{"pageNumber":"5562","pageRowStart":"139025","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165626,"records":[{"id":70232494,"text":"70232494 - 1974 - Investigation of diffusion in open-channel flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-05T16:02:51.956372","indexId":"70232494","displayToPublicDate":"1974-07-01T10:57:22","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigation of diffusion in open-channel flows","docAbstract":"<p>This investigation examines the interrelation between turbulent diffusion, dispersion, and the statistical properties of turbulence in an open-channel flow. The results of the study substantiate Philip's concept relating the ratio of Eulerian to estimated Lagrangian time scales and the reciprocal of the longitudinal intensity of turbulence. The relation may be used to predict coefficients of longitudinal turbulent diffusion at the water surface and in the flow field, A similar concept using an integral scale based on the longitudinal intensity of turbulence may be used to predict coefficients of both surface and depth-averaged turbulent diffusion in three coordinate directions. Longitudinal space-time velocity correlation measurements can be used to predict the Lagrangian time scale only under limited conditions. Within the range of conditions studied, longitudinal diffusion accounted for 4 to 13 percent of the one-dimensional dispersion process.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Keefer, T.N., and McQuivey, R.S., 1974, Investigation of diffusion in open-channel flows: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 4, p. 501-509.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"501","endPage":"509","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402972,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402971,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue4/report.pdf","size":"19104 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keefer, Thomas N.","contributorId":43752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McQuivey, Raul S.","contributorId":48176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McQuivey","given":"Raul","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70232492,"text":"70232492 - 1974 - Generalization of stream travel rates and dispersion characteristics from time-of-travel measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-05T15:56:43.8218","indexId":"70232492","displayToPublicDate":"1974-07-01T10:50:56","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Generalization of stream travel rates and dispersion characteristics from time-of-travel measurements","docAbstract":"<p> Prediction of travel rates of water in streams is important for pollution control and for warning systems where contaminant spillage is possible. A method of estimating traveltime and dispersion of solutes in streams where such data are not available is provided in this report. Generalized relations for travel rates and dispersion indices as functions of stream-channel and discharge characteristics are developed using available time-of-travel data and the multiple-regression technique.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Boning, C.W., 1974, Generalization of stream travel rates and dispersion characteristics from time-of-travel measurements: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 4, p. 495-499.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"495","endPage":"499","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402969,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402967,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue4/report.pdf","size":"19104 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boning, Charles W.","contributorId":86345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boning","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70199716,"text":"70199716 - 1974 - Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur isotope study of the Darwin lead-silver-zinc deposit, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-26T10:40:03","indexId":"70199716","displayToPublicDate":"1974-07-01T10:38:17","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur isotope study of the Darwin lead-silver-zinc deposit, Southern California","docAbstract":"<p><span>The ores at Darwin occur as massive replacement bodies in silicated limestones of Pennsylvanian and Permian age adjacent to a Jurassic quartz monzonite stock. Three types of ore have a definite spatial relationship to the quartz monzonite: (1) pyrite-sphalerite-galena ores, (2) pyrite-pyrrhotite-magnetite-sphalerite-galena ores, and (3) galena-Ag-Bi-Se ores.The delta&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup><span>&nbsp;S values of all sulfide minerals range from +4.4 to --5.7 permil. The delta&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup><span>&nbsp;S values for individual minerals tend to decrease with respect to both space and paragenetic time. The delta (sub sl-gn) values range from 1.5 to 2.5 permil and correspond to a temperature range of 325 degrees + or - 55 degrees C. The sphalerite-galena sulfur isotope temperatures at a given locality are reproducible to + or -30 degrees C and are consistent with temperatures determined by other means.Analyses of water in three samples of fluid inclusions in sphalerite indicate that the ore fluids had delta D values of --66 + or - permil, a total salinity that reached at least 20 percent, and K/Na atomic ratios of 0.23 + or - 0.03. Isotopic and thermochemical data indicate that the ore fluids had average values of delta&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup><span>&nbsp;S (sub Sigma S) = 3 permil, delta&nbsp;</span><sup>13</sup><span>&nbsp;C (sub Sigma O) = -- 3.5 permil, Sigma S = 0.01 mole/Kg H&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>O, f (sub CO&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;) = 12 + or - 8 bars, and Sigma C = 0.15 + or - 0.06 mole/Kg H&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;O.The delta&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>&nbsp;O values of postsulfide calcites have a range of 12.8 + or - 1.5 permil in the pyrite ores and 17 + or - 2 permil in the pyrrhotite ores. Similar values for relict limestone host rock in these areas indicate that oxygen isotopic equilibrium was established between the calcite precipitating fluids and the wall rock. The delta&nbsp;</span><sup>13</sup><span>&nbsp;C values of the calcites, however, range from --5.8 to --3.6 permil and are considerably more negative than the limestone in the host rock, indicating that carbon isotopic equilibrium was not established between the fluids and the wall rock.Thermochemical data indicate that the pH of the ore fluids was about 4.8 as they traveled through the quartz monzonite at T nearly equal 350 degrees C. When the fluids completely equilibrated with the relict limestone and calc-silicate host rock, the pH increased to 6.7. This increase in pH as the fluids traveled upward and away from the quartz monzonite was responsible for the spatial distribution of iron sulfide assemblages, for variations in delta&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup><span>&nbsp;S values of sulfides, and probably caused precipitation of the ore.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.69.4.468","usgsCitation":"Rye, R.O., Hall, W.E., and Ohmoto, H., 1974, Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur isotope study of the Darwin lead-silver-zinc deposit, Southern California: Economic Geology, v. 69, no. 4, p. 468-481, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.69.4.468.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"468","endPage":"481","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357748,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Inyo County","volume":"69","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1974-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rye, Robert O. rrye@usgs.gov","contributorId":1486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"Robert","email":"rrye@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, Wayne E.","contributorId":89955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ohmoto, H.","contributorId":30759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohmoto","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70232491,"text":"70232491 - 1974 - A sensitive and rapid method for the determination of trace amounts of selenium in geologic materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-05T15:50:28.482323","indexId":"70232491","displayToPublicDate":"1974-07-01T10:37:16","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A sensitive and rapid method for the determination of trace amounts of selenium in geologic materials","docAbstract":"<p>A sensitive method for the determination of less than crustal abundance amounts of selenium has been developed that can be useful in the geochemical investigation of selenium. The sample is roasted with a flux of sodium carbonate, chloride, and chlorate and then digested in a mixture of nitric and phosphoric acids. The resulting solution is stabilised; the selenium is reacted with 2,3-diaminonaphthalene to form 4,5-benzopiazselenol, extracted with cyclohexane, and measured fluorometrically. The lower limit of selenium content of a sample that can be determined by this method is 0.04 p/m using a 0.5-g sample.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Crenshaw, G.L., and Lakin, H.W., 1974, A sensitive and rapid method for the determination of trace amounts of selenium in geologic materials: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 4, p. 483-487.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"483","endPage":"487","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402966,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402965,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue4/report.pdf","size":"19104 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crenshaw, George L.","contributorId":25953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crenshaw","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lakin, Hubert William","contributorId":54578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lakin","given":"Hubert","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70232488,"text":"70232488 - 1974 - Mineralogical studies of the nitrate deposits of Chile IV. Brüggenite, Ca(IO3)2-H2O, a new saline mineral","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-05T15:34:31.359942","indexId":"70232488","displayToPublicDate":"1974-07-01T10:00:05","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Mineralogical studies of the nitrate deposits of Chile IV. Brüggenite, Ca(IO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>-H<sub>2</sub>O, a new saline mineral","title":"Mineralogical studies of the nitrate deposits of Chile IV. Brüggenite, Ca(IO3)2-H2O, a new saline mineral","docAbstract":"<p>Br<strong>ü</strong>ggenite, Ca(I0 3 )2 - H2 0, is found in veins of high-purity soda niter in rhyolite tuff at Pampa Pique III, Oficina Lautaro, Chile, as long columnar anhedral crystals, as prismatic crystals, and as irregular anhedral crystals or encrusting masses. The mineral is colorless to bright yellow, and transparent to translucent, has vitreous luster and a hardness of about 3 <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>, is brittle, and has conchoidal fracture. It is biaxial and has variable optic angle and refractive indices, which were determined by the spindle-stage method. Refractive indices are as follows: n<sub><span>α</span></sub> =1.772-1.779, n<sub><span>β</span></sub>=1.795-1.802, and n<sub><span>γ</span></sub>=1.817-1.824 (all <span>±</span> 0.003); optic angle shows a range of 2<i>V</i><sub>Z</sub> = 86°-96°; Z =&nbsp;<i>b</i> and X<span>∧</span><i>c</i> = -47°; dispersion (Z) is <i>r</i>&lt;<i>v</i>, moderate. Brüggenite is monoclinic, space group <i>P</i>2<sub>1</sub>/<i>c</i>, with a=8.509±0.001 A, b = 10.027±0.002 A, c&nbsp; = 7.512±0.001 A, <i><span>β</span></i> = 95°16.00'±0.55', volume 638.2 A<sup>3</sup> , Z = 4, G<sub>(calc)</sub> = 4.244, G<sub>(meas)</sub>=4.24±0.01. The X-ray diffraction powder pattern of brüggenite has the following strong lines (<i>hkl</i>, <i>d<sub>hkl</sub><sup>1</sup></i> ): 031, 3.051 A (100); 220, 3.238 A (90); 200, 4.235 A (80); 002, 3.739 A (60); 012, 3.503 A (60); 231, 2.522 A (60). The composition was confirmed by chemical analyses.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Ericksen, G., Mrose, M.E., and Marinenko, J., 1974, Mineralogical studies of the nitrate deposits of Chile IV. Brüggenite, Ca(IO3)2-H2O, a new saline mineral: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 4, p. 471-478.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"471","endPage":"478","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402961,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402960,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue4/report.pdf","size":"19104 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Chile","state":"Antofagasta Province","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.08154296875,\n              -26.2145910237943\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.9287109375,\n              -26.2145910237943\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.9287109375,\n              -22.836945920943844\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.08154296875,\n              -22.836945920943844\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.08154296875,\n              -26.2145910237943\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ericksen, George E.","contributorId":54651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ericksen","given":"George E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mrose, Mary E.","contributorId":84750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mrose","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marinenko, John","contributorId":102861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marinenko","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70232482,"text":"70232482 - 1974 - Birnessite (delta MnO2-3H2O) in a large spherulite in obsidian near Silver Cliff, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-05T14:52:34.047392","indexId":"70232482","displayToPublicDate":"1974-07-01T09:39:32","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Birnessite (delta MnO<sub>2</sub>-3H<sub>2</sub>O) in a large spherulite in obsidian near Silver Cliff, Colorado","title":"Birnessite (delta MnO2-3H2O) in a large spherulite in obsidian near Silver Cliff, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>Birnessite and cryptomelane were identified in the montmorillonitic border zone of a large spherulite in obsidian north of Silver Cliff, Colo. The manganese minerals contain no silver and probably formed more recently than argentian cryptomelane which is abundant in the manganiferous silver ores of the surrounding volcanic rocks. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Hildebrand, F., 1974, Birnessite (delta MnO2-3H2O) in a large spherulite in obsidian near Silver Cliff, Colorado: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 4, p. 467-469.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"467","endPage":"469","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402952,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402949,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue4/report.pdf","size":"19104 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Custer County","city":"Silver Cliff","otherGeospatial":"Silver Cliff Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.47801971435547,\n              38.14009228717221\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.41999816894531,\n              38.14009228717221\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.41999816894531,\n              38.173297728425034\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.47801971435547,\n              38.173297728425034\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.47801971435547,\n              38.14009228717221\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildebrand, Fred A.","contributorId":75012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildebrand","given":"Fred A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70232480,"text":"70232480 - 1974 - Equilibria of cinnabar, stibnite, and saturated solutions in the system HgS-Sb2S3-Na2S-H2O from 150° to 250°C at 100 bars, with implications concerning ore genesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-05T14:38:57.130051","indexId":"70232480","displayToPublicDate":"1974-07-01T09:12:29","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Equilibria of cinnabar, stibnite, and saturated solutions in the system HgS-Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>-Na<sub>2</sub>S-H<sub>2</sub>O from 150° to 250°C at 100 bars, with implications concerning ore genesis","title":"Equilibria of cinnabar, stibnite, and saturated solutions in the system HgS-Sb2S3-Na2S-H2O from 150° to 250°C at 100 bars, with implications concerning ore genesis","docAbstract":"<p>The common occurrence of cinnabar and stibnite in well-defined districts in the same epithermal environments suggests that similar physiochemical processes are responsible for the genesis of the two minerals; however, cinnabar and stibnite tend to be segregated within these districts and also within individual deposits that contain both minerals. Where cinnabar and stibnite occur in contact, textural evidence indicates that cinnabar is generally younger, although some textures suggest overlap of deposition. To better understand the physicochemical processes involved in the formation of cinnabar and stibnite deposits, we investigated the solubilities of cinnabar and stibnite in aqueous Na<sub>2</sub>S solutions that were simultaneously saturated with both cinnabar and stibnite at concentrations from 0.384 percent (0.0492 mol/kg) to 1.772 percent(0.227 mol/kg)Na<sub>2</sub>S at temperatures from 150° to 250°C, at 100 bars pressure. The ratio of dissolved Sb<sub>2</sub> S<sub>3</sub> to HgS under most conditions is larger than 25:1 moles per mole. We conclude that alkaline sulfide solutions could not transport geologically appreciable amounts of HgS while they are saturated with stibnite; major amounts of HgS could only be transported in solutions that are undersaturated with stibnite. Solubility behavior of HgS and Sb<sub>2</sub> S<sub>3</sub> is thus a possible mechanism for the segregation of cinnabar and stibnite, especially when the conduit system is modified during the episode of mineralization. The deposition of stibnite before that of cinnabar in most places but with minor overlapping deposition in some places is in accord with deductions made from the solubility studies. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Learned, R.E., Tunell, G., and Dickson, F.W., 1974, Equilibria of cinnabar, stibnite, and saturated solutions in the system HgS-Sb2S3-Na2S-H2O from 150° to 250°C at 100 bars, with implications concerning ore genesis: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 4, p. 457-466.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"457","endPage":"466","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402944,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402943,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue4/report.pdf","size":"19104 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Learned, R. E.","contributorId":9638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Learned","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tunell, G.","contributorId":49908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tunell","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dickson, F. W.","contributorId":292713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dickson","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70232478,"text":"70232478 - 1974 - Activity-product constants of aragonite at 90° and 51°C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-05T14:11:35.186074","indexId":"70232478","displayToPublicDate":"1974-07-01T08:56:06","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Activity-product constants of aragonite at 90° and 51°C","docAbstract":"<p>The activity-product constants of aragonite, <i>K</i><sub>A</sub>=[Ca<sup>2+</sup>][CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>] (where the brackets denote activities), were determined experimentally at 90°C and at 51°C. Results at 90°C were obtained from four separate dolomite dissolution runs, in which aragonite precipitated and came to equilibrium with the aqueous phase (from the direction of. supersaturation), and from two runs starting with aragonite suspended in dilute MgCl<sub>2</sub> solutions (from the direction of undersaturation). The average values of <i>K</i><sub>A</sub> from the six runs were in excellent agreement; for the negative logarithm of <i>K</i><sub>A</sub>, P<i>K</i><sub>A</sub>, they yield a value of 8.95±0.05. One run was made at 51° C starting with aragonite suspended in dilute MgCl<sub>2</sub> solution; the value of p<i>K</i><sub>A</sub>&nbsp;at 51°C is 8.61±0.05. No X-ray detectable calcite was found at the conclusion of any of the runs, including a dolomite dissolution run at 90°C (D-10) that was sampled over a period of 10,268 h and toward the end had a concentration of approximately 0.002 molal total dissolved magnesium. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Siebert, R.M., Hostetler, P.B., and Christ, C.L., 1974, Activity-product constants of aragonite at 90° and 51°C: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 4, p. 447-455.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"447","endPage":"455","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402940,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402939,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue4/report.pdf","size":"19104 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Siebert, R. M.","contributorId":147019,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Siebert","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13719,"text":"Department of Geology, University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hostetler, P. B.","contributorId":107849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hostetler","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":13719,"text":"Department of Geology, University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christ, C. L.","contributorId":270138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christ","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70232477,"text":"70232477 - 1974 - Energy dispersive spectrometry for quantitative mineralogical analyses: An ancillary system on an electron microphobe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-05T13:52:33.858457","indexId":"70232477","displayToPublicDate":"1974-07-01T08:37:58","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Energy dispersive spectrometry for quantitative mineralogical analyses: An ancillary system on an electron microphobe","docAbstract":"<p>Investigation of the Li-drifted Si-semiconductor X-ray detector for quantitative elemental analysis of some common rock-forming minerals shows that amounts of certain major elements having K spectra in the energy range of about 1.74 (Si) to 8.64 (Zn) kiloelectronvolts may be accurately determined, if spectral interferences are absent. Elements in major concentrations between 0.5 and 1.00 percent may be analyzed quantitatively without corrections of K spectra X-ray intensities when reference standards of similar composition are used and significant K spectra interferences between two adjacent elements are absent. Elemental concentrations less than about 0.5 weight percent cannot be precisely determined from raw X-ray intensity data owing to high and variable spectral background. Data show that spectral background corrections are feasible because spectral background is a linear function for the light-element oxides and silicates. Simultaneous quantitative elemental analysis, with both the energy dispersive spectrometer and the conventional wavelength dispersive spectrometers on the electron microprobe, is feasible. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Desborough, G.A., and Heidel, R.H., 1974, Energy dispersive spectrometry for quantitative mineralogical analyses: An ancillary system on an electron microphobe: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 4, p. 441-446.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"441","endPage":"446","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402938,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402937,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue4/report.pdf","size":"19104 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Desborough, George A.","contributorId":101661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desborough","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heidel, Robert H.","contributorId":77647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heidel","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1003219,"text":"1003219 - 1974 - Effects of TFM and Bayer 73 on in vivo oxygen consumption of the aquatic midge Chironomus tentans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-14T18:08:35.9249","indexId":"1003219","displayToPublicDate":"1974-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of TFM and Bayer 73 on in vivo oxygen consumption of the aquatic midge Chironomus tentans","docAbstract":"<p class=\"chapter-para\">Exposure of fourth instar larvae of Chironomus tentans to 2.0‐8.0 mg/liter of TFM (3‐trifluormethyl‐4‐nitrophenol) for 6 hr at 22 ± 0.5 C in soft water resulted in a significantly increased rate of larval oxygen consumption compared to that of control larvae, as measured with the Warburg respirometer. Maximum stimulation of oxygen consumption occurred with 8.0 mg/liter of TFM, and 1.0 mg/liter of TFM had no measurable effect on basal respiration. When hardness of exposure water was progressively increased, the effect of TFM on oxygen consumption was diminished.</p><p class=\"chapter-para\">Bayer 73 (5,2′‐dichloro‐4′‐nitrosalicylanilide) stimulated oxygen consumption at 0.75 and 1.0 mg/liter, had no significant effect at concentrations less that 0.75 mg/liter, and inhibited oxygen consumption at concentrations of 1.20 mg/liter or greater.</p><p class=\"chapter-para\">Mixtures of TFM and Bayer 73, in the ratio of 98:2, had no greater effect on oxygen consumption than TFM alone.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1974)103<551:EOTABO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Kawatski, J., Dawson, V.K., and Reuvers, M., 1974, Effects of TFM and Bayer 73 on in vivo oxygen consumption of the aquatic midge Chironomus tentans: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 103, no. 3, p. 551-556, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1974)103<551:EOTABO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"551","endPage":"556","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134331,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624e95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kawatski, J.A.","contributorId":101241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kawatski","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, V. K.","contributorId":48900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reuvers, M.L.","contributorId":87512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reuvers","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1013740,"text":"1013740 - 1974 - The jumping ability and behavior of green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) at the outflow of a 1.6-ha pond","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-14T18:18:58.126823","indexId":"1013740","displayToPublicDate":"1974-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The jumping ability and behavior of green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) at the outflow of a 1.6-ha pond","docAbstract":"<p><span>Effects of a plunging water flow on the behavior of green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) 7.1 to 9.7 cm in total length were studied at the outflow of a 1.6‐ha pond. Jumping ability and behavior were measured at 12‐hr intervals using a fishˈs position in a 0.9 m</span><sup>2</sup><span>‐vertical grid or in the discharge pipe. Activity was influenced by flow rate, time of day, and time of year. Fish jumped up to 10 times their body length and traversed a horizontal distance of 0.6 m. Fish with the greatest mean length jumped the highest. The majority of the fish were captured during the 0600‐hr tending period: 79.9% pipe only study and 82.4% pipe and grid combined study.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1974)103<620:TJAABO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Ellis, J.E., 1974, The jumping ability and behavior of green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) at the outflow of a 1.6-ha pond: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 103, no. 3, p. 620-623, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1974)103<620:TJAABO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"620","endPage":"623","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129606,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a85e4b07f02db64d240","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, James E.","contributorId":6390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"James","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5224120,"text":"5224120 - 1974 - Seasonal variation of the upper digestive tract yeast flora of feral pigeons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-07T16:02:14.696338","indexId":"5224120","displayToPublicDate":"1974-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal variation of the upper digestive tract yeast flora of feral pigeons","docAbstract":"<p><span>Feral pigeons were sampled over a 16-month period to determine whether their normal yeast flora varied according to season.&nbsp;</span><i>Candida albicans</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>Saccharomyces telluris</i><span>&nbsp;occurred during the entire sampling period, with&nbsp;</span><i>C. albicans</i><span>&nbsp;reaching its highest levels between August and January and&nbsp;</span><i>S. telluris</i><span>&nbsp;peaking from March through May.&nbsp;</span><i>Candida krusei</i><span>&nbsp;was present for 10 months but exhibited no predictable variation in density.&nbsp;</span><i>Candida tropicalis</i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>C. guilliermondii</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>Geotrichum</i><span>&nbsp;were isolated on several occasions while&nbsp;</span><i>C. lusitaniae</i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>C. pseudotropicalis</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>Torulopsis glabrata</i><span>&nbsp;were each isolated once. The high levels of infection and frequency of occurrence of some yeast species make the feral pigeon highly suspect as a carrier and disseminator of potentially pathogenic yeast.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-10.3.263","usgsCitation":"Kocan, R.M., and Hasenclever, H., 1974, Seasonal variation of the upper digestive tract yeast flora of feral pigeons: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 10, no. 3, p. 263-266, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-10.3.263.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"266","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201924,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db636335","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kocan, R. M.","contributorId":41783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocan","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hasenclever, H.F.","contributorId":37027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hasenclever","given":"H.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014254,"text":"1014254 - 1974 - Disinfection of contaminated water by ultraviolet irradiation, with emphasis on whirling disease (Myxosoma cerebralis) and its effect on fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-14T18:01:59.830286","indexId":"1014254","displayToPublicDate":"1974-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disinfection of contaminated water by ultraviolet irradiation, with emphasis on whirling disease (Myxosoma cerebralis) and its effect on fish","docAbstract":"<p><span>Rainbow trout fry developed whirling disease upon exposure to water contaminated with Myxosoma cerebralis. When similarly contaminated water was irradiated with 2537 Angstrom units of ultraviolet light at dosages of 35,000, 43,000, and 112,000 microwatt sec/cm</span><sup>2</sup><span>, infection of fry was prevented. The minimum effective dosage was not determined in the present experiments. High mortality and a 61% growth inhibition of survivors occurred in the infected fry.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1974)103<541:DOCWBU>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, G.L., 1974, Disinfection of contaminated water by ultraviolet irradiation, with emphasis on whirling disease (Myxosoma cerebralis) and its effect on fish: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 103, no. 3, p. 541-550, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1974)103<541:DOCWBU>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"541","endPage":"550","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131864,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a432","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, G. L.","contributorId":70713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011057,"text":"70011057 - 1974 - Variation of P-wave velocity before the Bear Valley, California, earthquake of 24 February 1972","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-22T23:10:27.564738","indexId":"70011057","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation of P-wave velocity before the Bear Valley, California, earthquake of 24 February 1972","docAbstract":"Residuals for P-wave traveltimes at a seismograph station near Bear Valley, California, for small, precisely located local earthquakes at distances of 20 to 70 kilometers show a sharp increase of nearly 0.3 second about 2 months before a magnitude 5.0 earthquake that occurred within a few kilometers of the station. This indicates that velocity changes observed elsewhere premonitory to earthquakes, possibly related to dilatancy, occur along the central section of the San Andreas fault system.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.184.4143.1281","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Robinson, R., Wesson, R.L., and Ellsworth, W., 1974, Variation of P-wave velocity before the Bear Valley, California, earthquake of 24 February 1972: Science, v. 184, no. 4143, p. 1281-1283, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.184.4143.1281.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1281","endPage":"1283","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220954,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Bear Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.0718612189573,\n              38.48735887611156\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.0718612189573,\n              38.43780040863717\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.00672664440306,\n              38.43780040863717\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.00672664440306,\n              38.48735887611156\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.0718612189573,\n              38.48735887611156\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"184","issue":"4143","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc16de4b08c986b32a57d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, R.","contributorId":99694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wesson, R. L.","contributorId":51752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellsworth, W.L.","contributorId":48541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5221218,"text":"5221218 - 1974 - Organochlorine residues in brown pelican eggs: Relation to reproductive success","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-27T06:39:47","indexId":"5221218","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-16T12:17:57","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorine residues in brown pelican eggs: Relation to reproductive success","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id8\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id9\"><p>This study was conducted to determine the influence of residues of organochlorine pollutants on reproductive success in the brown pelican. A sample egg was taken from each of 93 marked nests in the nesting colony in South Carolina. Periodic visits were made to determine the fate of marked nests. Each sample egg was analysed for residues of organochlorine pollutants. Nest success in the brown pelican was related to residues of DDE and dieldrin in sample eggs. DDE seemed primarily responsible for nest failure; however, deleterious effects of this pollutant on nest success were not satisfactorily separated from those induced by dieldrin. Significant intercorrelation of all five organochlorine residues identified in the eggs complicated the relationship of residues to nest success. Maximum DDE residues in an egg from a successful nest were 2·37 μg/g and 8·48 μg/g in an egg from an unsuccessful nest. Comparable maximum residues for dieldrin in sample eggs were 0·54 μg/g (successful) and 0·99 μg/g (unsuccessful). Nineteen of the 26 eggs from unsuccessful nests contained DDE residues that exceeded 2·37 μg/g, and 14 of these 26 eggs contained dieldrin residues that exceeded 0·54 μg/g. Residues of DDD, DDT or PCBs in sample eggs were not significantly related to nest success. Reproductive success in the brown pelican colony was subnormal in the year of study—1971 and 1972—but reproductive success was normal in those nests in which the sample egg contained either ≤2·5<span>&nbsp;</span><i>μ</i>g/g of DDE or ≤0·54<span>&nbsp;</span><i>μ</i>g/g of dieldrin.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0013-9327(74)90075-5","usgsCitation":"Blus, L.J., Neely, B., Belisle, A.A., and Prouty, R.M., 1974, Organochlorine residues in brown pelican eggs: Relation to reproductive success: Environmental Pollution, v. 7, no. 2, p. 81-91, https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-9327(74)90075-5.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"91","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16214,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-9327(74)90075-5","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a84e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blus, L. J.","contributorId":38116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blus","given":"L.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neely, B.S. Jr.","contributorId":45019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neely","given":"B.S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belisle, A. A.","contributorId":77897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belisle","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prouty, R. M.","contributorId":31349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prouty","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5221216,"text":"5221216 - 1974 - Plasma enzyme activities in coturnix quail fed graded doses of DDE, polychlorinated biphenyl, malathion, and mercuric chloride","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-13T13:26:21","indexId":"5221216","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-16T12:17:57","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3612,"text":"Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plasma enzyme activities in coturnix quail fed graded doses of DDE, polychlorinated biphenyl, malathion, and mercuric chloride","docAbstract":"Male Coturnix quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were fed diets for 12 weeks containing graded levels of DDE, polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1254), malathion, and mercuric chloride. Birds were bled prior to exposure and at 2, 4 and 12 weeks, and the plasma used to measure the activities of creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, cholinesterase, fructose-diphosphate aldolase, and lactate dehydrogenase. Abnormal activity of certain plasma enzymes was noted in birds after 2 and 4 weeks, but these changes were not proportional to dose or exposure time. At 12 weeks increases in each of the activities of plasma enzymes of birds fed organochlorines, and decreases in cholinesterase activity of birds fed malathion or mercuric chloride, were proportional to the log dose of the respective agents. In addition, the pattern of enzyme responses in the 4 experimental groups had changed, and was illustrative of the specific type of substance that had been fed. The data suggest that qualitative and quantitative identification of environmental contaminants in birds, and perhaps a variety of wild animals, may be possible by utilization of multiple plasma enzyme assays.      Residue analyses after 12 weeks of feeding showed that DDE accumulated in carcasses and livers at concentrations up to 4-fold higher than those in the diets. In contrast residues of Aroclor 1254 attained in carcasses were identical to, and in livers one-half of, the concentration in the feed. Mercury did not accumulate as much in the tissues; residues attained were one-twentieth or less of those in the feed. ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0041-008X(74)90175-6","usgsCitation":"Dieter, M.P., 1974, Plasma enzyme activities in coturnix quail fed graded doses of DDE, polychlorinated biphenyl, malathion, and mercuric chloride: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v. 27, no. 1, p. 86-98, https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(74)90175-6.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"86","endPage":"98","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194095,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16216,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(74)90175-6","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683c76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dieter, M. P.","contributorId":89626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieter","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70211092,"text":"70211092 - 1974 - Estimating the “thickness” of the Boulder Batholith, Montana, from heat-flow and heat-productivity data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-14T16:47:54.546602","indexId":"70211092","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-13T11:14:25","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating the “thickness” of the Boulder Batholith, Montana, from heat-flow and heat-productivity data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Estimates of minimum thickness of the Boulder batholith, computed using the linear relation between heat flow and heat productivity and assuming constant heat productivity with depth, are highly nonspecific. They can vary between about 3 and 20 km, depending on values of surface-rock heat productivity and values of assumed contribution of nonbatholith heat sources (such as lower crustal and upper mantle) to the measured surface heat flow used in the calculations. Models involving radiogenic heat sources decreasing with depth in the batholith lead to significantly greater estimates of thickness by as much as a factor of two or more. A reappraisal of data and arguments related to earlier conflicting estimates, based only on one heat-flow determination and within the context of several newly published additional heat-flow measurements, indicates that the previous differences of opinion are negligible and acceptable, in view of the enormous uncertainties inherent in the method of estimation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1974)2<457:ETTOTB>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Tilling, R.I., 1974, Estimating the “thickness” of the Boulder Batholith, Montana, from heat-flow and heat-productivity data: Geology, v. 2, no. 9, p. 457-460, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1974)2<457:ETTOTB>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"457","endPage":"460","costCenters":[{"id":153,"text":"California Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376372,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tilling, Robert I. 0000-0003-4263-7221 rtilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":2567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"Robert","email":"rtilling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":792756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70175787,"text":"70175787 - 1974 - Status of projects in Minnesota, 1974-75 fiscal years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T11:55:32","indexId":"70175787","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-11T11:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Status of projects in Minnesota, 1974-75 fiscal years","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/70175787","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1974, Status of projects in Minnesota, 1974-75 fiscal years, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70175787.","productDescription":"49 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326912,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70156688,"text":"70156688 - 1974 - The calculation of aquifer chemistry in hot-water geothermal systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-08T16:12:09","indexId":"70156688","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-11T09:15:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The calculation of aquifer chemistry in hot-water geothermal systems","docAbstract":"<p>The temperature and chemical conditions (pH, gas pressure, and ion activities) in a geothermal aquifer supplying a producing bore can be calculated from the enthalpy of the total fluid (liquid + vapor) produced and chemical analyses of water and steam separated and collected at known pressures. Alternatively, if a single water phase exists in the aquifer, the complete analysis (including gases) of a sample collected from the aquifer by a downhole sampler is sufficient to determine the aquifer chemistry without a measured value of the enthalpy. The assumptions made are that the fluid is produced from a single aquifer and is homogeneous in enthalpy and chemical composition. These calculations of aquifer chemistry involving large amounts of ancillary information and many iterations require computer methods. A computer program in PL-1 to perform these calculations is available from the National Technical Information Service as document PB-219 376.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Truesdell, A.H., and Singers, W., 1974, The calculation of aquifer chemistry in hot-water geothermal systems: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 2, no. 3, p. 271-278.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"278","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307496,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307495,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1974/vol2issue3/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"21.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dd91c0e4b0518e354dd1cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Truesdell, Alfred H.","contributorId":33448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truesdell","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singers, Wendy","contributorId":147021,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singers","given":"Wendy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70175801,"text":"70175801 - 1974 - The natural quality of ground water in Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T12:06:32","indexId":"70175801","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-10T11:30:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":105,"text":"Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"26","title":"The natural quality of ground water in Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., 1974, The natural quality of ground water in Minnesota: Bulletin 26, 25 p.","productDescription":"25 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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,{"id":70210568,"text":"70210568 - 1974 - Nature of the angular unconformity between the Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks and the mesozoic metavolcanic rocks in the eastern Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-09T18:51:03.61903","indexId":"70210568","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-09T13:35:47","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nature of the angular unconformity between the Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks and the mesozoic metavolcanic rocks in the eastern Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Two major wall-rock sequences, the Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks and the Mesozoic metavolcanic rocks, in the eastern Sierra Nevada, California, are separated by an angular unconformity rather than by a fault as has been proposed by other investigators. The unconformity is parallel to formation contacts in the younger metavolcanic rocks and crosscuts formation contacts in the older metasedimentary rocks. Locally, basal conglomerate with pebbles derived from the older metasedimentary rocks occurs just above the unconformity. The older metasedimentary rocks consist mostly of former marl, chert, and mudstone; they contain three generations of superposed structures. The younger metavolcanic rocks consist mostly of former andesite flows, tuff, and graywacke; these contain only the younger two generations of superposed structures. The sinuous trace of the unconformity is primarily the result of superposed deformations of regional scale which occur in most roof pendants of the eastern Sierra Nevada.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1974)85<571:NOTAUB>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Brook, C., Nokleberg, W.J., and Kistler, R., 1974, Nature of the angular unconformity between the Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks and the mesozoic metavolcanic rocks in the eastern Sierra Nevada, California: GSA Bulletin, v. 85, no. 4, p. 571-576, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1974)85<571:NOTAUB>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"571","endPage":"576","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":375475,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.68505859375,\n              37.64903402157866\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.43261718749999,\n              37.64903402157866\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.43261718749999,\n              38.272688535980976\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.68505859375,\n              38.272688535980976\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.68505859375,\n              37.64903402157866\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brook, C.A.","contributorId":82699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brook","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kistler, Ronald W.","contributorId":56969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kistler","given":"Ronald W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70011097,"text":"70011097 - 1974 - Meteoric water in magmas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-22T23:24:03.327636","indexId":"70011097","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Meteoric water in magmas","docAbstract":"<p><span>Oxygen isotope analyses of sanidine phenocrysts from rhyolitic sequences in Nevada, Colorado, and the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field show that δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O decreased in these magmas as a function of time. This decrease in δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O may have been caused by isotopic exchange between the magma and groundwater low in&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O. For the Yellowstone Plateau rhyolites, 7000 cubic kilometers of magma could decrease in δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O by 2 per mil in 600,000 years by reacting with water equivalent to 3 millimeters of precipitation per year, which is only 0.3 percent of the present annual precipitation in this region. The possibility of reaction between large magmatic bodies and meteoric water at liquidus temperatures has major implications in the possible differentiation history of the magma and in the generation of ore deposits.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.184.4141.1069","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Friedman, I., Lipman, P.W., Obradovich, J.D., Gleason, J., and Christiansen, R., 1974, Meteoric water in magmas: Science, v. 184, no. 4141, p. 1069-1072, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.184.4141.1069.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1069","endPage":"1072","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221423,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Nevada, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.23999132013498,\n              45.935773758631285\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.60793917262012,\n              42.266999426720005\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.86043547304212,\n              42.18852352976382\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.8492859795918,\n              38.98572686499257\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.49187923620231,\n              34.91906133553974\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.00849170821404,\n              41.77835564058566\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.71273433742026,\n              42.16814937162346\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.70389621084311,\n              44.13504673205051\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.19727117082506,\n              45.880401950645734\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.23999132013498,\n              45.935773758631285\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.10277921821981,\n              45.01547774018505\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.10277921821981,\n              43.10666268509371\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.92492441836777,\n              43.10666268509371\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.92492441836777,\n              45.01547774018505\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.10277921821981,\n              45.01547774018505\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"184","issue":"4141","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5510e4b0c8380cd6d0fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, I.","contributorId":95596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lipman, P. W.","contributorId":93470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"P.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Obradovich, J. D.","contributorId":48966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obradovich","given":"J.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gleason, J.D.","contributorId":27072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleason","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Christiansen, R.L. 0000-0002-8017-3918","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8017-3918","contributorId":25565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70047583,"text":"70047583 - 1974 - Preliminary report on geology along Atlantic continental margin of northeastern United States","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":17559,"text":"ofr73191 - 1973 - Preliminary report on the geology along the Atlantic Continental margin of the northeastern United States","indexId":"ofr73191","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary report on the geology along the Atlantic Continental margin of the northeastern United States"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047583,"text":"70047583 - 1974 - Preliminary report on geology along Atlantic continental margin of northeastern United States","indexId":"70047583","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary report on geology along Atlantic continental margin of northeastern United States"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-25T17:02:42.071905","indexId":"70047583","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-01T15:39:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary report on geology along Atlantic continental margin of northeastern United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>The U.S. Geological Survey is conducting a geologic and geophysical study of the northeastern United States outer continental shelf and the adjacent slope from Georges Bank to Cape Hatteras. The study also includes the adjacent coastal plain because it is a more accessible extension of the shelf. The total study area is about 324,000 sq km, of which the shelf and slope constitute about 181,000 sq km and the coastal plain constitutes 143,000 sq km. The shelf width ranges from about 30 km at Cape Hatteras to about 195 km off Raritan Bay and on Georges Bank. Analyses of bottom samples make if possible to construct a preliminary geologic map of the shelf and slope to a water depth of 2,000 m. The oldest beds cropping out in the submarine canyons and on the slope are of early Late Cretaceous age. Beds of Early Cretaceous and Jurassic age are present in deep wells onshore and probably are present beneath the shelf in the area of this study. Such beds are reported beneath the Scotian shelf on the northeast where they include limestone, salt, and anhydrite. Preliminary conclusions suggest a considerably thicker Mesozoic sedimentary sequence than has been described previously. The region is large; the sedimentary wedge is thick; structures seem favorable; and the hydrocarbon potential may be considerable.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/83D9163C-16C7-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Minard, J.P., Perry, W.J., Weed, E.G., Rhodehamel, E., Robbins, E.I., and Mixon, R.B., 1974, Preliminary report on geology along Atlantic continental margin of northeastern United States: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 58, no. 6, p. 1169-1178, https://doi.org/10.1306/83D9163C-16C7-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1169","endPage":"1178","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":276554,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic continental margin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.98837832966728,\n              34.812181314867246\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.00721595053707,\n              34.747145614653704\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.01182798064679,\n              40.574291170461464\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.46054215433553,\n              41.726809748008094\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.74976919871233,\n              40.72629404099882\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.5615838343083,\n              38.28044893285855\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.29904069823598,\n              36.46920899694598\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.01650388398812,\n              34.7425665714845\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.98837832966728,\n              34.812181314867246\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520a03f7e4b0026c2bc11c56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minard, J. P.","contributorId":8065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minard","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perry, W. J.","contributorId":24752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weed, Elaine G. A.","contributorId":91496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weed","given":"Elaine","email":"","middleInitial":"G. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rhodehamel, E. C.","contributorId":91517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhodehamel","given":"E. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robbins, E. I.","contributorId":101269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mixon, R. B.","contributorId":11235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mixon","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70247299,"text":"70247299 - 1974 - An optimum reduction of gauges to meet data program constraints","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-26T16:51:46.005908","indexId":"70247299","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-01T11:49:27","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1926,"text":"Hydrological Sciences Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An optimum reduction of gauges to meet data program constraints","docAbstract":"<p><span>Budget or manpower constraints may force a reduction in data collection activities. However, information may be transferred from continued gauge sites to discontinued gauge sites provided there is ‘sufficient’ correlation between flow sequences. Information defined as the reciprocal of variance (of the parameter estimator for which the gauge has been established) is provided at ungauged sites by regression techniques. A set of gauge sites is chosen to satisfy the budget constraint and to maximize the information content. The information content based on regression is a function of the correlations between flow sequences and is subject to the errors in their estimators. Post optimal analysis gives estimates of correlation error effects on the decision process as to which gauges to continue and which to discontinue.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02626667409493920","usgsCitation":"Maddock, T., 1974, An optimum reduction of gauges to meet data program constraints: Hydrological Sciences Bulletin, v. 19, no. 3, p. 337-345, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667409493920.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"337","endPage":"345","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419362,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-01-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maddock, Thomas III","contributorId":32983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maddock","given":"Thomas","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70246986,"text":"70246986 - 1974 - Changes in oxygen and primary production of the Patuxent estuary, Maryland, 1963 through 1969","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-20T16:18:38.375696","indexId":"70246986","displayToPublicDate":"1974-06-01T11:09:21","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1228,"text":"Chesapeake Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in oxygen and primary production of the Patuxent estuary, Maryland, 1963 through 1969","docAbstract":"<p>From 1963 through 1969, the U.S. Geological Survey operated a water-quality monitor system in the upper-middle Patuxent estuary, near Benedict, Maryland. Over the period of record, a pronounced change occurred in the diel (24 hr.) oxygen measurement, particularly during the months of July, August, and September. Annual variations of dissolved oxygen ranged from 3.6 to 15.0 mg liter<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in 1964 and from 2.3 to 16.5 mg liter<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in 1969 with percentage saturation varying from 60 to 130 percent in 1964 and from 30 to 184 percent in 1969. The magnitude of diel summer oxygen variation changed from about 3 to 7 mg liter<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>day<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>over the same period.</p><p>From hourly values of temperature, oxygen, and conductivity, gross primary production (GP) and respiration (R) were estimated. Data representing greatest daily change for spring, summer, and autumn of each year and “average” values for each month of years 1964 and 1969 were analyzed for GP and R. From the seasonal data, GP ranged from about 3 to 25 g O<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>day<sup>−1</sup>, and R ranged from about 4 to 32 g O<sub>2</sub>m<sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>day<sup>−1</sup>. From the “average” days, GP ranged from 2 to 10 g O<sub>2</sub>m<sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>day<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in 1964 and from 1 to 16 in 1969. In 1964, daily average GP was 5.2 g O<sub>2</sub>m<sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>day<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>as compared to 6.1 in 1969, and respiration was 6.1 g O<sub>2</sub>m<sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>day<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in 1964 versus 10.2 g O<sub>2</sub>m<sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>day<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in 1969, increases of 20 and 16 percent, respectively. Ratios of GP/R averaged 0.84 in 1964 versus 0.60 in 1969, reflecting a larger respiration in 1969 and suggesting a trend towards community instability.</p><p>Productivity estimates by other investigators showed a two-to threefold increase in production over the same period of time. The increases in production were attributed to upstream domestic waste loading. If the present trend increases, metabolic imbalance and anaerobic conditions may develop.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.2307/1351265","usgsCitation":"Cory, R.L., 1974, Changes in oxygen and primary production of the Patuxent estuary, Maryland, 1963 through 1969: Chesapeake Science, v. 15, p. 78-83, https://doi.org/10.2307/1351265.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"78","endPage":"83","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419190,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Patuxent estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.42098575358602,\n              38.32186234744975\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.51137745504842,\n              38.42440915694752\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.61134004254791,\n              38.49602219424773\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.63904898062022,\n              38.92978259156996\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.75732875538374,\n              38.91686809103828\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.69545919721367,\n              38.416077445984826\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.53796324959583,\n              38.35606076419032\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.47096704733552,\n              38.29098650590859\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.42098575358602,\n              38.32186234744975\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cory, R. L.","contributorId":49456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cory","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":878472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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