitation":"Adams, N.S., Plumb, J.M., Perry, R.W., and Rondorf, D.W., 2014, Performance of a surface bypass structure to enhance juvenile steelhead passage and survival at Lower Granite Dam, Washington: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 34, no. 3, p. 576-594, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2014.901256.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"576","endPage":"594","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046409","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288826,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lower Granite Dam, Snake River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.56,45.15 ], [ -119.56,47.04 ], [ -114.51,47.04 ], [ -114.51,45.15 ], [ -119.56,45.15 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"34","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae77a4e4b0abf75cf2c196","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, Noah S. 0000-0002-8354-0293 nadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8354-0293","contributorId":3521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Noah","email":"nadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plumb, John M. 0000-0003-4255-1612 jplumb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4255-1612","contributorId":3569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumb","given":"John","email":"jplumb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perry, Russell W. 0000-0003-4110-8619 rperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":2820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","email":"rperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rondorf, Dennis W. drondorf@usgs.gov","contributorId":2970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"Dennis","email":"drondorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70112760,"text":"70112760 - 2014 - Methylmercury production in sediment from agricultural and non-agricultural wetlands in the Yolo Bypass, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T09:25:04","indexId":"70112760","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-18T12:59:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methylmercury production in sediment from agricultural and non-agricultural wetlands in the Yolo Bypass, California, USA","docAbstract":"As part of a larger study of mercury (Hg) biogeochemistry and bioaccumulation in agricultural (rice growing) and non-agricultural wetlands in California's Central Valley, USA, seasonal and spatial controls on methylmercury (MeHg) production were examined in surface sediment. Three types of shallowly-flooded agricultural wetlands (white rice, wild rice, and fallow fields) and two types of managed (non-agricultural) wetlands (permanently and seasonally flooded) were sampled monthly-to-seasonally. Dynamic seasonal changes in readily reducible ‘reactive’ mercury (Hg(II)R), Hg(II)-methylation rate constants (kmeth), and concentrations of electron acceptors (sulfate and ferric iron) and donors (acetate), were all observed in response to field management hydrology, whereas seasonal changes in these parameters were more muted in non-agricultural managed wetlands. Agricultural wetlands exhibited higher sediment MeHg concentrations than did non-agricultural wetlands, particularly during the fall through late-winter (post-harvest) period. Both sulfate- and iron-reducing bacteria have been implicated in MeHg production, and both were demonstrably active in all wetlands studied. Stoichiometric calculations suggest that iron-reducing bacteria dominated carbon flow in agricultural wetlands during the growing season. Sulfate-reducing bacteria were not stimulated by the addition of sulfate-based fertilizer to agricultural wetlands during the growing season, suggesting that labile organic matter, rather than sulfate, limited their activity in these wetlands. Along the continuum of sediment geochemical conditions observed, values of kmeth increased approximately 10,000-fold, whereas Hg(II)R decreased 100-fold. This suggests that, with respect to the often opposing trends of Hg(II)-methylating microbial activity and Hg(II) availability for methylation, microbial activity dominated the Hg(II)-methylation process, and that along this biogeochemical continuum, conditions that favored microbial sulfate reduction resulted in the highest calculated MeHg production potential rates. Rice straw management options aimed at limiting labile carbon supplies to surface sediment during the post-harvest fall–winter period may be effective in limiting MeHg production within agricultural wetlands.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.098","usgsCitation":"Marvin-DiPasquale, M., Windham-Myers, L., Agee, J.L., Kakouros, E., Kieu, L.H., Fleck, J., Alpers, C.N., and Stricker, C.A., 2014, Methylmercury production in sediment from agricultural and non-agricultural wetlands in the Yolo Bypass, California, USA: Science of the Total Environment, v. 484, p. 288-299, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.098.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"288","endPage":"299","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-046333","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288819,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288818,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.098"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yolo Bypass","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.8128,38.2329 ], [ -121.8128,38.5804 ], [ -121.5097,38.5804 ], [ -121.5097,38.2329 ], [ -121.8128,38.2329 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"484","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7779e4b0abf75cf2c13f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark","contributorId":57423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Windham-Myers, Lisamarie 0000-0003-0281-9581 lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0281-9581","contributorId":2449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Windham-Myers","given":"Lisamarie","email":"lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Agee, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-5964-5079 jlagee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5964-5079","contributorId":2586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agee","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlagee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kakouros, Evangelos 0000-0002-4778-4039 kakouros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4778-4039","contributorId":2587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kakouros","given":"Evangelos","email":"kakouros@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kieu, Le H. lkieu@usgs.gov","contributorId":25115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kieu","given":"Le","email":"lkieu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fleck, Jacob A. 0000-0002-3217-3972 jafleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-3972","contributorId":1498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Jacob A.","email":"jafleck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stricker, Craig A. 0000-0002-5031-9437 cstricker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-9437","contributorId":1097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"Craig","email":"cstricker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70095563,"text":"sir20145032 - 2014 - Simulation of the effects of rainfall and groundwater use on historical lake water levels, groundwater levels, and spring flows in central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-18T12:47:57","indexId":"sir20145032","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-18T12:42:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5032","title":"Simulation of the effects of rainfall and groundwater use on historical lake water levels, groundwater levels, and spring flows in central Florida","docAbstract":"The urbanization of central Florida has progressed substantially in recent decades, and the total population in Lake, Orange, Osceola, Polk, and Seminole Counties more than quadrupled from 1960 to 2010. The Floridan aquifer system is the primary source of water for potable, industrial, and agricultural purposes in central Florida. Despite increases in groundwater withdrawals to meet the demand of population growth, recharge derived by infiltration of rainfall in the well-drained karst terrain of central Florida is the largest component of the long-term water balance of the Floridan aquifer system. To complement existing physics-based groundwater flow models, artificial neural networks and other data-mining techniques were used to simulate historical lake water level, groundwater level, and spring flow at sites throughout the area.
\nHistorical data were examined using descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, and other exploratory analysis techniques to assess their suitability for more intensive data-mining analysis. Linear trend analyses of meteorological data collected by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration at 21 sites indicate 67 percent of sites exhibited upward trends in air temperature over at least a 45-year period of record, whereas 76 percent exhibited downward trends in rainfall over at least a 95-year period of record. Likewise, linear trend analyses of hydrologic response data, which have varied periods of record ranging in length from 10 to 79 years, indicate that water levels in lakes (307 sites) were about evenly split between upward and downward trends, whereas water levels in 69 percent of wells (out of 455 sites) and flows in 68 percent of springs (out of 19 sites) exhibited downward trends. Total groundwater use in the study area increased from about 250 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) in 1958 to about 590 Mgal/d in 1980 and remained relatively stable from 1981 to 2008, with a minimum of 559 Mgal/d in 1994 and a maximum of 773 Mgal/d in 2000. The change in groundwater-use trend in the early 1980s and the following period of relatively slight trend is attributable to the concomitant effects of increasing public-supply withdrawals and decreasing use of water by the phosphate industry and agriculture.
\nOn the basis of available historical data and exploratory analyses, empirical lake water-level, groundwater-level, and spring-flow models were developed for 22 lakes, 23 wells, and 6 springs. Input time series consisting of various frequencies and frequency-band components of daily rainfall (1942 to 2008) and monthly total groundwater use (1957 to 2008) resulted in hybrid signal-decomposition artificial neural network models. The final models explained much of the variability in observed hydrologic data, with 43 of the 51 sites having coefficients of determination exceeding 0.6, and the models matched the magnitude of the observed data reasonably well, such that models for 32 of the 51 sites had root-mean-square errors less than 10 percent of the measured range of the data. The Central Florida Artificial Neural Network Decision Support System was developed to integrate historical databases and the 102 site-specific artificial neural network models, model controls, and model output into a spreadsheet application with a graphical user interface that allows the user to simulate scenarios of interest.
\nOverall, the data-mining analyses indicate that the Floridan aquifer system in central Florida is a highly conductive, dynamic, open system that is strongly influenced by external forcing. The most important external forcing appears to be rainfall, which explains much of the multiyear cyclic variability and long-term downward trends observed in lake water levels, groundwater levels, and spring flows. For most sites, groundwater use explains less of the observed variability in water levels and flows than rainfall. Relative groundwater-use impacts are greater during droughts, however, and long-term trends in water levels and flows were identified that are consistent with historical groundwater-use patterns. The sensitivity of the hydrologic system to rainfall is expected, owing to the well-drained karst terrain and relatively thin confinement of the Floridan aquifer system in much of central Florida. These characteristics facilitate the relatively rapid transmission of infiltrating water from rainfall to the water table and contribute to downward leakage of water to the Floridan aquifer system. The areally distributed nature of rainfall, as opposed to the site-specific nature of groundwater use, and the generally high transmissivity and low storativity properties of the semiconfined Floridan aquifer system contribute to the prevalence of water-level and flow patterns that mimic rainfall patterns. In general, the data-mining analyses demonstrate that the hydrologic system in central Florida is affected by groundwater use differently during wet periods, when little or no system storage is available (high water levels), compared to dry periods, when there is excess system storage (low water levels). Thus, by driving the overall behavior of the system, rainfall indirectly influences the degree to which groundwater use will effect persistent trends in water levels and flows, with groundwater-use impacts more prevalent during periods of low water levels and spring flows caused by low rainfall and less prevalent during periods of high water levels and spring flows caused by high rainfall. Differences in the magnitudes of rainfall and groundwater use during wet and dry periods also are important determinants of hydrologic response.
\nAn important implication of the data-mining analyses is that rainfall variability at subannual to multidecadal timescales must be considered in combination with groundwater use to provide robust system-response predictions that enhance sustainable resource management in an open karst aquifer system. The data-driven approach was limited, however, by the confounding effects of correlation between rainfall and groundwater use, the quality and completeness of the historical databases, and the spatial variations in groundwater use. The data-mining analyses indicate that available historical data when used alone do not contain sufficient information to definitively quantify the related individual effects of rainfall and groundwater use on hydrologic response. The knowledge gained from data-driven modeling and the results from physics-based modeling, when compared and used in combination, can yield a more comprehensive assessment and a more robust understanding of the hydrologic system than either of the approaches used separately.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145032","issn":"2328-0328","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the St. Johns River Water Management District, Southwest Florida Water Management District, and South Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"O’Reilly, A.M., Roehl, E.A., Conrads, P., Daamen, R.C., and Petkewich, M.D., 2014, Simulation of the effects of rainfall and groundwater use on historical lake water levels, groundwater levels, and spring flows in central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5032, Report: xi, 153 p.; Appendix 1: ZIP; Appendix 2: XLSX; Appendix 3: PDF; Appendix 6: ZIP; Appendix 7: XLSX, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145032.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 153 p.; Appendix 1: ZIP; Appendix 2: XLSX; Appendix 3: PDF; Appendix 6: ZIP; Appendix 7: XLSX","numberOfPages":"169","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049051","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288816,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145032.jpg"},{"id":288811,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5032/appendix/sir2014-5032_appendix1-v2.5.zip"},{"id":288812,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5032/appendix/sir2014-5032_appendix2-gudv.xlsx"},{"id":288809,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5032/"},{"id":288810,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5032/pdf/sir2014-5032.pdf"},{"id":288813,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5032/appendix/sir2014-5032_appendix3_tableA3-1.pdf"},{"id":288814,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5032/appendix/sir2014-5032_appendix6-cfann-dss20120924.zip"},{"id":288815,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5032/appendix/sir2014-5032_appendix7-mdv.xlsx"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.0,28.0 ], [ -82.0,29.0 ], [ -81.0,29.0 ], [ -81.0,28.0 ], [ -82.0,28.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae782ce4b0abf75cf2ccb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Reilly, Andrew M. 0000-0003-3220-1248 aoreilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-1248","contributorId":2184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Reilly","given":"Andrew","email":"aoreilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roehl, Edwin A. Jr.","contributorId":108083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roehl","given":"Edwin","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Daamen, Ruby C.","contributorId":105391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daamen","given":"Ruby","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Petkewich, Matthew D. 0000-0002-5749-6356 mdpetkew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-6356","contributorId":982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petkewich","given":"Matthew","email":"mdpetkew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70127576,"text":"70127576 - 2014 - PAH concentrations in lake sediment decline following ban on coal-tar-based pavement sealants in Austin, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-22T16:09:58.492334","indexId":"70127576","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-18T12:32:29","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"PAH concentrations in lake sediment decline following ban on coal-tar-based pavement sealants in Austin, Texas","docAbstract":"Recent studies have concluded that coal-tar-based pavement sealants are a major source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban settings in large parts of the United States. In 2006, Austin, TX, became the first jurisdiction in the U.S. to ban the use of coal-tar sealants. We evaluated the effect of Austin’s ban by analyzing PAHs in sediment cores and bottom-sediment samples collected in 1998, 2000, 2001, 2012, and 2014 from Lady Bird Lake, the principal receiving water body for Austin urban runoff. The sum concentration of the 16 EPA Priority Pollutant PAHs (∑PAH16) in dated core intervals and surficial bottom-sediment samples collected from sites in the lower lake declined about 44% from 1998–2005 to 2006–2014 (means of 7980 and 4500 μg kg–1, respectively), and by 2012–2014, the decline was about 58% (mean of 3320 μg kg–1). Concentrations of ∑PAH16 in bottom sediment from two of three mid-lake sites decreased by about 71 and 35% from 2001 to 2014. Concentrations at a third site increased by about 14% from 2001 to 2014. The decreases since 2006 reverse a 40-year (1959–1998) upward trend. Despite declines in PAH concentrations, PAH profiles and source-receptor modeling results indicate that coal-tar sealants remain the largest PAH source to the lake, implying that PAH concentrations likely will continue to decline as stocks of previously applied sealant gradually become depleted.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Easton, PA","doi":"10.1021/es405691q","usgsCitation":"Van Metre, P., and Mahler, B., 2014, PAH concentrations in lake sediment decline following ban on coal-tar-based pavement sealants in Austin, Texas: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 48, no. 13, p. 7222-7228, https://doi.org/10.1021/es405691q.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"7222","endPage":"7228","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-052479","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294646,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Austin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.938383,30.098659 ], [ -97.938383,30.516863 ], [ -97.56842,30.516863 ], [ -97.56842,30.098659 ], [ -97.938383,30.098659 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"48","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542bc644e4b0abfb4c809879","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C.","contributorId":34104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahler, Barbara 0000-0002-9150-9552 bjmahler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-9552","contributorId":1249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"Barbara","email":"bjmahler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70110857,"text":"ds855 - 2014 - Mobile terrestrial light detection and ranging (T-LiDAR) survey of areas on Dauphin Island, Alabama, in the aftermath of Hurricane Isaac, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-18T09:32:54","indexId":"ds855","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-18T09:16:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"855","title":"Mobile terrestrial light detection and ranging (T-LiDAR) survey of areas on Dauphin Island, Alabama, in the aftermath of Hurricane Isaac, 2012","docAbstract":"Topographic survey data of areas on Dauphin Island on the Alabama coast were collected using a truck-mounted mobile terrestrial light detection and ranging system. This system is composed of a high frequency laser scanner in conjunction with an inertial measurement unit and a position and orientation computer to produce highly accurate topographic datasets. A global positioning system base station was set up on a nearby benchmark and logged vertical and horizontal position information during the survey for post-processing. Survey control points were also collected throughout the study area to determine residual errors. Data were collected 5 days after Hurricane Isaac made landfall in early September 2012 to document sediment deposits prior to clean-up efforts. Three data files in ASCII text format with the extension .xyz are included in this report, and each file is named according to both the acquisition date and the relative geographic location on Dauphin Island (for example, 20120903_Central.xyz). Metadata are also included for each of the files in both Extensible Markup Language with the extension .xml and ASCII text formats. These topographic data can be used to analyze the effects of storm surge on barrier island environments and also serve as a baseline dataset for future change detection analyses.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds855","issn":"2327-638X","usgsCitation":"Kimbrow, D.R., 2014, Mobile terrestrial light detection and ranging (T-LiDAR) survey of areas on Dauphin Island, Alabama, in the aftermath of Hurricane Isaac, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 855, Report: HTML document; Downloads directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds855.","productDescription":"Report: HTML document; Downloads directory","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055484","costCenters":[{"id":105,"text":"Alabama Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288755,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds855.gif"},{"id":288749,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0855/"},{"id":288753,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0855/title_page.html"},{"id":288754,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0855/Downloads"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","otherGeospatial":"Dauphin Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.233333,30.216667 ], [ -88.233333,30.3 ], [ -88.083333,30.3 ], [ -88.083333,30.216667 ], [ -88.233333,30.216667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae777be4b0abf75cf2c147","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimbrow, Dustin R. dkimbrow@usgs.gov","contributorId":3915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimbrow","given":"Dustin","email":"dkimbrow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":105,"text":"Alabama Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70098143,"text":"ofr20141057 - 2014 - Histograms showing variations in oil yield, water yield, and specific gravity of oil from Fischer assay analyses of oil-shale drill cores and cuttings from the Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-18T09:03:04","indexId":"ofr20141057","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-18T08:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1057","title":"Histograms showing variations in oil yield, water yield, and specific gravity of oil from Fischer assay analyses of oil-shale drill cores and cuttings from the Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"Recent studies indicate that the Piceance Basin in northwestern Colorado contains over 1.5 trillion barrels of oil in place, making the basin the largest known oil-shale deposit in the world. Previously published histograms display oil-yield variations with depth and widely correlate rich and lean oil-shale beds and zones throughout the basin. Histograms in this report display oil-yield data plotted alongside either water-yield or oil specific-gravity data. Fischer assay analyses of core and cutting samples collected from exploration drill holes penetrating the Eocene Green River Formation in the Piceance Basin can aid in determining the origins of those deposits, as well as estimating the amount of organic matter, halite, nahcolite, and water-bearing minerals. This report focuses only on the oil yield plotted against water yield and oil specific gravity.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141057","usgsCitation":"Dietrich, J.D., Brownfield, M.E., Johnson, R.C., and Mercier, T.J., 2014, Histograms showing variations in oil yield, water yield, and specific gravity of oil from Fischer assay analyses of oil-shale drill cores and cuttings from the Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1057, Report: iii, 12p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141057.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 12p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-041055","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288746,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141057.jpg"},{"id":288705,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1057/"},{"id":288742,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1057/pdf/ofr2014-1057.pdf"},{"id":288743,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1057/downloads/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Piceance Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.0,39.0 ], [ -112.0,43.0 ], [ -107.0,43.0 ], [ -107.0,39.0 ], [ -112.0,39.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7738e4b0abf75cf2c0ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dietrich, John D.","contributorId":53841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietrich","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brownfield, Michael E. 0000-0003-3633-1138 mbrownfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3633-1138","contributorId":1548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"Michael","email":"mbrownfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Ronald C. 0000-0002-6197-5165 rcjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-5165","contributorId":1550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Ronald","email":"rcjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mercier, Tracey J. 0000-0002-8232-525X tmercier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8232-525X","contributorId":2847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mercier","given":"Tracey","email":"tmercier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189901,"text":"70189901 - 2014 - Variability common to global sea surface temperatures and runoff in the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-04T10:26:20","indexId":"70189901","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability common to global sea surface temperatures and runoff in the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"Singular value decomposition (SVD) is used to identify the variability common to global sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and water-balance-modeled water-year (WY) runoff in the conterminous United States (CONUS) for the 1900–2012 period. Two modes were identified from the SVD analysis; the two modes explain 25% of the variability in WY runoff and 33% of the variability in WY SSTs. The first SVD mode reflects the variability of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the SST data and the hydroclimatic effects of ENSO on WY runoff in the CONUS. The second SVD mode is related to variability of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO). An interesting aspect of these results is that both ENSO and AMO appear to have nearly equivalent effects on runoff variability in the CONUS. However, the relatively small amount of variance explained by the SVD analysis indicates that there is little covariation between runoff and SSTs, suggesting that SSTs may not be a viable predictor of runoff variability for most of the conterminous United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/JHM-D-13-097.1","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., and Wolock, D.M., 2014, Variability common to global sea surface temperatures and runoff in the conterminous United States: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 15, p. 714-725, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-13-097.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"714","endPage":"725","ipdsId":"IP-051813","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-13-097.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344586,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}\n","volume":"15","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59858809e4b05ba66e9ea2aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":167116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory J.","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":706688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70154769,"text":"70154769 - 2014 - Reproductive ecology of lampreys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T15:28:44","indexId":"70154769","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Reproductive ecology of lampreys","docAbstract":"Lampreys typically spawn in riffle habitats during the spring. Spawning activity and diel (i.e., during daylight and at night) behavioral patterns are initiated when spring water temperatures increase to levels that coincide with optimal embryologic development. Nests are constructed in gravel substrate using the oral disc to move stones and the tail to fan sediment out of the nest. Spawning habitat used by individual species is generally a function of adult size, where small-bodied species construct nests in shallower water with slower flow and smaller gravel than large-bodied species. The mating system of lampreys is primarily polygynandrous (i.e., where multiple males mate with multiple females). Lamprey species with adult total length less than 30 cm generally spawn communally, where a nest may contain 20 or more individuals of both sexes. Lamprey species with adult sizes greater than 35 cm generally spawn in groups of two to four. Operational sex ratios of lampreys are highly variable across species, populations, and time, but are generally male biased. The act of spawning typically starts with the male attaching with his oral disc to the back of the female’s head; the male and female then entwine and simultaneously release gametes. However, alternative mating behaviors (e.g., release of gametes without paired courtship and sneaker males) have been observed. Future research should determine how multiple modalities of communication among lampreys (including mating pheromones) are integrated to inform species recognition and mate choice. Such research could inform both sea lamprey control strategies and provide insight into possible evolution of reproductive isolation mechanisms between paired lamprey species in sympatry.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Lampreys: Biology, Conservation and Control","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht","doi":"10.1007/978-94-017-9306-3_6","isbn":"978-94-017-9306-3","usgsCitation":"Johnson, N., Buchinger, T.J., and Li, W., 2014, Reproductive ecology of lampreys, chap. of Lampreys: Biology, Conservation and Control, p. 265-303, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9306-3_6.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"303","ipdsId":"IP-028159","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340956,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591183b7e4b0e541a03c1a74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas S. njohnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":145449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas S.","email":"njohnson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buchinger, Tyler J.","contributorId":40508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchinger","given":"Tyler","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Li, Weiming","contributorId":65440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Weiming","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70102290,"text":"sir20145055 - 2014 - Conceptual model of the uppermost principal aquifer systems in the Williston and Powder River structural basins, United States and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-12T20:12:58","indexId":"sir20145055","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-17T13:37:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5055","title":"Conceptual model of the uppermost principal aquifer systems in the Williston and Powder River structural basins, United States and Canada","docAbstract":"The three uppermost principal aquifer systems of the Northern Great Plains—the glacial, lower Tertiary, and Upper Cretaceous aquifer systems—are described in this report and provide water for irrigation, mining, public and domestic supply, livestock, and industrial uses. These aquifer systems primarily are present in two nationally important fossil-fuelproducing areas: the Williston and Powder River structural basins in the United States and Canada. The glacial aquifer system is contained within glacial deposits that overlie the lower Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous aquifer systems in the northeastern part of the Williston structural basin. Productive sand and gravel aquifers exist within this aquifer system. The Upper Cretaceous aquifer system is contained within bedrock lithostratigraphic units as deep as 2,850 and 8,500 feet below land surface in the Williston and Powder River structural basins, respectively. Petroleum extraction from much deeper formations, such as the Bakken Formation, is rapidly increasing because of recently improved hydraulic fracturing methods that require large volumes of relatively freshwater from shallow aquifers or surface water. Extraction of coalbed natural gas from within the lower Tertiary aquifer system requires removal of large volumes of groundwater to allow degasification.
\nRecognizing the importance of understanding water resources in these energy-rich basins, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Groundwater Resources Program (http://water.usgs.gov/ogw/gwrp/) began a groundwater study of the Williston and Powder River structural basins in 2011 to quantify this groundwater resource, the results of which are described in this report. The overall objective of this study was to characterize, quantify, and provide an improved conceptual understanding of the three uppermost and principal aquifer systems in energy-resource areas of the Northern Great Plains to assist in groundwater-resource management for multiple uses.
\nThe study area includes parts of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming in the United States and Manitoba and Saskatchewan in Canada. The glacial aquifer system is contained within glacial drift consisting primarily of till, with smaller amounts of glacial outwash sand and gravel deposits. The lower Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous aquifer systems are contained within several formations of the Tertiary and Cretaceous geologic systems, which are hydraulically separated from underlying aquifers by a basal confining unit. The lower Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous aquifer systems each were divided into three hydrogeologic units that correspond to one or more lithostratigraphic units.
\nThe period prior to 1960 is defined as the predevelopment period when little groundwater was extracted. From 1960 through 1990, numerous flowing wells were installed near the Yellowstone, Little Missouri and Knife Rivers, resulting in local groundwater declines. Recently developed technologies for the extraction of petroleum resources, which largely have been applied in the study area since about 2005, require millions of gallons of water for construction of each well, with additional water needed for long-term operation; therefore, the potential for an increase in groundwater extraction is high. In this study, groundwater recharge and discharge components were estimated for the period 1981–2005.
\nGroundwater recharge primarily occurs from infiltration of rainfall and snowmelt (precipitation recharge) and infiltration of streams into the ground (stream infiltration). Total estimated recharge to the Williston and Powder River control volumes is 4,560 and 1,500 cubic feet per second, respectively. Estimated precipitation recharge is 26 and 15 percent of total recharge for the Williston and Powder River control volumes, respectively. Estimated stream infiltration is 71 and 80 percent of total recharge for the Williston and Powder River control volumes, respectively. Groundwater discharge primarily is to streams and springs and is estimated to be about 97 and 92 percent of total discharge for the Williston and Powder River control volumes, respectively. Most of the remaining discharge results from pumped and flowing wells.
\nGroundwater flow in the Williston structural basin generally is from the west and southwest toward the east, where discharge to streams occurs. Locally, in the uppermost hydrogeologic units, groundwater generally is unconfined and flows from topographically high to low areas, where discharge to streams occurs. Groundwater flow in the Powder River structural basin generally is toward the north, with local variations, particularly in the upper Fort Union aquifer, where flow is toward streams.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145055","collaboration":"Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Long, A.J., Aurand, K.R., Bednar, J.M., Davis, K.W., McKaskey, J.D., and Thamke, J., 2014, Conceptual model of the uppermost principal aquifer systems in the Williston and Powder River structural basins, United States and Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5055, Report: viii, 41 p.; Appendix figures and tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145055.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 41 p.; Appendix figures and tables","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045678","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288697,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5055/pdf/sir2014-5055.pdf"},{"id":288698,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5055/downloads/"},{"id":288699,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145055.jpg"},{"id":288696,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5055/"}],"projection":"North American Lambert Conformal Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"Canada;United States","state":"Manitoba;Montana;North Dakota;Saskatchewan;South Dakota;Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Powder River Basin;Williston Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.9,42.5 ], [ -108.9,51.0 ], [ -98.2,51.0 ], [ -98.2,42.5 ], [ -108.9,42.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae765fe4b0abf75cf2bf4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Andrew J. 0000-0001-7385-8081 ajlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7385-8081","contributorId":989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew","email":"ajlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aurand, Katherine R. kaurand@usgs.gov","contributorId":2713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aurand","given":"Katherine","email":"kaurand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":492895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bednar, Jennifer M. jbednar@usgs.gov","contributorId":5164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bednar","given":"Jennifer","email":"jbednar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":492897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, Kyle W. 0000-0002-8723-0110 kyledavis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8723-0110","contributorId":3987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Kyle","email":"kyledavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKaskey, Jonathan D.R.G.","contributorId":28000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKaskey","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thamke, Joanna N. 0000-0002-6917-1946 jothamke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6917-1946","contributorId":1012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thamke","given":"Joanna N.","email":"jothamke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70102940,"text":"sir20145047 - 2014 - Hydrogeologic framework of the uppermost principal aquifer systems in the Williston and Powder River structural basins, United States and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-09T10:17:23","indexId":"sir20145047","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-17T13:12:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5047","title":"Hydrogeologic framework of the uppermost principal aquifer systems in the Williston and Powder River structural basins, United States and Canada","docAbstract":"The glacial, lower Tertiary, and Upper Cretaceous aquifer systems in the Williston and Powder River structural basins within the United States and Canada are the uppermost principal aquifer systems and most accessible sources of groundwater for these energy-producing basins. The glacial aquifer system covers the northeastern part of the Williston structural basin. The lower Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous aquifer systems are present in about 91,300 square miles (mi2) of the Williston structural basin and about 25,500 mi2 of the Powder River structural basin. Directly under these aquifer systems are 800 to more than 3,000 feet (ft) of relatively impermeable marine shale that serves as a basal confining unit. The aquifer systems in the Williston structural basin have a shallow (less than 2,900 ft deep), wide, and generally symmetrical bowl shape. The aquifer systems in the Powder River structural basin have a very deep (as much as 8,500 ft deep), narrow, and asymmetrical shape.
\n\n
The Williston structural basin has been an important oil and natural gas producing region since the 1950s, and production has increased substantially since the mid-2000s due to improved drilling and hydraulic fracturing methods from deep formations, such as the Bakken and Three Forks Formations. These improved methods require considerable volumes of freshwater mostly from shallow aquifers or surface water. Coal, lignite, and coal-bed natural gas are additional sources of energy in both basins that can affect the quality and quantity of shallow aquifers through strip mining and groundwater depletion.
\nIn 2011, the U.S. Geological Survey initiated a regional study of the glacial, lower Tertiary, and Upper Cretaceous aquifer systems in the Williston and Powder River structural basins with the goal to quantify groundwater availability. This report, together with a companion report of the conceptual flow model, provides an improved understanding of the groundwater flow systems and a basis for a numerical, regional groundwater-flow model.
\n\n
This study combines the lithostratigraphic units of the glacial, lower Tertiary, and Upper Cretaceous aquifer systems in the United States and Canada into 7 regional hydrogeologic units—glacial deposits, 4 bedrock aquifers, and 2 bedrock confining units—using general hydraulic properties. The glacial deposits are composed of till and glacial outwash sands and gravels with areas of cobbles and boulders. The four bedrock aquifers are the upper Fort Union, lower Fort Union, lower Hell Creek, and Fox Hills aquifers and are contained primarily in sandstone layers. The two confining units are the middle Fort Union hydrogeologic unit (shale) and upper Hell Creek hydrogeologic unit (contains less sandstone than the underlying lower Hell Creek aquifer). Water from hydrogeologic units in these three aquifer systems is relatively fresh and potable, whereas withdrawals seldom occur from units below the basal confining unit because of great depths (greater than 800 ft) and poor water quality.
\n\n
Analysis of about 300 electric (resistivity) and lithologic logs in the Williston structural basin and numerous existing publications for the Powder River structural basin were used to develop a three-dimensional hydrogeologic framework for both basins. Interpolated thicknesses of the glacial deposits, the lower Tertiary aquifer system, and the Upper Cretaceous aquifer system in the Williston structural basin are less than about 750; 2,250; and 1,050 ft, respectively. Interpolated thicknesses of the lower Tertiary aquifer system and the Upper Cretaceous aquifer system in the Powder River structural basin are less than about 7,180 and 5,070 ft, respectively. Interpolated horizontal hydraulic conductivity values for the Williston structural basin were as much as 25 feet per day (ft/d) in the glacial deposits and had smaller ranges in the lower Tertiary aquifer system (0.01–9.8 ft/d) and in the Upper Cretaceous aquifer system (0.06–5.5 ft/d). In the Powder River structural basin, the lower Tertiary aquifer system had a greater range of interpolated horizontal hydraulic conductivity values (0.10–11 ft/d) than the Upper Cretaceous aquifer system (0.02–5.7 ft/d). Transmissivity is greatest in the gravel zones of the glacial deposits (2,120 feet squared per day) and generally decreases with depth into the bedrock units.
\n\n
Regionally, water in the lower Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous aquifer systems flows in a northerly or northeasterly direction from the Powder River structural basin to the Williston structural basin. Groundwater flow in the Williston structural basin generally is easterly or northeasterly. Flow in the uppermost hydrogeologic units generally is more local and controlled by topography where unglaciated in the Williston structural basin than is flow in the glaciated part and in underlying aquifers. Groundwater flow in the Powder River structural basin generally is northerly with local variations greatest in the uppermost aquifers. Groundwater is confined, and flow is regional in the underlying aquifers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145047","collaboration":"Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Thamke, J., LeCain, G.D., Ryter, D.W., Sando, R., and Long, A.J., 2014, Hydrogeologic framework of the uppermost principal aquifer systems in the Williston and Powder River structural basins, United States and Canada (Version 1: Originally posted June 17, 2014; Version 1.1: December 1, 2014): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5047, Report: viii, 38 p.; Appendix figures and tables; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145047.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 38 p.; Appendix figures and tables; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049955","costCenters":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296505,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145047.jpg"},{"id":288694,"rank":1,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5047/appendix/"},{"id":288695,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5047/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory"},{"id":288692,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5047/"},{"id":288693,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5047/pdf/sir2014-5047.pdf","size":"11.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"projection":"North American Lambert Conformal Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"Canada;United States","otherGeospatial":"Powder River Basin;Williston Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.0,42.5 ], [ -108.0,50.0 ], [ -99.5,50.0 ], [ -99.5,42.5 ], [ -108.0,42.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1: Originally posted June 17, 2014; Version 1.1: December 1, 2014","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae773de4b0abf75cf2c0c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thamke, Joanna N. 0000-0002-6917-1946 jothamke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6917-1946","contributorId":1012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thamke","given":"Joanna N.","email":"jothamke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LeCain, Gary D.","contributorId":52207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeCain","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryter, Derek W. 0000-0002-2488-626X dryter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2488-626X","contributorId":3395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryter","given":"Derek","email":"dryter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sando, Roy 0000-0003-0704-6258","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0704-6258","contributorId":26230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sando","given":"Roy","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Long, Andrew J. 0000-0001-7385-8081 ajlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7385-8081","contributorId":989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew","email":"ajlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70112701,"text":"sir20145067 - 2014 - Estimates of inorganic nitrogen wet deposition from precipitation for the conterminous United States, 1955-84","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T13:39:51","indexId":"sir20145067","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-17T13:03:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5067","title":"Estimates of inorganic nitrogen wet deposition from precipitation for the conterminous United States, 1955-84","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water-Quality Assessment program requires nutrient input information for analysis of national and regional assessment of water quality. Historical data are needed to lengthen the data record for assessment of trends in water quality. This report provides estimates of inorganic nitrogen deposition from precipitation for the conterminous United States for 1955–56, 1961–65, and 1981–84. The estimates were derived from ammonium, nitrate, and inorganic nitrogen concentrations in atmospheric wet deposition and precipitation-depth data. This report documents the sources of these data and the methods that were used to estimate the inorganic nitrogen deposition. Tabular datasets, including the analytical results, precipitation depth, and calculated site-specific precipitation-weighted concentrations, and raster datasets of nitrogen from wet deposition are provided as appendixes in this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145067","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Gronberg, J., Ludtke, A.S., and Knifong, D.L., 2014, Estimates of inorganic nitrogen wet deposition from precipitation for the conterminous United States, 1955-84: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5067, Report: viii, 18 p.; Appendixes 1-4, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145067.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 18 p.; Appendixes 1-4","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1955-01-01","temporalEnd":"1984-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-051313","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science 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,{"id":70049779,"text":"ds796 - 2014 - California Groundwater Units","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-08T14:21:10","indexId":"ds796","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-17T12:47:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"796","title":"California Groundwater Units","docAbstract":"The California Groundwater Units dataset classifies and delineates areas within the State of California into one of three groundwater-based polygon units: (1) those areas previously defined as alluvial groundwater basins or subbasins, (2) highland areas that are adjacent to and topographically upgradient of groundwater basins, and (3) highland areas not associated with a groundwater basin, only a hydrogeologic province. In total, 938 Groundwater Units are represented. The Groundwater Units dataset relates existing groundwater basins with their newly delineated highland areas which can be used in subsequent hydrologic studies. The methods used to delineate groundwater-basin-associated highland areas are similar to those used to delineate a contributing area (such as for a lake or water body); the difference is that highland areas are constrained to the immediately surrounding upslope (upstream) area. Upslope basins have their own delineated highland. A geoprocessing tool was created to facilitate delineation of highland areas for groundwater basins and subbasins and is available for download.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds796","usgsCitation":"Johnson, T., and Belitz, K., 2014, California Groundwater Units: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 796, Report: iv, 34 p.; GIS; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds796.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 34 p.; GIS; Metadata","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-037814","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288685,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds796.jpg"},{"id":288682,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/796/pdf/ds796.pdf"},{"id":288684,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/796/downloads/ds796_metadata.txt"},{"id":288683,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/796/downloads/ds796_GIS.zip"},{"id":288678,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/796/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.507642,32.425413 ], [ -124.507642,42.067151 ], [ -113.488240,42.067151 ], [ -113.488240,32.425413 ], [ -124.507642,32.425413 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae764ee4b0abf75cf2bf14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Tyler D. 0000-0002-7334-9188","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7334-9188","contributorId":64366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Tyler D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70110917,"text":"ds808 - 2014 - Summary of suspended-sediment concentration data, San Francisco Bay, California, water year 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T11:29:30","indexId":"ds808","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-17T12:38:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"808","title":"Summary of suspended-sediment concentration data, San Francisco Bay, California, water year 2010","docAbstract":"Suspended-sediment concentration data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in San Francisco Bay during water year 2010 (October 1, 2009–September 30, 2010). Turbidity sensors and water samples were used to monitor suspended-sediment concentration at two sites in Suisun Bay, one site in San Pablo Bay, three sites in Central San Francisco Bay, and one site in South San Francisco Bay. Sensors were positioned at two depths at most sites to help define the vertical variability of suspended sediments. Water samples were collected periodically and analyzed for concentrations of suspended sediment. The results of the analyses were used to calibrate the output of the turbidity sensors so that a record of suspended-sediment concentrations could be computed. This report presents the data-collection methods used and summarizes, in graphs, the suspended-sediment concentration data collected from October 2009 through September 2010. Calibration curves and plots of the processed data for each sensor also are presented.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds808","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, San Francisco District","usgsCitation":"Buchanan, P.A., and Morgan, T., 2014, Summary of suspended-sediment concentration data, San Francisco Bay, California, water year 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 808, viii, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds808.","productDescription":"viii, 42 p.","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2009-10-01","temporalEnd":"2010-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-028604","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288681,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds808.PNG"},{"id":288677,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/808"},{"id":288680,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/808/pdf/ds808.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay;San Pablo Bay;Suisun Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.5992,37.3385 ], [ -122.5992,38.1821 ], [ -121.7464,38.1821 ], [ -121.7464,37.3385 ], [ -122.5992,37.3385 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae784de4b0abf75cf2d048","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchanan, Paul A. 0000-0002-4796-4734 buchanan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4796-4734","contributorId":1018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchanan","given":"Paul","email":"buchanan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, Tara L. 0000-0001-5632-5232","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5632-5232","contributorId":29124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Tara L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176406,"text":"70176406 - 2014 - What are gas hydrates?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T16:54:43.971916","indexId":"70176406","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"1","title":"What are gas hydrates?","docAbstract":"The English chemistry pioneer Sir Humphry Davy first combined gas and water to produce a solid substance in his lab in 1810. For more than a century after that landmark moment, a small number of scientists catalogued various solid “hydrates” formed by combining water with an assortment of gases and liquids. Sloan and Koh (2007) review this early research, which was aimed at discerning the chemical structures of gas hydrates (Fig. 1.1), as well as the pressures and temperatures at which they are stable. Because no practical applications were found for these synthetic gas hydrates, they remained an academic curiosity.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Frozen heat: UNEP global outlook on methane gas hydrates","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"United Nations Environmental Programme","usgsCitation":"2014, What are gas hydrates?, chap. 1 of Frozen heat: UNEP global outlook on methane gas hydrates, p. 11-30.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"30","ipdsId":"IP-054843","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339793,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339792,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.unep.org/resources/report/frozen-heat-global-outlook-methane-gas-hydrates-volume-1"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f5d444e4b0f2e20545e42d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Beaudoin, Y. 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Tully Valley is in the upper part of the Onondaga Creek watershed between U.S. Route 20 and the Valley Heads end moraine near Tully, N.Y. Tully Valley has a history of several unusual hydrogeologic phenomena that affected past land use and the water quality of Onondaga Creek; the phenomena are still present and continue to affect the area today (2014). These phenomena include mud volcanoes or mudboils, landslides, and land-surface subsidence; all are considered to be naturally occurring but may also have been influenced by human activity. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Onondaga Lake Partnership, began a study of the Tully Valley mudboils beginning in October 1991 in hopes of understanding (1) what drives mudboil activity in order to remediate mudboil influence on the water quality of Onondaga Creek, and (2) land-surface subsidence issues that have caused a road bridge to collapse, a major pipeline to be rerouted, and threatened nearby homes. Two years into this study, the 1993 Tully Valley landslide occurred just over 1 mile northwest of the mudboils. This earth slump-mud flow was the largest landslide in New York in more than 70 years (Fickies, 1993); this event provided additional insight into the geology and hydrology of the valley. As the study of the Tully Valley mudboils progressed, other unusual hydrogeologic phenomena were found within the Tully Valley and provided the opportunity to perform short-term, small-scale studies, some of which became graduate student theses—Burgmeier (1998), Curran (1999), Morales-Muniz (2000), Baldauf (2003), Epp (2005), Hackett, (2007), Tamulonis (2010), and Sinclair (2013). The unusual geology and hydrology of the Tully Valley, having been investigated for more than two decades, provides the basis for this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141076","issn":"2331-1258","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Onondaga Lake Partnership","usgsCitation":"Kappel, W.M., 2014, The hydrogeology of the Tully Valley, Onondaga County, New York: an overview of research, 1992-2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1076, Report: 27 p.; Appendix 1: Video 1 and Video 2, mov and wmv files; Appendix 2 and 3: HTML document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141076.","productDescription":"Report: 27 p.; Appendix 1: Video 1 and Video 2, mov and wmv files; Appendix 2 and 3: HTML document","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1992-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-052339","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288665,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141076.jpg"},{"id":288662,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1076/videos/ofr2014-1076_video01_2011.mov"},{"id":288663,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1076/videos/ofr2014-1076_video02_2013.mov"},{"id":288660,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1076/"},{"id":288661,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1076/pdf/ofr2014-1076.pdf"},{"id":288664,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1076/appendix.html"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Onondaga County","otherGeospatial":"Tully Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.166667,42.833333 ], [ -76.166667,42.875 ], [ -76.125,42.875 ], [ -76.125,42.833333 ], [ -76.166667,42.833333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae786ce4b0abf75cf2d47c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kappel, William M. 0000-0002-2382-9757 wkappel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2382-9757","contributorId":1074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kappel","given":"William","email":"wkappel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70112521,"text":"70112521 - 2014 - Atrazine reduces reproduction in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T16:02:09","indexId":"70112521","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-16T14:31:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Atrazine reduces reproduction in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)","title":"Atrazine reduces reproduction in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)","docAbstract":"Atrazine is an effective broadleaf herbicide and the second most heavily used herbicide in the United States. Effects along the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonad axis in a number of vertebrate taxa have been demonstrated. Seasonally elevated concentrations of atrazine in surface waters may adversely affect fishes, but only a few studies have examined reproductive effects of this chemical. The present study was designed to evaluate a population endpoint (egg production) in conjunction with histological (reproductive stage, gonad pathology) and biochemical (aromatase activity, sex hormone production) phenotypes associated with atrazine exposure in Japanese medaka. Adult virgin breeding groups of one male and four females were exposed to nominal concentrations of 0, 0.5, 5.0, and 50 μg/L (0, 2.3, 23.2, 231 nM) of atrazine in a flow-through diluter for 14 or 38 days. Total egg production was lower (36–42%) in all atrazine-exposed groups as compared to the controls. The decreases in cumulative egg production of atrazine-treated fish were significant by exposure day 24. Reductions in total egg production in atrazine treatment groups were most attributable to a reduced number of eggs ovulated by females in atrazine-treated tanks. Additionally, males exposed to atrazine had a greater number of abnormal germ cells. There was no effect of atrazine on gonadosomatic index, aromatase protein, or whole body 17 β-estradiol or testosterone. Our results suggest that atrazine reduces egg production through alteration of final maturation of oocytes. The reduced egg production observed in this study was very similar to our previously reported results for fathead minnow. This study provides further information with which to evaluate atrazine's risk to fish populations.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.05.022","usgsCitation":"Papoulias, D.M., Tillitt, D.E., Talykina, M.G., Whyte, J.J., and Richter, C., 2014, Atrazine reduces reproduction in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes): Aquatic Toxicology, v. 154, p. 230-239, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.05.022.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"230","endPage":"239","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-053237","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288654,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288653,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.05.022"}],"volume":"154","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7634e4b0abf75cf2bed4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Papoulias, Diana M. 0000-0002-5106-2469 dpapoulias@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5106-2469","contributorId":2726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papoulias","given":"Diana","email":"dpapoulias@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Talykina, Melaniya G.","contributorId":98646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talykina","given":"Melaniya","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whyte, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":100738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whyte","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Richter, Catherine A.","contributorId":100990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"Catherine A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}