Recent studies suggest that climate change is causing rising solute concentrations in mountain lakes and streams. These changes may be more pronounced in mineralized watersheds due to the sensitivity of sulfide weathering to changes in subsurface oxygen transport. Specific causal mechanisms linking climate change and accelerated weathering rates have been proposed, but in general remain entirely hypothetical. For mineralized watersheds, a favored hypothesis is that falling water tables caused by declining recharge rates allow an increasing volume of sulfide-bearing rock to become exposed to air, thus oxygen. Here, we test the hypothesis that falling water tables are the primary cause of an increase in metals and SO4 (100-400%) observed since 1980 in the Upper Snake River (USR), Colorado. The USR drains an alpine watershed geologically and climatologically representative of many others in mineralized areas of the western U.S. Hydrologic and chemical data collected from 2005 to 2011 in a deep monitoring well (WP1) at the top of the USR watershed are utilized. During this period, both water table depths and groundwater SO4 concentrations have generally increased in the well. A numerical model was constructed using TOUGHREACT that simulates pyrite oxidation near WP1, including groundwater flow and oxygen transport in both saturated and unsaturated zones. The modeling suggests that a falling water table could produce an increase in metals and SO4 of a magnitude similar to that observed in the USR (up to 300%). Future water table declines may produce limited increases in sulfide weathering high in the watershed because of the water table dropping below the depth of oxygen penetration, but may continue to enhance sulfide weathering lower in the watershed where water tables are shallower. Advective air (oxygen) transport in the unsaturated zone caused by seasonally variable recharge and associated water table fluctuations was found to have little influence on pyrite oxidation rates near WP1. However, this mechanism could be important in the case of a shallow dynamic water table and more abundant/reactive sulfides in the shallow subsurface. Data from WP1 and numerical modeling results are thus consistent with the falling water table hypothesis, and illustrate fundamental processes linking climate and sulfide weathering in mineralized watersheds.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.07.002","usgsCitation":"Manning, A.H., Verplanck, P.L., Caine, J.S., and Todd, A.S., 2013, Links between climate change, water-table depth, and water chemistry in a mineralized mountain watershed: Applied Geochemistry, v. 37, p. 64-78, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.07.002.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"64","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044072","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300277,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5551d2b6e4b0a92fa7e93bf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manning, Andrew H. 0000-0002-6404-1237 amanning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-1237","contributorId":1305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"Andrew","email":"amanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Verplanck, Philip L. 0000-0002-3653-6419 plv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"Philip","email":"plv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caine, Jonathan S. 0000-0002-7269-6989 jscaine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-6989","contributorId":1272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caine","given":"Jonathan","email":"jscaine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":546438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Todd, Andrew S. atodd@usgs.gov","contributorId":1022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"Andrew","email":"atodd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":546439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70074336,"text":"70074336 - 2013 - Multivariate analysis of ATR-FTIR spectra for assessment of oil shale organic geochemical properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-29T11:29:18","indexId":"70074336","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-01T11:27:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multivariate analysis of ATR-FTIR spectra for assessment of oil shale organic geochemical properties","docAbstract":"In this study, attenuated total reflectance (ATR) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was coupled with partial least squares regression (PLSR) analysis to relate spectral data to parameters from total organic carbon (TOC) analysis and programmed pyrolysis to assess the feasibility of developing predictive models to estimate important organic geochemical parameters. The advantage of ATR-FTIR over traditional analytical methods is that source rocks can be analyzed in the laboratory or field in seconds, facilitating more rapid and thorough screening than would be possible using other tools. ATR-FTIR spectra, TOC concentrations and Rock–Eval parameters were measured for a set of oil shales from deposits around the world and several pyrolyzed oil shale samples. PLSR models were developed to predict the measured geochemical parameters from infrared spectra. Application of the resulting models to a set of test spectra excluded from the training set generated accurate predictions of TOC and most Rock–Eval parameters. The critical region of the infrared spectrum for assessing S1, S2, Hydrogen Index and TOC consisted of aliphatic organic moieties (2800–3000 cm−1) and the models generated a better correlation with measured values of TOC and S2 than did integrated aliphatic peak areas. The results suggest that combining ATR-FTIR with PLSR is a reliable approach for estimating useful geochemical parameters of oil shales that is faster and requires less sample preparation than current screening methods.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.orggeochem.2013.07.007","usgsCitation":"Washburn, K.E., and Birdwell, J.E., 2013, Multivariate analysis of ATR-FTIR spectra for assessment of oil shale organic geochemical properties: Organic Geochemistry, v. 63, p. 1-7, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2013.07.007.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"7","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-045241","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281649,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281639,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2013.07.007"}],"volume":"63","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd686ee4b0b2908510209f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Washburn, Kathryn E.","contributorId":76644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Washburn","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7152,"text":"Weatherford International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":489513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Birdwell, Justin E. 0000-0001-8263-1452 jbirdwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-1452","contributorId":3302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birdwell","given":"Justin","email":"jbirdwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70039923,"text":"70039923 - 2013 - Retrospective analysis of bottlenose dolphin foraging: a legacy of anthropogenic ecosystem disturbance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-08T11:23:20","indexId":"70039923","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-01T11:18:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Retrospective analysis of bottlenose dolphin foraging: a legacy of anthropogenic ecosystem disturbance","docAbstract":"We used stable isotope analysis to investigate the foraging ecology of coastal bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in relation to a series of anthropogenic disturbances. We first demonstrated that stable isotopes are a faithful indicator of habitat use by comparing muscle isotope values to behavioral foraging data from the same individuals. δ13C values increased, while δ34S and δ15N values decreased with the percentage of feeding observations in seagrass habitat. We then utilized stable isotope values of muscle to assess temporal variation in foraging habitat from 1991 to 2010 and collagen from tooth crown tips to assess the time period 1944 to 2007. From 1991 to 2010, δ13C values of muscle decreased while δ34S values increased indicating reduced utilization of seagrass habitat. From 1944 to 1989 δ13C values of the crown tip declined significantly, likely due to a reduction in the coverage of seagrass habitat and δ15N values significantly increased, a trend we attribute to nutrient loading from a rapidly increasing human population. Our results demonstrate the utility of using marine mammal foraging habits to retrospectively assess the extent to which anthropogenic disturbance impacts coastal food webs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Mammal Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-7692.2012.00618.x","usgsCitation":"Rossman, S., Barros, N., Ostrom, P., Stricker, C.A., Hohn, A.A., Gandhi, H., and Wells, R.S., 2013, Retrospective analysis of bottlenose dolphin foraging: a legacy of anthropogenic ecosystem disturbance: Marine Mammal Science, v. 29, no. 4, p. 705-718, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2012.00618.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"705","endPage":"718","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-040745","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280714,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280712,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2012.00618.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Sarasota Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.716235,27.280335 ], [ -82.716235,27.483156 ], [ -82.522979,27.483156 ], [ -82.522979,27.280335 ], [ -82.716235,27.280335 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd70e0e4b0b2908510752b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rossman, Sam","contributorId":8759,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rossman","given":"Sam","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":467205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barros, Nélio B.","contributorId":89053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barros","given":"Nélio B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ostrom, Peggy H.","contributorId":55736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ostrom","given":"Peggy H.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":467208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stricker, Craig A. 0000-0002-5031-9437 cstricker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-9437","contributorId":1097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"Craig","email":"cstricker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hohn, Aleta A.","contributorId":32819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hohn","given":"Aleta","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gandhi, Hasand","contributorId":31300,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gandhi","given":"Hasand","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wells, Randall S.","contributorId":81773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70046836,"text":"70046836 - 2013 - A multilocus evaluation of ermine (Mustela erminea) across the Holarctic, testing hypotheses of Pleistocene diversification in response to climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T18:10:59","indexId":"70046836","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-01T11:13:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2193,"text":"Journal of Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multilocus evaluation of ermine (Mustela erminea) across the Holarctic, testing hypotheses of Pleistocene diversification in response to climate change","docAbstract":"Aim: \nWe examined data for ermine (Mustela erminea) to test two sets of diversification hypotheses concerning the number and location of late Pleistocene refugia, the timing and mode of diversification, and the evolutionary influence of insularization.\n\nLocation: \nTemperate and sub-Arctic Northern Hemisphere.\n\nMethods: \nWe used up to two mitochondrial and four nuclear loci from 237 specimens for statistical phylogeographical and demographic analyses. Coalescent species-tree estimation used a Bayesian approach for clade divergence based on external mutation rate calibrations. Approximate Bayesian methods were used to assess population size, timing of divergence and gene flow.\n\nResults: \nLimited structure coupled with evidence of population growth across broad regions, including previously ice-covered areas, indicated expansion from multiple centres of differentiation, but high endemism along the North Pacific coast (NPC). A bifurcating model of diversification with recent growth spanning three glacial cycles best explained the empirical data.\n\nMain conclusions: \nA newly identified clade in North America indicated a fourth refugial area for ermine. The shallow coalescence of all extant ermine reflects a recent history of diversification overlying a deeper fossil record. Post-glacial colonization has led to potential contact zones for multiple lineages in north-western North America. A model of diversification of ermine accompanied by recent gene flow was marginally less well supported than a model of divergence of major clades in response to the most recent glacial cycles.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Biogeography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jbi.12221","usgsCitation":"Dawson, N., Hope, A.G., Talbot, S.L., and Cook, J.A., 2013, A multilocus evaluation of ermine (Mustela erminea) across the Holarctic, testing hypotheses of Pleistocene diversification in response to climate change: Journal of Biogeography, v. 41, no. 3, p. 464-475, https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12221.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"464","endPage":"475","ipdsId":"IP-048873","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12221","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":280864,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280862,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12221"}],"volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4a20e4b0b290850ef950","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, Natalie G.","contributorId":27781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Natalie G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hope, Andrew G. 0000-0003-3814-2891 ahope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3814-2891","contributorId":4309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hope","given":"Andrew","email":"ahope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cook, Joseph A.","contributorId":8323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cook","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7000,"text":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":480421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70044590,"text":"70044590 - 2013 - Social-ecological predictors of global invasions and extinctions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-14T11:18:53","indexId":"70044590","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-01T11:13:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1468,"text":"Ecology and Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Social-ecological predictors of global invasions and extinctions","docAbstract":"Most assessments of resilience have been focused on local conditions. Studies focused on the relationship between humanity and environmental degradation are rare, and are rarely comprehensive. We investigated multiple social-ecological factors for 100 countries around the globe in relation to the percentage of invasions and extinctions within each country. These 100 countries contain approximately 87% of the world’s population, produce 43% of the world’s per capita gross domestic product (GDP), and take up 74% of the earth’s total land area. We used an information theoretic approach to determine which models were most supported by our data, utilizing an a priori set of plausible models that included a combination of 15 social-ecological variables, each social-ecological factor by itself, and selected social-ecological factors grouped into three broad classes. These variables were per capita GDP, export-import ratio, tourism, undernourishment, energy efficiency, agricultural intensity, rainfall, water stress, wilderness protection, total biodiversity, life expectancy, adult literacy, pesticide regulation, political stability, and female participation in government. Our results indicate that as total biodiversity and total land area increase, the percentage of endangered birds also increases. As the independent variables (agricultural intensity, rainfall, water stress, and total biodiversity) in the ecological class model increase, the percentage of endangered mammals in a country increases. The percentage of invasive birds and mammals in a country increases as per capita GDP increases. As life expectancy increases, the percentage of invasive and endangered birds and mammals increases. Although our analysis does not determine mechanisms, the patterns observed in this study provide insight into the dynamics of a complex, global, social-ecological system.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.5751/ES-05550-180315","usgsCitation":"Lotz, A., and Allen, C.R., 2013, Social-ecological predictors of global invasions and extinctions: Ecology and Society, v. 18, no. 3, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-05550-180315.","productDescription":"15 p.","numberOfPages":"15","ipdsId":"IP-041216","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5751/es-05550-180315","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":279074,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":279073,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-05550-180315"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"528607a4e4b00926c21865b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lotz, Aaron","contributorId":105211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lotz","given":"Aaron","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047293,"text":"70047293 - 2013 - Evaluation of potential gas clogging associated with managed aquifer recharge from a spreading basin, southwestern Utah, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-03T15:04:27","indexId":"70047293","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-01T11:04:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Evaluation of potential gas clogging associated with managed aquifer recharge from a spreading basin, southwestern Utah, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Sand Hollow Reservoir in southwestern Utah, USA, is operated for both surface-water storage and managed aquifer recharge via infiltration from surface basin spreading to the underlying Navajo Sandstone. The total volume of estimated recharge from 2002 through 2011 was 131 Mm3., resulting in groundwater levels rising as much as 40 m. Hydraulic and hydrochemical data from the reservoir and various monitoring wells in Sand Hollow were used to evaluate the timing and location or reservoir recharge moving through the aquifer, along either potential clogging from trapped gases in pore throats, siltation, or algal mats. Several hyrdochemical tracers indicated this recharge had arrived at four monitoring wells located within about 300 m of the reservoir by 2012. At these wells, peak total dissolved-gas pressures exceeded two atmospheres (>1,500 mm mercury) and dissolved oxygen approached three times atmospherically equilibrated concentrations (>25 mg/L). these field parameters indicate that large amounts of gas trapped in pore spaces beneath the water table have dissolved. Lesser but notable increases in these dissolved-gas parameters (without increases in other indicators such as chloride-to-bromide ratios) at monitoring wells farther away (>300 m) indicate moderate amounts of in-situ sir entrapment and dissolution caused by the rise in regional groundwater levels. This is confirmed by hydrochemical difference between these sites and wells closer to the reservoir where recharge had already arrived. As the reservoir was being filled by 2002, managed aquifer recharge rates were initially very high (1.5 x 10-4 cm/s) with the vadose zone becoming saturated beneath and surrounding the reservoir. These rates declined to less than 3.5 x 10-6 cm/s during 2008. The 2002-08 decrease was likely associated with a declining regional hydraulic gradient and clogging. Increasing recharge rates during mid-2009 through 2010 may have been partly caused by dissolution of air bubbles initially entrapped in the aquifer matrix. Theoretical gas dissolution rates, coupled with field evidence of a decline iin total dissolved-gas pressure and dissolved oxygen from nearby monitoring wells, support the timing of this gas dissipation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Clogging issues associated with managed aquifer recharge methods","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"IAH Commission on Managing Aquifer Recharge","publisherLocation":"Australia","isbn":"9780646908526","usgsCitation":"Heilweil, V.M., and Marston, T., 2013, Evaluation of potential gas clogging associated with managed aquifer recharge from a spreading basin, southwestern Utah, U.S.A., chap. of Clogging issues associated with managed aquifer recharge methods, p. 84-94.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"84","endPage":"94","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-046038","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278967,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278966,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://recharge.iah.org/recharge/clogging.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Sand Hollow Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.39374,37.101658 ], [ -113.39374,37.127394 ], [ -113.35936,37.127394 ], [ -113.35936,37.101658 ], [ -113.39374,37.101658 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527e586ae4b02d2057dd95db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heilweil, Victor M. heilweil@usgs.gov","contributorId":837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heilweil","given":"Victor","email":"heilweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marston, Thomas","contributorId":61734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marston","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047957,"text":"70047957 - 2013 - An international network of magnetic observatories","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-17T10:28:45","indexId":"70047957","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-01T10:19:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An international network of magnetic observatories","docAbstract":"Since its formation in the late 1980s, the International Real-Time Magnetic Observatory Network (INTERMAGNET), a voluntary consortium of geophysical institutes from around the world, has promoted the operation of magnetic observatories according to modern standards [eg. Rasson, 2007]. INTERMAGNET institutes have cooperatively developed infrastructure for data exchange and management ads well as methods for data processing and checking. INTERMAGNET institute have also helped to expand global geomagnetic monitoring capacity, most notably by assisting magnetic observatory institutes in economically developing countries by working directly with local geophysicists. Today the INTERMAGNET consortium encompasses 57 institutes from 40 countries supporting 120 observatories (see Figures 1a and 1b). INTERMAGNET data record a wide variety of time series signals related to a host of different physical processes in the Earth's interiors and in the Earth's surrounding space environment [e.g., Love, 2008]. Observatory data have always had a diverse user community, and to meet evolving demand, INTERMAGNET has recently coordinated the introduction of several new data services.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2013EO420001","usgsCitation":"Love, J.J., and Chulliat, A., 2013, An international network of magnetic observatories: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 94, no. 42, p. 373-374, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013EO420001.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"373","endPage":"374","numberOfPages":"2","ipdsId":"IP-050889","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473508,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013eo420001","text":"External Repository"},{"id":281234,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281233,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013EO420001"}],"volume":"94","issue":"42","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4c9ae4b0b290850f114c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chulliat, A.","contributorId":108393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chulliat","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70101100,"text":"70101100 - 2013 - Spatial variability of \"Did You Feel It?\" intensity data: insights into sampling biases in historical earthquake intensity distributions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-10T10:20:47","indexId":"70101100","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-01T10:17:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial variability of \"Did You Feel It?\" intensity data: insights into sampling biases in historical earthquake intensity distributions","docAbstract":"Recent parallel development of improved quantitative methods to analyze intensity distributions for historical earthquakes and of web‐based systems for collecting intensity data for modern earthquakes provides an opportunity to reconsider not only important individual historical earthquakes but also the overall characterization of intensity distributions for historical events. The focus of this study is a comparison between intensity distributions of historical earthquakes with those from modern earthquakes for which intensities have been determined by the U.S. Geological Survey “Did You Feel It?” (DYFI) website (see Data and Resources). As an example of a historical earthquake, I focus initially on the 1843 Marked Tree, Arkansas, event. Its magnitude has been previously estimated as 6.0–6.2. I first reevaluate the macroseismic effects of this earthquake, assigning intensities using a traditional approach, and estimate a preferred magnitude of 5.4. Modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) values for the Marked Tree earthquake are higher, on average, than those from the 2011 >Mw 5.8 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake for distances ≤500 km but comparable or lower on average at larger distances, with a smaller overall felt extent. Intensity distributions for other moderate historical earthquakes reveal similar discrepancies; the discrepancy is also even more pronounced using earlier published intensities for the 1843 earthquake. I discuss several hypotheses to explain the discrepancies, including the possibility that intensity values associated with historical earthquakes are commonly inflated due to reporting/sampling biases. A detailed consideration of the DYFI intensity distribution for the Mineral earthquake illustrates how reporting and sampling biases can account for historical earthquake intensity biases as high as two intensity units and for the qualitative difference in intensity distance decays for modern versus historical events. Thus, intensity maps for historical earthquakes tend to imply more widespread damage patterns than are revealed by intensity distributions of modern earthquakes of comparable magnitude. However, intensity accounts of historical earthquakes often include fragmentary accounts suggesting long‐period shaking effects that will likely not be captured fully in historical intensity distributions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"BSSA","doi":"10.1785/0120120285","usgsCitation":"Hough, S.E., 2013, Spatial variability of \"Did You Feel It?\" intensity data: insights into sampling biases in historical earthquake intensity distributions: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 103, no. 5, p. 2767-2781, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120120285.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2767","endPage":"2781","ipdsId":"IP-044980","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286158,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286157,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120120285"}],"volume":"103","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53559566e4b0120853e8c201","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, Susan E. 0000-0002-5980-2986 hough@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"Susan","email":"hough@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70074640,"text":"70074640 - 2013 - Monitoring of livestock grazing effects on Bureau of Land Management land","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70005589,"text":"ofr20111263 - 2011 - Range-wide assessment of livestock grazing across the sagebrush biome","indexId":"ofr20111263","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Range-wide assessment of livestock grazing across the sagebrush biome"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70074640,"text":"70074640 - 2013 - Monitoring of livestock grazing effects on Bureau of Land Management land","indexId":"70074640","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"Monitoring of livestock grazing effects on Bureau of Land Management land"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T15:02:13","indexId":"70074640","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-01T09:54:49","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3407,"text":"Society for Range Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring of livestock grazing effects on Bureau of Land Management land","docAbstract":"Public land management agencies, such as the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), are charged with managing rangelands throughout the western United States for multiple uses, such as livestock grazing and conservation of sensitive species and their habitats. Monitoring of condition and trends of these rangelands, particularly with respect to effects of livestock grazing, provides critical information for effective management of these multiuse landscapes. We therefore investigated the availability of livestock grazing-related quantitative monitoring data and qualitative region-specific Land Health Standards (LHS) data across BLM grazing allotments in the western United States. We then queried university and federal rangeland science experts about how best to prioritize rangeland monitoring activities. We found that the most commonly available monitoring data were permittee-reported livestock numbers and season-of-use data (71% of allotments) followed by repeat photo points (58%), estimates of forage utilization (52%), and, finally, quantitative vegetation measurements (37%). Of the 57% of allotments in which LHS had been evaluated as of 2007, the BLM indicated 15% had failed to meet LHS due to livestock grazing. A full complement of all types of monitoring data, however, existed for only 27% of those 15%. Our data inspections, as well as conversations with rangeland experts, indicated a need for greater emphasis on collection of grazing-related monitoring data, particularly ground cover. Prioritization of where monitoring activities should be focused, along with creation of regional monitoring teams, may help improve monitoring. Overall, increased emphasis on monitoring of BLM rangelands will require commitment at multiple institutional levels.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Society for Range Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Range Management","doi":"10.2111/REM-D-12-00178.1","usgsCitation":"Veblen, K.E., Pyke, D.A., Aldridge, C.L., Casazza, M.L., Assal, T.J., and Farinha, M.A., 2013, Monitoring of livestock grazing effects on Bureau of Land Management land: Society for Range Management, v. 67, no. 1, p. 68-77, https://doi.org/10.2111/REM-D-12-00178.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"68","endPage":"77","ipdsId":"IP-051639","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281797,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281762,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2111/REM-D-12-00178.1"}],"country":"United States","volume":"67","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6822e4b0b29085101d62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Veblen, Kari E.","contributorId":76872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Veblen","given":"Kari","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":489642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aldridge, Cameron L. 0000-0003-3926-6941 aldridgec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-6941","contributorId":191773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Cameron","email":"aldridgec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":489641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Assal, Timothy J. 0000-0001-6342-2954 assalt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6342-2954","contributorId":2203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Assal","given":"Timothy","email":"assalt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Farinha, Melissa A.","contributorId":7791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farinha","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70058671,"text":"70058671 - 2013 - Cutthroat trout virus as a surrogate in vitro infection model for testing inhibitors of hepatitis E virus replication","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-12T09:27:20","indexId":"70058671","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-01T09:24:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":820,"text":"Antiviral Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cutthroat trout virus as a surrogate in vitro infection model for testing inhibitors of hepatitis E virus replication","docAbstract":"Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the most important causes of acute hepatitis worldwide. Although most infections are self-limiting, mortality is particularly high in pregnant women. Chronic infections can occur in transplant and other immune-compromised patients. Successful treatment of chronic hepatitis E has been reported with ribavirin and pegylated interferon-alpha, however severe side effects were observed. We employed the cutthroat trout virus (CTV), a non-pathogenic fish virus with remarkable similarities to HEV, as a potential surrogate for HEV and established an antiviral assay against this virus using the Chinook salmon embryo (CHSE-214) cell line. Ribavirin and the respective trout interferon were found to efficiently inhibit CTV replication. Other known broad-spectrum inhibitors of RNA virus replication such as the nucleoside analog 2′-C-methylcytidine resulted only in a moderate antiviral activity. In its natural fish host, CTV levels largely fluctuate during the reproductive cycle with the virus detected mainly during spawning. We wondered whether this aspect of CTV infection may serve as a surrogate model for the peculiar pathogenesis of HEV in pregnant women. To that end the effect of three sex steroids on in vitro CTV replication was evaluated. Whereas progesterone resulted in marked inhibition of virus replication, testosterone and 17β-estradiol stimulated viral growth. Our data thus indicate that CTV may serve as a surrogate model for HEV, both for antiviral experiments and studies on the replication biology of the Hepeviridae.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Antiviral Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.07.013","usgsCitation":"Debing, Y., Winton, J., Neyts, J., and Dallmeier, K., 2013, Cutthroat trout virus as a surrogate in vitro infection model for testing inhibitors of hepatitis E virus replication: Antiviral Research, v. 100, no. 1, p. 98-101, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.07.013.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"98","endPage":"101","numberOfPages":"4","ipdsId":"IP-044728","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0166-3542(13)00200-3","text":"External Repository"},{"id":280263,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280251,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.07.013"}],"volume":"100","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd539de4b0b290850f53f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Debing, Yannick","contributorId":38462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Debing","given":"Yannick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winton, James","contributorId":53897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neyts, Johan","contributorId":48082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neyts","given":"Johan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dallmeier, Kai","contributorId":52480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dallmeier","given":"Kai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70191693,"text":"70191693 - 2013 - Thermal controls of Yellowstone cutthroat trout and invasive fishes under climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-25T10:26:39","indexId":"70191693","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal controls of Yellowstone cutthroat trout and invasive fishes under climate change","docAbstract":"We combine large observed data sets and dynamically downscaled climate data to explore historic and future (2050–2069) stream temperature changes over the topographically diverse Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (elevation range = 824–4017 m). We link future stream temperatures with fish growth models to investigate how changing thermal regimes could influence the future distribution and persistence of native Yellowstone cutthroat trout (YCT) and competing invasive species. We find that stream temperatures during the recent decade (2000–2009) surpass the anomalously warm period of the 1930s. Climate simulations indicate air temperatures will warm by 1 °C to >3 °C over the Greater Yellowstone by mid-21st century, resulting in concomitant increases in 2050–2069 peak stream temperatures and protracted periods of warming from May to September (MJJAS). Projected changes in thermal regimes during the MJJAS growing season modify the trajectories of daily growth rates at all elevations with pronounced growth during early and late summer. For high-elevation populations, we find considerable increases in fish body mass attributable both to warming of cold-water temperatures and to extended growing seasons. During peak July to August warming, mid-21st century temperatures will cause periods of increased thermal stress, rendering some low-elevation streams less suitable for YCT. The majority (80%) of sites currently inhabited by YCT, however, display minimal loss (<10%) or positive changes in total body mass by midcentury; we attribute this response to the fact that many low-elevation populations of YCT have already been extirpated by historical changes in land use and invasions of non-native species. Our results further suggest that benefits to YCT populations due to warmer stream temperatures at currently cold sites could be offset by the interspecific effects of corresponding growth of sympatric, non-native species, underscoring the importance of developing climate adaptation strategies that reduce limiting factors such as non-native species and habitat degradation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.12262","usgsCitation":"Al-Chokhachy, R.K., Alder, J.R., Hostetler, S.W., Gresswell, R.E., and Shepard, B., 2013, Thermal controls of Yellowstone cutthroat trout and invasive fishes under climate change: Global Change Biology, v. 19, no. 10, p. 3069-3081, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12262.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"3069","endPage":"3081","ipdsId":"IP-041433","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498960,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12262","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347317,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 42\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f1a2aae4b0220bbd9d9fc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Al-Chokhachy, Robert K. 0000-0002-2136-5098 ral-chokhachy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2136-5098","contributorId":1674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Al-Chokhachy","given":"Robert","email":"ral-chokhachy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alder, Jay R. 0000-0003-2378-2853 jalder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2378-2853","contributorId":5118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alder","given":"Jay","email":"jalder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hostetler, Steven W. 0000-0003-2272-8302 swhostet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":3249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"Steven","email":"swhostet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gresswell, Robert E. 0000-0003-0063-855X bgresswell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0063-855X","contributorId":147914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gresswell","given":"Robert","email":"bgresswell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":713081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shepard, Bradley","contributorId":152364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shepard","given":"Bradley","affiliations":[{"id":18917,"text":"4B.B. Shepard and Associates, Livingston, MT, 59047 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":713085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70193295,"text":"70193295 - 2013 - A GIS and statistical approach to identify variables that control water quality in hydrothermally altered and mineralized watersheds, Silverton, Colorado, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-06T14:20:55","indexId":"70193295","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1534,"text":"Environmental Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A GIS and statistical approach to identify variables that control water quality in hydrothermally altered and mineralized watersheds, Silverton, Colorado, USA","docAbstract":"Hydrothermally altered bedrock in the Silverton mining area, southwest Colorado, USA, contains sulfide minerals that weather to produce acidic and metal-rich leachate that is toxic to aquatic life. This study utilized a geographic information system (GIS) and statistical approach to identify watershed-scale geologic variables in the Silverton area that influence water quality. GIS analysis of mineral maps produced using remote sensing datasets including Landsat Thematic Mapper, advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer, and a hybrid airborne visible infrared imaging spectrometer and field-based product enabled areas of alteration to be quantified. Correlations between water quality signatures determined at watershed outlets, and alteration types intersecting both total watershed areas and GIS-buffered areas along streams were tested using linear regression analysis. Despite remote sensing datasets having varying watershed area coverage due to vegetation cover and differing mineral mapping capabilities, each dataset was useful for delineating acid-generating bedrock. Areas of quartz–sericite–pyrite mapped by AVIRIS have the highest correlations with acidic surface water and elevated iron and aluminum concentrations. Alkalinity was only correlated with area of acid neutralizing, propylitically altered bedrock containing calcite and chlorite mapped by AVIRIS. Total watershed area of acid-generating bedrock is more significantly correlated with acidic and metal-rich surface water when compared with acid-generating bedrock intersected by GIS-buffered areas along streams. This methodology could be useful in assessing the possible effects that alteration type area has in either generating or neutralizing acidity in unmined watersheds and in areas where new mining is planned.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12665-013-2229-y","usgsCitation":"Yager, D.B., Johnson, R.H., Rockwell, B.W., Caine, J.S., and Smith, K.S., 2013, A GIS and statistical approach to identify variables that control water quality in hydrothermally altered and mineralized watersheds, Silverton, Colorado, USA: Environmental Earth Sciences, v. 70, no. 3, p. 1057-1082, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2229-y.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1057","endPage":"1082","ipdsId":"IP-031298","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2229-y","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348293,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Silverton","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.86445617675781,\n 37.621302013833\n ],\n [\n -107.47169494628906,\n 37.621302013833\n ],\n [\n -107.47169494628906,\n 37.98317483351337\n ],\n [\n -107.86445617675781,\n 37.98317483351337\n ],\n [\n -107.86445617675781,\n 37.621302013833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"70","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-02-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07ef0ae4b09af898c8cd79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Douglas B. 0000-0001-5074-4022 dyager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-4022","contributorId":798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Douglas","email":"dyager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Raymond H. rhjohnso@usgs.gov","contributorId":707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Raymond","email":"rhjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":718577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rockwell, Barnaby W. 0000-0002-9549-0617 barnabyr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9549-0617","contributorId":2195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rockwell","given":"Barnaby","email":"barnabyr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caine, Jonathan S. 0000-0002-7269-6989 jscaine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-6989","contributorId":1272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caine","given":"Jonathan","email":"jscaine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":718576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Kathleen S. 0000-0001-8547-9804 ksmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8547-9804","contributorId":182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kathleen","email":"ksmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70176642,"text":"70176642 - 2013 - Geomorphic and human influence on large-scale coastal change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-23T15:57:36","indexId":"70176642","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomorphic and human influence on large-scale coastal change","docAbstract":"An increasing need exists for regional-scale measurements of shoreline change to aid in management and planning decisions over a broad portion of the coast and to inform assessments of coastal vulnerabilities and hazards. A recent dataset of regional shoreline change, covering a large portion of the U.S. East coast (New England and Mid-Atlantic), provides rates of shoreline change over historical (~ 150 years) and recent (25–30 years) time periods making it ideal for a broad assessment of the regional variation of shoreline change, and the natural and human-induced influences on coastal behavior. The variable coastal landforms of the region provide an opportunity to investigate how specific geomorphic landforms relate to the spatial variability of shoreline change. In addition to natural influences on the rates of change, we examine the effects that development and human modifications to the coastline have on the measurements of regional shoreline change.
Regional variation in the rates of shoreline change is a function of the dominant type and distribution of coastal landform as well as the relative amount of human development. Our results indicate that geomorphology has measurable influence on shoreline change rates. Anthropogenic impacts are found to be greater along the more densely developed and modified portion of the coast where jetties at engineered inlets impound large volumes of sediment resulting in extreme but discrete progradation updrift of jetties. This produces a shift in averaged values of rates that may mask the natural long-term record. Additionally, a strong correlation is found to exist between rates of shoreline change and relative level of human development. Using a geomorphic characterization of the types of coastal landform as a guide for expected relative rates of change, we found that the shoreline appears to be changing naturally only along sparsely developed coasts. Even modest amounts of development influence the rates of change and the human imprint override the geomorphic signal. The study demonstrates that human activities associated with creating and maintaining coastal infrastructure alter the natural behavior of the coast over hundreds of kilometers and time spans greater than a century. This suggests that future assessments of vulnerability, based largely on rates of change along developed coastlines, need to take the role of human alterations into account.
","conferenceTitle":"Coastal Geomorphology and restoration 44th Binghampton Geomorphology Symposium","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.11.025","usgsCitation":"Hapke, C.J., Kratzmann, M.G., and Himmelstoss, E., 2013, Geomorphic and human influence on large-scale coastal change: Geomorphology, v. 199, p. 160-170, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.11.025.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"160","endPage":"170","ipdsId":"IP-031534","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328939,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"199","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f1aae4b0bc0bec09feec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hapke, Cheryl J. 0000-0002-2753-4075 chapke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2753-4075","contributorId":2981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapke","given":"Cheryl","email":"chapke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":649561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kratzmann, Meredith G. 0000-0002-2513-2144 mkratzmann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2513-2144","contributorId":4950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kratzmann","given":"Meredith","email":"mkratzmann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Himmelstoss, Emily A. ehimmelstoss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Himmelstoss","given":"Emily A.","email":"ehimmelstoss@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":649563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048495,"text":"ofr20131189 - 2013 - Center of Excellence for Geospatial Information Science research plan 2013-18","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-30T16:07:39","indexId":"ofr20131189","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-30T15:59:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1189","title":"Center of Excellence for Geospatial Information Science research plan 2013-18","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey Center of Excellence for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS) was created in 2006 and since that time has provided research primarily in support of The National Map. The presentations and publications of the CEGIS researchers document the research accomplishments that include advances in electronic topographic map design, generalization, data integration, map projections, sea level rise modeling, geospatial semantics, ontology, user-centered design, volunteer geographic information, and parallel and grid computing for geospatial data from The National Map. A research plan spanning 2013–18 has been developed extending the accomplishments of the CEGIS researchers and documenting new research areas that are anticipated to support The National Map of the future. In addition to extending the 2006–12 research areas, the CEGIS research plan for 2013–18 includes new research areas in data models, geospatial semantics, high-performance computing, volunteered geographic information, crowdsourcing, social media, data integration, and multiscale representations to support the Three-Dimensional Elevation Program (3DEP) and The National Map of the future of the U.S. Geological Survey.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131189","usgsCitation":"Usery, E.L., 2013, Center of Excellence for Geospatial Information Science research plan 2013-18: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1189, v, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131189.","productDescription":"v, 50 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":161,"text":"Center of Excellence for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278234,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131189.gif"},{"id":278232,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1189/"},{"id":278233,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1189/pdf/of2013-1189.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"524a8f67e4b017cb43afb104","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Usery, E. Lynn 0000-0002-2766-2173 usery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2766-2173","contributorId":231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.","email":"usery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175230,"text":"70175230 - 2013 - A comparison of adaptive sampling designs and binary spatial models: A simulation study using a census of Bromus inermis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-03T12:33:13","indexId":"70175230","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-30T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1577,"text":"Environmetrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of adaptive sampling designs and binary spatial models: A simulation study using a census of Bromus inermis","docAbstract":"Commonly in environmental and ecological studies, species distribution data are recorded as presence or absence throughout a spatial domain of interest. Field based studies typically collect observations by sampling a subset of the spatial domain. We consider the effects of six different adaptive and two non-adaptive sampling designs and choice of three binary models on both predictions to unsampled locations and parameter estimation of the regression coefficients (species–environment relationships). Our simulation study is unique compared to others to date in that we virtually sample a true known spatial distribution of a nonindigenous plant species, Bromus inermis. The census of B. inermis provides a good example of a species distribution that is both sparsely (1.9 % prevalence) and patchily distributed. We find that modeling the spatial correlation using a random effect with an intrinsic Gaussian conditionally autoregressive prior distribution was equivalent or superior to Bayesian autologistic regression in terms of predicting to un-sampled areas when strip adaptive cluster sampling was used to survey B. inermis. However, inferences about the relationships between B. inermis presence and environmental predictors differed between the two spatial binary models. The strip adaptive cluster designs we investigate provided a significant advantage in terms of Markov chain Monte Carlo chain convergence when trying to model a sparsely distributed species across a large area. In general, there was little difference in the choice of neighborhood, although the adaptive king was preferred when transects were randomly placed throughout the spatial domain.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Environmetrics Society","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1002/env.2223","usgsCitation":"Irvine, K.M., Thornton, J., Backus, V.M., Hohmann, M.G., Lehnhoff, E.A., Maxwell, B., Michels, K., and Rew, L., 2013, A comparison of adaptive sampling designs and binary spatial models: A simulation study using a census of Bromus inermis: Environmetrics, v. 24, no. 6, p. 407-417, https://doi.org/10.1002/env.2223.","startPage":"407","endPage":"417","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037370","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326035,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a315b9e4b006cb45558a1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irvine, Kathryn M. 0000-0002-6426-940X kirvine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6426-940X","contributorId":2218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvine","given":"Kathryn","email":"kirvine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thornton, Jamie","contributorId":173411,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thornton","given":"Jamie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Backus, Vickie M.","contributorId":173380,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Backus","given":"Vickie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27218,"text":"Montana State University, Earth Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hohmann, Matthew G.","contributorId":173379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hohmann","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":26926,"text":"Us Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lehnhoff, Erik A.","contributorId":173377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lehnhoff","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6765,"text":"Montana State University, Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Maxwell, Bruce D.","contributorId":173376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maxwell","given":"Bruce D.","affiliations":[{"id":6765,"text":"Montana State University, Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Michels, Kurt","contributorId":173378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Michels","given":"Kurt","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27217,"text":"University of Arizona, Department of Mathematical Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rew, Lisa","contributorId":167882,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rew","given":"Lisa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5120,"text":"Montana State University, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Bozeman, MT 59717","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70048483,"text":"70048483 - 2013 - Validating predictions from climate envelope models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T11:06:49","indexId":"70048483","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-30T10:05:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validating predictions from climate envelope models","docAbstract":"Climate envelope models are a potentially important conservation tool, but their ability to accurately forecast species’ distributional shifts using independent survey data has not been fully evaluated. We created climate envelope models for 12 species of North American breeding birds previously shown to have experienced poleward range shifts. For each species, we evaluated three different approaches to climate envelope modeling that differed in the way they treated climate-induced range expansion and contraction, using random forests and maximum entropy modeling algorithms. All models were calibrated using occurrence data from 1967–1971 (t1) and evaluated using occurrence data from 1998–2002 (t2). Model sensitivity (the ability to correctly classify species presences) was greater using the maximum entropy algorithm than the random forest algorithm. Although sensitivity did not differ significantly among approaches, for many species, sensitivity was maximized using a hybrid approach that assumed range expansion, but not contraction, in t2. Species for which the hybrid approach resulted in the greatest improvement in sensitivity have been reported from more land cover types than species for which there was little difference in sensitivity between hybrid and dynamic approaches, suggesting that habitat generalists may be buffered somewhat against climate-induced range contractions. Specificity (the ability to correctly classify species absences) was maximized using the random forest algorithm and was lowest using the hybrid approach. Overall, our results suggest cautious optimism for the use of climate envelope models to forecast range shifts, but also underscore the importance of considering non-climate drivers of species range limits. The use of alternative climate envelope models that make different assumptions about range expansion and contraction is a new and potentially useful way to help inform our understanding of climate change effects on species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"PLOS One","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0063600","usgsCitation":"Watling, J., Bucklin, D., Speroterra, C., Brandt, L., Cabal, C., Romañach, S., and Mazzotti, F., 2013, Validating predictions from climate envelope models: PLoS ONE, v. 8, no. 5, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063600.","productDescription":"12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-036644","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063600","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":278219,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278218,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063600"}],"volume":"8","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"524a8f6ae4b017cb43afb10d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watling, J.","contributorId":13125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watling","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bucklin, D.","contributorId":107179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bucklin","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Speroterra, C.","contributorId":75842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speroterra","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brandt, L.","contributorId":24548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cabal, C.","contributorId":52479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cabal","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Romañach, Stephanie S. 0000-0003-0271-7825 sromanach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-7825","contributorId":2331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romañach","given":"Stephanie S.","email":"sromanach@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":484805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mazzotti, Frank J.","contributorId":12358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mazzotti","given":"Frank J.","affiliations":[{"id":12604,"text":"Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, 3205 College Avenue, University of Florida, Davie, FL 33314, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":484806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70048481,"text":"70048481 - 2013 - A comparative assessment of tools for ecosystem services quantification and valuation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T11:07:29","indexId":"70048481","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-30T09:37:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1477,"text":"Ecosystem Services","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparative assessment of tools for ecosystem services quantification and valuation","docAbstract":"To enter widespread use, ecosystem service assessments need to be quantifiable, replicable, credible, flexible, and affordable. With recent growth in the field of ecosystem services, a variety of decision-support tools has emerged to support more systematic ecosystem services assessment. Despite the growing complexity of the tool landscape, thorough reviews of tools for identifying, assessing, modeling and in some cases monetarily valuing ecosystem services have generally been lacking. In this study, we describe 17 ecosystem services tools and rate their performance against eight evaluative criteria that gauge their readiness for widespread application in public- and private-sector decision making. We describe each of the tools′ intended uses, services modeled, analytical approaches, data requirements, and outputs, as well time requirements to run seven tools in a first comparative concurrent application of multiple tools to a common location – the San Pedro River watershed in southeast Arizona, USA, and northern Sonora, Mexico. Based on this work, we offer conclusions about these tools′ current ‘readiness’ for widespread application within both public- and private-sector decision making processes. Finally, we describe potential pathways forward to reduce the resource requirements for running ecosystem services models, which are essential to facilitate their more widespread use in environmental decision making.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystem Services","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.07.004","usgsCitation":"Bagstad, K.J., Semmens, D., Waage, S., and Winthrop, R., 2013, A comparative assessment of tools for ecosystem services quantification and valuation: Ecosystem Services, v. 5, p. 27-39, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.07.004.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-036066","costCenters":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278217,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278216,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.07.004"}],"volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"524a8f52e4b017cb43afb0fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bagstad, Kenneth J. 0000-0001-8857-5615 kjbagstad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8857-5615","contributorId":3680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bagstad","given":"Kenneth","email":"kjbagstad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Semmens, Darius J. 0000-0001-7924-6529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7924-6529","contributorId":64201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Semmens","given":"Darius J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waage, Sissel","contributorId":81786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waage","given":"Sissel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winthrop, Robert","contributorId":76216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winthrop","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048473,"text":"70048473 - 2013 - Changes in the structure and function of northern Alaskan ecosystems when considering variable leaf-out times across groupings of species in a dynamic vegetation model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-03T10:52:02","indexId":"70048473","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-30T09:25:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in the structure and function of northern Alaskan ecosystems when considering variable leaf-out times across groupings of species in a dynamic vegetation model","docAbstract":"The phenology of arctic ecosystems is driven primarily by abiotic forces, with temperature acting as the main determinant of growing season onset and leaf budburst in the spring. However, while the plant species in arctic ecosystems require differing amounts of accumulated heat for leaf-out, dynamic vegetation models simulated over regional to global scales typically assume some average leaf-out for all of the species within an ecosystem. Here, we make use of air temperature records and observations of spring leaf phenology collected across dominant groupings of species (dwarf birch shrubs, willow shrubs, other deciduous shrubs, grasses, sedges, and forbs) in arctic and boreal ecosystems in Alaska. We then parameterize a dynamic vegetation model based on these data for four types of tundra ecosystems (heath tundra, shrub tundra, wet sedge tundra, and tussock tundra), as well as ecotonal boreal white spruce forest, and perform model simulations for the years 1970 -2100. Over the course of the model simulations, we found changes in ecosystem composition under this new phenology algorithm compared to simulations with the previous phenology algorithm. These changes were the result of the differential timing of leaf-out, as well as the ability for the groupings of species to compete for nitrogen and light availability. Regionally, there were differences in the trends of the carbon pools and fluxes between the new phenology algorithm and the previous phenology algorithm, although these differences depended on the future climate scenario. These findings indicate the importance of leaf phenology data collection by species and across the various ecosystem types within the highly heterogeneous Arctic landscape, and that dynamic vegetation models should consider variation in leaf-out by groupings of species within these ecosystems to make more accurate projections of future plant distributions and carbon cycling in Arctic regions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Change Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.1111/gcb.12392","usgsCitation":"Euskirchen, E., Carman, T., and McGuire, A.D., 2013, Changes in the structure and function of northern Alaskan ecosystems when considering variable leaf-out times across groupings of species in a dynamic vegetation model: Global Change Biology, v. 20, no. 3, p. 963-978, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12392.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"963","endPage":"978","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-049058","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12392","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":278215,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278214,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12392"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"524a8f68e4b017cb43afb107","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Euskirchen, E.S.","contributorId":44737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euskirchen","given":"E.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carman, T.B.","contributorId":33210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carman","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGuire, Anthony D. 0000-0003-4646-0750 ffadm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4646-0750","contributorId":2493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Anthony","email":"ffadm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048471,"text":"ofr20131243 - 2013 - Seasonal flux and assemblage composition of planktic foraminifera from the northern Gulf of Mexico, 2008-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-23T09:02:21","indexId":"ofr20131243","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-27T15:07:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1243","title":"Seasonal flux and assemblage composition of planktic foraminifera from the northern Gulf of Mexico, 2008-2012","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey anchored a sediment trap in the northern Gulf of Mexico beginning in 2008 to collect seasonal time-series data on the flux and assemblage composition of live planktic foraminifers. This report provides an update of the previous time-series data to include results from 2012. Ten species, or varieties, constituted ~92 percent of the 2012 assemblage: Globigerinoides ruber (pink and white varieties), Globigerinoides sacculifer, Globigerina calida, Globigerinella aequilateralis, Globorotalia menardii group [The Gt. menardii group includes Gt. menardii, Gt. tumida, and Gt. ungulata], Orbulina universa, Globorotalia truncatulinoides, Pulleniatina spp., and Neogloboquadrina dutertrei. The mean daily flux was 158 tests per square meter per day (m–2 day–1), with maximum fluxes of >450tests m–2 day–1 during the beginning of July and mid–August and minimum fluxes of <10 tests m–2 day–1 during the beginning of February and mid–July. Globorotalia truncatulinoides showed a clear preference for the winter, consistent with data from 2008 to 2011. Globigerinoides ruber (white) flux data for 2012 (average 23 tests m–2 day–1) were consistent with data from 2011 (average 30 tests m–2 day–1) and 2010 (average 29 tests m–2 day–1) and showed a steady threefold increase since 2009 (average 11 tests m–2 day–1) and a tenfold increase from the 2008 flux (3 tests m–2 day–1).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131243","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, C.E., Richey, J.N., and Poore, R.Z., 2013, Seasonal flux and assemblage composition of planktic foraminifera from the northern Gulf of Mexico, 2008-2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1243, Report: v, 13 p.; 1 Table, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131243.","productDescription":"Report: v, 13 p.; 1 Table","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278207,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1243/table/ofr2013-1243_table.xls"},{"id":278208,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131243.gif"},{"id":278205,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1243/"},{"id":278206,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1243/pdf/ofr2013-1243.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.0415,19.994 ], [ -100.0415,32.981 ], [ -79.9805,32.981 ], [ -79.9805,19.994 ], [ -100.0415,19.994 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52469aefe4b035b7f35add8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Caitlin E. 0000-0002-1724-3055 creynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1724-3055","contributorId":4049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Caitlin","email":"creynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richey, Julie N. 0000-0002-2319-7980 jrichey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2319-7980","contributorId":5182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richey","given":"Julie","email":"jrichey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":484754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poore, Richard Z. rpoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"Richard","email":"rpoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":484752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048469,"text":"ofr20131234 - 2013 - Partnering for science: proceedings of the USGS Workshop on Citizen Science","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-10T16:39:58","indexId":"ofr20131234","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-27T14:57:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1234","title":"Partnering for science: proceedings of the USGS Workshop on Citizen Science","docAbstract":"What U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) programs use citizen science? How can projects be best designed while meeting policy requirements? What are the most effective volunteer recruitment methods? What data should be collected to ensure validation and how should data be stored? What standard protocols are most easily used by volunteers? Can data from multiple projects be integrated to support new research or existing science questions? To help answer these and other questions, the USGS Community of Data Integration (CDI) supported the development of the Citizen Science Working Group (CSWG) in August 2011 and funded the working group’s proposal to hold a USGS Citizen Science Workshop in fiscal year 2012. The stated goals for our workshop were: raise awareness of programs and projects in the USGS that incorporate citizen science, create a community of practice for the sharing of knowledge and experiences, provide a forum to discuss the challenges of—and opportunities for—incorporating citizen science into USGS projects, and educate and support scientists and managers whose projects may benefit from public participation in science.To meet these goals, the workshop brought together 50 attendees (see appendix A for participant details) representing the USGS, partners, and external citizen science practitioners from diverse backgrounds (including scientists, managers, project coordinators, and technical developers, for example) to discuss these topics at the Denver Federal Center in Colorado on September 11–12, 2012. Over two and a half days, attendees participated in four major plenary sessions (Citizen Science Policy and Challenges, Engaging the Public in Scientific Research, Data Collection and Management, and Technology and Tools) comprised of 25 invited presentations and followed by structured discussions for each session designed to address both prepared and ad hoc \"big questions.\" A number of important community support and infrastructure needs were identified from the sessions and discussions, and a subteam was formed to draft a strategic vision statement to guide and prioritize future USGS efforts to support the citizen science community. Attendees also brainstormed proposal ideas for the fiscal year 2013 CDI request for proposals: one possible venue to support the execution of the vision.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131234","collaboration":"Community for Data Integration","usgsCitation":"Hines, M., Benson, A., Govoni, D., Masaki, D., Poore, B., Simpson, A., and Tessler, S., 2013, Partnering for science: proceedings of the USGS Workshop on Citizen Science (Version 1.0: September 27, 2013; Version 1.1: March 25, 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1234, vi, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131234.","productDescription":"vi, 51 p.","numberOfPages":"61","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298982,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131234.jpg"},{"id":278203,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1234/pdf/ofr2013-1234.pdf"},{"id":278202,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1234/"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: September 27, 2013; Version 1.1: March 25, 2015","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52469aefe4b035b7f35add8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hines, Megan","contributorId":34033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"Megan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benson, Abigail 0000-0002-4391-107X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4391-107X","contributorId":45620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"Abigail","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Govoni, David","contributorId":13523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Govoni","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Masaki, Derek dmasaki@usgs.gov","contributorId":4826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masaki","given":"Derek","email":"dmasaki@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":484745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Poore, Barbara","contributorId":49039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"Barbara","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Simpson, Annie 0000-0001-8338-5134 asimpson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8338-5134","contributorId":127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Annie","email":"asimpson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tessler, Steven stessler@usgs.gov","contributorId":3772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tessler","given":"Steven","email":"stessler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":484744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70048466,"text":"sir20135164 - 2013 - Anatomical and genetic variation of western Oxyloma (Pulmonata: Succineidae) concerning the endangered Kanab ambersnail (Oxyloma haydeni kanabense) in Arizona and Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-27T14:05:35","indexId":"sir20135164","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-27T13:56:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5164","title":"Anatomical and genetic variation of western Oxyloma (Pulmonata: Succineidae) concerning the endangered Kanab ambersnail (Oxyloma haydeni kanabense) in Arizona and Utah","docAbstract":"The land snail genus Oxyloma (Pulmonata: Succineidae) includes the Federally endangered Kanab ambersnail (Oxyloma haydeni kanabense Pilsbry), which is known at the time of this study from only two locations in the United States: Three Lakes, Utah, and Vaseys Paradise, Arizona, on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park. Since 1994, the Kanab ambersnail has received much attention because its presence at Vaseys Paradise has implications for the ecosystem-wide management of the Colorado River. This attention is primarily because an experimental high-flow release of water from Glen Canyon Dam in 1996 destroyed or degraded Kanab ambersnail habitat at Vaseys Paradise. This experimental high flow was designed to replicate natural flow regimes throughout the Grand Canyon river corridor. However, as a result of the habitat destruction at Vaseys Paradise, in 1996, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ruled that no further experimental high-discharge floods could be carried out until additional Kanab ambersnail populations were discovered or established. This mandate created a situation where the management of a single endangered species conflicted directly with the management of an entire ecosystem. Although since 1996, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has permitted the use of flows as high as stage heights equivalent to 44,000 cubic feet per second, higher flows were requested by various Grand Canyon stakeholders and scientists but were not possible owing to low storage of Lake Powell.\n\nAdding to the controversy about Oxyloma and the Kanab ambersnail were previous anatomical and genetic analyses of the genus, which showed that genetic characteristics of specimens did not correspond with their identifications based on traditional taxonomic criteria, raising questions about the validity of the taxonomy of Oxyloma and the protected status of Kanab ambersnails. Specifically, a previous study suggested that the endangered Kanab ambersnail population at Three Lakes was more closely related to other, non-endangered ambersnail populations across the Southwest. In contrast, the Kanab ambersnail population at Vaseys Paradise appeared to be genetically distinct from all other ambersnail populations studied.\n\nManagement options for the ambersnail population at Vaseys Paradise, at the time of this study, conflict with ecosystem-wide measures proposed to benefit other natural resources in the Grand Canyon. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service will not revise the 1995 Kanab Ambersnail Recovery Plan until further genetic and anatomical analyses provide more fine-scale taxonomic resolution of the identity of Oxyloma populations on the Colorado Plateau and elsewhere in the American Southwest. Likewise, interagency cooperators cannot revise down-listing criteria for the Kanab ambersnail until substantial evidence is provided identifying distinct Oxyloma taxa or a larger group of conspecifics that reasonably could be managed as one species. Therefore, given the current controversy about the taxonomy of Oxyloma and the endangered Kanab ambersnail, new detailed analyses were completed of morphological and genetic variation from many Oxyloma specimens collected at 12 western North American locations. These new data have allowed us to evaluate many issues related to Kanab ambersnail taxonomy. Using this dataset, the study of shells and anatomy indicates that the holotype of Oxyloma haydeni kanabense plausibly can be regarded as a member of the same species as the populations of Oxyloma analyzed in this study. Additionally, the presence of gene flow among all populations is evidence that they are members of the same species. Almost all the observed genetic diversity can be accounted for by short-distance or long-distance dispersal events between populations in this study. Our major taxonomic conclusion is that all samples collected for this study were drawn from populations of the same species.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135164","usgsCitation":"Culver, M., Herrmann, H., Miller, M., Roth, B., and Sorenson, J., 2013, Anatomical and genetic variation of western Oxyloma (Pulmonata: Succineidae) concerning the endangered Kanab ambersnail (Oxyloma haydeni kanabense) in Arizona and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5164, Report: vii, 65 p.; 3 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135164.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 65 p.; 3 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"78","costCenters":[{"id":127,"text":"Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278200,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135164.jpg"},{"id":278197,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5164/pdf/sir2013-5164_appendixA.pdf"},{"id":278198,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5164/pdf/sir2013-5164_appendixB.pdf"},{"id":278199,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5164/pdf/sir2013-5164_appendixC.pdf"},{"id":278195,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5164/"},{"id":278196,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5164/pdf/sir2013-5164.pdf"}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic","country":"United States","state":"Arizona;Utah","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.0,34.0 ], [ -114.0,39.0 ], [ -117.0,39.0 ], [ -117.0,34.0 ], [ -114.0,34.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52469ad2e4b035b7f35add85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Culver, Melanie 0000-0001-5380-3059 mculver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5380-3059","contributorId":4327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culver","given":"Melanie","email":"mculver@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":127,"text":"Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":484736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herrmann, Hans-Werner","contributorId":40885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrmann","given":"Hans-Werner","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Mark","contributorId":93457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roth, Barry","contributorId":63298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"Barry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sorenson, Jeff","contributorId":54103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorenson","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70048458,"text":"sim3258 - 2013 - Geologic map of Chickasaw National Recreation Area, Murray County, Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-26T16:29:48","indexId":"sim3258","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-26T16:15:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3258","title":"Geologic map of Chickasaw National Recreation Area, Murray County, Oklahoma","docAbstract":"This 1:24,000-scale geologic map is a compilation of previous geologic maps and new geologic mapping of areas in and around Chickasaw National Recreation Area. The geologic map includes revisions of numerous unit contacts and faults and a number of previously “undifferentiated” rock units were subdivided in some areas. Numerous circular-shaped hills in and around Chickasaw National Recreation Area are probably the result of karst-related collapse and may represent the erosional remnants of large, exhumed sinkholes.\n\nGeospatial registration of existing, smaller scale (1:72,000- and 1:100,000-scale) geologic maps of the area and construction of an accurate Geographic Information System (GIS) database preceded 2 years of fieldwork wherein previously mapped geology (unit contacts and faults) was verified and new geologic mapping was carried out. The geologic map of Chickasaw National Recreation Area and this pamphlet include information pertaining to how the geologic units and structural features in the map area relate to the formation of the northern Arbuckle Mountains and its Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer. The development of an accurate geospatial GIS database and the use of a handheld computer in the field greatly increased both the accuracy and efficiency in producing the 1:24,000-scale geologic map.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3258","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Blome, C.D., Lidke, D.J., Wahl, R., and Golab, J., 2013, Geologic map of Chickasaw National Recreation Area, Murray County, Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3258, Report: iv, 28 p.; 1 Plate: 42.0 x 40.0 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3258.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 28 p.; 1 Plate: 42.0 x 40.0 inches; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278163,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3258/pdf/SIM3258_pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":278164,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3258/pdf/SIM3258_map.pdf"},{"id":278165,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3258/downloads/"},{"id":278162,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3258/"},{"id":278166,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3258.gif"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, zone 14","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","county":"Murray County","otherGeospatial":"Chicksaw National Recreation Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.083333,34.383333 ], [ -97.083333,34.533333 ], [ -96.9,34.533333 ], [ -96.9,34.383333 ], [ -97.083333,34.383333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52454a25e4b0b3d37307e150","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blome, Charles D. 0000-0002-3449-9378 cblome@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-9378","contributorId":1246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blome","given":"Charles","email":"cblome@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lidke, David J. 0000-0003-4668-1617 dlidke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4668-1617","contributorId":1211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidke","given":"David","email":"dlidke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wahl, Ronald R.","contributorId":7332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahl","given":"Ronald R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Golab, James A.","contributorId":95374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golab","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048440,"text":"ofr20131222 - 2013 - Design tradeoffs for trend assessment in aquatic biological monitoring programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-26T12:57:25","indexId":"ofr20131222","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-26T11:50:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1222","title":"Design tradeoffs for trend assessment in aquatic biological monitoring programs","docAbstract":"Assessments of long-term (multiyear) temporal trends in biological monitoring programs are generally undertaken without an adequate understanding of the temporal variability of biological communities. When the sources and levels of variability are unknown, managers cannot make informed choices in sampling design to achieve monitoring goals in a cost-effective manner. We evaluated different trend sampling designs by estimating components of both short- and long-term variability in biological indicators of water quality in streams. Invertebrate samples were collected from 32 sites—9 urban, 6 agricultural, and 17 relatively undisturbed (reference) streams—distributed throughout the United States. Between 5 and 12 yearly samples were collected at each site during the period 1993–2008, plus 2 samples within a 10-week index period during either 2007 or 2008. These data allowed calculation of four sources of variance for invertebrate indicators: among sites, among years within sites, interaction among sites and years (site-specific annual variation), and among samples collected within an index period at a site (residual). When estimates of these variance components are known, changes to sampling design can be made to improve trend detection. Design modifications that result in the ability to detect the smallest trend with the fewest samples are, from most to least effective: (1) increasing the number of years in the sampling period (duration of the monitoring program), (2) decreasing the interval between samples, and (3) increasing the number of repeat-visit samples per year (within an index period). This order of improvement in trend detection, which achieves the greatest gain for the fewest samples, is the same whether trends are assessed at an individual site or an average trend of multiple sites. In multiple-site surveys, increasing the number of sites has an effect similar to that of decreasing the sampling interval; the benefit of adding sites is greater when a new set of different sites is selected for each sampling effort than when the same sites are sampled each time. Understanding variance components of the ecological attributes of interest can lead to more cost-effective monitoring designs to detect trends.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131222","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program; Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Gurtz, M.E., Van Sickle, J., Carlisle, D.M., and Paulsen, S., 2013, Design tradeoffs for trend assessment in aquatic biological monitoring programs: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1222, v, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131222.","productDescription":"v, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278142,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131222.gif"},{"id":278140,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1222/"},{"id":278141,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1222/pdf/ofr2013-1222.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama;Arizona;Arkansas;California;Colorado;Georgia;Idaho;Indiana;Massachusetts;Michigan;New Jersey;North Carolina;Pennsylvania;Ohio;Oregon;Texas;Utah;Virginia;Washington;Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52454a24e4b0b3d37307e14d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gurtz, Martin E. megurtz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurtz","given":"Martin","email":"megurtz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":484655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Sickle, John","contributorId":72698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Sickle","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlisle, Daren M. 0000-0002-7367-348X dcarlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7367-348X","contributorId":513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"Daren","email":"dcarlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paulsen, Steven G.","contributorId":23837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulsen","given":"Steven G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048439,"text":"sir20135053 - 2013 - Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the South Coast Range-Coastal study unit, 2008: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T11:15:23","indexId":"sir20135053","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-26T11:43:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5053","title":"Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the South Coast Range-Coastal study unit, 2008: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality in the South Coast Range–Coastal (SCRC) study unit was investigated from May through November 2008 as part of the Priority Basin Project of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The study unit is located in the Southern Coast Range hydrologic province and includes parts of Santa Barbara and San Luis Obispo Counties. The GAMA Priority Basin Project is conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in collaboration with the California State Water Resources Control Board and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
\nThe GAMA Priority Basin Project was designed to provide a statistically unbiased, spatially distributed assessment of untreated groundwater quality within the primary aquifer system. The primary aquifer system is defined as that part of the aquifer corresponding to the perforation interval of wells listed in the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) database for the SCRC study unit.
\nThe assessments for the SCRC study unit were based on water-quality and ancillary data collected in 2008 by the USGS from 55 wells on a spatially distributed grid, and water-quality data from the CDPH database. Two types of assessments were made: (1) status, assessment of the current quality of the groundwater resource, and (2) understanding, identification of the natural and human factors affecting groundwater quality. Water-quality and ancillary data were collected from an additional 15 wells for the understanding assessment. The assessments characterize untreated groundwater quality, not the quality of treated drinking water delivered to consumers by water purveyors.
\nThe first component of this study, the status assessment of groundwater quality, used data from samples analyzed for anthropogenic constituents such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and pesticides, as well as naturally occurring inorganic constituents such as major ions and trace elements. Although the status assessment applies to untreated groundwater, Federal and California regulatory and non-regulatory water-quality benchmarks that apply to drinking water are used to provide context for the results. Relative-concentrations (sample concentration divided by benchmark concentration) were used for evaluating groundwater. A relative-concentration greater than (>) 1.0 indicates a concentration greater than the benchmark and is classified as high. Inorganic constituents are classified as moderate if relative-concentrations are >0.5 and less than or equal to (≤) 1.0, or low if relative-concentrations are ≤0.5. For organic constituents, the boundary between moderate and low relative-concentrations was set at 0.1.
\nAquifer-scale proportion was used in the status assessment as the primary metric for evaluating regional-scale groundwater quality. High aquifer-scale proportion is defined as the areal percentage of the primary aquifer system with a high relative-concentration for a particular constituent or class of constituents. Moderate and low aquifer-scale proportions were defined as the areal percentage of the primary aquifer system with moderate and low relative-concentrations, respectively. Two statistical approaches—grid-based and spatially weighted—were used to evaluate aquifer-scale proportions for individual constituents and classes of constituents. Grid-based and spatially weighted estimates were comparable for the study (within 90 percent confidence intervals).
\nFor inorganic constituents with human-health benchmarks, relative-concentrations were high for at least one constituent for 33 percent of the primary aquifer system in the SCRC study unit. Arsenic, molybdenum, and nitrate were the primary inorganic constituents with human-health benchmarks that were detected at high relative-concentrations. Inorganic constituents with aesthetic benchmarks, referred to as secondary maximum contaminant levels (SMCLs), had high relative-concentrations for 35 percent of the primary aquifer system. Iron, manganese, total dissolved solids (TDS), and sulfate were the inorganic constituents with SMCLs detected at high relative-concentrations.
\nIn contrast to inorganic constituents, organic constituents with human-health benchmarks were not detected at high relative-concentrations in the primary aquifer system in the SCRC study unit. Of the 205 organic constituents analyzed, 21 were detected—13 with human-health benchmarks. Perchloroethene (PCE) was the only VOC detected at moderate relative-concentrations. PCE, dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12), and chloroform were detected in more than 10 percent of the primary aquifer system. Of the two special-interest constituents, one was detected; perchlorate, which has a human-health benchmark, was detected at moderate relative-concentrations in 29 percent of the primary aquifer system and had a detection frequency of 60 percent in the SCRC study unit.
\nThe second component of this study, the understanding assessment, identified the natural and human factors that may have affected groundwater quality in the SCRC study unit by evaluating statistical correlations between water-quality constituents and potential explanatory factors. The potential explanatory factors evaluated were land use, septic tank density, well depth and depth to top-of-perforations, groundwater age, density and distance to the nearest formerly leaking underground fuel tank (LUFT), pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration. Results of the statistical evaluations were used to explain the occurrence and distribution of constituents in the study unit.
\nDO was the primary explanatory factor influencing the concentrations of many inorganic constituents. Arsenic, iron, and manganese concentrations increased as DO concentrations decreased, consistent with patterns expected as a result of reductive dissolution of iron and (or) manganese oxides in aquifer sediments. Molybdenum concentrations increased in anoxic conditions and in oxic conditions with high pH, reflecting two mechanisms for the mobilization of molybdenum—reductive dissolution and pH-dependent desorption under oxic conditions from aquifer sediments. Nitrate concentrations decreased as DO concentrations decreased which would be consistent with degradation of nitrate under anoxic conditions (denitrification). It also is possible that nitrate concentrations decreased in relation to increasing depth and groundwater age and not as a result of denitrification.
\nGroundwater age was another explanatory factor frequently correlated to several inorganic constituents. Iron and manganese concentrations were higher in pre-modern (water recharged before 1952) or mixed-age groundwater. This correlation is one indication that iron and manganese are from natural sources. Nitrate, TDS, and sulfate concentrations were higher in modern groundwater (water recharged since 1952) and may indicate that human activities increase concentrations of nitrate, TDS, and sulfate.
\nLand use was a third explanatory factor frequently correlated with inorganic constituents. Nitrate, TDS, and sulfate concentrations were higher in agricultural land-use areas than in natural land-use areas, indicating that increased concentrations may be a result of agricultural practices.
\nOrganic constituents usually were detected at low relative-concentrations; therefore, statistical analyses of relations to explanatory factors usually were done for classes of constituents (for example, pesticides or solvents) as well as for selected constituents. The number of VOCs detected in a well was not correlated to any of the explanatory factors evaluated. The number of pesticide and solvent detections and PCE and CFC-12 concentrations were higher in modern groundwater than in pre-modern groundwater. PCE and CFC-12 also were positively correlated to the density of LUFTs. PCE was negatively correlated to natural land use. Chloroform concentrations were positively correlated to the density of septic systems.
\nPerchlorate concentrations were greater in agricultural areas than in urban or natural areas. Correlation of perchlorate with DO may indicate that perchlorate biodegradation under anoxic conditions may occur. Anthropogenic sources have contributed perchlorate to groundwater in the SCRC study unit, although low levels of perchlorate may occur naturally.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135053","collaboration":"A product of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program, Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Burton, C., Land, M., and Belitz, K., 2013, Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the South Coast Range-Coastal study unit, 2008: California GAMA Priority Basin Project: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5053, ix, 86 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135053.","productDescription":"ix, 86 p.","numberOfPages":"100","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278137,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135053.jpg"},{"id":278135,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5053/"},{"id":278136,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5053/pdf/sir2013-5053.pdf"}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic Projection","country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -0.01611111111111111,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.01638888888888889,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.01638888888888889,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,8.333333333333334E-4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52454a27e4b0b3d37307e15f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burton, Carmen A. 0000-0002-6381-8833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6381-8833","contributorId":41793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Carmen A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Land, Michael 0000-0001-5141-0307 mtland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5141-0307","contributorId":1479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Michael","email":"mtland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":484652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048438,"text":"fs20133061 - 2013 - Water resources of Assumption Parish, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-26T11:44:17","indexId":"fs20133061","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-26T11:38:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3061","title":"Water resources of Assumption Parish, Louisiana","docAbstract":"Information concerning the availability, use, and quality of water in Assumption Parish, Louisiana, is critical for proper water-supply management. The purpose of this fact sheet is to present information that can be used by water managers, parish residents, and others for management of this vital resource. Information on the availability, past and current use, use trends, and water quality from groundwater and surface-water sources in the parish is presented. Previously published reports and data stored in the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water Information System (http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis) are the primary sources of the information presented here. In 2010, about 21.4 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) of water were withdrawn in Assumption Parish, including about 12.4 Mgal/d from surface-water sources and 9.03 Mgal/d from groundwater sources. Withdrawals for industrial use accounted for about 16.4 Mgal/d or 76 percent of the total water withdrawn. Other categories of use included public supply, rural domestic, livestock, general irrigation, and aquaculture.Water-use data collected at 5-year intervals from 1960 to 2010 indicated that water withdrawals peaked in 2000 at about 29.7 Mgal/d.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133061","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development","usgsCitation":"Prakken, L., and Lovelace, J.K., 2013, Water resources of Assumption Parish, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3061, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133061.","productDescription":"5 p.","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278134,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133061.gif"},{"id":278132,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3061/"},{"id":278133,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3061/pdf/FS13-3061.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Assumption Parish","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.260338,29.626211 ], [ -91.260338,30.081902 ], [ -90.885307,30.081902 ], [ -90.885307,29.626211 ], [ -91.260338,29.626211 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52454a27e4b0b3d37307e165","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prakken, Lawrence B.","contributorId":73978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prakken","given":"Lawrence B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lovelace, John K. 0000-0002-8532-2599 jlovelac@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8532-2599","contributorId":999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovelace","given":"John","email":"jlovelac@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}