Groundwater with elevated dissolved-solids concentrations—containing large concentrations of chloride, sodium, sulfate, and calcium—is present in the Mud Lake area of Eastern Idaho. The source of these solutes is unknown; however, an understanding of the geochemical sources and processes controlling their presence in groundwater in the Mud Lake area is needed to better understand the geochemical sources and processes controlling the water quality of groundwater at the Idaho National Laboratory. The geochemical sources and processes controlling the water quality of groundwater in the Mud Lake area were determined by investigating the geology, hydrology, land use, and groundwater geochemistry in the Mud Lake area, proposing sources for solutes, and testing the proposed sources through geochemical modeling with PHREEQC. Modeling indicated that sources of water to the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer were groundwater from the Beaverhead Mountains and the Camas Creek drainage basin; surface water from Medicine Lodge and Camas Creeks, Mud Lake, and irrigation water; and upward flow of geothermal water from beneath the aquifer. Mixing of groundwater with surface water or other groundwater occurred throughout the aquifer. Carbonate reactions, silicate weathering, and dissolution of evaporite minerals and fertilizer explain most of the changes in chemistry in the aquifer. Redox reactions, cation exchange, and evaporation were locally important. The source of large concentrations of chloride, sodium, sulfate, and calcium was evaporite deposits in the unsaturated zone associated with Pleistocene Lake Terreton. Large amounts of chloride, sodium, sulfate, and calcium are added to groundwater from irrigation water infiltrating through lake bed sediments containing evaporite deposits and the resultant dissolution of gypsum, halite, sylvite, and bischofite.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12665-014-3988-9","usgsCitation":"Rattray, G.W., 2015, Geochemical evolution of groundwater in the Mud Lake area, eastern Idaho, USA: Environmental Earth Sciences, v. 73, no. 12, p. 8251-8269, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3988-9.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"8251","endPage":"8269","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054801","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472341,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3988-9","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297528,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Mud Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.09228515624999,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -117.158203125,\n 42.04929263868686\n ],\n [\n -111.005859375,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -111.11572265625,\n 44.77793589631623\n ],\n [\n -116.08154296875001,\n 48.99463598353408\n ],\n [\n -117.09228515624999,\n 49.009050809382046\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a7de4b08de9379b30a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rattray, Gordon W. 0000-0002-1690-3218 grattray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1690-3218","contributorId":2521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattray","given":"Gordon","email":"grattray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70138887,"text":"70138887 - 2015 - Erratum to: Estimates of vital rates for a declining loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) subpopulation: implications for management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-23T14:23:23","indexId":"70138887","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2660,"text":"Marine Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Erratum to: Estimates of vital rates for a declining loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) subpopulation: implications for management","docAbstract":"Erratum to: Mar Biol (2014) 161:2659–2668 DOI 10.1007/s00227-014-2537-0
\nThe Open Robust Model methods used for analysis in this study were developed by Kendall and Bjorkland (2001) and Kendall (2010). The language used in this manuscript to describe formatting and implementation of data for these analyses was derived heavily from Phillips et al. (2014). Therefore, the wording in the last paragraph of the ‘Materials and methods’ (p. 2662) and in the last paragraph of the ‘Results’ (p. 2663) of our publication is largely identical to the corresponding sections on pp. 865–866 in Phillips et al. (2014). Unfortunately, we did not indicate this adequately, thus proper credit was not given to the contribution of Phillips et al. (2014) in our publication.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","usgsCitation":"Lamont, M.M., Fujisaki, I., and Carthy, R.R., 2015, Erratum to: Estimates of vital rates for a declining loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) subpopulation: implications for management: Marine Biology, v. 162, no. 2, p. 491-491.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"491","endPage":"491","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061249","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297490,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297489,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00227-014-2598-0"}],"volume":"162","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a70e4b08de9379b3066","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lamont, Margaret M. 0000-0001-7520-6669 mlamont@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7520-6669","contributorId":4525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamont","given":"Margaret","email":"mlamont@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fujisaki, Ikuko","contributorId":31108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fujisaki","given":"Ikuko","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carthy, Raymond R. 0000-0001-8978-5083 rayc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8978-5083","contributorId":3685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carthy","given":"Raymond","email":"rayc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70125302,"text":"sir20145180 - 2015 - Flood-inundation maps and wetland restoration suitability index for the Blue River and selected tributaries, Kansas City, Missouri, and vicinity, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-26T13:04:17","indexId":"sir20145180","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-07T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5180","title":"Flood-inundation maps and wetland restoration suitability index for the Blue River and selected tributaries, Kansas City, Missouri, and vicinity, 2012","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for a 39.7-mile reach of the Blue River and selected tributaries (Brush Creek, Indian Creek, and Dyke Branch) at Kansas City, Missouri, and vicinity, were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the City of Kansas City, Missouri. The flood-inundation maps, accessed through the USGS Flood-Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/, depict estimates of the spatial extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at 15 reference streamgages and associated stream reaches in the Blue River Basin. Near-real-time stage data from the streamgages may be obtained from the USGS National Water Information System at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/ or the National Weather Service (NWS) Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) at http://water.weather.gov/ahps/, which also forecasts flood hydrographs at selected sites.
\n\n
Flood profiles were computed for each of 15 reaches by means of one-dimensional or two-dimensional hydraulic models. The models were calibrated by using the current stage-streamflow relations at 10 USGS streamgages and documented high-water marks from the flood of June 14, 2010. Hydraulic models were then used to compute water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1-foot intervals referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from the National Weather Service Action stage, or near bankfull streamflow, through the stage corresponding to, or exceeding, the estimated 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability flood (500-year recurrence interval flood).
\n\n
The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system (GIS) terrain model derived from light detection and ranging (lidar) data having a vertical accuracy of less than 0.6 foot and maximum nominal horizontal post spacing of 2.46–3.28 feet to delineate the area flooded at each 1-foot increment of stage. The availability of these flood-inundation maps, along with Internet information regarding current stage from the USGS streamgages and forecasted high-flow stages from the NWS, will provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for postflood recovery efforts.
\n\n
Additional information in this report includes maps of simulated stream velocity for an 8.2-mile, two-dimensional modeled reach of the Blue River and a Wetland Restoration Suitability Index (WRSI) generated for the study area that was based on hydrologic, topographic, and land-use digital feature layers. The calculated WRSI for the selected flood-plain area ranged from 1 (least suitable for possible wetland mitigation efforts) to 10 (most suitable for possible wetland mitigation efforts). A WRSI of 5 to 10 is most closely associated with existing riparian wetlands in the study area. The WRSI allows for the identification of lands along the Blue River and selected tributaries that are most suitable for restoration or creation of wetlands. Alternatively, the index can be used to identify and avoid disturbances to areas with the highest potential to support healthy sustainable riparian wetlands.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145180","usgsCitation":"Heimann, D.C., Kelly, B.P., and Studley, S.E., 2015, Flood-inundation maps and wetland restoration suitability index for the Blue River and selected tributaries, Kansas City, Missouri, and vicinity, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5180, Report: vii, 23 p.; 7 Tables; Geospatial Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145180.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 23 p.; 7 Tables; Geospatial Data Files","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058050","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297020,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145180.jpg"},{"id":297016,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5180/"},{"id":297017,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5180/pdf/sir2014-5180.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297018,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5180/downloads/tables_sir2014-5180/","text":"Tables 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 8","description":"Tables"},{"id":297019,"rank":4,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5180/downloads/gis_data/","text":"Geospatial Data Files","description":"Geospatial Data Files","linkHelpText":"Contains flood-inundation shapefiles, water-depth grid files, and Wetland Restoration Suitability Index raster file"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","city":"Kansas City","otherGeospatial":"Blue River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.63348388671875,\n 39.11407918425643\n ],\n [\n -94.48104858398438,\n 39.11407918425643\n ],\n [\n -94.48791503906249,\n 39.0373196521048\n ],\n [\n -94.64035034179688,\n 39.04265287290379\n ],\n [\n -94.63348388671875,\n 39.11407918425643\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a77e4b08de9379b3087","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heimann, David C. 0000-0003-0450-2545 dheimann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0450-2545","contributorId":3822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heimann","given":"David","email":"dheimann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelly, Brian P. 0000-0001-6378-2837 bkelly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6378-2837","contributorId":897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Brian","email":"bkelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Studley, Seth E. sstudley@usgs.gov","contributorId":5916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Studley","given":"Seth","email":"sstudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70137254,"text":"70137254 - 2015 - Coupling age-structured stock assessment and fish bioenergetics models: a system of time-varying models for quantifying piscivory patterns during the rapid trophic shift in the main basin of Lake Huron","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-07T10:02:46","indexId":"70137254","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-07T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coupling age-structured stock assessment and fish bioenergetics models: a system of time-varying models for quantifying piscivory patterns during the rapid trophic shift in the main basin of Lake Huron","docAbstract":"We quantified piscivory patterns in the main basin of Lake Huron during 1984–2010 and found that the biomass transfer from prey fish to piscivores remained consistently high despite the rapid major trophic shift in the food webs. We coupled age-structured stock assessment models and fish bioenergetics models for lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), walleye (Sander vitreus), and lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis). The model system also included time-varying parameters or variables of growth, length–mass relations, maturity schedules, energy density, and diets. These time-varying models reflected the dynamic connections that a fish cohort responded to year-to-year ecosystem changes at different ages and body sizes. We found that the ratio of annual predation by lake trout, Chinook salmon, and walleye combined with the biomass indices of age-1 and older alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus) and rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) increased more than tenfold during 1987–2010, and such increases in predation pressure were structured by relatively stable biomass of the three piscivores and stepwise declines in the biomass of alewives and rainbow smelt. The piscivore stability was supported by the use of alternative energy pathways and changes in relative composition of the three piscivores. In addition, lake whitefish became a new piscivore by feeding on round goby (Neogobius melanostomus). Their total fish consumption rivaled that of the other piscivores combined, although fish were still a modest proportion of their diet. Overall, the use of alternative energy pathways by piscivores allowed the increases in predation pressure on dominant diet species.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2014-0161","usgsCitation":"He, J.X., Bence, J., Madenjian, C.P., Pothoven, S.A., Dobiesz, N.E., Fielder, D., Johnson, J.E., Ebener, M.P., Cottrill, A.R., Mohr, L.C., and Koproski, S.R., 2015, Coupling age-structured stock assessment and fish bioenergetics models: a system of time-varying models for quantifying piscivory patterns during the rapid trophic shift in the main basin of Lake Huron: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 72, no. 1, p. 7-23, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0161.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056582","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297014,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Huron","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.88037109375,\n 45.98169518512228\n ],\n [\n -83.935546875,\n 46.543749602738565\n ],\n [\n -80.09033203125,\n 46.027481852486645\n ],\n [\n -79.56298828125,\n 44.43377984606825\n ],\n [\n -82.5732421875,\n 42.69858589169842\n ],\n [\n -84.287109375,\n 43.75522505306928\n ],\n [\n -84.88037109375,\n 45.98169518512228\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a61e4b08de9379b302c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"He, Ji X.","contributorId":53254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"Ji","email":"","middleInitial":"X.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bence, James R.","contributorId":95026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bence","given":"James R.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pothoven, Steven A.","contributorId":92998,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pothoven","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dobiesz, Norine E.","contributorId":75115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dobiesz","given":"Norine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fielder, David G.","contributorId":85434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fielder","given":"David G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Johnson, James E.","contributorId":45668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ebener, Mark P.","contributorId":25099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ebener","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12957,"text":"Chippewa Ottawa Resource Authority","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Cottrill, Adam R.","contributorId":138498,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cottrill","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6780,"text":"Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Mohr, Lloyd C.","contributorId":77493,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mohr","given":"Lloyd","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Koproski, Scott R.","contributorId":138499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koproski","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12428,"text":"U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70137247,"text":"70137247 - 2015 - Expanded secondary craters in the Arcadia Planitia region, Mars: evidence for tens of Myr-old shallow subsurface ice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-01T15:15:46","indexId":"70137247","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-07T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Expanded secondary craters in the Arcadia Planitia region, Mars: evidence for tens of Myr-old shallow subsurface ice","docAbstract":"A range of observations indicates widespread subsurface ice throughout the mid and high latitudes of Mars in the form of both pore-filling and excess ice. It is generally thought that this ice was recently emplaced and is not older than a hundred thousand to a few millions of years old based on ice stability and orbital-induced climate change. We analyze the distribution of subsurface ice in Arcadia Planitia, located in the northern mid latitudes, by mapping thermokarstically expanded secondary craters, providing additional evidence for extensive excess ice down to fairly low latitudes (less than 40°N). We further infer the minimum age of this subsurface ice based on the ages of the four primary craters that are thought to be the source of a large portion of these secondaries, which yields estimates on the order of tens of millions of years old – much more ancient than anticipated. This estimated ancient age suggests that ice can be preserved in the shallow subsurface for long periods of time, at least in some parts of Arcadia Planitia where expanded secondary craters are especially abundant. We estimate the amount of ice lost to sublimation during crater expansion based on measurements of expanded secondary craters in HiRISE Digital Terrain Models. The loss is equivalent to a volume of ice between ∼140 and 360 km3, which would correspond to a global layer of 1–2.5 mm thick. We further argue that much more ice (at least 6000 km3) is likely preserved beneath the un-cratered regions of Arcadia Planitia since significant loss of this excess ice would have caused extensive terrain dissection and the removal of the expanded secondary craters. Both the loss of ice due to secondary crater expansion and the presence of this ice today have implications for the martian climate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2014.10.032","usgsCitation":"Viola, D., McEwen, A.S., Dundas, C.M., and Byrne, S., 2015, Expanded secondary craters in the Arcadia Planitia region, Mars: evidence for tens of Myr-old shallow subsurface ice: Icarus, v. 248, p. 190-204, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2014.10.032.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"190","endPage":"204","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059094","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297012,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars, Arcadia Planitia Region","volume":"248","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a76e4b08de9379b307c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Viola, Donna","contributorId":127526,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Viola","given":"Donna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McEwen, Alfred S.","contributorId":61657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dundas, Colin M. 0000-0003-2343-7224 cdundas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-7224","contributorId":2937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dundas","given":"Colin","email":"cdundas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Byrne, Shane","contributorId":53513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byrne","given":"Shane","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70160089,"text":"70160089 - 2015 - Non-stationary recruitment dynamics of rainbow smelt: the influence of environmental variables and variation in size structure and length-at-maturation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T12:17:13","indexId":"70160089","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Non-stationary recruitment dynamics of rainbow smelt: the influence of environmental variables and variation in size structure and length-at-maturation","docAbstract":"Fish stock-recruitment dynamics may be difficult to elucidate because of nonstationary relationships resulting from shifting environmental conditions and fluctuations in important vital rates such as individual growth or maturation. The Great Lakes have experienced environmental stressors that may have changed population demographics and stock-recruitment relationships while causing the declines of several prey fish species, including rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax). We investigated changes in the size and maturation of rainbow smelt in Lake Michigan and Lake Huron and recruitment dynamics of the Lake Michigan stock over the past four decades. Mean lengths and length-at-maturation of rainbow smelt generally declined over time in both lakes. To evaluate recruitment, we used both a Ricker model and a Kalman filter-random walk (KF-RW) model which incorporated nonstationarity in stock productivity by allowing the productivity term to vary over time. The KF-RW model explained nearly four times more variation in recruitment than the Ricker model, indicating the productivity of the Lake Michigan stock has increased. By accounting for this nonstationarity, we were able identify significant variations in stock productivity, evaluate its importance to rainbow smelt recruitment, and speculate on potential environmental causes for the shift. Our results suggest that investigating mechanisms driving nonstationary shifts in stock-recruit relationships can provide valuable insights into temporal variation in fish population dynamics.
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O.","contributorId":150480,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hook","given":"Tomas","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":13186,"text":"Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Warner, David M. 0000-0003-4939-5368 dmwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4939-5368","contributorId":2986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"David","email":"dmwarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Collingsworth, Paris D.","contributorId":145526,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collingsworth","given":"Paris","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70239258,"text":"70239258 - 2015 - A crustal structure model of the Beaufort-Mackenzie Margin, southern Canada Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-05T12:58:38.495393","indexId":"70239258","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-05T06:55:11","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A crustal structure model of the Beaufort-Mackenzie Margin, southern Canada Basin","docAbstract":"Canada and the United States collaborated in geophysical survey operations in the Amerasia Basin from 2007 to 2011 using the Canadian icebreaker CCGS Louis S. St. Laurent and the US icebreaker USCGC Healy. Over 15000 km of bathymetry, sub-bottom profiles, and 16-channel seismic reflection data were acquired over the Canada Basin and Alpha Ridge. Expendable sonobuoys were deployed to collect P-wave refraction and wide angle reflection data to define the regional velocity structure of the sedimentary successions. Although the new seismic profiles tie with existing GSC multichannel seismic lines on the Beaufort Shelf, water-bottom multiples obscure direct correlation of deeper stratigraphic horizons and (at best) basement is poorly imaged.
We present a 2-D gravity and magnetic model for the southern Canada Basin margin and Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin integrating the new LSSL data with an existing deep crustal seismic reflection profile. The model crosses the slope region, where bathymetry shallows, base-of-sediments is deep, and basement is not imaged because of the water-bottom multiple. The density values used in the model are constrained by empirical relationships between velocity and density rock properties; however, magnetic susceptibility values are based on typical values for the inferred crustal lithologies. Velocity analyses of the new sonobuoy data provide constraints on the composition of the sediments, and enable quantitative mapping of continental, oceanic, and transitional domains within the Canada Basin. The 2-D gravity and magnetic forward model provides estimates for basement and Moho depths, the distribution and depths of magnetic sources, and visualization of the underlying crustal architecture controlling basin formation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"OTC Arctic Technology Conference Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"OTC Arctic Technology Conference","conferenceDate":"March 23-25, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Copenhagen, Denmark","language":"English","publisher":"One Petro","doi":"10.4043/25470-MS","usgsCitation":"Oakey, G.N., Saltus, R., and Shimeld, J.W., 2015, A crustal structure model of the Beaufort-Mackenzie Margin, southern Canada Basin, in OTC Arctic Technology Conference Proceedings, Copenhagen, Denmark, March 23-25, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4043/25470-MS.","ipdsId":"IP-061942","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411426,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.5313622288357,\n 71.20442863543764\n ],\n [\n -148.5313622288357,\n 62.45942351557227\n ],\n [\n -129.9064593578879,\n 62.45942351557227\n ],\n [\n -129.9064593578879,\n 71.20442863543764\n ],\n [\n -148.5313622288357,\n 71.20442863543764\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oakey, Gordon N.","contributorId":300609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oakey","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":7219,"text":"Natural Resources Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":860941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saltus, Richard W. 0000-0001-6920-2936","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6920-2936","contributorId":207255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saltus","given":"Richard W.","affiliations":[{"id":37502,"text":"NOAA-NCEI, 325 Broadway, NOAA E/GC3, Office 1B507, Boulder, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":860942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shimeld, John W.","contributorId":300610,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shimeld","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7219,"text":"Natural Resources Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":860943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70135195,"text":"70135195 - 2015 - A robust calibration technique for acoustic emission systems based on momentum transfer from a ball drop","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-10T15:18:35","indexId":"70135195","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-02T07:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A robust calibration technique for acoustic emission systems based on momentum transfer from a ball drop","docAbstract":"We describe a technique to estimate the seismic moment of acoustic emissions and other extremely small seismic events. Unlike previous calibration techniques, it does not require modeling of the wave propagation, sensor response, or signal conditioning. Rather, this technique calibrates the recording system as a whole and uses a ball impact as a reference source or empirical Green’s function. To correctly apply this technique, we develop mathematical expressions that link the seismic moment $M_{0}$ of internal seismic sources (i.e., earthquakes and acoustic emissions) to the impulse, or change in momentum $\\Delta p $, of externally applied seismic sources (i.e., meteor impacts or, in this case, ball impact). We find that, at low frequencies, moment and impulse are linked by a constant, which we call the force‐moment‐rate scale factor $C_{F\\dot{M}} = M_{0}/\\Delta p$. This constant is equal to twice the speed of sound in the material from which the seismic sources were generated. Next, we demonstrate the calibration technique on two different experimental rock mechanics facilities. The first example is a saw‐cut cylindrical granite sample that is loaded in a triaxial apparatus at 40 MPa confining pressure. The second example is a 2 m long fault cut in a granite sample and deformed in a large biaxial apparatus at lower stress levels. Using the empirical calibration technique, we are able to determine absolute source parameters including the seismic moment, corner frequency, stress drop, and radiated energy of these magnitude −2.5 to −7 seismic events.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120140170","usgsCitation":"McLaskey, G.C., Lockner, D.A., Kilgore, B.D., and Beeler, N.M., 2015, A robust calibration technique for acoustic emission systems based on momentum transfer from a ball drop: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 105, no. 1, p. 257-271, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120140170.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"271","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060189","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311678,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56559839e4b071e7ea53def2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLaskey, Gregory C. gmclaskey@usgs.gov","contributorId":4112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaskey","given":"Gregory","email":"gmclaskey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockner, David A. 0000-0001-8630-6833 dlockner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"David","email":"dlockner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kilgore, Brian D. 0000-0003-0530-7979 bkilgore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7979","contributorId":3887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilgore","given":"Brian","email":"bkilgore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beeler, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-3397-8481 nbeeler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-8481","contributorId":2682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeler","given":"Nicholas","email":"nbeeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70199526,"text":"70199526 - 2015 - Robust and resistant semivariogram modelling using a generalized bootstrap","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T15:45:48","indexId":"70199526","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T15:45:41","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5750,"text":"Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Robust and resistant semivariogram modelling using a generalized bootstrap","docAbstract":"The bootstrap is a computer-intensive resampling method for estimating
the uncertainty of complex statistical models. We expand on an
application of the bootstrap for inferring semivariogram parameters and
their uncertainty. The model fitted to the median of the bootstrap distribution
of the experimental semivariogram is proposed as an estimator of
the semivariogram. The proposed application is not restricted to normal
data and the estimator is resistant to outliers. Improvements are more
significant for data-sets with less than 100 observations, which are
those for which semivariogram model inference is the most difficult. The
application is illustrated by using it to characterize a synthetic random
field for which the true semivariogram type and parameters are known.
Although climate models forecast warmer temperatures with a high degree of certainty, precipitation is the primary driver of aboveground net primary production (ANPP) in most grasslands. Conversely, variations in temperature seldom are related to patterns of ANPP. Thus forecasting responses to warming is a challenge, and raises the question: how sensitive will grassland ANPP be to warming? We evaluated climate and multi-year ANPP data (67 years) from eight western US grasslands arrayed along mean annual temperature (MAT; ~7-14 °C) and mean annual precipitation (MAP; ~250-500 mm) gradients. Weused regression and analysis of covariance to assess relationships between ANPP and temperature, as well as precipitation (annual and growing season) to evaluate temperature sensitivity of ANPP. We also related ANPP to the standardized precipitation evaporation index (SPEI), which combines precipitation and evapotranspiration to better represent moisture available for plant growth. Regression models indicated that variation in growing season temperature was negatively related to total and graminoid ANPP, but precipitation was a stronger predictor than temperature. Growing season temperature was also a significant parameter in more complex models, but again precipitation was consistently a stronger predictor of ANPP. Surprisingly, neither annual nor growing season SPEI were as strongly related to ANPP as precipitation. We conclude that forecasted warming likely will affect ANPP in these grasslands, but that predicting temperature effects from natural climatic gradients is difficult. This is because, unlike precipitation, warming effects can be positive or negative and moderated by shifts in the C3/C4 ratios of plant communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","publisherLocation":"Berlin","doi":"10.1007/s00442-015-3232-7","usgsCitation":"Mowll, W., Blumenthal, D.M., Cherwin, K., Smith, A., Symstad, A., Vermeire, L., Collins, S., Smith, M., and Knapp, A., 2015, Climatic controls of aboveground net primary production in semi-arid grasslands along a latitudinal gradient portend low sensitivity to warming: Oecologia, v. 177, no. 4, p. 959-969, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-015-3232-7.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"959","endPage":"969","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056620","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298874,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":298867,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00442-015-3232-7"}],"volume":"177","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5511393fe4b02e76d75b50d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mowll, Whitney","contributorId":139803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mowll","given":"Whitney","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13277,"text":"Graduate Degree Program in Ecology and Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blumenthal, Dana M.","contributorId":83411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blumenthal","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cherwin, Karie","contributorId":139804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cherwin","given":"Karie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13277,"text":"Graduate Degree Program in Ecology and Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Anine","contributorId":139805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Anine","affiliations":[{"id":13277,"text":"Graduate Degree Program in Ecology and Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Symstad, Amy J. 0000-0003-4231-2873 asymstad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4231-2873","contributorId":2611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symstad","given":"Amy J.","email":"asymstad@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vermeire, Lance","contributorId":139806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vermeire","given":"Lance","affiliations":[{"id":13278,"text":"USDA-ARS Fort Keogh LARRL. 243 Fort Keogh Road, Miles City, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Collins, Scott L.","contributorId":71307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collins","given":"Scott L.","affiliations":[{"id":7000,"text":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Smith, Melinda D.","contributorId":94028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Melinda D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Knapp, Alan K.","contributorId":139807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knapp","given":"Alan K.","affiliations":[{"id":13277,"text":"Graduate Degree Program in Ecology and Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70143866,"text":"70143866 - 2015 - Density dependence and phenological mismatch: consequences for growth and survival of sub-arctic nesting Canada Geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-23T14:40:23","indexId":"70143866","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T15:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":947,"text":"Avian Conservation and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Density dependence and phenological mismatch: consequences for growth and survival of sub-arctic nesting Canada Geese","docAbstract":"The extent to which species are plastic in the timing of their reproductive events relative to phenology suggests how change might affect their demography. An ecological mismatch between the timing of hatch for avian species and the peak availability in quality and quantity of forage for rapidly growing offspring might ultimately affect recruitment to the breeding population unless individuals can adjust the timing of breeding to adapt to changing phenology. We evaluated effects of goose density, hatch timing relative to forage plant phenology, and weather indices on annual growth of pre-fledging Canada geese (Branta canadensis) from 1993-2010 at Akimiski Island, Nunavut. We found effects of both density and hatch timing relative to forage plant phenology; the earlier that eggs hatched relative to forage plant phenology, the larger the mean gosling size near fledging. Goslings were smallest in years when hatch was latest relative to forage plant phenology, and when local abundance of breeding adults was highest. We found no evidence for a trend in relative hatch timing, but it was apparent that in early springs, Canada geese tended to hatch later relative to vegetation phenology, suggesting that geese were not always able to adjust the timing of nesting as rapidly as vegetation phenology was advanced. Analyses using forage biomass information revealed a positive relationship between gosling size and per capita biomass availability, suggesting a causal mechanism for the density effect. The effects of weather parameters explained additional variation in mean annual gosling size, although total June and July rainfall had a small additive effect on gosling size. Modelling of annual first year survival probability using mean annual gosling size as an annual covariate revealed a positive relationship, suggesting that reduced gosling growth negatively impacts recruitment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Canadian Ornithologists","publisherLocation":"Waterloo, ON","doi":"10.5751/ACE-00708-100101","usgsCitation":"Brook, R.W., Leafloor, J.O., Douglas, D.C., and Abraham, K., 2015, Density dependence and phenological mismatch: consequences for growth and survival of sub-arctic nesting Canada Geese: Avian Conservation and Ecology, v. 10, no. 1, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.5751/ACE-00708-100101.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056605","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472346,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5751/ace-00708-100101","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":298873,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55113941e4b02e76d75b50d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brook, Rodney W.","contributorId":92083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brook","given":"Rodney","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leafloor, James O.","contributorId":111512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leafloor","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Abraham, Kenneth F.","contributorId":32215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abraham","given":"Kenneth F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70198436,"text":"70198436 - 2015 - Causal factors for seismicity near Azle, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-03T15:43:08","indexId":"70198436","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T15:43:01","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2842,"text":"Nature Communications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Causal factors for seismicity near Azle, Texas","docAbstract":"In November 2013, a series of earthquakes began along a mapped ancient fault system near Azle, Texas. Here we assess whether it is plausible that human activity caused these earthquakes. Analysis of both lake and groundwater variations near Azle shows that no significant stress changes were associated with the shallow water table before or during the earthquake sequence. In contrast, pore-pressure models demonstrate that a combination of brine production and wastewater injection near the fault generated subsurface pressures sufficient to induce earthquakes on near-critically stressed faults. On the basis of modelling results and the absence of historical earthquakes near Azle, brine production combined with wastewater disposal represent the most likely cause of recent seismicity near Azle. For assessing the earthquake cause, our research underscores the necessity of monitoring subsurface wastewater formation pressures and monitoring earthquakes having magnitudes of ∼M2 and greater. Currently, monitoring at these levels is not standard across Texas or the United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/ncomms7728","usgsCitation":"Hornbach, M.J., DeShon, H.R., Ellsworth, W.L., Stump, B.W., Hayward, C., Frohlich, C., Oldham, H.R., Olson, J.E., Magnani, M., Brokaw, C., and Luetgert, J.H., 2015, Causal factors for seismicity near Azle, Texas: Nature Communications, v. 6, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7728.","productDescription":"Article number: 6728; 11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","ipdsId":"IP-058753","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7728","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":356161,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fcc5de4b0f5d57878ecdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hornbach, Matthew J.","contributorId":14258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornbach","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeShon, Heather R.","contributorId":48540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeShon","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellsworth, William L. 0000-0001-8378-4979 ellsworth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8378-4979","contributorId":206685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William","email":"ellsworth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stump, Brian W.","contributorId":206742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stump","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hayward, Chris","contributorId":206743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayward","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Frohlich, Cliff","contributorId":96541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frohlich","given":"Cliff","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Oldham, Harrison R.","contributorId":206688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oldham","given":"Harrison","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":20300,"text":"Southern Methodist University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Olson, Jon E.","contributorId":206744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olson","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Magnani, M. Beatrice","contributorId":197231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Magnani","given":"M. Beatrice","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Brokaw, Casey","contributorId":206690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brokaw","given":"Casey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":20300,"text":"Southern Methodist University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Luetgert, James H. luetgert@usgs.gov","contributorId":4203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luetgert","given":"James","email":"luetgert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":741467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70199525,"text":"70199525 - 2015 - Cokriging of compositional balances including a dimension reduction and retrieval of original units","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T15:26:48","indexId":"70199525","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T15:26:42","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5750,"text":"Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cokriging of compositional balances including a dimension reduction and retrieval of original units","docAbstract":"Compositional data constitutes a special class of quantitative measurements involving parts of a whole. The sample space has an algebraic-geometric structure different from that of real-valued data. A subcomposition is a subset of all possible parts. When compositional data values include geographical locations, they are also regionalized variables. In the Earth sciences, geochemical analyses are a common form of regionalized compositional data. Ordinarily, there are measurements only at data locations. Geostatistics has proven to be the standard for spatial estimation of regionalized variables but, in general, the compositional character of the geochemical data has been ignored. This paper presents in detail an application of cokriging for the modelling of compositional data using a method that is consistent with the compositional character of the data. The uncertainty is evaluated by a Monte Carlo procedure. The method is illustrated for the contents of arsenic and iron in groundwaters in Bangladesh, which have the peculiarity of being measured in milligrams per litre, units for which the sum of all parts does not add to a constant. Practical results include maps of estimates of the geochemical elements in the original concentration units, as well as measures of uncertainty, such as the probability that the concentration may exceed a given threshold. Results indicate that probabilities of exceedance in previous studies of the same data are too low.
","language":"English","publisher":"Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (SAIMM)","usgsCitation":"Pawlowsky-Glahn, V., Egozcue, J., Olea, R., and Pardo-Igúzquiza, E., 2015, Cokriging of compositional balances including a dimension reduction and retrieval of original units: Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, v. 115, no. 1, p. 59-72.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"72","ipdsId":"IP-052920","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357546,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.saimm.co.za/publications/journal-papers/list/1?resetfilters=0&clearordering=0&clearfilters=0"},{"id":357565,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc03646e4b0fc368eb53ac0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pawlowsky-Glahn, V.","contributorId":208033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pawlowsky-Glahn","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Egozcue, J. J.","contributorId":208034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Egozcue","given":"J. J.","affiliations":[{"id":37680,"text":"Barcelona Spain","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":26436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":745759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pardo-Igúzquiza, E","contributorId":208035,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pardo-Igúzquiza","given":"E","affiliations":[{"id":37681,"text":"2Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME), Ríos Rosas 23, 28003 Madrid, ESP","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70140577,"text":"70140577 - 2015 - Foraging habits in a generalist predator: sex and age influence habitat selection and resource use among bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-09T13:34:47","indexId":"70140577","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foraging habits in a generalist predator: sex and age influence habitat selection and resource use among bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)","docAbstract":"This study examines resource use (diet, habitat use, and trophic level) within and among demographic groups (males, females, and juveniles) of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). We analyzed the δ13C and δ15N values of 15 prey species constituting 84% of the species found in stomach contents. We used these data to establish a trophic enrichment factor (TEF) to inform dietary analysis using a Bayesian isotope mixing model. We document a TEF of 0‰ and 2.0‰ for δ13C and δ15N, respectively. The dietary results showed that all demographic groups relied heavily on low trophic level seagrass-associated prey. Bayesian standard ellipse areas (SEAb) were calculated to assess diversity in resource use. The SEAb of females was nearly four times larger than that of males indicating varied resource use, likely a consequence of small home ranges and habitat specialization. Juveniles possessed an intermediate SEAb, generally feeding at a lower trophic level compared to females, potentially an effect of natal philopatry and immature foraging skills. The small SEAb of males reflects a high degree of specialization on seagrass associated prey. Patterns in resource use by the demographic groups are likely linked to differences in the relative importance of social and ecological factors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Marine Mammalogy","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","doi":"10.1111/mms.12143","usgsCitation":"Rossman, S., McCabe, E.B., Barros, N.B., Gandhi, H., Ostrom, P.H., Stricker, C.A., and Randall S. Wells, 2015, Foraging habits in a generalist predator: sex and age influence habitat selection and resource use among bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus): Marine Mammal Science, v. 31, no. 1, p. 155-168, https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12143.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"168","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055975","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297873,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297860,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/mms.12143/abstract"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a7ae4b08de9379b3092","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rossman, Sam","contributorId":139130,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rossman","given":"Sam","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCabe, Elizabeth Berens","contributorId":139131,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCabe","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"Berens","affiliations":[{"id":12658,"text":"Chicago Zoological Society","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barros, Nelio B.","contributorId":139132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barros","given":"Nelio","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":12658,"text":"Chicago Zoological Society","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gandhi, Hasand","contributorId":139133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gandhi","given":"Hasand","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ostrom, Peggy H.","contributorId":139134,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ostrom","given":"Peggy","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stricker, Craig A. 0000-0002-5031-9437 cstricker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-9437","contributorId":1097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"Craig","email":"cstricker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Randall S. Wells","contributorId":139135,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Randall S. Wells","affiliations":[{"id":12658,"text":"Chicago Zoological Society","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70176486,"text":"70176486 - 2015 - Modelling the effects of seasonality and socioeconomic impact on the transmission of Rift Valley fever virus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-19T14:51:40","indexId":"70176486","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5023,"text":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling the effects of seasonality and socioeconomic impact on the transmission of Rift Valley fever virus","docAbstract":"Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an important mosquito-borne viral zoonosis in Africa and the Middle East that causes human deaths and significant economic losses due to huge incidences of death and abortion among infected livestock. Outbreaks of RVF are sporadic and associated with both seasonal and socioeconomic effects. Here we propose an almost periodic three-patch model to investigate the transmission dynamics of RVF virus (RVFV) among ruminants with spatial movements. Our findings indicate that, in Northeastern Africa, human activities, including those associated with the Eid al Adha feast, along with a combination of climatic factors such as rainfall level and hydrological variations, contribute to the transmission and dispersal of the disease pathogen. Moreover, sporadic outbreaks may occur when the two events occur together: 1) abundant livestock are recruited into areas at risk from RVF due to the demand for the religious festival and 2) abundant numbers of mosquitoes emerge. These two factors have been shown to have impacts on the severity of RVF outbreaks. Our numerical results present the transmission dynamics of the disease pathogen over both short and long periods of time, particularly during the festival time. Further, we investigate the impact on patterns of disease outbreaks in each patch brought by festival- and seasonal-driven factors, such as the number of livestock imported daily, the animal transportation speed from patch to patch, and the death rate induced by ceremonial sacrifices. In addition, our simulations show that when the time for festival preparation starts earlier than usual, the risk of massive disease outbreaks rises, particularly in patch 3 (the place where the religious ceremony will be held).
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0003388","usgsCitation":"Xiao, Y., Beier, J.C., Cantrell, R.S., Cosner, C., DeAngelis, D., and Ruan, S., 2015, Modelling the effects of seasonality and socioeconomic impact on the transmission of Rift Valley fever virus: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, v. 9, no. 1, e3388; 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003388.","productDescription":"e3388; 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-069796","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472349,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003388","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328737,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7ee45e4b0bc0bec09e979","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xiao, Yanyu","contributorId":174666,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xiao","given":"Yanyu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27495,"text":"Dept. of Mathematics, University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beier, John C.","contributorId":174665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beier","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":27490,"text":"Dept. of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cantrell, Robert Stephen","contributorId":174667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cantrell","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":27495,"text":"Dept. of Mathematics, University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cosner, Chris","contributorId":38698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosner","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":147289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":649031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ruan, Shigui","contributorId":174697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruan","given":"Shigui","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70200474,"text":"70200474 - 2015 - Evaluation of development options for Alaska North Slope viscous and heavy oil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T13:42:20","indexId":"70200474","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T13:42:04","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of development options for Alaska North Slope viscous and heavy oil","docAbstract":"Current estimates of discovered viscous and heavy oil in Alaska’s North Slope are 12 billion barrels of oil-in-place and 12–18 billion barrels of oil-in-place, respectively (see Appendix 1 for conversion to SI units). Since the early 1990s to the end of 2010, cumulative viscous oil production has amounted to 150 million barrels, and there has been no commercial production of heavy oil. During the last three decades, the industry has been challenged to develop technologies to commercially produce these untapped oil resources in this Arctic environment. In this paper, the general locations and geologic properties of the viscous oil-bearing West Sak/Schrader Bluff and heavy oil-bearing Ugnu stratigraphic intervals are described first. The geologic variability within these deposits and the evolution of technology have forced an incremental development approach, requiring costly field testing at the pilot scale of innovative extraction techniques. Although viscous oil is currently produced, its development is not mature, and firms appear to be still spending large sums on new approaches to improve recovery. The analysis specifies a representative viscous oil project and then applies a “real options” framework using simulation to determine whether the risked expected project value is sufficient to fund required expenditures on extraction process research and field testing. Computations show available field test funds to be highly sensitive to the operator’s hurdle rate of return as well as the range in magnitude of potential State revenues. The contribution of the paper is solving this problem using an approach where the extreme low return and high scenarios need only be specified, and where the uncertainties are modeled with beta distributions based on historical data or expert opinion.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11053-014-9240-1","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E., and Freeman, P., 2015, Evaluation of development options for Alaska North Slope viscous and heavy oil: Natural Resources Research, v. 24, no. 1, p. 85-106, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-014-9240-1.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"106","ipdsId":"IP-052147","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358625,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"24","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10b345e4b034bf6a7e9c20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, Emil D. 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":198728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil D.","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, Philip A. 0000-0002-0863-7431 pfreeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-7431","contributorId":193093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Philip A.","email":"pfreeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70073967,"text":"70073967 - 2015 - Phenology and climate relationships in aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) forest and woodland communities of southwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-17T16:20:32.242684","indexId":"70073967","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T13:25:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Phenology and climate relationships in aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) forest and woodland communities of southwestern Colorado","title":"Phenology and climate relationships in aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) forest and woodland communities of southwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"Trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) occurs over wide geographical, latitudinal, elevational, and environmental gradients, making it a favorable candidate for a study of phenology and climate relationships. Aspen forests and woodlands provide numerous ecosystem services, such as high primary productivity and biodiversity, retention and storage of environmental variables (precipitation, temperature, snow–water equivalent) that affect the spring and fall phenology of the aspen woodland communities of southwestern Colorado. We assessed the land surface phenology of aspen woodlands using two phenology indices, start of season time (SOST) and end of season time (EOST), from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) database of conterminous U.S. phenological indicators over an 11-year time period (2001–2011). These indicators were developed with 250 m resolution remotely sensed data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer processed to highlight vegetation response. We compiled data on SOST, EOST, elevation, precipitation, air temperature, and snow water equivalent (SWE) for selected sites having more than 80% cover by aspen woodland communities. In the 11-year time frame of our study, EOST had significant positive correlation with minimum fall temperature and significant negative correlation with fall precipitation. SOST had a significant positive correlation with spring SWE and spring maximum temperature.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.05.033","usgsCitation":"Meier, G.A., Brown, J., Evelsizer, R.J., and Vogelmann, J., 2015, Phenology and climate relationships in aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) forest and woodland communities of southwestern Colorado: Ecological Indicators, v. 48, p. 189-197, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.05.033.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"189","endPage":"197","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045382","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294919,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.07739323500078,\n 38.82479148331984\n ],\n [\n -109.07739323500078,\n 37.04810861806919\n ],\n [\n -105.56044097270126,\n 37.04810861806919\n ],\n [\n -105.56044097270126,\n 38.82479148331984\n ],\n [\n -109.07739323500078,\n 38.82479148331984\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542fbaa6e4b092f17df61d6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meier, Gretchen A.","contributorId":96615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"Gretchen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":26243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":489304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evelsizer, Ross J.","contributorId":80211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evelsizer","given":"Ross","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vogelmann, James E. 0000-0002-0804-5823 vogel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0804-5823","contributorId":649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogelmann","given":"James E.","email":"vogel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":489303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70201529,"text":"70201529 - 2015 - Detrital zircon U-Pb provenance of the Colorado River: A 5 m.y. record of incision into cover strata overlying the Colorado Plateau and adjacent regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-17T13:14:43","indexId":"70201529","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T13:12:41","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detrital zircon U-Pb provenance of the Colorado River: A 5 m.y. record of incision into cover strata overlying the Colorado Plateau and adjacent regions","docAbstract":"New detrital zircon U-Pb age distributions from 49 late Cenozoic sandstones and Holocene sands (49 samples, n = 3922) record the arrival of extra-regional early Pliocene Colorado River sediment at Grand Wash (western USA) and downstream locations ca. 5.3 Ma and the subsequent evolution of the river’s provenance signature. We define reference age distributions for the early Pliocene Colorado River (n = 559) and Holocene Colorado River (n = 601). The early Pliocene river is distinguished from the Holocene river by (1) a higher proportion of Yavapai-Mazatzal zircon derived from Rocky Mountain basement uplifts relative to Grenville zircon from Mesozoic supra crustal rocks, and (2) distinctive (∼6%) late Eocene–Oligocene (40–23 Ma) zircon reworked from Cenozoic basins and volcanic fields in the southern Rocky Mountains and/or the eastern Green River catchment. Geologic relationships and interpretation of 135 published detrital zircon age distributions throughout the Colorado River catchment provide the interpretative basis for modeling evolution of the provenance signature. Mixture modeling based upon a modified formulation of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic indicate a subtle yet robust change in Colorado River provenance signature over the past 5 m.y. During this interval the contribution from Cenozoic strata decreased from ∼75% to 50% while pre-Cretaceous strata increased from ∼25% to 50%. We interpret this change to reflect progressive erosional incision into plateau cover strata. Our finding is consistent with geologic and thermochronologic studies that indicate that maximum post–10 Ma erosion of the Colorado River catchment was concentrated across the eastern Utah–western Colorado region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES00982.1","usgsCitation":"Kimbrough, D.L., Grove, M., Gehrels, G.E., Dorsey, R.J., Howard, K.A., Lovera, O., Aslan, A., House, K., and Pearthree, P.A., 2015, Detrital zircon U-Pb provenance of the Colorado River: A 5 m.y. record of incision into cover strata overlying the Colorado Plateau and adjacent regions: Geosphere, v. 11, no. 6, p. 1719-1748, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00982.1.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"1719","endPage":"1748","ipdsId":"IP-100943","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00982.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":360372,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -115,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -115,\n 31\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c18c425e4b006c4f856ace3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimbrough, David L.","contributorId":211569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimbrough","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6608,"text":"San Diego State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grove, Marty","contributorId":211570,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grove","given":"Marty","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gehrels, George E.","contributorId":59795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gehrels","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dorsey, Rebecca J.","contributorId":167712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorsey","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24813,"text":"University of Oregan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Howard, Keith A. 0000-0002-6462-2947 khoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-2947","contributorId":3439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Keith","email":"khoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lovera, Oscar","contributorId":211573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lovera","given":"Oscar","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13399,"text":"UCLA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Aslan, Andres","contributorId":211574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aslan","given":"Andres","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34607,"text":"Colorado Mesa University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"House, Kyle 0000-0002-0019-8075 khouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0019-8075","contributorId":2293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"House","given":"Kyle","email":"khouse@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Pearthree, Philip A.","contributorId":17363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearthree","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70102112,"text":"70102112 - 2015 - Snow effects on alpine vegetation in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-17T16:33:31.39383","indexId":"70102112","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T13:10:16","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2035,"text":"International Journal of Digital Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Snow effects on alpine vegetation in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau","docAbstract":"Understanding the relationships between snow and vegetation is important for interpretation of the responses of alpine ecosystems to climate changes. The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is regarded as an ideal area due to its undisturbed features with low population and relatively high snow cover. We used 500 m Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) datasets during 2001–2010 to examine the snow–vegetation relationships, specifically, (1) the influence of snow melting date on vegetation green-up date and (2) the effects of snow cover duration on vegetation greenness. The results showed that the alpine vegetation responded strongly to snow phenology (i.e., snow melting date and snow cover duration) over large areas of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Snow melting date and vegetation green-up date were significantly correlated (p < 0.1) in 39.9% of meadow areas (accounting for 26.2% of vegetated areas) and 36.7% of steppe areas (28.1% of vegetated areas). Vegetation growth was influenced by different seasonal snow cover durations (SCDs) in different regions. Generally, the December–February and March–May SCDs played a significantly role in vegetation growth, both positively and negatively, depending on different water source regions. Snow's positive impact on vegetation was larger than the negative impact.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/17538947.2013.848946","usgsCitation":"Wang, K., Zhang, L., Qiu, Y., Ji, L., Tian, F., Wang, C., and Wang, Z., 2015, Snow effects on alpine vegetation in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: International Journal of Digital Earth, v. 8, no. 1, p. 56-73, https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2013.848946.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"56","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052135","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472352,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2013.848946","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":286394,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 73.18,24.91 ], [ 73.18,40.97 ], [ 106.29,40.97 ], [ 106.29,24.91 ], [ 73.18,24.91 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53559564e4b0120853e8c1f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Kun","contributorId":51648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Kun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Li","contributorId":98139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Li","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Qiu, Yubao","contributorId":36464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qiu","given":"Yubao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ji, Lei 0000-0002-6133-1036 lji@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6133-1036","contributorId":2832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ji","given":"Lei","email":"lji@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tian, Feng","contributorId":17143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tian","given":"Feng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wang, Cuizhen","contributorId":16312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Cuizhen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wang, Zhiyong","contributorId":81412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Zhiyong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70138659,"text":"70138659 - 2015 - The use of quantitative models in sea otter conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-24T11:53:23","indexId":"70138659","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The use of quantitative models in sea otter conservation","docAbstract":"Sea otters are good indicators of ocean health. In addition, they are a keystone species, offering a stabilizing effect on ecosystem, controlling sea urchin populations that would otherwise inflict damage to kelp forest ecosystems. The kelp forest ecosystem is crucial for marine organisms and contains coastal erosion. With the concerns about the imperiled status of sea otter populations in California, Aleutian Archipelago and coastal areas of Russia and Japan, the last several years have shown growth of interest culturally and politically in the status and preservation of sea otter populations. Sea Otter Conservation brings together the vast knowledge of well-respected leaders in the field, offering insight into the more than 100 years of conservation and research that have resulted in recovery from near extinction. This publication assesses the issues influencing prospects for continued conservation and recovery of the sea otter populations and provides insight into how to handle future global changes.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sea Otter Conservation","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Tinker, M.T., 2015, The use of quantitative models in sea otter conservation, chap. of Sea Otter Conservation, p. 257-300.","productDescription":"44 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"300","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052883","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298125,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297433,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://store.elsevier.com/Sea-Otter-Conservation/isbn-9780128014028/"}],"edition":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54edaebfe4b02d776a6849b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tinker, M. Tim 0000-0002-3314-839X ttinker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":2796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"ttinker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Tim","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70154776,"text":"70154776 - 2015 - Daily nest survival rates of Gunnison Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus minimus): assessing local- and landscape-scale drivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:13:58","indexId":"70154776","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Daily nest survival rates of Gunnison Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus minimus): assessing local- and landscape-scale drivers","docAbstract":"The Gunnison Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus minimus) is a species of conservation concern and is a candidate for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act because of substantial declines in populations from historic levels. It is thought that loss, fragmentation, and deterioration of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) habitat have contributed to the decline and isolation of this species into seven geographically distinct subpopulations. Nest survival is known to be a primary driver of demography of Greater Sage-Grouse (C. urophasianus), but no unbiased estimates of daily nest survival rates (hereafter nest survival) exist for Gunnison Sage-Grouse or published studies identifying factors that influence nest survival. We estimated nest survival of Gunnison Sage-Grouse for the western portion of Colorado's Gunnison Basin subpopulation, and assessed the effects and relative importance of local- and landscape-scale habitat characteristics on nest survival. Our top performing model was one that allowed variation in nest survival among areas, suggesting a larger landscape-area effect. Overall nest success during a 38-day nesting period (egg-laying plus incubation) was 50% (daily survival rate; SE = 0.982 [0.003]), which is higher than previous estimates for Gunnison Sage-Grouse and generally higher than published for the closely related Greater Sage-Grouse. We did not find strong evidence that local-scale habitat variables were better predictors of nest survival than landscape-scale predictors, nor did we find strong evidence that any of the habitat variables we measured were good predictors of nest survival. Nest success of Gunnison Sage-Grouse in the western portion of the Gunnison Basin was higher than previously believed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","doi":"10.1676/14-003.1","usgsCitation":"Stanley, T.R., Aldridge, C.L., Saher, J., and Childers, T., 2015, Daily nest survival rates of Gunnison Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus minimus): assessing local- and landscape-scale drivers: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 127, no. 1, p. 59-71, https://doi.org/10.1676/14-003.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"71","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064617","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305810,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55aa272fe4b0183d66e47e87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, Thomas R. 0000-0002-8393-0005 stanleyt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8393-0005","contributorId":209928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Thomas","email":"stanleyt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aldridge, Cameron L. 0000-0003-3926-6941 aldridgec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-6941","contributorId":191773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Cameron","email":"aldridgec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saher, Joanne","contributorId":145462,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saher","given":"Joanne","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6737,"text":"Colorado State University, Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, and Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Childers, Theresa","contributorId":145463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Childers","given":"Theresa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6924,"text":"National Park Service, Upper Columbia Basin Network","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70168891,"text":"70168891 - 2015 - Forming Ganymede’s grooves at smaller strain: Toward a self-consistent local and global strain history for Ganymede","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-07T12:05:55","indexId":"70168891","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forming Ganymede’s grooves at smaller strain: Toward a self-consistent local and global strain history for Ganymede","docAbstract":"The ubiquity of tectonic features formed in extension, and the apparent absence of ones formed in contraction, has led to the hypothesis that Ganymede has undergone global expansion in its past. Determining the magnitude of such expansion is challenging however, and extrapolation of locally or regionally inferred strains to global scales often results in strain estimates that exceed those based on global constraints. Here we use numerical simulations of groove terrain formation to develop a strain history for Ganymede that is generally consistent at local, regional, and global scales. These simulations reproduce groove-like amplitudes, wavelengths, and average slopes at modest regional extensions (10–15%). The modest strains are more consistent with global constraints on Ganymede’s expansion. Yet locally, we also find that surface strains can be much larger (30–60%) in the same simulations, consistent with observations of highly-extended impact craters. Thus our simulations satisfy both the smallest-scale and largest-scale inferences of strain on Ganymede. The growth rate of the topography is consistent with (or exceeds) predictions of analytical models, and results from the use of a non-associated plastic rheology that naturally permits localization of brittle failure (plastic strain) into linear fault-like shear zones. These fault-like zones are organized into periodically-spaced graben-like structures with stepped, steeply-dipping faults. As in previous work, groove amplitudes and wavelengths depend on both the imposed heat flux and surface temperature, but because our brittle strength increases with depth, we find (for the parameters explored) that the growth rate of topography is initially faster for lower heat flows. We observe a transition to narrow rifting for higher heat flows and larger strains, which is a potential pathway for breakaway margin or band formation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2014.09.008","usgsCitation":"Bland, M.T., and McKinnon, W.B., 2015, Forming Ganymede’s grooves at smaller strain: Toward a self-consistent local and global strain history for Ganymede: Icarus, v. 245, p. 247-262, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2014.09.008.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"262","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061749","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318648,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Ganymede","volume":"245","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56deb450e4b015c306fb8a10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bland, Michael T. 0000-0001-5543-1519 mbland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5543-1519","contributorId":146287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bland","given":"Michael","email":"mbland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKinnon, W. B.","contributorId":167377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKinnon","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":16661,"text":"Washington University in Saint Louis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70202414,"text":"70202414 - 2015 - New information and guidance for collapsible bag-type sediment samplers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-01T12:45:49","indexId":"70202414","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T12:45:43","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"New information and guidance for collapsible bag-type sediment samplers","docAbstract":"Answers for many critical water-related issues require solid-phase water-quality data that are representative, accurate, and consistent. Collection of suspended sediment samples for subsequent analyses of solid-phase constituents that represent water-column sediment concentrations requires use of appropriate isokinetic samplers and sampling techniques (Davis, 2005a). Recent review of field and laboratory data indicates that the Federal Interagency Sedimentation Project (FISP) collapsible bag-type sediment samplers may not function isokinetically under certain low velocity and/or low temperature conditions. Updated guidance and operational limits for FISP bag-type samplers were issued in FISP Memorandum 2013.01 (2013). This paper describes new information and guidance for operation of FISP bag-type samplers and ongoing efforts to further characterize the factors that influence bag-type sampler efficiency.
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\nNumerical models are critical for assessing the effects of sea level rise (SLR), hurricanes, and storm surge on vegetation change in the Everglades National Park. The model must be capable of representing short-timescale hydrodynamics, salinity transport, and groundwater interaction. However, there is also a strong need to adapt these numerical models to hindcast past conditions in order to examine long-term effects on the distribution of vegetation that cannot be determined using only the modern record.
\nMethods
\nBased on parameters developed for a numerical model developed for the recent 1996 to 2004 period, a hindcast model was developed to represent sea level and water management for the period of 1926 to 1932, constrained by the limited hydrology and meteorology data available from the historic past. Realistic hurricane-wind and storm surge representations, required for the hindcast model, are based on information synthesized from modern storm data. A series of simulation scenarios with various hurricane representations inserted into both hindcast and recent numerical models were used to assess the utility of the storm representation in the model and compare the two simulations.
\nResults
\nThe comparison of the hindcast and recent models showed differences in the hydrology patterns that are consistent with known differences in water delivery systems and sea level rise. A 30x lower-resolution spatially variable wind grid for the hindcast produced similar results to the original high-resolution full wind grid representation of the recent simulation. Storm effects on hydrologic patterns demonstrated with the simulations show hydrologic processes that could have a long-term effect on vegetation change.
\nConclusions
\nThe hindcast simulation estimated hydrologic processes for the 1926 to 1932 period. It shows promise as a simulator in long-term ecological studies to test hypotheses based on theoretical or empirical-based studies at larger landscape scales.
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