{"pageNumber":"558","pageRowStart":"13925","pageSize":"25","recordCount":69035,"records":[{"id":70112928,"text":"70112928 - 2014 - Performance of a surface bypass structure to enhance juvenile steelhead passage and survival at Lower Granite Dam, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-26T09:36:35","indexId":"70112928","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-18T13:57:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Performance of a surface bypass structure to enhance juvenile steelhead passage and survival at Lower Granite Dam, Washington","docAbstract":"<p><span>An integral part of efforts to recover stocks of Pacific salmon&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus</i><span>&nbsp;spp. and steelhead&nbsp;</span><i>O. mykiss</i><span>&nbsp;in Pacific Northwest rivers is to increase passage efficacy and survival of juveniles past hydroelectric dams. As part of this effort, we evaluated the efficacy of a prototype surface bypass structure, the removable spillway weir (RSW), installed in a spillbay at Lower Granite Dam, Washington, on the Snake River during 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006. Radio-tagged juvenile steelhead were released upstream from the dam and their route of passage through the turbines, juvenile bypass, spillway, or RSW was recorded. The RSW was operated in an on-or-off condition and passed 3&ndash;13% of the total discharge at the dam when it was on. Poisson rate models were fit to the passage counts of hatchery- and natural-origin juvenile steelhead to predict the probability of fish passing the dam. Main-effect predictor variables were RSW operation, diel period, day of the year, proportion of flow passed by the spillway, and total discharge at the dam. The combined fish passage through the RSW and spillway was 55&ndash;85% during the day and 37&ndash;61% during the night. The proportion of steelhead passing through nonturbine routes was &lt;88% when the RSW was off during the day and increased to &gt;95% when the RSW was on during the day. The ratio of the proportion of steelhead passed to the proportion of water passing the RSW was from 6.3:1 to 10.0:1 during the day and from 2.7:1 to 5.2:1 during the night. Steelhead passing through the RSW exited the tailrace about 15&nbsp;min faster than fish passing through the spillway. Mark&ndash;recapture single-release survival estimates for steelhead passing the RSW ranged from 0.95 to 1.00. The RSW appeared to be an effective bypass structure compared with other routes of fish passage at the dam.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2014.901256","usgsCitation":"Adams, N.S., Plumb, J.M., Perry, R.W., and Rondorf, D.W., 2014, Performance of a surface bypass structure to enhance juvenile steelhead passage and survival at Lower Granite Dam, Washington: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 34, no. 3, p. 576-594, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2014.901256.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"576","endPage":"594","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046409","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288826,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lower Granite Dam, Snake River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.56,45.15 ], [ -119.56,47.04 ], [ -114.51,47.04 ], [ -114.51,45.15 ], [ -119.56,45.15 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"34","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae77a4e4b0abf75cf2c196","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, Noah S. 0000-0002-8354-0293 nadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8354-0293","contributorId":3521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Noah","email":"nadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plumb, John M. 0000-0003-4255-1612 jplumb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4255-1612","contributorId":3569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumb","given":"John","email":"jplumb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perry, Russell W. 0000-0003-4110-8619 rperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":2820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","email":"rperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rondorf, Dennis W. drondorf@usgs.gov","contributorId":2970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"Dennis","email":"drondorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70112760,"text":"70112760 - 2014 - Methylmercury production in sediment from agricultural and non-agricultural wetlands in the Yolo Bypass, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T09:25:04","indexId":"70112760","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-18T12:59:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methylmercury production in sediment from agricultural and non-agricultural wetlands in the Yolo Bypass, California, USA","docAbstract":"As part of a larger study of mercury (Hg) biogeochemistry and bioaccumulation in agricultural (rice growing) and non-agricultural wetlands in California's Central Valley, USA, seasonal and spatial controls on methylmercury (MeHg) production were examined in surface sediment. Three types of shallowly-flooded agricultural wetlands (white rice, wild rice, and fallow fields) and two types of managed (non-agricultural) wetlands (permanently and seasonally flooded) were sampled monthly-to-seasonally. Dynamic seasonal changes in readily reducible ‘reactive’ mercury (Hg(II)<sub>R</sub>), Hg(II)-methylation rate constants (k<sub>meth</sub>), and concentrations of electron acceptors (sulfate and ferric iron) and donors (acetate), were all observed in response to field management hydrology, whereas seasonal changes in these parameters were more muted in non-agricultural managed wetlands. Agricultural wetlands exhibited higher sediment MeHg concentrations than did non-agricultural wetlands, particularly during the fall through late-winter (post-harvest) period. Both sulfate- and iron-reducing bacteria have been implicated in MeHg production, and both were demonstrably active in all wetlands studied. Stoichiometric calculations suggest that iron-reducing bacteria dominated carbon flow in agricultural wetlands during the growing season. Sulfate-reducing bacteria were not stimulated by the addition of sulfate-based fertilizer to agricultural wetlands during the growing season, suggesting that labile organic matter, rather than sulfate, limited their activity in these wetlands. Along the continuum of sediment geochemical conditions observed, values of k<sub>meth</sub> increased approximately 10,000-fold, whereas Hg(II)<sub>R</sub> decreased 100-fold. This suggests that, with respect to the often opposing trends of Hg(II)-methylating microbial activity and Hg(II) availability for methylation, microbial activity dominated the Hg(II)-methylation process, and that along this biogeochemical continuum, conditions that favored microbial sulfate reduction resulted in the highest calculated MeHg production potential rates. Rice straw management options aimed at limiting labile carbon supplies to surface sediment during the post-harvest fall–winter period may be effective in limiting MeHg production within agricultural wetlands.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.098","usgsCitation":"Marvin-DiPasquale, M., Windham-Myers, L., Agee, J.L., Kakouros, E., Kieu, L.H., Fleck, J., Alpers, C.N., and Stricker, C.A., 2014, Methylmercury production in sediment from agricultural and non-agricultural wetlands in the Yolo Bypass, California, USA: Science of the Total Environment, v. 484, p. 288-299, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.098.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"288","endPage":"299","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-046333","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288819,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288818,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.098"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yolo Bypass","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.8128,38.2329 ], [ -121.8128,38.5804 ], [ -121.5097,38.5804 ], [ -121.5097,38.2329 ], [ -121.8128,38.2329 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"484","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7779e4b0abf75cf2c13f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark","contributorId":57423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Windham-Myers, Lisamarie 0000-0003-0281-9581 lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0281-9581","contributorId":2449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Windham-Myers","given":"Lisamarie","email":"lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Agee, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-5964-5079 jlagee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5964-5079","contributorId":2586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agee","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlagee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kakouros, Evangelos 0000-0002-4778-4039 kakouros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4778-4039","contributorId":2587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kakouros","given":"Evangelos","email":"kakouros@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kieu, Le H. lkieu@usgs.gov","contributorId":25115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kieu","given":"Le","email":"lkieu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fleck, Jacob A. 0000-0002-3217-3972 jafleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-3972","contributorId":1498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Jacob A.","email":"jafleck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stricker, Craig A. 0000-0002-5031-9437 cstricker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-9437","contributorId":1097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"Craig","email":"cstricker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70095563,"text":"sir20145032 - 2014 - Simulation of the effects of rainfall and groundwater use on historical lake water levels, groundwater levels, and spring flows in central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-18T12:47:57","indexId":"sir20145032","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-18T12:42:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5032","title":"Simulation of the effects of rainfall and groundwater use on historical lake water levels, groundwater levels, and spring flows in central Florida","docAbstract":"<p>The urbanization of central Florida has progressed substantially in recent decades, and the total population in Lake, Orange, Osceola, Polk, and Seminole Counties more than quadrupled from 1960 to 2010. The Floridan aquifer system is the primary source of water for potable, industrial, and agricultural purposes in central Florida. Despite increases in groundwater withdrawals to meet the demand of population growth, recharge derived by infiltration of rainfall in the well-drained karst terrain of central Florida is the largest component of the long-term water balance of the Floridan aquifer system. To complement existing physics-based groundwater flow models, artificial neural networks and other data-mining techniques were used to simulate historical lake water level, groundwater level, and spring flow at sites throughout the area.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Historical data were examined using descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, and other exploratory analysis techniques to assess their suitability for more intensive data-mining analysis. Linear trend analyses of meteorological data collected by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration at 21 sites indicate 67 percent of sites exhibited upward trends in air temperature over at least a 45-year period of record, whereas 76 percent exhibited downward trends in rainfall over at least a 95-year period of record. Likewise, linear trend analyses of hydrologic response data, which have varied periods of record ranging in length from 10 to 79 years, indicate that water levels in lakes (307 sites) were about evenly split between upward and downward trends, whereas water levels in 69 percent of wells (out of 455 sites) and flows in 68 percent of springs (out of 19 sites) exhibited downward trends. Total groundwater use in the study area increased from about 250 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) in 1958 to about 590 Mgal/d in 1980 and remained relatively stable from 1981 to 2008, with a minimum of 559 Mgal/d in 1994 and a maximum of 773 Mgal/d in 2000. The change in groundwater-use trend in the early 1980s and the following period of relatively slight trend is attributable to the concomitant effects of increasing public-supply withdrawals and decreasing use of water by the phosphate industry and agriculture.</p>\n<br>\n<p>On the basis of available historical data and exploratory analyses, empirical lake water-level, groundwater-level, and spring-flow models were developed for 22 lakes, 23 wells, and 6 springs. Input time series consisting of various frequencies and frequency-band components of daily rainfall (1942 to 2008) and monthly total groundwater use (1957 to 2008) resulted in hybrid signal-decomposition artificial neural network models. The final models explained much of the variability in observed hydrologic data, with 43 of the 51 sites having coefficients of determination exceeding 0.6, and the models matched the magnitude of the observed data reasonably well, such that models for 32 of the 51 sites had root-mean-square errors less than 10 percent of the measured range of the data. The Central Florida Artificial Neural Network Decision Support System was developed to integrate historical databases and the 102 site-specific artificial neural network models, model controls, and model output into a spreadsheet application with a graphical user interface that allows the user to simulate scenarios of interest.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Overall, the data-mining analyses indicate that the Floridan aquifer system in central Florida is a highly conductive, dynamic, open system that is strongly influenced by external forcing. The most important external forcing appears to be rainfall, which explains much of the multiyear cyclic variability and long-term downward trends observed in lake water levels, groundwater levels, and spring flows. For most sites, groundwater use explains less of the observed variability in water levels and flows than rainfall. Relative groundwater-use impacts are greater during droughts, however, and long-term trends in water levels and flows were identified that are consistent with historical groundwater-use patterns. The sensitivity of the hydrologic system to rainfall is expected, owing to the well-drained karst terrain and relatively thin confinement of the Floridan aquifer system in much of central Florida. These characteristics facilitate the relatively rapid transmission of infiltrating water from rainfall to the water table and contribute to downward leakage of water to the Floridan aquifer system. The areally distributed nature of rainfall, as opposed to the site-specific nature of groundwater use, and the generally high transmissivity and low storativity properties of the semiconfined Floridan aquifer system contribute to the prevalence of water-level and flow patterns that mimic rainfall patterns. In general, the data-mining analyses demonstrate that the hydrologic system in central Florida is affected by groundwater use differently during wet periods, when little or no system storage is available (high water levels), compared to dry periods, when there is excess system storage (low water levels). Thus, by driving the overall behavior of the system, rainfall indirectly influences the degree to which groundwater use will effect persistent trends in water levels and flows, with groundwater-use impacts more prevalent during periods of low water levels and spring flows caused by low rainfall and less prevalent during periods of high water levels and spring flows caused by high rainfall. Differences in the magnitudes of rainfall and groundwater use during wet and dry periods also are important determinants of hydrologic response.</p>\n<br>\n<p>An important implication of the data-mining analyses is that rainfall variability at subannual to multidecadal timescales must be considered in combination with groundwater use to provide robust system-response predictions that enhance sustainable resource management in an open karst aquifer system. The data-driven approach was limited, however, by the confounding effects of correlation between rainfall and groundwater use, the quality and completeness of the historical databases, and the spatial variations in groundwater use. The data-mining analyses indicate that available historical data when used alone do not contain sufficient information to definitively quantify the related individual effects of rainfall and groundwater use on hydrologic response. The knowledge gained from data-driven modeling and the results from physics-based modeling, when compared and used in combination, can yield a more comprehensive assessment and a more robust understanding of the hydrologic system than either of the approaches used separately.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145032","issn":"2328-0328","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the St. Johns River Water Management District, Southwest Florida Water Management District, and South Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"O’Reilly, A.M., Roehl, E.A., Conrads, P., Daamen, R.C., and Petkewich, M.D., 2014, Simulation of the effects of rainfall and groundwater use on historical lake water levels, groundwater levels, and spring flows in central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5032, Report: xi, 153 p.; Appendix 1: ZIP; Appendix 2: XLSX; Appendix 3: PDF; Appendix 6: ZIP; Appendix 7: XLSX, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145032.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 153 p.; Appendix 1: ZIP; Appendix 2: XLSX; Appendix 3: PDF; Appendix 6: ZIP; Appendix 7: XLSX","numberOfPages":"169","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049051","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288816,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145032.jpg"},{"id":288811,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5032/appendix/sir2014-5032_appendix1-v2.5.zip"},{"id":288812,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5032/appendix/sir2014-5032_appendix2-gudv.xlsx"},{"id":288809,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5032/"},{"id":288810,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5032/pdf/sir2014-5032.pdf"},{"id":288813,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5032/appendix/sir2014-5032_appendix3_tableA3-1.pdf"},{"id":288814,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5032/appendix/sir2014-5032_appendix6-cfann-dss20120924.zip"},{"id":288815,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5032/appendix/sir2014-5032_appendix7-mdv.xlsx"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.0,28.0 ], [ -82.0,29.0 ], [ -81.0,29.0 ], [ -81.0,28.0 ], [ -82.0,28.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae782ce4b0abf75cf2ccb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Reilly, Andrew M. 0000-0003-3220-1248 aoreilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-1248","contributorId":2184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Reilly","given":"Andrew","email":"aoreilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roehl, Edwin A. Jr.","contributorId":108083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roehl","given":"Edwin","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Daamen, Ruby C.","contributorId":105391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daamen","given":"Ruby","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Petkewich, Matthew D. 0000-0002-5749-6356 mdpetkew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-6356","contributorId":982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petkewich","given":"Matthew","email":"mdpetkew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70127576,"text":"70127576 - 2014 - PAH concentrations in lake sediment decline following ban on coal-tar-based pavement sealants in Austin, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-22T16:09:58.492334","indexId":"70127576","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-18T12:32:29","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"PAH concentrations in lake sediment decline following ban on coal-tar-based pavement sealants in Austin, Texas","docAbstract":"Recent studies have concluded that coal-tar-based pavement sealants are a major source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban settings in large parts of the United States. In 2006, Austin, TX, became the first jurisdiction in the U.S. to ban the use of coal-tar sealants. We evaluated the effect of Austin’s ban by analyzing PAHs in sediment cores and bottom-sediment samples collected in 1998, 2000, 2001, 2012, and 2014 from Lady Bird Lake, the principal receiving water body for Austin urban runoff. The sum concentration of the 16 EPA Priority Pollutant PAHs (∑PAH<sub>16</sub>) in dated core intervals and surficial bottom-sediment samples collected from sites in the lower lake declined about 44% from 1998–2005 to 2006–2014 (means of 7980 and 4500 μg kg<sup>–1</sup>, respectively), and by 2012–2014, the decline was about 58% (mean of 3320 μg kg<sup>–1</sup>). Concentrations of ∑PAH<sub>16</sub> in bottom sediment from two of three mid-lake sites decreased by about 71 and 35% from 2001 to 2014. Concentrations at a third site increased by about 14% from 2001 to 2014. The decreases since 2006 reverse a 40-year (1959–1998) upward trend. Despite declines in PAH concentrations, PAH profiles and source-receptor modeling results indicate that coal-tar sealants remain the largest PAH source to the lake, implying that PAH concentrations likely will continue to decline as stocks of previously applied sealant gradually become depleted.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Easton, PA","doi":"10.1021/es405691q","usgsCitation":"Van Metre, P., and Mahler, B., 2014, PAH concentrations in lake sediment decline following ban on coal-tar-based pavement sealants in Austin, Texas: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 48, no. 13, p. 7222-7228, https://doi.org/10.1021/es405691q.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"7222","endPage":"7228","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-052479","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294646,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Austin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.938383,30.098659 ], [ -97.938383,30.516863 ], [ -97.56842,30.516863 ], [ -97.56842,30.098659 ], [ -97.938383,30.098659 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"48","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542bc644e4b0abfb4c809879","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C.","contributorId":34104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahler, Barbara 0000-0002-9150-9552 bjmahler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-9552","contributorId":1249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"Barbara","email":"bjmahler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70110857,"text":"ds855 - 2014 - Mobile terrestrial light detection and ranging (T-LiDAR) survey of areas on Dauphin Island, Alabama, in the aftermath of Hurricane Isaac, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-18T09:32:54","indexId":"ds855","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-18T09:16:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"855","title":"Mobile terrestrial light detection and ranging (T-LiDAR) survey of areas on Dauphin Island, Alabama, in the aftermath of Hurricane Isaac, 2012","docAbstract":"Topographic survey data of areas on Dauphin Island on the Alabama coast were collected using a truck-mounted mobile terrestrial light detection and ranging system. This system is composed of a high frequency laser scanner in conjunction with an inertial measurement unit and a position and orientation computer to produce highly accurate topographic datasets. A global positioning system base station was set up on a nearby benchmark and logged vertical and horizontal position information during the survey for post-processing. Survey control points were also collected throughout the study area to determine residual errors. Data were collected 5 days after Hurricane Isaac made landfall in early September 2012 to document sediment deposits prior to clean-up efforts. Three data files in ASCII text format with the extension .xyz are included in this report, and each file is named according to both the acquisition date and the relative geographic location on Dauphin Island (for example, 20120903_Central.xyz). Metadata are also included for each of the files in both Extensible Markup Language with the extension .xml and ASCII text formats. These topographic data can be used to analyze the effects of storm surge on barrier island environments and also serve as a baseline dataset for future change detection analyses.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds855","issn":"2327-638X","usgsCitation":"Kimbrow, D.R., 2014, Mobile terrestrial light detection and ranging (T-LiDAR) survey of areas on Dauphin Island, Alabama, in the aftermath of Hurricane Isaac, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 855, Report: HTML document; Downloads directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds855.","productDescription":"Report: HTML document; Downloads directory","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055484","costCenters":[{"id":105,"text":"Alabama Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288755,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds855.gif"},{"id":288749,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0855/"},{"id":288753,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0855/title_page.html"},{"id":288754,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0855/Downloads"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","otherGeospatial":"Dauphin Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.233333,30.216667 ], [ -88.233333,30.3 ], [ -88.083333,30.3 ], [ -88.083333,30.216667 ], [ -88.233333,30.216667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae777be4b0abf75cf2c147","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimbrow, Dustin R. dkimbrow@usgs.gov","contributorId":3915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimbrow","given":"Dustin","email":"dkimbrow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":105,"text":"Alabama Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70098143,"text":"ofr20141057 - 2014 - Histograms showing variations in oil yield, water yield, and specific gravity of oil from Fischer assay analyses of oil-shale drill cores and cuttings from the Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-18T09:03:04","indexId":"ofr20141057","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-18T08:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1057","title":"Histograms showing variations in oil yield, water yield, and specific gravity of oil from Fischer assay analyses of oil-shale drill cores and cuttings from the Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"Recent studies indicate that the Piceance Basin in northwestern Colorado contains over 1.5 trillion barrels of oil in place, making the basin the largest known oil-shale deposit in the world. Previously published histograms display oil-yield variations with depth and widely correlate rich and lean oil-shale beds and zones throughout the basin. Histograms in this report display oil-yield data plotted alongside either water-yield or oil specific-gravity data. Fischer assay analyses of core and cutting samples collected from exploration drill holes penetrating the Eocene Green River Formation in the Piceance Basin can aid in determining the origins of those deposits, as well as estimating the amount of organic matter, halite, nahcolite, and water-bearing minerals. This report focuses only on the oil yield plotted against water yield and oil specific gravity.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141057","usgsCitation":"Dietrich, J.D., Brownfield, M.E., Johnson, R.C., and Mercier, T.J., 2014, Histograms showing variations in oil yield, water yield, and specific gravity of oil from Fischer assay analyses of oil-shale drill cores and cuttings from the Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1057, Report: iii, 12p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141057.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 12p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-041055","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288746,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141057.jpg"},{"id":288705,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1057/"},{"id":288742,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1057/pdf/ofr2014-1057.pdf"},{"id":288743,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1057/downloads/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Piceance Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.0,39.0 ], [ -112.0,43.0 ], [ -107.0,43.0 ], [ -107.0,39.0 ], [ -112.0,39.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7738e4b0abf75cf2c0ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dietrich, John D.","contributorId":53841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietrich","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brownfield, Michael E. 0000-0003-3633-1138 mbrownfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3633-1138","contributorId":1548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"Michael","email":"mbrownfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Ronald C. 0000-0002-6197-5165 rcjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-5165","contributorId":1550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Ronald","email":"rcjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mercier, Tracey J. 0000-0002-8232-525X tmercier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8232-525X","contributorId":2847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mercier","given":"Tracey","email":"tmercier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70189901,"text":"70189901 - 2014 - Variability common to global sea surface temperatures and runoff in the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-04T10:26:20","indexId":"70189901","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability common to global sea surface temperatures and runoff in the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Singular value decomposition (SVD) is used to identify the variability common to global sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and water-balance-modeled water-year (WY) runoff in the conterminous United States (CONUS) for the 1900–2012 period. Two modes were identified from the SVD analysis; the two modes explain 25% of the variability in WY runoff and 33% of the variability in WY SSTs. The first SVD mode reflects the variability of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the SST data and the hydroclimatic effects of ENSO on WY runoff in the CONUS. The second SVD mode is related to variability of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO). An interesting aspect of these results is that both ENSO and AMO appear to have nearly equivalent effects on runoff variability in the CONUS. However, the relatively small amount of variance explained by the SVD analysis indicates that there is little covariation between runoff and SSTs, suggesting that SSTs may not be a viable predictor of runoff variability for most of the conterminous United States.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/JHM-D-13-097.1","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., and Wolock, D.M., 2014, Variability common to global sea surface temperatures and runoff in the conterminous United States: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 15, p. 714-725, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-13-097.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"714","endPage":"725","ipdsId":"IP-051813","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-13-097.1","text":"Publisher Index 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 \"}}]}\n","volume":"15","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59858809e4b05ba66e9ea2aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":167116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory J.","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":706688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70154769,"text":"70154769 - 2014 - Reproductive ecology of lampreys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T15:28:44","indexId":"70154769","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Reproductive ecology of lampreys","docAbstract":"<p><span>Lampreys typically spawn in riffle habitats during the spring. Spawning activity and diel (i.e., during daylight and at night) behavioral patterns are initiated when spring water temperatures increase to levels that coincide with optimal embryologic development. Nests are constructed in gravel substrate using the oral disc to move stones and the tail to fan sediment out of the nest. Spawning habitat used by individual species is generally a function of adult size, where small-bodied species construct nests in shallower water with slower flow and smaller gravel than large-bodied species. The mating system of lampreys is primarily polygynandrous (i.e., where multiple males mate with multiple females). Lamprey species with adult total length less than 30&nbsp;cm generally spawn communally, where a nest may contain 20 or more individuals of both sexes. Lamprey species with adult sizes greater than 35&nbsp;cm generally spawn in groups of two to four. Operational sex ratios of lampreys are highly variable across species, populations, and time, but are generally male biased. The act of spawning typically starts with the male attaching with his oral disc to the back of the female’s head; the male and female then entwine and simultaneously release gametes. However, alternative mating behaviors (e.g., release of gametes without paired courtship and sneaker males) have been observed. Future research should determine how multiple modalities of communication among lampreys (including mating pheromones) are integrated to inform species recognition and mate choice. Such research could inform both sea lamprey control strategies and provide insight into possible evolution of reproductive isolation mechanisms between paired lamprey species in sympatry.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Lampreys: Biology, Conservation and Control","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht","doi":"10.1007/978-94-017-9306-3_6","isbn":"978-94-017-9306-3","usgsCitation":"Johnson, N., Buchinger, T.J., and Li, W., 2014, Reproductive ecology of lampreys, chap. <i>of</i> Lampreys: Biology, Conservation and Control, p. 265-303, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9306-3_6.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"303","ipdsId":"IP-028159","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340956,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591183b7e4b0e541a03c1a74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas S. njohnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":145449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas S.","email":"njohnson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buchinger, Tyler J.","contributorId":40508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchinger","given":"Tyler","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Li, Weiming","contributorId":65440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Weiming","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70102290,"text":"sir20145055 - 2014 - Conceptual model of the uppermost principal aquifer systems in the Williston and Powder River structural basins, United States and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-12T20:12:58","indexId":"sir20145055","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-17T13:37:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5055","title":"Conceptual model of the uppermost principal aquifer systems in the Williston and Powder River structural basins, United States and Canada","docAbstract":"<p>The three uppermost principal aquifer systems of the Northern Great Plains—the glacial, lower Tertiary, and Upper Cretaceous aquifer systems—are described in this report and provide water for irrigation, mining, public and domestic supply, livestock, and industrial uses. These aquifer systems primarily are present in two nationally important fossil-fuelproducing areas: the Williston and Powder River structural basins in the United States and Canada. The glacial aquifer system is contained within glacial deposits that overlie the lower Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous aquifer systems in the northeastern part of the Williston structural basin. Productive sand and gravel aquifers exist within this aquifer system. The Upper Cretaceous aquifer system is contained within bedrock lithostratigraphic units as deep as 2,850 and 8,500 feet below land surface in the Williston and Powder River structural basins, respectively. Petroleum extraction from much deeper formations, such as the Bakken Formation, is rapidly increasing because of recently improved hydraulic fracturing methods that require large volumes of relatively freshwater from shallow aquifers or surface water. Extraction of coalbed natural gas from within the lower Tertiary aquifer system requires removal of large volumes of groundwater to allow degasification.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Recognizing the importance of understanding water resources in these energy-rich basins, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Groundwater Resources Program (<a href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/ogw/gwrp/\" target=\"_blank\">http://water.usgs.gov/ogw/gwrp/</a>) began a groundwater study of the Williston and Powder River structural basins in 2011 to quantify this groundwater resource, the results of which are described in this report. The overall objective of this study was to characterize, quantify, and provide an improved conceptual understanding of the three uppermost and principal aquifer systems in energy-resource areas of the Northern Great Plains to assist in groundwater-resource management for multiple uses.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The study area includes parts of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming in the United States and Manitoba and Saskatchewan in Canada. The glacial aquifer system is contained within glacial drift consisting primarily of till, with smaller amounts of glacial outwash sand and gravel deposits. The lower Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous aquifer systems are contained within several formations of the Tertiary and Cretaceous geologic systems, which are hydraulically separated from underlying aquifers by a basal confining unit. The lower Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous aquifer systems each were divided into three hydrogeologic units that correspond to one or more lithostratigraphic units.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The period prior to 1960 is defined as the predevelopment period when little groundwater was extracted. From 1960 through 1990, numerous flowing wells were installed near the Yellowstone, Little Missouri and Knife Rivers, resulting in local groundwater declines. Recently developed technologies for the extraction of petroleum resources, which largely have been applied in the study area since about 2005, require millions of gallons of water for construction of each well, with additional water needed for long-term operation; therefore, the potential for an increase in groundwater extraction is high. In this study, groundwater recharge and discharge components were estimated for the period 1981–2005.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Groundwater recharge primarily occurs from infiltration of rainfall and snowmelt (precipitation recharge) and infiltration of streams into the ground (stream infiltration). Total estimated recharge to the Williston and Powder River control volumes is 4,560 and 1,500 cubic feet per second, respectively. Estimated precipitation recharge is 26 and 15 percent of total recharge for the Williston and Powder River control volumes, respectively. Estimated stream infiltration is 71 and 80 percent of total recharge for the Williston and Powder River control volumes, respectively. Groundwater discharge primarily is to streams and springs and is estimated to be about 97 and 92 percent of total discharge for the Williston and Powder River control volumes, respectively. Most of the remaining discharge results from pumped and flowing wells.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Groundwater flow in the Williston structural basin generally is from the west and southwest toward the east, where discharge to streams occurs. Locally, in the uppermost hydrogeologic units, groundwater generally is unconfined and flows from topographically high to low areas, where discharge to streams occurs. Groundwater flow in the Powder River structural basin generally is toward the north, with local variations, particularly in the upper Fort Union aquifer, where flow is toward streams.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145055","collaboration":"Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Long, A.J., Aurand, K.R., Bednar, J.M., Davis, K.W., McKaskey, J.D., and Thamke, J., 2014, Conceptual model of the uppermost principal aquifer systems in the Williston and Powder River structural basins, United States and Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5055, Report: viii, 41 p.; Appendix figures and tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145055.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 41 p.; Appendix figures and tables","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045678","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288697,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5055/pdf/sir2014-5055.pdf"},{"id":288698,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5055/downloads/"},{"id":288699,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145055.jpg"},{"id":288696,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5055/"}],"projection":"North American Lambert Conformal Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"Canada;United States","state":"Manitoba;Montana;North Dakota;Saskatchewan;South Dakota;Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Powder River Basin;Williston Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.9,42.5 ], [ -108.9,51.0 ], [ -98.2,51.0 ], [ -98.2,42.5 ], [ -108.9,42.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae765fe4b0abf75cf2bf4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Andrew J. 0000-0001-7385-8081 ajlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7385-8081","contributorId":989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew","email":"ajlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aurand, Katherine R. kaurand@usgs.gov","contributorId":2713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aurand","given":"Katherine","email":"kaurand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":492895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bednar, Jennifer M. jbednar@usgs.gov","contributorId":5164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bednar","given":"Jennifer","email":"jbednar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":492897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, Kyle W. 0000-0002-8723-0110 kyledavis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8723-0110","contributorId":3987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Kyle","email":"kyledavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKaskey, Jonathan D.R.G.","contributorId":28000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKaskey","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thamke, Joanna N. 0000-0002-6917-1946 jothamke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6917-1946","contributorId":1012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thamke","given":"Joanna N.","email":"jothamke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70102940,"text":"sir20145047 - 2014 - Hydrogeologic framework of the uppermost principal aquifer systems in the Williston and Powder River structural basins, United States and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-09T10:17:23","indexId":"sir20145047","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-17T13:12:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5047","title":"Hydrogeologic framework of the uppermost principal aquifer systems in the Williston and Powder River structural basins, United States and Canada","docAbstract":"<p>The glacial, lower Tertiary, and Upper Cretaceous aquifer systems in the Williston and Powder River structural basins within the United States and Canada are the uppermost principal aquifer systems and most accessible sources of groundwater for these energy-producing basins. The glacial aquifer system covers the northeastern part of the Williston structural basin. The lower Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous aquifer systems are present in about 91,300 square miles (mi<sup>2</sup>) of the Williston structural basin and about 25,500 mi<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;of the Powder River structural basin. Directly under these aquifer systems are 800 to more than 3,000 feet (ft) of relatively impermeable marine shale that serves as a basal confining unit. The aquifer systems in the Williston structural basin have a shallow (less than 2,900 ft deep), wide, and generally symmetrical bowl shape. The aquifer systems in the Powder River structural basin have a very deep (as much as 8,500 ft deep), narrow, and asymmetrical shape.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>The Williston structural basin has been an important oil and natural gas producing region since the 1950s, and production has increased substantially since the mid-2000s due to improved drilling and hydraulic fracturing methods from deep formations, such as the Bakken and Three Forks Formations. These improved methods require considerable volumes of freshwater mostly from shallow aquifers or surface water. Coal, lignite, and coal-bed natural gas are additional sources of energy in both basins that can affect the quality and quantity of shallow aquifers through strip mining and groundwater depletion.</p>\n<p>In 2011, the U.S. Geological Survey initiated a regional study of the glacial, lower Tertiary, and Upper Cretaceous aquifer systems in the Williston and Powder River structural basins with the goal to quantify groundwater availability. This report, together with a companion report of the conceptual flow model, provides an improved understanding of the groundwater flow systems and a basis for a numerical, regional groundwater-flow model.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>This study combines the lithostratigraphic units of the glacial, lower Tertiary, and Upper Cretaceous aquifer systems in the United States and Canada into 7 regional hydrogeologic units&mdash;glacial deposits, 4 bedrock aquifers, and 2 bedrock confining units&mdash;using general hydraulic properties. The glacial deposits are composed of till and glacial outwash sands and gravels with areas of cobbles and boulders. The four bedrock aquifers are the upper Fort Union, lower Fort Union, lower Hell Creek, and Fox Hills aquifers and are contained primarily in sandstone layers. The two confining units are the middle Fort Union hydrogeologic unit (shale) and upper Hell Creek hydrogeologic unit (contains less sandstone than the underlying lower Hell Creek aquifer). Water from hydrogeologic units in these three aquifer systems is relatively fresh and potable, whereas withdrawals seldom occur from units below the basal confining unit because of great depths (greater than 800 ft) and poor water quality.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Analysis of about 300 electric (resistivity) and lithologic logs in the Williston structural basin and numerous existing publications for the Powder River structural basin were used to develop a three-dimensional hydrogeologic framework for both basins. Interpolated thicknesses of the glacial deposits, the lower Tertiary aquifer system, and the Upper Cretaceous aquifer system in the Williston structural basin are less than about 750; 2,250; and 1,050 ft, respectively. Interpolated thicknesses of the lower Tertiary aquifer system and the Upper Cretaceous aquifer system in the Powder River structural basin are less than about 7,180 and 5,070 ft, respectively. Interpolated horizontal hydraulic conductivity values for the Williston structural basin were as much as 25 feet per day (ft/d) in the glacial deposits and had smaller ranges in the lower Tertiary aquifer system (0.01&ndash;9.8 ft/d) and in the Upper Cretaceous aquifer system (0.06&ndash;5.5 ft/d). In the Powder River structural basin, the lower Tertiary aquifer system had a greater range of interpolated horizontal hydraulic conductivity values (0.10&ndash;11 ft/d) than the Upper Cretaceous aquifer system (0.02&ndash;5.7 ft/d). Transmissivity is greatest in the gravel zones of the glacial deposits (2,120 feet squared per day) and generally decreases with depth into the bedrock units.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Regionally, water in the lower Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous aquifer systems flows in a northerly or northeasterly direction from the Powder River structural basin to the Williston structural basin. Groundwater flow in the Williston structural basin generally is easterly or northeasterly. Flow in the uppermost hydrogeologic units generally is more local and controlled by topography where unglaciated in the Williston structural basin than is flow in the glaciated part and in underlying aquifers. Groundwater flow in the Powder River structural basin generally is northerly with local variations greatest in the uppermost aquifers. Groundwater is confined, and flow is regional in the underlying aquifers.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145047","collaboration":"Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Thamke, J., LeCain, G.D., Ryter, D.W., Sando, R., and Long, A.J., 2014, Hydrogeologic framework of the uppermost principal aquifer systems in the Williston and Powder River structural basins, United States and Canada (Version 1: Originally posted June 17, 2014; Version 1.1: December 1, 2014): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5047, Report: viii, 38 p.; Appendix figures and tables; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145047.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 38 p.; Appendix figures and tables; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049955","costCenters":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296505,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145047.jpg"},{"id":288694,"rank":1,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5047/appendix/"},{"id":288695,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5047/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory"},{"id":288692,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5047/"},{"id":288693,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5047/pdf/sir2014-5047.pdf","size":"11.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"projection":"North American Lambert Conformal Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"Canada;United States","otherGeospatial":"Powder River Basin;Williston Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.0,42.5 ], [ -108.0,50.0 ], [ -99.5,50.0 ], [ -99.5,42.5 ], [ -108.0,42.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1: Originally posted June 17, 2014; Version 1.1: December 1, 2014","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae773de4b0abf75cf2c0c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thamke, Joanna N. 0000-0002-6917-1946 jothamke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6917-1946","contributorId":1012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thamke","given":"Joanna N.","email":"jothamke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LeCain, Gary D.","contributorId":52207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeCain","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryter, Derek W. 0000-0002-2488-626X dryter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2488-626X","contributorId":3395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryter","given":"Derek","email":"dryter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sando, Roy 0000-0003-0704-6258","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0704-6258","contributorId":26230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sando","given":"Roy","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Long, Andrew J. 0000-0001-7385-8081 ajlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7385-8081","contributorId":989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew","email":"ajlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70112701,"text":"sir20145067 - 2014 - Estimates of inorganic nitrogen wet deposition from precipitation for the conterminous United States, 1955-84","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T13:39:51","indexId":"sir20145067","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-17T13:03:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5067","title":"Estimates of inorganic nitrogen wet deposition from precipitation for the conterminous United States, 1955-84","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey&rsquo;s National Water-Quality Assessment program requires nutrient input information for analysis of national and regional assessment of water quality. Historical data are needed to lengthen the data record for assessment of trends in water quality. This report provides estimates of inorganic nitrogen deposition from precipitation for the conterminous United States for 1955&ndash;56, 1961&ndash;65, and 1981&ndash;84. The estimates were derived from ammonium, nitrate, and inorganic nitrogen concentrations in atmospheric wet deposition and precipitation-depth data. This report documents the sources of these data and the methods that were used to estimate the inorganic nitrogen deposition. Tabular datasets, including the analytical results, precipitation depth, and calculated site-specific precipitation-weighted concentrations, and raster datasets of nitrogen from wet deposition are provided as appendixes in this report.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145067","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Gronberg, J., Ludtke, A.S., and Knifong, D.L., 2014, Estimates of inorganic nitrogen wet deposition from precipitation for the conterminous United States, 1955-84: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5067, Report: viii, 18 p.; Appendixes 1-4, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145067.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 18 p.; Appendixes 1-4","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1955-01-01","temporalEnd":"1984-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-051313","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288691,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145067.jpg"},{"id":288688,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5067/downloads/sir2014-5067_Appendix_2_Lodge_data.xlsx"},{"id":288689,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5067/downloads/sir2014-5067_Appendix_3_noaa_data.xlsx"},{"id":288690,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5067/downloads/sir2014-5067_Appendix_4_Pearson_data.xlsx"},{"id":288686,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5067/pdf/sir2014-5067.pdf"},{"id":288687,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5067/downloads/sir2014-5067_Appendix_1_Junge_data.xlsx"},{"id":288679,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5067/"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  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Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knifong, Donna L. dknifong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knifong","given":"Donna","email":"dknifong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":494851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70049779,"text":"ds796 - 2014 - California Groundwater Units","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-20T21:31:53.452939","indexId":"ds796","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-17T12:47:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"796","title":"California Groundwater Units","docAbstract":"The California Groundwater Units dataset classifies and delineates areas within the State of California into one of three groundwater-based polygon units: (1) those areas previously defined as alluvial groundwater basins or subbasins, (2) highland areas that are adjacent to and topographically upgradient of groundwater basins, and (3) highland areas not associated with a groundwater basin, only a hydrogeologic province. In total, 938 Groundwater Units are represented. The Groundwater Units dataset relates existing groundwater basins with their newly delineated highland areas which can be used in subsequent hydrologic studies. The methods used to delineate groundwater-basin-associated highland areas are similar to those used to delineate a contributing area (such as for a lake or water body); the difference is that highland areas are constrained to the immediately surrounding upslope (upstream) area. Upslope basins have their own delineated highland. A geoprocessing tool was created to facilitate delineation of highland areas for groundwater basins and subbasins and is available for download.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds796","usgsCitation":"Johnson, T., and Belitz, K., 2014, California Groundwater Units: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 796, Report: iv, 34 p.; GIS; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds796.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 34 p.; GIS; Metadata","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-037814","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504585,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_100265.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":288678,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/796/"},{"id":288683,"rank":4,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/796/downloads/ds796_GIS.zip"},{"id":288684,"rank":3,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/796/downloads/ds796_metadata.txt"},{"id":288682,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/796/pdf/ds796.pdf"},{"id":288685,"rank":5,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds796.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.507642,32.425413 ], [ -124.507642,42.067151 ], [ -113.488240,42.067151 ], [ -113.488240,32.425413 ], [ -124.507642,32.425413 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae764ee4b0abf75cf2bf14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Tyler D. 0000-0002-7334-9188","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7334-9188","contributorId":64366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Tyler D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70110917,"text":"ds808 - 2014 - Summary of suspended-sediment concentration data, San Francisco Bay, California, water year 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-28T21:16:33.879069","indexId":"ds808","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-17T12:38:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"808","title":"Summary of suspended-sediment concentration data, San Francisco Bay, California, water year 2010","docAbstract":"Suspended-sediment concentration data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in San Francisco Bay during water year 2010 (October 1, 2009–September 30, 2010). Turbidity sensors and water samples were used to monitor suspended-sediment concentration at two sites in Suisun Bay, one site in San Pablo Bay, three sites in Central San Francisco Bay, and one site in South San Francisco Bay. Sensors were positioned at two depths at most sites to help define the vertical variability of suspended sediments. Water samples were collected periodically and analyzed for concentrations of suspended sediment. The results of the analyses were used to calibrate the output of the turbidity sensors so that a record of suspended-sediment concentrations could be computed. This report presents the data-collection methods used and summarizes, in graphs, the suspended-sediment concentration data collected from October 2009 through September 2010. Calibration curves and plots of the processed data for each sensor also are presented.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds808","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, San Francisco District","usgsCitation":"Buchanan, P.A., and Morgan, T., 2014, Summary of suspended-sediment concentration data, San Francisco Bay, California, water year 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 808, viii, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds808.","productDescription":"viii, 42 p.","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2009-10-01","temporalEnd":"2010-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-028604","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504831,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_100264.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":288680,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/808/pdf/ds808.pdf"},{"id":288677,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/808"},{"id":288681,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds808.PNG"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay, San Pablo Bay, Suisun Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.5992,37.3385 ], [ -122.5992,38.1821 ], [ -121.7464,38.1821 ], [ -121.7464,37.3385 ], [ -122.5992,37.3385 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae784de4b0abf75cf2d048","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchanan, Paul A. 0000-0002-4796-4734 buchanan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4796-4734","contributorId":1018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchanan","given":"Paul","email":"buchanan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, Tara L. 0000-0001-5632-5232","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5632-5232","contributorId":29124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Tara L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70176406,"text":"70176406 - 2014 - What are gas hydrates?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T16:54:43.971916","indexId":"70176406","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"1","title":"What are gas hydrates?","docAbstract":"<p>The English chemistry pioneer Sir Humphry Davy first combined gas and water to produce a solid substance in his lab in 1810. For more than a century after that landmark moment, a small number of scientists catalogued various solid “hydrates” formed by combining water with an assortment of gases and liquids. Sloan and Koh (2007) review this early research, which was aimed at discerning the chemical structures of gas hydrates (Fig. 1.1), as well as the pressures and temperatures at which they are stable. Because no practical applications were found for these synthetic gas hydrates, they remained an academic curiosity. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Frozen heat: UNEP global outlook on methane gas hydrates","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"United Nations Environmental Programme","usgsCitation":"2014, What are gas hydrates?, chap. 1 <i>of</i> Frozen heat: UNEP global outlook on methane gas hydrates, p. 11-30.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"30","ipdsId":"IP-054843","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339793,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339792,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.unep.org/resources/report/frozen-heat-global-outlook-methane-gas-hydrates-volume-1"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f5d444e4b0f2e20545e42d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Beaudoin, Y. C.","contributorId":191002,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beaudoin","given":"Y.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691249,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waite, W.","contributorId":24207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691250,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boswell, R.","contributorId":35121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boswell","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691251,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dallimore, Scott","contributorId":85503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dallimore","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691252,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70108082,"text":"ofr20141076 - 2014 - The hydrogeology of the Tully Valley, Onondaga County, New York: an overview of research, 1992-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-16T15:25:50","indexId":"ofr20141076","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-16T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1076","title":"The hydrogeology of the Tully Valley, Onondaga County, New York: an overview of research, 1992-2012","docAbstract":"Onondaga Creek begins approximately 15 miles south of Syracuse, New York, and flows north through the Onondaga Indian Nation, then through Syracuse, and finally into Onondaga Lake in central New York. Tully Valley is in the upper part of the Onondaga Creek watershed between U.S. Route 20 and the Valley Heads end moraine near Tully, N.Y. Tully Valley has a history of several unusual hydrogeologic phenomena that affected past land use and the water quality of Onondaga Creek; the phenomena are still present and continue to affect the area today (2014). These phenomena include mud volcanoes or mudboils, landslides, and land-surface subsidence; all are considered to be naturally occurring but may also have been influenced by human activity. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Onondaga Lake Partnership, began a study of the Tully Valley mudboils beginning in October 1991 in hopes of understanding (1) what drives mudboil activity in order to remediate mudboil influence on the water quality of Onondaga Creek, and (2) land-surface subsidence issues that have caused a road bridge to collapse, a major pipeline to be rerouted, and threatened nearby homes. Two years into this study, the 1993 Tully Valley landslide occurred just over 1 mile northwest of the mudboils. This earth slump-mud flow was the largest landslide in New York in more than 70 years (Fickies, 1993); this event provided additional insight into the geology and hydrology of the valley. As the study of the Tully Valley mudboils progressed, other unusual hydrogeologic phenomena were found within the Tully Valley and provided the opportunity to perform short-term, small-scale studies, some of which became graduate student theses—Burgmeier (1998), Curran (1999), Morales-Muniz (2000), Baldauf (2003), Epp (2005), Hackett, (2007), Tamulonis (2010), and Sinclair (2013). The unusual geology and hydrology of the Tully Valley, having been investigated for more than two decades, provides the basis for this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141076","issn":"2331-1258","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Onondaga Lake Partnership","usgsCitation":"Kappel, W.M., 2014, The hydrogeology of the Tully Valley, Onondaga County, New York: an overview of research, 1992-2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1076, Report: 27 p.; Appendix 1: Video 1 and Video 2, mov and wmv files; Appendix 2 and 3: HTML document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141076.","productDescription":"Report: 27 p.; Appendix 1: Video 1 and Video 2, mov and wmv files; Appendix 2 and 3: HTML document","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1992-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-052339","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288665,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141076.jpg"},{"id":288662,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1076/videos/ofr2014-1076_video01_2011.mov"},{"id":288663,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1076/videos/ofr2014-1076_video02_2013.mov"},{"id":288660,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1076/"},{"id":288661,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1076/pdf/ofr2014-1076.pdf"},{"id":288664,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1076/appendix.html"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Onondaga County","otherGeospatial":"Tully Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.166667,42.833333 ], [ -76.166667,42.875 ], [ -76.125,42.875 ], [ -76.125,42.833333 ], [ -76.166667,42.833333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae786ce4b0abf75cf2d47c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kappel, William M. 0000-0002-2382-9757 wkappel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2382-9757","contributorId":1074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kappel","given":"William","email":"wkappel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70112521,"text":"70112521 - 2014 - Atrazine reduces reproduction in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T16:02:09","indexId":"70112521","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-16T14:31:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Atrazine reduces reproduction in Japanese medaka (<i>Oryzias latipes</i>)","title":"Atrazine reduces reproduction in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)","docAbstract":"Atrazine is an effective broadleaf herbicide and the second most heavily used herbicide in the United States. Effects along the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonad axis in a number of vertebrate taxa have been demonstrated. Seasonally elevated concentrations of atrazine in surface waters may adversely affect fishes, but only a few studies have examined reproductive effects of this chemical. The present study was designed to evaluate a population endpoint (egg production) in conjunction with histological (reproductive stage, gonad pathology) and biochemical (aromatase activity, sex hormone production) phenotypes associated with atrazine exposure in Japanese medaka. Adult virgin breeding groups of one male and four females were exposed to nominal concentrations of 0, 0.5, 5.0, and 50 μg/L (0, 2.3, 23.2, 231 nM) of atrazine in a flow-through diluter for 14 or 38 days. Total egg production was lower (36–42%) in all atrazine-exposed groups as compared to the controls. The decreases in cumulative egg production of atrazine-treated fish were significant by exposure day 24. Reductions in total egg production in atrazine treatment groups were most attributable to a reduced number of eggs ovulated by females in atrazine-treated tanks. Additionally, males exposed to atrazine had a greater number of abnormal germ cells. There was no effect of atrazine on gonadosomatic index, aromatase protein, or whole body 17 β-estradiol or testosterone. Our results suggest that atrazine reduces egg production through alteration of final maturation of oocytes. The reduced egg production observed in this study was very similar to our previously reported results for fathead minnow. This study provides further information with which to evaluate atrazine's risk to fish populations.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.05.022","usgsCitation":"Papoulias, D.M., Tillitt, D.E., Talykina, M.G., Whyte, J.J., and Richter, C., 2014, Atrazine reduces reproduction in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes): Aquatic Toxicology, v. 154, p. 230-239, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.05.022.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"230","endPage":"239","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-053237","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288654,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288653,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.05.022"}],"volume":"154","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7634e4b0abf75cf2bed4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Papoulias, Diana M. 0000-0002-5106-2469 dpapoulias@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5106-2469","contributorId":2726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papoulias","given":"Diana","email":"dpapoulias@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Talykina, Melaniya G.","contributorId":98646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talykina","given":"Melaniya","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whyte, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":100738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whyte","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Richter, Catherine A.","contributorId":100990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"Catherine A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70112450,"text":"70112450 - 2014 - Modeling regeneration responses of big sagebrush (<i>Artemisia tridentata</i>) to abiotic conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-16T14:03:08","indexId":"70112450","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-16T12:06:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling regeneration responses of big sagebrush (<i>Artemisia tridentata</i>) to abiotic conditions","docAbstract":"Ecosystems dominated by big sagebrush, <i>Artemisia tridentata</i> Nuttall (Asteraceae), which are the most widespread ecosystems in semiarid western North America, have been affected by land use practices and invasive species. Loss of big sagebrush and the decline of associated species, such as greater sage-grouse, are a concern to land managers and conservationists. However, big sagebrush regeneration remains difficult to achieve by restoration and reclamation efforts and there is no regeneration simulation model available. We present here the first process-based, daily time-step, simulation model to predict yearly big sagebrush regeneration including relevant germination and seedling responses to abiotic factors. We estimated values, uncertainty, and importance of 27 model parameters using a total of 1435 site-years of observation. Our model explained 74% of variability of number of years with successful regeneration at 46 sites. It also achieved 60% overall accuracy predicting yearly regeneration success/failure. Our results identify specific future research needed to improve our understanding of big sagebrush regeneration, including data at the subspecies level and improved parameter estimates for start of seed dispersal, modified wet thermal-time model of germination, and soil water potential influences. We found that relationships between big sagebrush regeneration and climate conditions were site specific, varying across the distribution of big sagebrush. This indicates that statistical models based on climate are unsuitable for understanding range-wide regeneration patterns or for assessing the potential consequences of changing climate on sagebrush regeneration and underscores the value of this process-based model. We used our model to predict potential regeneration across the range of sagebrush ecosystems in the western United States, which confirmed that seedling survival is a limiting factor, whereas germination is not. Our results also suggested that modeled regeneration suitability is necessary but not sufficient to explain sagebrush presence. We conclude that future assessment of big sagebrush responses to climate change will need to account for responses of regenerative stages using a process-based understanding, such as provided by our model.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.04.021","usgsCitation":"Schlaepfer, D., Lauenroth, W.K., and Bradford, J.B., 2014, Modeling regeneration responses of big sagebrush (<i>Artemisia tridentata</i>) to abiotic conditions: Ecological Modelling, v. 286, p. 66-77, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.04.021.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"77","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-049397","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288625,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288601,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.04.021"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.79,29.95 ], [ -124.79,49.0 ], [ -99.93,49.0 ], [ -99.93,29.95 ], [ -124.79,29.95 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"286","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae777de4b0abf75cf2c14d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schlaepfer, Daniel R.","contributorId":105189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schlaepfer","given":"Daniel R.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":494742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lauenroth, William K.","contributorId":80982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lauenroth","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":494741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70110811,"text":"sir20145012 - 2014 - Dissolved-solids sources, loads, yields, and concentrations in streams of the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T13:40:28","indexId":"sir20145012","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-16T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5012","title":"Dissolved-solids sources, loads, yields, and concentrations in streams of the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"<p>Recent studies have shown that excessive dissolved-solids concentrations in water can have adverse effects on the environment and on agricultural, domestic, municipal, and industrial water users. Such effects motivated the U.S. Geological Survey&rsquo;s National Water Quality Assessment Program to develop a SPAtially-Referenced Regression on Watershed Attributes (SPARROW) model that has improved the understanding of sources, loads, yields, and concentrations of dissolved solids in streams of the conterminous United States.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Using the SPARROW model, long-term mean annual dissolved-solids loads from 2,560 water-quality monitoring stations were statistically related to several spatial datasets that are surrogates for dissolved-solids sources and land-to-water delivery processes. Specifically, sources in the model included variables representing geologic materials, road deicers, urban lands, cultivated lands, and pasture lands. Transport of dissolved solids from these sources was modulated by land-to-water delivery variables that represent precipitation, streamflow, soil, vegetation, terrain, population, irrigation, and artificial drainage characteristics. Where appropriate, the load estimates, source variables, and transport variables were statistically adjusted to represent conditions for the base year 2000. The nonlinear least-squares estimated SPARROW model was used to predict long-term mean annual conditions for dissolved-solids sources, loads, yields, and concentrations in a digital hydrologic network representing nearly 66,000 stream reaches and their corresponding incremental catchments that drain the Nation.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Nationwide, the predominant source of dissolved solids yielded from incremental catchments and delivered to local streams is geologic materials in 89 percent of the catchments, road deicers in 5 percent of the catchments, pasture lands in 3 percent of the catchments, urban lands in 2 percent of the catchments, and cultivated lands in 1 percent of the catchments. Whereas incremental catchments with dissolved solids that originated predominantly from geologic sources or from urban lands are found across much of the Nation, incremental catchments with dissolved solids yields that originated predominantly from road deicers are largely found in the Northeast, and incremental catchments with dissolved solids that originated predominantly from cultivated or pasture lands are largely found in the West. The total amount of dissolved solids delivered to the Nation&rsquo;s streams is 271.9 million metric tons (Mt) annually, of which 194.2 million Mt (71.4%) come from geologic sources, 37.7 million Mt (13.9%) come from road deicers, 18.2 million Mt (6.7%) come from pasture lands, 13.9 million Mt (5.1%) come from urban lands, and 7.9 million Mt (2.9%) come from cultivated lands.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Nationwide, the median incremental-catchment yield delivered to local streams is 26 metric tons per year per square kilometer [(Mt/yr)/km<sup>2</sup>]. Ten percent of the incremental catchments yield less than 4 (Mt/yr)/km<sup>2</sup>, and 10 percent yield more than 90 (Mt/yr)/km<sup>2</sup>. Incremental-catchment yields greater than 50 (Mt/yr)/km<sup>2</sup> mostly occur along the northern part of the West Coast and in a crescent shaped band south of the Great Lakes. For example, the median incremental-catchment yield is 81 (Mt/yr)/km<sup>2</sup> for the Great Lakes, 78 (Mt/yr)/km<sup>2</sup> for the Ohio, and 74 (Mt/yr)/km<sup>2</sup> for the Upper Mississippi water-resources regions. Incremental-catchment yields less than 10 (Mt/yr)/km<sup>2</sup> mostly occur in a wide band across the arid lowland of the interior West that excludes areas along the coast and the extensive, higher mountain ranges. For example, the median incremental-catchment yield is 3 (Mt/yr)/km<sup>2</sup> for the Lower Colorado, 5 (Mt/yr)/km<sup>2</sup> for the Rio Grande, and 8 (Mt/yr)/km<sup>2</sup> for the Great Basin water-resources regions.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Predicted incremental loads were cascaded down through the reach network, with loads accumulating from reach to reach. For most stream reaches, the entire incremental load of dissolved solids delivered to the reach was transported to either the ocean or to one of the large streams flowing along the U.S. international boundary without losses occurring along the way. The exceptions to this include streams in the southwestern part of the country, such as the Colorado River, Rio Grande, and streams of internally drained drainages in the Great Basin, where dissolved-solids loads decreased through streamflow diversion for off-stream use, or by infiltration through the streambed.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Long-term mean annual flow-weighted concentrations were derived from the predicted accumulated-load and stream-discharge data. Widespread low concentrations, generally less than 100 milligrams per liter (mg/L), occur in many reaches of the New England, South Atlantic-Gulf, and Pacific Northwest water-resources regions as a result of moderate dissolved-solids yields and high runoff rates. Widespread moderate concentrations, generally between 100 and 500 mg/L, occur in many reaches of the Great Lakes, Ohio, and Upper Mississippi River water-resources regions. Whereas dissolved-solids yields are generally high in these regions, runoff rates are also high, which helps moderate concentrations in these regions. Widespread higher concentrations, generally greater than 500 mg/L, occur across a belt of reaches that extends almost continuously from Canada to Mexico in the Midwest, cutting through the Souris-Red-Rainy, Missouri, Arkansas-White-Red, Texas-Gulf, and Rio Grande water-resources regions. Although dissolved-solids yields are moderate to low in these areas, low runoff rates result in the high concentrations for these areas.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>In 12.6 percent of the Nation&rsquo;s stream reaches, predicted concentrations of dissolved solids exceed 500 mg/L, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency&rsquo;s secondary, nonenforceable drinking water standard. While this standard provides a metric for evaluating predicted concentrations in the context of drinking-water supplies, it should be noted that it only applies to drinking water actually served to customers by water utilities, and it does not apply to all stream reaches in the Nation nor does it apply during times when water is not being withdrawn for use. Exceedance of 500 mg/L is more pronounced in certain water-resources regions than others. For example, about half of the reaches in the Souris-Red-Rainy region have concentrations predicted to exceed 500 mg/L, and between 25 and 37 percent of the reaches in the Missouri, Arkansas-White-Red, Texas-Gulf, Rio Grande, and Lower Colorado regions are predicted to exceed 500 mg/L.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Development of stream-load data for use in the SPARROW model also provided long-term temporal trend information in dissolved-solids concentrations at the monitoring stations for their period of record, which was constrained between 1980 and 2009. For the 2,560 monitoring stations used in this study, long-term trends in flow-adjusted dissolved-solids concentrations increased over time at 23 percent of the stations, decreased at 18 percent of the stations, and did not change over time at 59 percent of the stations. Long-term trends show a strong regional spatial pattern where from the western parts of the Great Plains to the West Coast, concentrations mostly either did not change or decreased over time, and from the eastern parts of the Great Plains to the East Coast, concentrations mostly either did not change or increased over time.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Results from the trend analysis and from the SPARROW model indicate that, compared to monitoring stations with no trends or decreasing trends, stations with increasing trends are associated with a smaller percentage of the predicted dissolved-solids load originating from geologic sources, and a larger percentage originating from urban lands and road deicers. Conversely, compared to stations with increasing trends or no trends, stations with decreasing trends have a larger percentage of the predicted dissolved-solids load originating from geologic sources and a smaller percentage originating from urban lands and road deicers. Stations with decreasing trends also have larger percentages of predicted dissolved-solids load originating from cultivated lands and pasture lands, compared to stations with increasing trends or no trends.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145012","collaboration":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Anning, D.W., and Flynn, M., 2014, Dissolved-solids sources, loads, yields, and concentrations in streams of the conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5012, Report: viii, 101 p.; Appendixes 1-4, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145012.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 101 p.; Appendixes 1-4","numberOfPages":"113","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-037458","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science 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,{"id":70103153,"text":"fs20143042 - 2014 - Arsenic, iron, lead, manganese, and uranium concentrations in private bedrock wells in southeastern New Hampshire, 2012-2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-06-24T21:12:44.216631","indexId":"fs20143042","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-16T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3042","title":"Arsenic, iron, lead, manganese, and uranium concentrations in private bedrock wells in southeastern New Hampshire, 2012-2013","docAbstract":"<p>Trace metals, such as arsenic, iron, lead, manganese, and uranium, in groundwater used for drinking have long been a concern because of the potential adverse effects on human health and the aesthetic or nuisance problems that some present. Moderate to high concentrations of the trace metal arsenic have been identified in drinking water from groundwater sources in southeastern New Hampshire, a rapidly growing region of the State (Montgomery and others, 2003). During the past decade (2000–10), southeastern New Hampshire, which is composed of Hillsborough, Rockingham, and Strafford Counties, has grown in population by nearly 48,700 (or 6.4 percent) to 819,100. These three counties contain 62 percent of the State’s population but encompass only about 22 percent of the land area (New Hampshire Office of Energy and Planning, 2011). According to a 2005 water-use study (Hayes and Horn, 2009), about 39 percent of the population in these three counties in southeastern New Hampshire uses private wells as sources of drinking water, and these wells are not required by the State to be routinely tested for trace metals or other contaminants.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Some trace metals have associated human-health benchmarks or nonhealth guidelines that have been established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to regulate public water supplies. The EPA has established a maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 micrograms per liter (μg/L) for arsenic (As) and a MCL of 30 μg/L for uranium (U) because of associated health risks (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012). Iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) are essential for human health, but Mn at high doses may have adverse cognitive effects in children (Bouchard and others, 2011; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2012); therefore, the EPA has issued a lifetime health advisory (LHA) of 300 μg/L for Mn. Recommended secondary maximum contaminant levels (SMCLs) for Fe (300 μg/L) and Mn (50 μg/L) were established primarily as nonhealth guidelines—based on aesthetic considerations, such as taste or the staining of laundry and plumbing fixtures—because these contaminants, at the SMCLs, are not considered to present risks to human health. Because lead (Pb) contamination of drinking water typically results from corrosion of plumbing materials belonging to water-system customers but still poses a risk to human health, the EPA established an action level (AL) of 15 μg/L for Pb instead of an MCL or SMCL (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012). The 15-μg/L AL for Pb has been adopted by the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services for public water systems, and if exceeded, the public water system must inform their customers and undertake additional actions to control corrosion in the pipes of the distribution system (New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, 2013).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Unlike the quality of drinking water provided by public water suppliers, the quality of drinking water obtained from private wells in New Hampshire is not regulated; consequently, private wells are sampled only when individual well owners voluntarily choose to sample them. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the EPA New England, conducted an assessment in 2012–13 to provide private well owners and State and Federal health officials with information on the distribution of trace-metal (As, Fe, Pb, Mn, and U) concentrations in groundwater from bedrock aquifers in the three counties of southeastern New Hampshire. This fact sheet analyzes data from water samples collected by a randomly selected group of private well owners from the three-county study area and describes the major findings for trace-metal concentrations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143042","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Flanagan, S., Belaval, M., and Ayotte, J., 2014, Arsenic, iron, lead, manganese, and uranium concentrations in private bedrock wells in southeastern New Hampshire, 2012-2013: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3042, Report: 6 p.; Appendix 1-5, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143042.","productDescription":"Report: 6 p.; Appendixes 1-5","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-052568","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":505877,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_100270.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":288268,"rank":4,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143042.jpg"},{"id":288267,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3042/"},{"id":288614,"rank":1,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3042/appendix/fs2014-3042_appendixes_1-5.xlsx"},{"id":288613,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3042/pdf/fs2014-3042.pdf"}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","county":"Hillsborough County, Rockingham County, Strafford County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.062374,42.696985 ], [ -72.062374,43.573012 ], [ -70.60266,43.573012 ], [ -70.60266,42.696985 ], [ -72.062374,42.696985 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7631e4b0abf75cf2bec3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flanagan, Sarah M.","contributorId":8492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flanagan","given":"Sarah M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belaval, Marcel","contributorId":21636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belaval","given":"Marcel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ayotte, Joseph D. jayotte@usgs.gov","contributorId":1802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"Joseph D.","email":"jayotte@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70138504,"text":"70138504 - 2014 - Differentiating transpiration from evaporation in seasonal agricultural wetlands and the link to advective fluxes in the root zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-19T11:04:45","indexId":"70138504","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-15T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differentiating transpiration from evaporation in seasonal agricultural wetlands and the link to advective fluxes in the root zone","docAbstract":"<p>The current state of science and engineering related to analyzing wetlands overlooks the importance of transpiration and risks data misinterpretation. In response, we developed hydrologic and mass budgets for agricultural wetlands using electrical conductivity (EC) as a natural conservative tracer. We developed simple differential equations that quantify evaporation and transpiration rates using flowrates and tracer concentrations atwetland inflows and outflows. We used two ideal reactormodel solutions, a continuous flowstirred tank reactor (CFSTR) and a plug flow reactor (PFR), to bracket real non-ideal systems. From those models, estimated transpiration ranged from 55% (CFSTR) to 74% (PFR) of total evapotranspiration (ET) rates, consistent with published values using standard methods and direct measurements. The PFR model more appropriately represents these nonideal agricultural wetlands in which check ponds are in series. Using a fluxmodel, we also developed an equation delineating the root zone depth at which diffusive dominated fluxes transition to advective dominated fluxes. This relationship is similar to the Peclet number that identifies the dominance of advective or diffusive fluxes in surface and groundwater transport. Using diffusion coefficients for inorganic mercury (Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg) we calculated that during high ET periods typical of summer, advective fluxes dominate root zone transport except in the top millimeters below the sediment&ndash;water interface. The transition depth has diel and seasonal trends, tracking those of ET. Neglecting this pathway has profound implications: misallocating loads along different hydrologic pathways; misinterpreting seasonal and diel water quality trends; confounding Fick's First Law calculations when determining diffusion fluxes using pore water concentration data; and misinterpreting biogeochemicalmechanisms affecting dissolved constituent cycling in the root zone. In addition,our understanding of internal root zone cycling of Hg and other dissolved constituents, benthic fluxes, and biological irrigation may be greatly affected.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Pub. Co.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.026","collaboration":"RWQCB","usgsCitation":"Bachand, P., Bachand, S., Fleck, J., Anderson, F.E., and Windham-Myers, L., 2014, Differentiating transpiration from evaporation in seasonal agricultural wetlands and the link to advective fluxes in the root zone: Science of the Total Environment, v. 484, p. 232-248, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.026.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"232","endPage":"248","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030347","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297376,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297375,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24296049"}],"volume":"484","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b78e4b08de9379b33a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bachand, P.A.M.","contributorId":9857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bachand","given":"P.A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bachand, S.","contributorId":138794,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bachand","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12526,"text":"Bachand & Associates","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fleck, Jacob A. 0000-0002-3217-3972 jafleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-3972","contributorId":1498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Jacob A.","email":"jafleck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, Frank E. 0000-0002-1418-4678 fanders@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1418-4678","contributorId":2605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Frank","email":"fanders@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Windham-Myers, Lisamarie 0000-0003-0281-9581 lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0281-9581","contributorId":2449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Windham-Myers","given":"Lisamarie","email":"lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70138506,"text":"70138506 - 2014 - Concurrent photolytic degradation of aqueous methylmercury and dissolved organic matter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-19T10:59:03","indexId":"70138506","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-15T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concurrent photolytic degradation of aqueous methylmercury and dissolved organic matter","docAbstract":"<p>Monomethyl mercury (MeHg) is a potent neurotoxin that threatens ecosystem viability and human health. In aquatic systems, the photolytic degradation of MeHg (photodemethylation) is an important component of the MeHg cycle. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is also affected by exposure to solar radiation (light exposure) leading to changes in DOM composition that can affect its role in overall mercury (Hg) cycling. This study investigated changes in MeHg concentration, DOM concentration, and the optical signature of DOM caused by light exposure in a controlled field-based experiment using water samples collected from wetlands and rice fields. Filtered water from all sites showed a marked loss in MeHg concentration after light exposure. The rate of photodemethylation was 7.5 &times; 10<sup>-3</sup> m<sup>2</sup> mol<sup>-1</sup> (s.d. 3.5 &times; 10<sup>-3</sup>) across all sites despite marked differences in DOM concentration and composition. Light exposure also caused changes in the optical signature of the DOM despite there being no change in DOM concentration, indicating specific structures within the DOM were affected by light exposure at different rates. MeHg concentrations were related to optical signatures of labile DOM whereas the percent loss of MeHg was related to optical signatures of less labile, humic DOM. Relationships between the loss of MeHg and specific areas of the DOM optical signature indicated that aromatic and quinoid structures within the DOM were the likely contributors to MeHg degradation, perhaps within the sphere of the Hg-DOM bond. Because MeHg photodegradation rates are relatively constant across freshwater habitats with natural Hg&ndash;DOM ratios, physical characteristics such as shading and hydrologic residence time largely determine the relative importance of photolytic processes on the MeHg budget in these mixed vegetated and open-water systems.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Pub. Co.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.107","usgsCitation":"Fleck, J., Gill, G.W., Bergamaschi, B., Kraus, T.E., Downing, B.D., and Alpers, C.N., 2014, Concurrent photolytic degradation of aqueous methylmercury and dissolved organic matter: Science of the Total Environment, v. 484, p. 263-275, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.107.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"275","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030306","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297374,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297373,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969713004129"}],"volume":"484","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b67e4b08de9379b3366","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleck, Jacob A. 0000-0002-3217-3972 jafleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-3972","contributorId":1498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Jacob A.","email":"jafleck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gill, Gary W. gwgill@usgs.gov","contributorId":4692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Gary","email":"gwgill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":538767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581 bbergama@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":1448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian A.","email":"bbergama@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kraus, Tamara E.C. 0000-0002-5187-8644 tkraus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5187-8644","contributorId":1452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Tamara","email":"tkraus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.C.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Downing, Bryan D. 0000-0002-2007-5304 bdowning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-5304","contributorId":1449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"Bryan","email":"bdowning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70100906,"text":"tm5B10 - 2014 - Determination of human-use pharmaceuticals in filtered water by direct aqueous injection: high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-13T13:58:08","indexId":"tm5B10","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-13T13:46:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"5-B10","title":"Determination of human-use pharmaceuticals in filtered water by direct aqueous injection: high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes a method for the determination of 110 human-use pharmaceuticals using a 100-microliter aliquot of a filtered water sample directly injected into a high-performance liquid chromatograph coupled to a triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer using an electrospray ionization source operated in the positive ion mode. The pharmaceuticals were separated by using a reversed-phase gradient of formic acid/ammonium formate-modified water and methanol. Multiple reaction monitoring of two fragmentations of the protonated molecular ion of each pharmaceutical to two unique product ions was used to identify each pharmaceutical qualitatively. The primary multiple reaction monitoring precursor-product ion transition was quantified for each pharmaceutical relative to the primary multiple reaction monitoring precursor-product transition of one of 19 isotope-dilution standard pharmaceuticals or the pesticide atrazine, using an exact stable isotope analogue where possible. Each isotope-dilution standard was selected, when possible, for its chemical similarity to the unlabeled pharmaceutical of interest, and added to the sample after filtration but prior to analysis.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Method performance for each pharmaceutical was determined for reagent water, groundwater, treated drinking water, surface water, treated wastewater effluent, and wastewater influent sample matrixes that this method will likely be applied to. Each matrix was evaluated in order of increasing complexity to demonstrate (1) the sensitivity of the method in different water matrixes and (2) the effect of sample matrix, particularly matrix enhancement or suppression of the precursor ion signal, on the quantitative determination of pharmaceutical concentrations. Recovery of water samples spiked (fortified) with the suite of pharmaceuticals determined by this method typically was greater than 90 percent in reagent water, groundwater, drinking water, and surface water. Correction for ambient environmental concentrations of pharmaceuticals hampered the determination of absolute recoveries and method sensitivity of some compounds in some water types, particularly for wastewater effluent and influent samples.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The method detection limit of each pharmaceutical was determined from analysis of pharmaceuticals fortified at multiple concentrations in reagent water. The calibration range for each compound typically spanned three orders of magnitude of concentration. Absolute sensitivity for some compounds, using isotope-dilution quantitation, ranged from 0.45 to 94.1 nanograms per liter, primarily as a result of the inherent ionization efficiency of each pharmaceutical in the electrospray ionization process.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Holding-time studies indicate that acceptable recoveries of pharmaceuticals can be obtained from filtered water samples held at 4 °C for as long as 9 days after sample collection. Freezing samples to provide for storage for longer periods currently (2014) is under evaluation by the National Water Quality Laboratory.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section B: Methods of the National Water Quality Laboratory in Book 5 <i>Laboratory Analysis</i>","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm5B10","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 10 of Section B: Methods of the National Water Quality Laboratory in Book 5 <i>Laboratory Analysis</i>.","usgsCitation":"Furlong, E.T., Noriega, M.C., Kanagy, C.J., Kanagy, L.K., Coffey, L.J., and Burkhardt, M.R., 2014, Determination of human-use pharmaceuticals in filtered water by direct aqueous injection: high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 5-B10, Report: viii, 49 p.; Tables; Appendix Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm5B10.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 49 p.; Tables; Appendix Tables","numberOfPages":"60","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-038894","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288592,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm5B10.jpg"},{"id":288588,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/5b10/"},{"id":288589,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/5b10/pdf/tm10-b5.pdf"},{"id":288590,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/5b10/downloads/Tables1-16.xlsx"},{"id":288591,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/5b10/downloads/LS%202440%20Appendixes.xlsx"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7681e4b0abf75cf2bf75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noriega, Mary C. mnoriega@usgs.gov","contributorId":2553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noriega","given":"Mary","email":"mnoriega@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kanagy, Christopher J. ckanagy@usgs.gov","contributorId":1201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanagy","given":"Christopher","email":"ckanagy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kanagy, Leslie K. 0000-0001-5073-8538 lkkanagy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5073-8538","contributorId":4543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanagy","given":"Leslie","email":"lkkanagy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coffey, Laura J. ljcoffey@usgs.gov","contributorId":4132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coffey","given":"Laura","email":"ljcoffey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":492473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burkhardt, Mark R.","contributorId":27872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhardt","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70112339,"text":"sir20145088 - 2014 - Water withdrawals, use, and trends in Florida, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-13T11:17:41","indexId":"sir20145088","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-13T11:06:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5088","title":"Water withdrawals, use, and trends in Florida, 2010","docAbstract":"<p>In 2010, the total amount of water withdrawn in Florida was estimated to be 14,988 million gallons per day (Mgal/d). Saline water accounted for 8,589 Mgal/d (57 percent) and freshwater accounted for 6,399 Mgal/d (43 percent). Groundwater accounted for 4,166 Mgal/d (65 percent) of freshwater withdrawals, and surface water accounted for the remaining 2,233 Mgal/d (35 percent). Surface water accounted for nearly all (99.9 percent) saline-water withdrawals. An additional 659 Mgal/d of reclaimed wastewater was used in Florida during 2010. Freshwater withdrawals were greatest in Palm Beach County (707 Mgal/d), and saline-water withdrawals were greatest in Hillsborough County (1,715 Mgal/d).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Fresh groundwater provided drinking water (public supplied and self-supplied) for 17.33 million people (92 percent of Florida’s population), and fresh surface water provided drinking water for 1.47 million people (8 percent). The statewide public-supply gross per capita use for 2010 was 134 gallons per day, whereas the statewide public-supply domestic per capita use was 85 gallons per day. The majority of groundwater withdrawals (almost 62 percent) in 2010 were obtained from the Floridan aquifer system, which is present throughout most of the State. The majority of fresh surface-water withdrawals (56 percent) came from the southern Florida hydrologic unit subregion and is associated with Lake Okeechobee and the canals in the Everglades Agricultural Area of Glades, Hendry, and Palm Beach Counties, as well as the Caloosahatchee River and its tributaries in the agricultural areas of Collier, Glades, Hendry, and Lee Counties.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Overall, agricultural irrigation accounted for 40 percent of the total freshwater withdrawals (ground and surface), followed by public supply with 35 percent. Public supply accounted for 48 percent of groundwater withdrawals, followed by agricultural self-supplied (34 percent), commercial-industrial-mining self-supplied (7 percent), recreational-landscape irrigation and domestic self-supplied (5 percent each), and power generation (less than 1 percent). Agricultural self-supplied accounted for 51 percent of fresh surface-water withdrawals, followed by power generation (25 percent), public supply (11 percent), recreational-landscape irrigation (9 percent), and commercial-industrial-mining self-supplied (4 percent). Power generation accounted for nearly all (99.8 percent) saline-water withdrawals.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Of the 18.80 million people who resided in Florida during 2010, 41 percent (7.68 million people) resided in the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD), 25 percent each resided in the Southwest Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD) and the St. Johns River Water Management District (SJRWMD) (4.73 and 4.70 million people, respectively), 7 percent (1.36 million people) resided in the Northwest Florida Water Management District (NWFWMD), and 2 percent (0.33 million people) resided in the Suwannee River Water Management District (SRWMD). The largest percentage of freshwater withdrawals was from the SFWMD (47 percent), followed by the SJRWMD (21 percent), SWFWMD (18 percent), NWFWMD (9 percent), and SRWMD (5 percent).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Between 1950 and 2010, the population of Florida increased by 16.03 million (580 percent), and the total water withdrawals (fresh and saline) increased by 12,334 Mgal/d (465 percent). More recently, total freshwater withdrawals decreased by more than 1,792 Mgal/d (22 percent) between 2000 and 2010, while the population increased by 2.82 million (18 percent), and total freshwater withdrawals decreased by more than 474 Mgal/d (7 percent) between 2005 and 2010, while the population increased by 0.88 million (8 percent). The recent trend of decreases in freshwater withdrawals is a result of increased rainfall during this period, the development and use of alternative water sources, water conservation efforts, more conservative regulations and mandates, changes in economic conditions, and losses of irrigated lands. Fresh-water withdrawals for public supply, agricultural self-supplied use, and commercial-industrial-mining self-supplied use all decreased between 2000 and 2010 and between 2005 and 2010, whereas freshwater withdrawals for domestic self-supplied use, recreational-landscape irrigation use, and power generation use either remained the same or changed slightly during the decade.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The use of highly mineralized groundwater (referred to as nonpotable water) as a source of drinking water has increased in Florida. Nonpotable water use for public supply has increased from nearly 2 Mgal/d in 1970 to about 165 Mgal/d in 2010. Nonpotable water is either blended or treated to meet drinking-water standards and is mostly used along the east and west coasts of central and southern Florida. The use of reclaimed wastewater increased from about 206 Mgal/d in 1986 to nearly 659 Mgal/d in 2010. More than three-quarters (79 percent) of reclaimed wastewater in 2010 was used to supplement potable-quality water withdrawals for urban irrigation, agricultural irrigation, and industrial use.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145088","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Florida Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Marella, R.L., 2014, Water withdrawals, use, and trends in Florida, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5088, vii, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145088.","productDescription":"vii, 59 p.","numberOfPages":"72","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-048849","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288583,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5088/pdf/sir2014-5088.pdf"},{"id":288582,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5088/"},{"id":288584,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145088.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.0,24.02 ], [ -88.0,31.2 ], [ -79.78,31.2 ], [ -79.78,24.02 ], [ -88.0,24.02 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae78bee4b0abf75cf2df9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marella, Richard L. 0000-0003-4861-9841 rmarella@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4861-9841","contributorId":2443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marella","given":"Richard","email":"rmarella@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70112276,"text":"70112276 - 2014 - Past, present, and future of water data delivery from the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-16T09:09:42","indexId":"70112276","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-12T12:40:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2234,"text":"Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Past, present, and future of water data delivery from the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"<p>We present an overview of national water databases managed by the U.S. Geological Survey, including surface-water, groundwater, water-quality, and water-use data. These are readily accessible to users through web interfaces and data services. Multiple perspectives of data are provided, including search and retrieval of real-time data and historical data, on-demand current conditions and alert services, data compilations, spatial representations, analytical products, and availability of data across multiple agencies.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Universities Council on Water Resources","publisherLocation":"Carbondale, IL","doi":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2014.03175.x","usgsCitation":"Hirsch, R.M., and Fisher, G.T., 2014, Past, present, and future of water data delivery from the U.S. Geological Survey: Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education, no. 153, p. 4-15, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-704X.2014.03175.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054364","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472942,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-704x.2014.03175.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":288488,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"153","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539abdcfe4b0e83db6d08ea1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Gary T. gtfisher@usgs.gov","contributorId":4931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Gary","email":"gtfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":494610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70112263,"text":"70112263 - 2014 - Sensor data as a measure of native freshwater mussel impact on nitrate formation and food digestion in continuous-flow mesocosms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-12T12:01:51","indexId":"70112263","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-12T11:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensor data as a measure of native freshwater mussel impact on nitrate formation and food digestion in continuous-flow mesocosms","docAbstract":"Native freshwater mussels can influence the aquatic N cycle, but the mechanisms and magnitude of this effect are not fully understood. We assessed the effects of <i>Amblema plicata</i> and <i>Lampsilis cardium</i> on N transformations over 72 d in 4 continuous-flow mesocosms, with 2 replicates of 2 treatments (mesocosms with and without mussels), equipped with electronic water-chemistry sensors. We compared sensor data to discrete sample data to assess the effect of additional sensor measurements on the ability to detect mussel-related effects on NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup> formation. Analysis of 624 sensor-based data points detected a nearly 6% increase in NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup> concentration in overlying water of mesocosms with mussels relative to mesocosms without mussels (p < 0.05), whereas analysis of 36 discrete samples showed no statistical difference in NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup> between treatments. Mussels also significantly increased NO<sub>2</sub><sup>–</sup> concentrations in the overlying water, but no significant difference in total N was observed. We used the sensor data for phytoplankton-N and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> to infer that digestion times in mussels were 13 ± 6 h. The results suggest that rapid increases in phytoplankton-N levels in the overlying water can lead to decreased lag times between phytoplankton-N and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> maxima. This result indicates that mussels may adjust their digestion rates in response to increased levels of food. The adjustment in digestion time suggests that mussels have a strong response to food availability that can disrupt typical circadian rhythms. Use of sensor data to measure directly and to infer mussel effects on aquatic N transformations at the mesocosm scale could be useful at larger scales in the future.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The University of Chicago Press on behalf of Society for Freshwater Science","doi":"10.1086/675448","usgsCitation":"Bril, J., Durst, J.J., Hurley, B.M., Just, C., and Newton, T., 2014, Sensor data as a measure of native freshwater mussel impact on nitrate formation and food digestion in continuous-flow mesocosms: Freshwater Science, v. 33, no. 2, p. 417-424, https://doi.org/10.1086/675448.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"417","endPage":"424","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-039042","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288483,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288454,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/675448"}],"volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539abdd0e4b0e83db6d08ea5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bril, Jeremy S.","contributorId":103583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bril","given":"Jeremy S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Durst, Jonathan J.","contributorId":69891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durst","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hurley, Brion M.","contributorId":29310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurley","given":"Brion","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Just, Craig L.","contributorId":105646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Just","given":"Craig L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Newton, Teresa J. 0000-0001-9351-5852","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9351-5852","contributorId":78696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"Teresa J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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