This report summarizes the current understanding of floodplain processes and landforms for the Willamette River and its major tributaries. The area of focus encompasses the main stem Willamette River above Newberg and the portions of the Coast Fork Willamette, Middle Fork Willamette, McKenzie, and North, South and main stem Santiam Rivers downstream of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dams. These reaches constitute a large portion of the alluvial, salmon-bearing rivers in the Willamette Basin.
\nThe geomorphic, or historical, floodplain of these rivers has two zones - the active channel where coarse sediment is mobilized and transported during annual flooding and overbank areas where fine sediment is deposited during higher magnitude floods. Historically, characteristics of the rivers and geomorphic floodplain (including longitudinal patterns in channel complexity and the abundance of side channels, islands and gravel bars) were controlled by the interactions between floods and the transport of coarse sediment and large wood. Local channel responses to these interactions were then shaped by geologic features like bedrock outcrops and variations in channel slope.
\nOver the last 150 years, floods and the transport of coarse sediment and large wood have been substantially reduced in the basin. With dam regulation, nearly all peak flows are now confined to the main channels. Large floods (greater than 10-year recurrence interval prior to basinwide flow regulation) have been largely eliminated. Also, the magnitude and frequency of small floods (events that formerly recurred every 2–10 years) have decreased substantially. The large dams trap an estimated 50–60 percent of bed-material sediment—the building block of active channel habitats—that historically entered the Willamette River. They also trap more than 80 percent of the estimated bed material in the lower South Santiam River and Middle and Coast Forks of the Willamette River. Downstream, revetments further decrease bed-material supply by an unknown amount because they limit bank erosion and entrainment of stored sediment.
\nThe rivers, geomorphic floodplain, and vegetation within the study area have changed noticeably in response to the alterations in floods and coarse sediment and wood transport. Widespread decreases have occurred in the rates of meander migration and avulsions and the number and diversity of landforms such as gravel bars, islands, and side channels. Dynamic and, in some cases, multi-thread river segments have become stable, single-thread channels. Preliminary observations suggest that forest area has increased within the active channel, further reducing the area of unvegetated gravel bars.
\nAlterations to floods and sediment transport and ongoing channel, floodplain, and vegetation responses result in a modern Willamette River Basin. Here, the floodplain influenced by the modern flow and sediment regimes, or the functional floodplain, is narrower and inset with the broader and older geomorphic floodplain. The functional floodplain is flanked by higher elevation relict floodplain features that are no longer inundated by modern floods. The corridor of present- day active channel surfaces is narrower, enabling riparian vegetation to establish on formerly active gravel bar surfaces.
\nThe modern Willamette River Basin with its fundamental changes in the flood, sediment transport, and large wood regimes has implications for future habitat conditions. System-wide future trends probably include narrower floodplains and a lower diversity of landforms and habitats along the Willamette River and its major tributaries compared to historical patterns and today.
\nFurthermore, specific conditions and future trends will probably vary between geologically stable, anthropogenically stable, and dynamic reaches. The middle and lower segments of the Willamette River are geologically stable, whereas the South Santiam and Middle Fork Willamette Rivers were historically dynamic, but are now largely stable in response to flow regulation and revetment construction. The upper Willamette and North Santiam Rivers retain some dynamic characteristics, and provide the greatest diversity of aquatic and riparian habitats under the current flow and sediment regime. The McKenzie River has some areas that are more dynamic, whereas other sections are stable due to geology or revetments.
\nHistorical reductions in channel dynamism also have implications for ongoing and future recruitment and succession of floodplain forests. For instance, the succession of native plants like black cottonwood is currently limited by (1) fewer low-elevation gravel bars for stand initiation; (2) altered streamflow during seed release, germination, and stand initiation; (3) competition from introduced plant species; and (4) frequent erosion of young vegetation in some locations because scouring flows are concentrated within a narrow channel corridor.
\nDespite past alterations, the Willamette River Basin has many of the physical and ecological building blocks necessary for highly functioning rivers. Management strategies, including environmental flow programs, river and floodplain restoration, revetment modifications, and reclamation of gravel mines, are underway to mitigate some historical changes. However, there are some substantial gaps in the scientific understanding of the modern Willamette basin that is needed to efficiently integrate these blocks and to establish realistic objectives for future conditions. Unanswered questions include:
\n\n1. What is the distribution and diversity of landforms and habitats along the Willamette River and its tributaries?
\n2. What is the extent of today’s functional floodplain—the part of the river corridor actively formed and modified by fluvial processes?
\n3. How are landforms and habitats in the Willamette River Basin created and sustained by present-day flow and sediment conditions?
\n4. How is the succession of native floodplain vegetation shaped by present-day flow and sediment conditions?
Answering these questions will produce baseline data on the current distributions of landforms and habitats (question 1), the extent of the functional floodplain (question 2), and the effects of modern flow and sediment regimes on future floodplain landforms, habitats, and vegetation succession (questions 3 and 4). Addressing questions 1 and 2 is a logical next step because they underlie questions 3 and 4. Addressing these four questions would better characterize the modern Willamette Basin and help in implementing and setting realistic targets for ongoing management strategies, demonstrating their effectiveness at the site and basin scales, and anticipating future trends and conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131246","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Benton County Soil and Water Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Wallick, J., Jones, K.L., O'Connor, J., Keith, M., Hulse, D., and Gregory, S.V., 2013, Geomorphic and vegetation processes of the Willamette River floodplain, Oregon: current understanding and unanswered science questions: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1246, vi, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131246.","productDescription":"vi, 70 p.","numberOfPages":"79","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049307","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280210,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131246.jpg"},{"id":280208,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1246/"},{"id":280209,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1246/pdf/ofr2013-1246.pdf"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"Newberg","otherGeospatial":"Mckenzie River;Santiam River;Willamette Basin;Willamette River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.4202,42.9986 ], [ -124.4202,46.077 ], [ -120.9155,46.077 ], [ -120.9155,42.9986 ], [ -124.4202,42.9986 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52a64033e4b0a6d6958823f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallick, J. Rose 0000-0002-9392-272X rosewall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-272X","contributorId":3583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallick","given":"J. Rose","email":"rosewall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Krista L. 0000-0002-0301-4497 kljones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0301-4497","contributorId":4550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Krista","email":"kljones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O'Connor, Jim E. 0000-0002-7928-5883 oconnor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7928-5883","contributorId":140771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connor","given":"Jim E.","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":487109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keith, Mackenzie K.","contributorId":16560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"Mackenzie K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hulse, David","contributorId":72290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hulse","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gregory, Stanley V.","contributorId":60528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregory","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70048990,"text":"sir20135182 - 2013 - Estimation of traveltime and longitudinal dispersion in streams in West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-06T08:59:14","indexId":"sir20135182","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-06T08:46:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5182","title":"Estimation of traveltime and longitudinal dispersion in streams in West Virginia","docAbstract":"Traveltime and dispersion data are important for understanding and responding to spills of contaminants in waterways. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with West Virginia Bureau for Public Health, Office of Environmental Health Services, compiled and evaluated traveltime and longitudinal dispersion data representative of many West Virginia waterways. Traveltime and dispersion data were not available for streams in the northwestern part of the State. Compiled data were compared with estimates determined from national equations previously published by the USGS. The evaluation summarized procedures and examples for estimating traveltime and dispersion on streams in West Virginia.
\nNational equations developed by the USGS can be used to predict traveltime and dispersion for streams located in West Virginia, but the predictions will be less accurate than those made with graphical interpolation between measurements. National equations for peak concentration, velocity of the peak concentration, and traveltime of the leading edge had root mean square errors (RMSE) of 0.426 log units (127 percent), 0.505 feet per second (ft/s), and 3.78 hours (h). West Virginia data fit the national equations for peak concentration, velocity of the peak concentration, and traveltime of the leading edge with RMSE of 0.139 log units (38 percent), 0.630 ft/s, and 3.38 h, respectively. The national equation for maximum possible velocity of the peak concentration exceeded 99 percent and 100 percent of observed values from the national data set and West Virginia-only data set, respectively. No RMSE was reported for time of passage of a dye cloud, as estimated using the national equation; however, the estimates made using the national equations had a root mean square error of 3.82 h when compared to data gathered for this study.
\nTraveltime and dispersion estimates can be made from the plots of traveltime as a function of streamflow and location for streams with plots available, but estimates can be made using the national equations for streams without plots. The estimating procedures are not valid for regulated stream reaches that were not individually studied or streamflows outside the limits studied.
\nRapidly changing streamflow and inadequate mixing across the stream channel affect traveltime and dispersion, and reduce the accuracy of estimates. Increases in streamflow typically result in decreases in the peak concentration and traveltime of the peak concentration. Decreases in streamflow typically result in increases in the peak concentration and traveltime of the peak concentration. Traveltimes will likely be less than those determined using the estimating equations and procedures if the spill is in the center of the stream, and traveltimes will likely be greater than those determined using the estimating equations and procedures if the spill is near the streambank.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135182","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the West Virginia Bureau for Public Health, Office of Environmental Health Services","usgsCitation":"Wiley, J.B., and Messinger, T., 2013, Estimation of traveltime and longitudinal dispersion in streams in West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5182, vi, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135182.","productDescription":"vi, 62 p.","numberOfPages":"73","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-043346","costCenters":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280203,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135182.jpg"},{"id":280201,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5182/"},{"id":280202,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5182/pdf/sir2013-5182.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.2929,37.035 ], [ -83.2929,40.9216 ], [ -77.3015,40.9216 ], [ -77.3015,37.035 ], [ -83.2929,37.035 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52a64027e4b0a6d695882373","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiley, Jeffrey B.","contributorId":59746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiley","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Messinger, Terence 0000-0003-4084-9298 tmessing@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4084-9298","contributorId":2717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Messinger","given":"Terence","email":"tmessing@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70049009,"text":"ofr20131225 - 2013 - Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter: Estero Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-11T08:36:52","indexId":"ofr20131225","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-05T11:51:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1225","title":"Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter: Estero Bay, California","docAbstract":"Between July 30 and August 9, 2012, scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center (PCMSC), acquired bathymetry and acoustic-backscatter data from Estero Bay, San Luis Obispo, California, under PCMSC Field Activity ID S-05-12-SC.\n\nThe survey was done using the R/V Parke Snavely outfitted with a multibeam sonar for swath mapping and highly accurate position and orientation equipment for georeferencing. This report provides these data in a number of different formats, as well as a summary of the mapping mission, maps of bathymetry and backscatter, and Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131225","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Hartwell, S., Finlayson, D.P., Dartnell, P., and Johnson, S.Y., 2013, Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter: Estero Bay, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1225, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131225.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045199","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280195,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131225.PNG"},{"id":280194,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1225/abstract.html"},{"id":280193,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1225/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Estero Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.538601,35.159338 ], [ -121.538601,35.718667 ], [ -120.717273,35.718667 ], [ -120.717273,35.159338 ], [ -121.538601,35.159338 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52a1a061e4b02938ec058795","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartwell, Stephen R.","contributorId":31669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartwell","given":"Stephen R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finlayson, David P. dfinlayson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finlayson","given":"David","email":"dfinlayson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Samuel Y. 0000-0001-7972-9977 sjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-9977","contributorId":2607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Samuel","email":"sjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70055882,"text":"sir20135212 - 2013 - Streamflow monitoring and statistics for development of water rights claims for Wild and Scenic Rivers, Owyhee Canyonlands Wilderness, Idaho, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-05T09:17:52","indexId":"sir20135212","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-05T09:02:11","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5212","title":"Streamflow monitoring and statistics for development of water rights claims for Wild and Scenic Rivers, Owyhee Canyonlands Wilderness, Idaho, 2012","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), collected streamflow data in 2012 and estimated streamflow statistics for stream segments designated \"Wild,\" \"Scenic,\" or \"Recreational\" under the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System in the Owyhee Canyonlands Wilderness in southwestern Idaho. The streamflow statistics were used by BLM to develop and file a draft, federal reserved water right claim in autumn 2012 to protect federally designated \"outstanding remarkable values\" in the stream segments. BLM determined that the daily mean streamflow equaled or exceeded 20 and 80 percent of the time during bimonthly periods (two periods per month) and the bankfull streamflow are important streamflow thresholds for maintaining outstanding remarkable values. Prior to this study, streamflow statistics estimated using available datasets and tools for the Owyhee Canyonlands Wilderness were inaccurate for use in the water rights claim. Streamflow measurements were made at varying intervals during February–September 2012 at 14 monitoring sites; 2 of the monitoring sites were equipped with telemetered streamgaging equipment. Synthetic streamflow records were created for 11 of the 14 monitoring sites using a partial‑record method or a drainage-area-ratio method. Streamflow records were obtained directly from an operating, long-term streamgage at one monitoring site, and from discontinued streamgages at two monitoring sites. For 10 sites analyzed using the partial-record method, discrete measurements were related to daily mean streamflow at a nearby, telemetered “index” streamgage. Resulting regression equations were used to estimate daily mean and annual peak streamflow at the monitoring sites during the full period of record for the index sites. A synthetic streamflow record for Sheep Creek was developed using a drainage-area-ratio method, because measured streamflows did not relate well to any index site to allow use of the partial-record method. The synthetic and actual daily mean streamflow records were used to estimate daily mean streamflow that was exceeded 80, 50, and 20 percent of the time (80-, 50-, and 20-percent exceedances) for bimonthly and annual periods. Bankfull streamflow statistics were calculated by fitting the synthetic and actual annual peak streamflow records to a log Pearson Type III distribution using Bulletin 17B guidelines in the U.S. Geological Survey PeakFQ program. The coefficients of determination (R2) for the regressions between the monitoring and index sites ranged from 0.74 for Wickahoney Creek to 0.98 for the West Fork Bruneau River and Deep Creek. Confidence in computed streamflow statistics is highest among other sites for the East Fork Owyhee River and the West Fork Bruneau River on the basis of regression statistics, visual fit of the related data, and the range and number of streamflow measurements. Streamflow statistics for sites with the greatest uncertainty included Big Jacks, Little Jacks, Cottonwood, Wickahoney, and Sheep Creeks. The uncertainty in computed streamflow statistics was due to a number of factors which included the distance of index sites relative to monitoring sites, relatively low streamflow conditions that occurred during the study, and the limited number and range of streamflow measurements. However, the computed streamflow statistics are considered the best possible estimates given available datasets in the remote study area. Streamflow measurements over a wider range of hydrologic and climatic conditions would improve the relations between streamflow characteristics at monitoring and index sites. Additionally, field surveys are needed to verify if the streamflows selected for the water rights claims are sufficient for maintaining outstanding remarkable values in the Wild and Scenic rivers included in the study.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135212","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Wood, M.S., and Fosness, R.L., 2013, Streamflow monitoring and statistics for development of water rights claims for Wild and Scenic Rivers, Owyhee Canyonlands Wilderness, Idaho, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5212, vi, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135212.","productDescription":"vi, 65 p.","numberOfPages":"76","ipdsId":"IP-042211","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280184,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135212.jpg"},{"id":280183,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5212/pdf/sir20135212.pdf"},{"id":280178,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5212/"}],"datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Nevada;Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Owyhee Canyonlands Wilderness","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.5,41.5 ], [ -117.5,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.01638888888888889,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.01638888888888889,41.5 ], [ -117.5,41.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52a1a08ae4b02938ec058843","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Molly S. 0000-0002-5184-8306 mswood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5184-8306","contributorId":788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Molly","email":"mswood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fosness, Ryan L. 0000-0003-4089-2704 rfosness@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4089-2704","contributorId":2703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fosness","given":"Ryan","email":"rfosness@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70058009,"text":"70058009 - 2013 - Integrated carbon budget models for the Everglades terrestrial-coastal-oceanic gradient: Current status and needs for inter-site comparisons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-03T16:05:03","indexId":"70058009","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-03T15:54:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2929,"text":"Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated carbon budget models for the Everglades terrestrial-coastal-oceanic gradient: Current status and needs for inter-site comparisons","docAbstract":"Recent studies suggest that coastal ecosystems can bury significantly \nmore C than tropical forests, indicating that continued coastal development and \nexposure to sea level rise and storms will have global biogeochemical consequences. \nThe Florida Coastal Everglades Long Term Ecological Research (FCE LTER) site \nprovides an excellent subtropical system for examining carbon (C) balance because \nof its exposure to historical changes in freshwater distribution and sea level rise and \nits history of significant long-term carbon-cycling studies. FCE LTER scientists used \nnet ecosystem C balance and net ecosystem exchange data to estimate C budgets \nfor riverine mangrove, freshwater marsh, and seagrass meadows, providing insights \ninto the magnitude of C accumulation and lateral aquatic C transport. Rates of net \nC production in the riverine mangrove forest exceeded those reported for many \ntropical systems, including terrestrial forests, but there are considerable uncertainties \naround those estimates due to the high potential for gain and loss of C through \naquatic fluxes. C production was approximately balanced between gain and loss in \nEverglades marshes; however, the contribution of periphyton increases uncertainty \nin these estimates. Moreover, while the approaches used for these initial estimates \nwere informative, a resolved approach for addressing areas of uncertainty is critically \nneeded for coastal wetland ecosystems. Once resolved, these C balance estimates, \nin conjunction with an understanding of drivers and key ecosystem feedbacks, can \ninform cross-system studies of ecosystem response to long-term changes in climate, \nhydrologic management, and other land use along coastlines","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Oceanography Society","doi":"10.5670/oceanog.2013.51","usgsCitation":"Troxler, T.G., Gaiser, E., Barr, J., Fuentes, J.D., Jaffe, R., Childers, D., Collado-Vides, L., Rivera-Monroy, V., Castañeda-Moya, E., Anderson, W., Chambers, R., Chen, M., Coronado-Molina, C., Davis, S., Engel, V.C., Fitz, C., Fourqurean, J., Frankovich, T., Kominoski, J., Madden, C., Malone, S.L., Oberbauer, S.F., Olivas, P., Richards, J., Saunders, C., Schedlbauer, J., Scinto, L.J., Sklar, F., Smith, T.J., Smoak, J.M., Starr, G., Twilley, R., and Whelan, K., 2013, Integrated carbon budget models for the Everglades terrestrial-coastal-oceanic gradient: Current status and needs for inter-site comparisons: Oceanography, v. 26, no. 3, p. 98-107, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2013.51.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"98","endPage":"107","ipdsId":"IP-049533","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2013.51","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":280172,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280171,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2013.51"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Everglades","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { 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One subspecies (E. semicaudata rotensis) occurs in the Northern Mariana Islands, where it has been extirpated from all but 1 island (Aguiguan). We assessed genetic similarity between the last population of E. s. rotensis and 2 other subspecies, and examined genetic diversity on Aguiguan. We sampled 12 E. s. rotensis, sequenced them at 3 mitochondrial loci, and compared them with published sequences from 2 other subspecies. All 12 E. s. rotensis had identical sequences in each of the 3 regions. Using cytochrome-b (Cytb) data E. s. rotensis was sister to E. s. palauensis in a clade separate from E. s. semicaudata. 12S ribosomal RNA (12S) sequences grouped all E. s. semicaudata in 1 clade with E. s. rotensis in a clade by itself. Genetic distances among the 3 subspecies at Cytb were smallest between E. s. palauensis and E. s. rotensis. Distance between E. s. semicaudata and the other 2 subspecies was not different from the distance between E. s. semicaudata and the full species E. raffrayana. A similar relationship was found using the 12S data. These distances are larger than those typically reported for mammalian subspecies using Cytb sequence and within the range of sister species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","doi":"10.1644/13-MAMM-A-006.1","usgsCitation":"Oyler-McCance, S.J., Valdez, E.W., O’Shea, T.J., and Fike, J.A., 2013, Genetic characterization of the Pacific sheath-tailed bat (Emballonura semicaudata rotensis) using mitochondrial DNA sequence data: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 94, no. 5, p. 1030-1036, https://doi.org/10.1644/13-MAMM-A-006.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1030","endPage":"1036","ipdsId":"IP-045069","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280151,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280149,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/13-MAMM-A-006.1"},{"id":280150,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1644/13-MAMM-A-006.1"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 130.3,-20.01 ], [ 130.3,17.64 ], [ -176.4,17.64 ], [ -176.4,-20.01 ], [ 130.3,-20.01 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"94","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"529efd70e4b01942f4ab8b86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oyler-McCance, Sara J. 0000-0003-1599-8769 sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1599-8769","contributorId":1973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oyler-McCance","given":"Sara","email":"sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valdez, Ernest W. 0000-0002-7262-3069 ernie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7262-3069","contributorId":3600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valdez","given":"Ernest","email":"ernie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Shea, Thomas J. osheat@usgs.gov","contributorId":2327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Shea","given":"Thomas","email":"osheat@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fike, Jennifer A. fikej@usgs.gov","contributorId":4564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fike","given":"Jennifer","email":"fikej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70049025,"text":"fs20133080 - 2013 - Origin and characteristics of discharge at San Marcos Springs, south-central Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-06-11T20:28:54.252696","indexId":"fs20133080","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-03T10:56:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3080","title":"Origin and characteristics of discharge at San Marcos Springs, south-central Texas","docAbstract":"The Edwards aquifer in south-central Texas is one of the most productive aquifers in the Nation and is the primary source of water for the rapidly growing San Antonio area. Springs issuing from the Edwards aquifer provide habitat for several threatened and endangered species, serve as locations for recreational activities, and supply downstream users. Comal Springs and San Marcos Springs are major discharge points for the Edwards aquifer, and their discharges are used as thresholds in groundwater management strategies. Regional flow paths originating in the western part of the aquifer are generally understood to supply discharge at Comal Springs. In contrast, the hydrologic connection of San Marcos Springs with the regional Edwards aquifer flow system is less understood. During November 2008–December 2010, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System, collected and analyzed hydrologic and geochemical data from springs, groundwater wells, and streams to gain a better understanding of the origin and characteristics of discharge at San Marcos Springs. During the study, climatic and hydrologic conditions transitioned from exceptional drought to wetter than normal. The wide range of hydrologic conditions that occurred during this study—and corresponding changes in surface-water, groundwater and spring discharge, and in physicochemical properties and geochemistry—provides insight into the origin of the water discharging from San Marcos Springs. Three orifices at San Marcos Springs (Deep, Diversion, and Weissmuller Springs) were selected to be representative of larger springs at the spring complex. Key findings include that discharge at San Marcos Springs was dominated by regional recharge sources and groundwater flow paths and that different orifices of San Marcos Springs respond differently to changes in hydrologic conditions; Deep Spring was less responsive to changes in hydrologic conditions than were Diversion Spring and Weissmuller Spring. Also, San Marcos Springs discharge is influenced by mixing with a component of saline groundwater.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133080","issn":"2327-6932","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System","usgsCitation":"Musgrove, M., and Crow, C.L., 2013, Origin and characteristics of discharge at San Marcos Springs, south-central Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3080, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133080.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-048943","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":505507,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_99361.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":280142,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3080/"},{"id":280144,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3080/pdf/fs2013-3080.pdf"},{"id":280145,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133080.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"San Marcos Springs","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.666667,29.666667 ], [ -98.666667,30.333333 ], [ -97.666667,30.333333 ], [ -97.666667,29.666667 ], [ -98.666667,29.666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"529efd71e4b01942f4ab8b8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Musgrove, MaryLynn","contributorId":34878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"MaryLynn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crow, Cassi L. 0000-0002-1279-2485 ccrow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1279-2485","contributorId":1666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crow","given":"Cassi","email":"ccrow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70057890,"text":"70057890 - 2013 - Outplanting Wyoming big sagebrush following wldfire: stock performance and economics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-03T09:47:25","indexId":"70057890","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-03T09:28:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3228,"text":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","onlineIssn":"1551-5028","printIssn":"1550-7424","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Outplanting Wyoming big sagebrush following wldfire: stock performance and economics","docAbstract":"Finding ecologically and economically effective ways to establish matrix species is often critical for restoration success. Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata subsp. wyomingensis) historically dominated large areas of western North America, but has been extirpated from many areas by large wildfires; its re-establishment in these areas often requires active management. We evaluated the performance (survival, health) and economic costs of container and bare-root stock based on operational plantings of more than 1.5 million seedlings across 2 200 ha, and compared our plantings with 30 other plantings in which sagebrush survival was tracked for up to 5 yr. Plantings occurred between 2001 and 2007, and included 12 combinations of stock type, planting amendment, and planting year.We monitored 10 500 plants for up to 8 yr after planting. Survival to Year 3 averaged 21% and was higher for container stock (30%) than bare-root stock (17%). Survival did not differ among container stock plantings, whereas survival of bare-root stock was sometimes enhanced by a hydrogel dip before planting, but not by\nmycorrhizal amendments. Most mortality occurred during the first year after planting; this period is the greatest barrier to establishment of sagebrush stock. The proportion of healthy stock in Year 1 was positively related to subsequent survival to Year 3. Costs were minimized, and survival maximized, by planting container stock or bare-root stock with a hydrogel dip. Our results indicate that outplanting is an ecologically and economically effective way of establishing Wyoming big sagebrush. However, statistical analyses were limited by the fact that data about initial variables (stock quality, site conditions, weather) were often unrecorded and by the lack of a replicated experimental design. Sharing consistent data and using an experimental approach would help land managers and restoration practitioners maximize the success of outplanting efforts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Range Management","doi":"10.2111/REM-D-12-00114.1","usgsCitation":"Dettweiler-Robinson, E., Bakker, J.D., Evans, J.R., Newsome, H., Davies, G.M., Wirth, T., Pyke, D.A., Easterly, R.T., Salstrom, D., and Dunwiddle, P.W., 2013, Outplanting Wyoming big sagebrush following wldfire: stock performance and economics: Rangeland Ecology and Management, v. 66, no. 6, p. 657-666, https://doi.org/10.2111/REM-D-12-00114.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"657","endPage":"666","ipdsId":"IP-043770","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473404,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/642752","text":"External Repository"},{"id":280135,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280104,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2111/REM-D-12-00114.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.8008,46.3658 ], [ -119.8008,46.7957 ], [ -119.259,46.7957 ], [ -119.259,46.3658 ], [ -119.8008,46.3658 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"66","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"529efd71e4b01942f4ab8b8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dettweiler-Robinson, Eva","contributorId":48860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettweiler-Robinson","given":"Eva","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bakker, Jonathan D.","contributorId":15754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakker","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, James R.","contributorId":94583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newsome, Heidi","contributorId":69051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newsome","given":"Heidi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davies, G. 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These species are the subject of substantial management interest on the Missouri River for several reasons. First, ecosystem recovery is a goal for management agencies that seek to maintain or restore natural functions and native biological communities for the Missouri River system. Terns and plovers are recognized as important ecosystem components that are linked with the river’s ecological functions. Second, although both species breed beyond the Missouri River system, the Missouri River is one of the principal breeding areas in the Northern Great Plains; thus, the river system is a focal area for recovery actions targeted at regional population goals. Third, a Biological Opinion for Missouri River operations established annual productivity goals for terns and plovers, and the recovery plan for each species established annual population goals. Meeting these goals is a key motivation in management decision making and implementation with regard to both species. A myriad of conservation and management interests necessitate understanding numbers, distribution, and productivity of terns and plovers on the Missouri River system. To this end, a Tern and Plover Monitoring Program (TPMP) was implemented by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (hereafter “Corps”) in 1986, and has since provided annual estimates of tern and plover numbers and productivity for five Missouri River reservoirs and four river reaches (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1993). The TPMP has served as the primary source of information about the status of terns and plovers on the Missouri River, and TPMP data have been used for a wide variety of purposes. In 2005, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center (NPWRC) was tasked by the Corps to evaluate the accuracy of the TPMP and provide guidance on revising the program to assess tern and plover numbers and reproductive success. Accordingly, NPWRC studied terns and plovers on two river reaches and one reservoir (hereafter “the evaluation”), and used the results of those studies to help understand properties and potential limitations of TPMP data and to provide guidance for TPMP revisions. The purpose of this report is to present an overview and evaluation of the TPMP data, the results of our intensive monitoring, and propose an alternative idea that provides a framework for making decisions about how to monitor terns and plovers.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131176","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Shaffer, T.L., Sherfy, M.H., Anteau, M.J., Stucker, J.H., Sovada, M.A., Roche, E.A., Wiltermuth, M.T., Buhl, T.K., and Dovichin, C.M., 2013, Accuracy of the Missouri River Least Tern and Piping Plover Monitoring Program: considerations for the future: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1176, Report: xi, 74 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131176.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 74 p.; Downloads 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with the Will County Stormwater Management Planning Committee. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/ depict estimates of the areal extent of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (gage heights or stages) at the USGS streamgage at DuPage River at Shorewood, Illinois (sta. no. 05540500). Current conditions at the USGS streamgage may be obtained on the Internet at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/usa/nwis/uv?05540500. In addition, the information has been provided to the National Weather Service (NWS) for incorporation into their Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) flood warning system (http://water.weather.gov/ahps/). The NWS forecasts flood hydrographs at many places that are often colocated with USGS streamgages. The NWS-forecasted peak-stage information, also shown on the DuPage River at Shorewood inundation Web site, may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation. In this study, flood profiles were computed for the stream reach by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model. The hydraulic model was then used to determine nine water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1-ft intervals referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from NWS Action stage of 6 ft to the historic crest of 14.0 ft. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) (derived from Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data) by using a Geographic Information System (GIS) in order to delineate the area flooded at each water level. These maps, along with information on the Internet regarding current gage height from USGS streamgages and forecasted stream stages from the NWS, provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for postflood recovery efforts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3275","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Will County Stormwater Management Planning Committee","usgsCitation":"Murphy, E., and Sharpe, J.B., 2013, Flood-inundation maps for the DuPage River from Plainfield to Shorewood, Illinois, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3275, Pamphlet: vi, 8 p.; Map Sheets: 9 jpg files, 9 PDF files 11 inches x 17 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3275.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: vi, 8 p.; Map Sheets: 9 jpg files, 9 PDF files 11 inches x 17 inches; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-043662","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280119,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3275.jpg"},{"id":280109,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3275/pdf/sim3275_mapsheets_pdf/Sheet02stage7_sim3275.pdf"},{"id":280110,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3275/pdf/sim3275_mapsheets_pdf/Sheet01stage6_sim3275.pdf"},{"id":280107,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3275/"},{"id":280108,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3275/pdf/sim3275_pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":280111,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3275/pdf/sim3275_mapsheets_pdf/Sheet03stage8_sim3275.pdf"},{"id":280112,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3275/pdf/sim3275_mapsheets_pdf/Sheet04stage9_sim3275.pdf"},{"id":280113,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3275/pdf/sim3275_mapsheets_pdf/Sheet05stage10_sim3275.pdf"},{"id":280114,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3275/pdf/sim3275_mapsheets_pdf/Sheet06stage11_sim3275.pdf"},{"id":280115,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3275/pdf/sim3275_mapsheets_pdf/Sheet07stage12_sim3275.pdf"},{"id":280116,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3275/pdf/sim3275_mapsheets_pdf/Sheet08stage13_sim3275.pdf"},{"id":280117,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3275/pdf/sim3275_mapsheets_pdf/Sheet09stage14_sim3275.pdf"},{"id":280118,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3275/Downloads"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.233333,41.516667 ], [ -88.233333,41.700000 ], [ -88.150000,41.700000 ], [ -88.150000,41.516667 ], [ -88.233333,41.516667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"529dac16e4b0516126f66b4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":69660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Elizabeth A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharpe, Jennifer B. 0000-0002-5192-7848 jbsharpe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5192-7848","contributorId":2825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharpe","given":"Jennifer","email":"jbsharpe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70057877,"text":"70057877 - 2013 - Large dams and alluvial rivers in the Anthropocene: The impacts of the Garrison and Oahe Dams on the Upper Missouri River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-02T13:43:58","indexId":"70057877","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-02T13:27:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":815,"text":"Anthropocene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large dams and alluvial rivers in the Anthropocene: The impacts of the Garrison and Oahe Dams on the Upper Missouri River","docAbstract":"The Missouri River has had a long history of anthropogenic modification with considerable impacts on river and riparian ecology, form, and function. During the 20th century, several large dam-building efforts in the basin served the needs for irrigation, flood control, navigation, and the generation of hydroelectric power. The managed flow provided a range of uses, including recreation, fisheries, and habitat. Fifteen dams impound the main stem of the river, with hundreds more on tributaries. Though the effects of dams and reservoirs are well-documented, their impacts have been studied individually, with relatively little attention paid to their interaction along a river corridor. We examine the morphological and sedimentological changes in the Upper Missouri River between the Garrison Dam in ND (operational in 1953) and Oahe Dam in SD (operational in 1959). Through historical aerial photography, stream gage data, and cross sectional surveys, we demonstrate that the influence of the upstream dam is still a major control of river dynamics when the backwater effects of the downstream reservoir begin. In the “Anthropocene”, dams are ubiquitous on large rivers and often occur in series, similar to the Garrison Dam Segment. We propose a conceptual model of how interacting dams might affect river geomorphology, resulting in distinct and recognizable morphologic sequences that we term “Inter-Dam sequence” characteristic of major rivers in the US.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Anthropocene","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ancene.2013.10.002","usgsCitation":"Skalak, K., Benthem, A.J., Schenk, E.R., Hupp, C.R., Galloway, J.M., Nustad, R.A., and Wiche, G.J., 2013, Large dams and alluvial rivers in the Anthropocene: The impacts of the Garrison and Oahe Dams on the Upper Missouri River: Anthropocene, v. 2, p. 51-64, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2013.10.002.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-049280","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280100,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280097,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2013.10.002"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota;South Dakota;Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.3648,42.4969 ], [ -105.3648,47.5073 ], [ -99.2708,47.5073 ], [ -99.2708,42.4969 ], [ -105.3648,42.4969 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"529dac18e4b0516126f66b5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skalak, Katherine 0000-0003-4122-1240 kskalak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4122-1240","contributorId":3990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skalak","given":"Katherine","email":"kskalak@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benthem, Adam J. 0000-0003-2372-0281 abenthem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2372-0281","contributorId":2740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benthem","given":"Adam","email":"abenthem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schenk, Edward R. 0000-0001-6886-5754 eschenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-5754","contributorId":2183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Edward","email":"eschenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hupp, Cliff R. 0000-0003-1853-9197 crhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":2344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Cliff","email":"crhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Galloway, Joel M. 0000-0002-9836-9724 jgallowa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9836-9724","contributorId":1562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Joel","email":"jgallowa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nustad, Rochelle A. 0000-0002-4713-5944 ranustad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4713-5944","contributorId":1811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nustad","given":"Rochelle","email":"ranustad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wiche, Gregg J. gjwiche@usgs.gov","contributorId":1675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiche","given":"Gregg","email":"gjwiche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70058049,"text":"70058049 - 2013 - Ground-motion prediction from tremor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-24T09:44:32","indexId":"70058049","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-01T15:16:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-motion prediction from tremor","docAbstract":"The widespread occurrence of tremor, coupled with its frequency content and location, provides an exceptional opportunity to test and improve strong ground-motion attenuation relations for subduction zones. We characterize the amplitude of thousands of individual 5 min tremor events in Cascadia during three episodic tremor and slip events to constrain the distance decay of peak ground acceleration (PGA) and peak ground velocity (PGV). We determine the anelastic attenuation parameter for ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) to a distance of 150 km, which is sufficient to place important constraints on ground-motion decay. Tremor PGA and PGV show a distance decay that is similar to subduction-zone-specific GMPEs developed from both data and simulations; however, the massive amount of data present in the tremor observations should allow us to refine distance-amplitude attenuation relationships for use in hazard maps, and to search for regional variations and intrasubduction zone differences in ground-motion attenuation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2013GL058506","usgsCitation":"Baltay Sundstrom, A.S., and Beroza, G., 2013, Ground-motion prediction from tremor: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 40, no. 24, p. 6340-6345, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058506.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"6340","endPage":"6345","numberOfPages":"6","ipdsId":"IP-052323","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280767,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280765,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058506"}],"country":"Canada;United States","state":"British Columbia;Oregon;Washington","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -126.0,46.0 ], [ -126.0,50.0 ], [ -122.0,50.0 ], [ -122.0,46.0 ], [ -126.0,46.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"40","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-12-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5f5fe4b0b290850fc47e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baltay, Annemarie S. 0000-0002-6514-852X abaltay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6514-852X","contributorId":4932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baltay","given":"Annemarie","email":"abaltay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beroza, Gregory C.","contributorId":10713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beroza","given":"Gregory C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70147932,"text":"70147932 - 2013 - Winter habitat use and survival of lesser prairie-chickens in West Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-11T11:14:36","indexId":"70147932","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-01T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter habitat use and survival of lesser prairie-chickens in West Texas","docAbstract":"The lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) has experienced declines in population and occupied range since the late 1800s and is currently proposed for Federal protection under the Endangered Species Act. Populations and the distribution of lesser prairie-chickens in Texas, USA, are thought to be at or near all-time lows. Currently, there is a paucity of data on the wintering ecology of the species. We measured home range, habitat use, and survival of lesser prairie-chickens during the non-breeding seasons (1 Sep-28 Feb) of 2008-2009, 2009-2010, and 2010-2011 in sand shinnery oak (Quercus havardii) landscapes in the West Texas panhandle region. Home range size did not differ among years or between females (503 ha) andmales (489 ha). Over 97% of locations of both male and female prairie-chickens were within 3.2 km of the lek of capture, and 99.9% were within 3.2 km of an available water source (i.e., livestock water tank). Habitat cover types were not used proportional to occurrence within the home ranges; grassland-dominated areas with co-occurring sand shinnery oak were used more than available, but sand sagebrush (Artemisia filifolia)-dominated areas with grassland and sand sagebrush-dominated areas with bare ground were both used less than available. Survival rates during the first 2 non-breeding seasons (>80%) were among the highest reported for the species. However, survival during the third non-breeding season was only 57%, resulting in a 3-year average of 72%. It does not appear that non-breeding season mortality is a strong limiting factor in lesser prairie-chicken persistence in the study area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/wsb.354","usgsCitation":"Pirius, N.E., Boal, C.W., Haukos, D.A., and Wallace, M., 2013, Winter habitat use and survival of lesser prairie-chickens in West Texas: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 37, no. 4, p. 759-765, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.354.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"759","endPage":"765","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037557","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/8bd2278a2b34485da513e457ff581500","text":"External Repository"},{"id":300285,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5551d2c1e4b0a92fa7e93c24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pirius, Nicholas E.","contributorId":57702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pirius","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boal, Clint W. 0000-0001-6008-8911 cboal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6008-8911","contributorId":1909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boal","given":"Clint","email":"cboal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haukos, David A. 0000-0001-5372-9960 dhaukos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-9960","contributorId":3664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukos","given":"David","email":"dhaukos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wallace, M.C.","contributorId":59162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70046992,"text":"70046992 - 2013 - Raptor nesting near oil and gas development: an overview of key findings and implications for management based on four reports by HawkWatch International","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-30T14:58:08","indexId":"70046992","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-01T12:14:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":4,"text":"BLM Technical Note","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"432","title":"Raptor nesting near oil and gas development: an overview of key findings and implications for management based on four reports by HawkWatch International","docAbstract":"The project was undertaken because of a paucity of \ninformation about the possible effects of OG operations \nand resource management on nesting raptors. BLM \nraptor management has included stipulations that \nrestricted human activity near raptor nests during the \nraptor nesting season. The BLM and the Department of \nEnergy (DOE), which provided financial support for the \nstudy, seek information that will contribute to enhancing \nOG extraction operations while providing environmental \nprotection, including raptor conservation.
\nThis project used historical data from Utah and Wyoming. \nThe Price, Utah study area, as of 2006, contained more \nthan 1,100 wells, in a nearly uniform distribution at a \ndensity of one per quarter section (160-acre spacing). \nSome development occurred closer to existing nests \nbecause the nest sites had not been discovered or because \nthe land is administered by the State of Utah, without \nthese stipulations. The Rawlins, Wyoming study area \nincluded more than 4,200 OG wells in 2006. Compared to \nthe Price study area, wells at Rawlins were less regularly \ndistributed; reaching densities of one well per quarter \nsection (160-acre spacing) in some areas, but less dense \nelsewhere.
\nHWI compiled information from federal bureaus, \nstate agencies, and industry, and determined how to \nevaluate the effectiveness of spatial and temporal buffer \nrestrictions that have been applied within areas of OG \nextraction. HWI used the historical data to describe \npatterns of OG development relative to raptor nests, and \nto document changes in the distribution and breeding \nstatus of raptor nests relative to OG activities. HWI \nevaluated how these historical datasets were useful for \nquantifying the relationship between OG development \nand other human activities and nesting raptors. HWI \nassessed changes in Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo regalis) \nnesting success and productivity, and in use of artificial \nnest structures (ANSs), which had been erected to reduce \nthe use by raptors of OG structures as nest substrates. \nAlso, HWI studied Accipiter species’ use of pinyon–\njuniper vegetation communities in the Piceance Basin \nof Colorado, described basic vegetation and landscape \ncharacteristics of nests, and offered recommendations \nabout surveying for accipiter hawks in pinyon–juniper \nlandscapes. Please read the HWI reports for details.
","language":"English","publisher":"Bureau of Land Management","collaboration":"Prepared for: U.S. Department of Interior","usgsCitation":"Fuller, M.R., 2013, Raptor nesting near oil and gas development: an overview of key findings and implications for management based on four reports by HawkWatch International: BLM Technical Note 432, iii, 11 p.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p.","numberOfPages":"20","ipdsId":"IP-015718","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281831,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7800e4b0abf75cf2c708","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuller, Mark R. 0000-0001-7459-1729 mark_fuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7459-1729","contributorId":2296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Mark","email":"mark_fuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70065872,"text":"70065872 - 2013 - Long-range hazard assessment of volcanic ash dispersal for a Plinian eruptive scenario at Popocatépetl volcano (Mexico): implications for civil aviation safety","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T12:25:01","indexId":"70065872","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-01T11:53:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-range hazard assessment of volcanic ash dispersal for a Plinian eruptive scenario at Popocatépetl volcano (Mexico): implications for civil aviation safety","docAbstract":"Popocatépetl is one of Mexico’s most active volcanoes threatening a densely populated area that includes Mexico City with more than 20 million inhabitants. The destructive potential of this volcano is demonstrated by its Late Pleistocene–Holocene eruptive activity, which has been characterized by recurrent Plinian eruptions of large magnitude, the last two of which destroyed human settlements in pre-Hispanic times. Popocatépetl’s reawakening in 1994 produced a crisis that culminated with the evacuation of two villages on the northeastern flank of the volcano. Shortly after, a monitoring system and a civil protection contingency plan based on a hazard zone map were implemented. The current volcanic hazards map considers the potential occurrence of different volcanic phenomena, including pyroclastic density currents and lahars. However, no quantitative assessment of the tephra hazard, especially related to atmospheric dispersal, has been performed. The presence of airborne volcanic ash at low and jet-cruise atmospheric levels compromises the safety of aircraft operations and forces re-routing of aircraft to prevent encounters with volcanic ash clouds. Given the high number of important airports in the surroundings of Popocatépetl volcano and considering the potential threat posed to civil aviation in Mexico and adjacent regions in case of a Plinian eruption, a hazard assessment for tephra dispersal is required. In this work, we present the first probabilistic tephra dispersal hazard assessment for Popocatépetl volcano. We compute probabilistic hazard maps for critical thresholds of airborne ash concentrations at different flight levels, corresponding to the situation defined in Europe during 2010, and still under discussion. Tephra dispersal mode is performed using the FALL3D numerical model. Probabilistic hazard maps are built for a Plinian eruptive scenario defined on the basis of geological field data for the “Ochre Pumice” Plinian eruption (4965 14C yr BP). FALL3D model input eruptive parameters are constrained through an inversion method carried out with the semi-analytical HAZMAP model and are varied by sampling them using probability density functions. We analyze the influence of seasonal variations on ash dispersal and estimate the average persistence of critical ash concentrations at relevant locations and airports. This study assesses the impact that a Plinian eruption similar to the Ochre Pumice eruption would have on the main airports of Mexico and adjacent areas. The hazard maps presented here can support long-term planning that would help minimize the impacts of such an eruption on civil aviation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00445-013-0789-z","usgsCitation":"Bonasia, R., Scaini, C., Capra, L., Nathenson, M., Siebe, C., Arana-Salinas, L., and Folch, A., 2013, Long-range hazard assessment of volcanic ash dispersal for a Plinian eruptive scenario at Popocatépetl volcano (Mexico): implications for civil aviation safety: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 76, no. 789, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-013-0789-z.","productDescription":"16 p.","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052850","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280650,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Popocatépetl Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.0,15.0 ], [ -120.0,30.0 ], [ -80.0,30.0 ], [ -80.0,15.0 ], [ -120.0,15.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"76","issue":"789","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd64f7e4b0b290850ffc85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bonasia, Rosanna","contributorId":52481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonasia","given":"Rosanna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scaini, Chirara","contributorId":46867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scaini","given":"Chirara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Capra, Lucia","contributorId":77836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capra","given":"Lucia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nathenson, Manuel 0000-0002-5216-984X mnathnsn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5216-984X","contributorId":1358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nathenson","given":"Manuel","email":"mnathnsn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Siebe, Claus","contributorId":24121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siebe","given":"Claus","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Arana-Salinas, Lilia","contributorId":79793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arana-Salinas","given":"Lilia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Folch, Arnau","contributorId":76219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folch","given":"Arnau","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70168545,"text":"70168545 - 2013 - Insights into the latent multinomial model through mark-resight data on female grizzly bears with cubs-of-the-year","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-19T10:29:54","indexId":"70168545","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-01T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2151,"text":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Insights into the latent multinomial model through mark-resight data on female grizzly bears with cubs-of-the-year","docAbstract":"Mark-resight designs for estimation of population abundance are common and attractive to researchers. However, inference from such designs is very limited when faced with sparse data, either from a low number of marked animals, a low probability of detection, or both. In the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, yearly mark-resight data are collected for female grizzly bears with cubs-of-the-year (FCOY), and inference suffers from both limitations. To overcome difficulties due to sparseness, we assume homogeneity in sighting probabilities over 16 years of bi-annual aerial surveys. We model counts of marked and unmarked animals as multinomial random variables, using the capture frequencies of marked animals for inference about the latent multinomial frequencies for unmarked animals. We discuss undesirable behavior of the commonly used discrete uniform prior distribution on the population size parameter and provide OpenBUGS code for fitting such models. The application provides valuable insights into subtleties of implementing Bayesian inference for latent multinomial models. We tie the discussion to our application, though the insights are broadly useful for applications of the latent multinomial model.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Biometric Society","publisherLocation":"Alexandria, VA","doi":"10.1007/s13253-013-0148-8","usgsCitation":"Higgs, M., Link, W.A., White, G.C., Haroldson, M.A., and Bjornlie, D., 2013, Insights into the latent multinomial model through mark-resight data on female grizzly bears with cubs-of-the-year: Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, v. 18, no. 4, p. 556-577, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13253-013-0148-8.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"556","endPage":"577","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-036679","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318168,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c84acae4b0b3c9ae38107f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Higgs, Megan D.","contributorId":14718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgs","given":"Megan D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Link, William A. 0000-0002-9913-0256 wlink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":146920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"William","email":"wlink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":66831,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haroldson, Mark A. 0000-0002-7457-7676 mharoldson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7457-7676","contributorId":1773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haroldson","given":"Mark","email":"mharoldson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":620835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bjornlie, Daniel D.","contributorId":145512,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bjornlie","given":"Daniel D.","affiliations":[{"id":16140,"text":"Wyoming Game & Fish Department, Large Carnivore Section, Lander, Wyoming 82520, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70048137,"text":"70048137 - 2013 - Ca, Sr, O and D isotope approach to defining the chemical evolution of hydrothermal fluids: example from Long Valley, CA, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T14:26:33","indexId":"70048137","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-01T11:26:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ca, Sr, O and D isotope approach to defining the chemical evolution of hydrothermal fluids: example from Long Valley, CA, USA","docAbstract":"We present chemical and isotopic data for fluids, minerals and rocks from the Long Valley meteoric-hydrothermal system. The samples encompass the presumed hydrothermal upwelling zone in the west moat of the caldera, the Casa Diablo geothermal field, and a series of wells defining a nearly linear, ∼16 km long, west-to-east trend along the likely fluid flow path. Fluid samples were analyzed for the isotopes of water, Sr, and Ca, the concentrations of major cations and anions, alkalinity, and total CO2. Water isotope data conform to trends documented in earlier studies, interpreted as indicating a single hydrothermal fluid mixing with local groundwater. Sr isotopes show subtle changes along the flow path, which requires rapid fluid flow and minimal reaction between the channelized fluids and the wallrocks. Sr and O isotopes are used to calculate fracture spacing using a dual porosity model. Calculated fracture spacing and temperature data for hydrothermal fluids indicate the system is (approximately) at steady-state. Correlated variations among total CO2, and the concentration and isotopic composition of Ca suggest progressive fluid degassing (loss of CO2), which drives calcite precipitation as the fluid flows west-to-east and cools. The shifts in Ca isotopes require that calcite precipitated at temperatures of 150–180 °C is fractionated by ca. −0.3‰ to −0.5‰ relative to aqueous species. Our data are the first evidence that Ca isotopes undergo kinetic fractionation at high temperatures (>100 °C) and can be used to trace calcite precipitation along hydrothermal fluid flow paths.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2013.08.011","usgsCitation":"Brown, S.T., Kennedy, B.M., DePaolo, D., Hurwitz, S., and Evans, W.C., 2013, Ca, Sr, O and D isotope approach to defining the chemical evolution of hydrothermal fluids: example from Long Valley, CA, USA: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 122, p. 209-225, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.08.011.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"225","numberOfPages":"17","ipdsId":"IP-051352","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280992,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.34,37.4 ], [ -119.34,37.87 ], [ -118.63,37.87 ], [ -118.63,37.4 ], [ -119.34,37.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"122","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4ffde4b0b290850f30f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Shaun T.","contributorId":68647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Shaun","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, B. Mack","contributorId":82758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Mack","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DePaolo, Donald J.","contributorId":69472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DePaolo","given":"Donald J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hurwitz, Shaul 0000-0001-5142-6886 shaulh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5142-6886","contributorId":2169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"Shaul","email":"shaulh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Evans, William C. 0000-0001-5942-3102 wcevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-3102","contributorId":2353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"wcevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70048318,"text":"70048318 - 2013 - Sensitivity of fish density estimates to standard analytical procedures applied to Great Lakes hydroacoustic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-08T10:50:59","indexId":"70048318","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-01T10:47:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of fish density estimates to standard analytical procedures applied to Great Lakes hydroacoustic data","docAbstract":"Standardized methods of data collection and analysis ensure quality and facilitate comparisons among systems. We evaluated the importance of three recommendations from the Standard Operating Procedure for hydroacoustics in the Laurentian Great Lakes (GLSOP) on density estimates of target species: noise subtraction; setting volume backscattering strength (Sv) thresholds from user-defined minimum target strength (TS) of interest (TS-based Sv threshold); and calculations of an index for multiple targets (Nv index) to identify and remove biased TS values. Eliminating noise had the predictable effect of decreasing density estimates in most lakes. Using the TS-based Sv threshold decreased fish densities in the middle and lower layers in the deepest lakes with abundant invertebrates (e.g., Mysis diluviana). Correcting for biased in situ TS increased measured density up to 86% in the shallower lakes, which had the highest fish densities. The current recommendations by the GLSOP significantly influence acoustic density estimates, but the degree of importance is lake dependent. Applying GLSOP recommendations, whether in the Laurentian Great Lakes or elsewhere, will improve our ability to compare results among lakes. We recommend further development of standards, including minimum TS and analytical cell size, for reducing the effect of biased in situ TS on density estimates.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2013.09.002","usgsCitation":"Kocovsky, P., Rudstam, L.G., Yule, D., Warner, D.M., Schaner, T., Pientka, B., Deller, J.W., Waterfield, H.A., Witzel, L.D., and Sullivan, P., 2013, Sensitivity of fish density estimates to standard analytical procedures applied to Great Lakes hydroacoustic data: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 39, no. 4, p. 655-662, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2013.09.002.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"655","endPage":"662","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-051226","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280707,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280706,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2013.09.002"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.11,41.38 ], [ -92.11,48.85 ], [ -76.3,48.85 ], [ -76.3,41.38 ], [ -92.11,41.38 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"39","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd726de4b0b290851084d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kocovsky, Patrick M.","contributorId":89381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocovsky","given":"Patrick M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rudstam, Lars G.","contributorId":56609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rudstam","given":"Lars","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":484305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yule, Daniel L.","contributorId":92130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yule","given":"Daniel L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Warner, David M. 0000-0003-4939-5368 dmwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4939-5368","contributorId":2986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"David","email":"dmwarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schaner, Ted","contributorId":69939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaner","given":"Ted","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pientka, Bernie","contributorId":57760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pientka","given":"Bernie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Deller, John W.","contributorId":48862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deller","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Waterfield, Holly A.","contributorId":49698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waterfield","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Witzel, Larry D.","contributorId":68642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witzel","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sullivan, Patrick J.","contributorId":97813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Patrick J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70045121,"text":"70045121 - 2013 - Seismotectonic framework of the 2010 February 27 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile earthquake sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-13T11:55:16","indexId":"70045121","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-01T10:41:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismotectonic framework of the 2010 February 27 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile earthquake sequence","docAbstract":"After the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake, an international collaboration involving teams and instruments from Chile, the US, the UK, France and Germany established the International Maule Aftershock Deployment temporary network over the source region of the event to facilitate detailed, open-access studies of the aftershock sequence. Using data from the first 9-months of this deployment, we have analyzed the detailed spatial distribution of over 2500 well-recorded aftershocks. All earthquakes have been relocated using a hypocentral decomposition algorithm to study the details of and uncertainties in both their relative and absolute locations. We have computed regional moment tensor solutions for the largest of these events to produce a catalogue of 465 mechanisms, and have used all of these data to study the spatial distribution of the aftershock sequence with respect to the Chilean megathrust. We refine models of co-seismic slip distribution of the Maule earthquake, and show how small changes in fault geometries assumed in teleseismic finite fault modelling significantly improve fits to regional GPS data, implying that the accuracy of rapid teleseismic fault models can be substantially improved by consideration of existing fault geometry model databases. We interpret all of these data in an integrated seismotectonic framework for the Maule earthquake rupture and its aftershock sequence, and discuss the relationships between co-seismic rupture and aftershock distributions. While the majority of aftershocks are interplate thrust events located away from regions of maximum co-seismic slip, interesting clusters of aftershocks are identified in the lower plate at both ends of the main shock rupture, implying internal deformation of the slab in response to large slip on the plate boundary interface. We also perform Coulomb stress transfer calculations to compare aftershock locations and mechanisms to static stress changes following the Maule rupture. Without the incorporation of uncertainties in earthquake locations, just 55 per cent of aftershock nodal planes align with faults promoted towards failure by co-seismic slip. When epicentral uncertainties are considered (on the order of just ±2–3 km), 90 per cent of aftershocks are consistent with occurring along faults demonstrating positive stress transfer. These results imply large sensitivities of Coulomb stress transfer calculations to uncertainties in both earthquake locations and models of slip distributions, particularly when applied to aftershocks close to a heterogeneous fault rupture; such uncertainties should therefore be considered in similar studies used to argue for or against models of static stress triggering.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Royal Astronomical Society","doi":"10.1093/gji/ggt238","usgsCitation":"Hayes, G., Bergman, E., Johnson, K.J., Benz, H.M., Brown, L., and Meltzer, A.S., 2013, Seismotectonic framework of the 2010 February 27 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile earthquake sequence: Geophysical Journal International, v. 195, no. 2, p. 1034-1051, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggt238.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1034","endPage":"1051","numberOfPages":"18","ipdsId":"IP-042222","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280876,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280875,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggt238"}],"country":"Chile","city":"Maule","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.0,-40.0 ], [ -78.0,-30.0 ], [ -68.0,-30.0 ], [ -68.0,-40.0 ], [ -78.0,-40.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"195","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd722ee4b0b29085108220","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. 0000-0003-3323-0112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-0112","contributorId":6157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergman, Eric","contributorId":28160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergman","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Kendra J.","contributorId":13526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kendra","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Benz, Harley M. 0000-0002-6860-2134 benz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-2134","contributorId":794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"Harley","email":"benz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, Lucy","contributorId":26618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Lucy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meltzer, Anne S.","contributorId":56719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meltzer","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70045906,"text":"70045906 - 2013 - Differentiation of subspecies and sexes of Beringian Dunlins using morphometric measures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-14T13:29:49","indexId":"70045906","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-01T10:27:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differentiation of subspecies and sexes of Beringian Dunlins using morphometric measures","docAbstract":"Five subspecies of Dunlins (Calidris alpina) that breed in Beringia are potentially sympatric during the non-breeding season. Studying their ecology during this period requires techniques to distinguish individuals by subspecies. Our objectives were to determine (1) if five morphometric measures (body mass, culmen, head, tarsus, and wing chord) differed between sexes and among subspecies (C. a. actites, arcticola, kistchinski, pacifica, and sakhalina), and (2) if these differences were sufficient to allow for correct classification of individuals using equations derived from discriminant function analyses. We conducted analyses using morphometric data from 10 Dunlin populations breeding in northern Russia and Alaska, USA. Univariate tests revealed significant differences between sexes in most morphometric traits of all subspecies, and discriminant function equations predicted the sex of individuals with an accuracy of 83–100% for each subspecies. We provide equations to determine sex and subspecies of individuals in mixed subspecies groups, including the (1) Western Alaska group of arcticola and pacifica (known to stage together in western Alaska) and (2) East Asia group of arcticola, actites, kistchinski, and sakhalina (known to winter together in East Asia). Equations that predict the sex of individuals in mixed groups had classification accuracies between 75% and 87%, yielding reliable classification equations. We also provide equations that predict the subspecies of individuals with an accuracy of 22–96% for different mixed subspecies groups. When the sex of individuals can be predetermined, the accuracy of these equations is increased substantially. Investigators are cautioned to consider limitations due to age and feather wear when using these equations during the non-breeding season. These equations will allow determination of sexual and subspecies segregation in non-breeding areas, allowing implementation of taxonomic-specific conservation actions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jofo.12038","usgsCitation":"Gates, H., Yezerinac, S., Powell, A., Tomkovich, P.S., Valchuk, O.P., and Lanctot, R.B., 2013, Differentiation of subspecies and sexes of Beringian Dunlins using morphometric measures: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 84, no. 4, p. 389-402, https://doi.org/10.1111/jofo.12038.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"389","endPage":"402","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-042609","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281020,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jofo.12038"},{"id":281021,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia;United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 152.86,50.83 ], [ 152.86,71.39 ], [ -140.89,71.39 ], [ -140.89,50.83 ], [ 152.86,50.83 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"84","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd54e5e4b0b290850f603d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gates, H. River","contributorId":84256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gates","given":"H. 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A fundamental assumption embedded in the use of such correlations is that they remain relatively consistent over time. However, this assumption of stationarity has been rarely tested – even for forest birds, which are frequently considered to be 'indicator species' in management operations. We investigated the temporal dynamics of bird-vegetation relationships in young Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forests over more than a decade following initial anthropogenic disturbance (commercial thinning). We modeled bird occurrence or abundance as a function of vegetation characteristics for eight common bird species for each of six breeding seasons following forest thinning. Generally, vegetation relationships were highly inconsistent in magnitude across years, but remained positive or negative within species. For 3 species, relationships that were initially strong dampened over time. For other species, strength of vegetation association was apparently stochastic. These findings indicate that caution should be used when interpreting weak bird-vegetation relationships found in short-term studies and parameterizing predictive models with data collected over the short term.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2013.06.052","usgsCitation":"Yegorova, S., Betts, M.G., Hagar, J., and Puettmann, K.J., 2013, Bird-vegetation associations in thinned and unthinned young Douglas-fir forests 10 years after thinning: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 310, p. 1057-1070, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.06.052.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1057","endPage":"1070","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-046302","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282061,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.06.052"},{"id":282105,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Oregon Cascade Mountains;Williamette National Forest","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.7449,43.356 ], [ -122.7449,44.9014 ], [ -121.768,44.9014 ], [ -121.768,43.356 ], [ -122.7449,43.356 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"310","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4f90e4b0b290850f2c94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yegorova, Svetlana","contributorId":11505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yegorova","given":"Svetlana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betts, Matthew G.","contributorId":27748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betts","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hagar, Joan 0000-0002-3044-6607 joan_hagar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-6607","contributorId":3369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagar","given":"Joan","email":"joan_hagar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Puettmann, Klaus J.","contributorId":36828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puettmann","given":"Klaus","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70118525,"text":"70118525 - 2013 - AMAP Assessment 2013: Arctic Ocean acidification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-02T10:14:22","indexId":"70118525","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-01T09:56:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"AMAP Assessment 2013: Arctic Ocean acidification","docAbstract":"This assessment report presents the results of the 2013 AMAP \nAssessment of Arctic Ocean Acidification (AOA). This is the \nfirst such assessment dealing with AOA from an Arctic-wide \nperspective, and complements several assessments that AMAP \nhas delivered over the past ten years concerning the effects of \nclimate change on Arctic ecosystems and people.
\nThe Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) is \na group working under the Arctic Council. The Arctic Council \nMinisters have requested AMAP to:\n
\n
\n
- produce integrated assessment reports on the status and \ntrends of the conditions of the Arctic ecosystems;
\n- identify possible causes for the changing conditions;
\n- detect emerging problems, their possible causes, and the \npotential risk to Arctic ecosystems including indigenous \npeoples and other Arctic residents; and to
\n- recommend actions required to reduce risks to \nArctic ecosystems.
\nThis report provides the accessible scientific basis and validation \nfor the statements and recommendations made in the Arctic \nOcean Acidification Assessment Summary for Policy-makers\nthat was delivered to Arctic Council Ministers at their meeting \nin Kiruna, Sweden in May 2011 and the related AMAP State \nof the Arctic Environment report Arctic Ocean Acidification \n2013: An Overview\n. It includes extensive background data and \nreferences to the scientific literature, and details the sources \nfor figures reproduced in the overview report. Whereas the \nSummary for Policy-makers report contains recommendations \nthat focus mainly on policy-relevant actions concerned with \naddressing the consequences of AOA, the conclusions and \nrecommendations presented in this report also cover issues \nof a more scientific nature, such as proposals for filling gaps \nin knowledge, and recommendations relevant to future \nmonitoring and research work.
\nThe AOA assessment was conducted between 2010 and 2013 by \nan international group of over 60 experts. Lead authors were \nselected based on an open nomination process coordinated \nby AMAP. A similar process was used to select international \nexperts who independently reviewed this report.
\nInformation contained in this report is fully references and based on first and foremost peer-reviewed and published results of research and monitoring undertaken since 2006. It also incorporates some new (unpublished) information from monitoring and research conducted according to well-established and documented national and international standards of quality assurance/quality control protocols. Care has been taken to ensure that no critical probability statements are based on non-peer-reviewed materials.
\nAccess to reliable and up-to-date information is essential for \nthe development of science-based decision-making regarding \nongoing changes in the Arctic and their global implications. The \nAOA assessment summary reports and films have therefore \nbeen developed specifically for policy-makers, summarizing the \nmain findings of the AOA assessment. The AOA lead authors \nhave confirmed that both this report and its derivative products \naccurately and fully reflect their scientific assessment. The \nAOA reports and the films are freely available from the AMAP \nSecretariat and on the AMAP website: www.amap.no, and their \nuse for educational purposes is encouraged.
\nAMAP would like to express its appreciation to all experts who \nhave contributed their time, efforts and data, in particular the \nlead authors who coordinated the production of this report. \nThanks are also due to the reviewers who contributed to the \nAOA peer-review process and provided valuable comments \nthat helped to ensure the quality of the report. A list of the \nmain contributors is included at the start of each chapter. The \nlist is not comprehensive. Specifically, it does not include the \nmany national institutes, laboratories and organizations, and \ntheir staff, which have been involved in various countries in \nAOA-related monitoring and research. Apologies, and no lesser \nthanks are given to any individuals unintentionally omitted \nfrom the list.
\nThe support from the Arctic countries and non-Arctic countries implementing research and monitoring in the Arctic is vital to the success of AMAP. The AMAP work is essentially based on ongoing activities within these countries, and the countries that provide the necessary support for most the experts involved in the preparation of the AMAP assessments. In particular, AMAP would like to acknowledge Norway for taking the lead-country role in this assessment and thank Canada, Norway, Sweden, USA and the Nordic Council of Ministers for their financial support to the AOA work.
\nThe AMAP Working Group is pleased to present its assessment \nto the Arctic Council and the international science community.
\nRichard Bellerby (AOA assessment Chair)
\nRussel Shearer (AMAP Chair)
\nLars-Otto Reiersen (AMAP Executive Secretary)
\nOslo, May 2013
","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme","publisherLocation":"Oslo, Norway","isbn":"978-82-7971-082-0","usgsCitation":"Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme, 2013, AMAP Assessment 2013: Arctic Ocean acidification, vii, 99 p.","productDescription":"vii, 99 p.","numberOfPages":"111","ipdsId":"IP-043713","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294774,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291238,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.amap.no/documents/doc/AMAP-Assessment-2013-Arctic-Ocean-Acidification/881"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542e691ee4b092f17df5a703"} ,{"id":70132437,"text":"70132437 - 2013 - Roles of patch characteristics, drought frequency, and restoration in long-term trends of a widespread amphibian","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-23T14:42:11.34899","indexId":"70132437","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-01T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Roles of patch characteristics, drought frequency, and restoration in long-term trends of a widespread amphibian","docAbstract":"Despite the high profile of amphibian declines and the increasing threat of drought and fragmentation to aquatic ecosystems, few studies have examined long-term rates of change for a single species across a large geographic area. We analyzed growth in annual egg-mass counts of the Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) across the northwestern United States, an area encompassing 3 genetic clades. On the basis of data collected by multiple partners from 98 water bodies between 1991 and 2011, we used state-space and linear-regression models to measure effects of patch characteristics, frequency of summer drought, and wetland restoration on population growth. Abundance increased in the 2 clades with greatest decline history, but declined where populations are considered most secure. Population growth was negatively associated with temporary hydroperiods and landscape modification (measured by the human footprint index), but was similar in modified and natural water bodies. The effect of drought was mediated by the size of the water body: populations in large water bodies maintained positive growth despite drought, whereas drought magnified declines in small water bodies. Rapid growth in restored wetlands in areas of historical population declines provided strong evidence of successful management. Our results highlight the importance of maintaining large areas of habitat and underscore the greater vulnerability of small areas of habitat to environmental stochasticity. Similar long-term growth rates in modified and natural water bodies and rapid, positive responses to restoration suggest pond construction and other forms of management can effectively increase population growth. These tools are likely to become increasingly important to mitigate effects of increased drought expected from global climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Conservation Biology","doi":"10.1111/cobi.12119","usgsCitation":"Hossack, B.R., Adams, M.J., Pearl, C.A., Wilson, K.W., Bull, E.L., Lohr, K., Patla, D., Pilliod, D., Jones, J., Wheeler, K., McKay, S., and Corn, P.S., 2013, Roles of patch characteristics, drought frequency, and restoration in long-term trends of a widespread amphibian: Conservation Biology, v. 27, no. 6, p. 1410-1420, https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12119.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1410","endPage":"1420","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042996","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381612,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5465d639e4b04d4b7dbd6674","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hossack, Blake R. 0000-0001-7456-9564 blake_hossack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":1177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake","email":"blake_hossack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, M. 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