We describe high-resolution gravity and seismic refraction surveys acquired to determine the thickness of valley-fill deposits and to delineate geologic structures that might influence groundwater flow beneath the Smoke Tree Wash area in Joshua Tree National Park. These surveys identified a sedimentary basin that is fault-controlled. A profile across the Smoke Tree Wash fault zone reveals low gravity values and seismic velocities that coincide with a mapped strand of the Smoke Tree Wash fault. Modeling of the gravity data reveals a basin about 2–2.5 km long and 1 km wide that is roughly centered on this mapped strand, and bounded by inferred faults. According to the gravity model the deepest part of the basin is about 270 m, but this area coincides with low velocities that are not characteristic of typical basement complex rocks. Most likely, the density contrast assumed in the inversion is too high or the uncharacteristically low velocities represent highly fractured or weathered basement rocks, or both. A longer seismic profile extending onto basement outcrops would help differentiate which scenario is more accurate. The seismic velocities also determine the depth to water table along the profile to be about 40–60 m, consistent with water levels measured in water wells near the northern end of the profile.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161027","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V.E., Rymer, M.J., Catchings, R.D., Goldman, M.R., Watt, J.T., Powell, R.E., and Matti, J.C., 2016, High-resolution gravity and seismic-refraction surveys of the Smoke Tree Wash Area, Joshua Tree National Park, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1027, 15 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161027.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 15 p.; Dataset; Metadata; Read Me","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-070548","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318441,"rank":4,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1027/ofr20161027_readme.txt","size":"4 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":318440,"rank":3,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1027/ofr20161027_metadata.txt","size":"10 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":318439,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1027/ofr20161027.pdf","text":"Report","size":"700 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1027 Report PDF"},{"id":318438,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1027/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":318442,"rank":5,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1027/ofr20161027_iso_all.txt","text":"Gravity Data","size":"11 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Joshua Tree National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.8745,\n 33.7498\n ],\n [\n -115.8745,\n 33.8402\n ],\n [\n -115.7667,\n 33.8402\n ],\n [\n -115.7667,\n 33.7498\n ],\n [\n -115.8745,\n 33.7498\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"GMEG staff, Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center
Menlo Park, California
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/gmeg/
Agassiz’s desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii, was considered a single species for 150 years after its discovery by James Cooper (1861), with a geographic range extending from southeastern California, southern Nevada, and southwestern Utah southward into northern Sinaloa, Mexico (Murphy and others, 2011). What was once G. agassizii is now recognized as a complex composed of three sister species, G. agassizii, G. morafkai, and G. evgoodei (Murphy and others, 2011; Edwards and others, 2016) (fig. 1). The geographic range of Agassiz’s Desert Tortoise (G. agassizii) is now limited to north and west of the Colorado River (Murphy and others, 2011), with the exception of a small population in northwestern Arizona (Edwards and others, 2015). This annotated bibliography is based on peer-reviewed journal articles published between January 1991 and December 2015 on Agassiz’s Desert Tortoise, with the geographic range as defined by Murphy and others (2011). Studies pertaining to other species of Gopherus (e.g., G. morafkai), were included only when associated with G. agassizii. In addition to articles pertaining directly to desert tortoises, we compiled articles concerning threats to desert tortoises and the habitats they occupy. Similarly, we only included studies that encompass other habitat types when they were directly compared with habitats of G. agassizii.
\nAgassiz’s Desert Tortoise (hereinafter called desert tortoise) is a state- and federally-listed threatened species (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1990; California Department of Fish and Game, 2015). The first population federally listed as threatened occurred on the Beaver Dam Slope, Utah (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1980). In 1990, the entire geographic range north and west of the Colorado River was federally listed as threatened (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1990), with the exception being a small population in northwestern Arizona. The purpose of this annotated bibliography is to support recovery efforts for the species, because populations have continued to decline in spite of designation of critical habitat and publication of a recovery plan (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1994). For example, between 2005 and 2014, populations in critical habitats declined about 50% (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2015).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161023","usgsCitation":"Berry, K.H., Lyren, L.M., Mack, J.S., Brand, L.A., and Wood, D.A., 2016, Desert tortoise annotated bibliography, 1991–2015: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016-1023, 312 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161023.","productDescription":"iv, 312 p.","numberOfPages":"320","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071164","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318474,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1023/ofr20161023.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1023"},{"id":318473,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1023/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
http://www.werc.usgs.gov/
Lake Spokane, locally referred to as Long Lake, is a 24-mile-long section of the Spokane River impounded by Long Lake Dam that has, in recent decades, experienced water-quality problems associated with eutrophication. Consumption of oxygen by the decomposition of aquatic plants that have proliferated because of high nutrient concentrations has led to seasonally low dissolved oxygen concentrations in the lake. Of nitrogen and phosphorus, the two primary nutrients necessary for aquatic vegetation growth, phosphorus was previously identified as the limiting nutrient that regulates the growth of aquatic plants and, thus, dissolved oxygen concentrations in Lake Spokane. Phosphorus is delivered to Lake Spokane from municipal and industrial point-source inputs to the Spokane River upstream of Lake Spokane, but is also conveyed by groundwater and surface water from nonpoint-sources including septic tanks, agricultural fields, and wildlife. In response, the Washington State Department of Ecology listed Lake Spokane on the 303(d) list of impaired water bodies for low dissolved oxygen concentrations and developed a Total Maximum Daily Load for phosphorus in 1992, which was revised in 2010 because of continuing algal blooms and water-quality concerns.
This report evaluates the concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen in shallow groundwater discharging to Lake Spokane to determine if a difference exists between nutrient concentrations in groundwater discharging to the lake downgradient of residential development with on-site septic systems and downgradient of undeveloped land without on-site septic systems. Elevated nitrogen isotope values (δ15N) within the roots of aquatic vegetation were used as an indicator of septic-system derived nitrogen. δ15N values were measured in August and September 2014 downgradient of residential development near the lakeshore, of residential development on 300-ft-high terraces above the lake, and of undeveloped land in the eastern (upper) and central (lower) parts of Lake Spokane. Significantly lower δ15N values were measured within aquatic vegetation downgradient of undeveloped land in eastern Lake Spokane relative to both near-shore and terrace residential development land uses. Conversely, significantly higher δ15N values were measured downgradient of undeveloped land in central Lake Spokane relative to the two developed land uses. These results guided the location of subsequent groundwater sampling in March and April 2015 from 30 shallow piezometers driven into the near-shore area of Lake Spokane. Nitrate plus nitrite concentrations in groundwater discharging to Lake Spokane downgradient of undeveloped areas were significantly lower than those measured downgradient of both near-shore and terrace residential development. Orthophosphate concentrations in groundwater were not significantly different with respect to upgradient land use.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161029","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Washington State Department of Ecology","usgsCitation":"Gendaszek, A.S., Cox, S.E., and Spanjer, A.R., 2016, Preliminary characterization of nitrogen and phosphorus in groundwater discharging to Lake Spokane, northeastern Washington, using stable nitrogen isotopes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016-1029, 22 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161029.","productDescription":"vi, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068545","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318436,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1029/ofr20161029.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1029 PDF"},{"id":318435,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1029/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lake Spokane","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.83935546874999,\n 47.77694420640404\n ],\n [\n -117.83935546874999,\n 47.897930761804936\n ],\n [\n -117.53002166748047,\n 47.897930761804936\n ],\n [\n -117.53002166748047,\n 47.77694420640404\n ],\n [\n -117.83935546874999,\n 47.77694420640404\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Washington Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
934 Broadway, Suite 300
Tacoma, Washington 98402
http://wa.water.usgs.gov
The Landscape Fire and Resource Management Planning Tools (LANDFIRE) 2010 data release provides updated and enhanced vegetation, fuel, and fire regime layers consistently across the United States. The data represent landscape conditions from approximately 2010 and are the latest release in a series of planned updates to maintain currency of LANDFIRE data products. Enhancements to the data products included refinement of urban areas by incorporating the National Land Cover Database 2006 land cover product, refinement of agricultural lands by integrating the National Agriculture Statistics Service 2011 cropland data layer, and improved wetlands delineations using the National Land Cover Database 2006 land cover and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wetlands Inventory data. Disturbance layers were generated for years 2008 through 2010 using remotely sensed imagery, polygons representing disturbance events submitted by local organizations, and fire mapping program data such as the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity perimeters produced by the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Forest Service. Existing vegetation data were updated to account for transitions in disturbed areas and to account for vegetation growth and succession in undisturbed areas. Surface and canopy fuel data were computed from the updated vegetation type, cover, and height and occasionally from potential vegetation. Historical fire frequency and succession classes were also updated. Revised topographic layers were created based on updated elevation data from the National Elevation Dataset. The LANDFIRE program also released a new Web site offering updated content, enhanced usability, and more efficient navigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161010","usgsCitation":"Nelson, K.J., Long, D.G., and Connot, J.A., 2016, LANDFIRE 2010—Updates to the national dataset to support improved fire and natural resource management: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, 2016–1010, 48 p, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161010. ","productDescription":"x, 48 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063923","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318398,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1010/ofr20161010.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.54 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1010"},{"id":318397,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1010/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, U.S. Geological Survey
Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198-0001
The Altoona Water Authority (AWA) obtains all of its water supply from headwater streams that drain western Blair County, an area underlain in part by black shale of the Marcellus Formation. Development of the shale-gas reservoirs will require new access roads, stream crossing, drill-pad construction, and pipeline installation, activities that have the potential to alter existing stream channel morphology, increase runoff and sediment supply, alter streamwater chemistry, and affect aquatic habitat. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Altoona Water Authority and Blair County Conservation District, investigated the water quality of 12 headwater streams and biotic health of 10 headwater streams.
\nChannel morphology was characterized at 10 of 12 stream sites using 500-foot (minimum) longitudinal profiles, four cross-sections each, and pebble counts. Channel slopes ranged from 0.008 in Poplar Run near Newry to 0.045 in Mill Run. In general, streams draining watersheds of 5 square miles or less and at higher elevation had the steepest slopes. On the basis of the median particle size, determined during pebble counts, the streambed substrate can be characterized as cobble (Mill Run, Bells Gap Run, Tipton Run, and Sink Run), a mix of gravel and cobble (South Poplar Run, Dry Gap Run, Glenwhite Run, Sugar Run, Blair Gap Run), and gravel (Poplar Run, Newry).
\nDaily mean values of gage height were determined, and continuous (30-minute interval) data consisting of specific conductance and water temperature were collected, at four sites; each site showed typical seasonal fluctuations and the effects of precipitation.
\nStreamflow affected discrete water-quality. Dissolved oxygen always increased with increased streamflow. Most cations (including barium and strontium), along with pH, specific conductance, and total dissolved solids, decreased with greater streamflow, reflecting the dilution effect of moderately acidic surface runoff and precipitation on groundwater discharge (base flow) into the stream channels. Concentrations of trace elements varied by constituent and streamflow.
\nOn the basis of the results of water-quality analyses for the selected constituents, the water quality in 9 of the 12 streams can be considered fair or attaining with no measured constituent exceeding a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum or secondary contaminant level. Abandoned mine drainage (AMD) affects Glenwhite Run, Blair Gap Run, and Sugar Run. For Sugar Run, the AMD is reflected in the elevated iron concentration (greater than 300 micrograms per liter). Manganese concentrations greater than 50 micrograms per liter were measured in Glenwhite Run, Sugar Run, and Blair Gap Run.
\nA mixing curve based upon chloride/bromide ratios for two end points—precipitation and deicing salts—indicate that deicing salt is migrating to the streams. A similar curve representative of late-emerging flowback water from Marcellus gas wells indicated that the surface-water samples had not been influenced by such brines.
\nOn the basis of the concentration of major ions, the streams in the study area generally had mixed cation and anion compositions. Calcium is the dominant cation in one stream. Carbonate and bicarbonate are the dominant anions for two streams, and sulfate is dominant in three streams. The remaining six streams do not have a dominant ion.
\nBiotic health was characterized at 10 of 12 stream sites; the two sites excluded were established late in the study period (May 2013) for refinement of water quality in the headwaters of Poplar Run and the location of Marcellus Formation gas wells. On the basis of the Maryland Index of Biotic Integrity (MdIBI) for fish assemblages, 8 of 10 streams can be considered in fair health. Tipton Run had the highest MdIBI score (3.75) and the greatest number of native species. South Poplar Run had the lowest MdIBI score (1.75); pollution tolerant blacknose dace was dominant. On the basis of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection macroinvertebrate index of biotic integrity, 9 of 10 streams were characterized as attaining, with scores as high as 88.9 at Tipton Run. Only Sugar Run was characterized as impaired, with a score of 40.4.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151173","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Altoona Water Authority and the Blair County Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Low, D.J., Brightbill, R.A., Eggleston, H.L., and Chaplin, J.J., 2016, Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of selected headwater streams along the Allegheny Front, Blair County, Pennsylvania, July 2011–September 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1173, 66 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151173.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 66 p.; Appendixes 1-3","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-059743","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314565,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1173/ofr20151173.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.07 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1173"},{"id":314564,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1173/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":314566,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1173/ofr20151173_appendix1-surfacewaterquality.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1 - Surface Water Quality","size":"145 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2015-1173"},{"id":314567,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1173/ofr20151173_appendix2-fishassemblages.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2 - Fish Assemblages","size":"92.6 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2015-1173"},{"id":314568,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1173/ofr20151173_appendix3-ibiscore.xlsx","text":"Appendix 3 - Index of Biotic Integrity","size":"21.1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2015-1173"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Blair County","otherGeospatial":"Allegheny Front","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.35861206054688,\n 40.73581157695217\n ],\n [\n -78.21578979492188,\n 40.677513627085034\n ],\n [\n -78.45474243164062,\n 40.24913603826261\n ],\n [\n -78.62777709960938,\n 40.32665496008367\n ],\n [\n -78.35861206054688,\n 40.73581157695217\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
http://pa.water.usgs.gov/
Ecoregions denote areas of general similarity in ecosystems and in the type, quality, and quantity of environmental resources. They are designed to serve as a spatial framework for the research, assessment, management, and monitoring of ecosystems and ecosystem components. By recognizing the spatial differences in the capacities and potentials of ecosystems, ecoregions stratify the environment by its probable response to disturbance (Bryce and others, 1999). These general purpose regions are critical for structuring and implementing ecosystem management strategies across Federal agencies, State agencies, and nongovernment organizations that are responsible for different types of resources in the same geographical areas (Omernik and others, 2000).
The approach used to compile this map is based on the premise that ecological regions are hierarchical and can be identified through the analysis of the spatial patterns and the composition of biotic and abiotic phenomena that affect or reflect differences in ecosystem quality and integrity (Wiken, 1986; Omernik, 1987, 1995). These phenomena include geology, physiography, vegetation, climate, soils, land use, wildlife, and hydrology. The relative importance of each characteristic varies from one ecological region to another regardless of the hierarchical level. A Roman numeral hierarchical scheme has been adopted for different levels of ecological regions. Level I is the coarsest level, dividing North America into 15 ecological regions. Level II divides the continent into 50 regions (Commission for Environmental Cooperation Working Group, 1997, map revised 2006). At level III, the continental United States contains 105 ecoregions and the conterminous United States has 85 ecoregions (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2013). Level IV, depicted here for California, is a further refinement of level III ecoregions. Explanations of the methods used to define these ecoregions are given in Omernik (1995), Omernik and others (2000), and Omernik and Griffith (2014).
California has great ecological and biological diversity. The State contains offshore islands and coastal lowlands, large alluvial valleys, forested mountain ranges, deserts, and various aquatic habitats. There are 13 level III ecoregions and 177 level IV ecoregions in California and most continue into ecologically similar parts of adjacent States of the United States or Mexico (Bryce and others, 2003; Thorson and others, 2003; Griffith and others, 2014).
The California ecoregion map was compiled at a scale of 1:250,000. It revises and subdivides an earlier national ecoregion map that was originally compiled at a smaller scale (Omernik, 1987; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2013). This poster is the result of a collaborative project primarily between U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Region IX, USEPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (Corvallis, Oregon), California Department of Fish and Wildlife (DFW), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)–Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), U.S. Department of the Interior–Geological Survey (USGS), and other State of California agencies and universities.
The project is associated with interagency efforts to develop a common framework of ecological regions (McMahon and others, 2001). Reaching that objective requires recognition of the differences in the conceptual approaches and mapping methodologies applied to develop the most common ecoregion-type frameworks, including those developed by the USDA–Forest Service (Bailey and others, 1994; Miles and Goudy, 1997; Cleland and others, 2007), the USEPA (Omernik 1987, 1995), and the NRCS (U.S. Department of Agriculture–Soil Conservation Service, 1981; U.S. Department of Agriculture–Natural Resources Conservation Service, 2006). As each of these frameworks is further refined, their differences are becoming less discernible. Regional collaborative projects such as this one in California, where some agreement has been reached among multiple resource-management agencies, are a step toward attaining consensus and consistency in ecoregion frameworks for the entire nation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161021","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region IX, Regional Applied Research Effort (RARE) program.","usgsCitation":"Griffith, G.E., Omernik, J.M., Smith, D.W., Cook, T.D.,\nTallyn, E., Moseley, K., and Johnson, C.B., 2016, Ecoregions of California (poster):\nU.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1021, with map, scale 1:1,100,000,\nhttps://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161021.","productDescription":"2 Sheets: 36.00 x 47.00 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-057004","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318343,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1021/ofr20161021_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1 - Map","size":"21 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\"}}]}","contact":"Western Geographic Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 531
Menlo Park, CA 94025
http://geography.wr.usgs.gov/
Heavy rainfall occurred across South Carolina during October 1–5, 2015, as a result of an upper atmospheric low-pressure system that funneled tropical moisture from Hurricane Joaquin into the State. The storm caused major flooding in the central and coastal parts of South Carolina. Almost 27 inches of rain fell near Mount Pleasant in Charleston County during this period. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgages recorded peaks of record at 17 locations, and 15 other locations had peaks that ranked in the top 5 for the period of record. During the October 2015 flood event, USGS personnel made about 140 streamflow measurements at 86 locations to verify, update, or extend existing rating curves (which are used to compute streamflow from monitored river stage). Immediately after the storm event, USGS personnel documented 602 high-water marks, noting the location and height of the water above land surface. Later in October, 50 additional high-water marks were documented near bridges for South Carolina Department of Transportation. Using a subset of these high-water marks, 20 flood-inundation maps of 12 communities were created. Digital datasets of the inundation area, modeling boundary, and water depth rasters are all available for download.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161019","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Musser, J.W., Watson, K.M., Painter, J.A., and Gotvald, A.J., 2016, Flood-inundation maps of selected areas affected by the flood of October 2015 in central and coastal South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1019, 81 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161019.","productDescription":"Report: v, 81 p.; Raw Data","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-072657","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318176,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1019/ofr20161019.pdf","text":"Report","size":"47.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1019"},{"id":318175,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1019/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":318184,"rank":3,"type":{"id":19,"text":"Raw Data"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/floods/events/2015/Joaquin/data_ofr20161019","text":"USGS Flood Information (Data Download)"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Salkehatchie River Basin, Savannah River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.541259765625,\n 33.86129311351553\n ],\n [\n -78.64013671875,\n 33.76088200086917\n ],\n [\n -78.94775390625,\n 33.61461929233378\n ],\n [\n -79.1015625,\n 33.348884792201694\n ],\n [\n -79.1455078125,\n 33.22030778968541\n ],\n [\n -79.34326171875,\n 32.99945000822837\n ],\n [\n -79.530029296875,\n 32.96258644191747\n ],\n [\n -79.60693359375,\n 32.85190345738802\n ],\n [\n -79.815673828125,\n 32.74108223150125\n ],\n [\n -80.057373046875,\n 32.55607364492029\n ],\n [\n -80.2880859375,\n 32.491230287947594\n ],\n [\n -80.386962890625,\n 32.41706632846282\n ],\n [\n -80.474853515625,\n 32.287132632616384\n ],\n [\n -80.628662109375,\n 32.175612478499346\n ],\n [\n -80.7275390625,\n 32.06395559466043\n ],\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 31.942839972853083\n ],\n [\n -80.936279296875,\n 31.99875937194732\n ],\n [\n -81.123046875,\n 32.12910537866886\n ],\n [\n -81.14501953125,\n 32.25926542645936\n ],\n [\n -81.14501953125,\n 32.36140331527543\n ],\n [\n -81.2548828125,\n 32.44488496716713\n ],\n [\n -81.298828125,\n 32.537551746769\n ],\n [\n -81.375732421875,\n 32.58384932565662\n ],\n [\n -81.4306640625,\n 32.685619853722\n ],\n [\n -81.474609375,\n 32.879587173066305\n ],\n [\n -81.507568359375,\n 33.00866349457558\n ],\n [\n -81.58447265624999,\n 33.073130945006625\n ],\n [\n -81.71630859375,\n 33.146750228776455\n ],\n [\n -81.815185546875,\n 33.23868752757414\n ],\n [\n -81.88110351562499,\n 33.32134852669881\n ],\n [\n -81.990966796875,\n 33.37641235124676\n ],\n [\n -81.947021484375,\n 33.458942753687644\n ],\n [\n -82.078857421875,\n 33.568861182555544\n ],\n [\n -82.166748046875,\n 33.642062504753675\n ],\n [\n -82.19970703125,\n 33.715201644740844\n ],\n [\n -82.28759765625,\n 33.80653802509606\n ],\n [\n -82.430419921875,\n 33.897777013859475\n ],\n [\n -82.55126953124999,\n 34.00713506435885\n ],\n [\n -82.496337890625,\n 34.17999758688084\n ],\n [\n -82.254638671875,\n 34.75966612466248\n ],\n [\n -81.947021484375,\n 35.11990857099681\n ],\n [\n -81.837158203125,\n 35.191766965947394\n ],\n [\n -81.39770507812499,\n 35.16482750605027\n ],\n [\n -81.046142578125,\n 35.146862906756304\n ],\n [\n -81.024169921875,\n 35.074964853989556\n ],\n [\n -80.91430664062499,\n 35.110921809704756\n ],\n [\n -80.771484375,\n 34.95799531086792\n ],\n [\n -80.782470703125,\n 34.84987503195418\n ],\n [\n -80.5517578125,\n 34.831841149828676\n ],\n [\n -80.255126953125,\n 34.804782919572425\n ],\n [\n -79.716796875,\n 34.82282272723702\n ],\n [\n -78.541259765625,\n 33.86129311351553\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Columbia, SC 29210
http://www.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/
This report contains reduced 40Ar/39Ar geochronological data from 63 hydrothermal white mica samples separated from orogenic gold-rich quartz veins in the Laramide Caborca orogenic gold belt (COGB) of northwestern Sonora, Mexico. The main objective of this report is to present the sample locations, 40Ar/39Ar experimental methodology, and 40Ar/39Ar isotopic data. We include age spectra and inverse-isotope correlation diagrams for all white mica samples. The age spectra are separated into three groups based on the type of age used for geologic interpretation, including plateau ages (group 1), isochron ages (group 2), and average or single-step heating ages (group 3). The resulting age spectra are used to help establish the age of mineralization for the COGB.
\nThe COGB is approximately 600 kilometers long and 60 to 80 km wide, trends northwest, and extends from west-central Sonora to southern Arizona and California. The COGB contains mineralized gold-rich quartz veins that contain free gold associated with white mica (sericite), carbonate minerals (calcite and ankerite), and sulfides such as pyrite and galena. Limited geochronologic studies exist for parts of the COGB, and previous work was concentrated in mining districts. These previous studies recorded mineralization ages of approximately 70 to 40 Ma. Therefore, some workers proposed that the orogenic gold mineralization in the region occurred during a single pulse that was associated with the Laramide Orogeny that took place during the Cretaceous to early Eocene in the western margin of North America. However, the geochronologic dataset was quite limited, making any regional interpretations tenuous. Accordingly, one of the objectives of this geochronology study was to get a better representative sampling of the COGB in order to obtain a more complete record of the mineralization history. The 63 samples presented in this work are broadly distributed throughout the area of the COGB and allow us to better test the hypothesis that mineralization occurred in a single pulse.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161008","usgsCitation":"Izaguirre, Aldo, Kunk, M.J., Iriondo, Alexander, McAleer, Ryan, Caballero-Martínez, J.A, and Espinosa Arámburu, Enrique, 2016, The Laramide Caborca orogenic gold belt of northwestern Sonora, Mexico; white mica 40Ar/39Ar geochronology from gold-rich quartz veins: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1008, 30 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161008.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 30 p.; 4 Tables","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-069619","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316618,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1008/ofr20161008_table4.xls","text":"Table 4 - 40Ar/39Ar step-heating data and average or single step ages determined from white micas of gold-rich quartz veins","size":"165 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1008","linkHelpText":"of the Caborca orogenic gold belt (COGB), northwestern Sonora, Mexico"},{"id":316609,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1008/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":316610,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1008/ofr20161008.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.68 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1008"},{"id":316615,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1008/ofr20161008_table1.xls","text":"Table 1 - Summary of 63 40Ar/39Ar ages determined from white micas of gold-rich quartz veins","size":"718 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1008","linkHelpText":"of the Caborca orogenic gold belt (COGB), northwestern Sonora, Mexico"},{"id":316616,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1008/ofr20161008_table2.xls","text":"Table 2 - 40Ar/39Ar step-heating data and plateau ages determined from white micas of gold-rich quartz veins","size":"106 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1008","linkHelpText":"of the Caborca orogenic gold belt (COGB), northwestern Sonora, Mexico"},{"id":316617,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1008/ofr20161008_table3.xls","text":"Table 3 - 40Ar/39Ar step-heating data and isochron ages determined from white micas of gold-rich quartz veins","size":"95 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1008","linkHelpText":"of the Caborca orogenic gold belt (COGB), northwestern Sonora, Mexico."}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Arizona, California, Sonora","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.82910156249999,\n 34.125447565116126\n ],\n [\n -114.36767578124999,\n 34.052659421375964\n ],\n [\n -113.48876953125,\n 33.687781758439364\n ],\n [\n -112.236328125,\n 32.41706632846282\n ],\n [\n -111.70898437499999,\n 31.653381399664\n ],\n [\n -111.3134765625,\n 31.071755902820108\n ],\n [\n -110.32470703125,\n 30.259067203213018\n ],\n [\n -110.12695312499999,\n 29.76437737516313\n ],\n [\n -110.01708984374999,\n 28.94086176940554\n ],\n [\n -109.97314453125,\n 28.478348692223165\n ],\n [\n -109.97314453125,\n 28.09136628140692\n ],\n [\n -110.19287109375,\n 27.877928333679495\n ],\n [\n -110.654296875,\n 28.05259082333986\n ],\n [\n -110.9619140625,\n 28.130127737874005\n ],\n [\n -111.533203125,\n 28.536274512989916\n ],\n [\n -112.06054687499999,\n 28.863918426224537\n ],\n [\n -112.54394531249999,\n 29.49698759653577\n ],\n [\n -113.09326171875,\n 30.486550842588485\n ],\n [\n -113.7744140625,\n 31.16580958786196\n ],\n [\n -114.60937499999999,\n 31.50362930577303\n ],\n [\n -115.224609375,\n 32.39851580247402\n ],\n [\n -115.3564453125,\n 33.90689555128866\n ],\n [\n -114.82910156249999,\n 34.125447565116126\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center
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12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
http://geology.er.usgs.gov/egpsc
The model presented in this report is a spreadsheet-based model using Visual Basic for Applications within Microsoft Excel (http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7057D0Z) prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. It uses the same model structure and, initially, parameters as used by Wildhaber and others (2015) for pallid sturgeon. The difference between the model structure used for this report and that used by Wildhaber and others (2015) is that variance is not partitioned. For the model of this report, all variance is applied at the iteration and time-step levels of the model. Wildhaber and others (2015) partition variance into parameter variance (uncertainty about the value of a parameter itself) applied at the iteration level and temporal variance (uncertainty caused by random environmental fluctuations with time) applied at the time-step level. They included implicit individual variance (uncertainty caused by differences between individuals) within the time-step level.
The interface developed for the model of this report is designed to allow the user the flexibility to change population model structure and parameter values and uncertainty separately for every component of the model. This flexibility makes the modeling tool potentially applicable to any fish species; however, the flexibility inherent in this modeling tool makes it possible for the user to obtain spurious outputs. The value and reliability of the model outputs are only as good as the model inputs. Using this modeling tool with improper or inaccurate parameter values, or for species for which the structure of the model is inappropriate, could lead to untenable management decisions. By facilitating fish population modeling, this modeling tool allows the user to evaluate a range of management options and implications. The goal of this modeling tool is to be a user-friendly modeling tool for developing fish population models useful to natural resource managers to inform their decision-making processes; however, as with all population models, caution is needed, and a full understanding of the limitations of a model and the veracity of user-supplied parameters should always be considered when using such model output in the management of any species.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161009","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Moran, E.H., Wildhaber, M.L., Green, N.S., and Albers, J.L., 2016, Visual basic, Excel-based fish population modeling tool—The pallid sturgeon example: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1009, 20 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161009.","productDescription":"vi, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066994","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316871,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1009/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":316872,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1009/ofr20161009.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1009"},{"id":316917,"rank":3,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7057D0Z","text":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7057D0Z","description":"Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications"}],"contact":"Director, Columbia Environmental Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4200 New Haven Road
Columbia, MO 65201-8709
Scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center conducted a seasonal collection of surficial sediments from Chincoteague Bay and Tom's Cove, between Assateague Island and the Delmarva Peninsula in late March/early April 2014 and October 2014. The sampling efforts were part of a larger U.S. Geological Survey study to assess the effects of storm events on sediment distribution in back-barrier environments of the United States. By sampling during the spring and fall, a more complete understanding of seasonal variability in the area can help determine baseline conditions. The objective of this study was to characterize the sediments of Chincoteague Bay in order to create baseline conditions to incorporate with the hydrodynamic and sediment transport models used to evaluate pre- and post-storm change and compare with future field measurements.
\nThis report is an archive for sedimentological data derived from the surface sediment of Chincoteague Bay. Data are available for the spring (March/April 2014) and fall (October 2014) samples collected. Downloadable data are provided as Excel spreadsheets and as JPEG files. Additional files include ArcGIS shapefiles of the sampling sites, detailed results of sediment grain-size analyses, and formal Federal Geographic Data Committee metadata (data downloads).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151219","usgsCitation":"Ellis, A.M., Marot, M.E., Wheaton, C.J., Bernier, J.C., and Smith, C.G., 2015, A seasonal comparison of surface sediment characteristics in Chincoteague Bay, Maryland and Virginia, USA: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1219, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151219.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-065701","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":315341,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1219","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2015-1219"},{"id":316535,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chincoteague Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.19317626953125,\n 38.28778081436419\n ],\n [\n -75.50628662109375,\n 37.88677656291023\n ],\n [\n -75.3717041015625,\n 37.83364941345968\n ],\n [\n -75.17532348632812,\n 38.09241741843045\n ],\n [\n -75.09292602539062,\n 38.272688535980976\n ],\n [\n -75.19317626953125,\n 38.28778081436419\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
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Surface-water supplies are important sources of drinking water for residents in the Triangle area of North Carolina, which is located within the upper Cape Fear and Neuse River Basins. Since 1988, the U.S. Geological Survey and a consortium of local governments have tracked water-quality conditions and trends in several of the area’s water-supply lakes and streams. This report summarizes data collected through this cooperative effort, known as the Triangle Area Water Supply Monitoring Project, during October 2009 through September 2010 (water year 2010) and October 2010 through September 2011 (water year 2011). Major findings for this data-collection effort include
\nDirector, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Columbia, SC 29210
http://www.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/
The Integrated Landscape Modeling (ILM) partnership is an effort by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to identify, evaluate, and develop models to quantify services derived from ecosystems, with a focus on wetland ecosystems and conservation effects. The ILM partnership uses the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) modeling platform to facilitate regional quantifications of ecosystem services under various scenarios of land-cover change that are representative of differing conservation program and practice implementation scenarios. To date, the ILM InVEST partnership has resulted in capabilities to quantify carbon stores, amphibian habitat, plant-community diversity, and pollination services. Work to include waterfowl and grassland bird habitat quality is in progress. Initial InVEST modeling has been focused on the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of the United States; future efforts might encompass other regions as data availability and knowledge increase as to how functions affecting ecosystem services differ among regions.
The ILM partnership is also developing the capability for field-scale process-based modeling of depressional wetland ecosystems using the Agricultural Policy/Environmental Extender (APEX) model. Progress was made towards the development of techniques to use the APEX model for closed-basin depressional wetlands of the PPR, in addition to the open systems that the model was originally designed to simulate. The ILM partnership has matured to the stage where effects of conservation programs and practices on multiple ecosystem services can now be simulated in selected areas. Future work might include the continued development of modeling capabilities, as well as development and evaluation of differing conservation program and practice scenarios of interest to partner agencies including the USDA’s Farm Service Agency (FSA) and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). When combined, the ecosystem services modeling capabilities of InVEST and the process-based abilities of the APEX model should provide complementary information needed to meet USDA and the Department of the Interior information needs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161006","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service and Farm Service Agency","usgsCitation":"Mushet, D.M., and Scherff, E.J., 2016, The integrated landscape modeling partnership—Current status and future directions (ver. 1.1, December 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1006, 59 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161006.","productDescription":"72 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070297","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314982,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1006/coverthb1.1.jpg"},{"id":332701,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1006/version_history.txt"},{"id":314983,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1006/ofr20161006.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1006"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.82080078125,\n 48.99463598353408\n ],\n [\n -105.13916015625,\n 48.90805939965008\n ],\n [\n -104.83154296875,\n 48.44377831058805\n ],\n [\n -104.4140625,\n 47.945786463687185\n ],\n [\n -103.18359375,\n 47.87214396888731\n ],\n [\n -102.39257812499999,\n 47.502358951968596\n ],\n [\n -101.29394531249999,\n 47.010225655683485\n ],\n [\n -101.0302734375,\n 46.66451741754235\n ],\n [\n -100.96435546875,\n 45.87471224890479\n ],\n [\n -100.70068359374999,\n 45.27488643704894\n ],\n [\n -100.8544921875,\n 44.4808302785626\n ],\n [\n -100.30517578125,\n 43.929549935614595\n ],\n [\n -98.89892578125,\n 43.03677585761058\n ],\n [\n -97.22900390625,\n 42.84375132629021\n ],\n [\n -95.07568359375,\n 42.04929263868686\n ],\n [\n -93.955078125,\n 41.590796851056005\n ],\n [\n -93.05419921875,\n 41.57436130598913\n ],\n [\n -92.4169921875,\n 41.77131167976407\n ],\n [\n -92.35107421874999,\n 42.391008609205045\n ],\n [\n -92.74658203125,\n 43.34116005412307\n ],\n [\n -93.31787109374999,\n 43.929549935614595\n ],\n [\n -93.88916015625,\n 44.2294565683017\n ],\n [\n -94.68017578125,\n 45.413876460821086\n ],\n [\n -94.9658203125,\n 46.84516443029279\n ],\n [\n -96.6357421875,\n 48.472921272487824\n ],\n [\n -98.0859375,\n 48.951366470947725\n ],\n [\n -103.82080078125,\n 48.99463598353408\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted January 28, 2016; Version 1.1: December 30, 2016","contact":"Director, USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
8711 37th Street Southeast
Jamestown, North Dakota 58401
A multidimensional model of geographic features has been developed and implemented with data from The National Map of the U.S. Geological Survey. The model, programmed in C++ and implemented as a feature library, was tested with data from the National Hydrography Dataset demonstrating the capability to handle changes in feature attributes, such as increases in chlorine concentration in a stream, and feature geometry, such as the changing shoreline of barrier islands over time. Data can be entered directly, from a comma separated file, or features with attributes and relationships can be automatically populated in the model from data in the Spatial Data Transfer Standard format.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151241","usgsCitation":"Usery, E.L., Timson, George, and Coletti, Mark, 2015, A multidimensional representation model of geographic features: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1241, 10 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151241.","productDescription":"iii, 10 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059943","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314951,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1241/ofr20151241.pdf","text":"Report","size":"406 kb","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1241"},{"id":314950,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1241/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Center of Excellence for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)
1400 Independence Road
Rolla, MO 65401
The recovery of endangered Lost River suckers (Deltistes luxatus) in Upper Klamath Lake is limited by poor juvenile survival and failure to recruit into the adult population. Poor water quality, degradation of rearing habitat, and toxic levels of microcystin are hypothesized to contribute to low juvenile survival. Studies of wild juvenile suckers are limited in that capture rates are low and compromised individuals are rarely captured in passive nets. The goal of this study was to assess the use of a mesocosm for learning about juvenile survival, movement, and health. Hatchery-raised juvenile Lost River suckers were PIT (passive integrated transponder) tagged and monitored by three vertically stratified antennas. Fish locations within the mesocosm were recorded at least every 30 minutes and were assessed in relation to vertically stratified water-quality conditions. Vertical movement patterns were analyzed to identify the timing of mortality for each fish. Most mortality occurred from July 28 to August 16, 2014. Juvenile suckers spent daylight hours near the benthos and moved throughout the entire water column during dark hours. Diel movements were not in response to dissolved-oxygen concentrations, temperature, or pH. Furthermore, low dissolved-oxygen concentrations, high temperatures, high pH, high un-ionized ammonia, or high microcystin levels did not directly cause mortality, although indirect effects may have occurred. However, water-quality conditions known to be lethal to juvenile Lost River suckers did not occur during the study period. Histological assessment revealed severe gill hyperplasia and Ichthyobodo sp. infestations in most moribund fish. For these fish, Ichthyobodo sp. was likely the cause of mortality, although it is unclear if this parasite originated in the rearing facility because fish were not screened for this parasite prior to introduction. This study has demonstrated that we can effectively use a mesocosm equipped with antennas to learn about the timing of mortality, movement, and health of PIT-tagged hatchery-raised juvenile Lost River suckers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161012","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Hereford, D.M., Burdick, S.M., Elliott, D.G., Dolan-Caret, Amari, Conway, C.M., and Harris, A.C., 2016, Survival, movement, and health of hatchery-raised juvenile Lost River suckers within a mesocosm in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1012, 48 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161012.","productDescription":"vi, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070117","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314949,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1012/ofr20161012.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1012 Report PDF"},{"id":314948,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1012/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.09518432617186,\n 42.379850764344134\n ],\n [\n -122.09518432617186,\n 42.50450285299051\n ],\n [\n -121.9482421875,\n 42.50450285299051\n ],\n [\n -121.9482421875,\n 42.379850764344134\n ],\n [\n -122.09518432617186,\n 42.379850764344134\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115
http://wfrc.usgs.gov/
The Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) Hinkley compressor station, in the Mojave Desert 80 miles northeast of Los Angeles, is used to compress natural gas as it is transported through a pipeline from Texas to California. Between 1952 and 1964, cooling water used at the compressor station was treated with a compound containing chromium to prevent corrosion. After cooling, the wastewater was discharged to unlined ponds, resulting in contamination of soil and groundwater in the underlying alluvial aquifer (Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board, 2013). Since 1964, cooling-water management practices have been used that do not contribute chromium to groundwater.
In 2007, a PG&E study of the natural background concentrations of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in groundwater estimated average concentrations in the Hinkley area to be 1.2 micrograms per liter (μg/L), with a 95-percent upper-confidence limit of 3.1 μg/L (CH2M-Hill, 2007). The 3.1 μg/L upper-confidence limit was adopted by the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) as the maximum background concentration used to map the plume extent. In response to criticism of the study’s methodology, and an increase in the mapped extent of the plume between 2008 and 2011, the Lahontan RWQCB (Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board, 2012) agreed that the 2007 PG&E background-concentration study be updated.
The purpose of the updated background study is to evaluate the presence of natural and man-made Cr(VI) near Hinkley, Calif. The study also is to estimate natural background Cr(VI) concentrations in the aquifer upgradient and downgradient from the mapped Cr(VI) contamination plume, as well as in the plume and near its margins. The study was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in collaboration with a technical working group (TWG) composed of community members, the Independent Review Panel (IRP) Manager (Project Navigator, Ltd.), the Lahontan RWQCB, PG&E, and consultants for PG&E.&E.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161004","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J.A., and Groover, Krishangi, A Plan for Study of Hexavalent Chromium, Cr(VI), in Groundwater near a Mapped Plume, Hinkley, California, 2016: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016-1004, 12 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161004.","productDescription":"12 p.","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069161","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314699,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1004/ofr20161004.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.2 MB","description":"OFR 2016-1004 PDF"},{"id":314700,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1004/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Hinkley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.21931457519533,\n 34.87860836385923\n ],\n [\n -117.21931457519533,\n 35.030558627895005\n ],\n [\n -117.12593078613283,\n 35.030558627895005\n ],\n [\n -117.12593078613283,\n 34.87860836385923\n ],\n [\n -117.21931457519533,\n 34.87860836385923\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, CA 95819
http://ca.water.usgs.gov
The Comprehensive Sturgeon Research Project is a multiyear, multiagency collaborative research framework developed to provide information to support pallid sturgeon recovery and Missouri River management decisions. The project strategy integrates field and laboratory studies of pallid sturgeon reproductive ecology, early life history, habitat requirements, and physiology. The project scope of work is developed annually with collaborating research partners and in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Missouri River Recovery—Integrated Science Program. The research consists of several interdependent and complementary tasks that engage multiple disciplines.
\nThe research tasks in the 2013 scope of work emphasized understanding reproductive migrations and spawning of adult pallid sturgeon, and hatch and drift of free embryos and larvae. These tasks were addressed in four study sections located in three hydrologically and geomorphologically distinct parts of the Missouri River Basin: the Upper Missouri River downstream from Fort Peck Dam, including downstream reaches of the Milk River, the Lower Yellowstone River, and the Lower Missouri River downstream from Gavins Point Dam. The research is designed to inform management decisions related to channel re-engineering, flow modification, and pallid sturgeon population augmentation on the Missouri River, and throughout the range of the species. Research and progress made through this project are reported to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers annually. This annual report details the research effort and progress made by the Comprehensive Sturgeon Research Project during 2013.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151197","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri River Recovery–Integrated Science Program U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Yankton, South Dakota","usgsCitation":"DeLonay, A.J., Jacobson, R.B., Chojnacki, K.A., Braaten, P.J., Buhl, K.J., Eder, B.L., Elliott, C.M., Erwin, S.O., Fuller,\nD.B., Haddix, T.M., Ladd, H.L.A., Mestl, G.E., Papoulias, D.M., Rhoten, J.C., Wesolek, C.J., and Wildhaber, M.L., 2016,\nEcological requirements for pallid sturgeon reproduction and recruitment in the Missouri River—Annual report 2013:\nU.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1197, 99 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151197.","productDescription":"xi, 99 p.","numberOfPages":"116","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056500","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314415,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1197/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":314416,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1197/ofr20151197.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1197"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.63720703125,\n 38.805470223177466\n ],\n [\n -92.70263671874999,\n 39.18117526158749\n ],\n [\n -93.18603515624999,\n 39.65645604812829\n ],\n [\n -93.49365234375,\n 40.613952441166596\n ],\n [\n -93.515625,\n 41.32732632036622\n ],\n [\n -94.63623046875,\n 41.50857729743935\n ],\n [\n -94.921875,\n 42.08191667830631\n ],\n [\n -95.29541015625,\n 43.48481212891603\n ],\n [\n -96.39404296875,\n 44.29240108529005\n ],\n [\n -97.91015624999999,\n 45.920587344733654\n ],\n [\n -98.50341796875,\n 46.92025531537451\n ],\n [\n -99.1845703125,\n 47.87214396888731\n ],\n [\n -99.95361328125,\n 48.019324184801185\n ],\n [\n -100.94238281249999,\n 47.91634204016118\n ],\n [\n -101.7333984375,\n 48.4146186174932\n ],\n [\n -102.32666015625,\n 48.83579746243093\n ],\n [\n -103.38134765625,\n 48.83579746243093\n ],\n [\n -103.7548828125,\n 48.951366470947725\n ],\n [\n -104.74365234375,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -111.64306640625,\n 48.99463598353408\n ],\n [\n -114.76318359375,\n 48.98742700601184\n ],\n [\n -114.70825195312501,\n 48.36354888898689\n ],\n [\n -114.78515624999999,\n 47.879512933970496\n ],\n [\n -115.71899414062499,\n 47.50978034953473\n ],\n [\n -115.169677734375,\n 47.137424646293866\n ],\n [\n -114.63134765625001,\n 46.6795944656402\n ],\n [\n -114.312744140625,\n 46.66451741754235\n ],\n [\n -113.44482421875,\n 44.793530904744074\n ],\n [\n -112.82958984375,\n 44.449467536006935\n ],\n [\n -111.37939453125,\n 44.68427737181225\n ],\n [\n -111.02783203125,\n 44.41808794374849\n ],\n [\n -109.44580078125,\n 43.27720532212024\n ],\n [\n -108.25927734375,\n 42.309815415686664\n ],\n [\n -107.4462890625,\n 42.42345651793833\n ],\n [\n -106.9189453125,\n 41.73852846935917\n ],\n [\n -107.33642578124999,\n 41.36031866306708\n ],\n [\n -107.16064453125,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -107.05078125,\n 40.27952566881291\n ],\n [\n -106.14990234375,\n 40.22921818870117\n ],\n [\n -105.6884765625,\n 40.44694705960048\n ],\n [\n -105.66650390625,\n 39.842286020743394\n ],\n [\n -106.3037109375,\n 39.30029918615029\n ],\n [\n -106.06201171875,\n 38.71980474264239\n ],\n [\n -104.7216796875,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -103.95263671874999,\n 38.993572058209466\n ],\n [\n -102.67822265625,\n 38.976492485539424\n ],\n [\n -100.96435546875,\n 38.77121637244273\n ],\n [\n -98.32763671875,\n 38.788345355085625\n ],\n [\n -96.767578125,\n 38.839707613545144\n ],\n [\n -95.9326171875,\n 38.736946065676\n ],\n [\n -95.51513671875,\n 38.37611542403604\n ],\n [\n -95.03173828125,\n 37.96152331396616\n ],\n [\n -94.37255859375,\n 37.38761749978395\n ],\n [\n -92.8125,\n 37.26530995561875\n ],\n [\n -91.7578125,\n 37.82280243352756\n ],\n [\n -91.42822265625,\n 38.134556577054134\n ],\n [\n -91.0546875,\n 38.51378825951165\n ],\n [\n -90.63720703125,\n 38.805470223177466\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, USGS Columbia Environmental Research Center
4200 New Haven Road
Columbia, MO 65201
This report documents a process of filtering of hypotheses that relate Missouri River Scaphirhynchus albus (pallid sturgeon) population dynamics to management actions including flow alterations, channel reconfigurations, and pallid sturgeon population augmentation. The filtering process was a partnership among U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to contribute to the Missouri River Recovery Management Plan process. The objective of the filtering process was to produce a set of hypotheses with high relevance to pallid sturgeon population dynamics and decision making on the Missouri River. The Missouri River Pallid Sturgeon Effects Analysis team filtered hundreds of potential hypotheses implicit in conceptual ecological models to develop a set of 40 candidate dominant hypotheses that were identified by experts as being important in pallid sturgeon population dynamics. Using a modified Delphi process and additional expert opinion, the team reduced this set of hypotheses to 23 working dominant hypotheses. We then matched the 23 hypotheses with management actions that could influence the biotic outcomes, resulting in as many as 176 potential effects between management actions and pallid sturgeon in the Missouri River. This number was consolidated to a candidate set of 53 working management hypotheses because some management actions applied to multiple life stages of the pallid sturgeon. We used an additional round of expert surveys to identify a set of 30 working management hypotheses. Finally, the set of working management hypotheses was filtered by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Missouri River Recovery Program for actions that were within the agency’s authority and jurisdiction. This round resulted in a set of 21 hypotheses for initial modeling of linkages from management to pallid sturgeon population responses.
\nThe initial set of candidate hypotheses provides a useful starting point for quantitative modeling and adaptive management of the river and species. We anticipate that hypotheses will change from the set of working management hypotheses as adaptive management progresses. More importantly, hypotheses that have been filtered out of our multistep process are still being considered. These filtered hypotheses are archived and if existing hypotheses are determined to be inadequate to explain observed population dynamics, new hypotheses can be created or filtered hypotheses can be reinstated.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151236","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri River Recovery Program","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, R.B., Parsley, M.J., Annis, M.L., Colvin, M.E., Welker, T.L., and James, D.A., 2016, Development of working hypotheses linking management of the Missouri River to population dynamics of Scaphirhynchus albus (pallid sturgeon): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1236, 33 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151236.","productDescription":"v, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056930","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314405,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1236/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":314406,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1236/ofr20151236.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.03 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1236"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.63720703125,\n 38.805470223177466\n ],\n [\n -92.70263671874999,\n 39.18117526158749\n ],\n [\n -93.18603515624999,\n 39.65645604812829\n ],\n [\n -93.49365234375,\n 40.613952441166596\n ],\n [\n -93.515625,\n 41.32732632036622\n ],\n [\n -94.63623046875,\n 41.50857729743935\n ],\n [\n -94.921875,\n 42.08191667830631\n ],\n [\n -95.29541015625,\n 43.48481212891603\n ],\n [\n -96.39404296875,\n 44.29240108529005\n ],\n [\n -97.91015624999999,\n 45.920587344733654\n ],\n [\n -98.50341796875,\n 46.92025531537451\n ],\n [\n -99.1845703125,\n 47.87214396888731\n ],\n [\n -99.95361328125,\n 48.019324184801185\n ],\n [\n -100.94238281249999,\n 47.91634204016118\n ],\n [\n -101.7333984375,\n 48.4146186174932\n ],\n [\n -102.32666015625,\n 48.83579746243093\n ],\n [\n -103.38134765625,\n 48.83579746243093\n ],\n [\n -103.7548828125,\n 48.951366470947725\n ],\n [\n -104.74365234375,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -111.64306640625,\n 48.99463598353408\n ],\n [\n -114.76318359375,\n 48.98742700601184\n ],\n [\n -114.70825195312501,\n 48.36354888898689\n ],\n [\n -114.78515624999999,\n 47.879512933970496\n ],\n [\n -115.71899414062499,\n 47.50978034953473\n ],\n [\n -115.169677734375,\n 47.137424646293866\n ],\n [\n -114.63134765625001,\n 46.6795944656402\n ],\n [\n -114.312744140625,\n 46.66451741754235\n ],\n [\n -113.44482421875,\n 44.793530904744074\n ],\n [\n -112.82958984375,\n 44.449467536006935\n ],\n [\n -111.37939453125,\n 44.68427737181225\n ],\n [\n -111.02783203125,\n 44.41808794374849\n ],\n [\n -109.44580078125,\n 43.27720532212024\n ],\n [\n -108.25927734375,\n 42.309815415686664\n ],\n [\n -107.4462890625,\n 42.42345651793833\n ],\n [\n -106.9189453125,\n 41.73852846935917\n ],\n [\n -107.33642578124999,\n 41.36031866306708\n ],\n [\n -107.16064453125,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -107.05078125,\n 40.27952566881291\n ],\n [\n -106.14990234375,\n 40.22921818870117\n ],\n [\n -105.6884765625,\n 40.44694705960048\n ],\n [\n -105.66650390625,\n 39.842286020743394\n ],\n [\n -106.3037109375,\n 39.30029918615029\n ],\n [\n -106.06201171875,\n 38.71980474264239\n ],\n [\n -104.7216796875,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -103.95263671874999,\n 38.993572058209466\n ],\n [\n -102.67822265625,\n 38.976492485539424\n ],\n [\n -100.96435546875,\n 38.77121637244273\n ],\n [\n -98.32763671875,\n 38.788345355085625\n ],\n [\n -96.767578125,\n 38.839707613545144\n ],\n [\n -95.9326171875,\n 38.736946065676\n ],\n [\n -95.51513671875,\n 38.37611542403604\n ],\n [\n -95.03173828125,\n 37.96152331396616\n ],\n [\n -94.37255859375,\n 37.38761749978395\n ],\n [\n -92.8125,\n 37.26530995561875\n ],\n [\n -91.7578125,\n 37.82280243352756\n ],\n [\n -91.42822265625,\n 38.134556577054134\n ],\n [\n -91.0546875,\n 38.51378825951165\n ],\n [\n -90.63720703125,\n 38.805470223177466\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, USGS Columbia Environmental Research Center
4200 New Haven Road
Columbia, MO 65201
Phytoplankton is an important and limiting food source in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (the Delta) and San Francisco Bay; the decline of phytoplankton biomass is one possible factor in the pelagic organism decline and specifically in the decline of the protected delta smelt. The bivalves Corbicula fluminea andPotamocorbula amurensis have been shown to control phytoplankton biomass in several locations throughout the system, and their distribution and population dynamics are therefore of great interest. We were able to describe the distribution and dynamics of bivalve biomass through use of samples collected by the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) as part of a monitoring program from 1977 to 2013. As one element of DWR’s and the Bureau of Reclamation’s Environmental Monitoring Program (EMP), the DWR benthic monitoring program examines the impact of water project operations on the estuary as prescribed by a series of Water Rights Decisions mandated by the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB). The availability of multidecade samples allowed us to examine long-term trends in biomass, recruitment, and size of bivalves at the 15 stations sampled.
\nBiomass and grazing rate had the same basic trends, and the conclusions that we apply to biomass can be applied to grazing rate data. During winter of most years, Potamocorbula biomass was low at all locations and was near zero in the shallow San Pablo Bay station. The Potamocorbula biomass at shallow stations consistently peaked during summer and fall, but there was no consistent peak season in the deep stations. Corbicula had a much less consistent seasonal biomass pattern than Potamocorbula. However, some interannual patterns were consistent between stations. Corbicula biomass at three stations declined after 2003 (C9, D16, and D28). The Franks Tract (D19) Corbicula biomass had a baseline shift up (that is, all values were > 0) in 1985 until DWR ceased sampling at the station in 1995. Two other stations showed a similar increase in baseline but at different times; D24 shifted up after 2007 and D11 shifted up in 1991.
\nPotamocorbula recruitment (any bivalve ≤ 2.5 millimeters [mm] in length) occurred anytime between spring and fall, with bivalves at the most downstream stations in San Pablo Bay recruiting in spring and animals at the most upstream stations recruiting in fall. The bivalves at the stations between these endpoints recruited in (1) spring or (2) summer and fall (Carquinez Strait), or in some combination of two of those three seasons in Grizzly Bay. The few locations where Potamocorbula and Corbicula overlapped showed recruitment abundance opposing each other, with Potamocorbula recruits peaking during the more saline time of year and Corbicula recruits peaking during periods of lower salinities. Corbicula recruits were present throughout most of the year with some peaks in abundance, but the patterns were not seasonally consistent at any station.
\nMean size peaked in both bivalves in late summer and early fall and never got above a certain size; maximum size depended on location. The mean size of both bivalves has decreased over the years, with the size distributions throughout the Delta now skewed toward smaller, younger Corbicula (< 10 mm). The mean size of Potamocorbula has also become skewed toward the small, younger bivalves, with sizes in the range of 2–8 mm. The mean size ofPotamocorbula increased from spring to fall and decreased in winter. A similar generalization is not possible with Corbicula because seasonal patterns in size varied depending on station location. Station D24 on the Sacramento River was the only location with an increase in Corbicula mean size over the sampling period.
\nThe largest mean sized Potamocorbula were seen in the channel areas, where sizes of 15 mm were common at stations D41C, 8.1, and D6; sizes in excess of 15 mm were observed at all three D4 stations during the mid 1990s. The mean size of Potamocorbula in the shoals was ≈5–7 mm in most years in Grizzly Bay (D7) and San Pablo Bay (D41A), with an increase to > 10 mm at D7 in the wet years.
\nThe largest mean sized Corbicula were in the southern Delta (C9 ≈25 mm during 1996–97 and 2012–2013), and the smallest average sizes were in the San Joaquin River (P8 and D16). Corbicula at the upstream Sacramento River station (D24) and in the southern Delta (C9) showed similar interannual patterns in average size although the animals at C9 were consistently larger than those at D24 were. Corbicula in Franks Tract (D19) and the Old River (D28A) south of Franks Tract were also similar in size and in interannual patterns.
\nAt the few stations where Potamocorbula and Corbicula co-occur, it appears that they did not hinder each other’s growth. Both bivalves had large animals at D4, where Corbicula size increased coincident with the presence of Potamocorbula in 1987. Corbicula were observed in wet years prior to Potamocorbula’sinvasion at D7 (Grizzly Bay) and were capable of growing to significant size in wet years (> 20 mm in 1986).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161005","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Crauder, J.S., Thompson, J.K., Parchaso, F., Anduaga, R.I., Pearson, S.A., Gehrts, K., Fuller, H., and Wells, E., 2016, Bivalve effects on the food web supporting delta smelt—A long-term study of bivalve recruitment, biomass, and grazing rate patterns with varying freshwater outflow: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1005, 216 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161005.","productDescription":"xi, 216 p.","numberOfPages":"227","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070546","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314274,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1005/ofr20161005.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.7 MB","description":"OFR 2016-1005 PDF"},{"id":314275,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1005/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay, Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.51953124999999,\n 37.81737834565083\n ],\n [\n -122.51953124999999,\n 38.148597559924355\n ],\n [\n -121.30279541015624,\n 38.148597559924355\n ],\n [\n -121.30279541015624,\n 37.81737834565083\n ],\n [\n -122.51953124999999,\n 37.81737834565083\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"NRP staff, National Research Program
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Menlo Park, CA 94025
http://water.usgs.gov/nrp/
The recently (2013) identified pathogenic chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal), poses a severe threat to the distribution and abundance of salamanders within the United States and Europe. Development of a response strategy for the potential, and likely, invasion of Bsal into the United States is crucial to protect global salamander biodiversity. A formal working group, led by Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins Science Center, and Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, was held at the USGS Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis in Fort Collins, Colorado, United States from June 23 to June 25, 2015, to identify crucial Bsal research and monitoring needs that could inform conservation and management strategies for salamanders in the United States. Key findings of the workshop included the following: (1) the introduction of Bsal into the United States is highly probable, if not inevitable, thus requiring development of immediate short-term and long-term intervention strategies to prevent Bsal establishment and biodiversity decline; (2) management actions targeted towards pathogen containment may be ineffective in reducing the long-term spread of Bsal throughout the United States; and (3) early detection of Bsal through surveillance at key amphibian import locations, among high-risk wild populations, and through analysis of archived samples is necessary for developing management responses. Top research priorities during the preinvasion stage included the following: (1) deployment of qualified diagnostic methods for Bsal and establishment of standardized laboratory practices, (2) assessment of susceptibility for amphibian hosts (including anurans), and (3) development and evaluation of short- and long-term pathogen intervention and management strategies. Several outcomes were achieved during the workshop, including development of an organizational structure with working groups for a Bsal Task Force, creation of an initial influence diagram to aid in identifying effective management actions in the face of uncertainty, and production of a list of potential management actions and key research uncertainties. Additional products under development include a Bsal Strategic Action plan, an emergency response plan, a monitoring and surveillance program, a standardized diagnostic approach, decision models for natural resource agencies, and a reporting database for salamander mortalities. This workshop was the first international meeting to address the threat of Bsal to salamander populations in the United States, with more than 30 participants from U.S. conservation and resource management agencies (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Department of Defense, U.S. National Park Service, and Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies) and academic research institutions in Australia, the Netherlands, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151233","usgsCitation":"Grant, E.H.C., Muths, E., Katz, R.A., Canessa, Stefano, Adam, M.J., Ballard, J.R., Berger, Lee, Briggs, C.J., Coleman, Jeremy, Gray, M.J., Harris, M.C., Harris, R.N., Hossack, Blake, Huyvaert, K.P., Kolby, J.E., Lips, K.R., Lovich, R.E., McCallum, H.I., Mendelson, J.R., III, Nanjappa, Priya, Olson, D.H., Powers, J.G., Richgels, K.L.D., Russell, R.E., Schmidt, B.R., Spitzen-van der Sluijs, Annemarieke, Watry, M.K., Woodhams, D.C., and White, C.L., 2016, Salamander chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans) in the United States—Developing research, monitoring, and management strategies: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1233, 16 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151233.","productDescription":"v, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069828","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313292,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1233/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":313293,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1233/ofr20151233.pdf","text":"Report","size":"902 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1233"}],"contact":"Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12100 Beech Forest Road
Laurel, MD 20708
And
SO Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory
1 Migratory Way
Turners Falls, MA 01376
In 1958, the U.S. Geological Survey began documenting hydrologic conditions, including groundwater levels, groundwater withdrawals for agricultural irrigation and public water supply, and water quality, in the South Coast aquifer, Puerto Rico. This information has improved the understanding of the water resources of the region. The hydrologic data indicate that (1) groundwater levels declined as much as 40 feet in the Salinas area and 11 feet in the Guayama area during 2012–14; (2) groundwater withdrawals for agricultural irrigation increased from 6.0 to 10.5 million gallons per day, or 75 percent, from 2010 to 2012; and (3) total groundwater withdrawals decreased from 29.3 to 23.8 million gallons per day from 2010 to 2014. The quantity and quality of water in the aquifer is primarily affected by variations in aquifer recharge as a result of changing rainfall or modes of irrigation; however, the spatial patterns and magnitude of water withdrawals for all uses have a secondary impact on the quantity and quality of water in the aquifer.
\nNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration data from climatological stations indicate that the 30-year normal precipitation for the period 1991–2010 in the South Coastal and Southern Slopes climatological regions was about 37.74 and 61.61 inches, respectively; the 30-year moving average precipitation for the period 1985–2014 was 37.94 and 61.80 inches, respectively, for these regions. The mean annual precipitation during 2012–14 was 13 percent below the 30-year moving average for the South Coastal climatological region and 7.7 percent below for the Southern Slopes climatological region. When rainfall is below the 30-year moving average, recharge is diminished and groundwater levels decline. Annual precipitation in the South Coast aquifer, which includes a large part of the South Coastal and Southern Slopes climatological regions, was 39.42, 37.25, and 34.89 inches per year for 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively.
\nWater level declines reduce the thickness of freshwater in the unconfined parts of the South Coast aquifer. Additionally, the pumping-induced migration of poor-quality water from deep or seaward areas of the aquifer can contribute to reductions in the thickness of freshwater in the aquifer. The reduction in the freshwater saturated thickness of the aquifer in areas near Ponce, Juana Díaz, Salinas, and Guayama is of particular concern because the total saturated thickness of the aquifer is thinner in these areas. Total dissolved solids concentration in groundwater samples indicates a small positive trend in Ponce, Santa Isabel, Salinas, and Guayama. Diminished aquifer recharge during 2012 to 2015 and, to a lesser extent, increased groundwater withdrawals have resulted in a reduction in the freshwater saturated thickness of the aquifer. The reduction in freshwater saturated thickness of the aquifer may affect freshwater resources available for agriculture and public water supply. A prolonged time period with reduced aquifer recharge may have substantial implications for groundwater levels and fresh groundwater availability.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151215","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources","usgsCitation":"Torres-González, Sigfredo, and Rodríguez, J.M., 2016, Hydrologic conditions in the South Coast aquifer, Puerto Rico, 2010–15: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1215, 32 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151215.","productDescription":"v, 32 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065638","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314149,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1215/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":314150,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1215/ofr20151215.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 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U.S. Geological Survey
651 Federal Drive Suite 400-15
Guaynabo, PR 00965
http://pr.water.usgs.gov/
This report documents the changes in seabed morphology and modern sediment thickness detected on the inner continental shelf offshore of Fire Island, New York, before and after Hurricanes Irene and Sandy made landfall. Comparison of acoustic backscatter imagery, seismic-reflection profiles, and bathymetry collected in 2011 and in 2014 show that sedimentary structures and depositional patterns moved alongshore to the southwest in water depths up to 30 meters during the 3-year period. The measured lateral offset distances range between about 1 and 450 meters with a mean of 20 meters. The mean distances computed indicate that change tended to decrease with increasing water depth. Comparison of isopach maps of modern sediment thickness show that a series of shoreface-attached sand ridges, which are the dominant sedimentary structures offshore of Fire Island, migrated toward the southwest because of erosion of the ridge crests and northeast-facing flanks as well as deposition on the southwest-facing flanks and in troughs between individual ridges. Statistics computed suggest that the modern sediment volume across the about 81 square kilometers of common sea floor mapped in both surveys decreased by 2.8 million cubic meters, which is a mean change of –0.03 meters, which is smaller than the resolution limit of the mapping systems used.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151238","usgsCitation":"Schwab, W.C., Baldwin, W.E., and Denny, J.F., 2016, Assessing the impact of Hurricanes Irene and Sandy on the morphology and modern sediment thickness on the inner continental shelf offshore of Fire Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1238, 15 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151238.","productDescription":"v, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-067754","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314316,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1238/pdf/ofr20151238.pdf","text":"Report","size":"782 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1238"},{"id":314303,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ofr/2015/1238","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2015-1238"},{"id":314315,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1238/images/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Fire Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.32824707031249,\n 40.629587853312174\n ],\n [\n -72.76382446289062,\n 40.777421721005936\n ],\n [\n -72.75283813476562,\n 40.76182096906601\n ],\n [\n -73.08517456054688,\n 40.643135583312805\n ],\n [\n -73.28292846679688,\n 40.60978237983301\n ],\n [\n -73.32824707031249,\n 40.629587853312174\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Quissett Campus
Woods Hole, MA 02543
http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/
The Illinois River is a primary tributary of the Mississippi River, connecting with the Mississippi at Grafton, Illinois. The headwaters of the river are at the confluence of the Des Plaines and Kankakee Rivers in eastern Grundy County, Illinois. Approximately 273 miles long, it runs through the heart of Illinois and is the connection between the Mississippi River and Lake Michigan in the Great Lakes basin. Because of this connection, there is concern about the potential for introduced aquatic species in one basin to migrate through this connection into the other basin. A prime example of this are the Asian carps, which were introduced into commercial fishing ponds in Arkansas in the 1970s and, following escape, are now making their way up the Mississippi, Illinois, and Missouri Rivers. Options are being investigated to minimize or prevent non-native aquatic species from invading either basin through the Illinois River connection and eventually having detrimental impacts on the basin into which they migrate.
\nThe Illinois River has a series of locks and dams that are used to facilitate the navigation of commercial and recreational shipping from Chicago to Beardstown, Illinois. One option under consideration is to develop a lock treatment process that stops aquatic invasive species from entering (and moving through) the Chicago Area Waterway System (CAWS), while at the same time not unduly impeding the movement of barges and other boat traffic between Lake Michigan and the Mississippi River. The purpose this report was to evaluate the feasibility of using chemical and (or) physical treatments to determine if a sufficiently efficacious option could be used to prevent aquatic invasive species from being transported through the locks. Approximately 30 chemical and physical control options were evaluated on the basis of nine factors ranging from viability for use on a large scale, rapid lethality, human health effects, and potential damage to lock structures and vessel hulls.
\nCompatibility of the various options was also evaluated to assess the possibility that options could be combined to enhance efficacy. Engineering requirements were not considered as part of this evaluation. The available information suggests that hot water at 43 °C and ozone are the most feasible options.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161001","usgsCitation":"Hubert, T.D., Boogaard, M.A., and Fredricks, K.T., 2016, Identify potential lock treatment options to prevent movement of aquatic invasive species through the Chicago Area Waterway System (CAWS): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1001, 16 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161001.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071535","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313866,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1001/ofr20161001.pdf","text":"Report","size":"223 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1001"},{"id":313865,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1001/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chicago Area Waterway System","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.47015380859375,\n 41.3850519497068\n ],\n [\n -88.47015380859375,\n 42.285437007491545\n ],\n [\n -86.956787109375,\n 42.285437007491545\n ],\n [\n -86.956787109375,\n 41.3850519497068\n ],\n [\n -88.47015380859375,\n 41.3850519497068\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2630 Fanta Reed Road
LaCrosse, WI 54603
http://www.umesc.usgs.gov/
Episodic runoff brings suspended sediment to the nearshore waters of West Maui, Hawaiʻi. Even small rainfalls create visible plumes over a few hours. We used mapping, field experiments, and analysis of recent (July 19–20, 2014) and historic rainfall to estimate sources of land-based pollution for two watersheds in West Maui: Honolua, and Honokōwai. Former agricultural fields and some unimproved roads are plausible sources for polluted runoff, but have saturated hydraulic conductivities greater than the 10–15 millimeters per hour (mm/hr) rainfalls of July 2014. These fields and roads showed minor evidence for storm runoff, and could not have contributed substantially to July 2014 plume generation. Since 1978, rain at intensities capable of causing runoff from former agricultural fields sustained for 1–2 hours is also rare; such intensities have 2–5 year recurrence rates in the north, and greater than 25 year recurrence rates to the south near Lahaina. Streambanks now eroding into historic terraces of sands, silts, and clays are a more plausible source. Although past large storms contributed to sediment loading, annual plume generation is now caused by smaller rainfalls eroding these near-stream legacy deposits. Treatments of former agricultural fields, roads, and reserve forests are consequently not likely to measurably affect sediment pollution from smaller, more frequent storms. Increased runoff from the development of West Maui has the potential to exacerbate sediment plumes from such storms unless there is an effective strategy to reduce bank erosion. Uncertainties in the extent and erosion rate of historic terraces, however, limit our ability to plan mitigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151190","usgsCitation":"Stock, J.D., Falinksi, K.A., Callender, T., 2015, Reconnaissance sediment budget for selected watersheds of West Maui, Hawai‘i: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1190, 42 p., https://www.dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151190.","productDescription":"v, 42 p.","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066158","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314194,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1190/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":314195,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1190/ofr20151190.pdf","text":"Report","size":"22.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1190"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"West Maui","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.70074462890625,\n 20.785646688202153\n ],\n [\n -156.70074462890625,\n 21.03804387657284\n ],\n [\n -156.55620574951172,\n 21.03804387657284\n ],\n [\n -156.55620574951172,\n 20.785646688202153\n ],\n [\n -156.70074462890625,\n 20.785646688202153\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"GMEG staff, Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center—Flagstaff
U.S. Geological Survey
2255 N. Gemini Drive
Flagstaff, AZ 86001-1600
http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/gmeg/
The biological and hydraulic performance of a new portable floating fish collector (PFFC) located in a cul-de-sac within the forebay of Cougar Dam, Oregon, was evaluated during 2014. The purpose of the PFFC was to explore surface collection as a means to capture juvenile salmonids at one or more sites using a small, cost-effective, pilot-scale device. The PFFC used internal pumps to draw attraction flow over an inclined plane about 3 meters (m) deep, through a flume at a design velocity of as much as 6 feet per second (ft/s), and to empty a small amount of water and any entrained fish into a collection box. Performance of the PFFC was evaluated at 64 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) (Low) and 109 ft3/s (High) inflow rates alternated using a randomized-block schedule from May 27 to December 16, 2014. The evaluation of the biological performance was based on trap catch; behaviors, locations, and collection of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) tagged with acoustic transmitters plus passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags; collection of juvenile Chinook salmon implanted with only PIT tags; and untagged fish monitored near and within the PFFC using acoustic cameras. The evaluation of hydraulic performance was based on measurements of water velocity and direction of flow in the PFFC.
\nThe PFFC collected 156 juvenile Chinook salmon and 280 individuals of other species, primarily dace (Cyprinidae) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The collection included one of the 212 acoustic+PIT-tagged fish detected near the PFFC and two of the 1,505 PIT-tagged fish released near the head of the reservoir. No juvenile salmonids were collected between early July and early September when water temperatures near the water surface were greater than about 16 degrees Celsius (°C). Depths of acoustic+PIT-tagged fish indicated a preferential selection of water temperature of 13–15 °C, which was often deeper than the entrance to the PFFC, and those fish rarely were at depths with water temperatures greater than 16 °C. Dam passage of acoustic+PIT-tagged fish was similar to previous years, but much of the passage occurred prior to the date the PFFC began operation. Discovery Efficiency, the proportion of acoustic+PIT-tagged fish detected in the cul-de-sac that were within 10 m of the PFFC entrance and 0–6 m deep (the Discovery Zone), was 0.736 during the Low treatment and 0.639 during the High treatment. Entrance Efficiency, the proportion of fish in the Discovery Zone that were collected by the PFFC, was 0.007 during the Low treatment and 0.000 during the High treatment. Fish Collection Efficiency, the proportion of acoustic+PIT-tagged fish collected of those detected in the cul-de-sac, was 0.005 and 0.000 during the Low and High treatments, respectively. The areas of highest use by acoustic+PIT-tagged fish were between the stern of the PFFC and the outlet of the reservoir (a water temperature control tower), with the greatest use being near the tower.
\nResults from untagged fish detected with acoustic cameras indicated that most fish near and within the PFFC were in the 90–250-millimeter length bin and few were less than 60 millimeters long; most fish were present during crepuscular periods; trajectories of fish outside the PFFC were rarely directed toward the entrance; and many fish entering the PFFC swam back out before they could be collected.
\nThe hydraulic performance of the PFFC did not achieve the design goals of smooth acceleration of inflow culminating in a peak water velocity of 6 ft/s and, as a result, the hydraulic performance likely contributed to the low biological performance. The greatest water velocity measured in the PFFC (1.87 ft/s) was lower than designed due at least in part to the PFFC being lower in the water column than expected. Additionally, difficulties during anchor deployment prevented placement of the PFFC as near to the reservoir outlet as planned, resulting in a PFFC position outside the prevailing flow field and known areas of high fish densities. Overall, the results indicate that location, hydraulic conditions, water temperature, and shallow depth of the entrance were among the factors contributing to the low biological performance of the PFFC in 2014.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161003","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Beeman, J.W., Evans, S.D., Haner, P.V., Hansel, H.C., Hansen, A.C., Hansen, G.S., Hatton, T.W., Sprando, J.M., Smith, C.D., and Adams, N.S., 2016, Evaluation of the biological and hydraulic performance of the portable floating fish collector at Cougar Reservoir and Dam, Oregon, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016-1003, 127 p., https://dx.doi.org/ 10.3133/ofr20161003.","productDescription":"xii, 127 p.","numberOfPages":"143","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066415","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314044,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1003/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":314045,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1003/ofr20161003.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1003 PDF"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Cougar Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.25173950195311,\n 44.06464670206631\n ],\n [\n -122.25173950195311,\n 44.132449357705454\n ],\n [\n -122.2071075439453,\n 44.132449357705454\n ],\n [\n -122.2071075439453,\n 44.06464670206631\n ],\n [\n -122.25173950195311,\n 44.06464670206631\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115
http://wfrc.usgs.gov/
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) utilizes light detection and ranging (lidar) and enabling technologies to support many science research activities. Lidar-derived metrics and products have become a fundamental input to complex hydrologic and hydraulic models, flood inundation models, fault detection and geologic mapping, topographic and land-surface mapping, landslide and volcano hazards mapping and monitoring, forest canopy and habitat characterization, coastal and fluvial erosion mapping, and a host of other research and operational activities. This report documents the types of lidar being used by the USGS, discusses how lidar technology facilitates the achievement of individual mission area goals within the USGS, and offers recommendations and suggested changes in direction in terms of how a mission area could direct work using lidar as it relates to the mission area goals that have already been established.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151209","usgsCitation":"Stoker, J.M., Brock, J.C., Soulard, C.E., Ries, K.G., Sugarbaker, L.J., Newton, W.E., Haggerty, P.K., Lee, K.E., and Young, J.A., 2016, USGS lidar science strategy—Mapping the technology to the science: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1209, 33 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151209.","productDescription":"v, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"39","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065301","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313846,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1209/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":313847,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1209/ofr20151209.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.19 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1209"}],"contact":"Director, National Geospatial Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
511 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
Email:3dep@usgs.gov
http://www.usgs.gov/ngpo/
http://nationalmap.gov/3DEP/