Methyl bromide (MeBr) is used extensively in agriculture as a soil fumigant and there is growing concern over the role it may play in the depletion of stratospheric ozone. Methyl bromide is applied using various techniques and very little is known about how much of the applied fumigant volatilizes into the atmosphere after the application. This field study was designed to estimate the post-application methyl bromide volatilization loss rates from two different application practices. The fields were approximately 6 km apart in Monterey County, California, and were treated in conformity with local practices as of 1992. The MeBr was injected at a depth of 25 to 30 cm. One field was covered simultaneously with a high-barrier plastic film tarp during the application, and the other was left uncovered, but the furrows made by the injection shanks were bedded over. Volatilization fluxes were estimated using an aerodynamic-gradient technique immediately following the completion of the application process and continued for 9 d for the tarped field and 6 d for the nontarped field. The cumulative volatilization losses from the tarped field were 22% of the nominal application within the first 5 d of the experiment and about 32% of the nominal application within 9 d including the one day after the tarp was removed on Day 8 after application. In contrast, the nontarped field lost 89% of the nominal application by volatilization in 5 d. The volatilization rate from the tarped field was shown to be significantly lower than the nontarped field at a 95% confidence level.
The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of herbicide active and inactive ingredients (primarily volatile organic compounds) at four selected sites in Iowa representing drain tiles, observation wells, or lysimeters. Water samples were collected monthly and bi-monthly before and after herbicide applications in 1991, respectively. They were analyzed for seven herbicides and 32 volatile organic compounds using methods recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Commercially available herbicide formulations also were obtained and analyzed for volatile organic compounds.
\nHerbicides were detected in 50% of water samples, ranging from 78% of water samples from the Ames site to 25% from the Walnut Creek site. Among herbicides detected, listed in decreasing order of frequency, were atrazine > alachlor > cyanazine > metolachlor > metribuzin. Volatile organic compounds were detected in 11% of water samples. Among the compounds detected, listed in decreasing order of frequency, were xylene > toluene > acetone. One sample contained a detectable amount of aliphatic compound(s), with the empirical formula of C8H18. Results from the Deer Creek site showed that herbicides were detected primarily in the top layer (1.2 m), whereas xylene and other alkylbenzenes were detected at 2.1 m or deeper. Apparently, physico-chemical and other factors are separating herbicides and volatile organic compounds in the shallow unsaturated zone.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/BF00482591","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Wang, W., Liszewski, M., Buchmiller, R., and Cherryholmes, K., 1995, Occurrence of active and inactive herbicide ingredients at selected sites in Iowa: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 83, no. 1-2, p. 21-35, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00482591.","startPage":"21","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205760,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object 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\"}}]}","volume":"83","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6bc7e4b0c8380cd748a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, W.","contributorId":76003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liszewski, M.","contributorId":41156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liszewski","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buchmiller, R.","contributorId":12988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchmiller","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cherryholmes, K.","contributorId":67672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherryholmes","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70018919,"text":"70018919 - 1995 - Cooling, degassing and compaction of rhyolitic ash flow tuffs: A computational model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-15T08:37:18","indexId":"70018919","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cooling, degassing and compaction of rhyolitic ash flow tuffs: A computational model","docAbstract":"Previous models of degassing, cooling and compaction of rhyolitic ash flow deposits are combined in a single computational model that runs on a personal computer. The model applies to a broader range of initial and boundary conditions than Riehle's earlier model, which did not integrate heat and mass flux with compaction and which for compound units was limited to two deposits. Model temperatures and gas pressures compare well with simple measured examples. The results indicate that degassing of volatiles present at deposition occurs within days to a few weeks. Compaction occurs for weeks to two to three years unless halted by devitrification; near-emplacement temperatures can persist for tens of years in the interiors of thick deposits. Even modest rainfall significantly chills the upper parts of ash deposits, but compaction in simple cooling units ends before chilling by rainwater influences cooling of the interior of the sheet. Rainfall does, however, affect compaction at the boundaries of deposits in compound cooling units, because the influx of heat from the overlying unit is inadequate to overcome heat previously lost to vaporization of water. Three density profiles from the Matahina Ignimbrite, a compound cooling unit, are fairly well reproduced by the model despite complexities arising from numerous cooling breaks. Uncertainties in attempts to correlate in detail among the profiles may be the result of the non-uniform distribution of individual deposits. Regardless, it is inferred that model compaction is approximately valid. Thus the model should be of use in reconstructing the emplacement history of compound ash deposits, for inferring the depositional environments of ancient deposits and for assessing how long deposits of modern ash flows are capable of generating phreatic eruptions or secondary ash flows.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00301291","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Riehle, J., Miller, T., and Bailey, R., 1995, Cooling, degassing and compaction of rhyolitic ash flow tuffs: A computational model: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 57, no. 5, p. 319-336, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00301291.","productDescription":"18 p. ","startPage":"319","endPage":"336","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226393,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbe2e4b0c8380cd4e009","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riehle, J.R.","contributorId":73573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riehle","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, T.F.","contributorId":8235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bailey, R. A.","contributorId":87531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018890,"text":"70018890 - 1995 - Techniques of contributing-area delineation for analysis of nonpoint-source contamination of Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:14","indexId":"70018890","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2767,"text":"Models for assessing and monitoring groundwater quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Techniques of contributing-area delineation for analysis of nonpoint-source contamination of Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"Ninety shallow monitoring wells on Long Island, N.Y., were used to test the hypothesis that the correlation between the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOC's) at a well and explanatory variables representing land use, population density, and hydrogeologic conditions around the well is affected by the size and shape of the area defined as the contributing area. Explanatory variables are quantified through overlay of various specified contributing areas on 1:24 000-scale landuse and population-density geographic information system (GIS) coverages. Four methods of contributing-area delineation were used: (a) centering a circle of selected radius on the well site, (b) orienting a triangular area along the direction of horizontal ground-water flow to the well, (c) generating a shaped based on direction and magnitude of horizontal flow to the well, and (d) generating a shape based on three-dimensional particle pathlines backtracked from the well screen to the water table. The strongest correlations with VOC detections were obtained from circles of 400- to 1 000-meter radius. Improvement in correlation through delineations based on ground-water flow would require geographic overlay on more highly detailed GIS coverages than those used in the study.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Models for assessing and monitoring groundwater quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Misut, P., 1995, Techniques of contributing-area delineation for analysis of nonpoint-source contamination of Long Island, New York: Models for assessing and monitoring groundwater quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995, v. 227, p. 31-37.","startPage":"31","endPage":"37","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226712,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"227","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba43ae4b08c986b3201b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Misut, P.","contributorId":58788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Misut","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018754,"text":"70018754 - 1995 - Oxidation of dimethylselenide by δMnO2: oxidation product and factors affecting oxidation rate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-21T14:22:56","indexId":"70018754","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxidation of dimethylselenide by δMnO2: oxidation product and factors affecting oxidation rate","docAbstract":"Volatile dimethylselenide (DMSe) was transformed to a nonvolatile Se compound in a ??-MnO2 suspension. The nonvolatile product was a single compound identified as dimethylselenoxide based on its mass spectra pattern. After 24 h, 100% of the DMSe added to a ??-MnO2 suspension was converted to nonpurgable Se as opposed to 20%, 18%, and 4% conversion for chromate, permanganate, and the filtrate from the suspension, respectively. Manganese was found in solution after reaction. These results imply that the reaction between manganese oxide and DMSe was a heterogeneous redox reaction involving solid phase ??-MnO2 and solution phase DMSe. Oxidation of DMSe to dimethylselenoxide [OSe(CH3)2] by a ??-MnO2 suspension appears to be first order with respect to ??-MnO2, to DMSe, and to hydrogen ion with an overall rate law of d[OSe(CH3)2 ]/dt = 95 M-2 min-1 [MnO2]1[DMSe]1[H+]1 for the MnO2 concentration range of 0.89 ?? 10-3 - 2.46 ?? 10-3 M, the DMSe concentration range of 3.9 ?? 10-7 - 15.5 ?? 10-7 M Se, and a hydrogen ion concentation range of 7.4 ?? 10-6 -9.5 ?? 10-8 M. A general surface site adsorption model is consistent with this rate equation if the uncharged |OMnOH is the surface adsorption site. DMSe acts as a Lewis base, and the manganese oxide surface acts as a Lewis acid. DMSe adsorption to |OMnOH can be viewed as a Lewis acid/ base complex between the largely p orbitals of the DMSe lone pair and the unoccupied eg orbitals on manganese oxide. For such a complex, frontier molecular orbital theory predicts electron transfer to occur via an inner-sphere complex between the DMSe and the manganese oxide. ?? 1995 American Chemical Society.","language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es00006a011","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Wang, B., and Burau, R.G., 1995, Oxidation of dimethylselenide by δMnO2: oxidation product and factors affecting oxidation rate: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 29, no. 6, p. 1504-1510, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00006a011.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1504","endPage":"1510","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7265e4b0c8380cd76a89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Bronwen 0000-0003-1044-2227 bwang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1044-2227","contributorId":2351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Bronwen","email":"bwang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burau, Richard G.","contributorId":31128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018728,"text":"70018728 - 1995 - Petrography, geochemistry, and depositional setting of the San Pedro and Santo Tomas coal zones: Anomalous algae-rich coals in the middle part of the Claiborne Group (Eocene) of Webb County, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-01T12:50:23","indexId":"70018728","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrography, geochemistry, and depositional setting of the San Pedro and Santo Tomas coal zones: Anomalous algae-rich coals in the middle part of the Claiborne Group (Eocene) of Webb County, Texas","docAbstract":"Two coal zones, the San Pedro and the overlying Santo Tomas, are present for nearly 35 km in outcrop, surface and underground mines, and shallow drill holes along the strike of the middle part of the Claiborne Group (Eocene) in Webb County, Texas. A sandstone-dominated interval of 25 to 35 m separates the two coal zones, which range up to 3 m in thickness. Each coal zone contains carbonaceous shales, thin (<0.75 m) impure coal beds, and thin (<0.85 m) but commercially significant nonbanded coal beds. The nonbanded coals are different from other Tertiary coals of the Gulf of Mexico Coastal Plain: unlike lignites that are typical of the older Wilcox Group (Paleocene-Eocene) and younger Jackson Group (Eocene), nonbanded coals of the Claiborne Group have high vitrinite-reflectance values (0.53 Rmax) and high calorific yields (average 6670 kcal/kg or 12,000 Btu, dry basis). The coals are weakly agglomerating (free-swelling index is 1.5–2.0) and have an apparent rank of high-volatile bituminous.
The coal-bearing portion of the middle Claiborne Group in the Rio Grande area represents a fining-upward transition from sandstone-dominated, marine-influenced, lower delta plain depositional environments to more inland, mudstone-rich, predominantly freshwater deltaic settings. Discontinuities within the San Pedro coal zone are attributed mainly to the influence of contemporaneous deposition of distributary mouth-bar sand bodies. The less variable nature of the Santo Tomas coal zone reflects its origin in the upper part of an interlobe basin that received only minor clastic influx.
Petrographic attributes of the nonbanded coals indicate that they formed subaqueously in fresh to possibly brackish waters. A highly degraded groundmass composed of eugelinite is the main petrographic component (approximately 71%, mineral-matter-free basis). An enriched liptinite fraction (approximately 23%) probably accounts for unusually high calorific values. There is negligible inertinite. Petrographic study of polished blocks indicates that approximately 10 percent of the nonbanded coal from both coal zones is composed of green algae fructifications, which also occur in clastic rocks of the coal-bearing interval. Such algal material cannot be identified or quantified by conventional coal petrographic techniques that utilize particle pellets or by palynological analyses that include acid preparation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0166-5162(95)00022-4","usgsCitation":"Warwick, P.D., and Hook, R.W., 1995, Petrography, geochemistry, and depositional setting of the San Pedro and Santo Tomas coal zones: Anomalous algae-rich coals in the middle part of the Claiborne Group (Eocene) of Webb County, Texas: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 28, no. 2-4, p. 303-342, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-5162(95)00022-4.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"303","endPage":"342","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227398,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a77b2e4b0c8380cd78562","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":380566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hook, Robert W.","contributorId":26006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hook","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":20559,"text":"ofr95361 - 1995 - Data on quantity and quality of water flowing in drainage systems of dry docks at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, Washington, 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-14T15:45:00.055633","indexId":"ofr95361","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-361","title":"Data on quantity and quality of water flowing in drainage systems of dry docks at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, Washington, 1994","docAbstract":"Data on the quantity and quality of ground water that drains into dry docks at the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard can be useful for planning environmental remediation work at the shipyard. Ground-water discharges into and total drain-water discharges from individual dry docks were computed from a single set of discharges of individual inflowing drains' and outflowing drain-water collection culverts that were measured in June, July and August 1994. Ground-water inflows to dry docks no. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 equalled 0.07, 0.30, 0.29, 0.61, 1.18, and 6.2 cubic feet per second, respectively, and total drain-water discharges from the dry docks equalled 0.07, 0.30, 0.33, 0.61, 1.36, and 11.7 cubic feet per second, respectively. The differences between total outflows and ground-water inflows were mostly cofferdam and floodgate leakage and cooling water from a ship in dry dock no. 6. Observed salinities indicate that 18, 92, 28, 44, 55, and 69 percent of the ground-water inflows to dry docks no. 1 through 6 and 18, 92, 37, 44, 63, and 82 percent of the total outflows from the dry docks was saline water from Sinclair Inlet.
Concentrations of total copper in samples from 36 sites varied from less than 1 to 71 micrograms per liter, and concentrations of total lead varied from less than 1 to 44 micrograms per liter. None of 43 semi-volatile organic compounds that were analyzed for in samples from 19 sites were detected at concentrations greater than the laboratory minimum reporting level (5 or 10 micrograms per liter). A total of 13 volatile organic compounds were found at concentrations greater than laboratory minimum reporting levels (mostly 0.2 microgram per liter) in 8 samples that were analyzed for 63 volatile organic compounds. Trichloroethene and at least three other chlorinated hydrocarbons were found in each sample.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95361","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Department of the Navy Engineering Field Activity, Northwest Naval Facilities Engineering Command","usgsCitation":"Prych, E.A., 1995, Data on quantity and quality of water flowing in drainage systems of dry docks at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, Washington, 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-361, v, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95361.","productDescription":"v, 58 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":19368,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0361/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152767,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0361/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Bremerton","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound Naval Shipyard","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.66321182250977,\n 47.54913099905259\n ],\n [\n -122.62475967407225,\n 47.54913099905259\n ],\n [\n -122.62475967407225,\n 47.56424909302446\n ],\n [\n -122.66321182250977,\n 47.56424909302446\n ],\n [\n -122.66321182250977,\n 47.54913099905259\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bd61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prych, Edmund A.","contributorId":38139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prych","given":"Edmund","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185378,"text":"70185378 - 1995 - Mantle helium in ground waters of eastern North America: Time and space constraints on sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-19T14:38:01.584799","indexId":"70185378","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mantle helium in ground waters of eastern North America: Time and space constraints on sources","docAbstract":"Mantle helium in continental environments is generally considered to be the result of active volcanism and/or active extension. The latest episodes of volcanism in northeastern North America are the track of the New England hotspot (95–190 Ma) and the closure of the Iapetus sea (before 300 Ma). Thus, the identification of mantle helium in young ground waters of central New England is counter to the conventional wisdom. On the basis of evaluation of helium evolution in emplaced magmas, we postulate an “aged” mantle source for the excess helium component in ground waters of central New England that is either (1) a local, near-surface–emplaced, gas-rich magma that has retained significant volatiles (e.g., in fluid inclusions) or (2) a deeply emplaced gas-rich magma with high initial 2He/4He (10−5) and helium transport (with dispersion) through the crust over time. This gas-rich initial condition may support the concept of a volatile-enriched mantle wedge and thus explain the increased buoyancy flux of the New England hotspot as it traversed eastern North America, as has been suggested by others.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0675:MHIGWO>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Torgersen, T., Drenkard, S., Stute, M., Schlosser, P., and Shapiro, A., 1995, Mantle helium in ground waters of eastern North America: Time and space constraints on sources: Geology, v. 23, no. 8, p. 675-678, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0675:MHIGWO>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"675","endPage":"678","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337941,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b95e4b0236b68f8294a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torgersen, T.","contributorId":83297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torgersen","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drenkard, S.","contributorId":89292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drenkard","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stute, M.","contributorId":67234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stute","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schlosser, P.","contributorId":106656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlosser","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shapiro, A.","contributorId":8268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5197,"text":"fs10695 - 1995 - Denver's urban ground-water quality: Nutrients, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-20T16:50:13","indexId":"fs10695","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"106-95","title":"Denver's urban ground-water quality: Nutrients, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds","docAbstract":"A recent study by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) under the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program characterized the ground-water quality in a part of the Denver, Colorado, metropolitan area. The study provides an assessment of water-quality conditions in an alluvial aquifer that drains into the South Platte River. Thirty wells randomly distributed in residential, commercial, and industrial land-use settings were sampled once in 1993 for a broad range of compounds. Nutrients, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds (VOC's), all of which are generally associated with human activities, frequently were detected in the urban wells sampled. Nutrients and VOC's occasionally exceeded drinking-water standards.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs10695","usgsCitation":"Bruce, B.W., 1995, Denver's urban ground-water quality: Nutrients, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 106-95, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs10695.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":31932,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0106/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 106-95"},{"id":122336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0106/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab1e4b07f02db66eaf6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bruce, Breton W. bbruce@usgs.gov","contributorId":1127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruce","given":"Breton","email":"bbruce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30116,"text":"wri954070 - 1995 - Infiltration and quality of water for two arroyo channels, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 1988-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-06T16:15:25","indexId":"wri954070","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4070","title":"Infiltration and quality of water for two arroyo channels, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 1988-92","docAbstract":"Selected reaches of Grant Line Arroyo and Tijeras Arroyo in\r\nAlbuquerque, New Mexico, were studied to collect information \r\nabout the amount and quality of infiltration through arroyo \r\nchannels. Infiltration rate was calculated for selected reaches\r\nof Grant Line Arroyo and Tijeras Arroyo based on instantaneous \r\nstreamflow-loss volumes, wetted channel area, and instantaneous \r\nevaporation rates measured during 1988-92. Infiltration rates at\r\nGrant Line Arroyo ranged from 0.0 to 0.6 foot per day, and at \r\nTijeras Arroyo from 2.28 to 30 feet per day. The evaporation\r\nrate ranged from one-tenth of 1 percent to 2 percent of the \r\ninfiltration rate.\r\n\r\n Infiltration rates differed with the location of the reach \r\nisolated for measurement and with the time of day of the \r\ninfiltration-rate measurement. Differences in intrinsic \r\npermeability of the sediments may be the most important factor \r\naffecting spatial variations in infiltration. The most important\r\nfactor affecting temporal variations in infiltration may be the \r\ntemperature of the water and sediment where infiltration occurs.\r\n\r\n Annual evaporation rates were greatest over saturated stream\r\nsediments and ranged from 802 to 1,025 millimeters per year or \r\nfrom 31.57 to 40.35 inches per year. Annual evaporation rates \r\nwere least over unsaturated, unvegetated soil and ranged from 174\r\nto 291 millimeters per year or from 6.85 to 11.46 inches per\r\nyear. Annual evapotranspiration rates over grasses or shrubs or both \r\nwere about one-half the rates over saturated stream sediments. \r\nRates were similar for Grant Line and Tijeras Arroyos. The land-\r\nsurface vegetation, availability of water at the land surface, \r\navailability of energy to enable a change of state from water to\r\nvapor, existence of a vapor concentration gradient, and a \r\nturbulent atmosphere to carry the vapor away may be the factors \r\nthat determine the amount of evaporation and evapotranspiration.\r\n\r\n Water in Grant Line Arroyo and Tijeras Arroyo met U. S. \r\nEnvironmental Protection Agency drinking-water regulations for \r\nnitrate, volatile organic compounds, dissolved lead, and \r\ndissolved and total arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, \r\niron, silver, zinc, selenium, chloride, and sulfate \r\nconcentrations. Total lead concentration in one sample from \r\nTramway Floodway Channel, a tributary to Tijeras Arroyo, was 55 \r\nmicrograms per liter, exceeding the Environmental Protection \r\nAgency drinking-water regulation of 50 micrograms per liter. \r\nDissolved-solids concentrations calculated from the sum of \r\ncations and anions usually exceeded the Environmental \r\nProtection Agency drinking-water dissolved-solids \r\nregulation of 500 milligrams per liter at Tijeras Arroyo above \r\nFour Hills Bridge.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954070","usgsCitation":"Thomas, C.L., 1995, Infiltration and quality of water for two arroyo channels, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 1988-92: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4070, v, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954070.","productDescription":"v, 63 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":336821,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4070/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4070/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","city":"Albuquerque","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.73698425292969,\n 34.983315402360006\n ],\n [\n -106.41975402832031,\n 34.983315402360006\n ],\n [\n -106.41975402832031,\n 35.21869749632885\n ],\n [\n -106.73698425292969,\n 35.21869749632885\n ],\n [\n -106.73698425292969,\n 34.983315402360006\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c7b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Carole L.","contributorId":50938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Carole","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44753,"text":"wri924148 - 1995 - Three-dimensional advective transport of volatile organic compounds in ground water beneath an industrial/residential area of Nassau County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:57","indexId":"wri924148","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4148","title":"Three-dimensional advective transport of volatile organic compounds in ground water beneath an industrial/residential area of Nassau County, New York","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri924148","usgsCitation":"Smolensky, D.A., and Feldman, S.M., 1995, Three-dimensional advective transport of volatile organic compounds in ground water beneath an industrial/residential area of Nassau County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4148, 53 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924148.","productDescription":"53 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":168888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4148/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":82057,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4148/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b893","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smolensky, Douglas A.","contributorId":105341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smolensky","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feldman, Steven M.","contributorId":104965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feldman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":20702,"text":"ofr94708W - 1995 - Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of volatile organic compounds in water by purge and trap capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T17:36:08.817203","indexId":"ofr94708W","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-708","chapter":"W","title":"Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of volatile organic compounds in water by purge and trap capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94708W","usgsCitation":"Rose, D., and Schroeder, M., 1995, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of volatile organic compounds in water by purge and trap capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-708, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94708W.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":50260,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0708w/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":154738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0708w/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bc15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, D.L.","contributorId":36960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schroeder, M.P.","contributorId":41453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70179408,"text":"70179408 - 1994 - Toxicity of metal-contaminated sediments from the upper Clark Fork River, Montana, to aquatic invertebrates and fish in laboratory exposures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-12T18:18:23.37254","indexId":"70179408","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity of metal-contaminated sediments from the upper Clark Fork River, Montana, to aquatic invertebrates and fish in laboratory exposures","docAbstract":"Sediments of the upper Clark Fork River, from the Butte and Anaconda area to Milltown Reservoir (230 km downstream), are contaminated with As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn, and Zn primarily from mining activities. The toxicity of pore water from these sediments was determined using Daphnia magna (48-h exposure), rainbow trout (96-h exposure), and Microtox®. However, pore-water data from these exposures were questionable because of changes in the toxicity of pore-water samples after 5 to 7 d of storage. Whole-sediment tests were conducted with Hyalella azteca (28-d exposure), Chironomus riparius (14-d exposure), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 21- to 28-d exposure and Daphnia magna (2- to 22-d exposure). Sediment samples from Milltown Reservoir and the Clark Fork River were not generally lethal to test organisms. However, both reduced growth and delayed sexual maturation of amphipods were associated with exposure to elevated concentrations of metals in sediments from the reservoir and river. Relative sensitivity (most sensitive to least sensitive) of organisms in whole-sediment toxicity tests was: Hyalella azteca > Chironomus riparius > rainbow trout > Daphnia magna. Relative sensitivity (most sensitive to least sensitive) of the three end points evaluated with Hyalella azteca was: length > sexual maturation > survival. The lack of lethal effects on organisms may be related to temporal differences in sediment, acid-volatile sulfide, or organic carbon.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620131212","usgsCitation":"Kemble, N.E., Brumbaugh, W.G., Brunson, E., Dwyer, F.J., Ingersoll, C.G., Monda, D.P., and Woodward, D.F., 1994, Toxicity of metal-contaminated sediments from the upper Clark Fork River, Montana, to aquatic invertebrates and fish in laboratory exposures: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 13, no. 12, p. 1985-1997, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620131212.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1985","endPage":"1997","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620131212","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":332707,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Clark Fork River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.02435302734374,\n 45.88044870856469\n ],\n [\n -112.335205078125,\n 45.88044870856469\n ],\n [\n -112.335205078125,\n 46.916503267244835\n ],\n [\n -114.02435302734374,\n 46.916503267244835\n ],\n [\n -114.02435302734374,\n 45.88044870856469\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586781fbe4b0cd2dabe7c73d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kemble, Nile E. 0000-0002-3608-0538 nkemble@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3608-0538","contributorId":2626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemble","given":"Nile","email":"nkemble@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brumbaugh, William G. 0000-0003-0081-375X bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-375X","contributorId":493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","email":"bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brunson, Eric L. 0000-0001-6624-0902 elbrunson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6624-0902","contributorId":3282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brunson","given":"Eric L.","email":"elbrunson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":657143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dwyer, F. James","contributorId":176136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":657144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ingersoll, Christopher G. 0000-0003-4531-5949 cingersoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":2071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Christopher","email":"cingersoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Monda, Dave P.","contributorId":177804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monda","given":"Dave","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":27878,"text":"Pyramid Lake Fisheries, Sutcliffe, Nevada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":657146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Woodward, Daniel F.","contributorId":75455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":19585,"text":"ofr94706W - 1994 - Water-quality conditions and streamflow gain and loss of the South Prong of Spavinaw Creek basin, Benton County, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:07","indexId":"ofr94706W","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-706","chapter":"W","title":"Water-quality conditions and streamflow gain and loss of the South Prong of Spavinaw Creek basin, Benton County, Arkansas","docAbstract":"A study of the South Prong of Spavinaw Creek Basin conducted baween July 14 and July 23. 1993. described the surface- and ground-water quality of the basin and the streamflow gain and loss. Water samples were collected from 10 sites on the mainstem of the South Prong of Spavinaw Creek and from 4 sites on tributaries during periods of low to moderate streamflow (less than 11 cubic feet per second). Water samples were collected from 4 wells and 10 springs located in the basin.\r\n\r\nIn 14 surface-water samples, nitrite plus nitrate concentrations ranged from 0.75 to 4.2 milligrams per liter as nitrogen (mg/L). Orthophosphorus concentrations ranged from 0 03 to O. 15 mg/L as phosphorus. Fecal coliform bacteria counts ranged from 61 to 1,400 colonies per 100 milliliters (col/lOO mL), with a median of 120 col/100 mL. Fecal streptococci bacteria counts ranged from 70 to greater than 2,000 col/100 mL with a median of 185 col/lOO mL. Analysis for selected metals collected at one surface-water sites indicates that concentrations were usually below the reporting limit.\r\n\r\nDiel dissolved oxygen concentrations and temperatures were measured at an upstream and downstream site on the mainstem of the stream. At the upstream site, dissolved oxygen concentrations ranged from 7.2 to 83 mg/L and temperatures ranged from 15.5 to 17.0 C. Dissolved oxygen concentrations were higher and temperature values were lower at lhe upstream site, which is located close to two springs that produce all of the flow at that site.\r\n\r\nDissolved nitrite plus nitrate was present in all four wells sampled in the basin with concentrations ranging from 0.04 to 3.5 mg/L as nitrogen. Orthophosphorus was present in concentrations ranging from less than 0.01 to 0.07 mg/L as phosphorus. Volatile organic compound analyses in two wells indicate that toluene was present in both wells and chloroform was present in one well. All other volatile organic compounds were found to be below the reporting limits. Analysis for common constituents and selected metals indicated that fluoride concentrations in one well exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's primary maximum contamination levels for drinking water.\r\n\r\nAnalyses of water samples collected from springs indicate that nitrite plus nitrate concen- trations ranged from 0.43 to 3.9 mg/L as nitrogen. Dissolved ammonia plus organic nitrogen concentrations ranged from less than 0.20 to 0.64 mg/L as nitrogen. Dissolved ammonia plus organic nitrogen concentrations ranged from less than 0.20 to 0.64 mg/L at nitrogen. Orthophosphorus concentrations ranged from 0.02 to 0.09 mg/L as phosphorus. Fecal coliform bacteria counts ranged from less than 3 to more than 2,000 col/100 mL, with a median of 370 col/100 mL. Fecal streptococci bacteria counts ranged from less than 4 to greater than 2,000 col/100 mL with a median of 435 col/100 mL.\r\n\r\nStreamflow in nine reaches of the mainstream increased an average of 20 percent. Six losing reaches were identified during the study, one located on the mainstem and the other five located on tributaries to the mainstem.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94706W","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arkansas Department of Pollution Control and Ecology","usgsCitation":"Joseph, R.L., and Green, W.R., 1994, Water-quality conditions and streamflow gain and loss of the South Prong of Spavinaw Creek basin, Benton County, Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-706, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94706W.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":151678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0706w/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49055,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0706w/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.66666666666667,36.083333333333336 ], [ -94.66666666666667,36.583333333333336 ], [ -93.83333333333333,36.583333333333336 ], [ -93.83333333333333,36.083333333333336 ], [ -94.66666666666667,36.083333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e488ee4b07f02db51e5c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joseph, Robert L. rljoseph@usgs.gov","contributorId":3482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joseph","given":"Robert","email":"rljoseph@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":181165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, W. Reed","contributorId":87886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Reed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29780,"text":"wri944109 - 1994 - Hydrogeology and ground-water quality of northern Bucks County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-12T09:42:29","indexId":"wri944109","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4109","title":"Hydrogeology and ground-water quality of northern Bucks County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The 187-square mile study area is in the Triassic-Jurassic Newark Basin. Most of the area is underlain by sedimentary rocks of Upper Triassic age (74 percent) and intrusive diabase of Jurassic age (12 percent) and includes two southwest-northeast trending valleys underlain by carbonate and crystalline rock.
\nGround water in the sedimentary rocks of Triassic age moves through a network of interconnecting secondary openings fractures, bedding planes, and joints. The ground-water system consists of beds with a relatively high transmissivity separated by beds with a relatively low transmissivity that form a leaky, multiaquifer system. Ground water is unconfined in the shallower part of the aquifer and confined or semiconfined in the deeper part of the aquifer. Most deep wells are open to several water-bearing zones and are multiaquifer wells.
\nThe frequency of occurrence of water-bearing zones decreases with depth. Sixty-five percent of water-bearing zones for all hydrogeologic units are within 200 feet of land surface, and 85 percent are within 300 feet of land surface. On the basis of the median specific capacity of nondomestic wells, carbonate rocks, the Brunswick Group, and the Stockton Formation are the most productive hydrogeologic units. Carbonate rocks and the Stockton Formation have the highest median nondomestic well yields (156 and 120 gallons per minute, respectively) among the hydrogeologic units. Thirty-four percent of domestic wells drilled in diabase, 30 percent in the Lockatong Formation, and 21 percent in carbonate rock yield less than 5 gallons per minute.
\nAverage water budgets for the Cooks, Tinicum, Paunnacussing, and Mill Creek Basins weighted by drainage area were calculated for 1991-92. Average annual precipitation was 41.7 in. (inches); average annual evapotranspiration (ET) and other losses were 26.2 in. or 63 percent of precipitation; average annual streamflow was 15.9 in., or 38 percent of the average precipitation; and the average annual change in ground-water storage was a decrease of 0.3 in., or less than 1 percent of the average annual precipitation. Average estimated recharge for 1991-92 weighted by drainage area was 10.1 in. [0.485 (Mgal/d)/mi2 (million gallons per day per square mile)]; this is equal to a recharge rate of 758 gallons per day per acre.
\nWater budgets for the Tohickon Creek Basin were calculated for 1968-91 (prior to regulation of the stream by Lake Nockamixon). The average annual precipitation was 47.2 in.; average annual ET and other losses were 24.3 in., or 51 percent of the average annual precipitation; and annual streamflow was 22.6 in., or 48 percent of the average annual precipitation.
\nStreamflow hydrographs for 1991-92 for Cooks, Tinicum, Paunnacussing, and Mill Creeks were separated into baseflow and surface-runoff components. Average annual ground-water discharge to streams weighted by drainage area was 8.4 in. [0.403 (Mgal/d)/mi2], which was 20 percent of the average annual precipitation and 53 percent of the average annual streamflow. Average annual surface runoff weighted by drainage area was 7.4 in., which was 18 percent of the average annual precipitation and 47 percent of the average annual streamflow. Annual base flow for 1936-71 for Tohickon Creek ranged from 2.5 in. [0.12 (Mgal/d)/mi2] in 1965 to 8.4 in. [0.40 (Mgal/d)/mi2] in 1945. The median base flow was 5.3 in. [0.25 (Mgal/d)/mi2].
\nWater from wells in the crystalline rocks has the lowest median pH (5.8), the lowest median specific conductance (139 microsiemens per centimeter), the lowest median alkalinity [16 mg/L (milligrams per liter) as CaCOg], and the highest dissolved oxygen concentration (9.0 mg/L) of the hydrogeologic units. Water from wells in carbonate rocks has the highest median pH (7.8) and the highest median alkalinity (195 mg/L as CaCO3) of the hydrogeologic units. Water from wells in the Lockatong Formation has the highest median specific conductance (428 microsiemens per centimeter) and the lowest dissolved oxygen concentration (0.8 mg/L) of the hydrogeologic units. Water from wells in crystalline rocks contains the lowest concentrations of total dissolved solids (TDS) of the hydrogeologic units. Water from the Lockatong Formation contains the highest concentration of TDS of the hydrogeologic units. Water from only 1 of 83 wells sampled exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) secondary maximum contaminant level (SMCL) for TDS; the well is in the Lockatong Formation. Five of 86 samples (6 percent) and 6 of 75 samples (8 percent) exceed the USEPA SMCL for iron and manganese, respectively. Nitrate is the most prevalent nitrogen species in ground water. The median nitrate concentration for all hydrogeologic units is 2.3 mg/L. Of 71 water samples from wells, no concentrations of nitrate exceed the USEPA maximum contaminant level. The median dissolved radon-222 activity was highest for water samples from wells in crystalline rock [3,600 pCi/L (picocuries per liter)] and lowest for water samples from wells in the Lockatong Formation (340 pCi/L) and diabase (350 pCi/L). Water samples for analysis for volatile organic compounds (VOC's) were collected from 34 wells in areas where the potential existed for the presence of VOC's in ground water. VOC's were detected in 23 percent of the 34 wells sampled. The most commonly detected compound was trichloroethylene (13 percent of sampled wells).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944109","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with New Hope Borough and Bridgeton, Buckingham, Nockamixon, Plumstead, Solebury, Springfield, Tinicum, and Wrightstown townships","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R.A., and Schreffler, C.L., 1994, Hydrogeology and ground-water quality of northern Bucks County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4109, Report: viii, 85 p.; 1 Plate: 36.71 x 38.57 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944109.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 85 p.; 1 Plate: 36.71 x 38.57 inches","numberOfPages":"93","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313236,"rank":301,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4109/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"},{"id":58583,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4109/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":119628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4109/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Bucks 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Ronald A. rasloto@usgs.gov","contributorId":424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"Ronald","email":"rasloto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schreffler, Curtis L. clschref@usgs.gov","contributorId":333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreffler","given":"Curtis","email":"clschref@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":202113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":19586,"text":"ofr94537 - 1994 - Water-quality reconnaissance and streamflow gain and loss of Yocum Creek basin, Carroll County, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-20T20:58:28.283281","indexId":"ofr94537","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-537","title":"Water-quality reconnaissance and streamflow gain and loss of Yocum Creek basin, Carroll County, Arkansas","docAbstract":"A study of the Yocum Creek Basin conducted between July 27 and August 3, 1993, described the surface- and ground-water quality of the basin and the streamflow gain and loss. Water samples were collected from 12 sites on the main stem of Yocum Creek and 2 tributaries during periods of low to moderate streamflow (less than 40 cubic feet per second). Water samples were collected from 5 wells and 12 springs located in the basin. In 14 surface- water samples, nitrite plus nitrate concentrations ranged from 1.3 to 3.8 milligrams per liter as nitrogen. Orthophosphorus concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 0.06 milligrams per liter as phosphorous. Fecal coliform bacteria counts ranged from 9 to 220 colonies per 100 milliliters, with a median of 49 colonies per 100 milliliters. Fecal streptococci bacteria counts ranged from 37 to 1,500 colonies per 100 milliliters with a median of 420 colonies per 100 milliliters. Analyses for selected metals collected near the mouth of Yocum Creek indicate that metals are not present in significant concen- trations in surface-water samples. Diel dissolved oxygen concentrations and temperatures were measured at two sites on the mainstem of the stream. At the upstream site, dissolved oxygen concentrations ranged from 6.2 to 9.9 milligrams per liter and temperatures ranged from 18.5 to 23.0 degrees Celsius. Dissolved oxygen concentrations were higher and tempentture values were lower at the upstream site than those at the downstream site. Five wells were sampled in the basin and dissolved ammonia was present in concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.07 milligrams per liter as nitrogen. Dissolved nitrite plus nitrate was present in wells, with concen- trations ranging from less than 0.02 to 6.0 milligrams per liter as nitrogen. Volatile organic compound samples were collected at two wells and two springs. Chloroform was the only volatile organic compound found to be above the detection limit. Analysis indicated that 0.2 micrograms per liter of chloroform was present in one spring-water sample. In springs sampled, nitrite plus nitrate concen- trations ranged from 1.4 to 7.0 milligrams per llter as nitrogen. Dissolved ammonia plus organic nitrogen concentrations ranged from less than 0.2 to 0.49 milligrams per liter as nitrogen. Orthophosphorus concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 0.07 milligrams per liter as phosphorus. Fecal colfform bacteria counts ranged from 3 to 200 colonies per 100 milliliters, with a median of 18 colonies per 100 milliliters. Fecal streptococci bacteria counts ranged from 110 to more than 2,000 colonies per 100 milliliters with a median of 350 colonies per 100 milliliters. Large producing springs 1ocated in the mid to upper reaches of the basin contribute most of the flow to Yocum Creek. Streamflow increased an average of 29 percent on the mainstem of the stream. One losing reach was discovered on the mainstem of the stream and two losing reaches on tributaries to the mainstem. Surface flow steadily decreased along these reaches to the point where surface flow was not present, and the streambed became dry. These observations suggest that significant interaction exists between the underlying Springfield aquifer and surface flow in the Yocum Creek Basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94537","usgsCitation":"Joseph, R.L., and Green, W.R., 1994, Water-quality reconnaissance and streamflow gain and loss of Yocum Creek basin, Carroll County, Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-537, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94537.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":407093,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12553.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":49056,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0537/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":151908,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0537/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","county":"Carroll County","otherGeospatial":"Yocum Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.514,\n 36.163\n ],\n [\n -93.323,\n 36.163\n ],\n [\n -93.323,\n 36.514\n ],\n [\n -93.514,\n 36.514\n ],\n [\n -93.514,\n 36.163\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a63f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joseph, Robert L. rljoseph@usgs.gov","contributorId":3482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joseph","given":"Robert","email":"rljoseph@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":181167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, W. Reed","contributorId":87886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Reed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":17243,"text":"ofr94381 - 1994 - Hydrologic data for northern Bucks County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-13T10:26:56","indexId":"ofr94381","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-381","title":"Hydrologic data for northern Bucks County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Hydrologic and water-quality data were collected in northern Bucks County, Pa., as part of a study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Bridgeton, Buckingham, Nockamixon, Plumstead, Solebury, Springfield, Tinicum, and Wrightstown Townships and New Hope Borough. Hydrologic data on ground water and surface water were collected to provide basic information on the quality and quantity of water resources in northern Bucks County. \r\n\r\n Ground-water data include descriptions of 1,357 wells and water levels for 28 observation wells measured during 1990-93. Ground-water-quality analyses for 117 wells include physical properties and concentrations of major ions, nutrients, selected metals and other trace constituents, radon, and volatile organic compounds. Surface-water data include chemical analyses of water samples collected at sites on Beaver Creek, Crooks Creek, Geddes Run, Little Tinicum Creek, Paunnacussing Creek, Pidcock Creek, Rapp Creek, Smithtown Creek, and Tinicum Creek.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94381","usgsCitation":"Schreffler, C.L., McManus, B., Rowland-Lesitsky, C.J., and Sloto, R., 1994, Hydrologic data for northern Bucks County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-381, iv, 90 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94381.","productDescription":"iv, 90 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":149360,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0381/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":21610,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0381/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46392,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0381/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c80e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schreffler, Curtis L. clschref@usgs.gov","contributorId":333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreffler","given":"Curtis","email":"clschref@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":175571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McManus, B. C.","contributorId":45731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McManus","given":"B. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowland-Lesitsky, C. J.","contributorId":52982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland-Lesitsky","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sloto, R. A.","contributorId":36155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":20351,"text":"ofr9468 - 1994 - Rainfall, streamflow, and water-quality data for five small watersheds, Nashville, Tennessee, 1990-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:46","indexId":"ofr9468","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-68","title":"Rainfall, streamflow, and water-quality data for five small watersheds, Nashville, Tennessee, 1990-92","docAbstract":"Rainfall, streamflow, and water-quality data were collected furing storm conditions at five urban watersheds in Nashville, Tennessee. These data can be used to build a database for developing predictive models of the relations between storm- water quality and land use, storm characteristics, and seasonal variations. The primary land and mix of land uses was different for each watershed. Stormwater samples were collected during three storms at each watershed and analyzed for selected volatile, acidic and base/neutral organic compounds; organic pesticides; trace metals; conventional pollutants; and several physical properties. Storm loads were computed for all constituents and properties with event mean concentration above the minimum reporting level. None of the samples con- tained acidic organic compounds at concentrations above the minimum reporting levels. Several constituents in each of the other categories, however, were present at concentrations above the minimum reporting level. For 21 of these constituents, water-quality criteria have been pro- mulgated by the State of Tennessee. For only 8 of the 21 did the value exceed the most restrictive of the criteria: pyrene, dieldrin, and mercury concen- trations and counts of fecal coliform exceeded the criteria for recreational use, copper and zinc concentrations and pH value exceeded the criteria for fish and aquatic life, and lead concentrations exceeded the criteria for domestic supply.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9468","usgsCitation":"Outlaw, G.S., Hoos, A.B., and Pankey, J.T., 1994, Rainfall, streamflow, and water-quality data for five small watersheds, Nashville, Tennessee, 1990-92: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-68, iv, 43 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9468.","productDescription":"iv, 43 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1142,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr_94-68","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":153092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b5ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Outlaw, George S.","contributorId":88767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Outlaw","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoos, Anne B. abhoos@usgs.gov","contributorId":2236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoos","given":"Anne","email":"abhoos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":182502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pankey, John T.","contributorId":105750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pankey","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":19541,"text":"ofr94509 - 1994 - Hydrologic, water-quality, and meteorologic data from selected sites in the Upper Catawba River Basin, North Carolina, January 1993 through March 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T11:47:32","indexId":"ofr94509","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-509","title":"Hydrologic, water-quality, and meteorologic data from selected sites in the Upper Catawba River Basin, North Carolina, January 1993 through March 1994","docAbstract":"Hydrologic, water-quality, and meteorologic data were collected from January 1993 through March 1994 as part of a water-quality investigation of the Upper Catawba River Basin, North Carolina. Specific objectives of the investigation were to characterize the water quality of Rhodhiss Lake, Lake Hickory, and three tributary streams, and to calibrate hydrodynamic water-quality models for the two reservoirs.\r\n\r\nSampling locations included 11 sites in Rhodhiss Lake, 14 sites in Lake Hickory, and 3 tributary sites. Tributary sites were located at Lower Creek upstream from Rhodhiss Lake and at Upper Little River and Middle Little River upstream from Lake Hickory. During 21 sampling visits, specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved-oxygen concentration, and water transparency were measured at all sampling locations. Water samples were collected for analysis of biochemical oxygen demand, fecal coliform bacteria, hardness, alkalinity, total and volatile suspended solids, suspended sediment, nutrients, total organic carbon, chlorophyll, iron, calcium, and magnesium from three sites in each reservoir and from the three tributary sites. Chemical and particle-size analyses of bottom material from Rhodhiss Lake and Lake Hickory were performed once during the study. At selected locations, automated instruments recorded water level, streamflow, water temperature, solar radiation, and air temperature at 15-minute intervals throughout the study.\r\n\r\nHydrologic data presented in the report include monthly water-level statistics and daily mean values of discharge. Diagrams, tables, and statistical summaries of water-quality data are provided. Meteorologic data in the report include monthly precipitation, and daily mean values of solar radiation and air temperature.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS ESIC, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94509","usgsCitation":"Jaynes, M., 1994, Hydrologic, water-quality, and meteorologic data from selected sites in the Upper Catawba River Basin, North Carolina, January 1993 through March 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-509, iv, 77 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94509.","productDescription":"iv, 77 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":152211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0509/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49012,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0509/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Upper Catawba River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.07841491699219,\n 35.745397676018534\n ],\n [\n -81.05987548828125,\n 35.7944246009799\n ],\n [\n -81.07429504394531,\n 35.846760876811395\n ],\n [\n -81.12579345703125,\n 35.917971791312816\n ],\n [\n -81.17660522460938,\n 36.030221194310705\n ],\n [\n -81.22879028320312,\n 36.04077109130517\n ],\n [\n -81.32560729980469,\n 36.03244234269516\n ],\n [\n -81.45538330078125,\n 35.97633917493598\n ],\n [\n -81.50413513183594,\n 35.940212068887455\n ],\n [\n -81.55288696289062,\n 35.92909271208457\n ],\n [\n -81.65863037109375,\n 35.9974519815276\n ],\n [\n -81.78291320800781,\n 36.00300704420516\n ],\n [\n -81.93260192871094,\n 36.017448375720896\n ],\n [\n -81.98959350585936,\n 35.98356261296409\n ],\n [\n -82.01774597167969,\n 35.92353244718235\n ],\n [\n -82.01019287109375,\n 35.84787403967154\n ],\n [\n -82.01019287109375,\n 35.77994251888403\n ],\n [\n -82.09259033203125,\n 35.705819838018655\n ],\n [\n -82.14752197265625,\n 35.68407153314097\n ],\n [\n -82.27420806884766,\n 35.576358049114944\n ],\n [\n -82.26322174072264,\n 35.56686337967425\n ],\n [\n -82.2052001953125,\n 35.54116627999815\n ],\n [\n -82.100830078125,\n 35.567980458012094\n ],\n [\n -82.0184326171875,\n 35.59031875398378\n ],\n [\n -81.8865966796875,\n 35.47856499535729\n ],\n [\n -81.65176391601562,\n 35.6517169333161\n ],\n [\n -81.43478393554688,\n 35.687417812220446\n ],\n [\n -81.309814453125,\n 35.69634053686435\n ],\n [\n -81.07841491699219,\n 35.745397676018534\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688868","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jaynes, M.L.","contributorId":45736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaynes","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27004,"text":"wri944065 - 1994 - Yields of selected constituents in base flow and stormflow in urban watersheds of Jefferson County, Kentucky, 1988-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:41","indexId":"wri944065","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4065","title":"Yields of selected constituents in base flow and stormflow in urban watersheds of Jefferson County, Kentucky, 1988-92","docAbstract":"Mean annual base-flow and stormflow yields of selected water-quality constituents from urban watersheds of Jefferson County, Kentucky, were estimated for 1988-92 to help describe the pro portions of constituent transport from point and nonpoint sources. Yield estimates were based on streamflow and water-quality data collected from a network of 25 stream sites in the county. Water- quality data for which estimates of base-flow and stormflow yields were computed include dissolved oxygen and oxygen demand, dissolved solids, suspended and volatile solids, nutrients, metals, and synthetic organic compounds. Transport of most constituents occurred primarily during stormflow. Chemical oxygen demand was related to the amount of industrial land use in each watershed, nitrite and phosphorus yields were inversely proportional to the amount of nonurban and commercial land use in each watershed, and zinc yields were inversely related to the degree of nonurban land use in each watershed.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, ESIC Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944065","usgsCitation":"Evaldi, R., and Moore, B., 1994, Yields of selected constituents in base flow and stormflow in urban watersheds of Jefferson County, Kentucky, 1988-92: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4065, v, 70 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944065.","productDescription":"v, 70 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119973,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4065/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55891,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4065/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de3ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evaldi, R. D.","contributorId":93909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evaldi","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":197394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, B.L.","contributorId":96281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29451,"text":"wri944062 - 1994 - Quality of ground water around Vadnais Lake and in Lambert Creek watershed, and interaction of ground water with Vadnais Lake, Ramsey County, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T11:21:34","indexId":"wri944062","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4062","title":"Quality of ground water around Vadnais Lake and in Lambert Creek watershed, and interaction of ground water with Vadnais Lake, Ramsey County, Minnesota","docAbstract":"Vadnais Lake is located in northern Ramsey County, Minnesota. The lake is managed by the St. Paul Water Utility for storage of municipal water supplies that are provided to residents of St. Paul and surrounding communities. In recent years, algal blooms in Vadnais Lake have caused taste and odor problems in St. Paul's municipal water supply. This problem has potentially been exacerbated by phosphorus enrichment of the lake from surface-water transport and from nutrient recycling between the lake and bottom sediments. Phosphorus loading in Vadnais Lake has been linked to increased algal growth. Surface-water drainage from supply lakes and, during wet years, from wetlands in Lambert Creek watershed, which extends over about 20 square miles east of the lake, is known to be a significant source of phosphorus. The role of ground water in the phosphorus budget of the lake was unknown. The results of this study indicate that ground-water transport of phosphorus into Vadnais Lake is a small part of the phosphorus budget of the lake.
\nSeepage into and out of Vadnais Lake was estimated by the following methods: (1) interpretation of the hydraulic conductivities of glacial deposits around the lake and of the hydraulic gradients between ground water in these deposits and the lake; and (2) interpretation of the hydraulic conductivities of lakebed materials and of the hydraulic gradients between ground water in the lakebed and the lake. The estimated net annual seepage out of the lake determined by the second method of 9.56 x 107 feet3 per year was greater by an order of magnitude than the value determined by the first method, which was 7.63 x 106 feet3 per year.
\nThe net seepage out of Vadnais Lake was a small part of the lake water budget. Inflow to the lake is mostly streamflow from Sucker Creek, which is water from the Mississippi River routed through a series of lakes. Outflow from the lake is mostly withdrawals by the St Paul Water Utility. The net seepage out of the lake between spring and winter was from less than 1 to about 4 percent of the total loss attributed to withdrawals and evaporation.
\nThe quality of the ground water in the study area was similar to the quality measured in shallow glacial-drift aquifers throughout Minnesota. Calcium magnesium bicarbonate water was the dominant type. Concentrations of volatile organic compounds in ground-water samples were below detection limits. The concentration of total phosphorus in ground-water samples generally was below 0.15 milligrams per liter.
\nThe results of the seepage analysis and ground-water quality evaluation indicate that the effect of the quality of the surrounding ground water on the quality of Vadnais Lake probably was small. Ground water that discharged to the lake generally had lower concentrations of calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, and total dissolved solids than the lake. The mixing of ground water with the lake slightly diluted the lake with respect to these constituents.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri944062","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the St. Paul Water Utility and the Vadnais Lake Area Watershed Management Organization","usgsCitation":"Ruhl, J.F., 1994, Quality of ground water around Vadnais Lake and in Lambert Creek watershed, and interaction of ground water with Vadnais Lake, Ramsey County, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4062, vi, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944062.","productDescription":"vi, 59 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58296,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4062/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4062/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Vadnais Lake and Lambert Creek watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.10604095458984,\n 45.04199287723725\n ],\n [\n -93.10604095458984,\n 45.108181031163305\n ],\n [\n -92.98828125,\n 45.108181031163305\n ],\n [\n -92.98828125,\n 45.04199287723725\n ],\n [\n -93.10604095458984,\n 45.04199287723725\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db655151","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruhl, J. F.","contributorId":81866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29536,"text":"wri924122 - 1994 - Contamination of shallow ground water in the area of building 95, Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey, 1985-90","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-08T13:23:53","indexId":"wri924122","displayToPublicDate":"1995-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4122","title":"Contamination of shallow ground water in the area of building 95, Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey, 1985-90","docAbstract":"A zone of contaminated ground water at Picatinny Arsenal has resulted from the operation of a metal- plating facility in building 95 during 1960-81, and the wastewater-treatment system that is in and adjacent to the building. Thirty-two monitoring wells were installed in 1989 to supplement 12 previously installed wells. All wells were sampled in 1989 and 1990 for analysis of ground water for inorganic constituents, trace elements, volatile organic compounds, and nutrients. Four wells also were sampled for analysis for base/neutral- and acid-extractable compounds and pesticides, and soil gas from the unsaturated zone at eight sites was analyzed for volatile organic compounds. Concentrations of dissolved solids and sulfate in the study area were consistently above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's secondary drinking-water regulations. The areal distribution of sulfate differed from that of the volatile organic compounds. Concentrations of trace elements were not elevated downgradient from the source. The estimated average velocity of contaminant movement is 0.1 to 1.1 feet per day. The major organic contaminants identified in the study area are trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane. Trichloroethylene was detected in wells upgradient from the wastewater- treatment site. Tetrachloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane might originate at tanks in the basement of building 95 rather than at the adjacent wastewater-treatment system. The pre- dominant gas-phase contaminant, 1,1,1- trichloroethane, was detected at a maximum con- centration of 15.7 micrograms per liter. Both trichoroethylene and tetrachloroethylene were detected in concentrations greater than 0.10 micrograms per liter in five of the eight soil- gas samples, indicating that volatilization and diffusion through the unsaturated zone could be a significant mechanism of contaminant loss from the aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri924122","usgsCitation":"Sargent, B., and Storck, D.A., 1994, Contamination of shallow ground water in the area of building 95, Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey, 1985-90: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4122, vi, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924122.","productDescription":"vi, 72 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58372,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4122/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4122/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey 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