{"pageNumber":"5593","pageRowStart":"139800","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165626,"records":[{"id":1635,"text":"wsp2117 - 1973 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 6, Missouri River basin, v. 2, Missouri River basin from Williston, North Dakota to Sioux City, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:14","indexId":"wsp2117","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2117","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 6, Missouri River basin, v. 2, Missouri River basin from Williston, North Dakota to Sioux City, Iowa","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"USGS,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2117","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1973, Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 6, Missouri River basin, v. 2, Missouri River basin from Williston, North Dakota to Sioux City, Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2117, 612 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2117.","productDescription":"612 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137221,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2117/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26702,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2117/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af3e4b07f02db691bdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1374,"text":"wsp2018 - 1973 - Ground water in the Eugene-Springfield area, southern Willamette Valley, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T22:20:04.25945","indexId":"wsp2018","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018","title":"Ground water in the Eugene-Springfield area, southern Willamette Valley, Oregon","docAbstract":"The cities of Eugene and Springfield and their outlying suburban and rural districts constitute an area of rapid population growth where progressively greater volumes of ground water are being required for irrigation and industrial and public supplies. The area is also one of diverse geologic and hydrologic conditions. \r\n\r\nAs used in this report, the Eugene-Springfield area covers about 450 square miles and includes a part of the lower foothills of the Coast and Cascade Ranges and a strip of the main valley plain of the southern Willamette Valley. Volcanic and sedimentary rock units exposed in the foothills range in age from Eocene to Miocene. In the main valley plain the older units are overlain by Pleistocene and Holocene alluvial deposits. Marine-deposited sandstone, siltstone, shale, and mudstone of the older sedimentary units are fine grained and poorly permeable and yield water slowly to wells. The volcanic rocks, primarily of dacitic and andesitic composition, yield small quantities of water that are generally adequate only for domestic use. The alluvial deposits (sand and gravel) of the valley plain (central lowland) contain the most productive aquifers in the area and are considered to be the only ground-water reservoir for which large-scale development of ground-water supplies is feasible. \r\n\r\nAquifers in the area are recharged principally by direct infiltration of precipitation. Most of the precipitation, which averages about 4C inches per year, occurs during late autumn and winter. Minimum recharge by infiltration of precipitation to the alluvial aquifers beneath the valley plain is estimated to be about 100,000 acre-feet. Ground water is discharged naturally from the central lowland by seepage and spring flow to small streams, by subsurface outflow to adjacent areas, and by evapotranspiration. \r\n\r\nStorage capacity of the central lowland in the Eugene-Springfield area is estimated to be about 2.1 million acre-feet in the zone 10-150 feet below land surface. The quantity of ground water available annually from this area is far greater than the 23,000 acre-feet pumped for all uses in 1968. This pumpage was about 23 percent of the perennial yield (100,000 acre-ft), and about 77,000 acre-feet of water was left available for additional withdrawal. If annual withdrawals of water were increased to 100,000 acre-feet per year, the levels in the ground-water reservoir would be lowered. Once new equilibriums are established, increased withdrawals could be accommodated without progressive losses in aquifer storage or excessive losses in flow of the larger streams. \r\n\r\nGround water from the alluvial deposits of the valley plain is chemically suitable for irrigation and other uses, as is most of the water obtained from perched-water bodies in the sedimentary and volcanic rocks. However, the mineral content of water from the older sedimentary rocks, particularly from deeper producing zones, is greater than the mineral content of water from the alluvial deposits. Locally, some of the water from the older rocks is too saline for most uses. \r\n\r\nIncreased use of ground water may result in certain problems pertaining to waste-disposal practices, local overdraft of aquifers, well interference, and well construction. Present data are adequate to evaluate some of the factors relating to foreseeable problems but allow only tentative conclusions to be drawn about other factors, which include local direction of flow, rate of ground-water movement, and areas of possible ground-water contamination. Additional information obtained through systematic study will be needed to deal with these problems.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2018","usgsCitation":"Frank, F.J., 1973, Ground water in the Eugene-Springfield area, southern Willamette Valley, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2018, Report: v, 65 p.; 3 Plates: 28.00 x 40.64 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2018.","productDescription":"Report: v, 65 p.; 3 Plates: 28.00 x 40.64 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":26471,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2018/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26470,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2018/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26472,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2018/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137291,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2018/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":413983,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25502.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":26469,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2018/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Eugene-Springfield area, southern Willamette Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.384,\n              44.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.384,\n              44\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.871,\n              44\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.871,\n              44.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.384,\n              44.25\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d9ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frank, F. J.","contributorId":95037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1425,"text":"wsp1989 - 1973 - Water resources of the Little River basin, Louisiana","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":55998,"text":"ofr70134 - 1970 - Water resources of the Little River basin, north-central Louisiana","indexId":"ofr70134","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Water resources of the Little River basin, north-central Louisiana"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1425,"text":"wsp1989 - 1973 - Water resources of the Little River basin, Louisiana","indexId":"wsp1989","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"title":"Water resources of the Little River basin, Louisiana"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:17","indexId":"wsp1989","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1989","title":"Water resources of the Little River basin, Louisiana","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1989","usgsCitation":"Gaydos, M., Rogers, J.E., and Smith, R., 1973, Water resources of the Little River basin, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1989, iv, 74 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1989.","productDescription":"iv, 74 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1989/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26525,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1989/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26526,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1989/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26527,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1989/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26528,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1989/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26529,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1989/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d5e4b07f02db54902a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaydos, M.W.","contributorId":35714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaydos","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, James E.","contributorId":14380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, R.P.","contributorId":105283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1119,"text":"wsp2034 - 1973 - Cost analysis of ground-water supplies in the North Atlantic region, 1970","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:17","indexId":"wsp2034","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2034","title":"Cost analysis of ground-water supplies in the North Atlantic region, 1970","docAbstract":"The cost of municipal and industrial ground water (or, more specifically, large supplies of ground water) at the wellhead in the North Atlantic Region in 1970 generally ranged from 1.5 to 5 cents per thousand gallons. Water from crystalline rocks and shale is relatively expensive. Water from sandstone is less so. Costs of water from sands and gravels in glaciated areas and from Coastal Plain sediments range from moderate to very low. In carbonate rocks costs range from low to fairly high. \r\n\r\nThe cost of ground water at the wellhead is low in areas of productive aquifers, but owing to the cost of connecting pipe, costs increase significantly in multiple-well fields. In the North Atlantic Region, development of small to moderate supplies of ground water may offer favorable cost alternatives to planners, but large supplies of ground water for delivery to one point cannot generally be developed inexpensively. Well fields in the less productive aquifers may be limited by costs to 1 or 2 million gallons a day, but in the more favorable aquifers development of several tens of millions of gallons a day may be practicable and inexpensive. \r\n\r\nCost evaluations presented cannot be applied to any one specific well or specific site because yields of wells in any one place will depend on the local geologic and hydrologic conditions; however, with such cost adjustments as may be necessary, the methodology presented should have wide applicability. Data given show the cost of water at the wellhead based on the average yield of several wells. The cost of water delivered by a well field includes costs of connecting pipe and of wells that have the yields and spacings specified. Cost of transport of water from the well field to point of consumption and possible cost of treatment are not evaluated. \r\n\r\nIn the methodology employed, costs of drilling and testing, pumping equipment, engineering for the well field, amortization at 5% percent interest, maintenance, and cost of power are considered. \r\n\r\nThe report includes an analysis of test drilling costs leading to a production well field. The discussion shows that test drilling is a relatively low cost item and that more than a minimum of test holes in a previously unexplored area is, above all, simple insurance in keeping down costs and may easily result in final lower costs for the system. \r\n\r\nUse of the jet drill for testing is considered short sighted and may result in higher total costs and possibly failure to discover good aquifers. \r\n\r\nEconomic development of ground water supplies will depend on obtaining qualified hydrologic and engineering advice, on carrying out adequate test drilling, and on utilizing high-quality (at times, more costly) material.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2034","usgsCitation":"Cederstrom, D.J., 1973, Cost analysis of ground-water supplies in the North Atlantic region, 1970: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2034, iv, 48 p. :illus. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2034.","productDescription":"iv, 48 p. :illus. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2034/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25882,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2034/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683415","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cederstrom, Dagfin John","contributorId":90287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cederstrom","given":"Dagfin","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2521,"text":"wsp1865 - 1973 - Water resources and geology of Mount Rushmore National Memorial, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-15T12:37:31","indexId":"wsp1865","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1865","title":"Water resources and geology of Mount Rushmore National Memorial, South Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>Ground water suitable for public supply can be obtained from fractured metamorphic and igneous rooks at Mount Rushmore National Memorial, S. Dak.</p>\n<p>The memorial comprises three main drainage basins: Starling basin, Lafferty Gulch basin, and East Boundary basin. Ground water is most prevalent in Lafferty Gulch basin but Starling basin contributes the most surface water.</p>\n<p>The total water supply was obtained from springs until 1967 when increasing numbers of visitors required development of additional sources. As a result of this investigation, wells 3 and 4 were drilled in Lafferty Gulch basin and East Boundary basin. Well 3 is 200 feet deep in mica schist and granite. It produced 7.3 million gallons of water in 1968 and 7.7 million gallons of water in 1969, the total supply for the memorial. Well 4 is 500 feet deep, also in mica schist and granite. It is not used at the present time (1970) but will be used in the future when more water is needed. Water from both wells is potable, but the quality of water from well 3 is superior to that from well 4.</p>\n<p>Mica schist is the most abundant rock in the memorial. The more prominent hills and mountains, however, are in large, northerly striking granite sills, some of which are several hundred feet thick. Pegmatite sills and dikes are also numerous. The western boundary of the memorial is at the east edge of the Harney Peak Granite batholith. The dip of schistosity and bedding in schist adjacent to the batholith is about 30 ? E. but increases across the memorial to about 65 ? E. in the northeast corner.</p>\n<p>At some locations in the memorial, granite or pegmatite sills act as ground-water dams preventing the movement of ground water down gradient. A pegmatite or granite sill is probably the cause of the accumulation of water in the vicinity of well 3. The well flows when it is not being pumped.</p>\n<p>The occurrence of ground water is dependent upon the presence of joints and fractures in the schist and granite bedrock. The rocks themselves are relatively impermeable and would yield little or no water in their unaltered state.</p>\n<p>Mica schist that has been intruded by granite and (or) pegmatite is more fractured and yields more ground water in the memorial than mica schist alone. This condition may be due to jointing and to the greater fracturability of the intruded rocks in the vicinity of granitic intrusions.</p>\n<p>Ground water is also available from alluvium in major valleys such as Starling basin and the valleys of Grizzly Bear Creek and Battle Creek.</p>\n<p>Evapotranspiration is the greatest use-item in the water budget. An approximation of evapotranspiration based upon an average annual precipitation of 19 inches is 1,600 acre-feet, or 80 percent of the annual precipitation.</p>\n<p>Several locations in the memorial have potential as future, sources of ground-water supplies. The most promising areas are near spring 6 in the southeast corner and alluvium in the valleys of Battle and Grizzly Bear Creeks.</p>\n<p>Developed and potential water resources in the memorial probably are sufficient to meet demands beyond the year 2000.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1865","usgsCitation":"Powell, J., Norton, J.J., and Adolphson, D.G., 1973, Water resources and geology of Mount Rushmore National Memorial, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1865, Report: vi, 49 p.; Plate: 34.00 x 22.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1865.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 49 p.; Plate: 34.00 x 22.00 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":28723,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1865/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138810,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1865/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28724,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1865/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Mount Rushmore National Memorial","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -103.46400260925293,\n              43.873705074113886\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.46400260925293,\n              43.88391319597796\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.45061302185059,\n              43.88391319597796\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.45061302185059,\n              43.873705074113886\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.46400260925293,\n              43.873705074113886\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687e04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, J.E.","contributorId":27030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norton, James Jennings","contributorId":59412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norton","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"Jennings","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adolphson, D. G.","contributorId":106081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adolphson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1020,"text":"wsp2028 - 1973 - A national study of the streamflow data-collection program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:16","indexId":"wsp2028","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2028","title":"A national study of the streamflow data-collection program","docAbstract":"The streamflow data program of the U.S. Geological Survey was evaluated in a nationwide study during 1970. The principal elements of the study were (1) establishing the objectives and goals of the program, (2) analyzing all available data to determine which of the goals have already been met, (3) considering alternate means of meeting the remaining goals, and (4) identifying the elements which should be included in the future program. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2028","usgsCitation":"Benson, M.A., and Carter, R.W., 1973, A national study of the streamflow data-collection program: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2028, iv, 44 p. :illus. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2028.","productDescription":"iv, 44 p. :illus. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":94697,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2028/report.pdf","size":"4057","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137920,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2028/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6ac21c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, Manuel A.","contributorId":41405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"Manuel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, Rolland William","contributorId":107257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Rolland","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1750,"text":"wsp1940 - 1973 - Effects of coal mining on the water resources of the Tradewater River Basin, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:15","indexId":"wsp1940","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1940","title":"Effects of coal mining on the water resources of the Tradewater River Basin, Kentucky","docAbstract":"The effects of coal-mine drainage on the water resources of the Tradewater River basin, in the Western Coal Field region of Kentucky, were evaluated (1) by synthesis and interpretation of 16 years of daily conductance data. 465 chemical analyses covering an 18-year period, 28 years of daily discharge data, and 14 years of daily suspended-sediment data from the Tradewater River at Olney and (2) by collection, synthesis, and interpretation of chemical and physical water-quality data and water-quantity data collected over a 2-year period from mined and nonmined sites in the basin. \r\n\r\nMaximum observed values of 13 chemical and physical water-quality parameters were three to 300 times greater in the discharge from mined subbasins than in the discharge from nonmined subbasins. Potassium, chloride, and nitrate concentrations were not significantly different between mined and nonmined areas. \r\n\r\nMean sulfate loads carried by the Tradewater River at Olney were about 75 percent greater for the period 1955-67 than for the period 1952-54. Suspended-sediment loads at Olney for the November-April storm-runoff periods generally vary in response to strip-mine coal production in the basin above Olney. Streamflow is maintained during extended dry periods in mined subbasins after streams in nonmined subbasins have ceased flowing. \r\n\r\nSome possible methods of reducing the effects of mine drainage on the streams are considered in view of a geochemical model proposed by Ivan Barnes and F. E. Clarke. Use of low-flow-augmenting reservoirs and crushed limestone in streambeds in nonmined areas seems to be the most promising method for alleviating effects of mine drainage at the present time. Other aspects of the water resources such as variability of water quantity and water quality in the basin are discussed briefly.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1940","usgsCitation":"Grubb, H.F., and Ryder, P.D., 1973, Effects of coal mining on the water resources of the Tradewater River Basin, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1940, v, 83 p. :illus. (2 fold. maps in pocket) ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1940.","productDescription":"v, 83 p. :illus. (2 fold. maps in pocket) ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110055,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25168.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25168"},{"id":137122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1940/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26855,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1940/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26856,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1940/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26857,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1940/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c19b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grubb, Hayes F.","contributorId":91079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grubb","given":"Hayes","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryder, Paul D.","contributorId":60188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":743,"text":"wsp2115 - 1973 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 5, Hudson Bay and Upper Mississippi River basins, v. 3, Upper Mississippi River basin below Keokuk, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:09","indexId":"wsp2115","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2115","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 5, Hudson Bay and Upper Mississippi River basins, v. 3, Upper Mississippi River basin below Keokuk, Iowa","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U. S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2115","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1973, Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 5, Hudson Bay and Upper Mississippi River basins, v. 3, Upper Mississippi River basin below Keokuk, Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2115, viii, 607 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2115.","productDescription":"viii, 607 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136356,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2115/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25312,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2115/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691cdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":744,"text":"wsp2125 - 1973 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 9, Colorado River basin, v. 2, Colorado River basin from Green River to Compact Point","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:09","indexId":"wsp2125","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2125","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 9, Colorado River basin, v. 2, Colorado River basin from Green River to Compact Point","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S.G.P.O. :\r\nFor sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S.G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2125","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1973, Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 9, Colorado River basin, v. 2, Colorado River basin from Green River to Compact Point: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2125, viii, 634 p. :map ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2125.","productDescription":"viii, 634 p. :map ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2125/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25313,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2125/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af3e4b07f02db691bcc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2177,"text":"wsp1998 - 1973 - Water resources of Hempstead, Lafayette, Little River, Miller, and Nevada Counties, Arkansas","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":56057,"text":"ofr70312 - 1970 - Well records, depth-to-water measurements, chemical analyses of ground water, drillers' logs, and electric-log information in Hempstead, Lafayette, Little River, Miller, and Nevada Counties, Arkansas","indexId":"ofr70312","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Well records, depth-to-water measurements, chemical analyses of ground water, drillers' logs, and electric-log information in Hempstead, Lafayette, Little River, Miller, and Nevada Counties, Arkansas"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2177,"text":"wsp1998 - 1973 - Water resources of Hempstead, Lafayette, Little River, Miller, and Nevada Counties, Arkansas","indexId":"wsp1998","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"title":"Water resources of Hempstead, Lafayette, Little River, Miller, and Nevada Counties, Arkansas"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:24","indexId":"wsp1998","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1998","title":"Water resources of Hempstead, Lafayette, Little River, Miller, and Nevada Counties, Arkansas","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1998","usgsCitation":"Ludwig, A., 1973, Water resources of Hempstead, Lafayette, Little River, Miller, and Nevada Counties, Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1998, iv, 41 p. :ill., maps (some folded, col., in pocket) ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1998.","productDescription":"iv, 41 p. :ill., maps (some folded, col., in pocket) ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110057,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25513.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25513"},{"id":138200,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1998/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27797,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1998/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f07d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ludwig, A.M.","contributorId":38535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwig","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2193,"text":"wsp2009C - 1973 - Chemical quality of surface water in the Flaming Gorge Reservoir area, Wyoming and Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-04T11:04:36","indexId":"wsp2009C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009","chapter":"C","title":"Chemical quality of surface water in the Flaming Gorge Reservoir area, Wyoming and Utah","docAbstract":"<p>Construction of Flaming Gorge Dam on the Green River by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation started in 1959, and storage began in November 1962. A reconnaissance study was made during the period 1966-68 to determine the effects of the reservoir on the chemical quality of the effluent water and to describe the quality of the impounded water and inflowing water.</p><p>The major inflow to the reservoir is from the Green River, which contributes an average of 81 percent of the water and 59 percent of the inflow load of dissolved solids. Together, Blacks Fork and Henrys Fork contribute an average of about 16 percent of the water and about 23 percent of the dissolved-solids load, whereas minor tributaries contribute approximately 3 percent of the total inflow water to the reservoir, but about 18 percent of the total incoming load of dissolved solids.</p><p>The concentration of dissolved solids in the reservoir in October 1966 was about 150 mg/l (milligrams per liter) greater than the concentration of the 1962-66 inflow and in September 1968 about 95 mg/l greater than the concentration of the 1962-68 inflow. The increased concentration is due. mostly to leaching of minerals from the reservoir bottom. For the 1963-68 water years, about 1.2 million tons of dissolved solids was leached from inundated areas. The major observable difference between the chemical composition of the inflow during 1963-66 and that of the reservoir in 1966 is an increase in the percentage of sulfate and a decrease in the percentage of bicarbonate. Impoundment of water in Flaming Gorge Reservoir during the 1963-68 water years caused the concentration of dissolved solids in the river system to increase by 130 mg/l, or about 32 percent over what would have occurred without the reservoir. Evaporation accounted for an increase of 15 mg/l, and leaching accounted for an increase of 115 mg/l.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Goverment Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2009C","usgsCitation":"Madison, R.J., and Waddell, K.M., 1973, Chemical quality of surface water in the Flaming Gorge Reservoir area, Wyoming and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2009, Report: iv, 18 p.; Plate: 22.00 in. x 20.00 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2009C.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 18 p.; Plate: 22.00 in. x 20.00 in.","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":138276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2009c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27834,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2009c/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27835,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2009c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Flaming Gorge Reservoir","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47b3e4b07f02db49ee49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madison, R. J.","contributorId":84734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madison","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waddell, Kidd M.","contributorId":20720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddell","given":"Kidd","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2005,"text":"wsp2024 - 1973 - Water resources of the Big Sioux River Valley near Sioux Falls, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-15T12:37:57","indexId":"wsp2024","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2024","title":"Water resources of the Big Sioux River Valley near Sioux Falls, South Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>The major sources of water in the Big Sioux River valley between Sioux Falls and Dell Rapids, S.Dak., are the Big Sioux River and the glacial outwash aquifer beneath the flood plain. The river and the aquifer are hydraulically connected.</p>\n<p>The Big Sioux River has an average annual discharge of 246 cubic feet per second, on the average exceeds bankfull stage every 2.3 years, and has moderate basin storage.. Periods of low flow are common in the late summer, fall, and winter. A low flow of 0.1 cubic foot per second has been recorded.</p>\n<p>The outwash aquifer is composed of permeable sand, sand and gravel, and some boulders. The aquifer underlies an area of 33 square miles and commonly has a saturated thickness of less than 30 feet.</p>\n<p>Aquifer tests and measurements of streamflow indicate a rate of streambed infiltration of about 6 gallons per day per square foot. Analyses of streambed samples and interpretations of lithology from an electric log indicate that the streambed sediments in the diversion channel of the Big Sioux River consist largely of relatively impermeable silts and clays.</p>\n<p>Under normal climatic conditions, most of the water pumped by the city of Sioux Falls is water that entered the aquifer by streambed infiltration.</p>\n<p>To evaluate the importance of the aquifer in the hydrologic system, both an electrical analog model and a digital model were programmed for storage depletion alone. These models were used to determine the water-level declines in the aquifer that would result from 1 year of withdrawal at a rate of 9-10 million gallons per day. Both models indicated that the existing well field can yield water at that rate for more than 1 year.</p>\n<p>The analog model was also used to determine the maximum average daily yield of the aquifer-river system for a 2-year period modeled for the minimum recorded stream discharge and for streambed infiltration as the only recharge. The maximum average yield under these conditions would be less than 24 million gallons per day. Most of the water pumped during this period would be from aquifer storage.</p>\n<p>Water from the river is generally less mineralized, softer, and easier to treat than ground water. Water pumped from wells near the river is similar in quality to the river water, but does not have the objectionable odors or tastes often present in water from the river.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2024","usgsCitation":"Jorgensen, D.G., and Ackroyd, E.A., 1973, Water resources of the Big Sioux River Valley near Sioux Falls, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2024, Report: vii, 50 p.; Plate:  44.26 x 25.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2024.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 50 p.; Plate:  44.26 x 25.00 inches","numberOfPages":"59","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":27449,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2024/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27450,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2024/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138387,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2024/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","city":"Sioux Falls","otherGeospatial":"Big Sioux River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.94335937499999,\n              43.50075243569041\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.94335937499999,\n              43.97898113341921\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.5643310546875,\n              43.97898113341921\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.5643310546875,\n              43.50075243569041\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.94335937499999,\n              43.50075243569041\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f0621","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jorgensen, Donald G.","contributorId":19537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgensen","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ackroyd, Earl A.","contributorId":59425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackroyd","given":"Earl","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2858,"text":"wsp1969 - 1973 - Water-supply development and management alternatives for Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham Counties, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-06T11:55:59","indexId":"wsp1969","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1969","title":"Water-supply development and management alternatives for Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham Counties, Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>The Tri-County region, consisting of Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham Counties, is an area of 1,697 square miles in Michigan's Lower Peninsula and has as its hub the Lansing metropolitan area. The land surface ranges in altitude from about 700 to about 1,000 feet. The region receives an average of about 31 inches of precipitation each year. </p><p>The population is nearing 400,000 and by 1990 will be near 600,000. Average daily water use is slightly more than 30 million gallons today; by 1980 it will be about 50 million gallons, and by 1990 it will probably be about 70 million gallons. </p><p>The Tri-County region is drained by seven river systems. The median annual 7 -day mean low flows of the principal streams in these systems were measured at the point farthest downstream within the region. These values, in cubic feet per second, are as follows: Grand River, 180; Maple River, 34; Looking Glass River, 28; Red Cedar River, 30; Portage Creek, 15; Battle Creek, 20; and Thornapple River, 24-a total of 331 cubic feet per second or about 220 million gallons per day. The areal variance in 7-day low-flow runoff ranges from 0 to 0.15 cubic foot per second per square mile. </p><p>The principal source of ground water in the Tri-County region is a complex aquifer system composed of the Saginaw and Grand River Formations and some of the overlying glacial sediments. This aquifer yields between 300 and 700 gallons per minute to individual wells in much of the western half of Ingham County, in the eastern half of Clinton County, in a small area in southeastern Clinton County, and in northeastern Eaton County. In some parts of the region, the glacial sediments are favorable for development of moderate to large supplies of water. Minor aquifers in the region are the Bayport, Michigan, and Marshall Formations. </p><p>Providing water supplies in the future requires complete and comprehensive water-management programs. Such management programs involve determining which of several alternative water-development systems is the best. Some of the chief factors and methods that must be considered when planning these systems are combined use of ground and surface water, artificial recharge, treatment of wastes, use of storage reservoirs, and importation of water from the Great Lakes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1969","usgsCitation":"Vanlier, K.E., Wood, W., and Brunett, J.O., 1973, Water-supply development and management alternatives for Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham Counties, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1969, Document: vii, 111 p.; 3 Plates: 35.70 x 31.97 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1969.","productDescription":"Document: vii, 111 p.; 3 Plates: 35.70 x 31.97 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":139081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1969/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":247253,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1969/plate-1.pdf","size":"5337","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247254,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1969/plate-2.pdf","size":"10148","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247255,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1969/plate-3.pdf","size":"13282","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29452,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1969/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Clinton County, Eaton County, Ingham County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-84.3681,43.1172],[-84.3675,42.9561],[-84.3679,42.9439],[-84.3666,42.861],[-84.3668,42.8561],[-84.3649,42.7746],[-84.1593,42.7779],[-84.1519,42.685],[-84.146,42.5999],[-84.1402,42.4239],[-84.2539,42.4236],[-84.2607,42.4242],[-84.3676,42.4242],[-84.3677,42.4224],[-84.4864,42.4215],[-84.6026,42.4215],[-84.7207,42.4209],[-84.83,42.421],[-84.8375,42.4215],[-84.9561,42.4221],[-85.0667,42.4215],[-85.0736,42.4211],[-85.0738,42.5956],[-85.0745,42.7707],[-84.9577,42.7712],[-84.8391,42.7706],[-84.8376,42.857],[-84.8393,42.9434],[-84.8382,43.1199],[-84.6022,43.1185],[-84.3681,43.1172]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Clinton\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f99fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vanlier, Kenneth Eugene","contributorId":6840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanlier","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"Eugene","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Warren W.","contributorId":47770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Warren W.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":145916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brunett, Jilann O.","contributorId":92230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brunett","given":"Jilann","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":2861,"text":"wsp1974 - 1973 - Water resources of the New Jersey part of the Ramapo River basin","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":56068,"text":"ofr70352 - 1970 - Water resources of the New Jersey part of the Ramapo River basin","indexId":"ofr70352","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Water resources of the New Jersey part of the Ramapo River basin"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2861,"text":"wsp1974 - 1973 - Water resources of the New Jersey part of the Ramapo River basin","indexId":"wsp1974","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"title":"Water resources of the New Jersey part of the Ramapo River basin"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:35","indexId":"wsp1974","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1974","title":"Water resources of the New Jersey part of the Ramapo River basin","docAbstract":"The Ramapo River, a major stream in the Passaic River basin, drains an area of 161 square miles, 70 percent of which is in Orange and Rockland Counties, N.Y., and 30 percent is in Bergen and Passaic Counties, N.J. This report describes the hydrology of the New Jersey part of the basin and evaluates the feasibility of developing large ground-water supplies from the stratified drift in the Ramapo River valley by inducing recharge to the aquifer from the river. The ground water and surface water of the basin are considered as a single resource because the development of either ground water or surface water affects the availability of the other. \r\n\r\nPrecambrian gneiss, sparsely mantled with Pleistocene glacial drift, underlies the basin west of the Ramapo River in New Jersey. To the east, bedrock consists of the Watchung Basalt and of shale, sandstone, and conglomerate of the Brunswick Formation of Triassic age. Glacial drift occurs nearly everywhere in the eastern part of the basin, and deposits of stratified drift more than 100 feet thick occur in the Ramapo valley. Average annual runoff at Pompton Lakes accounts for 25 inches of the 45 inches of annual precipitation in the New Jersey part of the basin, and the remaining 20 inches is accounted for by evapotranspiration. Streamflow is highly variable--particularly in the area underlain by gneissic rocks-because of the low storage capacity of the rocks and the rough topography. \r\n\r\nMany of the small tributaries go dry during extended periods of no precipitation. Small domestic supplies of ground water can be obtained nearly everywhere, but the Brunswick Formation is the only consolidated-rock aquifer in the basin that can be depended upon to yield 100-200 gallons per minute to wells. Supplies of more than 1,000 gallons per minute are available from wells tapping the stratified drift in the Ramapo valley. The drift supplies 75 percent of the ground water pumped for public supply in the basin. Sustained ground-water yield in upland areas, based on stream base-flow recession, is estimated to be 200,000-300,000 gallons per day per square mile for the drift-covered Brunswick Formation and about 100,000-200,000 gallons per day per square mile for the gneiss and basalt. Potential sustained yield of the stratified drift in the valley depends on the availability of the streamflow and on the induced rate of infiltration. \r\n\r\nPumping from the stratified drift results in a reduction in streamflow, which may be undesirable, mainly because of prior downstream water rights. On the basis of the storage available in the stratified drift and an analysis of daily flow during the drought period of October 1964 to September 1967 at Pompton Lakes, 20-25 million gallons per day of Ramapo River water are available for development after existing downstream water requirements are supplied. However, some low-flow augmentation will be. necessary to insure downstream rights. Rates of infiltration computed from seepage losses observed near Mahwah indicate that at least 11 million gallons per day, on an average basis, can be infiltrated from the river by the pumping of wells tapping the stratified drift. The use of recharge pits and spreading areas would increase the rate of infiltration. Losses from the Ramapo River could be minimized by returning treated sewage effluent directly to the river or, preferably, by recharging the stratified-drift aquifer with the treated effluent. \r\n\r\nGround-water quality and surface-water quality at times of low-flow vary according to the type of rock from which the water is obtained. Water from the gneiss is low in dissolved solids--less than 127 mg/l (milligrams per liter)--and soft to moderately hard--less than 94 rag/l. Water from the Brunswick Formation is more mineralized--total dissolved-solids content is as much as 278 mg/1 and hardness as much as 188 mg/1. Water from the stratified drift is generally intermediate in quality--that is, total dissolved-solids content is as ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1974","usgsCitation":"Vecchioli, J., and Miller, E., 1973, Water resources of the New Jersey part of the Ramapo River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1974, vi, 77 p. :illus. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1974.","productDescription":"vi, 77 p. :illus. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1974/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29456,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1974/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29457,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1974/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29458,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1974/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29459,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1974/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29460,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1974/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5ef13d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vecchioli, John","contributorId":36113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchioli","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, E.G.","contributorId":44132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":162,"text":"wsp2100 - 1973 - Quality of surface waters of the United States, Parts 12-16, North Pacific slope basins, Alaska, Hawaii, and other Pacific areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:11","indexId":"wsp2100","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2100","title":"Quality of surface waters of the United States, Parts 12-16, North Pacific slope basins, Alaska, Hawaii, and other Pacific areas","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off. ; for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2100","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1973, Quality of surface waters of the United States, Parts 12-16, North Pacific slope basins, Alaska, Hawaii, and other Pacific areas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2100, v. 464 p. :map ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2100.","productDescription":"v. 464 p. :map ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137267,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2100/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24773,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2100/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db651809","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2898,"text":"wsp2029C - 1973 - Use of finite-difference arrays of observation wells to estimate evapotranspiration from ground water in the Arkansas River Valley, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:21","indexId":"wsp2029C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2029","chapter":"C","title":"Use of finite-difference arrays of observation wells to estimate evapotranspiration from ground water in the Arkansas River Valley, Colorado","docAbstract":"A method to determine evapotranspiration from ground water was tested at four sites in the flood plain of the Arkansas River in Colorado. Approximate ground-water budgets were obtained by analyzing water-level data from observation wells installed in five-point arrays. The analyses were based on finite difference approximations of the differential equation describing ground-water flow. \r\n\r\nData from the sites were divided into two groups by season. It was assumed that water levels during the dormant season were unaffected by evapotranspiration of ground water or by recharge, collectively termed 'accretion.' Regression analyses of these data were made to provide an equation for separating the effects of changes in aquifer storage and of aquifer heterogeneity from those due to accretion during the growing season. The data collected during the growing season were thus analyzed to determine accretion.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2029C","usgsCitation":"Weeks, E.P., and Sorey, M., 1973, Use of finite-difference arrays of observation wells to estimate evapotranspiration from ground water in the Arkansas River Valley, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2029, iii, 27 p. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2029C.","productDescription":"iii, 27 p. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2029c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29564,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2029c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db6046a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weeks, Edwin P. epweeks@usgs.gov","contributorId":2576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"Edwin","email":"epweeks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":145976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1261,"text":"wsp1987 - 1973 - Subsurface geology and ground-water resources of the Jackson Purchase region, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:13","indexId":"wsp1987","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1987","title":"Subsurface geology and ground-water resources of the Jackson Purchase region, Kentucky","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1987","usgsCitation":"Davis, R.W., Lambert, T.W., and Hansen, A.J., 1973, Subsurface geology and ground-water resources of the Jackson Purchase region, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1987, 1 portfolio (v, 66 p., 11 fold. leaves of plates) :ill. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1987.","productDescription":"1 portfolio (v, 66 p., 11 fold. leaves of plates) :ill. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":94700,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1987/plate-03.pdf","size":"3609","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":94698,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1987/plate-01.pdf","size":"4652","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":94699,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1987/plate-02.pdf","size":"1464","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":94701,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1987/plate-04.pdf","size":"1597","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":94702,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1987/plate-05.pdf","size":"4878","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":94703,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1987/plate-06.pdf","size":"3320","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":94704,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1987/plate-07.pdf","size":"3007","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":94705,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1987/plate-08.pdf","size":"1116","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":94706,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1987/plate-09.pdf","size":"818","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":94707,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1987/plate-10.pdf","size":"5377","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":94708,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1987/plate-11.pdf","size":"807","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1987/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26212,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1987/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699a9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, R. W.","contributorId":93459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lambert, T. William","contributorId":40574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, Arnold J. Jr.","contributorId":84336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Arnold","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":103,"text":"wsp2090 - 1973 - Ground-water levels in the United States, 1967-71, north-central States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-06T13:24:18","indexId":"wsp2090","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2090","title":"Ground-water levels in the United States, 1967-71, north-central States","docAbstract":"<p>Publication of ground-water level data for the United States in watersupply papers was begun by the Geological Survey in 1935. From 1935 through 1939, a single water-supply paper for each year covering the entire Nation was issued (Water-Supply Papers 777, 817, 840, 845, and 886). Since then water-supply papers have been issued covering 6 separate sections of the United States as shown in figure 1. See table on page 2 for the number of the water-supply paper containing records by year and section.</p>\n<p>Beginning in 1956, only water-level data from a basic network of observation wells has been published. This basic network contains observation wells so located that the most significant data are obtained from the fewest wells in the most important aquifers. In some States the basic network forms the skeletal index of a more comprehensive observation-well program. Publications that contain substantial additional water-level data are listed at the end of each State report in this volume.</p>\n<p>r.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2090","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1973, Ground-water levels in the United States, 1967-71, north-central States: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2090, v, 114 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2090.","productDescription":"v, 114 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2090/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24708,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2090/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-90.640927,42.508302],[-90.161159,42.106372],[-90.172765,41.866149],[-90.364128,41.579633],[-91.050328,41.400049],[-91.113648,41.241401],[-90.955201,40.986805],[-91.448441,40.378914],[-91.785916,40.611488],[-95.746443,40.584935],[-95.41932,40.048442],[-94.916918,39.836138],[-95.113077,39.559133],[-94.615834,39.160003],[-94.617982,37.075077],[-94.699735,36.998805],[-102.000447,36.993249],[-102.051614,41.002377],[-104.039238,41.001502],[-104.048807,48.933636],[-95.153711,48.998903],[-95.153314,49.384358],[-94.878454,49.333193],[-94.640803,48.741171],[-93.818375,48.534442],[-92.984963,48.623731],[-92.634931,48.542873],[-92.698824,48.494892],[-92.341207,48.23248],[-92.066269,48.359602],[-91.542512,48.053268],[-90.88548,48.245784],[-90.703702,48.096009],[-89.489226,48.014528],[-90.86827,47.5569],[-92.058888,46.809938],[-92.025789,46.710839],[-90.880358,46.957661],[-90.78804,46.844886],[-90.920813,46.637432],[-90.327548,46.550262],[-89.929158,46.29975],[-88.141001,45.930608],[-88.13364,45.823128],[-87.831442,45.714938],[-87.887828,45.358122],[-87.647454,45.345232],[-87.72796,45.207956],[-87.59188,45.094689],[-87.983065,44.72073],[-87.970702,44.530292],[-87.428144,44.890738],[-87.238229,45.167238],[-86.978697,45.227538],[-87.467089,44.553557],[-87.53994,44.15969],[-87.73063,43.893862],[-87.910172,43.236634],[-87.800477,42.49192],[-90.640927,42.508302]]],[[[-86.880572,45.331467],[-86.956192,45.351179],[-86.82177,45.427602],[-86.880572,45.331467]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Iowa\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667572","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5668,"text":"pp817 - 1973 - Summary petroleum and selected mineral statistics for 120 countries, including offshore areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:53","indexId":"pp817","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"817","title":"Summary petroleum and selected mineral statistics for 120 countries, including offshore areas","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp817","usgsCitation":"Albers, J.P., Carter, M., Clark, A.L., Coury, A.B., and Schweinfurth, S., 1973, Summary petroleum and selected mineral statistics for 120 countries, including offshore areas: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 817, 149 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp817.","productDescription":"149 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122997,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0817/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32186,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0817/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db69885e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albers, John Patrick","contributorId":26669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albers","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, M.D.","contributorId":31382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, A. L.","contributorId":89502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coury, A. B.","contributorId":56211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coury","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schweinfurth, S. P.","contributorId":82288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweinfurth","given":"S. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":6393,"text":"pp830 - 1973 - Zeolites and associated authigenic silicate minerals in tuffaceous rocks of the Big Sandy Formation, Mohave County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:52","indexId":"pp830","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"830","title":"Zeolites and associated authigenic silicate minerals in tuffaceous rocks of the Big Sandy Formation, Mohave County, Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp830","usgsCitation":"Sheppard, R.A., and Gude, A.J., 1973, Zeolites and associated authigenic silicate minerals in tuffaceous rocks of the Big Sandy Formation, Mohave County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 830, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp830.","productDescription":"36 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0830/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":112818,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0830/report.pdf","size":"13028","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de0ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheppard, Richard A.","contributorId":41815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheppard","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gude, Arthur J.","contributorId":26676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gude","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":6014,"text":"pp801 - 1973 - Jurassic paleobiogeography of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:58","indexId":"pp801","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"801","title":"Jurassic paleobiogeography of Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp801","usgsCitation":"Imlay, R.W., and Detterman, R.L., 1973, Jurassic paleobiogeography of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 801, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp801.","productDescription":"34 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122058,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0801/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32960,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0801/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b48c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Imlay, Ralph Willard","contributorId":19155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imlay","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"Willard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Detterman, Robert L.","contributorId":71526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detterman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":6377,"text":"pp732B - 1973 - Scour and fill in Tujunga Wash; a fanhead valley in urban Southern California, 1969","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:42","indexId":"pp732B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"732","chapter":"B","title":"Scour and fill in Tujunga Wash; a fanhead valley in urban Southern California, 1969","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp732B","usgsCitation":"Scott, K.M., 1973, Scour and fill in Tujunga Wash; a fanhead valley in urban Southern California, 1969: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 732, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp732B.","productDescription":"28 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0732b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":33750,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0732b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fcfea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, Kevin M.","contributorId":88331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":152608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5746,"text":"pp820 - 1973 - United States mineral resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-19T15:30:49","indexId":"pp820","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"820","title":"United States mineral resources","docAbstract":"<p>The work on this volume began in January 1972, but in a broader sense its production began many years ago. The chapters were written by geologists most of whom have had many years of experience studying the geology of mineral deposits, and more particularly the commodities about which they have written here. A total of nearly 2,300 man-years of professional experience in the geology of mineral resources is represented by the authors of the volume, and about 30 man-years went directly into its preparation. Each chapter contains not only a synthesis of the state of knowledge of the geology of the commodity, but also an appraisal of the known resources, and an examination of the geologic possibilities for finding additional deposits. </p><p>In January 1972, responsibility for the preparation of the volume was assigned to us as co-editors, and we were given a tentative list of commodities and authors. We provided each author with a suggested outline of general topics to be covered, and some guidelines as to scope and philosophy of approach, but beyond that we avoided any attempt to fit each chapter into a stereotype. Moreover, the types of commodities range from the major metals and industrial minerals such as copper, silver, and fluorspar, which have been the subject of geologic research for years, to other commodities that are of such varied geologic nature (such as pigments or gemstones) or of such minor present importance (such as scandium or thallium) that they cannot be treated from the same viewpoint as the major minerals. The chapters range, therefore, from comprehensive summary reports to general essays that reflect the individuality of the authors as well as the variation among commodities. </p><p>Throughout the book the emphasis is on geology, but each chapter contains some summary information on uses, technology, and economics. These summaries are not meant to be exhaustive, however, and additional details are in the 1970 edition of \"Mineral Facts and Problems\" (Bulletin 650 of the U.S. Bureau of Mines) ; indeed, we regard that book and the present volume as being complementary. </p><p>In the examination of the geologic possibilities for finding new deposits-in many respects the principal innovative contributions of this volume-we asked the authors to frankly apply the limits of their ingenuity and not only to summarize current theories but also to express their own intuitive ideas, however speculative and unconventional they may seem, that have come from years of study devoted to the origin of mineral deposits. Readers will see that some authors have speculated more courageously than others. In any case, we believe readers will find all the chapters interesting, and many stimulating; and a few we believe can be frankly characterized as intellectually exciting. </p><p>Most chapters include a section on prospecting techniques, and a summary of geologic or related problems on which the authors believe research might be most fruitful in the continuing efforts to find new resources. </p><p>An integral part of the book is the bibliographic material cited at the conclusion of each chapter, in lieu of repetition of detailed descriptions already in print. Index and \"spot\" maps are not included in most chapters because they are available elsewhere, and in many cases with more detail than could possibly be included here. Maps showing the distribution of known deposits of many commodities in the United States are available in the Mineral Resource (MR) map series of the U.S. Geological Survey and in the National Atlas of the United States. </p><p>The first three chapters deal not with resources of specific commodities but with general information that is pertinent to the study of mineral resources. In the introductory chapter we discuss the purposes of the book, the distinctions between reserves and various categories of resources, and some general conclusions drawn from our view of the book in its entirety. In the second chapter V. E. McKelvey discusses the problems of mineral-resource estimates and public policy. In the third chapter, R. L. Erickson discusses some new points of view on the relation of reserves and resources to the crustal abundance of elements. </p><p>We acknowledge with thanks the cooperation of our colleagues in all phases of the preparation of this volume. Whatever success the book may attain is due entirely to a total effort. A paragraph of acknowledgment originally submitted as a part of the chapter on \"Nuclear fuels\" is given here instead because we feel it applied to all chapters: \"The writers have drawn freely from published information, not all of which is cited, and from their colleagues, none of whom are given specific credit. The reader should be aware that the paper could not have been written without these sources.\" We extend specific thanks to Michael Fleischer for preparation of summaries of geochemical information that are included in many chapters.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp820","usgsCitation":"1973, United States mineral resources: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 820, viii, 722 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp820.","productDescription":"viii, 722 p.","numberOfPages":"736","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0820/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32324,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0820/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ec70","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Brobst, Donald A.","contributorId":18260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brobst","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725226,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, Walden P.","contributorId":68296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Walden","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725227,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":6021,"text":"pp756 - 1973 - Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) ammonites from eastern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:58","indexId":"pp756","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"756","title":"Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) ammonites from eastern Oregon","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp756","usgsCitation":"Imlay, R.W., 1973, Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) ammonites from eastern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 756, 100 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp756.","productDescription":"100 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126527,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0756/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32967,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0756/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":32968,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0756/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db6352ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Imlay, Ralph Willard","contributorId":19155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imlay","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"Willard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":6163,"text":"pp726D - 1973 - Geophysical studies in the Yuma area, Arizona and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-16T18:28:40.256114","indexId":"pp726D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"726","chapter":"D","title":"Geophysical studies in the Yuma area, Arizona and California","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp726D","usgsCitation":"Mattick, R.E., Olmsted, F.H., and Zohdy, A.A., 1973, Geophysical studies in the Yuma area, Arizona and California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 726, Report: 35 p.; 5 Plates: 17.00 x 22.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp726D.","productDescription":"Report: 35 p.; 5 Plates: 17.00 x 22.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":104727,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5021.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"5021"},{"id":33272,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0726d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33271,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0726d/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33270,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0726d/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33269,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0726d/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33268,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0726d/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33267,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0726d/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":121562,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0726d/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California","otherGeospatial":"Yuma area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.84479190011508,\n              32.85955596951524\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.84479190011508,\n              32.51022362009232\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.42132461764724,\n              32.51022362009232\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.42132461764724,\n              32.85955596951524\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.84479190011508,\n              32.85955596951524\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b448","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mattick, Robert E.","contributorId":44130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattick","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olmsted, F. H.","contributorId":24765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olmsted","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zohdy, Adel A. R.","contributorId":61799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zohdy","given":"Adel","email":"","middleInitial":"A. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}