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Arnold J.","contributorId":93025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boettcher","given":"Arnold","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3440,"text":"cir850A - 1980 - Mount St. Helens volcanic-ash fall in the Bull Run watershed, Oregon, March-June 1980","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15971,"text":"ofr80593 - 1980 - Mount St. Helens ash fall in the Bull Run watershed, Oregon, May-June 1980","indexId":"ofr80593","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Mount St. Helens ash fall in the Bull Run watershed, Oregon, May-June 1980"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":3440,"text":"cir850A - 1980 - Mount St. Helens volcanic-ash fall in the Bull Run watershed, Oregon, March-June 1980","indexId":"cir850A","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Mount St. Helens volcanic-ash fall in the Bull Run watershed, Oregon, March-June 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Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"850","chapter":"A","title":"Mount St. Helens volcanic-ash fall in the Bull Run watershed, Oregon, March-June 1980","docAbstract":"During several periods of volcanic-ash eruption at Mount St. Helens, Wash., (March 30, May 25-26, May 30-June 2, and June 12-13, 1980) strong winds from the north occurred at high altitudes. As a result, the volcanic ash fell some 50 miles to the south in the Bull Run watershed, the principal water-supply source for the metropolitan area of Portland, Oreg. Water samples collected from three stream sites within the watershed were compared with samples collected during the same season in previous years. No detectable changes were noted in chemical characteristics. Precipitation samples collected immediately after the June 12-13 ash fall ranged in specific conductance from 20 to 41 micromhos per centimeter at 25C and in pH from 4.0 to 4.3 pH units. Stream samples collected during the May-June period ranged in specific conductance from 18 to 28 micromhos per centimeter at 25C and in pH from 6.7 to 7.5 pH units. Volcanic-ash samples were collected and analyzed for particle size, chemical composition, and weight. Significant differences in particle size of ash were found in samples from two separate eruptions. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir850A","usgsCitation":"Shulters, M., and Clifton, D.G., 1980, Mount St. Helens volcanic-ash fall in the Bull Run watershed, Oregon, March-June 1980: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 850, iii, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir850A.","productDescription":"iii, 15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121386,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1981/0850a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30455,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1981/0850a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":430040,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23743.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Bull Run watershed, Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.45485158212877,\n 46.349373204293585\n ],\n [\n -122.45485158212877,\n 45.7740401887589\n ],\n [\n -121.99993374920153,\n 45.7740401887589\n ],\n [\n -121.99993374920153,\n 46.349373204293585\n ],\n [\n -122.45485158212877,\n 46.349373204293585\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b47bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shulters, M.V.","contributorId":54583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shulters","given":"M.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clifton, Daphne G.","contributorId":9640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clifton","given":"Daphne","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24625,"text":"ofr80552 - 1980 - Index of streamflow and water quality records to September 30, 1978, Yukon Basin, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-29T12:58:51","indexId":"ofr80552","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-552","title":"Index of streamflow and water quality records to September 30, 1978, Yukon Basin, Alaska","docAbstract":"This report, which is one of a series of reports for Alaska, lists stations in Yukon Basin, Alaska, at which streamflow and water quality data have been collected by the U.S. Geological Survey. Included are a hydrologic subregion map of Yukon Basin, Alaska, and a table listing the types of data collected and periods of record. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr80552","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Still, P.J., 1980, Index of streamflow and water quality records to September 30, 1978, Yukon Basin, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-552, i, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80552.","productDescription":"i, 41 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0552/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":111908,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dggs.dnr.state.ak.us/pubs/id/11300","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":363310,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0552/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db614479","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Still, Patsy J.","contributorId":27077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Still","given":"Patsy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22835,"text":"ofr80786 - 1980 - Principal facts for gravity stations in Fairfax County, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:14","indexId":"ofr80786","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-786","title":"Principal facts for gravity stations in Fairfax County, Virginia","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr80786","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Daniels, D.L., and Heironimus, T., 1980, Principal facts for gravity stations in Fairfax County, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-786, 38 p. map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80786.","productDescription":"38 p. map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db667fd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Daniels, David L. 0000-0003-0599-8036 dave@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0599-8036","contributorId":1792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniels","given":"David","email":"dave@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":188965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heironimus, T.L.","contributorId":8506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heironimus","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24511,"text":"ofr801057 - 1980 - Preliminary report on the mineral resources of the Powderhorn Instant study area, Gunnison and Hinsdale counties, Colorado","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":24511,"text":"ofr801057 - 1980 - Preliminary report on the mineral resources of the Powderhorn Instant study area, Gunnison and Hinsdale counties, Colorado","indexId":"ofr801057","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary report on the mineral resources of the Powderhorn Instant study area, Gunnison and Hinsdale counties, Colorado"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":60855,"text":"mf1483A - 1983 - Mineral resource potential and geologic map of the Powderhorn Wilderness study area and Cannibal Plateau Roadless Area, Gunnison and Hinsdale counties, Colorado","indexId":"mf1483A","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Mineral resource potential and geologic map of the Powderhorn Wilderness study area and Cannibal Plateau Roadless Area, Gunnison and Hinsdale counties, Colorado"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":60855,"text":"mf1483A - 1983 - Mineral resource potential and geologic map of the Powderhorn Wilderness study area and Cannibal Plateau Roadless Area, Gunnison and Hinsdale counties, Colorado","indexId":"mf1483A","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"Mineral resource potential and geologic map of the Powderhorn Wilderness study area and Cannibal Plateau Roadless Area, Gunnison and Hinsdale counties, Colorado"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-05T19:52:40.220456","indexId":"ofr801057","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-1057","title":"Preliminary report on the mineral resources of the Powderhorn Instant study area, Gunnison and Hinsdale counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Powderhorn Instant Study Area covers approximately 51,000 acres of land under BLM administration located about 80 km (50 mi) southwest of Gunnison, Colorado. A mineral resource survey, made in 1979 by the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Bureau of Mines, indicates that both the mineral potential and the energy potential for the Powderhorn Instant Study Area are low. This report is based on geologic and geochemical investigations, examination of prospects, and an aeromagnetic survey. Spectrographic analyses were made of approximately 120 stream-sediment and rock samples. No mining districts are located within the study area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr801057","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Sharp, W.N., Martin, R., and Lane, M., 1980, Preliminary report on the mineral resources of the Powderhorn Instant study area, Gunnison and Hinsdale counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-1057, Report: ii, 4 p.; 3 Plates: 35.83 x 51.26 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr801057.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 4 p.; 3 Plates: 35.83 x 51.26 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":417771,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1057/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":417770,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1057/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":417769,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1057/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":417768,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1057/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156570,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1057/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Gunnison County, Hinsdale County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.3,37.916666666666664 ], [ -107.3,38.333333333333336 ], [ -107,38.333333333333336 ], [ -107,37.916666666666664 ], [ -107.3,37.916666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaee4b07f02db66c7ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sharp, William N.","contributorId":18751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, R.A.","contributorId":53379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":874635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lane, Michael","contributorId":39756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":24510,"text":"ofr80914 - 1980 - The microzonation of the Memphis, Tennessee area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-18T16:31:47.09312","indexId":"ofr80914","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-914","title":"The microzonation of the Memphis, Tennessee area","docAbstract":"Although the probability of a major earthquake in the central U.S. is only one-tenth of the Californian events, any such event is expected to result in damage ten times greater than that anticipated in California. The city of Memphis, which is situated very close to the inferred epicenter of one of the three major 1811-1812 earthquakes, is in a potentially hazardous zone which will be susceptible to the usual seismic hazards. By recognizing the high level of seismicity in the New Madrid area, this study attempts to microzone the potential hazards in the city of Memphis.
This study examines the pertinent criteria necessary for any microzonation study. The subjects considered include:
(i) The seismicity of the central United States,
(ii) Design earthquakes,
(iii) Response analysis which allows us to construct the necessary microzonation maps.
The seismicity of the region is evaluated according to the state-of-the-art literature available as there is no recorded strong motion data available for the central U.S. The maximum credible earthquakes which are likely to affect Memphis are evaluated as the one in a thousand year occurrence. However, earthquakes of a lower intensity (and lower recurrence rates) are selected as design earthquakes to permit a more realistic microzonation to be performed.
For the response analysis, these earthquakes are simulated using synthetically generated accelerograms which exhibit the relevant parameters. These accelerograms displaying the significant characteristics of amplitude, predominant frequency and duration were selected to display, as accurately as possible, the anticipated nature of the horizontal bedrock-motions at Memphis. The horizontal motions (SH-waves) were applied at a depth of 45m below ground surface at numerous sites in the city of Memphis, where the soil stratigraphy had been conceptualized from borehole data.
The soils data made available by local sources was the only information used for this study as any laboratory testing was outside the scope of this study. The dynamic soil properties were thus established from the available Standard Penetration Resistances and soil classifications.
The results of the response analysis were transformed into microzonation maps depicting
(i) zones showing qualitative estimates of ground response,
(ii) zones showing the natural frequency of the soils,
(iii) zones showing the peak spectral acceleration for 2% damping ratio,
(iv) zones of liquefaction potential.
These maps are essentially useful for preliminary investigation and we do not expect them to be used on a quantitative basis. However, further investigation is necessary in determining the stratigraphy and soil properties to a more accurate level if an earthquake hazard is anticipated.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr80914","usgsCitation":"Sharma, S., and Kovacs, W.D., 1980, The microzonation of the Memphis, Tennessee area: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-914, vi, 129 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80914.","productDescription":"vi, 129 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403923,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0914/report.pdf"},{"id":156554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0914/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","city":"Memphis area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.076904296875,\n 35.074964853989556\n ],\n [\n -89.85992431640625,\n 35.074964853989556\n ],\n [\n -89.85992431640625,\n 35.22318504970181\n ],\n [\n -90.076904296875,\n 35.22318504970181\n ],\n [\n -90.076904296875,\n 35.074964853989556\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a28f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sharma, Sunil","contributorId":81522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharma","given":"Sunil","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kovacs, William D.","contributorId":95096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kovacs","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24585,"text":"ofr80595 - 1980 - A preliminary report of the geohydrology of the Mississippi salt-dome basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-13T00:25:28.334002","indexId":"ofr80595","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-595","title":"A preliminary report of the geohydrology of the Mississippi salt-dome basin","docAbstract":"The U.S. Department of Energy is investigating the suitability of salt domes in the Mississippi salt-dome basin as repositories for storing radioactive wastes. The Department of Energy has requested that the U.S. Geological Survey describe the groundwater hydrology of the Mississippi salt-dome basin, giving special attention to direction and rate of movement of water. In this first part of a continuing investigation the data obtained from one year of extensive literature search and data compilation are summarized. The regional groundwater hydrology in the salt-dome basin is defined with respect to (1) groundwater flow, (2) facies changes, (3) geological structure, (4) recharge and discharge, (5) freshwater-saltwater relations, and (6) identification of localities where additional data are needed. From the 50 piercement-type salt domes in the Mississippi salt-dome basin three domes (Richton, Cypress Creek, and Lampton) were selected for more intensive study. To further evaluate the geohydrology of Richton, Lampton, and Cypress Creek domes as possible sites for storage of radioactive waste, an intensive geohydrologic study based on a comprehensive test drilling program near the domes is planned. 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A.","contributorId":69187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spiers","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gandl, L. 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a report of the Interagency Oil and Gas Supply Project, U.S. Department of the Interior and U.S. Department of Energy: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 828, vii, 57 p. : ill., maps ; 26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir828.","productDescription":"vii, 57 p. : ill., maps ; 26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120814,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1980/0828/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30348,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1980/0828/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b41f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Department of Energy","contributorId":128055,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Department of Energy","id":528118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24526,"text":"ofr80739 - 1980 - Hydrology and water quality of the copper-nickel study region, northeastern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T10:37:14","indexId":"ofr80739","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-739","title":"Hydrology and water quality of the copper-nickel study region, northeastern Minnesota","docAbstract":"Data were collected on the hydrology of the Copper-Nickel study region to identify the location and nature of groundwater resources, determine the flow characteristics and general quality of the major streams, and determine the potential effects of mining copper and nickel on the hydrologic stream. Groundwater generally occurs in local flow systems within surficial deposits and in fractures in the upper few hundred feet of bedrock. Yields commonly range from 1 to 5 gallons per minute from wells in surficial materials and bedrock, but can be as much as 1,000 gallons per minute from wells in the sand and gravel aquifer underlying the Embarrass River valley. Groundwater generally is calcium-magnesium bicarbonate types. Over a mineralized zone, groundwater has concentrations of copper and nickel greater than 5 micrograms per liter. The average annual runoff from streams in the study area is about 10 inches. About 60% of the annual runoff occurs during snowmelt in spring. Flood peaks are reduced in streams that have surface storage available in on-channel lakes and wetlands. Specific conductance in streams can exceed 250 micromhos per centimeter at 25 Celsius where mine dewatering supplements natural discharge. Estimated groundwater discharge to projected copper-nickel mines ranges from less than 25 to about 2,000 gallons per minute. The introduction of trace metals from future mining activities to the groundwater system can be reduced if tailings basins and stockpiles are located on material which has low permeability, such as till, peat, or bedrock. (USGS)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr80739","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Environmental Quality Board and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Siegel, D., and Ericson, D.W., 1980, Hydrology and water quality of the copper-nickel study region, northeastern Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-739, Document: vi, 87 p.; 2 Plates: 10.14 x 12.42 inches and 9.87 x 12.38 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80739.","productDescription":"Document: vi, 87 p.; 2 Plates: 10.14 x 12.42 inches and 9.87 x 12.38 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0739/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53577,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0739/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":53578,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0739/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":53579,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0739/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Copper-Nickel Study Region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -91.5,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -91.5,\n 47.5\n ],\n [\n -91.75,\n 47.5\n ],\n [\n -91.75,\n 47.25\n ],\n [\n -92.25,\n 47.25\n ],\n [\n -92.25,\n 47.75\n ],\n [\n -92,\n 47.75\n ],\n [\n -92,\n 48\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e801","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Siegel, Donald I.","contributorId":97499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegel","given":"Donald I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ericson, Donald W.","contributorId":59837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ericson","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24534,"text":"ofr80680 - 1980 - Hydrology of the Chicod Creek basin, North Carolina, prior to channel improvements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-14T11:49:47","indexId":"ofr80680","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-680","title":"Hydrology of the Chicod Creek basin, North Carolina, prior to channel improvements","docAbstract":"Extensive modification and excavation of stream channels in the 6-square mile Chicod Creek basin began in mid-1979 to reduce flooding and improve stream runoff conditions. The effects of channel improvements on this Coastal Pain basin 's hydrology will be determined from data collected prior to, during, and for several years following channel alternations. This report summarizes the findings of data collected prior to these improvements. During the 3-year study period, flow data collected from four stream gaging stations in the basin show that streams are dry approximately 10 percent of the time. Chemical analyses of water samples from the streams and from eight shallow groundwater observation wells indicate that water discharge from the surficial aquifer is the primary source of streamflow during rainless periods. Concentrations of Kjeldahl nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus were often 5 to 10 times greater at Chicod Creek sites than those at nearby baseline sites. It is probable that runoff from farming and livestock operations contributes significantly to these elevated concentrations in Chicod Creek. The only pesticides detected in stream water were low levels of DDT and dieldrin, which occurred during storm runoff. A much wider range of pesticides, however, are found associated with streambed materials. The ratio of fecal coliform counts to those of fecal streptococcus indicate that the streams receive fecal wastes from livestock and poultry operations.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr80680","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Simmons, C.E., and Aldridge, M.C., 1980, Hydrology of the Chicod Creek basin, North Carolina, prior to channel improvements: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-680, v, 32 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80680.","productDescription":"v, 32 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275930,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0680/report.pdf"},{"id":155544,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0680/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Chicod Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.37876892089844,\n 35.45283961767315\n ],\n [\n -77.37876892089844,\n 35.67570522138987\n ],\n [\n -77.069091796875,\n 35.67570522138987\n ],\n [\n -77.069091796875,\n 35.45283961767315\n ],\n [\n -77.37876892089844,\n 35.45283961767315\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db601f65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simmons, Clyde E.","contributorId":71528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"Clyde","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aldridge, Mary C.","contributorId":7734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24562,"text":"ofr801063 - 1980 - Seismic reflection profiles across the Queen Charlotte fault zone, Dixon Entrance, Canada-United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:00","indexId":"ofr801063","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-1063","title":"Seismic reflection profiles across the Queen Charlotte fault zone, Dixon Entrance, Canada-United States","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr801063","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Snavely, P.D., Tiffin, D.L., and Tompkins, D.H., 1980, Seismic reflection profiles across the Queen Charlotte fault zone, Dixon Entrance, Canada-United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-1063, 1 profile ;23 x 78 cm. +1 text (3 p. ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr801063.","productDescription":"1 profile ;23 x 78 cm. +1 text (3 p. ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":20069,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1063/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb6ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snavely, P. 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