Bathymetric and velocimetric data were collected six times by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Kansas Department of Transportation, in the vicinity of Amelia Earhart Bridge on U.S. Highway 59 over the Missouri River at Atchison, Kansas. A multibeam echosounder mapping system and an acoustic Doppler current meter were used to obtain channel-bed elevations and depth-averaged velocities for a river reach approximately 2,300 feet long and extending across the active channel of the Missouri River. The bathymetric and velocimetric surveys provide a “snapshot” of the channel conditions at the time of each survey, and document changes to the channel-bed elevations and velocities during the course of construction of a new bridge for U.S. Highway 59 downstream from the Amelia Earhart Bridge.
\nThe baseline survey in June 2009 revealed substantial scour holes existed at the railroad bridge piers upstream from and at pier 10 of the Amelia Earhart Bridge, with mostly uniform flow and velocities throughout the study reach. After the construction of a trestle and cofferdam on the left (eastern) bank downstream from the Amelia Earhart Bridge, a survey on June 2, 2010, revealed scour holes with similar size and shape as the baseline for similar flow conditions, with slightly higher velocities and a more substantial contraction of flow near the bridges than the baseline. Subsequent surveys during flooding conditions in June 2010 and July 2011 revealed substantial scour near the bridges compared to the baseline survey caused by the contraction of flow; however, the larger flood in July 2011 resulted in less scour than in June 2010, partly because the removal of the cofferdam for pier 5 of the new bridge in March 2011 diminished the contraction near the bridges. Generally, the downstream part of the study reach exhibited varying amounts of scour in all of the surveys except the last when compared to the baseline. During the final survey, velocities throughout the study area were the lowest of all the surveys, resulting in overall deposition throughout the reach compared to the baseline survey—despite the presence of the trestle in the final survey.
\nThe multiple surveys at the Amelia Earhart Bridge document the effects of moderate- to high-flow conditions on scour, compounded by the effects of adding and removing a constriction in the channel. Additional factors such as pier shape and angle of approach flow also were documented.
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U.S. Geological Survey
302 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
http://www.usgs.gov/core_science_systems/
csas/index.html
http://gapanalysis.usgs.gov/
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) led seismic acquisition in the Gulf of Mexico from April 18 to May 3, 2013, collecting ocean-bottom seismometer (OBS) and high-resolution 2D data at lease blocks Green Canyon 955 (GC955) and Walker Ridge 313 (WR313). This collaborative effort among the U.S Department of Energy (DOE), the U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) and the USGS was conducted to provide improved imaging and characterization of the known gas hydrate accumulations at these study sites.
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The U.S. Geological Survey Greater Everglades \nPriority Ecosystems Science provides support for the Everglades Depth Estimation Network in order for the Network \nto provide quality-assured monitoring data for the U.S. Army \nCorps of Engineers Comprehensive Everglades Restoration \nPlan. In a previous study, water-level estimation equations \nwere developed to fill in missing data to increase the accuracy of the daily water-surface elevation model. During this \nstudy, those equations were updated because of the addition \nand removal of water-level gaging stations, the consistent use \nof water-level data relative to the North American Vertical \nDatum of 1988, and availability of recent data (March 1, 2006, \nto September 30, 2011). Up to three linear regression equations were developed for each station by using three different \ninput stations to minimize the occurrences of missing data \nfor an input station. 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Sources of water resources information are listed below.
National Water Information System (NWIS)
National Water Quality Assessment (NAWOA)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133072","usgsCitation":"Shaffer, K.H., 2016, U.S. Geological Survey water resources Internet tools (ver. 1.1 August 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Fact 2013–3072, 2 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20133072.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278898,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3072/pdf/fs20133072.pdf","size":"6.31 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2013-3072"},{"id":325346,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3072/versionHist.txt","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"FS 2013-3072"},{"id":278899,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3072/index.html","description":"FS 2013-3072"},{"id":278900,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3072/images/coverthbr.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted November 7, 2013; Version 1.1: August 10, 2016","contact":"Office of Surface Water
U.S. Geological Survey
415 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
http://water.usgs.gov/osw/
Precise monitoring of agricultural crop biomass and yield quantities is critical for crop production management and prediction. The goal of this study was to compare hyperspectral narrowband (HNB) versus multispectral broadband (MBB) reflectance data in studying irrigated cropland characteristics of five leading world crops (cotton, wheat, maize, rice, and alfalfa) with the objectives of: 1. Modeling crop productivity, and 2. Discriminating crop types. HNB data were obtained from Hyperion hyperspectral imager and field ASD spectroradiometer, and MBB data were obtained from five broadband sensors: Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM +), Advanced Land Imager (ALI), Indian Remote Sensing (IRS), IKONOS, and QuickBird. A large collection of field spectral and biophysical variables were gathered for the 5 crops in Central Asia throughout the growing seasons of 2006 and 2007. Overall, the HNB and hyperspectral vegetation index (HVI) crop biophysical models explained about 25% greater variability when compared with corresponding MBB models. Typically, 3 to 7 HNBs, in multiple linear regression models of a given crop variable, explained more than 93% of variability in crop models. The evaluation of λ1 (400–2500 nm) versus λ2 (400–2500 nm) plots of various crop biophysical variables showed that the best two-band normalized difference HVIs involved HNBs centered at: (i) 742 nm and 1175 nm (HVI742-1175), (ii) 1296 nm and 1054 nm (HVI1296-1054), (iii) 1225 nm and 697 nm (HVI1225-697), and (iv) 702 nm and 1104 nm (HVI702-1104). Among the most frequently occurring HNBs in various crop biophysical models, 74% were located in the 1051–2331 nm spectral range, followed by 10% in the moisture sensitive 970 nm, 6% in the red and red-edge (630–752 nm), and the remaining 10% distributed between blue (400–500 nm), green (501–600 nm), and NIR (760–900 nm).
Discriminant models, used for discriminating 3 or 4 or 5 crop types, showed significantly higher accuracies when using HNBs (> 90%) over MBBs data (varied between 45 and 84%).
Finally, the study highlighted 29 HNBs of Hyperion that are optimal in the study of agricultural crops and potentially significant to the upcoming NASA HyspIRI mission. Determining optimal and redundant bands for a given application will help overcoming the Hughes' phenomenon (or curse of high dimensionality of data).
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2013.08.002","usgsCitation":"Mariotto, I., Thenkabail, P.S., Huete, A., Slonecker, E.T., and Platonov, A., 2013, Hyperspectral versus multispectral crop-productivity modeling and type discrimination for the HyspIRI mission: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 139, p. 291-305, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.08.002.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"305","ipdsId":"IP-037397","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36171,"text":"National Civil Applications Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278897,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Uzbekistan","otherGeospatial":"Syr Darya River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 68.704655,40.8555 ], [ 68.704655,40.885405 ], [ 68.719804,40.885405 ], [ 68.719804,40.8555 ], [ 68.704655,40.8555 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"139","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527cb952e4b0850ea050a8d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mariotto, Isabella","contributorId":14140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mariotto","given":"Isabella","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thenkabail, Prasad S. 0000-0002-2182-8822 pthenkabail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2182-8822","contributorId":570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenkabail","given":"Prasad","email":"pthenkabail@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huete, Alfredo","contributorId":48337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huete","given":"Alfredo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Slonecker, E. Terrence 0000-0002-5793-0503","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5793-0503","contributorId":67175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slonecker","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Terrence","affiliations":[{"id":36171,"text":"National Civil Applications Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Platonov, Alexander","contributorId":39965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Platonov","given":"Alexander","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70048857,"text":"ofr20131087 - 2013 - Physical, chemical, and isotopic data from groundwater in the watershed of Mirror Lake, and in the vicinity of Hubbard Brook, near West Thornton, New Hampshire, 1983 to 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-14T16:11:31","indexId":"ofr20131087","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-07T08:22:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1087","title":"Physical, chemical, and isotopic data from groundwater in the watershed of Mirror Lake, and in the vicinity of Hubbard Brook, near West Thornton, New Hampshire, 1983 to 1997","docAbstract":"Research on the hydrogeologic setting of Mirror Lake near West Thornton, New Hampshire (43° 56.5’ N, 71° 41.5’ W), includes the study of the physical, chemical, and isotopic characteristics of groundwater in the vicinity of the lake and nearby Hubbard Brook. Presented here are those physical, chemical, and isotopic data for the period 1983 to 1997. Data were collected from observation wells installed in glacial drift and bedrock, as well as from one domestic well in the general area of the lake and Hubbard Brook. Also presented are data for Mirror Lake for August 1, 1993, to place groundwater data in context with chemical and isotopic characteristics of the lake.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131087","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Institute of Ecosystem Studies","usgsCitation":"LaBaugh, J.W., Harte, P.T., Shapiro, A.M., Hsieh, P.A., Johnson, C.D., Goode, D., Wood, W., Buso, D.C., Likens, G.E., and Winter, T.C., 2013, Physical, chemical, and isotopic data from groundwater in the watershed of Mirror Lake, and in the vicinity of Hubbard Brook, near West Thornton, New Hampshire, 1983 to 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1087, viii, 147 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131087.","productDescription":"viii, 147 p.","numberOfPages":"155","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":494,"text":"Office of Groundwater","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278895,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131087.gif"},{"id":278893,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1087/"},{"id":278894,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1087/pdf/of2013-1087.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"Mirror Lake;West Thornton","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.847,43.852 ], [ -71.847,44.03 ], [ -71.560,44.03 ], [ -71.560,43.852 ], [ -71.847,43.852 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527cb954e4b0850ea050a8d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaBaugh, James W. 0000-0002-4112-2536 jlabaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4112-2536","contributorId":1311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaBaugh","given":"James","email":"jlabaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harte, Philip T. 0000-0002-7718-1204 ptharte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-1204","contributorId":1008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harte","given":"Philip","email":"ptharte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shapiro, Allen M. 0000-0002-6425-9607 ashapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":2164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Allen","email":"ashapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hsieh, Paul A. 0000-0003-4873-4874 pahsieh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-4874","contributorId":1634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"Paul","email":"pahsieh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":39113,"text":"WMA - Office of Quality Assurance","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Carole D. 0000-0001-6941-1578 cjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-1578","contributorId":1891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Carole","email":"cjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Goode, Daniel J. 0000-0002-8527-2456 djgoode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-2456","contributorId":2433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goode","given":"Daniel J.","email":"djgoode@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wood, Warren W.","contributorId":47770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Warren W.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":485752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Buso, Donald C.","contributorId":33212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buso","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Likens, Gene E.","contributorId":56363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Likens","given":"Gene","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70048835,"text":"70048835 - 2013 - Detection of salt marsh vegetation stress and recovery after the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in Barataria Bay, Gulf of Mexico using AVIRIS data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-06T13:40:53","indexId":"70048835","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-06T13:35:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection of salt marsh vegetation stress and recovery after the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in Barataria Bay, Gulf of Mexico using AVIRIS data","docAbstract":"The British Petroleum Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico was the biggest oil spill in US history. To assess the impact of the oil spill on the saltmarsh plant community, we examined Advanced Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data flown over Barataria Bay, Louisiana in September 2010 and August 2011. Oil contamination was mapped using oil absorption features in pixel spectra and used to examine impact of oil along the oiled shorelines. Results showed that vegetation stress was restricted to the tidal zone extending 14 m inland from the shoreline in September 2010. Four indexes of plant stress and three indexes of canopy water content all consistently showed that stress was highest in pixels next to the shoreline and decreased with increasing distance from the shoreline. Index values along the oiled shoreline were significantly lower than those along the oil-free shoreline. Regression of index values with respect to distance from oil showed that in 2011, index values were no longer correlated with proximity to oil suggesting that the marsh was on its way to recovery. Change detection between the two dates showed that areas denuded of vegetation after the oil impact experienced varying degrees of re-vegetation in the following year. This recovery was poorest in the first three pixels adjacent to the shoreline. This study illustrates the usefulness of high spatial resolution airborne imaging spectroscopy to map actual locations where oil from the spill reached the shore and then to assess its impacts on the plant community. We demonstrate that post-oiling trends in terms of plant health and mortality could be detected and monitored, including recovery of these saltmarsh meadows one year after the oil spill.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0078989","usgsCitation":"Khanna, S., Santos, M.J., Ustin, S.L., Koltunov, A., Kokaly, R., and Roberts, D.A., 2013, Detection of salt marsh vegetation stress and recovery after the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in Barataria Bay, Gulf of Mexico using AVIRIS data: PLoS ONE, v. 8, no. 11, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078989.","productDescription":"13 p.","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-049577","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078989","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":278888,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278882,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078989"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Bataria Bay;Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.0325,28.5459 ], [ -92.0325,30.1333 ], [ -87.6819,30.1333 ], [ -87.6819,28.5459 ], [ -92.0325,28.5459 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527b650de4b0a7295d9b55dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Khanna, Shruti","contributorId":74287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khanna","given":"Shruti","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Santos, Maria J.","contributorId":49694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santos","given":"Maria","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ustin, Susan L.","contributorId":52878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ustin","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":485732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Koltunov, Alexander","contributorId":73912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koltunov","given":"Alexander","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":81442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roberts, Dar A.","contributorId":100503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"Dar","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12804,"text":"Univ. of California Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":485736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70048820,"text":"ofr20131264 - 2013 - Principal facts and an approach to collecting gravity data using near-real-time observations in the vicinity of Barstow, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-26T16:17:56.493053","indexId":"ofr20131264","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-06T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1264","title":"Principal facts and an approach to collecting gravity data using near-real-time observations in the vicinity of Barstow, California","docAbstract":"A gravity survey was done in the vicinity of Barstow, California, in which data were processed and analyzed in the field. The purpose of the data collection was to investigate possible changes in gravity across mapped Quaternary faults and to improve regional gravity coverage, adding to the existing national gravity database. Data were collected, processed, analyzed, and interpreted in the field in order to make decisions about where to collect data for the remainder of the survey. Geological targets in the Barstow area included the Cady Fault, the Manix Fault, and the Yermo Hills. Upon interpreting initial results, additional data were collected to more completely define the fault targets, rather than collecting data to improve the regional gravity coverage in an adjacent area. Both the Manix and Cady Faults showed gravitational expression of the subsurface in the form of steep gravitational gradients that we interpret to represent down-dropped blocks. The gravitational expression of the Cady Fault is on trend with the linear projection of the mapped fault, and the gravitational expression of the Manix Fault is north of the current northernmost mapped strand of the fault. The relative gravitational low over the Yermo Hills was confirmed and better constrained, indicating a significant thickness of sediments at the junction of the Calico, Manix, and Tin Can Alley Faults.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131264","usgsCitation":"Phelps, G., Cronkite-Ratcliff, C., and Klofas, L., 2013, Principal facts and an approach to collecting gravity data using near-real-time observations in the vicinity of Barstow, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1264, iii, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131264.","productDescription":"iii, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417514,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_99271.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":278887,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131264.jpg"},{"id":278886,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1264/pdf/ofr2013-1264.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":278885,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1264/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Barstow","otherGeospatial":"Cady Fault, Calico Fault, Manix Fault, Tin Can Alley Fault, Yermo Hills","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.119959,34.698518 ], [ -117.119959,35.280012 ], [ -116.129793,35.280012 ], [ -116.129793,34.698518 ], [ -117.119959,34.698518 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527b650fe4b0a7295d9b55ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phelps, G.","contributorId":80171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cronkite-Ratcliff, C.","contributorId":87408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronkite-Ratcliff","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klofas, L.","contributorId":87058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klofas","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048809,"text":"ds792 - 2013 - Hydrographic surveys of four narrows within the Namakan reservoir system, Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-21T10:36:55","indexId":"ds792","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-06T08:07:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"792","title":"Hydrographic surveys of four narrows within the Namakan reservoir system, Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota, 2011","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey performed multibeam echosounder hydrographic surveys of four narrows in the Namakan reservoir system in August 2011, in cooperation with the International Joint Commission and Environment Canada. The data-collection effort was completed to provide updated and detailed hydrographic data to Environment Canada for inclusion in a Hydrologic Engineering Centers River Analysis System hydraulic model. The Namakan reservoir system is composed of Namakan, Kabetogama, Sand Point, Crane, and Little Vermilion Lakes. Water elevations in the Namakan reservoir system are regulated according to rule curves, or guidelines for water-level management based on the time of year, established by the International Joint Commission. Water levels are monitored by established gages on Crane Lake and the outlet of Namakan Lake at Kettle Falls, but water elevations throughout the system may deviate from these measured values by as much as 0.3 meters, according to lake managers and residents. Deviations from expected water elevations may be caused by between-lake constrictions (narrows). According to the 2000 Rule Curve Assessment Workgroup, hydrologic models of the reservoir system are needed to better understand the system and to evaluate the recent changes made to rule curves in 2000. \nHydrographic surveys were performed using a RESON SeaBat™7125 multibeam echosounder system. Surveys were completed at Namakan Narrows, Harrison Narrows, King Williams Narrows, and Little Vermilion Narrows. Hydrographic survey data were processed using Caris HIPSTM and SIPSTM software that interpolated a combined uncertainty and bathymetric estimator (CUBE) surface. Quality of the survey results was evaluated in relation to standards set by the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) for describing the uncertainty of hydrographic surveys. More than 90 percent of the surveyed areas at the four narrows have resulting bed elevations that meet the IHO “Special Order” quality. Survey datasets published in this report are formatted as text files of x-y-z coordinates and as CARIS Spatial ArchiveTM (CSARTM) files with corresponding metadata.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds792","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the International Joint Commission and Environment Canada","usgsCitation":"Densmore, B.K., Strauch, K.R., and Ziegeweid, J.R., 2013, Hydrographic surveys of four narrows within the Namakan reservoir system, Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 792, Report: iv, 12 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds792.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 12 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2011-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-041944","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278872,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds792.gif"},{"id":278871,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/792/downloads/"},{"id":278869,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/792/pdf/ds792.pdf"},{"id":278870,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/792/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Voyageurs National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.760315,48.145931 ], [ -92.760315,48.466548 ], [ -92.397766,48.466548 ], [ -92.397766,48.145931 ], [ -92.760315,48.145931 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527b650fe4b0a7295d9b55e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Densmore, Brenda K. 0000-0003-2429-638X bdensmore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2429-638X","contributorId":4896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Brenda","email":"bdensmore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strauch, Kellan R. 0000-0002-7218-2099 kstrauch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7218-2099","contributorId":1006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strauch","given":"Kellan","email":"kstrauch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ziegeweid, Jeffrey R. 0000-0001-7797-3044 jrziege@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7797-3044","contributorId":4166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegeweid","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jrziege@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048795,"text":"sir20135185 - 2013 - Reconnaissance investigation of the rough diamond resource potential and production capacity of Côte d’Ivoire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T14:16:38","indexId":"sir20135185","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-05T14:07:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5185","title":"Reconnaissance investigation of the rough diamond resource potential and production capacity of Côte d’Ivoire","docAbstract":"Ethnic and political conflict developed into open civil war in Côte d’Ivoire in 2002, leading to a de facto partitioning of the country into the government-controlled south and the rebel-controlled north. Côte d’Ivoire’s two main diamond mining areas, Séguéla and Tortiya, are located in the north, under what was, until recently, rebel-controlled territory. In an effort to prevent proceeds from diamond mining from funding the conflict, the United Nations (UN) placed an embargo on the export of rough diamonds from Côte d’Ivoire in 2005. That same year, the Kimberley Process (KP), the international initiative charged with stemming the flow of conflict diamonds, acted to enforce this ban by adopting the Moscow Resolution on Côte d’Ivoire, which contained measures to prevent the infiltration of Ivorian diamonds into the legitimate global rough diamond trade. Though under scrutiny by the international community, diamond mining activities continued in Côte d’Ivoire, with artisanal miners exploiting both alluvial deposits in fluvial systems and primary kimberlitic dike deposits. However, because of the embargo, there has been no official record of diamond production since the conflict began in 2002. This lack of production statistics represents a significant data gap and hinders efforts by the KP to understand how illicitly produced diamonds may be entering the legitimate trade.\n\nThis study presents the results of a multiyear effort to monitor the diamond mining activities of Côte d’Ivoire’s two main diamond mining areas, Séguéla and Tortiya. An innovative approach was developed that integrates data acquired from archival reports and maps, high-resolution satellite imagery, and digital terrain modeling to assess the total diamond endowment of the Séguéla and Tortiya deposits and to calculate annual diamond production from 2006 to 2013. On the basis of currently available data, this study estimates that a total of 10,100,000 carats remain in Séguéla and a total of 1,100,000 carats remain in Tortiya. Production capacity was calculated for the two study areas for the years 2006–2010 and 2012–2013. Production capacity was found to range from between 38,000 carats and 375,000 carats in Séguéla and from 13,000 carats and 20,000 carats in Tortiya. Further, this study demonstrates that artisanal mining activities can be successfully monitored by using remote sensing and geologic modeling techniques. The production capacity estimates presented here fill a significant data gap and provide policy makers, the UN, and the KP with important information not otherwise available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135185","collaboration":"Prepared under the auspices of the U.S. Department of State","usgsCitation":"Chirico, P., and Malpeli, K., 2013, Reconnaissance investigation of the rough diamond resource potential and production capacity of Côte d’Ivoire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5185, vi, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135185.","productDescription":"vi, 45 p.","numberOfPages":"55","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278819,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135185.jpg"},{"id":278810,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5185/pdf/sir2013-5185.pdf"},{"id":278809,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5185/"}],"projection":"Geographic Coordinate System","datum":"World Geodetic System 1984 Daturm","country":"Côte d’Ivoire","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -8.6064,4.1642 ], [ -8.6064,10.74 ], [ -2.4878,10.74 ], [ -2.4878,4.1642 ], [ -8.6064,4.1642 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527a1368e4b051792d0148a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chirico, Peter G.","contributorId":27086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chirico","given":"Peter G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malpeli, Katherine C.","contributorId":55106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malpeli","given":"Katherine C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70101798,"text":"70101798 - 2013 - Large scale snow water status monitoring: Comparison of different snow water products in the upper Colorado basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-13T17:03:52.638666","indexId":"70101798","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-05T13:53:58","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1928,"text":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large scale snow water status monitoring: Comparison of different snow water products in the upper Colorado basins","docAbstract":"We illustrate the ability to monitor the status of snow water content over large areas by using a spatially distributed snow accumulation and ablation model that uses data from a weather forecast model in the upper Colorado Basin. The model was forced with precipitation fields from the National Weather Service (NWS) Multi-sensor Precipitation Estimator (MPE) and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data-sets; remaining meteorological model input data were from NOAA's Global Forecast System (GFS) model output fields. The simulated snow water equivalent (SWE) was compared to SWEs from the Snow Data Assimilation System (SNODAS) and SNOwpack TELemetry system (SNOTEL) over a region of the western US that covers parts of the upper Colorado Basin. We also compared the SWE product estimated from the special sensor microwave imager (SSM/I) and scanning multichannel microwave radiometer (SMMR) to the SNODAS and SNOTEL SWE data-sets. Agreement between the spatial distributions of the simulated SWE with MPE data was high with both SNODAS and SNOTEL. Model-simulated SWE with TRMM precipitation and SWE estimated from the passive microwave imagery were not significantly correlated spatially with either SNODAS or the SNOTEL SWE. Average basin-wide SWE simulated with the MPE and the TRMM data were highly correlated with both SNODAS (r = 0.94 and r = 0.64; d.f. = 14 – d.f. = degrees of freedom) and SNOTEL (r = 0.93 and r = 0.68; d.f. = 14). The SWE estimated from the passive microwave imagery was significantly correlated with the SNODAS SWE (r = 0.55, d.f. = 9, p = 0.05) but was not significantly correlated with the SNOTEL-reported SWE values (r = 0.45, d.f. = 9, p = 0.05).The results indicate the applicability of the snow energy balance model for monitoring snow water content at regional scales when coupled with meteorological data of acceptable quality. The two snow water contents from the microwave imagery (SMMR and SSM/I) and the Utah Energy Balance forced with the TRMM precipitation data were found to be unreliable sources for mapping SWE in the study area; both data sets lacked discernible variability of snow water content between sites as seen in the SNOTEL and SNODAS SWE data. This study will contribute to better understanding the adequacy of data from weather forecast models, TRMM, and microwave imagery for monitoring status of the snow water content.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/hess-17-5127-2013","usgsCitation":"Artan, G.A., Verdin, J., and Lietzow, R., 2013, Large scale snow water status monitoring: Comparison of different snow water products in the upper Colorado basins: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, v. 17, p. 5127-5139, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-5127-2013.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"5127","endPage":"5139","ipdsId":"IP-018769","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473452,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-5127-2013","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":286361,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Colorado basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.8740234375,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n -105.1171875,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n -105.1171875,\n 44.11914151643737\n ],\n [\n -110.8740234375,\n 44.11914151643737\n ],\n [\n -110.8740234375,\n 37.16031654673677\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535594a9e4b0120853e8c044","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Artan, G. A.","contributorId":50733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Artan","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Verdin, J. P. 0000-0003-0238-9657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":33033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lietzow, R.","contributorId":89648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lietzow","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048793,"text":"ofr20131252 - 2013 - Magnetotelluric survey to locate the Archean-Proterozoic suture zone in the northeastern Great Basin, Nevada, Utah, and Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-14T17:59:33","indexId":"ofr20131252","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-05T13:12:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1252","title":"Magnetotelluric survey to locate the Archean-Proterozoic suture zone in the northeastern Great Basin, Nevada, Utah, and Idaho","docAbstract":"North-central Nevada contains a large amount of gold in linear belts, the origin of which is not fully understood. During July 2008, September 2009, and August 2010, the U.S. Geological Survey, as part of the Assessment Techniques for Concealed Mineral Resources project, collected twenty-three magnetotelluric soundings along two profiles in Box Elder County, Utah; Elko County, Nevada; and Cassia, Minidoka, and Blaine Counties, Idaho. The main twenty-sounding north-south magnetotelluric profile begins south of Wendover, Nev., but north of the Deep Creek Range. It continues north of Wendover and crosses into Utah, with the north profile terminus in the Snake River Plain, Idaho. A short, three-sounding east-west segment crosses the main north-south profile near the northern terminus of the profile. The magnetotelluric data collected in this study will be used to better constrain the location and strike of the concealed suture zone between the Archean crust and the Paleoproterozoic Mojave province. This report releases the magnetotelluric sounding data that was collected. No interpretation of the data is included.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131252","usgsCitation":"Sampson, J.A., and Rodriguez, B.D., 2013, Magnetotelluric survey to locate the Archean-Proterozoic suture zone in the northeastern Great Basin, Nevada, Utah, and Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1252, iv, 195 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131252.","productDescription":"iv, 195 p.","numberOfPages":"199","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278715,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131252.gif"},{"id":278713,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1252/"},{"id":278714,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1252/pdf/of2013-1252.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Nevada;Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.64,34.24 ], [ -122.64,43.5 ], [ -111.34,43.5 ], [ -111.34,34.24 ], [ -122.64,34.24 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527a1368e4b051792d01489e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sampson, Jay A.","contributorId":13939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sampson","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, Brian D. 0000-0002-2263-611X brod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2263-611X","contributorId":836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Brian","email":"brod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047749,"text":"70047749 - 2013 - North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-13T16:49:24.214174","indexId":"70047749","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-05T12:46:16","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"5","title":"North America","docAbstract":"Plant phenological observations and networks in North America have been largely local and regional in extent until recent decades. In the USA, cloned plant monitoring networks were the exception to this pattern, with data collection spanning the late 1950s until approximately the early 1990s. Animal observation networks, especially for birds have been more extensive. The USA National Phenology Network (USA-NPN), established in the mid-2000s is a recent effort to operate a comprehensive national-scale network in the United States. In Canada, PlantWatch, as part of Nature Watch, is the current national-scale plant phenology program.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Phenology: An integrative environmental science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-94-007-6925-0_5","usgsCitation":"Schwartz, M., Beaubien, E.G., Crimmins, T., and Weltzin, J., 2013, North America, chap. 5 of Phenology: An integrative environmental science, p. 67-89, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6925-0_5.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"89","ipdsId":"IP-039026","costCenters":[{"id":433,"text":"National Phenology Network","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284318,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"2nd","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6930e4b0b290851028dc","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Schwartz, Mark D.","contributorId":114143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Mark D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509578,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Schwartz, Mark D.","contributorId":11092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Mark D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beaubien, Elisabeth G.","contributorId":45626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beaubien","given":"Elisabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crimmins, Theresa","contributorId":103579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crimmins","given":"Theresa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weltzin, Jake 0000-0001-8641-6645 jweltzin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8641-6645","contributorId":196323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weltzin","given":"Jake","email":"jweltzin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":433,"text":"National Phenology Network","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048792,"text":"sir20135150 - 2013 - Estimating nitrate concentrations in groundwater at selected wells and springs in the surficial aquifer system and Upper Floridan aquifer, Dougherty Plain and Marianna Lowlands, Georgia, Florida, and Alabama, 2002-50","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T20:49:03","indexId":"sir20135150","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-05T11:31:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5150","title":"Estimating nitrate concentrations in groundwater at selected wells and springs in the surficial aquifer system and Upper Floridan aquifer, Dougherty Plain and Marianna Lowlands, Georgia, Florida, and Alabama, 2002-50","docAbstract":"Groundwater from the surficial aquifer system and Upper Floridan aquifer in the Dougherty Plain and Marianna Lowlands in southwestern Georgia, northwestern Florida, and southeastern Alabama is affected by elevated nitrate concentrations as a result of the vulnerability of the aquifer, irrigation water-supply development, and intensive agricultural land use. The region relies primarily on groundwater from the Upper Floridan aquifer for drinking-water and irrigation supply. Elevated nitrate concentrations in drinking water are a concern because infants under 6 months of age who drink water containing nitrate concentrations above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level of 10 milligrams per liter as nitrogen can become seriously ill with blue baby syndrome.\n\nIn response to concerns about water quality in domestic wells and in springs in the lower Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint River Basin, the Florida Department of Environmental Protection funded a study in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey to examine water quality in groundwater and springs that provide base flow to the Chipola River. A three-dimensional, steady-state, regional-scale groundwater-flow model and two local-scale models were used in conjunction with particle tracking to identify travel times and areas contributing recharge to six groundwater sites—three long-term monitor wells (CP-18A, CP-21A, and RF-41) and three springs (Jackson Blue Spring, Baltzell Springs Group, and Sandbag Spring) in the lower Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint River Basin. Estimated nitrate input to groundwater at land surface, based on previous studies of nitrogen fertilizer sales and atmospheric nitrate deposition data, were used in the advective transport models for the period 2002 to 2050. Nitrate concentrations in groundwater samples collected from the six sites during 1993 to 2007 and groundwater age tracer data were used to calibrate the transport aspect of the simulations.\n\nMeasured nitrate concentrations (as nitrogen) in wells and springs sampled during the study ranged from 0.37 to 12.73 milligrams per liter. Average apparent ages of groundwater calculated from measurements of chlorofluorocarbon, sulfur hexafluoride, and tritium from wells CP-18A, CP-21A,and RF-41 were about 23, 29, and 32 years, respectively. Average apparent ages of groundwater from Baltzell Springs Group, Sandbag Spring, and Jackson Blue Spring were about 16, 18, and 19 years, respectively. Simulated travel times of particles from the six selected sites ranged from less than 1 day to 511 years; both the minimum and maximum particle travel times were estimated for water from Jackson Blue Spring. Median simulated travel times of particles were about 30, 38, and 62 years for Jackson Blue Spring, Sandbag Spring, and Baltzell Springs Group, respectively. Study results indicated that travel times for approximately 50 percent of the particles from all spring sites were less than 50 years. The median simulated travel times of particles arriving at receptor wells CP-18A, CP-21A, and RF-41 were about 50, 35, and 36 years, respectively. All particle travel times were within the same order of magnitude as the tracer-derived average apparent ages for water, although slightly older than the measured ages. Travel time estimates were substantially greater than the measured age for groundwater reaching well CP-18A, as confirmed by the average apparent age of water determined from tracers.\n\nLocal-scale particle-tracking models were used to predict nitrate concentrations in the three monitor wells and three springs from 2002 to 2050 for three nitrogen management scenarios: (1) fixed input of nitrate at the 2001 level, (2) reduction of nitrate inputs of 4 percent per year (from the previous year) from 2002 to 2050, and (3) elimination of nitrate input after 2001. Simulated nitrate concentrations in well CP-21A peaked at 7.82 milligrams per liter in 2030, and concentrations in background well RF-41 peaked at 1.10 milligrams per liter in 2020. The simulated particle travel times were longer than indicated by age dating analysis for groundwater in well CP-18A; to account for the poor calibration fit at this well, nitrate concentrations were shifted 21 years. With the shift, simulated nitrate concentrations in groundwater at CP-18A peaked at 13.76 milligrams per liter in 2026. For groundwater in Baltzell Springs Group, Jackson Blue Spring, and Sandbag Spring, simulated nitrate concentrations peaked at 3.77 milligrams per liter in 2006, 3.51 milligrams per liter in 2011, and 0.81 milligram per liter in 2018, respectively, under the three management scenarios. In management scenario 3 (elimination of nitrate input after 2001), simulated nitrate concentrations in Baltzell Springs Group decreased to less than background concentrations (0.10 milligram per liter) by 2033, and in Sandbag Spring concentrations decreased to less than background by 2041. Simulations using nitrate management scenarios 1 (fixed input of nitrate at 2001 levels) and 2 (reduction of 4.0 percent per year) indicate that nitrate concentrations in groundwater may remain above background concentrations through 2050 at all sites.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135150","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program; Prepared in cooperation with the Florida Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Crandall, C.A., Katz, B.G., and Berndt, M., 2013, Estimating nitrate concentrations in groundwater at selected wells and springs in the surficial aquifer system and Upper Floridan aquifer, Dougherty Plain and Marianna Lowlands, Georgia, Florida, and Alabama, 2002-50: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5150, ix, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135150.","productDescription":"ix, 65 p.","numberOfPages":"80","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2050-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278706,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5150/"},{"id":278707,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5150/pdf/sir2013-5150.pdf"},{"id":278708,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135150.gif"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic Projection","country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Apalachicola River Basin, Chattahoochee River Basin, Flint River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.8626,29.8562 ], [ -85.8626,32.2922 ], [ -83.6061,32.2922 ], [ -83.6061,29.8562 ], [ -85.8626,29.8562 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527a1367e4b051792d014898","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crandall, Christy A. crandall@usgs.gov","contributorId":1091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crandall","given":"Christy","email":"crandall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":485654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Katz, Brian G. bkatz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"Brian","email":"bkatz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":485655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berndt, Marian P.","contributorId":45296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berndt","given":"Marian P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048789,"text":"ofr20131165 - 2013 - Uniform California earthquake rupture forecast, version 3 (UCERF3): the time-independent model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-14T14:46:38","indexId":"ofr20131165","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-05T10:36:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1165","title":"Uniform California earthquake rupture forecast, version 3 (UCERF3): the time-independent model","docAbstract":"In this report we present the time-independent component of the Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast, Version 3 (UCERF3), which provides authoritative estimates of the magnitude, location, and time-averaged frequency of potentially damaging earthquakes in California. The primary achievements have been to relax fault segmentation assumptions and to include multifault ruptures, both limitations of the previous model (UCERF2). The rates of all earthquakes are solved for simultaneously, and from a broader range of data, using a system-level \"grand inversion\" that is both conceptually simple and extensible. The inverse problem is large and underdetermined, so a range of models is sampled using an efficient simulated annealing algorithm. The approach is more derivative than prescriptive (for example, magnitude-frequency distributions are no longer assumed), so new analysis tools were developed for exploring solutions. Epistemic uncertainties were also accounted for using 1,440 alternative logic tree branches, necessitating access to supercomputers. The most influential uncertainties include alternative deformation models (fault slip rates), a new smoothed seismicity algorithm, alternative values for the total rate of M≥5 events, and different scaling relationships, virtually all of which are new. As a notable first, three deformation models are based on kinematically consistent inversions of geodetic and geologic data, also providing slip-rate constraints on faults previously excluded because of lack of geologic data. The grand inversion constitutes a system-level framework for testing hypotheses and balancing the influence of different experts. For example, we demonstrate serious challenges with the Gutenberg-Richter hypothesis for individual faults. UCERF3 is still an approximation of the system, however, and the range of models is limited (for example, constrained to stay close to UCERF2). Nevertheless, UCERF3 removes the apparent UCERF2 overprediction of M6.5–7 earthquake rates and also includes types of multifault ruptures seen in nature. Although UCERF3 fits the data better than UCERF2 overall, there may be areas that warrant further site-specific investigation. Supporting products may be of general interest, and we list key assumptions and avenues for future model improvements.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131165","collaboration":"CGS Special Report 228, Southern California Earthquake Center Publication 1792","usgsCitation":"Field, E.H., Biasi, G.P., Bird, P., Dawson, T.E., Felzer, K., Jackson, D.D., Johnson, K.M., Jordan, T.H., Madden, C., Michael, A.J., Milner, K.R., Page, M.T., Parsons, T., Powers, P.M., Shaw, B., Thatcher, W.R., Weldon, R.J., Zeng, Y., and Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities, 2013, Uniform California earthquake rupture forecast, version 3 (UCERF3): the time-independent model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1165, Report: xvi, 97 p.; Appendixes A-T; Table B1; Earthquake Catalog; 3 Supplemental Materials; Fault Section Data; Pre-inversion Analysis, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131165.","productDescription":"Report: xvi, 97 p.; Appendixes A-T; Table B1; Earthquake Catalog; 3 Supplemental Materials; Fault Section Data; Pre-inversion Analysis","numberOfPages":"115","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278709,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131165.jpg"},{"id":278704,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1165/"},{"id":278705,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1165/pdf/ofr2013-1165.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125.02,30.97 ], [ -125.02,42.98 ], [ -113.49,42.98 ], [ -113.49,30.97 ], [ -125.02,30.97 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527a1368e4b051792d0148a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, Edward H. 0000-0001-8172-7882 field@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8172-7882","contributorId":52242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Edward","email":"field@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biasi, Glenn P.","contributorId":20436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biasi","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bird, Peter","contributorId":78643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dawson, Timothy E.","contributorId":24429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dawson","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7099,"text":"Calif. 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Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":485639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Felzer, Karen R.","contributorId":40680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Felzer","given":"Karen R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jackson, David D.","contributorId":94762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnson, Kaj M.","contributorId":92526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kaj","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jordan, Thomas H.","contributorId":75055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Madden, Christopher","contributorId":47280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madden","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Michael, Andrew J. 0000-0002-2403-5019 michael@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":1280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"Andrew","email":"michael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Milner, Kevin R.","contributorId":63494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milner","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Page, Morgan T. 0000-0001-9321-2990 mpage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9321-2990","contributorId":3762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"Morgan","email":"mpage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Parsons, Thomas 0000-0002-0582-4338","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-4338","contributorId":26583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Powers, Peter M. pmpowers@usgs.gov","contributorId":4434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"Peter","email":"pmpowers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Shaw, Bruce E.","contributorId":93810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"Bruce E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Thatcher, Wayne R. 0000-0001-6324-545X thatcher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6324-545X","contributorId":2599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"Wayne","email":"thatcher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Weldon, Ray J. II","contributorId":47859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weldon","given":"Ray","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Zeng, Yuehua zeng@usgs.gov","contributorId":1623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeng","given":"Yuehua","email":"zeng@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities","contributorId":128141,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities","id":535606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}} ,{"id":70048776,"text":"sir20135088 - 2013 - The effects of artificial recharge on groundwater levels and water quality in the west hydrogeologic unit of the Warren subbasin, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-14T18:04:37","indexId":"sir20135088","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-04T11:31:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5088","title":"The effects of artificial recharge on groundwater levels and water quality in the west hydrogeologic unit of the Warren subbasin, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"Between the late 1940s and 1994, groundwater levels in the Warren subbasin, California, declined by as much as 300 feet because pumping exceeded sparse natural recharge. In response, the local water district, Hi-Desert Water District, implemented an artificial-recharge program in early 1995 using imported water from the California State Water Project. Subsequently, the water table rose by as much as 250 feet; however, a study done by the U.S. Geological Survey found that the rising water table entrained high-nitrate septic effluent, which caused nitrate (as nitrogen) concentrations in some wells to increase to more than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level of 10 milligrams per liter..\n\nA new artificial-recharge site (site 3) was constructed in 2006 and this study, which started in 2004, was done to address concerns about the possible migration of nitrates in the unsaturated zone. The objectives of this study were to: (1) characterize the hydraulic, chemical, and microbiological properties of the unsaturated zone; (2) monitor changes in water levels and water quality in response to the artificial-recharge program at site 3; (3) determine if nitrates from septic effluent infiltrated through the unsaturated zone to the water table; (4) determine the potential for nitrates within the unsaturated zone to mobilize and contaminate the groundwater as the water table rises in response to artificial recharge; and (5) determine the presence and amount of dissolved organic carbon because of its potential to react with disinfection byproducts during the treatment of water for public use. Two monitoring sites were installed and instrumented with heat-dissipation probes, advanced tensiometers, suction-cup lysimeters, and wells so that the arrival and effects of recharging water from the State Water Project through the 250 to 425 foot-thick unsaturated zone and groundwater system could be closely observed. Monitoring site YVUZ-1 was located between two recharge ponds in the middle of site 3, and YVUZ-2 was located approximately 1,200 feet down-gradient and to the southeast in an area where septic systems have been in use since about 1960. Site YVUZ-3 only went to a depth of 42 feet and was used to sample the upper part of the unsaturated zone near a golf course. Prior to the start of artificial recharge at site 3, nitrate concentrations reported as nitrogen from the soil leachate below YVUZ-1 did not exceed 1.58 milligrams per kilogram. Nitrate-reducing bacteria concentrations of 4,300 most probable number were found at about 220 feet below land surface and at the top of the water table at YVUZ-1. Nitrate concentrations at YVUZ-2 reached a maximum concentration of about 25 milligrams per kilogram between about 100 and 121 feet below land surface; concentrations of nitrate-reducing or denitrifying bacteria were as high as 21,000 most probable number at 36 feet below land surface but did not exceed 40 most probable number below about 150 feet below land surface. Between June 2006 and September 2009, more than 9,800 acre feet of water from the State Water Project was released to site 3 ponds. The infiltration of the recharge water was predominantly vertical with limited lateral spreading to a depth of about 200 feet below land surface at YVUZ-1. Lateral spreading of the recharge water with depth was caused by geologic heterogeneities within the unsaturated zone, and resulted in varied arrival times of the recharge water to the instruments and slower rates of vertical movement with depth. No abrupt changes in soil moisture were observed at YVUZ-2, indicating that the recharge water had not reached that site by September 2009. Water levels from the monitoring wells at both sites and from five production wells nearby showed that the water table rose at a mean rate of about 0.08 feet per day between June 2006 and January 2009. The arrival of the water from the State Water Project caused relatively rapid changes in the stable-isotopic ratios from the lysimeters at YVUZ-1. The estimated average rate of infiltration of the recharge water through the unsaturated zone ranged from 3.7 to 25 feet per day. The recharge water arrived at the monitoring well below the recharge ponds between August 2007 and March 2008; the rate of vertical movement to the monitoring well was between 0.6 and 0.9 feet per day. By September 2008, a production well located 375 feet west of site 3 was producing almost 100 percent infiltrated recharge water. By contrast, the stable-isotope data from the lysimeters at YVUZ-2 showed that the recharge water had not reached this site by September 2009, but that septic effluent in the unsaturated zone likely had mixed with the native pore water to at least 154 feet below land surface. Assuming vertical infiltration, the minimum rate of infiltration of septic effluent since 1960 was about 3 feet per year. The isotopic data from the lysimeters at YVUZ-3 indicated two different sources of water to the upper 43 feet–irrigation-return flow and precipitation. Nitrate concentrations of the water from the State Water Project did not exceed 1 milligram per liter. Prior to artificial recharge, nitrate concentrations of the pore water at YVUZ-1 ranged between 6 to 18.2 milligrams per liter. After the arrival of the recharge water, the nitrate concentrations from the lysimeters and well at YVUZ-1 decreased to less than 1 milligram per liter, with the exception of samples collected at 205.5 feet, which did not exceed 4.12 milligrams per liter. The decrease in nitrate concentrations after artificial recharge indicated that the rising water table did not result in an increase of nitrates below YVUZ-1. At YVUZ-2, nitrate concentrations ranged between 12 to 479 milligrams per liter. The highest nitrate concentrations were at 92 feet below land surface and were almost seven times that of samples collected from a nearby septic tank. Nitrate concentrations from the lysimeter at 273 feet below land surface increased from 6 to almost 58 milligrams per liter after it was saturated by the rising water table in December 2007. These increases could be the result of the mobilization of high-nitrate water from regional sources of septic effluent after saturation, or the result of high-nitrate water present at the top of the water table that may be diluted deeper in the aquifer. Nitrate concentrations in groundwater from five nearby production wells and from both monitoring wells were less than 5 milligrams per liter before artificial recharge started. Nitrate concentrations decreased to less than 3 milligrams per liter in three of the production wells and the monitoring well below the recharge ponds after artificial recharge. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations were measured in the recharge water and groundwater because of the potential for dissolved organic carbon to react with chlorine to form trihalomethanes during the water-treatment process. The dissolved organic carbon concentrations of the recharge water were 3.1 milligrams per liter or less, and dissolved organic carbon concentrations of the groundwater were less than 1 milligram per liter. Even though recharge water was present in some of the wells by September 2008, the concentrations of both dissolved organic carbon and trihalomethane formation potential in the groundwater did not increase. Interpretation of these data suggests that the dissolved organic carbon from the recharge water is altered or metabolized in the unsaturated zone, either by absorption to the grain particles in the soil or by microbiological processes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135088","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Hi-Desert Water District","usgsCitation":"Stamos, C., Martin, P., Everett, R., and Izbicki, J., 2013, The effects of artificial recharge on groundwater levels and water quality in the west hydrogeologic unit of the Warren subbasin, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5088, Report: xii, 88 p.; Appendix 4: XLSX file; Appendix 5: XLSX file; Appendix 7: XLSX file; Appendix 8: XLSX file, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135088.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 88 p.; Appendix 4: XLSX file; Appendix 5: XLSX file; Appendix 7: XLSX file; Appendix 8: XLSX file","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278685,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135088.jpg"},{"id":278681,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5088/sir2013-5088_appendix5.xlsx"},{"id":278679,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5088/pdf/sir2013-5088.pdf"},{"id":278680,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5088/"},{"id":278682,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5088/sir2013-5088_appendix4.xlsx"},{"id":278683,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5088/sir2013-5088_appendix7.xlsx"},{"id":278684,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5088/sir2013-5088_appendix8.xlsx"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.493530,34.000304 ], [ -116.493530,34.148749 ], [ -116.320496,34.148749 ], [ -116.320496,34.000304 ], [ -116.493530,34.000304 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5278c217e4b0c04ac3417aa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stamos, Christina L. 0000-0002-1007-9352","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1007-9352","contributorId":19593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamos","given":"Christina L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Peter pmmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Peter","email":"pmmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Everett, Rhett R. 0000-0001-7983-6270 reverett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7983-6270","contributorId":843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Everett","given":"Rhett R.","email":"reverett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":1375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John A.","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048772,"text":"fs20133056 - 2013 - The 3D Elevation Program: summary for California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T16:03:05","indexId":"fs20133056","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-04T08:57:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3056","title":"The 3D Elevation Program: summary for California","docAbstract":"Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the State of California, elevation data are critical for infrastructure and construction management; natural resources conservation; flood risk management; wildfire management, planning, and response; agriculture and precision farming; geologic resource assessment and hazard mitigation; and other business uses. Today, high-quality light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the sources for creating elevation models and other elevation datasets. Federal, State, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data, on a national basis, that are (on average) 30 years old and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data. The new 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other three-dimensional representations of the Nation’s natural and constructed features.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5278c216e4b0c04ac3417aa4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carswell, William J. Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70136362,"text":"70136362 - 2013 - Genetics, recruitment, and migration patterns of Arctic Cisco (Coregonus autumnalis) in the Colville River, Alaska and Mackenzie River, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-30T16:03:57","indexId":"70136362","displayToPublicDate":"2013-11-01T16:15:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3093,"text":"Polar Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetics, recruitment, and migration patterns of Arctic Cisco (Coregonus autumnalis) in the Colville River, Alaska and Mackenzie River, Canada","docAbstract":"Arctic cisco Coregonus autumnalis have a complex anadromous life history, many aspects of which remain poorly understood. Some life history traits of Arctic cisco from the Colville River, Alaska, and Mackenzie River basin, Canada, were investigated using molecular genetics, harvest data, and otolith microchemistry. The Mackenzie hypothesis, which suggests that Arctic cisco found in Alaskan waters originate from the Mackenzie River system, was tested using 11 microsatellite loci and a single mitochondrial DNA gene. No genetic differentiation was found among sample collections from the Colville River and the Mackenzie River system using molecular markers (P > 0.19 in all comparisons). Model-based clustering methods also supported genetic admixture between sample collections from the Colville River and Mackenzie River basin. A reanalysis of recruitment patterns to Alaska, which included data from recent warm periods and suspected changes in atmospheric circulation patterns, still finds that recruitment is correlated to wind conditions. Otolith microchemistry (Sr/Ca ratios) confirmed repeated, annual movements of Arctic cisco between low-salinity habitats in winter and marine waters in summer.
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