As part of a program undertaken cooperatively by the Liberian Geological Survey and the U. S. Geological Survey, under the sponsorship of the Government of Liberia and the Agency for International Development, U. S. Department of State, Liberia was mapped by geologic and geophysical methods during the period 1965 to 1972.- The resulting geologic and geophysical maps are published in ten folios, each covering one quadrangle (see index map). The Monrovia quadrangle was systematically mapped by the author from June 1971 to July 1972. Field data provided by private companies and other members of the LGS-USGS project were used in map compilation, and are hereby acknowledged. Interpretation of gravity data (Behrendt and Wotorson, 1974, c), and total-intensity aeromagnetic and total count gamma radiation surveys (Behrendt and Wotorson, 1974, a, and b) were also used in the compilation, as were other unpublished geophysical data furnished by Behrendt and Wotorson (near-surface, regional magnetic component, and geologic correlations based on aeromagnetic and radiometric characteristics).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr74305","usgsCitation":"Thorman, C.H., 1974, Geologic map of the Monrovia Quadrangle, Liberia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-305, Report: 18 p.; 1 Plate: 40.05 x 26.77 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74305.","productDescription":"Report: 18 p.; 1 Plate: 40.05 x 26.77 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148282,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0305/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":350593,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0305/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":350594,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0305/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"Liberia","otherGeospatial":"Monrovia Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -11.5,\n 6\n ],\n [\n -10,\n 6\n ],\n [\n -10,\n 7\n ],\n [\n -11.5,\n 7\n ],\n [\n -11.5,\n 6\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696898","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorman, Charles H. cthorman@usgs.gov","contributorId":254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thorman","given":"Charles","email":"cthorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":7065,"text":"USGS emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":172501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16125,"text":"ofr74137 - 1974 - Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Wah Wah Valley drainage basin, Millard and Beaver counties, Utah","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16125,"text":"ofr74137 - 1974 - Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Wah Wah Valley drainage basin, Millard and Beaver counties, Utah","indexId":"ofr74137","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Wah Wah Valley drainage basin, Millard and Beaver counties, Utah"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70043778,"text":"70043778 - 1974 - Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Wah Wah Valley drainage basin, Millard and Beaver Counties, Utah","indexId":"70043778","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Wah Wah Valley drainage basin, Millard and Beaver Counties, Utah"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70043778,"text":"70043778 - 1974 - Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Wah Wah Valley drainage basin, Millard and Beaver Counties, Utah","indexId":"70043778","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Wah Wah Valley drainage basin, Millard and Beaver Counties, Utah"},"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T18:00:18","indexId":"ofr74137","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-137","title":"Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Wah Wah Valley drainage basin, Millard and Beaver counties, Utah","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr74137","usgsCitation":"Stephens, J.C., 1974, Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Wah Wah Valley drainage basin, Millard and Beaver counties, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-137, 79 leaves :ill. (some folded, some col.), maps (some folded, some col.) ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74137.","productDescription":"79 leaves :ill. (some folded, some col.), maps (some folded, some col.) ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148507,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6054df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephens, Jerry C.","contributorId":81493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16469,"text":"ofr74255 - 1974 - Simulated effects of oil-shale development on the hydrology of Piceance basin, Colorado","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16469,"text":"ofr74255 - 1974 - Simulated effects of oil-shale development on the hydrology of Piceance basin, Colorado","indexId":"ofr74255","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Simulated effects of oil-shale development on the hydrology of Piceance basin, Colorado"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":5920,"text":"pp908 - 1974 - Simulated effects of oil-shale development on the hydrology of Piceance Basin, Colorado","indexId":"pp908","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Simulated effects of oil-shale development on the hydrology of Piceance Basin, Colorado"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":5920,"text":"pp908 - 1974 - Simulated effects of oil-shale development on the hydrology of Piceance Basin, Colorado","indexId":"pp908","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Simulated effects of oil-shale development on the hydrology of Piceance Basin, Colorado"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-24T18:45:02.003408","indexId":"ofr74255","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-255","title":"Simulated effects of oil-shale development on the hydrology of Piceance basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Piceance and Yellow Creeks drainage area is about 900 square miles (2,330 square kilometres) and is referred to as the Piceance basin, or simply as the basin. The surface-water and ground-water systems in the Piceance basin are intimately related. The annual volume of runoff from the basin (Piceance and Yellow Creeks) is estimated to be 15,650 acre-feet (19.2 cubic hectometres). About 80 percent of the annual runoff is supplied by ground-water discharge.
Runoff from the basin is affected by irrigation diversions and consumptive use by crops, native vegetation, and evporation. Streamflow depletions resulting from irrigation are estimated to be 4,800 acre-feet (5.9 cubic hectometres) per year. In the absence of irrigation, the mean annual runoff from the basin would be 20,450 acre-feet (25.2 cubic hectometres). The period of lowest flow normally occurs during spring and summer when irrigation diversions are greatest. Peak flows from snowmelt and thunderstorms also occur during this period. A regional analysis, using the index-flood method, was made to estimate flood frequencies in the absence of irrigation diversions for the gaging stations Piceance Creek at White River and Yellow Creek near White River. The estimated mean annual floods are 800 cubic feet per second (22.7 cubic metres per second) for Piceance Creek and 390 cubic feet per second (11.0 cubic metres per second) for Yellow Creek. The peak flow observed during the 5 years of record on Piceance Creek at White River was 407 cubic feet per second (11.5 cubic metres per second) or about one-half the estimated mean annual flood. Yellow Creek is only slightly affected by irrigation diversions and the peak flow for the single year of record was 468 cubic feet per second (13.3 cubic metres per second).
Irrigation return flows and ground-water discharge affect the quality of surface water in the Piceance basin. The concentration of dissolved solids ranges from less than 500 milligrams per litre in the upper reaches to more than 5,000 milligrams per litre in the lower reaches of Piceance Creek and from about 700 to 3,000 milligrams per litre in Yellow Creek. Water quality decreases in the downstream direction due to ground-water discharge from the Green River and Uinta Formations.
The ground-water system in the basin consists of two principal aquifers separated by the Mahogany zone in the Green River Formation. Recharge to the aquifers occurs mainly from snowmelt along the basin margins above 7,000 feet (2,130 metres) altitude. Ground water flows from the basin margins toward the north-central part of the basin where it is discharged in Piceance and Yellow Creek valleys as evapotranspiration and streamflow. Recharge and discharge from the aquifer system are estimated to average 26,100 acre-feet (32.2 cubic hectometres) annually. About 20 percent of the recharge is discharged in Yellow Creek drainage. Estimates of the volume of water in storage in the aquifers range from 2.5 to 25 million acre-feet (3,100 to 31,000 cubic hectometres).
Sodium minerals in the aquifer below the Mahogany zone are actively being dissolved by ground water. The Mahogany zone impedes the flow of water between the aquifers and large chemical differences have developed. Water in the upper aquifer generally has less than 2,000 millgrams per litre dissolved solids while that in the lower aquifer exceeds 30,000 milligrams per litre dissolved solids in the northern part of the basin.
Digital models were used to simulate the hydrologic system. A watershed model was adapted to the drainage above the gage on Piceance Creek below Ryan Gulch to evaluate the possible effects of precipitation changes on the hydrologic system due to the introduction of atmospheric pollutants from oil-shale development or cloud seeding. A 10-percent decrease and 10- and 20-percent increases in the October to May precipitation were examined. It was found that each 10-percent change in precipitation results in a 40-percent change in ground-water recharge. The model study indicates that a 10-percent decrease in October-May precipitation results in a 30-percent decrease in mean annual runoff while 10-and 20-percent increases in precipitation result in 40- and 85 percent increases in mean annual runoff.
A digital model of the ground-water system was used to evaluate the effects of mine dewatering on the hydrologic system. Hypothetical mines in oil-shale lease tracts C-a and C-b were considered. Both mines were assumed to be in the Mahogany zone and to be 4 square miles (5.2 square kilometres) in area. Dewatering of the mines was assumed to occur simultaneously for a period of 30 years. For the hypothetical dewatering scheme simulated, the model study indicates that the mine in tract C-a will not produce enough water to meet the demand for processing and disposal of oil shale while the mine in tract C-b will produce water in excess of the demand. The concentration of dissolved solids of the water discharged from the mines may not exceed 5,000 milligrams per litre for the hypothetical dewatering scheme considered.
Dewatering the hypothetical mines will only slightly affect groundwater discharge in the Yellow Creek drainage. However, after 30 years of dewatering, the model indicates that ground-water discharge will cease in a 10-mile (16-kilometre) reach of Piceance Creek near tract C-b.
The decrease in ground-water discharge in this reach could cause an increase in the concentration of dissolved solids in the downstream reach of Piceance Creek. After 30 years of dewatering, the hydraulic head in the aquifers is decreased in 75 percent of the basin area and about 500,000 acre-feet (620 cubic hectometres) of water are removed from storage in the aquifers.
It is concluded that oil-shale development will have significant effects on the surface- and ground-waters systems in the Piceance basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr74255","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Weeks, J., Leavesley, G.H., Welder, F.A., and Saulnier, G.J., 1974, Simulated effects of oil-shale development on the hydrology of Piceance basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-255, ix, 142 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74255.","productDescription":"ix, 142 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422907,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0255/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150407,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0255/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Piceance basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.97161944613201,\n 40.667915697093264\n ],\n [\n -108.97161944613201,\n 39.34681427946842\n ],\n [\n -107.64227374300692,\n 39.34681427946842\n ],\n [\n -107.64227374300692,\n 40.667915697093264\n ],\n [\n -108.97161944613201,\n 40.667915697093264\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f35b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weeks, John B.","contributorId":36123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leavesley, George H. george@usgs.gov","contributorId":1202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"George","email":"george@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":172900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Welder, Frank A.","contributorId":32173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welder","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Saulnier, George J. Jr.","contributorId":108133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saulnier","given":"George","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":16435,"text":"ofr74258 - 1974 - Geology of quadrangles H-12, H-13, and parts of I-12 and I-13, (zone III) in northeastern Santander Department, Colombia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:09","indexId":"ofr74258","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-258","title":"Geology of quadrangles H-12, H-13, and parts of I-12 and I-13, (zone III) in northeastern Santander Department, Colombia","docAbstract":"A program of geologic mapping and mineral investigation in Colombia was undertaken cooperatively by the Colombian Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Geologico-Mineras (formerly known as the Inventario Minero Nacional), and the U. S. Geological Survey; by the Government of Colombia and the Agency for International Development, U. S. Department of State. The purpose was to study, and evaluate mineral resources (excluding of petroleum, coal, emeralds, and alluvial gold) of four selected areas, designated Zones I to IV, that total about 70,000 km2. The work in Zone III, in the Cordillera Oriental, was done from 1965 to 1968. \r\n\r\nThe northeast trend of the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia swings abruptly to north-northwest in the area of this report, and divides around the southern end of the Maracaibo Basin. This section of the Cordillera Oriental is referred to as the Santander Massif.\r\n\r\nRadiometric age determinations indicate that the oldest rocks of the Santander massif are Precambrian and include high-grade gneiss, schist, and migmatite of the Bucaramanga Formation. These rocks were probably part of the Precambrian Guayana Shield. Low- to medium-grade metamorphic rocks of late Precambrian to Ordovician age .include phyllite, schist, metasiltstone, metasandstone, and marble of the Silgara Formation, a geosynclinal series of considerable extent in the Cordillera Oriental and possibly the Cordillera de Merida of Venezuela. Orthogneiss ranging from granite to tonalite is widely distributed in the high- and medium-grade metamorphic rocks of the central core of the massif and probably represents rocks of two ages, Precambrian and Ordovician to Early Devonian. Younger orthogneiss and the Silgara are overlain by Middle Devonian beds of the Floresta Formation which show a generally low but varying degree of metamorphism. Phyllite and argillite are common, and infrequent marble and other calcareous beds are fossiliferous. Except for recrystallization in limestones of !the Permian-Carboniferous Diamante Formation, sedimentary rocks younger than Devonian are unmetamorphosed.\r\n\r\nThe effects of Precambrian regional dynamothermal metamorphism and plutonism on Precambrian geosynclinal deposits reached the upper amphibolite facies in the Bucaramanga Gneiss. The geosynclinal Silgara Formation was subjected to similar conditions in Late Ordovician and Early Silurian time but reached only the greenschist or lower amphibolite facies. Orthogneisses generally show a concordance of foliation and lineation with the neighboring Silgara Formation and the Bucaramanga Gneiss as well as similarities in grade of metamorphism. Regional dynamothermal metamorphism in Late Permian and Triassic time reached, low grade in the Floresta Formation and caused recrystallization of limestone of the Diamante Formation. \r\n\r\nThe Bucaramanga and Silgara metamorphic rocks show evidence of metrogressive metamorphism accompanied by high activity or potassium and water, but whether this occurred at the time the Floresta was metamorphosed or later is not clear. \r\n\r\nBatholiths, plutons, and stocks of igneous rocks in the Santander massif range from diorite to granite. Radioactive age data indicate that most belong to a single plutonic interval. These are referred to as the Santander Plutoniq Group and are Jurassic and Jurassic-Triassic- Two suites of this group are pink granite and quartz monzonite, and gray quartz monzonite and granodiorite. Contact relations indicate that the pink and more granitic rocks are younger than the gray and more mafic rocks, but radioactive age data are in conflict with this. Undated plutonic rocks that are not clearly related to the group are assigned to relatively older or younger age positions.\r\n\r\nWest of the Bucanamanga fault rhyolite makes up a small body at one locality and forms an intrusive sheet with granophyre and intrusive breccias in Triassic sedimentary rocks at another locality. Its age is unknown, but it probably is younger than the","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr74258","usgsCitation":"Ward, D.E., Goldsmith, R., Cruz, J.B., and Restrepo, H.A., 1974, Geology of quadrangles H-12, H-13, and parts of I-12 and I-13, (zone III) in northeastern Santander Department, Colombia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-258, x, 467 leaves :folded col. maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74258.","productDescription":"x, 467 leaves :folded col. maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0258/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45403,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0258/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45404,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0258/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45405,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0258/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45406,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0258/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45407,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0258/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45408,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0258/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45409,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0258/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45410,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0258/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45411,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0258/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45412,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0258/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45413,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0258/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45414,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0258/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6835a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, Dwight Edward","contributorId":50499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"Dwight","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldsmith, Richard","contributorId":33283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldsmith","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cruz, Jaime B.","contributorId":29444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cruz","given":"Jaime","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Restrepo, Hernan A.","contributorId":8865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Restrepo","given":"Hernan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":16119,"text":"ofr74217 - 1974 - An assessment of areal and temporal variations in streamflow quality using selected data from the National Stream Quality Accounting Network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-03T14:24:40","indexId":"ofr74217","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-217","title":"An assessment of areal and temporal variations in streamflow quality using selected data from the National Stream Quality Accounting Network","docAbstract":"Streamflow chemical-quality data and stream-temperature data at 88 stations throughout the United States and Puerto Rico were analyzed to develop and to evaluate methodologies for the general assessment of the variation of the Nation's streamflow-quality conditions in space and over time. The spatial variation is described by the use of sample statistics such as minima, maxima, and means of the variables at each station. The temporal variation is described by using nonparametric statistical testing procedures to assess time trends in the data at each station.
Evaluation of the coefficients (mean, amplitude, phase coefficient] derived by harmonic analysis of available daily stream-temperature records indicates adequate depiction of yearly seasonal variability and provides information relative to spatial variation in stream temperatures at most sites. Lowest harmonic amplitudes, which are indicative of little seasonal variability in stream temperature, were observed in Florida, along the eastern Gulf coast, and along the Pacific coast. Greatest annual variations in stream temperature exists in the Souris, Red (of the North), and Missouri River basins.
Temporal variations in stream temperature denoted by significant changes (at the 99 percent level of confidence) in annual harmonic coefficients were indicated at 15 of 80 stations used in the evaluation. Trends in stream temperature were found to exist at one or more stations in each of the six following areas: the Atlantic coast above Florida; Florida and the eastern Gulf; the Souris River, Red River of the North, and Missouri River basins; the Texas Gulf and Rio Grande area; the Colorado River basin; and the Pacific coast area.
Significant trends (at the 99 percent level of confidence) were found in the long-term streamflow chemical quality record at 15 of 88 stations analyzed. Of these stations, 10 showed an increase in levels of specific conductances while 5- showed a decrease. Trends were indicated for water-quality data from stations located in the following areas: the Atlantic coast above Florida; the Souris River, Red River of the North, and Missouri River basins; the Arkansas and Red River basins; the Texas Gulf and Rio Grande area; the Colorado River basin; and the Pacific coast area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr74217","usgsCitation":"Steele, T.D., Gilroy, E.J., and Hawkinson, R.O., 1974, An assessment of areal and temporal variations in streamflow quality using selected data from the National Stream Quality Accounting Network: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-217, vi, 210 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74217.","productDescription":"vi, 210 p.","numberOfPages":"216","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":148277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0217/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45043,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0217/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684b2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steele, Timothy Doak","contributorId":88723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"Doak","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilroy, Edward J.","contributorId":50524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilroy","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hawkinson, Richard O.","contributorId":94656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawkinson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":16424,"text":"ofr74302 - 1974 - Geology of the Bopolu Quadrangle, Liberia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16424,"text":"ofr74302 - 1974 - Geology of the Bopolu Quadrangle, Liberia","indexId":"ofr74302","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of the Bopolu Quadrangle, Liberia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":67349,"text":"i772D - 1977 - Geologic map of the Bopolu Quadrangle, Liberia","indexId":"i772D","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Geologic map of the Bopolu Quadrangle, Liberia"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":67349,"text":"i772D - 1977 - Geologic map of the Bopolu Quadrangle, Liberia","indexId":"i772D","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Bopolu Quadrangle, Liberia"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-24T16:53:14","indexId":"ofr74302","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-302","title":"Geology of the Bopolu Quadrangle, Liberia","docAbstract":"As part of a program undertaken cooperatively by the Liberian Geological Survey (LGS) and the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS), under the sponsorship of the Government of Liberia and the Agency for International Development, U. S. Department of State, Liberia was mapped by geologic and geophysical methods during the period 1965 to 1972. The resulting:geologic and geophysical maps are published in ten folios, each covering one quadrangle (see index map). The Bopolu quadrangle was systematically mapped by the author in late 1970. Field data provided by private companies and other members of the LGS-USGS project were used in map compilation, and are hereby acknowledged. Limited gravity data (Behrendt and Wotorson, in press ), and total-intensity aeromagnetic and total-count gamma radiation surveys (Behrendt and Wotorson, 1974, a and b) were also used in compilation, as were other unpublished geophysical data (near-surface, regional magnetic component, and geologic correlations based on aeromagnetic and radiometric characteristics) furnished by Behrendt and Wotorson.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr74302","usgsCitation":"Wallace, R.M., 1974, Geology of the Bopolu Quadrangle, Liberia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-302, Report: 13 p.; 1 Plate: 38.65 x 24.04 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74302.","productDescription":"Report: 13 p.; 1 Plate: 38.65 x 24.04 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0302/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":350591,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0302/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":350592,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0302/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"Liberia","otherGeospatial":"Bopolu Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -11.4,\n 7\n ],\n [\n -10,\n 7\n ],\n [\n -10,\n 8\n ],\n [\n -11.4,\n 8\n ],\n [\n -11.4,\n 7\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6833d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallace, Roberts Manning","contributorId":22372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Roberts","email":"","middleInitial":"Manning","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16401,"text":"ofr741120 - 1974 - Subbottom acoustic reflection profiles, Cape San Martin to Point Sal, south-central California offshore","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:02","indexId":"ofr741120","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-1120","title":"Subbottom acoustic reflection profiles, Cape San Martin to Point Sal, south-central California offshore","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr741120","usgsCitation":"Wagner, H.C., 1974, Subbottom acoustic reflection profiles, Cape San Martin to Point Sal, south-central California offshore: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-1120, 1 microfilm reel ;16 mm.; 96 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr741120.","productDescription":"1 microfilm reel ;16 mm.; 96 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/1120/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45371,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/1120/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45372,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/1120/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45373,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/1120/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699c32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, Holly Clyde","contributorId":96238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"Clyde","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16437,"text":"ofr74124 - 1974 - Development and evaluation of a prototype global volcanic surveillance system utilizing the ERTS-1 satellite data collection system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-16T22:08:58.135608","indexId":"ofr74124","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-124","title":"Development and evaluation of a prototype global volcanic surveillance system utilizing the ERTS-1 satellite data collection system","docAbstract":"The ERTS Data Collection System makes it feasible for the first time to monitor the level of activity at widely separated volcanoes and to relay these data rapidly to one central office for analysis. This capability opens a new era in volcanology where the hundreds of normally quiescent but potentially dangerous volcanoes near populated regions around the world can be economically and reliably monitored daily to warn when any one volcano is becoming active again. Before ERTS was launched only a few volcanoes in the world were monitored continuously because of the high cost of building and staffing volcano observatories. Yet it is known from data collected in this century, that while visible signs of pending eruptions may occur only minutes to days in advance, invisible but measurable signs may be detected days, weeks, months and even years before a major eruption. While prediction of specific eruptions is still an elusive goal, early warning of a reawakening of activity at quiescent volcanoes is now a distinct possibility.
A prototype volcano surveillance system was established during the latter part of 1972 and early 1973 on 15 volcanoes in Alaska, Hawaii, Washington, California, Iceland, Guatemala, El Salvador, and Nicaragua. Nineteen seismic detectors that count four different sizes of earthquakes and six biaxial borehole tiltmeters that measure ground tilt with a resolution of 1 microradian have been installed. Data from these instruments are relayed through the ERTS satellite and through a teletype link to the U.S. Geological Survey Office in Menlo Park for rapid analysis. Only seismic and tilt data are collected because these have been shown in the past to indicate most reliably the level of volcanic activity and also because they can be measured relatively easily with available instrumentation. Experience during this project demonstrates the feasibility of building inexpensive, low power, reliable instruments that can be installed in remote locations and can be expected to run unattended for a few years.
Comparison of the data from these new earthquake counters with data from nearby standard seismometers shows that the counters do normally indicate the level of seismic activity. During periods of high seismic background noise there may be a significant number of spurious counts but the existence and duration of such noisy periods are reliably indicated by other data collected by the earthquake counters. An eruption of Volcan Fuego in Guatemala was preceded by an order of magnitude increase in the number of seismic-event counts several days before.
The tiltmeters operated stably in several different environments. A twenty-microradian collapse of the summit of Kilauea Volcano in Hawaii was observed on three tiltmeters.
This initial experiment shows that now with the advent of inexpensive satellite telemetry it is both technologically and economically feasible to build a global volcano surveillance system. Several details in the design and deployment of appropriate low-power, inexpensive, and reliable instruments still need to be worked out. Work continues to evaluate the scientific feasibility of this system by collecting and analyzing data that clearly demonstrate the ability of this system to detect changes in volcanic activity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr74124","usgsCitation":"Ward, P.L., Endo, E.T., Harlow, D.H., Allen, R., Marquez, D., and Eaton, J.P., 1974, Development and evaluation of a prototype global volcanic surveillance system utilizing the ERTS-1 satellite data collection system: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-124, ii, 154 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74124.","productDescription":"ii, 154 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148331,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0124/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":425768,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0124/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db66727f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, Peter L.","contributorId":86324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Endo, Elliot T.","contributorId":10439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Endo","given":"Elliot","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harlow, David H.","contributorId":15198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harlow","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, Rex","contributorId":42227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Rex","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marquez, Dan","contributorId":99158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marquez","given":"Dan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eaton, Jerry P.","contributorId":22341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":16189,"text":"ofr74197 - 1974 - Recommendations for the study and appraisal of oil-shale deposits in Jordan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-22T21:09:05.152213","indexId":"ofr74197","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-197","title":"Recommendations for the study and appraisal of oil-shale deposits in Jordan","docAbstract":"A geologic-geochemical evaluation conducted October 5-24, 1968, both in the field area and in the laboratories has shown the Upper Cretaceous oil shale in the El Lajjun area of central Jordan to be one of Jordan's major natural mineral resources. Continued but slightly modified investigations are strongly recommended to determine the exact volume and quality of this oil shale. Further, a study to determine the most efficient processes of extraction of the oil and possible co-products should be initiated.
The economic potential of the oil shale is excellent, but the actual exploitation of this rock will depend on national economic and political factors that cannot be interpreted at this time. From a realistic point of view, regardless of these factors which inevitably change with time, systematic investigations and planning for construction of extraction plants for domestic production of fuel and/or other products from the oil shale should be completed at the earliest possible date, to assure rapid utilization of this mineral resource when necessary.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr74197","usgsCitation":"Swanson, V.E., 1974, Recommendations for the study and appraisal of oil-shale deposits in Jordan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-197, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74197.","productDescription":"25 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420050,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0197/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148588,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0197/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Jordan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 35.126444377981585,\n 32.814823121790724\n ],\n [\n 35.126444377981585,\n 29.2136087003626\n ],\n [\n 38.88766558353194,\n 29.2136087003626\n ],\n [\n 38.88766558353194,\n 32.814823121790724\n ],\n [\n 35.126444377981585,\n 32.814823121790724\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db64455d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, Vernon Emanuel","contributorId":59014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Vernon","email":"","middleInitial":"Emanuel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16683,"text":"ofr74221 - 1974 - Geothermal investigations in Idaho, Part 2, An evaluation of thermal water in the Bruneau-Grand View area, southwest Idaho, with a section on a reconnaissance audio-magnetotelluric survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-18T22:35:13.316971","indexId":"ofr74221","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-221","title":"Geothermal investigations in Idaho, Part 2, An evaluation of thermal water in the Bruneau-Grand View area, southwest Idaho, with a section on a reconnaissance audio-magnetotelluric survey","docAbstract":"The Bruneau-Grand View area occupies about 1,100 square miles in southwest Idaho and is on the southern flank of the large depression (possibly a graben) in which lies the western Snake River Plain. The igneous and sedimentary rocks in the area range in age from Late Cretaceous to Holocene. They are transected by a prominent system of northwest-trending faults. For discussion purposes, the aquifers in the area have been separated into two broad units: (1) the volcanic-rock aquifers, and (2) the overlying sedimentary-rock aquifers. The Idavada Volcanics or underlying rock units probably constitute the reservoir that contains thermal water.\r\n\r\nAn audio-magnetotelluric survey indicates that a large conductive zone having apparent resistivities approaching 2 ohm-metres underlies a part of the area at a relatively shallow depth.\r\n\r\nChemical analysis of 94 water samples collected in 1973 show that the thermal waters in the area are of a sodium bicarbonate type. Although dissolved-solids concentrations of water ranged from 181 to 1,100 milligrams per litre (mg/l) in the volcanic-rock aquifers, they were generally less than 500 mg/l. Measured chloride concentrations of water in the volcanic-rock aquifers were less than 20 mg/l.\r\n\r\nTemperatures of water from wells and springs ranged from 9.5 to 83.0 degrees C. Temperatures of water from the volcanic-rock aquifers ranged from 40.0 to 83.0 degrees C, whereas temperatures of water from the sedimentary-rock aquifers seldom exceeded 35 degrees C. Aquifer temperatures at depth, as estimated by silica and sodium-potassium-calcium geochemical thermometers, probably do not exceed 150 degrees C. However, a mixed-water geochemical thermometer indicates that temperatures at depth may exceed 180 degrees C.\r\n\r\nThe gas in water from the volcanic-rock aquifers is composed chiefly of atmospheric oxygen and nitrogen. Methane gas (probably derived from organic material) was also found in some water from the sedimentary-rock aquifers.\r\n\r\nThe thermal waters in the area are believed to be heated by deep circulation in a zone of high geothermal gradient resulting from thinning of the earth?s crust.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr74221","usgsCitation":"Young, H., Whitehead, R., Hoover, D.B., and Tippens, C.L., 1974, Geothermal investigations in Idaho, Part 2, An evaluation of thermal water in the Bruneau-Grand View area, southwest Idaho, with a section on a reconnaissance audio-magnetotelluric survey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-221, Report: 147 p.; 5 Plates: 34.74 × 23.89 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74221.","productDescription":"Report: 147 p.; 5 Plates: 34.74 × 23.89 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":45760,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0221/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45759,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0221/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45758,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0221/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45757,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0221/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45756,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0221/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45755,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0221/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149043,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0221/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":391899,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_15032.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Bruneau - Grand View area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.505,\n 42.568\n ],\n [\n -115.541,\n 42.568\n ],\n [\n -115.541,\n 43.176\n ],\n [\n -116.505,\n 43.176\n ],\n [\n -116.505,\n 42.568\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b01b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, H.W.","contributorId":68278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitehead, R.L.","contributorId":34891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitehead","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoover, Donald B.","contributorId":89877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoover","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tippens, C. L.","contributorId":8471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tippens","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":16663,"text":"ofr743 - 1974 - Procedure for processing analog strip-chart records from creepmeters and strainmeters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-01T18:46:04.375424","indexId":"ofr743","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-3","title":"Procedure for processing analog strip-chart records from creepmeters and strainmeters","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr743","usgsCitation":"Yamashita, P., Goodreau, D., and Jones, A., 1974, Procedure for processing analog strip-chart records from creepmeters and strainmeters: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-3, iii, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr743.","productDescription":"iii, 78 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150351,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0003/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":493365,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0003/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db6609e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yamashita, P.A.","contributorId":50536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yamashita","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goodreau, D.D.","contributorId":46547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodreau","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, A.C.","contributorId":26302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":16070,"text":"ofr74178 - 1974 - Gravel resources, urbanization, and future land use, Front Range Urban Corridor, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-29T19:31:01.932722","indexId":"ofr74178","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-178","title":"Gravel resources, urbanization, and future land use, Front Range Urban Corridor, Colorado","docAbstract":"An assessment of gravel needs in Front Range Urban Corridor markets to 2000 A.D., based on forecast population increases and urbanization, indicates that adequate resources to meet anticipated needs are potentially available, if future land use does not preclude their extraction. 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Sal, south-central California offshore","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:02","indexId":"ofr74252","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-252","title":"Marine geology between Cape San Martin and Pt. Sal, south-central California offshore","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr74252","usgsCitation":"Wagner, H.C., 1974, Marine geology between Cape San Martin and Pt. Sal, south-central California offshore: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-252, [iii], 17 leaves :ill., maps ;27 cm.; (21 p., 4 sheets - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74252.","productDescription":"[iii], 17 leaves :ill., maps ;27 cm.; (21 p., 4 sheets - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0252/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45365,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0252/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45366,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0252/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45367,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0252/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45368,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0252/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606cae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, Holly Clyde","contributorId":96238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"Clyde","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16426,"text":"ofr74329 - 1974 - Distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus in the conservation areas in South Florida from July 1972 to June 1973","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:13","indexId":"ofr74329","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-329","title":"Distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus in the conservation areas in South Florida from July 1972 to June 1973","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"[s.n.],","doi":"10.3133/ofr74329","usgsCitation":"Waller, B.G., 1974, Distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus in the conservation areas in South Florida from July 1972 to June 1973: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-329, 43 leaves :ill., maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74329.","productDescription":"43 leaves :ill., maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640898","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waller, Bradley G.","contributorId":83492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16330,"text":"ofr74309 - 1974 - Geology of the Juazohn Quadrangle, Liberia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16330,"text":"ofr74309 - 1974 - Geology of the Juazohn Quadrangle, Liberia","indexId":"ofr74309","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of the Juazohn Quadrangle, Liberia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":67279,"text":"i779D - 1977 - Geologic map of the Juazohn Quadrangle, Liberia","indexId":"i779D","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Geologic map of the Juazohn Quadrangle, Liberia"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":67279,"text":"i779D - 1977 - Geologic map of the Juazohn Quadrangle, Liberia","indexId":"i779D","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Juazohn Quadrangle, Liberia"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-13T19:17:01.659937","indexId":"ofr74309","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-309","title":"Geology of the Juazohn Quadrangle, Liberia","docAbstract":"As part of a program undertaken cooperatively by the Liberian Geological Survey (LGS) and the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS), under the sponsorship of the Government of Liberia and the Agency for International Development, U. S. Department of State, Liberia was mapped by geologic and geophysical methods during the period 1965 to 1972. The resulting geologic and geophysical maps are published in ten folios, each covering one quadrangle (see index map). The Juazohn quadrangle was systematically mapped by the author from December 1970 to June 1972. Field data provided by private companies and other members of the LGS-USGS project were used in map compilation, and are hereby acknowledged.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr74309","usgsCitation":"Tysdal, R.G., 1974, Geology of the Juazohn Quadrangle, Liberia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-309, Report: 14 p.; 1 Plate: 44.61 x 26.66 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr74309.","productDescription":"Report: 14 p.; 1 Plate: 44.61 x 26.66 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":423515,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0309/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":423514,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0309/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149453,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0309/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"250000","country":"Liberia","otherGeospatial":"Juazohn Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -9,5 ], [ -9,6 ], [ -7.333333333333333,6 ], [ -7.333333333333333,5 ], [ -9,5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67fe0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tysdal, Russell G.","contributorId":1700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tysdal","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":172639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":15868,"text":"ofr7485 - 1974 - Project evaluation of \"investigation and analysis of floods from small drainage areas New Mexico\"; 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