Open-system, continuous-titration experiments have been done in which a slow flux of ∼0.02 molar solution of Mn2+ chloride, nitrate, or perchlorate with Cu2+ or Ni2+ in lesser concentrations was introduced into an aerated reactor solution held at constant temperature and at constant pH by a pH-stat titrator that added dilute NaOH. The resulting mixtures of metal oxyhydroxides and their native solutions were aged for periods as long as 2 1/2 years. Fresh and aged precipitates were characterized by chemical analysis, oxidation state determinations, X-ray and electron diffraction, and electron microscopy. The precipitates can be described as mixtures of oxide and oxyhydroxide species, using concepts of equilibrium and nonequilibrium chemical thermodynamics. The metal-ion content of the aged precipitates in systems that contained copper is distributed among three principal components. One of these is a mixed oxide Cu2Mn3O8 in which all Mn is in the 4+ oxidation state. A major component in all precipitates is feitknechtite, βMnOOH. These forms are supplemented by CuO or by birnessite or ramsdellite forms of MnO2 where stoichiometry and thermodynamic calculations predict them. In systems that contained nickel and manganese, identifiable components included βMnOOH, Ni(OH)2, and the same two forms of MnO2. The oxidation number of the precipitated manganese increased during aging, and the pH of the supernatant solution decreased. The maximum Mn oxidation number observed was 3.55 in an Mn + Cu precipitate aged for 18 months. Concentrations of Cu2+ and Ni2+ generally decreased to values substantially below those predicted by oxide or hydroxide equilibrium. Scavenging effects of this type are common in natural aqueous systems.
Late Cretaceous ash flow volcanism in the Silver Bell Mountains of southern Arizona (32.3°N, 248.5°E) was associated with caldera formation and porphyry copper mineralization. Oriented samples from 34 sites in volcanic, volcaniclastic, and intrusive units related to this episode of igneous activity (73–69 Ma) yield a mean paleomagnetic direction of I = 61.2°, D = 24.0°, α95 = 7.6°. Primary remanent magnetizations are indicated by the presence of both normal and reversed polarities and by the significantly improved grouping (95% confidence level) of site-mean directions for a widespread tuff unit after structural correction. A comparison of this direction with a direction at Silver Bell calculated from contemporaneous units for stable North America (I = 58.8°, D = 342.3°, α95 = 7.7°) indicates a Late Cretaceous paleolatitude anomaly of −2.4°±7.6° (not significant at the 95% confidence level) and a declination anomaly of 41.7°±14.3° for the Silver Bell Mountains. Previously determined paleomagnetic data for southeastern Arizona suggest that this apparent clockwise rotation in the Silver Bell Mountains is a local phenomenon. Although preliminary, the average paleomagnetic direction for Oligocene and lower Miocene rocks in the Silver Bell area (I = 43.8°, D = 357.3°, α95 = 16.5°) is similar to that calculated for stable North America (I = 50.2°, D = 352.2°, α95 = 3.9°), implying that the observed rotation in the Silver Bell Mountains occurred before 26 Ma and was most likely associated with dextral strike-slip movement along the Ragged Top and related WNW trending faults bounding the Silver Bell Mountain block. These data, in conjunction with plate reconstructions and other paleomagnetic data from southwestern North America, imply that WNW trending strike-slip faults may have played an important role during Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary deformation in southern Arizona.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB12p17847","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hagstrum, J., and Sawyer, D., 1989, Late Cretaceous paleomagnetism and clockwise rotation of the Silver Bell Mountains, south central Arizona: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B12, p. 17847-17860, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB12p17847.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"17847","endPage":"17860","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223190,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44d6e4b0c8380cd66e1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hagstrum, J.T.","contributorId":75922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagstrum","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sawyer, D.A.","contributorId":107666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015898,"text":"70015898 - 1989 - Physical and chemical characteristics of a metal-contaminated overbank deposit, west-central South Dakota, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-12T10:10:22","indexId":"70015898","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physical and chemical characteristics of a metal-contaminated overbank deposit, west-central South Dakota, USA","docAbstract":"The deposit along the Belle Fourche River is typically up to 2 m thick and extends about 90 m away from the channel along the insides of meander bends. The sediments contain above-background levels of copper, iron, manganese, zinc, and particularly arsenic. An influx at high streamflow of uncontaminated sediment from terraces and the premining floodplain as well as from tributaries causes arsenic concentrations in parts of the contaminated deposit that are farthest away from the channel to be two to three times less than arsenic concentrations in overbank sediment that is immediately adjacent to the channel.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/esp.3290140507","usgsCitation":"Marron, D., 1989, Physical and chemical characteristics of a metal-contaminated overbank deposit, west-central South Dakota, USA: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 14, no. 5, p. 419-432, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3290140507.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"419","endPage":"432","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.0625,\n 42.956422511073335\n ],\n [\n -99.00878906249999,\n 42.956422511073335\n ],\n [\n -99.00878906249999,\n 44.77793589631623\n ],\n [\n -104.0625,\n 44.77793589631623\n ],\n [\n -104.0625,\n 42.956422511073335\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7a74e4b0c8380cd78f01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marron, D. C.","contributorId":16031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marron","given":"D. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015851,"text":"70015851 - 1989 - A high-resolution seismic reflection/refraction study of the Chugach-Peninsular terrane boundary, southern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T21:26:44.060116","indexId":"70015851","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A high-resolution seismic reflection/refraction study of the Chugach-Peninsular terrane boundary, southern Alaska","docAbstract":"We present results from a high-resolution seismic refraction analysis of the shallow (approximately 2 km) crustal structure along the 107-km-long Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect Chugach reflection line in southern Alaska and a comparison with laboratory measurements of field samples. The refraction analysis includes the two-dimensional interpretation of several thousand first- and secondary-arrival travel times digitized from 1024-channel split-spread common shot gathers. The velocity model derived from this analysis better defines the location and geometry of terrane boundaries than does the normal incidence reflection section and agrees well with surface mapping of lithologies. Furthermore, the model predicts travel times within 100 ms of the reflection times recorded from the base of the Quaternary on the Chugach reflection section. Thicknesses of Quaternary deposits, with velocities between 1.1 and 2.0 km/s, correlate inversely with the quantity of observed lower crustal reflections on the Chugach section, suggesting that the presence or absence of these sediments in sufficient thickness exerted primary control on the quality of the deeper portion of the section. There is a significant velocity contrast between crystalline rocks across the Border Ranges fault (5.0 versus 5.6 km/s), the major contact between the Chugach and Peninsular terranes, in agreement with laboratory measurements of field specimens. In the Peninsular terrane the modeling indicates that an unnamed fault delimiting the southern flank of the Copper River Basin dips steeply northward at 50° and has about 1300 m of vertical offset. Laboratory measurements document a maximum velocity anisotropy of 20% for phyllitic schists of the Valdez Group in the Chugach terrane. In agreement with the observed E-W strike and near-vertical dip of the Valdez Group, we determined a significant (14%) velocity anisotropy for ray paths oriented N-S versus NE-SW.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB04p04441","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T., Fisher, M.A., Geist, E., and Christensen, N., 1989, A high-resolution seismic reflection/refraction study of the Chugach-Peninsular terrane boundary, southern Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B4, p. 4441-4455, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB04p04441.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"4441","endPage":"4455","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223130,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e41fe4b0c8380cd46418","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brocher, T.M. 0000-0002-9740-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":69994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, M. A.","contributorId":69972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geist, E.L. 0000-0003-0611-1150","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":71993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christensen, N.I.","contributorId":28016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"N.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015647,"text":"70015647 - 1989 - Trace metal associations in the water column of South San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-12T10:50:34","indexId":"70015647","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace metal associations in the water column of South San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"Spatial distributions of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) were followed along a longitudinal gradient of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in South San Francisco Bay (herein referred to as the South Bay). Dissolved Cu, Zn and Cd concentrations ranged from 24 to 66 nM, from 20 to 107 nM and from 1·2 to 4·7 nM, respectively, in samples collected on five dates beginning with the spring phytoplankton bloom and continuing through summer,1985. Dissolved Cu and Zn concentrations varied indirectly with salinity and directly with DOC concentration which ranged from 2·1 to 4·1 mg l−1. Available thermodynamic data strongly support the hypothesis that Cu speciation may be dominated by association with dissolved organic matter. Analogous control of Zn speciation by organic complexation was, however, not indicated in our computations. Computed free ion activity estimates for Cu, Zn and Cd were of the order of 10−10, 10−8 and 10−10 M, respectively. The availability of these metals may be among the factors regulating the growth of certain phytoplankton species within this region of the estuary. In contrast to dissolved Cu, dissolved Cd was directly related to the concentration of suspended particulate matter, suggesting a source of dissolved Cd coincident with elevated particle concentrations in the South Bay (e.g. runoff and solute desorption). Consistent with work in other estuaries, partitioning of all three trace metals onto suspended particulates was negatively correlated with salinity and positively correlated with increases in particulate organic carbon associated with the phytoplankton bloom. These results for the South Bay indicate that sorption processes influence dissolved concentrations of these trace metals, the degree of this influence varies among metals, and processes controlling metal distribution in this estuary appear to be more element-specific than spatially- or temporally-specific.
Quantitative limonite mapping within the leached capping of the porphyry copper deposit at La Escondida, Chile, permits reconstruction of the paleohydrologic and chemical evolution of a well-developed supergene ore-forming system. The mineralogy, textures, and relative abundance of supergene limonite minerals (hematite, goethite, and jarosite) are used to reconstruct the former ratio of pyrite to chalcocite and the preoxidation copper grade based on empirical limonite sulfide correlations (after Locke, 1926; Blanchard, 1968; and Loghry, 1972). Estimates of preoxidation copper grades in surface exposures and tops of drill holes at La Escondida are significantly lower than actual copper grades in the underlying enrichment blanket at depth. This apparent inconsistency is explained by a progressive increase in the copper grade of the sulfide enrichment blanket as it descended to its present location in response to a descending water table. This systematic trend of reconstructed grades of supergene-enriched copper sulfide increasing with depth offers the first quantitative proof of cumulative downward enrichment in a supergene profile, as proposed by Locke (1926). The consistent trends of limonite mineralogy and abundance in vertical profiles indicate that water table descent at La Escondida was relatively continuous in space, although not necessarily in time.Evidence for cumulative downward enrichment in vertical profiles through leached capping allows quantitative analysis of chemical mass balance in dynamic supergene systems. Slopes of linear regressions for profiles of reconstructed enriched copper grades vs. depth indicate lateral fluxes into or out of a given vertical profile. This method provides independent verification of conclusions from a previous study of copper mass balance at La Escondida (Brimhall et al., 1985) which showed that lateral fluxes of copper were a significant factor during supergene leaching and enrichment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.84.2.229","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Alpers, C.N., and Brimhall, G., 1989, Paleohydrologic evolution and geochemical dynamics of cumulative supergene metal enrichment at La Escondida, Atacama Desert, northern Chile: Economic Geology, v. 84, no. 2, p. 229-255, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.84.2.229.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"255","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224034,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1989-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73f5e4b0c8380cd77357","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":370830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brimhall, G.H.","contributorId":91992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brimhall","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015760,"text":"70015760 - 1989 - Bedrock geology and tectonic evolution of the Wrangellia, Peninsular, and Chugach terranes along the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect in the Chugach Mountains and southern Copper River Basin, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T21:36:54.40266","indexId":"70015760","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bedrock geology and tectonic evolution of the Wrangellia, Peninsular, and Chugach terranes along the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect in the Chugach Mountains and southern Copper River Basin, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Trans-Alaskan Crustal Transect in the southern Copper River Basin and Chugach Mountains traverses the margins of the Peninsular and Wrangellia terranes, and the adjacent accretionary oceanic units of the Chugach terrane to the south. The southern Wrangellia terrane margin consists of a polymetamorphosed magmatic arc complex at least in part of Pennsylvanian age (Strelna Metamorphics and metagranodiorite) and tonalitic metaplutonic rocks of the Late Jurassic Chitina magmatic arc. The southern Peninsular terrane margin is underlain by rocks of the Late Triassic (?) and Early Jurassic Talkeetna magmatic arc (Talkeetna Formation and Border Ranges ultra-mafic-mafic assemblage) on Permian or older basement rocks. The Peninsular and Wrangellia terranes are parts of a dominantly oceanic superterrane (composite Terrane II) that was amalgamated by Late Triassic time and was accreted to terranes of continental affinity north of the Denali fault system in the mid- to Late Cretaceous. The Chugach terrane in the transect area consists of three successively accreted units: (1) minor greenschist and intercalated blueschist, the schist of Liberty Creek, of unknown protolith age that was metamorphosed and probably accreted during the Early Jurassic, (2) the McHugh Complex (Late Triassic to mid-Cretaceous protolith age), a melange of mixed oceanic, volcaniclastic, and olistostromal rocks that is metamorphosed to prehnite-pumpellyite and lower greenschist facies that was accreted by middle Cretaceous time, and (3) the Upper Cretaceous Valdez Group, mainly magmatic arc-derived flysch and lesser oceanic volcanic rocks of greenschist facies that was accreted by early Paleocene time. A regional thermal event that culminated in early middle Eocene time (48–52 Ma) resulted in widespread greenschist facies metamorphism and plutonism.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB094iB04p04255","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Plafker, G., Nokleberg, W., and Lull, J.S., 1989, Bedrock geology and tectonic evolution of the Wrangellia, Peninsular, and Chugach terranes along the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect in the Chugach Mountains and southern Copper River Basin, Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 94, no. B4, p. 4255-4295, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB04p04255.","productDescription":"41 p.","startPage":"4255","endPage":"4295","numberOfPages":"41","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224223,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f07ee4b0c8380cd4a76a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plafker, George 0000-0003-3972-0390","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3972-0390","contributorId":36603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nokleberg, W. J. 0000-0002-1574-8869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":68312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lull, J. S.","contributorId":37075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lull","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1013756,"text":"1013756 - 1989 - Chemical composition of maturing and spawning Atlantic salmon from different locations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-24T15:49:43.299627","indexId":"1013756","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical composition of maturing and spawning Atlantic salmon from different locations","docAbstract":"We examined the relation between the environmental or nutritional background and the chemical composition of body tissues and reproductive success in wild (sea‐run, river‐captured, ocean‐captured, landlocked) and hatchery‐reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). More essential fatty acids of the linolenic acid family (n‐3 acids, also called ω‐3 acids) occurred in eggs of wild Atlantic salmon that had the highest percentages of eyed eggs and were highest in ocean‐caught Atlantic salmon. A marked decrease in zinc concentration occurred in eggs and semen of hatchery‐reared fish fed one experimental diet; these fish yielded a lower percentage of eyed eggs than other first‐time spawners. The correlation between zinc levels and spermatocrit in semen of males from five locations was highly significant (P ≤ 0.01). Ovaries of ocean‐captured fish contained 2.5–5 times as much zinc, 5–7 times as much iron, and 4–62 times as much copper as did eggs from sexually mature Atlantic salmon from other sources. An apparent transfer of copper, iron, and zinc from spine and muscle to ovarian tissue was observed in females preparing for spawning. High levels of n‐3 fatty acids, copper, iron, and zinc in gonadal tissues of ocean‐captured Atlantic salmon suggest that these nutrients are essential for reproductive success.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1989)051%3C0133:CCOMAS%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Poston, H.A., and Ketola, H.G., 1989, Chemical composition of maturing and spawning Atlantic salmon from different locations: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 51, p. 133-139, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1989)051%3C0133:CCOMAS%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"139","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129268,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e411b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poston, H. A.","contributorId":21893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poston","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ketola, H. G.","contributorId":60976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketola","given":"H.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1013583,"text":"1013583 - 1989 - Suppression of antibody-producing cells in rainbow trout spleen sections exposed to copper in vitro","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-23T00:09:57.119155","indexId":"1013583","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suppression of antibody-producing cells in rainbow trout spleen sections exposed to copper in vitro","docAbstract":"Immunosuppression was demonstrated in sections of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (formerly Salmo gairdneri) spleens immunized in vitro and exposed in culture to different concentrations of copper chloride. The sections were immunized with dinitrophenyl-Ficoll and cultured in Eagle's minimum essential medium with 2% fetal calf serum; half of the medium was withdrawn and replaced every other day. The passive hemolytic plaque assay was used to determine the number of antibody-producing cells 10 d after injection. In the sections cultured with the high copper concentration (100 μg/mL), all cells died; at copper concentrations of 0.1–10 μg/mL, leukocytes remained viable, but fewer antibody-producing cells were present than in organ sections cultured in medium without copper. This in vitro method reduces the number of animals needed and the length of time required to determine toxicity and immunosuppression, and it provides information on the effects of certain environmental pollutants on fish.
No abstract available.
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\nNo chlorophenoxy herbicides were detected in water during the June 1986 sampling. Simazine, prometone, and atrazine were the only triazine herbicides detected, and concentrations of these herbicides did not exceed 0.8 microgram per liter. DDE, the only organochlorine Insecticide detected in water, was detected at two locations at concentrations of 0.01 micrograms per liter. Methyl parathion, malathion, and diazinon were the only organophosphorus compounds detected in the June 1986 sampling, and the maximum concentrations of these compounds were 0.75, 0.71, and 0.26 micrograms per liter, respectively. The analysis of three samples collected in August 1986 indicate that the types of pesticides collected during runoff were similiar to those detected during the June 1986 sampling. The exception was that the herbicide 2,4-D was detected during runoff.
\nConcentrations of dissolved cadmium exceeded the chronic criteria for freshwater aquatic life in the Cayo Atascoso in the Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge. Chromium exceeded the acute and chronic freshwater criteria at four locations in the refuge and in the Laguna Madre. Chromium also exceeded the chronic saltwater criteria in Athel Pond. Concentrations of dissolved copper exceeded the acute and chronic criteria for saltwater aquatic life at 13 locations. Mercury exceeded the chronic criteria for freshwater and saltwater aquatic life at three locations, and dissolved nickel concentrations exceeded the chronic criteria for saltwater aquatic life in the Rio Grande at Anzalduas Dam and in the Resaca de los Frenos near Russeltown.
\nNo organophosphorus insecticides, polychlorinated napthalenes, or polychlorinated biphenyl compounds were detected in four bed-sediment samples. DDE, an organochlorine insecticide, was detected in all four samples at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 34 micrograms per kilogram. Chlordane, ODD, DDE, DOT, and dieldrin were all detected in the Resaca de los Fresnos at U.S. Highway 77 at San Benito with concentrations of 4.0, 9.7, 9.3, 7.3, and 0.1 micrograms per kilogram, respectively. Data collected by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 1985 indicate that DDE was detected in approximately 75 percent of the bed sediment samples analyzed. The maximum concentration detected in that study was 6.0 micrograms per gram; the median concentration was 0.01 micrograms per gram.
\nMinor-element data from 22 fish samples indicate that the maximum concentrations of arsenic, copper, mercury, selenium, and zinc exceeded the 85thpercentile baseline concentrations established by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for the National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program. None of the median concentrations of these minor elements exceeded the baseline concentrations. The maximum concentrations of aluminum, barium, iron, manganese, and tin were detected in fish collected from International Falcon Reservoir. This reservoir stratifies in the summer, and minor elements may be released from the bed sediments in the deep parts of the reservoir and incorporated into the food chain.
\nToxaphene was detected in 11 fish samples; detectable concentrations ranged from 0.98 to 5.1 micrograms per gram, wet weight. DOT also was detected in 11 fish samples with concentrations ranging from 0.021 to 0.066 micrograms per gram, wet weight. ODD was detected in 21 fish samples; concentrations ranged from 0.015 to 0.16 micrograms per gram, wet weight. DDE was detected in all 22 fish samples, and concentrations ranged from 0.36 to 9.9 micrograms per gram, wet weight. The maximum concentrations of DOT and ODD exceeded the 1980-81 baseline concentrations. The median and maximum concentrations of toxaphene and DDE exceeded the 1980-81 baseline concentrations. The largest concentrations of toxaphene, ODD, and DDE in fish were all measured in samples collected at the Main Floodway near Progreso.
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1988 - Map showing geology and rock geochemistry of the Puquio porphyry copper prospect, Santiago de Chocorvos Quadrangle, Peru","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:35","indexId":"mf1924","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1924","title":"Map showing geology and rock geochemistry of the Puquio porphyry copper prospect, Santiago de Chocorvos Quadrangle, Peru","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/mf1924","usgsCitation":"Page, N., Huanqui, F., Learned, R.E., Caballero, A., and Guisado, E., 1988, Map showing geology and rock geochemistry of the Puquio porphyry copper prospect, Santiago de Chocorvos Quadrangle, Peru: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1924, 8 maps on 2 sheets ;45 x 59 cm. and 23 x 30 cm., sheets 83 x 109 cm. and 83 x 97 cm., folded in envelope 31 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1924.","productDescription":"8 maps on 2 sheets ;45 x 59 cm. and 23 x 30 cm., sheets 83 x 109 cm. and 83 x 97 cm., folded in envelope 31 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":114788,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1988/1924/report.pdf","size":"35","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":114789,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1988/1924/plate-1.pdf","size":"6115","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":114790,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1988/1924/plate-2.pdf","size":"6024","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":180241,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1988/1924/report-thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.41666666666667,13.866666666666667 ], [ -75.41666666666667,13.933333333333334 ], [ -52.35111111111111,13.933333333333334 ], [ -52.35111111111111,13.866666666666667 ], [ -75.41666666666667,13.866666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aecb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Page, N.J.","contributorId":38125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"N.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huanqui, Fredy","contributorId":58344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huanqui","given":"Fredy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Learned, R. 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S. 0000-0003-4214-3811","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-3811","contributorId":97907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gosen","given":"B.","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":61033,"text":"mf1834E - 1988 - Maps showing anomalous concentrations of zinc, silver, antimony, manganese, barium and strontium in stream sediment and heavy-mineral concentrate from parts of the Ajo and Lukeville 1 degree by 2 degrees quadrangles, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T10:02:01","indexId":"mf1834E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1834","chapter":"E","title":"Maps showing anomalous concentrations of zinc, silver, antimony, manganese, barium and strontium in stream sediment and heavy-mineral concentrate from parts of the Ajo and Lukeville 1 degree by 2 degrees quadrangles, Arizona","docAbstract":"This map is part of a folio of maps of the Ajo and Lukeville 1 degree x 2 degrees quadrangles, Arizona, prepared under the Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program. Other publications in this folio include U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Reports 82-419 (Barton and others, 1982), 82-599 (Klein, 1982), and 830734 (Theobald and Barton, 1983), and Miscellaneous Field Studies Maps MF-1834-A (Peterson and Tosdal, 1986), MF-1834-B (Peterson and others, 1987), MF-1834-C (Theobald and Barton, 1987), and MF-1834-D (Theobald and Barton, 1988). Open-File Reports 82-419 and 83-734 constitute the basic data and initial interpretation on which this discussion is predicated. MF-1834-C and D show the distributions of anomalous concentrations of copper, lead, molybdenum, bismuth, and tungsten.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1834E","usgsCitation":"Theobald, P., and Barton, H.N., 1988, Maps showing anomalous concentrations of zinc, silver, antimony, manganese, barium and strontium in stream sediment and heavy-mineral concentrate from parts of the Ajo and Lukeville 1 degree by 2 degrees quadrangles, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1834, Plate: 48.20 x 39.89 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1834E.","productDescription":"Plate: 48.20 x 39.89 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":326162,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1834E.JPG"},{"id":327547,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1834-E/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,32 ], [ -114,33 ], [ -112,33 ], [ -112,32 ], [ -114,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db604681","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Theobald, P. K.","contributorId":45293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theobald","given":"P. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barton, H. N.","contributorId":99546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":15330,"text":"ofr88469 - 1988 - Chemical analyses of stream sediment in the Tar Creek basin of the Picher mining area, northeast Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:58","indexId":"ofr88469","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-469","title":"Chemical analyses of stream sediment in the Tar Creek basin of the Picher mining area, northeast Oklahoma","docAbstract":"Chemical analyses are presented for 47 sediment samples from the Tar Creek drainage in the Picher mining area of northeast Oklahoma. The samples were taken in December 1983, June 1984, and June 1985. All of the samples were taken downstream from mine-water discharge points of abandoned lead and zinc mines. The 34 samples taken in December 1983 and June 1984 were analyzed semiquantitatively by emission spectrography for 64 elements and quantitatively for cadmium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, lead, sulfur, zinc, and organic carbon. The 13 samples taken in June 1985 were analyzed quantitatively for aluminum, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, phosphorus, lead, sulfur, silicon, titanium, vanadium, zinc, and organic carbon.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr88469","usgsCitation":"Parkhurst, D.L., Doughten, M., and Hearn, 1988, Chemical analyses of stream sediment in the Tar Creek basin of the Picher mining area, northeast Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-469, iii, 13 p. : ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88469.","productDescription":"iii, 13 p. : ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147971,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":996,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/ofr88-469/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4a36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":170966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doughten, Michael","contributorId":18386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doughten","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hearn, Jr. phearn@usgs.gov","contributorId":1950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearn","suffix":"Jr.","email":"phearn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":170967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":59128,"text":"mf1382G - 1988 - Maps showing distribution of copper, lead, zinc, cadmium, and silver in samples of minus-60-mesh (0.25-MM) stream sediment and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral concentrate, Walker Lake 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T10:00:29","indexId":"mf1382G","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1382","chapter":"G","title":"Maps showing distribution of copper, lead, zinc, cadmium, and silver in samples of minus-60-mesh (0.25-MM) stream sediment and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral concentrate, Walker Lake 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, California and Nevada","docAbstract":"This report is part of a folio of maps of the Walker Lake 1o x 2o quadrangle, California and Nevada, prepared under the Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program. The folio includes geological, geochemical, and geophysical maps, as well as mineral resources assessment maps, which identify selected known or possible mineral-deposit environments in the quadrangle. The geochemical maps show the distributions of selected individual elements (Chaffee and others, 1988 a, b, c) and the distributions of selected groups of elements (Chaffee, 1988a, b, c). Discussions accompanying the individual element maps are restricted to mineral residences of the individual elements as well as to what types of mineral deposits and environments may be represented by anomalies of a particular element. Discussions accompanying the multielemental maps describe the types of mineral deposits that may be related to each element group and indicate the most favorable localities for these deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1382G","usgsCitation":"Chaffee, M., Hill, R.H., and Sutley, S.J., 1988, Maps showing distribution of copper, lead, zinc, cadmium, and silver in samples of minus-60-mesh (0.25-MM) stream sediment and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral concentrate, Walker Lake 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, California and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1382, 3 plates: 58.59 x 41.45 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1382G.","productDescription":"3 plates: 58.59 x 41.45 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":183491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1382G.PNG"},{"id":327177,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1382-G/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":327178,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1382-G/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":327179,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1382-G/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120,38 ], [ -120,39 ], [ -118,39 ], [ -118,38 ], [ -120,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605718","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaffee, M.A.","contributorId":108049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaffee","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, R. H.","contributorId":57059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sutley, S. J.","contributorId":91484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutley","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28211,"text":"wri874243 - 1988 - Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in Bowdoin National Wildlife Refuge and adjacent areas of the Milk River basin, northeastern Montana, 1986-87","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-18T19:53:21.286324","indexId":"wri874243","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4243","title":"Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in Bowdoin National Wildlife Refuge and adjacent areas of the Milk River basin, northeastern Montana, 1986-87","docAbstract":"Concentrations of trace elements, radiochemicals, and pesticides in the Bowdoin National Wildlife Refuge lakes generally were not substantially larger than those in the water supplied from Dodson South Canal or in irrigation drainage. Concentrations of arsenic (47 micrograms/L), uranium (43 microg/L), and vanadium (51 microg/L) in Dry Lake Unit, and boron (1,000 microg/L) in Lake Bowdoin were notably larger than at other sites. Zinc concentrations in an irrigation drain (56 microg/L) and two shallow domestic wells (40 and 47 microg/L) were elevated relative to other sites. Concentrations of gross alpha radiation (64 picocuries/L) and gross beta radiation (71 picocuries/L) were elevated in Dry Lake Unit. Pesticides concentrations at all sites were 0.08 microg/L or less. Water use guidelines concentrations for boron, cadmium, uranium, zinc, and gross alpha radiation were slightly exceeded at several sites. In general, trace-constituent concentrations measured in the water do not indicate any potential toxicity problems in Bowdoin National Wildlife Refuge; however, highwater conditions in 1986 probably caused dilution of dissolved constituents compared to recent dry years. Trace element concentrations in bottom sediments of the refuge lakes were generally similar to background concentrations in the soils. The only exception was Dry Lake Unit, which had concentrations of chromium (99 micrograms/g), copper (37 microg/g), nickel (37 microg/g), vanadium (160 microg/g), and zinc (120 microg/g) that were about double the mean background concentrations. The maximum selenium concentration in bottom sediment was 0.6 microg/g. Pesticide concentrations in bottom sediments were less than analytical detection limits at all sites. With few exceptions, concentrations of trace elements and pesticides in biota generally were less than values known to produce harmful effects on growth or reproduction.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874243","usgsCitation":"Lambing, J., Jones, W.E., and Sutphin, J.W., 1988, Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in Bowdoin National Wildlife Refuge and adjacent areas of the Milk River basin, northeastern Montana, 1986-87: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4243, v, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874243.","productDescription":"v, 71 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":412045,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46895.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":57045,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4243/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159590,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4243/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Bowdoin National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.7461,\n 48.4389\n ],\n [\n -107.7461,\n 48.3667\n ],\n [\n -107.5667,\n 48.3667\n ],\n [\n -107.5667,\n 48.4389\n ],\n [\n -107.7461,\n 48.4389\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db626c30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lambing, J. H.","contributorId":100860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambing","given":"J. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, W. E.","contributorId":39021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sutphin, J. W.","contributorId":96305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutphin","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":27192,"text":"wri884206 - 1988 - Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the Boise River from Veterans Memorial Parkway, Boise to Star, Idaho, October 1987 to March 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-21T14:36:57","indexId":"wri884206","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4206","title":"Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the Boise River from Veterans Memorial Parkway, Boise to Star, Idaho, October 1987 to March 1988","docAbstract":"Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the Boise River were examined from October 1987 to March 1988 to determine whether trace elements in effluents from two Boise wastewater treatment facilities were detrimental to aquatic communities. Cadmium, chromium, hexavalent chromium, cyanide, lead, nickel, and silver concentrations in the Boise River were less than or near analytical detection levels and were less than chronic toxicity criteria when detectable. Arsenic, copper, and zinc were detected in concentrations less than chronic toxicity criteria. Concentrations of trace elements in bottom material generally were small and could not be attributed to effluents from wastewater treatment facilities. From October to December 1987, mean density of benthic invertebrates colonizing artificial substrates was from 6,100 individuals/substrate downstream from the West Boise wastewater treatment facility to 14,000 individuals per substrate downstream from the Lander Street wastewater treatment facility. From January to March 1988 , mean density of benthic invertebrates colonizing artificial substrates was from 7,100 individuals per substrate downstream from the West Boise facility to 10,000 individuals per substrate near Star. Insect communities upstream and downstream from the wastewater treatment facilities were strongly associated, and coeffients of community loss indicated that effluents had benign enriching effects. Distribution of mayflies indicates that trace-element concentrations in effluents did not adversely affect intolerant organisms in the Boise River. Condition factor of whitefish was significantly increased downstream from the Lander Street wastewater treatment facility and was significantly decreased downstream from the West Boise wastewater treatment facility.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884206","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with City of Boise","usgsCitation":"Frenzel, S., 1988, Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the Boise River from Veterans Memorial Parkway, Boise to Star, Idaho, October 1987 to March 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4206, iii, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884206.","productDescription":"iii, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"53","temporalStart":"1987-10-01","temporalEnd":"1988-03-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4206/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56067,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4206/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","city":"Boise;Star","otherGeospatial":"Boise River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.5,43.625 ], [ -116.5,44.0 ], [ -116.0,44.0 ], [ -116.0,43.625 ], [ -116.5,43.625 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6857aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frenzel, S.A.","contributorId":9246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frenzel","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1893,"text":"wsp2319 - 1988 - Effect of water quality on survival of Lahontan cutthroat trout eggs in the Truckee River, west-central Nevada and eastern California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":19375,"text":"ofr84437 - 1984 - Effect of water quality on survival of Lahontan Cutthroat trout eggs in the , west-central Nevada and eastern California","indexId":"ofr84437","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Effect of water quality on survival of Lahontan Cutthroat trout eggs in the , west-central Nevada and eastern California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1893,"text":"wsp2319 - 1988 - Effect of water quality on survival of Lahontan cutthroat trout eggs in the Truckee River, west-central Nevada and eastern California","indexId":"wsp2319","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Effect of water quality on survival of Lahontan cutthroat trout eggs in the Truckee River, west-central Nevada and eastern California"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-12T11:44:23","indexId":"wsp2319","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2319","title":"Effect of water quality on survival of Lahontan cutthroat trout eggs in the Truckee River, west-central Nevada and eastern California","docAbstract":"The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has an ongoing program to assess the feasibility of reestablishing naturally spawning populations of Lahontan cutthroat trout in the Truckee River-Pyramid Lake system in Nevada. Previous in situ egg-survival studies have documented a 100 percent mortality of cutthroat trout eggs artificially planted in potential spawning gravels in the Truckee River downstream from Reno. The relation between ambient river-quality conditions and the observed mortality of eggs, however, has not been adequately documented. This study was designed to monitor the quality of surface and intragravel water during a trout-egg incubation period that began March 10, 1980. Five sites were monitored: two upstream from Reno (background sites), one near Reno, and two downstream from Wadsworth. \r\n\r\nAfter an incubation period of about 30 days, poor egg survival was recorded at all sites, including an unexpected high mortality at the upstream background sites. Analyses of the data indicated that the principal cause of egg mortality at the two downstream sites was low concentrations (less than 5 milligrams per liter) of intragravel dissolved oxygen. Low water temperatures, rather than degraded water-quality conditions, largely contributed to the poor survival at the upstream sites. \r\n\r\nBased on the results of this study, the following were considered unlikely to be mortality factors during the incubation period: (1) high water temperatures; (2) toxicity due to ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, arsenic, cadmium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, and zinc; and (3) decreasing intragravel dissolved oxygen caused by inflow of oxygen-poor ground water.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2319","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, R., and Scoppettone, G.G., 1988, Effect of water quality on survival of Lahontan cutthroat trout eggs in the Truckee River, west-central Nevada and eastern California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2319, iv, 21 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2319.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p. ","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":138403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2319/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27182,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2319/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Truckee River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.72052001953125,\n 39.059716474034666\n ],\n [\n -120.72052001953125,\n 40.23550866893913\n ],\n [\n -118.12774658203125,\n 40.23550866893913\n ],\n [\n -118.12774658203125,\n 39.059716474034666\n ],\n [\n -120.72052001953125,\n 39.059716474034666\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6253a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, Ray J.","contributorId":53770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Ray J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scoppettone, Gary G.","contributorId":23925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scoppettone","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27099,"text":"wri884087 - 1988 - Preimpoundment hydrologic conditions in the Swatara Creek (1981-84) and estimated postimpoundment water quality in and downstream from the planned Swatara State Park Reservoir, Lebanon and Schuylkill counties, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-10T18:34:56.459331","indexId":"wri884087","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4087","title":"Preimpoundment hydrologic conditions in the Swatara Creek (1981-84) and estimated postimpoundment water quality in and downstream from the planned Swatara State Park Reservoir, Lebanon and Schuylkill counties, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The hydrology and water quality of Swatara Creek were studied by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, Bureau of State Parks, from July 1981 through September 1984. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of anthracite-coal mining and other point and nonpoint sources on the water quality of a planned 10,500 acre-foot reservoir. The Swatara State Park Reservoir is planned to be used for recreation and drinking-water supply for the city of Lebanon and surrounding communities.\r\n\r\n Annual precipitation during 1982, 1983, and 1984 was about 8 percent below, near normal, and 29 percent above the long-term average, respectively. The average annual precipitation during a year with near-normal precipitation, the 1983 water year, was 47 inches at Pine Grove. Mean streamflows during 1982, 1983, and 1984 were about 15 percent below, 4 percent above, and 50 percent above the long-term average, respectively. The average streamflow to the planned reservoir area during the 1983 water year was about 220 cubic feet per second.\r\n\r\n Inflows to, and downstream discharge from, the planned reservoir wer poorly buffered. Median alkalinity ranged from 4 to 7 mg/L (milligrams per liter) and median acidity ranged from 2 to 5 mg/L at the three sampling locations. Maximum total-recoverable iron, aluminum, and manganese concentrations were 100,000, 66,000, and 2,300 micrograms per liter, respectively. During 1983 the annual discharges of total-recoverable iron, aluminum, and manganese to the planned reservoir area were estimated to be 692, 300, and 95 tons, respectively. About 87 percent of the total-recoverable iron and 91 percent of total-recoverable sluminum measured was in the suspended phase. The data indicated that mine drainage affects the quality of Swatara Creek and will affect the quality of the planned reservoir.\r\n\r\n In addition to mine drainage, point-source nutrient and metal discharges will probably affect the planned reservoir. For example, in September 1983, Swatara Creek was sampled downstream from a point source. A dissolved- phosphorus concentration of 14 mg/L and total ammonia plus organic nitrogen concentration of 8.2 mg/L were measured. At the same location, concentrations of total-recoverable aluminum, chromium, copper, iron, and lead were 35, 300, 110, 1,300, and 32 micrograms per liter, respectively.\r\n\r\n Inflows to the planned Swatara State Park Reservoir are estimated to be acidic and rich in nutrients and select metals. Unless an effort is made to improve the quality of water from point and nonpoint sources, these conditions may impair the planned uses for the reservoir. Conservation releases from the reservoir need to be carefully controlled or these conditions also may degrade the water quality downstream.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884087","usgsCitation":"Fishel, D.K., 1988, Preimpoundment hydrologic conditions in the Swatara Creek (1981-84) and estimated postimpoundment water quality in and downstream from the planned Swatara State Park Reservoir, Lebanon and Schuylkill counties, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4087, Report: vi, 108 p.; 2 Plates: 16.57 × 10.53 inches and 16.40 × 7.99 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884087.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 108 p.; 2 Plates: 16.57 × 10.53 inches and 16.40 × 7.99 inches","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4087/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55964,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4087/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55963,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4087/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55962,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4087/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":389084,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47007.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Swatara Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.6375,\n 40.4569\n ],\n [\n -76.21,\n 40.4569\n ],\n [\n -76.21,\n 40.66\n ],\n [\n -76.6375,\n 40.66\n ],\n [\n -76.6375,\n 40.4569\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e77d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fishel, D. K.","contributorId":72028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishel","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26240,"text":"wri884175 - 1988 - Ground-water flow and quality beneath sewage-sludge lagoons, and a comparison with the ground-water quality beneath a sludge-amended landfill, Marion County, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-06T14:22:45","indexId":"wri884175","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4175","title":"Ground-water flow and quality beneath sewage-sludge lagoons, and a comparison with the ground-water quality beneath a sludge-amended landfill, Marion County, Indiana","docAbstract":"The groundwater beneath eight sewage sludge lagoons, was studied to characterize the flow regime and to determine whether leachate had infiltrated into the glacio-fluvial sediments. Groundwater quality beneath the lagoons was compared with the groundwater quality beneath a landfill where sludge had been applied. The lagoons and landfills overlie outwash sand and gravel deposits separated by discontinuous clay layers. Shallow groundwater flows away from the lagoons and discharges into the White River. Deep groundwater discharges to the White River and flows southwest beneath Eagle Creek. After an accumulation of at least 2 inches of precipitation during 1 week, groundwater flow is temporarily reversed in the shallow aquifer, and all deep flow is along a relatively steep hydraulic gradient to the southwest. The groundwater is predominantly a calcium bicarbonate type, although ammonium accounts for more than 30% of the total cations in water from three wells. Concentrations of sodium, chloride, sulfate, iron, arsenic, boron, chemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, and methylene-blue-active substances indicate the presence of leachate in the groundwater. Concentrations of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, and zinc were less than detection limits. The concentrations of 16 of 19 constituents or properties of groundwater beneath the lagoons are statistically different than groundwater beneath the landfill at the 0.05 level of significance. Only pH and concentrations of dissolved oxygen and bromide are higher in groundwater beneath the landfill than beneath the lagoons.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884175","usgsCitation":"Bobay, K., 1988, Ground-water flow and quality beneath sewage-sludge lagoons, and a comparison with the ground-water quality beneath a sludge-amended landfill, Marion County, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4175, vi, 74 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884175.","productDescription":"vi, 74 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4175/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55041,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4175/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Marion","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.9369,39.9272],[-85.9379,39.87],[-85.9541,39.8696],[-85.9518,39.6969],[-85.9523,39.638],[-86.248,39.6335],[-86.3268,39.6318],[-86.3281,39.8526],[-86.328,39.8662],[-86.325,39.8662],[-86.3267,39.9238],[-86.2967,39.9246],[-86.2757,39.925],[-86.2385,39.9259],[-85.9801,39.9269],[-85.9411,39.9272],[-85.9369,39.9272]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Marion\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cda1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bobay, K.E.","contributorId":22805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bobay","given":"K.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3627,"text":"cir1019 - 1988 - Review of the general geology and solid-phase geochemical studies in the vicinity of the Central Oklahoma aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:34","indexId":"cir1019","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1019","title":"Review of the general geology and solid-phase geochemical studies in the vicinity of the Central Oklahoma aquifer","docAbstract":"The Central Oklahoma aquifer is the principal source of ground water for municipal, industrial, and rural use in central Oklahoma. Ground water in the aquifer is contained in consolidated sedimentary rocks consisting of the Admire, Council Grove, and Chase Groups, Wellington Formation, and Garber Sandstone and in the unconsolidated Quaternary alluvium and terrace deposits that occur along the major stream systems in the study area. The Garber Sandstone and the Wellington Formation comprise the main flow system and, as such, the aquifer is often referred to as the 'Garber-Wellington aquifer.' The consolidated sedimentary rocks consist of interbedded lenticular sandstone, shale, and siltstone beds deposited in similar deltaic environments in early Permian time. Arsenic, chromium, and selenium are found in the ground water of the Central Oklahoma aquifer in concentrations that, in places, exceed the primary drinking-water standards of the Environmental Protection Agency. Gross-alpha concentrations also exceed the primary standards in some wells, and uranium concentrations are uncommonly high in places. \r\n\r\nAs a prerequisite to a surface and subsurface solid-phase geochemical study, this report summarizes the general geology of the Central Oklahoma study area. Summaries of results from certain previously reported solid-phase geochemical studies that relate to the vicinity of the Central Oklahoma aquifer are also given; including a summary of the analytical results and distribution plots for arsenic, selenium, chromium, thorium, uranium, copper, and barium from the U.S. Department of Energy's National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) Program.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/cir1019","usgsCitation":"Mosier, E.L., and Bullock, J., 1988, Review of the general geology and solid-phase geochemical studies in the vicinity of the Central Oklahoma aquifer: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1019, iii, 18 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1019.","productDescription":"iii, 18 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117413,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1988/1019/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30670,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1988/1019/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbe12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mosier, Elwin L.","contributorId":70374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mosier","given":"Elwin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bullock, John H.","contributorId":43336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullock","given":"John H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":13181,"text":"ofr8846 - 1988 - Distribution of gold in porphyry copper deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:55","indexId":"ofr8846","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-46","title":"Distribution of gold in porphyry copper deposits","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr8846","usgsCitation":"Cox, D.P., and Singer, D., 1988, Distribution of gold in porphyry copper deposits: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-46, 23 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8846.","productDescription":"23 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0046/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41577,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0046/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a70e4b07f02db641338","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cox, D. P.","contributorId":82689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singer, D.A.","contributorId":69128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":12231,"text":"ofr88206 - 1988 - Preliminary mineral resource investigation of gold and copper in Yap, Federated States of Micronesia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-15T20:19:03.159673","indexId":"ofr88206","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-206","title":"Preliminary mineral resource investigation of gold and copper in Yap, Federated States of Micronesia","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr88206","usgsCitation":"Rytuba, J.J., Miller, W.R., Arnold, M.A., and Vercoutere, T., 1988, Preliminary mineral resource investigation of gold and copper in Yap, Federated States of Micronesia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-206, iii, 86 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88206.","productDescription":"iii, 86 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391688,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_44953.htm"},{"id":40387,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0206/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0206/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Federated States of Micronesia","otherGeospatial":"Yap","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 137.99171447753906,\n 9.424677117753033\n ],\n [\n 138.25538635253906,\n 9.424677117753033\n ],\n [\n 138.25538635253906,\n 9.651523238693073\n ],\n [\n 137.99171447753906,\n 9.651523238693073\n ],\n [\n 137.99171447753906,\n 9.424677117753033\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cd98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rytuba, J. J.","contributorId":83082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, W. R.","contributorId":92239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arnold, M. A.","contributorId":96697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vercoutere, T. L.","contributorId":102445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vercoutere","given":"T. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}