{"pageNumber":"557","pageRowStart":"13900","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16498,"records":[{"id":10505,"text":"ofr81685 - 1981 - Hydrology and the effects of industrial pumping in the Nikiski area, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-01T22:19:07.162703","indexId":"ofr81685","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-685","title":"Hydrology and the effects of industrial pumping in the Nikiski area, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Ground-water consumption for industrial use at Nikiski increased from about 1 million gallons per day in 1968 to 4.2 million gallons per day in 1979. Water managers and local citizens are concerned that industrial pumping may reduce the esthetic and recreational value of local lakes. Some lake levels have declined as much as 8 feet since pumping began; the greatest declines occurred in lakes nearest the center of pumping.</p><p>Ground water occurs in three aquifers. The upper aquifer is unconfined and is hydraulically connected to most lakes and streams in the area. The upper two aquifers are hydraulically connected through a leaky confining layer, and water levels in the two aquifers fluctuate synchronously with changes in precipitation and changes in pumping from either aquifer. The hydraulic connection of the lower confined aquifer, the deepest of the three aquifers, to the other two aquifers is poor. Drawdowns caused by pumping have stabilized in all three aquifers. This indicates that the pumping is in equilibrium with the hydrologic boundaries. In the lower two aquifers, the potentiometric surfaces near some production wells are below sea level; however, no salt water has intruded the aquifers as far as the pumped wells. If intrusion occurs or if additional water supplies are needed, another potential site for ground-water development is the middle Beaver Creek basin, 7-10 miles east of the industrial area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81685","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Alaska Department of Natural Resources and Kenai Peninsula Borough","usgsCitation":"Nelson, G.L., 1981, Hydrology and the effects of industrial pumping in the Nikiski area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-685, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81685.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144638,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0685/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":419484,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0685/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Nikiski","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -151.45826580748331,\n              60.746844331157206\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.45826580748331,\n              60.6716276310604\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.2111813821138,\n              60.6716276310604\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.2111813821138,\n              60.746844331157206\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.45826580748331,\n              60.746844331157206\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e83f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Gordon L.","contributorId":55443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":10426,"text":"ofr81533 - 1981 - Hydrology of the Beryl-Enterprise area, Escalante Desert, Utah, with emphasis on ground water","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":10426,"text":"ofr81533 - 1981 - Hydrology of the Beryl-Enterprise area, Escalante Desert, Utah, with emphasis on ground water","indexId":"ofr81533","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology of the Beryl-Enterprise area, Escalante Desert, Utah, with emphasis on ground water"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70043399,"text":"70043399 - 1982 - Hydrology of the Beryl-Enterprise area, Escalante Desert, Utah, with emphasis on ground water; With a section on surface water","indexId":"70043399","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology of the Beryl-Enterprise area, Escalante Desert, Utah, with emphasis on ground water; With a section on surface water"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70043399,"text":"70043399 - 1982 - Hydrology of the Beryl-Enterprise area, Escalante Desert, Utah, with emphasis on ground water; With a section on surface water","indexId":"70043399","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology of the Beryl-Enterprise area, Escalante Desert, Utah, with emphasis on ground water; With a section on surface water"},"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-17T12:48:23","indexId":"ofr81533","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-533","title":"Hydrology of the Beryl-Enterprise area, Escalante Desert, Utah, with emphasis on ground water","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr81533","usgsCitation":"Mower, R.W., and Sandberg, G.W., 1981, Hydrology of the Beryl-Enterprise area, Escalante Desert, Utah, with emphasis on ground water: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-533, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81533.","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":144921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Escalante Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.1,\n              37.6\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.1,\n              38.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -113,\n              38.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -113,\n              37.6\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.1,\n              37.6\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db601ebc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mower, R. W.","contributorId":34898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mower","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandberg, G. W.","contributorId":55426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandberg","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":10402,"text":"ofr801216 - 1981 - Potential flood and debris hazards at Cottonwood Cove, Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Clark County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:32","indexId":"ofr801216","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-1216","title":"Potential flood and debris hazards at Cottonwood Cove, Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Clark County, Nevada","docAbstract":"At Cottonwood Cove, Nevada, most of the existing dikes at the recreation sites are effective in diverting and routing floodflows, up to and including the 100-year flood, away from people and facilities. The dikes across Ranger Residence Wash and Access Road Wash at the mouth divert floods up to the 50-year recurrence interval away from residential areas. Flow and debris damage in protected areas will be relatively minor minor for floods including the 100-year flood, whereas damage caused by sediment deposition at the mouths of the washes near Lake Mohave could be significant for floods equal to or less than the 100-year flood. The extreme flood, a flood meteorologically and hydrologically possible but so rare as to preclude a frequency estimate, could cause great damage and possible loss of life. The present dikes would be topped or breached by such flooding. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr801216","usgsCitation":"Moosburner, O., 1981, Potential flood and debris hazards at Cottonwood Cove, Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Clark County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-1216, iv, 14 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr801216.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143814,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1216/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38247,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1216/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":38248,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1216/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683878","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moosburner, Otto","contributorId":41822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moosburner","given":"Otto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":44656,"text":"wri8054 - 1981 - Appraisal of Hydrologic Information Needed in Anticipation of Lignite Mining in Lauderdale County, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:03","indexId":"wri8054","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-54","title":"Appraisal of Hydrologic Information Needed in Anticipation of Lignite Mining in Lauderdale County, Tennessee","docAbstract":"Lignite in western Tennessee occurs as lenses or beds at various stratigraphic horizons in the Coastal Plain sediments of Late Cretaceous and Tertiary age. The occurrence of this lignite has been known for many decades, but not until the energy crisis was it considered an important energy resource. In recent years, several energy companies have conducted extensive exploration programs in western Tennessee, and tremendous reserves of lignite have been found.\r\n\r\nFrom available information, Lauderdale County was selected as one of the counties where strip-mining of lignite will most likely occur. Lignite in this county occurs in the Jackson and Cockfield Formations, undivided, of Tertiary age. The hydrology of the county is known only from regional studies and the collection of some site-specific data. Therefore, in anticipation of the future mining of lignite, a plan is needed for obtaining hydrologic and geologic information to adequately define the hydrologic system before mining begins and to monitor the effects of strip-mining once it is begun.\r\n\r\nFor this planning effort, available hydrologic, geologic, land use, and associated data were located and compiled; a summary description of the surface and shallow subsurface hydrologic system was prepared: the need for additional baseline hydrologic information was outlined; and plans to monitor the effects of strip-mining were proposed. This planning approach, although limited to a county area, has transferability to other Coastal Plain areas under consideration for strip-mining of lignite.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri8054","usgsCitation":"Parks, W.S., 1981, Appraisal of Hydrologic Information Needed in Anticipation of Lignite Mining in Lauderdale County, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-54, vi, 67 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8054.","productDescription":"vi, 67 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3761,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri80-0054","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_80_54.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a3c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parks, William Scott","contributorId":52148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parks","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25754,"text":"wri8136 - 1981 - Results of hydrologic tests and water-chemistry analyses, wells H-4A, H-4B, and H-4C, at the proposed waste isolation pilot plant site, southeastern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-21T17:28:21.92385","indexId":"wri8136","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-36","title":"Results of hydrologic tests and water-chemistry analyses, wells H-4A, H-4B, and H-4C, at the proposed waste isolation pilot plant site, southeastern New Mexico","docAbstract":"Data were collected during hydrologic testing at wells H-4A, H-4B, and H-4C in the southern part of the proposed Waste Isolation Pilot Plant site in southeastern New Mexico. The three water-bearing zones tested, the Magenta and Culebra Dolomite Members of the Rustler Formation and the Rustler Formation-Salado Formation contact, yield water to wells at rates less than 0.9 gallon per minute. Throughout the testing, water-pressure response in the tested zone was monitored by a pressure transducer system. Shut-in and slug tests were conducted to acquire the data from which the following values were derived. Calculated transmissivities for the Magenta, Culebra and the Rustler-Salado contact at wells H-4A, H-4B, and H-4C were 0.06, 0.9, and 0.0006 foot squared per day respectively. Water samples from the Magenta and Culebra had dissolved-solids concentrations of 22,300 and 18,100 milligrams per liter, respectively. The major chemical constituents of ground-water samples from these two zones were sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Water samples from the Rustler-Salado contact had a dissolved-solids concentration of 322,000 milligrams per liter and magnesium, sodium, and chloride were the major constituents. Radium-226, a naturally occurring radioactive element, was present in samples from all three zones. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri8136","usgsCitation":"Mercer, J.W., Davis, P., Dennehy, K., and Goetz, C.L., 1981, Results of hydrologic tests and water-chemistry analyses, wells H-4A, H-4B, and H-4C, at the proposed waste isolation pilot plant site, southeastern New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-36, vii, 92 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8136.","productDescription":"vii, 92 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157099,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0036/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":492651,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0036/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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,{"id":43564,"text":"ofr811023 - 1981 - Hydrology and chemical quality of ground water in Kiowa County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-01T14:55:17","indexId":"ofr811023","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1023","title":"Hydrology and chemical quality of ground water in Kiowa County, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>Ground water is available in Kiowa County, Colo., in quantities suitable for municipal or irrigation uses from at least two aquifers, the Big Sandy-Rush Creek alluvial aquifer and the Ogallala aquifer. The Dakota Sandstone and the Cheyenne Sandstone Member of the Purgatoire Formation may provide marginally sufficient water for municipal or irrigation purposes. Whil e wells in parts of the Ogallala aquifer have shown significant water-level declines in recent years, the Dakota Sandstone and Cheyenne Sandstone Member of the Purgatoire Formation are virtually undeveloped in the county , primarily because of the depth to the top of these formations (500-1,00 feet). Where water is not available from the Big Sandy-Rush Creek and Ogallala aquifers in the county, supplies sufficient for domestic or stock use may be obtained from shallow wells in several minor aquifers. The quality of ground water in the county varies widely, but dissolved-solids concentrations are usually greater than 500 milligrams per liter, except in parts of the Ogallala aquifer. The water is generally very hard and sulfate concentrations are usually greater than 250 milligrams per liter, except in parts of the Ogallala aquifer. High concentrations of selenium (greater than 10 micrograms per liter) in three-fourths of the wells sampled and locally high concentrations of fluoride, nitrate, iron, and manganese limit the suitability of the ground water for municipal and domestic use. (USGS)</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr811023","usgsCitation":"Mustard, M.H., and Cain, D., 1981, Hydrology and chemical quality of ground water in Kiowa County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1023, 2 Sheets:  44.36 x 35.95 inches and 44.65 x 31.99 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811023.","productDescription":"2 Sheets:  44.36 x 35.95 inches and 44.65 x 31.99 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr811023.JPG"},{"id":309453,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1023/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":309452,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1023/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Kiowa","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-102.0454,38.6138],[-102.0443,38.2676],[-102.1749,38.2668],[-102.2858,38.2665],[-102.396,38.2662],[-102.5075,38.2662],[-102.6154,38.2661],[-102.741,38.2654],[-103.0571,38.2647],[-103.1691,38.2647],[-103.2787,38.2649],[-103.3972,38.2647],[-103.5004,38.2646],[-103.5019,38.3408],[-103.5066,38.3409],[-103.508,38.4366],[-103.5089,38.5159],[-103.5086,38.5236],[-103.3897,38.5239],[-103.2809,38.5224],[-103.1714,38.5236],[-103.1716,38.6111],[-103.1079,38.6133],[-103.0601,38.6135],[-102.9493,38.614],[-102.8386,38.6135],[-102.729,38.6133],[-102.6194,38.6131],[-102.5086,38.6128],[-102.4415,38.6122],[-102.3996,38.6128],[-102.2888,38.6132],[-102.1779,38.6134],[-102.073,38.6137],[-102.0695,38.6136],[-102.0454,38.6138]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Kiowa\",\"state\":\"CO\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a5e4b07f02db5c1491","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mustard, Martha H.","contributorId":91157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mustard","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":228392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cain, Doug","contributorId":101655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"Doug","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":228393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26691,"text":"wri8179 - 1981 - Hydrologic characteristics and possible effects of surface mining in the northwestern part of West Branch Antelope Creek basin, Mercer County, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-16T14:02:31","indexId":"wri8179","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-79","title":"Hydrologic characteristics and possible effects of surface mining in the northwestern part of West Branch Antelope Creek basin, Mercer County, North Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>Lignite beds and abundant discontinuous sandstone beds of the Paleocene Sentinel Butte Member of the Fort Union Formation and sand and gravel beds in the Quarternary glaciofluvial deposits (Antelope Creek aquifer) are the most important aquifers for domestic and livestock water supplies in the West Branch Antelope Creek basin. In the Beulah-Zap lignite, ground water moves from highland area in the west toward the Antelope Creek aquifer. Water levels in the basal Sentinel Butte sandstone appear to be controlled by the level of Lake Sakakawea. In the glaciofluvial deposits of the Antelope Creek aquifer water moves from a ground-water divide northwestward to Lake Sakakawea and southeastward toward the Knife River. Large water-level declines in wells completed in the lignite and shallower aquifers could be expected with mining. The effects probably would be limited to within 1 to 2 miles of an active mine. Surface-runoff duration could be altered by increased infiltration and retention in the reclaimed are and possible temporal extension of base flow could occur. Shallow ground water beneath mine sites would be expected to increase in dissolved solids and locally to contain large sodium and sulfate concentrations. In some locations movement of poor quality water toward the Antelope Creek aquifer would be expected. (USGS)</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri8179","usgsCitation":"Crawley, M.E., and Emerson, D.G., 1981, Hydrologic characteristics and possible effects of surface mining in the northwestern part of West Branch Antelope Creek basin, Mercer County, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-79, viii, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8179.","productDescription":"viii, 73 p.","numberOfPages":"84","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri8179.jpg"},{"id":310508,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0079/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","county":"Mercer County","otherGeospatial":"Antelope Creek","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-101.2568,47.2682],[-101.2572,47.242],[-101.7637,47.242],[-101.7633,46.9821],[-102.097,46.9809],[-102.1442,46.9822],[-102.1443,47.0125],[-102.1442,47.3276],[-102.2078,47.3292],[-102.2037,47.4828],[-102.2033,47.5674],[-102.2034,47.5734],[-102.2,47.572],[-102.1939,47.5703],[-102.1879,47.5681],[-102.1831,47.5667],[-102.169,47.5655],[-102.1583,47.5647],[-102.1442,47.5663],[-102.1262,47.5693],[-102.0948,47.5742],[-102.0885,47.5753],[-102.0545,47.5741],[-102.0535,47.5741],[-102.0377,47.5742],[-102.0295,47.5729],[-102.0243,47.5689],[-102.0179,47.5606],[-102.0226,47.5538],[-102.0238,47.5511],[-102.0258,47.5483],[-102.029,47.5446],[-102.0309,47.5404],[-102.0282,47.5372],[-102.0228,47.5345],[-102.018,47.5332],[-102.01,47.5342],[-102.0027,47.5371],[-101.996,47.5381],[-101.9906,47.5381],[-101.9866,47.5382],[-101.9813,47.5382],[-101.9759,47.5373],[-101.9692,47.5365],[-101.9624,47.5352],[-101.9584,47.5339],[-101.9517,47.533],[-101.9476,47.5321],[-101.9429,47.5308],[-101.9395,47.5299],[-101.9341,47.529],[-101.9301,47.5277],[-101.9246,47.5241],[-101.9192,47.5205],[-101.9151,47.5177],[-101.9137,47.5155],[-101.9097,47.5141],[-101.905,47.5119],[-101.8995,47.5087],[-101.8887,47.5038],[-101.8847,47.5033],[-101.8733,47.5034],[-101.8666,47.5035],[-101.8599,47.5036],[-101.8525,47.5023],[-101.8471,47.5009],[-101.8417,47.5005],[-101.8363,47.4992],[-101.8289,47.497],[-101.8235,47.4957],[-101.8175,47.4953],[-101.8095,47.4976],[-101.8035,47.4995],[-101.7975,47.5028],[-101.7922,47.5051],[-101.7849,47.5084],[-101.7723,47.5136],[-101.7643,47.5164],[-101.7583,47.5197],[-101.7524,47.5248],[-101.7458,47.5276],[-101.7371,47.5305],[-101.7177,47.5339],[-101.7124,47.5344],[-101.709,47.5353],[-101.703,47.5363],[-101.6963,47.5373],[-101.6883,47.5373],[-101.6782,47.5361],[-101.6674,47.5334],[-101.664,47.532],[-101.6573,47.5307],[-101.6506,47.5299],[-101.6425,47.5276],[-101.6331,47.5259],[-101.6117,47.5279],[-101.5943,47.5299],[-101.5756,47.5337],[-101.5563,47.5407],[-101.5489,47.5426],[-101.5335,47.545],[-101.5175,47.5502],[-101.5088,47.5512],[-101.5022,47.5522],[-101.4895,47.555],[-101.4814,47.5569],[-101.4701,47.5593],[-101.458,47.5626],[-101.44,47.5636],[-101.4353,47.5632],[-101.4299,47.5619],[-101.4251,47.5587],[-101.4048,47.5432],[-101.3967,47.5368],[-101.3872,47.5309],[-101.3811,47.5272],[-101.3791,47.5249],[-101.3757,47.5217],[-101.375,47.5199],[-101.3763,47.5171],[-101.3803,47.5139],[-101.3842,47.5111],[-101.3935,47.5051],[-101.3995,47.5023],[-101.4082,47.4981],[-101.4135,47.4953],[-101.4175,47.4934],[-101.4281,47.4878],[-101.4361,47.4823],[-101.44,47.4772],[-101.4413,47.4712],[-101.4412,47.4666],[-101.4412,47.4629],[-101.4398,47.4602],[-101.4391,47.4588],[-101.4364,47.4565],[-101.429,47.452],[-101.4229,47.4474],[-101.4174,47.441],[-101.4078,47.4241],[-101.4057,47.4172],[-101.4056,47.4103],[-101.4022,47.4025],[-101.4008,47.3984],[-101.398,47.3942],[-101.3967,47.3929],[-101.3947,47.3901],[-101.3933,47.3883],[-101.3913,47.3869],[-101.3885,47.3833],[-101.3845,47.381],[-101.3811,47.3783],[-101.3771,47.3755],[-101.371,47.3737],[-101.3663,47.371],[-101.3629,47.3669],[-101.3627,47.3535],[-101.3619,47.3434],[-101.3605,47.3338],[-101.3604,47.3278],[-101.3583,47.3228],[-101.3569,47.3191],[-101.3549,47.315],[-101.3542,47.3145],[-101.3515,47.3109],[-101.3508,47.31],[-101.3494,47.3072],[-101.3487,47.304],[-101.348,47.2994],[-101.3459,47.2953],[-101.3446,47.2916],[-101.3398,47.2889],[-101.3318,47.2889],[-101.3238,47.289],[-101.3051,47.2886],[-101.2978,47.2882],[-101.2937,47.2869],[-101.2897,47.2841],[-101.2856,47.2791],[-101.2796,47.2736],[-101.2735,47.2723],[-101.2675,47.2705],[-101.2568,47.2682]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Mercer\",\"state\":\"ND\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e970","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crawley, Mark E.","contributorId":59841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawley","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emerson, Douglas G.","contributorId":40579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emerson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":3127,"text":"wsp2068 - 1981 - Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":7233,"text":"ofr79988 - 1979 - Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah","indexId":"ofr79988","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":3127,"text":"wsp2068 - 1981 - Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah","indexId":"wsp2068","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-14T20:06:08.759442","indexId":"wsp2068","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2068","title":"Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>Data obtained during a hydrologic reconnaissance in 1975-77 in the Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area of Utah were correlated with existing long-term data. Maps were prepared showing average precipitation, average streamflow, stream temperature, ground- and surface-water quality, sediment yield, and geology. Recommendations were made for additional study and suggested approaches for continued monitoring in the coalfields areas.</p><p>moDuring the 1931-75 water years, the minimum discharges for the five major streams that head in the area ranged from about 12,000 to 26,000 acre-feet per year, and the maximum discharges ranged from about 59,000 to 315,000 acre-feet per year. Correlations indicate that 3 years of low-flow records at stream sites in the Wasatch Plateau would allow the development of relationships with long-term sites that can be used to estimate future low-flow records within a standard error of about 20 percent.</p><p>Most water-quality degradation in streams occurs along the flanks of the Wasatch Plateau and Book Cliffs. In the uplands, dissolved-solids concentrations generally ranged from less than 100 to about 250 milligrams per liter, and in the lowlands, the concentrations ranged from about 250 to more than 6,000 milligrams per liter.</p><p>Most springs in the Wasatch Plateau and Book Cliffs discharge from the Star Point Sandstone or younger formations, and the water generally contains less than about 1,000 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids. The discharges of 65 springs ranged from about 0.2 to 200 gallons per minute. The Blackhawk Formation, which is the principal coal-bearing formation, produces water in many of the mines. The dissolved-solids concentration in water discharging from springs and mines in the Blackhawk ranged from about 60 to 800 milligrams per liter.</p><p>In the lowland areas, the Ferron Sandstone Member of the Maneos Shale appears to have the most potential for subsurface development of water of suitable chemical quality for human consumption. Three wells in the Ferron yielded water with dissolved-solids concentrations ranging from about 650 to 1,230 milligrams per liter.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2068","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Waddell, K.M., Contratto, P., Sumsion, C.T., and Butler, J.R., 1981, Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2068, Report: v, 45 p.; 9 Plates: 40.00 in x 30.19 inches or smaller; Table: 12.50 in. x 13.45 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2068.","productDescription":"Report: v, 45 p.; 9 Plates: 40.00 in x 30.19 inches or smaller; Table: 12.50 in. x 13.45 inches","numberOfPages":"61","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414125,"rank":13,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25489.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":30038,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2068/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247290,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2068/plate-9.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Hydrgraphs for selected wells, Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah"},{"id":247284,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2068/plate-3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map showing average discharges of streams, Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah"},{"id":247283,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2068/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map showing average annual precipitation, 1931-75, Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah"},{"id":247282,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2068/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map showing general geology of the Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah"},{"id":139323,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2068/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":247289,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2068/plate-8.pdf","text":"Plate 8","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Fence diagram showing stratigraphic units and concentrations of dissolved solids, Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah"},{"id":247288,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2068/plate-7.pdf","text":"Plate 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map showing concentrations of dissolved solids in ground water, Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah"},{"id":247287,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2068/plate-6.pdf","text":"Plate 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map showing estimated sediment yields, Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah"},{"id":247286,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2068/plate-5.pdf","text":"Plate 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map showing concentrations of dissolved solids in surface water, Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah"},{"id":247285,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2068/plate-4.pdf","text":"Plate 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map showing estimated range of stream temperature, Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah"},{"id":247291,"rank":12,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2068/plate-table_2.pdf","text":"Table 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Published stream-gaging records and ranges of annual discharge, 1931-75 water years"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.54,\n              40.045\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.54,\n              38.687\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.059,\n              38.687\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.059,\n              40.045\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.54,\n              40.045\n            ]\n          ]\n       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Kay","contributorId":15598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Contratto","given":"P. Kay","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sumsion, C. T.","contributorId":23129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumsion","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Butler, John R.","contributorId":36540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":3021,"text":"wsp2177 - 1981 - Hydrologic effects of stress-relief fracturing in an Appalachian Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:45","indexId":"wsp2177","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2177","title":"Hydrologic effects of stress-relief fracturing in an Appalachian Valley","docAbstract":"A hydrologic study at Twin Falls State Park, Wyoming County, West Virginia, was made to determine how fracture systems affect the occurrence and movement of ground water in a typical valley of the Appalachian Plateaus Physiographic Province. Twin Falls was selected because it is generally unaffected by factors that would complicate an analysis of the data. The study area was the Black Fork Valley at Twin Falls. The valley is about 3 miles long and 400 to 600 feet wide and is cut into massive sandstone units interbedded with thin coal and shale beds. The study was made to determine how aquifer characteristics were related to fracture systems in this valley, so that the relation could be applied to studies of other valleys. \r\n\r\nTwo sites were selected for test drilling, pumping tests, and geophysical studies. One site is in the upper part of the valley, and the second is near the lower central part. At both sites, ground water occurs mainly in horizontal bedding-plane fractures under the valley floor and in nearly vertical and horizontal slump fractures along the valley wall. The aquifer is under confined conditions under the valley floor and unconfined conditions along the valley wall. The fractures pinch out under the valley walls, which form impermeable barriers. Tests of wells near the valley center indicated a change in storage coefficient as the cone of depression caused by pumping reached the confined-unconfined boundaries; the tests also indicated barrier-image effects when the cone reached the impermeable boundaries. Drawdown from pumping near the center of the valley affected water levels at both sites, indicating a hydraulic connection from the upper to the lower end of the valley. Stream gain-and-loss studies show that ground water discharges to the stream from horizontal fractures beneath Black Fork Falls, near the mouth of Black Fork. The fracture systems that constitute most of the transmissive part of the aquifer at Twin Falls are like those described as being formed from stress relief. As stress-relief fractures have been described in other valleys of the Appalachian Plateaus, the same aquifer conditions may exist in those valleys.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2177","usgsCitation":"Wyrick, G.G., and Borchers, J.W., 1981, Hydrologic effects of stress-relief fracturing in an Appalachian Valley: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2177, vii, 51 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2177.","productDescription":"vii, 51 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2177/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29851,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2177/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db606ff8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wyrick, Granville G.","contributorId":67493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wyrick","given":"Granville","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Borchers, James W.","contributorId":25931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borchers","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":38159,"text":"ofr81423 - 1981 - Hydrology of Area 33, eastern region, Interior Coal Province, Indiana and Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-03T11:54:45.501973","indexId":"ofr81423","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-423","title":"Hydrology of Area 33, eastern region, Interior Coal Province, Indiana and Kentucky","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81423","usgsCitation":"Wangsness, D.J., 1981, Hydrology of Area 33, eastern region, Interior Coal Province, Indiana and Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-423, v, 149 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81423.","productDescription":"v, 149 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":97383,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0423/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":165692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0423/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":388818,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12032.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana, Kentucky","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.7060,\n              37.3230\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.3230,\n              37.3230\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.3230,\n              38.3640\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.7060,\n              38.3640\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.7060,\n              37.3230\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db602059","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wangsness, David J.","contributorId":81475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wangsness","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31044,"text":"ofr8158 - 1981 - Methodology for hydrologic evaluation of a potential surface mine: East Trail Creek Basin, Big Horn County, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-17T22:20:28.567349","indexId":"ofr8158","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-58","title":"Methodology for hydrologic evaluation of a potential surface mine: East Trail Creek Basin, Big Horn County, Montana","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr8158","usgsCitation":"Hadley, R.F., Frickel, D., Shown, L., and Miller, R., 1981, Methodology for hydrologic evaluation of a potential surface mine: East Trail Creek Basin, Big Horn County, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-58, Report: vi, 79 p.; 1 Plate: 31.00 x 20.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8158.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 79 p.; 1 Plate: 31.00 x 20.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":412005,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12086.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":59600,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0058/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":20106,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0058/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":163373,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0058/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Big Horn County","otherGeospatial":"East Trail Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.4370,\n              45.119\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.4370,\n              45.023\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.209,\n              45.023\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.209,\n              45.119\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.4370,\n              45.119\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629fc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hadley, R. F.","contributorId":27028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hadley","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frickel, D. G.","contributorId":11213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frickel","given":"D. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shown, L. M.","contributorId":43757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shown","given":"L. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, R.F.","contributorId":83882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":30250,"text":"wri8090 - 1981 - Geology and hydrology for environmental planning in Marquette County, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-12T11:01:07","indexId":"wri8090","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-90","title":"Geology and hydrology for environmental planning in Marquette County, Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>Marquette County, in the glaciated area of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, includes 1,878 square miles. Precipitation averages 32 inches per year. </p><p>Bedrock and glacial deposits contain materials that are good aquifers. Sedimentary bedrock units generally yield sufficient water for domestic supply and, in places, may yield more than 100 gallons per minute to large-diameter wells. In the glacial deposits, sand and gravel beds are the principal aquifers; yields to wells range from less than 10 to 200 gallons per minute. Igneous and metamorphic rocks yield little or no water to wells. </p><p>Suitable sewage and refuse disposal sites are not readily available because of the abundance of wetlands, streams, and lakes susceptible to infiltrating leachate.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reson, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri8090","usgsCitation":"Twenter, F.R., 1981, Geology and hydrology for environmental planning in Marquette County, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-90, viii, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8090.","productDescription":"viii, 44 p.","numberOfPages":"55","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0090/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":343689,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0090/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Marquette County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-88.0385,46.9097],[-88.0252,46.9094],[-88.0166,46.9095],[-88.0053,46.9077],[-87.9953,46.9074],[-87.9847,46.9075],[-87.9714,46.909],[-87.9615,46.91],[-87.9489,46.9102],[-87.9323,46.9099],[-87.921,46.91],[-87.9124,46.9101],[-87.9051,46.9111],[-87.8937,46.9085],[-87.8883,46.9049],[-87.8775,46.8962],[-87.8769,46.8967],[-87.8681,46.8917],[-87.8581,46.8886],[-87.8481,46.886],[-87.8395,46.887],[-87.8316,46.8907],[-87.823,46.8922],[-87.8137,46.8904],[-87.809,46.8863],[-87.8009,46.8832],[-87.7929,46.8815],[-87.7863,46.8811],[-87.7796,46.8797],[-87.7769,46.8761],[-87.7781,46.8697],[-87.768,46.8638],[-87.7574,46.8611],[-87.7508,46.8653],[-87.7468,46.8658],[-87.7415,46.8654],[-87.7381,46.8586],[-87.738,46.8517],[-87.7372,46.8443],[-87.7357,46.8366],[-87.7303,46.8306],[-87.7236,46.8275],[-87.7123,46.8257],[-87.7056,46.8258],[-87.7003,46.8268],[-87.6957,46.8291],[-87.6925,46.8301],[-87.6898,46.8319],[-87.6906,46.8374],[-87.6893,46.842],[-87.688,46.8429],[-87.6841,46.8439],[-87.6787,46.8426],[-87.6746,46.833],[-87.6717,46.8187],[-87.667,46.8174],[-87.6564,46.8138],[-87.657,46.8111],[-87.6602,46.8083],[-87.6636,46.8087],[-87.6642,46.8074],[-87.6629,46.8064],[-87.6595,46.8051],[-87.6569,46.8056],[-87.6542,46.8065],[-87.6517,46.812],[-87.6497,46.8134],[-87.6484,46.8134],[-87.6464,46.8139],[-87.6398,46.8144],[-87.6351,46.8122],[-87.6331,46.8117],[-87.6257,46.8022],[-87.6169,46.7953],[-87.6035,46.7872],[-87.5922,46.7822],[-87.594,46.7744],[-87.5932,46.7653],[-87.5932,46.7625],[-87.5877,46.7492],[-87.5834,46.7305],[-87.5693,46.7182],[-87.5626,46.7164],[-87.5452,46.7019],[-87.5411,46.6955],[-87.5285,46.6933],[-87.5252,46.6919],[-87.5232,46.691],[-87.5244,46.6842],[-87.5243,46.6786],[-87.5242,46.6731],[-87.5168,46.6659],[-87.5074,46.654],[-87.506,46.6471],[-87.4993,46.6444],[-87.4907,46.6422],[-87.482,46.6395],[-87.4668,46.6369],[-87.4673,46.6291],[-87.4686,46.6249],[-87.4645,46.6163],[-87.4624,46.6108],[-87.4577,46.6092],[-87.4572,46.6089],[-87.4438,46.6008],[-87.4411,46.5949],[-87.4331,46.5908],[-87.4225,46.5909],[-87.4113,46.5928],[-87.4093,46.5877],[-87.4033,46.585],[-87.3993,46.5846],[-87.3934,46.5846],[-87.3894,46.5847],[-87.3868,46.5916],[-87.3822,46.5925],[-87.3809,46.5921],[-87.3789,46.5889],[-87.3795,46.5857],[-87.3814,46.5797],[-87.3874,46.5806],[-87.3906,46.5792],[-87.3932,46.5695],[-87.3884,46.5604],[-87.3836,46.5485],[-87.3757,46.5476],[-87.373,46.5458],[-87.3743,46.5449],[-87.3789,46.5435],[-87.3802,46.5393],[-87.3875,46.5434],[-87.3934,46.5411],[-87.394,46.537],[-87.3913,46.5319],[-87.3926,46.5296],[-87.3812,46.5182],[-87.3719,46.5114],[-87.3679,46.5087],[-87.3646,46.5064],[-87.3626,46.5055],[-87.3546,46.5015],[-87.3434,46.4979],[-87.3208,46.4921],[-87.2977,46.489],[-87.2654,46.4873],[-87.2443,46.4874],[-87.2337,46.4875],[-87.2093,46.4899],[-87.1922,46.4923],[-87.179,46.4956],[-87.1751,46.4993],[-87.1725,46.5038],[-87.1699,46.5052],[-87.1659,46.5057],[-87.1613,46.5021],[-87.1593,46.4984],[-87.154,46.4966],[-87.1381,46.4939],[-87.119,46.4959],[-87.1189,46.4175],[-87.1188,46.4033],[-87.1189,46.3469],[-87.1188,46.3323],[-87.1178,46.1578],[-87.2445,46.1572],[-87.2465,45.9841],[-87.3709,45.9847],[-87.4966,45.9852],[-87.6203,45.9852],[-87.6205,46.0712],[-87.6187,46.1582],[-87.6189,46.2476],[-87.7424,46.2469],[-88.1178,46.2471],[-88.1173,46.2819],[-88.1174,46.4194],[-88.1182,46.5042],[-88.1185,46.6793],[-88.0563,46.6791],[-88.045,46.6788],[-87.9921,46.6785],[-87.9918,46.7225],[-87.9919,46.7299],[-87.9921,46.7652],[-88.0464,46.7655],[-88.0459,46.9123],[-88.0385,46.9097]]],[[[-87.4114,46.6024],[-87.4134,46.6015],[-87.4174,46.6024],[-87.4201,46.6042],[-87.4201,46.6051],[-87.4214,46.6069],[-87.4241,46.6092],[-87.4228,46.6115],[-87.4202,46.612],[-87.4155,46.6115],[-87.4122,46.6107],[-87.4102,46.6097],[-87.4089,46.6079],[-87.4088,46.6056],[-87.4095,46.6038],[-87.4108,46.6029],[-87.4114,46.6024]]],[[[-88.008,46.9688],[-88.0026,46.9679],[-87.9993,46.9679],[-87.9953,46.9675],[-87.9913,46.9657],[-87.9886,46.9635],[-87.9925,46.9602],[-87.9992,46.9611],[-88.0032,46.9624],[-88.0059,46.9656],[-88.008,46.9688]]],[[[-87.9671,46.9513],[-87.9697,46.9513],[-87.9731,46.9535],[-87.9764,46.9549],[-87.9752,46.9581],[-87.9692,46.9582],[-87.9652,46.9568],[-87.9631,46.9523],[-87.9644,46.9513],[-87.9671,46.9513]]],[[[-87.3942,46.5979],[-87.3988,46.5975],[-87.4002,46.5997],[-87.4002,46.6011],[-87.3996,46.6029],[-87.3956,46.6021],[-87.3916,46.6012],[-87.3922,46.5993],[-87.3942,46.5979]]],[[[-87.3671,46.5986],[-87.3638,46.5981],[-87.3618,46.5981],[-87.3605,46.5954],[-87.3617,46.5926],[-87.3637,46.5926],[-87.3677,46.5935],[-87.3691,46.5958],[-87.3671,46.5986]]],[[[-87.3805,46.5595],[-87.3818,46.5595],[-87.3812,46.5632],[-87.3799,46.565],[-87.3766,46.565],[-87.3752,46.5641],[-87.3739,46.5619],[-87.3785,46.5595],[-87.3805,46.5595]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Marquette\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db6852a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twenter, F. R.","contributorId":81080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twenter","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":7811,"text":"ofr81686 - 1981 - Analysis and computer simulation of stream-aquifer hydrology, Arkansas River valley, southwestern Kansas","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":7811,"text":"ofr81686 - 1981 - Analysis and computer simulation of stream-aquifer hydrology, Arkansas River valley, southwestern Kansas","indexId":"ofr81686","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Analysis and computer simulation of stream-aquifer hydrology, Arkansas River valley, southwestern Kansas"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":982,"text":"wsp2200 - 1983 - Analysis and computer simulation of stream-aquifer hydrology, Arkansas River Valley, southwestern Kansas","indexId":"wsp2200","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"Analysis and computer simulation of stream-aquifer hydrology, Arkansas River Valley, southwestern Kansas"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":982,"text":"wsp2200 - 1983 - Analysis and computer simulation of stream-aquifer hydrology, Arkansas River Valley, southwestern Kansas","indexId":"wsp2200","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"Analysis and computer simulation of stream-aquifer hydrology, Arkansas River Valley, southwestern Kansas"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-08T19:05:44.313095","indexId":"ofr81686","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-686","title":"Analysis and computer simulation of stream-aquifer hydrology, Arkansas River valley, southwestern Kansas","docAbstract":"<p>A study was made, in cooperation with the Division of Water Resources, Kansas State Board of Agriculture, to determine geohydrologic conditions underlying nearly 110,000 acres of the Arkansas River Valley between the Colorado-Kansas State line and the Bear Creek Fault zone in southwestern Kansas. The Arkansas River meanders atop and interacts hydraulically with the area's unconfined sand and gravel aquifer. Owing to decreasing recharge and increasing discharge during the 1970's, water levels declined an average of 4 feet during 1970-79. Average annual streamflow at Syracuse, Kansas, also decreased from 232 cubic feet per second during 1951-69 to 85 cubic feet per second during 1970-79.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81686","usgsCitation":"Barker, R., Dunlap, L.E., and Sauer, C.G., 1981, Analysis and computer simulation of stream-aquifer hydrology, Arkansas River valley, southwestern Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-686, Report: 130 p.; 1 Plate: 45.28 x 23.50 inches; 54 Figures: 12.40 x 8.24 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81686.","productDescription":"Report: 130 p.; 1 Plate: 45.28 x 23.50 inches; 54 Figures: 12.40 x 8.24 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":495571,"rank":56,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0686/figure-53.pdf","text":"Figure 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G.","contributorId":52548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70011941,"text":"70011941 - 1981 - Patterns of groundwater salinity changes in a deep continental-oceanic transect off the southeastern Atlantic coast of the U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T23:08:29.015147","indexId":"70011941","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of groundwater salinity changes in a deep continental-oceanic transect off the southeastern Atlantic coast of the U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p>Investigations of formation-fluid salinities in a transect from western Georgia to the edge of the Blake Plateau off the coast of Georgia show surprisingly similar hydrochemical features offshore and onshore. A fresh-brackish wedge of groundwater (&lt;25 g/kg total dissolved solids) lies beneath the shelf to a depth of <span>∼ </span>900 m. On land, brackish waters extend to a maximum depth of <span>∼ </span>1.2 km below sea level in Lowndes County, Georgia. In deeper horizons, hypersaline brines (&gt; 100 g/kg) occur in Lower Cretaceous (?) strata. These strata have a pronounced evaporitic (anhydritic) character in the offshore segment. Strong salinity gradients in interstitial waters signify buried evaporite deposits at drill sites beneath the Blake Plateau.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(81)90154-2","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Manheim, F., and Paull, C.K., 1981, Patterns of groundwater salinity changes in a deep continental-oceanic transect off the southeastern Atlantic coast of the U.S.A.: Journal of Hydrology, v. 54, no. 1-3, p. 95-105, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(81)90154-2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"105","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221140,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Georgia, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"southeastern Atlantic coast of the U.S.A.","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.96091688004468,\n              33.8070332900253\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.47050643744609,\n              33.8070332900253\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.47050643744609,\n              29.204934495587977\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.96091688004468,\n              29.204934495587977\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.96091688004468,\n              33.8070332900253\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75d3e4b0c8380cd77d78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manheim, F.T. 0000-0003-4005-4524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-4524","contributorId":55421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"F.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paull, C. K.","contributorId":86845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012013,"text":"70012013 - 1981 - Geological considerations in hazardous waste disposal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T23:01:49.439277","indexId":"70012013","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geological considerations in hazardous waste disposal","docAbstract":"<p>Present regulations assume that long-term isolation of hazardous wastes - including toxic chemical, biological, radioactive, flammable and explosive wastes - may be effected by disposal in landfills that have liners of very low hydraulic conductivity. In reality, total isolation of wastes in humid areas is not possible; some migration of leachate from wastes buried in the gound will always occur. </p><p>Regulations should provide performance standards applicable on a site-by-site basis rather than rigid criteria for site selection and design. The performance standards should take into account several factors: (1) the categories, segregation, degradation and toxicity of the wastes; (2) the site hydrogeology, which governs the direction and rate of contaminant transport; (3) the attenuation of contaminants by geochemical interactions with geologic materials; and (4) the release rate of unattenuated pollutants to surface or groundwater. An adequate monitoring system is essential. The system should both test the extent to which the operation of the site meets performance standards and provide sufficient warning of pollution problems to allow implementation of remedial measures. </p><p>In recent years there has been a trend away from numerous, small disposal sites toward fewer and larger sites. The size of a disposal site should be based on the attenuation capacity of the geologic material, which has a finite, though generally not well-defined, limit. For slowly degradable wastes, engineered sites with leachate-collection systems appear to be only a temporary solution since the leachate collected will also require final disposal.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(81)90168-2","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Cartwright, K., Gilkeson, R.H., and Johnson, T., 1981, Geological considerations in hazardous waste disposal: Journal of Hydrology, v. 54, no. 1-3, p. 357-369, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(81)90168-2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"369","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222235,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a225de4b0c8380cd56f97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cartwright, K.","contributorId":50292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cartwright","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilkeson, R. H.","contributorId":17764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilkeson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, T.M.","contributorId":22332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185632,"text":"70185632 - 1981 - Subsurface injection of liquid waste in Florida, United States of America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T10:02:17","indexId":"70185632","displayToPublicDate":"1981-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5331,"text":"Science of Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsurface injection of liquid waste in Florida, United States of America","docAbstract":"<p><span>In 1979, liquid waste was injected into the subsurface of Florida by 10 injection systems at an aggregate average rate of 165,000 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>/d. All the systems inject into carbonate rocks that contain salty water. Extensive precautions are taken in the construction of the injection wells and in the monitoring of their operation to provide assurance that overlying and laterally contiguous freshwater resources do not become contaminated with either the injected waste or the saltwater displaced by the waste. Several concerns relating to the effectiveness of the confining bed above the injection zone for containing the injected wastes have arisen over the years. These concerns accentuate the value of a well-planned and implemented monitoring program from which one can evaluate the potential impact of waste injection on the subsurface environment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0048-9697(81)90146-7","usgsCitation":"Vecchioli, J., 1981, Subsurface injection of liquid waste in Florida, United States of America: Science of Total Environment, v. 21, p. 127-136, https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(81)90146-7.","productDescription":"10 p. ","startPage":"127","endPage":"136","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338333,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.62695312499999,\n              30.524413269923986\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.935546875,\n              29.84064389983441\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.353515625,\n              26.588527147308614\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.68359375,\n              25.403584973186703\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.716796875,\n              26.980828590472107\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.03515625,\n              29.916852233070173\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.298828125,\n              30.826780904779774\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.62695312499999,\n              31.203404950917395\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.62695312499999,\n              30.524413269923986\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d63042e4b05ec799131129","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vecchioli, John","contributorId":36113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchioli","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70186168,"text":"70186168 - 1981 - Role of numerical simulation in analysis of ground-water quality problems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-25T20:00:11.444584","indexId":"70186168","displayToPublicDate":"1981-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of numerical simulation in analysis of ground-water quality problems","docAbstract":"<p><span>The increasing public awareness and concern about the hazards of toxic chemicals contaminating aquifers has created an increased need for predictive capabilities to analyze ground-water contamination problems. Several digital models to simulate the movement and concentration of ground-water contaminants have been documented recently. Most simulate the transport and dispersion of a nonreactive solute, but some include mathematically simple reaction terms to represent decay and sorption processes. For applications to field problems, these solute-transport models impose data requirements that, in general, exceed our practical capabilities to accurately describe the field properties and stresses of the hydraulic and chemical systems. Thus, interpretations based on model analyses must recognize the significance of uncertainties in input data. Models of ground-water systems should be regarded as just one tool among many that can be used in the analysis of a ground-water quality problem. Numerical simulation can help the analyst integrate available data, evaluate conceptual models, test hypotheses pertaining to flow and quality changes, and predict system responses to alternative stresses. The models do not replace field data, but they do offer a feedback mechanism that can help to guide the design of a more effective and more efficient data-collection program.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0048-9697(81)90163-7","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., 1981, Role of numerical simulation in analysis of ground-water quality problems: Science of the Total Environment, v. 21, p. 299-312, https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(81)90163-7.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"312","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338831,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de1955e4b02ff32c699ce1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70203088,"text":"70203088 - 1981 - Reservoir analysis of the Denver earthquakes: A case of induced seismicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T16:06:40","indexId":"70203088","displayToPublicDate":"1981-04-18T11:29:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reservoir analysis of the Denver earthquakes: A case of induced seismicity","docAbstract":"<p><span>Injection of fluid wastes into the fractured Precambrian crystalline bedrock beneath the Rocky Mountain Arsenal near Denver triggered earthquakes in the 1960's. An analysis, based on the assumption that fluid flow in the fractured reservoir can be approximated by flow in a porous medium, is presented. The configuration and hydrologic properties of the reservoir are determined from two lines of evidence: (1) locations of earthquake hypocenters determined by seismic arrays installed at the Arsenal and (2) observed long-term decline in fluid levels in the injection well. Together these two sets of data indicate that a long, narrow reservoir, aligned in the direction N 60°W, exists. The reservoir is 3.35 km in width, extends 30.5 km to the northwest and infinitely to the southeast, and spans a depth interval from 3.7 to 7.0 km below land surface. It has a transmissivity of 1.08×10-5 m2/s and a storage coefficient of 1.0×10-5. Computed pressure buildup along the length of the reservoir is compared with the spatial distribution of earthquake epicenters. The comparison shows that earthquakes are confined to that part of the reservoir where the pressure buildup exceeds 32 bars. This critical value is interpreted as the pressure buildup above which earthquakes occur. The migration of earthquake epicenters away from the injection well, a phenomenon noted by previous investigators, can be accounted for by the outward propagation of the critical pressure buildup. The analysis is extended to examining the effects of rapid flow in fractures opened by high injection pressure. The results show that the effect is confined to a small region within 1 km of the injection well. The existence of a critical pressure buildup above which earthquakes occur is completely consistent with the theory on the role of fluid pressure in fault movement as presented by Hubbert and Rubey.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB086iB02p00903","usgsCitation":"Hsieh, P.A., and Bredehoeft, J.D., 1981, Reservoir analysis of the Denver earthquakes: A case of induced seismicity: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 86, no. B2, p. 903-920, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB086iB02p00903.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"903","endPage":"920","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/jb086ib02p00903","text":"External Repository"},{"id":363032,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountain Arsenal","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.99609375,\n              39.00851330385611\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.73291015625,\n              39.00851330385611\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.73291015625,\n              40.5930995321649\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.99609375,\n              40.5930995321649\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.99609375,\n              39.00851330385611\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"B2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hsieh, Paul A. 0000-0003-4873-4874 pahsieh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-4874","contributorId":1634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"Paul","email":"pahsieh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":39113,"text":"WMA - Office of Quality Assurance","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bredehoeft, John D.","contributorId":86747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bredehoeft","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70122670,"text":"70122670 - 1981 - Satellite observations of a geothermal submarine spring off Florida west coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-27T11:35:09","indexId":"70122670","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T11:30:27","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesNumber":"TPS81-1","title":"Satellite observations of a geothermal submarine spring off Florida west coast","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Satellite hydrology: proceedings of the Fifth Annual William T. Pecora Memorial Symposium on Remote Sensing, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, June 10-15, 1979","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","usgsCitation":"Kohout, F.A., Munson, R., Turner, R.M., and Royal, W., 1981, Satellite observations of a geothermal submarine spring off Florida west coast, <i>in</i> Satellite hydrology: proceedings of the Fifth Annual William T. Pecora Memorial Symposium on Remote Sensing, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, June 10-15, 1979, p. 570-578.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"570","endPage":"578","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293101,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.9755,24.5211 ], [ -87.9755,31.001 ], [ -80.6683,31.001 ], [ -80.6683,24.5211 ], [ -87.9755,24.5211 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53fef0eae4b01f35f8fd6a2d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Deutch, Morris","contributorId":113798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deutch","given":"Morris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509971,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiesnet, Donald R.","contributorId":106875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiesnet","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509969,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rango, Albert","contributorId":112973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rango","given":"Albert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509970,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Kohout, F. A.","contributorId":11593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohout","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munson, R.C.","contributorId":46016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turner, R. M.","contributorId":62585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Royal, W.R.","contributorId":103189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royal","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70039239,"text":"70039239 - 1981 - Maps for America: cartographic products of the U.S. Geological Survey and others","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-09T14:41:03","indexId":"70039239","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T11:24:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Maps for America: cartographic products of the U.S. Geological Survey and others","docAbstract":"<p>\"Maps for America\" was originally published in 1979 as a Centennial Volume commemorating the Geological Survey's hundred years of service (1879-1979) in the earth sciences. It was an eminently fitting Centennial Year publication, for, since its establishment, the Geological Survey has continuously carried on an extensive program of mapping to provide knowledge of the topography, geology, hydrology, and natural resources of our Nation. This volume contains an organized presentation of information about the maps produced by the Geological Survey and other American organizations, public and private. Such maps are important tools for those in government and in private endeavors who are working to assure the wisest choices in managing the Nation's resources. They are particularly supportive of the Department of the Interior's role as the Nation's principal conservation agency. The second edition of \"Maps for America\" is intended primarily to replenish the dwindling supply of copies of the book, but it also contains a number of changes to correct or update the text and to provide more suitable illustrations in certain instances.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70039239","usgsCitation":"Thompson, M., 1981, Maps for America: cartographic products of the U.S. Geological Survey and others (2nd), xiv, 265 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039239.","productDescription":"xiv, 265 p.","numberOfPages":"286","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261452,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039239/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":261451,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039239/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -125.15625000000001,\n              25.16517336866393\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.15625000000001,\n              48.922499263758255\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.5,\n              48.922499263758255\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.5,\n              25.16517336866393\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.15625000000001,\n              25.16517336866393\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"2nd","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a50abe4b0c8380cd6b848","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Morris M.","contributorId":21288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Morris M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70231797,"text":"70231797 - 1981 - Selected irrigation acreage estimates in northern Florida from Landsat data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-26T16:34:53.30884","indexId":"70231797","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T11:18:09","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Selected irrigation acreage estimates in northern Florida from Landsat data","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Satellite hydrology: Proceedings of the Fifth Annual William T. Pecora Memorial Symposium on Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Fifth Annual William T. Pecora Memorial Symposium on Remote Sensing","conferenceDate":"June 10-15, 1979","conferenceLocation":"Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","usgsCitation":"Webster, K.B., Lucas, J.R., Musgrove, R.J., and Higer, A., 1981, Selected irrigation acreage estimates in northern Florida from Landsat data, <i>in</i> Satellite hydrology: Proceedings of the Fifth Annual William T. Pecora Memorial Symposium on Remote Sensing, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States, June 10-15, 1979, p. 701-706.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"701","endPage":"706","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":401162,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.550048828125,\n              30.240086360983426\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.099609375,\n              30.334953881988564\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.781005859375,\n              30.38235321766959\n            ],\n            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B.","contributorId":292125,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webster","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":843858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lucas, J. R.","contributorId":292126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lucas","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":843859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Musgrove, R. J.","contributorId":292127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Musgrove","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":843860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Higer, A.L.","contributorId":8501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higer","given":"A.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":843861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70120213,"text":"70120213 - 1981 - Results of a modeling workshop concerning preservation and protection of wetlands in North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-13T10:30:00","indexId":"70120213","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T10:04:25","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Results of a modeling workshop concerning preservation and protection of wetlands in North Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>In a recently signed letter, the Governor of North Dakota and the Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Fish and Wildlife and Parks charged a joint state-federal study group with examination of two separate questions: 1) mitigation for the Garrison Diversion Project; and 2) planning for long-range protection and preservation of fish and wildlife habitat in North Dakota.  The cochair for this study group (the Secretary of the Interior's Field Representative, Denver, Colorado, and the Natural Resources Coordinator for North Dakota) further articulated the charge concerning the second of these two questions to include three steps: 1) development of a general plan for preservation and protection of migratory waterfowl and their associated wetland habitat; 2) a comprehensive analysis of alternative strategies, including opportunities and constraints, for achieving the goals articulated in Step 1; and 3) design of a coordinated state-federal public information program to assist in plan implementation.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>In order to obtain input from a variety of interests, the joint study group initiated step 2 activities with a five-day workshop in Bismarck, N. D.; December 8-12, 1980.  The objectives of the workshop were: 1) to identify alternative strategies for preserving and enhancing waterfowl production habitat in North Dakota; 2) to identify opportunities and constraints associated with those alternatives; and 3) to promote communication and understanding of the implications of those alternatives for all affected parties.  To achieve these objectives, the workshop utilized a group of concepts and techniques collectively known as Adaptive Environmental Assessment (AEA).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Developed by Dr. C. S. Holling and his co-workers at the University of British Columbia, the AEA process involves planners, managers, scientists, and other interested parties in a structures atmosphere whose focus is the construction and examination of a computerized simulation model of the resource system under consideration.  The modeling process is used to promote communication, identify pertinent issues, identify key data gaps and uncertainties, direct research efforts to fill those gaps, and explore the possible consequences of various management alternatives.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The workshop, which was facilitated by the AEA Group of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), was attended by approximately 25 invited participants representing a variety of interests concerned with the wetlands protection issue in North Dakota.  During the week workshop participants conceptualized and constructed a computerized simulation model incorporating many of the hydrologic, agricultural, and wildlife aspects of the wetlands issue.  During the process of constructing this model and examining its behavior, participants identified several interesting alternative strategies that may prove useful in an overall wetland protection program, along with a variety of constraints associated with each.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Perhaps the most interesting of these alternatives revolve around the idea that there may be a variety of cases in which water can be retained on the land, with concommitant benefits both for wildlife and flood control, without detriment to agricultural productivity.  Examples of this kind of activity include flooding of previously drained Type I wetlands in summer fallow areas, installation of smaller drains in Type I and III wetlands to reduce the rate at which water runs off in the spring, and use of strategically located gates in drainage channels associated with the state highway system to slow runoff and create wetland habitat.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Several other alternatives discussed at the workshop are related to the notion of using available, uncommitted water supplied to enhance or create wetlands.  Several cases were cited in which more certain water supplies would be useful in increasing waterfowl production or reducing disease problems, especially in dry years.  Water for such purposes might come from a variety of current of proposed water development projects, both large and small scale.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Finally, the potential for re-establishment of \"unsuccessfully\" drained (i.e., not consistently usable for agricultural purposes) wetlands was discussed at some length.  There are apparently substantial acreages of such wetlands in North Dakota and a program to acquire and rehabilitate them might be of considerable utility.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The workshop was thus successful in accomplishing its first two objectives--identification of alternative strategies, opportunities, and constraints.  However, it would be naive to suppose that any of the alternatives discussed offers a complete, simple solution to the wetlands issue in North Dakota.  The most important result of the workshop may therefore be that which was accomplished relative to the third objective--promotion of communication and understanding.  It was gratifying and encouraging to see the spirit of communication and cooperation that developed by the end of the workshop.  The fact that representatives of many of the interests concerned with the wetlands issue participated in an open exchange of ideas and information marks an important step forward.  We believe that it is imperative that this cooperative attitude be maintained, and that there are a variety of ways in which this might be accomplished.  Perhaps the simplest would be a small-scale pilot project and research effort to determine the effects of wetland maintenance on summer fallow areas.  Such a research program would provide not only useful information, but an opportunity for many of the affected interests to begin working toward mutually acceptable solutions to the overall wetlands issue.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Western Energy and Land Use Team","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Andrews, A.K., Auble, G.T., Ellison, R.A., Hamilton, D.B., and Roelle, J.E., 1981, Results of a modeling workshop concerning preservation and protection of wetlands in North Dakota, 61 p.","productDescription":"61 p.","numberOfPages":"61","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292064,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.05,45.9351 ], [ -104.05,49.0007 ], [ -96.5545,49.0007 ], [ -96.5545,45.9351 ], [ -104.05,45.9351 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ec7bd1e4b02bf5a767409a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, Austin K.","contributorId":85516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Austin","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellison, Richard A.","contributorId":19087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hamilton, David B. hamiltond@usgs.gov","contributorId":193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David","email":"hamiltond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":497997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"James","email":"roelleb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70169265,"text":"70169265 - 1981 - Two examples of seismic zonation in the San Francisco Bay region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-12T12:45:13","indexId":"70169265","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two examples of seismic zonation in the San Francisco Bay region","docAbstract":"<p>The science of earthquakes in complex, requiring data and research in seismology, geology, soil mechanics, geophysics, hydrology, and engineering. Nevertheless, if earthquake hazards are to be reduced, earth science information must be translated from scientific and technical language into a form that can be effectively used by planners and decisionmakers.</p>\n<p>Out of the need to use earth science information in local and regional planning and decisionmaking came an experimental program-the San Francisco Bay Region Environment and Resources Planning Study. the study, begun in 1970, was jointly supported by the U.S Geological Survey and the U.S Department of Housing and Urban Development. The Association of Bay Area Governments and the planning firm of William Spangle and Associates, Inc., participated in the study and provided a liaison and communication link with other regional agencies and with local governments.</p>\n<p>Since 1975, the composition of the core group within the U.S Geological Survey concerned with seismic zonation has evolved to include seismoloists and engineers concerned with probabilistic approaches to earthquake damage and a planner to assist in the information transfer from scientists and engineers to city, county, and regional planning staffs.</p>\n<p>Three events have encouraged communities to attempt seismic zonation: passage of the Alquist Priolo Act by the California Legislature requiring special studies in zones encompassing potentially and recently active faults, preparation and adoption of seismic safety plan elements by cities and counties as required by California statute, and further development of a seismic zonation method. The method has four steps: postulating an earthquake of a given size and location; grouping geological materials with similar physical properties; predicting effects of the postulated earthquakes for each geologic unit by type of hazard of failure, namely surface rupture, ground shaking, flooding, liquefaction potential, and landsliding; and combining geologic effects by zones on the map (fig. 1).</p>\n<p>Examples of seismic zonation at various scales by cities and counties in the San Francisco Bay region show that scientific information can be used effectively in avoiding earthquake hazards and mitigating damage. Six examples were presented at the Second International Conference on Microzonation in 1978 and reprinted in a Survey Circular on the progress on seismic zonation.</p>\n<p>The method has been used in California by the cities of Mountain View, Novator, and San Francisco and the counties of Marin, Santa Clara, and San Mateo to develop zones which were used as a basis for their general plans, seismic safety plans, development policies or odrinances. Two of these examples, a city and a county, are described here.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Kockelman, W., and Brabb, E.E., 1981, Two examples of seismic zonation in the San Francisco Bay region: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 13, no. 3, p. 80-84.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"84","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319246,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.17321777343749,\n              38.496593518947556\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.651611328125,\n              38.59970036588819\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.0089111328125,\n              37.112145754751516\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.90979003906249,\n              36.87522650673951\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.0745849609375,\n              36.81368259124586\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.255615234375,\n              38.47079371120379\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.17321777343749,\n              38.496593518947556\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be56e4b0f59b85e02f5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kockelman, W. J.","contributorId":55427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kockelman","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brabb, E. E.","contributorId":43780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabb","given":"E.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011735,"text":"70011735 - 1981 - Dissolution of salt on the east flank of the Permian Basin in the southwestern U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T23:14:00.947333","indexId":"70011735","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissolution of salt on the east flank of the Permian Basin in the southwestern U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p><span>Hydrogeologic studies prove that natural dissolution of bedded salt occurs at shallow depths in many parts of the Permian Basin of the southwestern U.S.A. This is especially well-documented on the east side of the basin in study areas on the Cimarron River and Elm Fork in western Oklahoma, and on the Red River in the southeastern part of the Texas Panhandle. Four requirements for salt dissolution are: (1) a deposit of salt; (2) a supply of water unsaturated with respect to NaCl; (3) an outlet for removal of brine; and (4) energy to cause water to flow through the system. The supply of fresh groundwater in the region is recharged through permeable rocks, alluvium, terrace deposits, karstic features and fractures. Groundwater dissolves salt at depths of 10–250 m, and the resulting brine moves laterally and upward under hydrostatic pressure through caverns, fractures in disrupted rock, and clastic or carbonate aquifers until it reaches the land surface, where it forms salt plains and salt springs. In many areas, salt dissolution produces a self-perpetuating cycle: dissolution causes cavern development, followed by collapse and subsidence of overlying rock; then the resulting disrupted rock has a greater vertical permeability that allows increased water percolation and additional salt dissolution.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(81)90153-0","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Johnson, K., 1981, Dissolution of salt on the east flank of the Permian Basin in the southwestern U.S.A.: Journal of Hydrology, v. 54, no. 1-3, p. 75-93, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(81)90153-0.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"93","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220719,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas","otherGeospatial":"southwestern United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -103.8513673632736,\n              38.26164000698401\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.8513673632736,\n              32.766938120268534\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.49745337848722,\n              32.766938120268534\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.49745337848722,\n              38.26164000698401\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.8513673632736,\n              38.26164000698401\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0230e4b0c8380cd4ff2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, K.S.","contributorId":24385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70010353,"text":"70010353 - 1981 - Role of solute-transport models in the analysis of groundwater salinity problems in agricultural areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T10:08:17","indexId":"70010353","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":680,"text":"Agricultural Water Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of solute-transport models in the analysis of groundwater salinity problems in agricultural areas","docAbstract":"<p>Undesirable salinity increases occur in both groundwater and surface water and are commonly related to agricultural practices. Groundwater recharge from precipitation or irrigation will transport and disperse residual salts concentrated by evapotranspiration, salts leached from soil and aquifer materials, as well as some dissolved fertilizers and pesticides. Where stream salinity is affected by agricultural practices, the increases in salt load usually are attributable mostly to a groundwater component of flow. Thus, efforts to predict, manage, or control stream salinity increases should consider the role of groundwater in salt transport. Two examples of groundwater salinity problems in Colorado, U.S.A., illustrate that a model which simulates accurately the transport and dispersion of solutes in flowing groundwater can be (1) a valuable investigative tool to help understand the processes and parameters controlling the movement and fate of the salt, and (2) a valuable management tool for predicting responses and optimizing the development and use of the total water resource.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0378-3774(81)90050-0","issn":"03783774","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., 1981, Role of solute-transport models in the analysis of groundwater salinity problems in agricultural areas: Agricultural Water Management, v. 4, no. 1-3, p. 187-205, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-3774(81)90050-0.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"205","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219369,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.16015624999999,\n              37.055177106660814\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.9970703125,\n              37.055177106660814\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.9970703125,\n              41.11246878918088\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.16015624999999,\n              41.11246878918088\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.16015624999999,\n              37.055177106660814\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae6de4b0c8380cd870c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":358700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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