Highlights
• Since the early 2000s, erosion of permafrost coasts in the Arctic has increased at 13 of 14 sites with observational data that extend back to ca. 1960 and ca. 1980, coinciding with warming temperatures, sea ice reduction, and permafrost thaw.
• Permafrost coasts along the US and Canadian Beaufort Sea experienced the largest increase in erosion rates in the Arctic, ranging from +80 to +160%, when comparing average rates from the last two decades of the 20th century with the first two decades of the 21st century.
• The initiation of several national and international research networks in recent years has enabled closer coordination and collaboration of measurements and a better understanding of pan-Arctic permafrost coastal dynamics.
The Dog River and northern part of the Badger Lake 7.5' quadrangles encompasses an area of ~201 km2 (77.6 mi2) of the High Cascades of north-central Oregon, lying across the eastern slopes of Mount Hood volcano (Figure 1-1; Plate 1; referred to herein as Dog River–Badger Lake area). Mount Hood, known as Wy’east to Native Americans, is Oregon’s tallest peak (3,427 m [11,241 ft]). The volcano has erupted episodically for the past 500,000 years, experiencing two major eruptive periods during the last 1,500 years (Scott and others, 1997a; Scott and others, 2003; Scott and Gardner, 2017). Cascade Range volcanism and structural development in the area dates back longer, with eruptive activity dating from latest Miocene to recent time; part of that volcano-tectonic record is detailed by new high-resolution geologic mapping presented here.
The geology of the Dog River–Badger Lake area was mapped by the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries (DOGAMI) between 2017 and 2020, in collaboration with geoscientists from the U. S. Geological Survey Cascade Volcano Observatory (USGS CVO) and Hamilton College, New York. The primary objective of this investigation is to provide an updated and spatially accurate geologic framework for the Dog River–Badger Lake area as part of a multi-year study of the geology of the larger Middle Columbia Basin (Figure 1-1, Figure 1-2). Additional key objectives of this project are to: 1) determine the geologic history of volcanic rocks in this part of the northern Oregon Cascade Range, including lava flows and volcaniclastic deposits erupted from Middle Pleistocene to Holocene Mount Hood volcano; 2) provide significant new details about the structure and fault history along the northern segment of the High Cascades intra-arc graben (Hood River graben); and 3) better understand geologic hazards in the region, related to earthquakes, volcanoes, and landslides. New detailed geologic data presented here also provides a basis for future geologic, geohydrologic, and geohazard studies in the greater Middle Columbia Basin. Detailed geologic mapping in this part of the Middle Columbia Basin is a high priority of the Oregon Geologic Map Advisory Committee (OGMAC), supported in part by grants from the STATEMAP component of the USGS National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program (G17AC00210, G19AC00160). Additional funds were provided by the State of Oregon.
The core products of this study are this report, an accompanying geologic map and cross sections (Plate 1), an Esri ArcGIS™ geodatabase, and Microsoft Excel® spreadsheets tabulating point data for geochemistry, geochronology, magnetic polarity, orientation points, and well data. The geodatabase presents the new geologic mapping in a digital format consistent with the USGS National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program Geologic Map Schema (GeMS) (U.S. Geological Survey National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program, 2020). This geodatabase contains spatial information, including geologic polygons, contacts, structures, geochemistry, geochronology, magnetic observation, orientation points, and well data, as well as data about each geologic unit such as age, lithology, mineralogy, and structure. Digitization at scales of 1:8,000 or better was accomplished using a combination of high-resolution lidar topography and imagery. Surficial and bedrock geologic units contained in the geodatabase are depicted on the Plate 1 at a scale of 1:24,000. Both the geodatabase and geologic map are supported by this report describing the geology in detail.
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M.","contributorId":250707,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duda","given":"Carlie","email":"","middleInitial":"J. M.","affiliations":[{"id":32397,"text":"Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conrey, Richard M.","contributorId":194345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conrey","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13203,"text":"School of the Environment, Washington State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70230002,"text":"70230002 - 2020 - Biology characterization breakout report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-23T14:35:20.517308","indexId":"70230002","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-31T09:31:17","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Biology characterization breakout report","docAbstract":"The primary goal of the biology characterization breakout group was to identify the strategies, tools, data priorities, and key partnerships needed to conduct baseline biological characterizations of deep-sea benthic environments across the U.S. EEZ in the Pacific. 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2020 - Evaluating and optimizing the use of logistic regression for tree mortality models in the First Order Fire Effects Model (FOFEM)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-03T15:25:05.570097","indexId":"70240295","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-31T09:24:33","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evaluating and optimizing the use of logistic regression for tree mortality models in the First Order Fire Effects Model (FOFEM)","docAbstract":"Wildland fires burn millions of forested hectares annually around the world, affecting biodiversity, carbon storage, hydrologic processes, and ecosystem services largely through fire-induced tree mortality (Bond-Lamberty et al. 2007; Dantas et al. 2016). In spite of this widespread importance, the underlying mechanisms of fire-caused tree mortality remain poorly understood, (Hood et al. 2018). Post-fire tree mortality has been traditionally modeled as an empirical function of tree defenses (bark thickness) and fire injury (crown scorch, stem char) (Ryan and Amman 1996; Woolley et al. 2012). Empirical models are commonly used in fire management to predict fire effects (Reinhardt et al. 1997), from the finescale software tools for fire management planning, to process-based succession models (Keane et al. 2011), and global models of the terrestrial carbon cycle (Hantson et al. 2016). Nevertheless, many fire-caused tree mortality models have undergone little evaluation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Fire Continuum-Preparing for the future of wildland fire","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Cansler, C.A., Hood, S., Varner, J., and van Mantgem, P., 2020, Evaluating and optimizing the use of logistic regression for tree mortality models in the First Order Fire Effects Model (FOFEM), in Proceedings of the Fire Continuum-Preparing for the future of wildland fire, p. 239-246.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"239","endPage":"246","ipdsId":"IP-106540","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":412676,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":412660,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/63223"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hood, Sharon M.","contributorId":221183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hood","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37389,"text":"U.S. Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863362,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drury, Stacy","contributorId":302054,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drury","given":"Stacy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":863363,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steelman, Toddi A","contributorId":169893,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steelman","given":"Toddi","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":18060,"text":"School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863364,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Steffens, Ron","contributorId":302055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steffens","given":"Ron","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":863365,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Cansler, C. Alina 0000-0002-2155-4438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2155-4438","contributorId":225029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cansler","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Alina","affiliations":[{"id":41022,"text":"Missoula Fire Science Lab","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hood, Sharon","contributorId":147091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hood","given":"Sharon","affiliations":[{"id":16786,"text":"U of Montana, Missoula, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Varner, J. Morgan","contributorId":265933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Varner","given":"J. Morgan","affiliations":[{"id":36874,"text":"Tall Timbers Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"van Mantgem, Phillip J. 0000-0002-3068-9422","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3068-9422","contributorId":204320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Mantgem","given":"Phillip J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":863289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70217610,"text":"70217610 - 2020 - America’s offshore critical mineral wealth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-16T22:39:44.297129","indexId":"70217610","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-31T09:12:22","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"America’s offshore critical mineral wealth","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Bureau of Ocean Energy Management","usgsCitation":"Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, and United States Geological Survey, 2020, America’s offshore critical mineral wealth, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","ipdsId":"IP-120943","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":383161,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":383160,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.boem.gov/sites/default/files/documents/marine-minerals/fact-sheets/Critical-Mineral-State.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bureau of Ocean Energy Management","contributorId":251708,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Bureau of Ocean Energy Management","id":810363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"United States Geological Survey","contributorId":128013,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"United States Geological Survey","id":810360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70210826,"text":"70210826 - 2020 - Recent planform changes in the Upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-03T14:42:36.620726","indexId":"70210826","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-31T09:03:48","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5000,"text":"Long Term Resource Monitoring Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"LTRM-2019GC8","title":"Recent planform changes in the Upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"Geomorphic changes in the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) have long been a concern of river agencies charged with maintaining and restoring river habitat (GREAT 1980; Jackson et al. 1981; USFWS 1992). Large meandering alluvial rivers like the UMR are expected to constantly change and adjust their fluvial landforms within their riparian corridors as a result of the natural interaction of hydrologic processes, sediment movement, and vegetation over time. However, present geomorphic changes in the UMR reflect altered hydrologic, hydraulic, and sediment conditions caused by regulated flows, constructed agricultural levees and navigation dams, altered land use in the watershed, and climate change. Levees reduce lateral hydrologic and sediment connectivity between channels and floodplains on many tributaries and on the Mississippi River downstream of Pool 13. Between each of the dams are a repeating series of landforms associated with tailwater, intermediate, and impounded conditions. The dams maintain a minimum water level, thus creating many off-channel areas that act as sediment traps. Whereas high-head dams cut off sedimentological connectivity longitudinally through the river corridor (Skalak et al., 2013), low head dams on the UMR only slightly altered transport longitudinally. Deltaic-like sedimentation can be common in the impounded sections of dammed rivers. Erosion of relict land surfaces that remained above the raised impounded water levels has been the dominant change in UMR impounded sections due to increased wind fetch leading to increased wave action. Even though upland sources of sediment from tributaries have decreased over the middle to late 20th century, increased annual precipitation, the interplay of increased variability in flood magnitudes from year to year, and more fall and winter flooding have likely changed erosion and sedimentation patterns in the UMR (Belby, et al., 2019). Paradoxically, monitoring and research indicates that the concentration of some water column constituents like total suspended solids and phosphorous has decreased during the 1991 to 2014 time period (Kreiling and Houser, 2016). In areas prone to increased sedimentation, bed elevations rise and thereby water depths are reduced at a given discharge, resulting in loss of fish habitat. Sediment deposition or erosion further influences water exchange rates between main channel and off-channel areas in the river by increasing resistance in connecting channels or enlarging existing connecting channels. Water depth and water exchange rates are the most prominent features describing habitat quality in the UMR (De Jager et al. 2018), and in some cases, the trajectory of planform change from heightened deposition promises to threaten deep backwater habitats particularly important for overwintering fish.\n\nAlthough information on the rate of vertical change in bed elevation is needed for a complete assessment of geomorphic change associated with the loss of deep backwater habitats, mapping planform changes over time (i.e., lateral changes between the land-water boundary) provide needed information on the location, potential cause, and progressive direction of deposition, especially in the mid sections between dams where deltaic processes are the most pronounced. Several types of planform changes have been observed and identified as concerns. For example, island loss in the large impounded areas of the upper part of the UMR was one of the concerns identified by river managers in the 1980s and 90s, and subsequently island construction became a common form of restoration implemented by the Upper Mississippi River Restoration (UMRR) Program (USACE 2012). Other subtler planform changes, such as channel bank erosion and delta formation in backwaters, are perceived to be important, but have largely gone unquantified. A systemwide reconnaissance of the UMR and IWW conducted in 1998 concluded that 14-percent of the river banks were eroding (Nakato and Anderson 1998). However, stabilization of existing river banks has never been widely pursued as a restoration measure, due to the high cost and uncertain benefits. Delta formation reduces the amount of backwater habitat; however, the deltas maintain and create a mix of riparian and aquatic habitats, and that is generally considered to be beneficial for wildlife and fish. If recent hydrologic trends of more frequent and longer duration flood events continue, a better understanding of planform changes can help in describing past changes, and then be used to forecast potential future trajectories of change. If UMR resource managers determine that past and forecasted conditions are undesirable, then UMRR projects could be identified and prioritized to address those concerns.\n\nVegetative cover associations with landform changes have been used to detect and quantify planform changes in many rivers (Johnson 1985; Hiatt 2015; Volte et al. 2015). Freyer and Jefferson (2013) completed such a study in Pool 6 of the UMR using the landcover data from 12 dates over a 115-yr period, including the 1989, 2000, and 2010/2011 landcover/use (LCU) data from the UMRR Program. Planform change detected over the last 20 years represented by the UMRR Program data best reflect present-day geomorphic patterns, rates and processes. Changes occurring prior to dam construction and changes occurring soon after dam construction are likely not the same as those happening now, 50-70 years after dam construction and creation of the impoundments (McHenry et al., 1984; Bhowmik and Adams, 1986; WEST Consultants, 2000). \n\nThe LCU data from each of the 1989, 2000, and 2010/2011 imagery was developed using similar methods and is available in a Geographical Information System (GIS) for the entire UMR and therefore provides the opportunity for a more comprehensive planform change analysis. This study used GIS overlays of LCU classes to map and quantify changes in planform features over two periods, looking specifically for depositional areas where terrestrial and wetland vegetation expanded at the expense of open water. The land expansion was grouped into four possible process-based types common in large floodplain rivers, some following that used by Lewin et al. (2017). The four types include: crevasse deltas emanating from a breach from a main channel through a natural levee or narrow floodplain into backwaters (crevasse deltas), tributary deltas expanding into backwaters (tributary deltas), deltaic bars at the upstream end of impoundments (impounded deltas), and linear-like bars extending from the downstream ends of narrow levees and remnant floodplains (bar-tail limbs). The methods deployed for change detection addressed possible errors from a variety of sources.","language":"English","publisher":"US Army Corps of Engineers, Upper Mississippi River Restoration (UMRR) Program","usgsCitation":"Rogala, J.T., Fitzpatrick, F., and Hendrickson, J.S., 2020, Recent planform changes in the Upper Mississippi River: Long Term Resource Monitoring Technical Report LTRM-2019GC8, 33 p.","productDescription":"33 p.","ipdsId":"IP-113610","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391325,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":391323,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://umesc.usgs.gov/documents/publications/2020/rogala_a_2020.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90,\n 38.58252615935333\n ],\n [\n -91.0546875,\n 40.07807142745009\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 41.86956082699455\n ],\n [\n -90.8349609375,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -91.2744140625,\n 44.465151013519616\n ],\n [\n -93.55957031249999,\n 46.01222384063236\n ],\n [\n -93.4716796875,\n 46.619261036171515\n ],\n [\n -95.1416015625,\n 46.46813299215554\n ],\n [\n -94.52636718749999,\n 45.24395342262324\n ],\n [\n -93.251953125,\n 44.55916341529182\n ],\n [\n -91.93359375,\n 43.866218006556394\n ],\n [\n -91.1865234375,\n 42.4234565179383\n ],\n [\n -90.791015625,\n 42.22851735620852\n ],\n [\n -91.14257812499999,\n 41.705728515237524\n ],\n [\n -91.669921875,\n 41.07935114946899\n ],\n [\n -91.97753906249999,\n 39.842286020743394\n ],\n [\n -91.318359375,\n 38.89103282648846\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 38.58252615935333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rogala, James T. 0000-0002-1954-4097 jrogala@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1954-4097","contributorId":2651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogala","given":"James","email":"jrogala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Faith A. 0000-0002-9748-7075","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-7075","contributorId":209612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Faith A.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hendrickson, Jon S.","contributorId":177520,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hendrickson","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":791608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70215071,"text":"70215071 - 2020 - 2020 Four-band aerial imagery testing and acquisition for 2020 land cover/land use mission","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-03T13:58:46.733652","indexId":"70215071","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-31T08:58:02","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5000,"text":"Long Term Resource Monitoring Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"LTRM-2018CAM4","title":"2020 Four-band aerial imagery testing and acquisition for 2020 land cover/land use mission","docAbstract":"The aerial camera testing project lays the groundwork for the collection of aerial imagery that will be used in the creation of the next iteration of systemic land cover/land use data for the Upper Mississippi River System. Prior to acquisition in the summer of 2020, the new 4-band aerial camera will be assessed for image quality at various resolutions and be compared to the camera used for the 2010/2011 collection. Systemic aerial imagery has been acquired, and vegetation datasets derived from that imagery, by the Upper Mississippi River Restoration Program’s Long Term Resource Monitoring element on a decadal basis beginning in 1989 and follow-up imagery missions in 2000 and 2010/2011. Remote sensing and geographic information system technology has changed dramatically during this time, transitioning from a workflow based on 9-inch by 9-inch aerial film-based cameras to today’s 80-megapixel four-band digital camera. 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","language":"English","publisher":"Yellowstone River Compact Commission","usgsCitation":"Davidson, S., 2020, Yellowstone River Compact Commission sixty-ninth annual report 2020: Cooperator Report, vi, 38 p.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p.","ipdsId":"IP-127113","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":398916,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":398915,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources/science/yellowstone-river-compact-commission-annual-reports?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, North Dakota, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.6669921875,\n 48.03401915864286\n ],\n [\n -103.86474609375,\n 48.48748647988415\n ],\n [\n -104.56787109374999,\n 48.531157010976706\n ],\n [\n -106.9189453125,\n 47.15984001304432\n ],\n [\n -110.61035156249999,\n 46.63435070293566\n ],\n [\n -111.51123046875,\n 46.118941506107056\n ],\n [\n -111.15966796875,\n 45.1510532655634\n ],\n [\n -110.36865234374999,\n 44.19795903948531\n ],\n [\n -108.96240234375,\n 42.73087427928485\n ],\n [\n -107.75390625,\n 42.48830197960227\n ],\n [\n -106.45751953125,\n 43.16512263158296\n ],\n [\n -105.18310546875,\n 44.574817404670306\n ],\n [\n -103.6669921875,\n 48.03401915864286\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davidson, Seth 0000-0002-9548-468X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9548-468X","contributorId":218042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"Seth","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":827570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70223185,"text":"70223185 - 2020 - Extension directions in the Colorado River extensional corridor compared to fragmentation of a structurally disrupted caldera in the Sacramento Mountains, southeastern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-17T13:50:12.175158","indexId":"70223185","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-31T08:40:51","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Extension directions in the Colorado River extensional corridor compared to fragmentation of a structurally disrupted caldera in the Sacramento Mountains, southeastern California","docAbstract":"The northwest trend of the southern Colorado River extensional corridor in the southwestern USA veers northward between 34° and 35° north latitude. The tilt axes of early Miocene west-tilted volcanic strata in the west-central Sacramento Mountains mirror this bend. Steeply dipping early Miocene strata and volcanics north and south of the bend indicate the strong respectively westward to southwestward tilt of detached fault blocks and probably of the detachment fault on which they are superposed. These fault panels include fragments of the 18.8 Ma Peach Spring Tuff’s (PST) source caldera. The PST occurs in two major detached fault domains in the Sacramento Mountains where outflow facies ignimbrite grades southward into intracaldera facies. The facies transitions, interpreted as part of the PST’s source caldera’s northeastern margin, lie on a northeast extensional azimuth that would restore them to continuity with the Silver Creek caldera in the Black Mountains, AZ, 50 km to the northeast. This extensional vector agrees with some but not other indicators of extension azimuth such as fault striae, ductile lineations, tilt axes, and elongated plutons. The new results imply spatial variability of extension direction and raise questions about the how this variability may relate to the bend in the Colorado River extensional corridor.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Changing facies: Desert symposium 2020","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Desert symposium","usgsCitation":"Howard, K.A., and Ferguson, C.A., 2020, Extension directions in the Colorado River extensional corridor compared to fragmentation of a structurally disrupted caldera in the Sacramento Mountains, southeastern California, in Changing facies: Desert symposium 2020, p. 146-161.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"146","endPage":"161","ipdsId":"IP-116687","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387998,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":387997,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.desertsymposium.org/History.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River extensional corridor","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.00762939453125,\n 34.09588492955209\n ],\n [\n -113.85955810546875,\n 34.09588492955209\n ],\n [\n -113.85955810546875,\n 34.9895035675793\n ],\n [\n -115.00762939453125,\n 34.9895035675793\n ],\n [\n -115.00762939453125,\n 34.09588492955209\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, Keith A. 0000-0002-0802-6462 khoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0802-6462","contributorId":264301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Keith","email":"khoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferguson, Charles A.","contributorId":264302,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferguson","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":34160,"text":"Arizona Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70240818,"text":"70240818 - 2020 - He-CO2-N2 isotope and relative abundance characterization of geothermal fluids from the Ethiopian Rift","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-01T14:53:18.719283","indexId":"70240818","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-31T08:36:37","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"displayTitle":"He-CO2-N2 isotope and relative abundance characterization of geothermal fluids from the Ethiopian Rift","title":"He-CO2-N2 isotope and relative abundance characterization of geothermal fluids from the Ethiopian Rift","docAbstract":"We report He-CO2-N2 isotopic and relative abundances in free gases and dissolved gas phase of geothermal fluids from the Ethiopian Rift. Fluid samples were collected from ~30 geothermal localities from three key regions throughout rifted and non-rifted areas of Ethiopia. The majority of samples, including off-rift samples, indicate a strong contribution of mantle-derived He-C-N to the fluid samples. Helium (3He/4He) and δ15N-(N2) isotope anomalies are highest (> 15.9RA and > +5.0‰, respectively) at a single locality in south Afar (Sodere), but the maximum δ13C-(CO2) (-0.78‰) is found east of Lake Shalla in the Lake District of the Main Ethiopian Rift. High 3He/4He values, consistent with mantle plume contributions, are also evident in fluids from the Lake District, where fluids from the Lake Shalla site extend up to 15.5RA. CO2/3He values span over four orders of magnitude while δ13C-(CO2) values cluster mostly between mantle-like values of -4 and -7‰; only samples east of Lake Shalla display more positive values. Atmospheric-derived nitrogen has likely influenced a number of measured δ15N-(N2) values but following a correction for atmospheric-contamination, the majority of samples reveal positive values (up to 6.5‰) which appear to be coupled to high 3He/4He values. In regions affected by upwelling mantle plumes, such high values have been interpreted to reflect deep mantle inputs of recycled nitrogen.
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The National Map (TNM) portal provides public access to U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) high-resolution topographic datasets, and maps from the Historical Topographic Map Collection (HTMC). Elevation values shown on HTMC maps were obtained from ground spot elevation measurements, as compared to today’s elevation measurements derived from more efficient methods, such as lidar, radar, or sonar. These spot elevations were collected either by levelling in the field or by photogrammetrists in the office, and are called mass points with post-spacings of two-arc seconds (arcsec), approximately 60 meters depending on latitude, in steep terrain and one-half arcsec, approximately 15 meters, in flat terrain (Federal Geographic Data Committee 1997). The vertical accuracy of spot elevations is ± 10 feet. Most spot elevations were used only in contour derivation to create a more spatially continuous representations of terrain, but some were also labelled on the maps to supply accurate elevations of culturally important features such as mountain peaks, gaps, and road junctions.
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Arthur","contributorId":257861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chan","given":"Arthur","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37501,"text":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70218699,"text":"70218699 - 2020 - Fault trace mapping and surface-fault-rupture special study zone delineation of the Wasatch Fault Zone, Utah and Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-05T14:13:50.732481","indexId":"70218699","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-31T08:12:47","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Fault trace mapping and surface-fault-rupture special study zone delineation of the Wasatch Fault Zone, Utah and Idaho","docAbstract":"The Wasatch fault zone (WFZ) is a 220-mile-long (350-km) fault zone divided into 10 structural segments extending from southeastern Idaho to central Utah. The central five segments of the WFZ underlie the densely populated Wasatch Front region, where the majority of Utah’s population and economy are proximal to the fault zone. The West Valley fault zone (WVFZ) is an antithetic structure related to the WFZ and runs through the Salt Lake Valley. Communities on or adjacent to the WFZ are at risk of earthquake damage, due to their proximity to the fault zones. During 2016–2018, the Utah Geological Survey and a U.S. Geological Survey collaborator performed updated fault mapping of 39 7.5' quadrangles along the WFZ using recently acquired high-resolution topographic data derived from airborne light detection and ranging (lidar) elevation data. Previous geologic mapping, paleoseismic investigations, historical aerial photography, and field investigations were also used to identify and map surface fault traces and infer fault locations. Special study zones were delineated around fault traces to facilitate understanding of the surface-rupturing hazard and associated risk. Defining these special study zones encourages the creation and implementation of municipal and county geologic-hazard ordinances dealing with hazardous faults. We identified potential paleoseismic investigation sites where fault scarps appear relatively pristine, are located in geologically favorable settings, and where additional earthquake timing data would be beneficial to the continued earthquake research of the WFZ. The fault geometries, attributes, and special study zones were published in the online Utah Geologic Hazards Portal simultaneously with this Report of Investigation (RI). This report contains supplementary material describing the data and methods used to perform the mapping and in locating potential paleoseismic investigation sites in the study area. This work is critical to raise awareness of earthquake hazards in areas of Utah experiencing rapid growth.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Report of Investigation 280","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Utah Geological Survey","doi":"10.34191/RI-280","collaboration":"Utah Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"McDonald, G.N., Kleber, E.J., Hiscock, A.I., Bennett, S., and Bowman, S.D., 2020, Fault trace mapping and surface-fault-rupture special study zone delineation of the Wasatch Fault Zone, Utah and Idaho, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.34191/RI-280.","productDescription":"23 p.","ipdsId":"IP-102607","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384068,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Wasatch Fault Zone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.21435546875,\n 39.2492708462234\n ],\n [\n -111.46728515624999,\n 39.2492708462234\n ],\n [\n -111.46728515624999,\n 42.94033923363181\n ],\n [\n -112.21435546875,\n 42.94033923363181\n ],\n [\n -112.21435546875,\n 39.2492708462234\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDonald, Greg N.","contributorId":198715,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonald","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":811415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kleber, Emily J.","contributorId":254373,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kleber","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17626,"text":"Utah Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":811416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hiscock, Adam I.","contributorId":214811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hiscock","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":17626,"text":"Utah Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":811417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bennett, S. 0000-0002-9772-4122","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9772-4122","contributorId":29230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":811418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bowman, Steve D.","contributorId":254374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowman","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":17626,"text":"Utah Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":811419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70217619,"text":"70217619 - 2020 - Estuarine habitat use by White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-25T14:20:17.003115","indexId":"70217619","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-31T08:11:20","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7563,"text":"San Francisco Estuary & Watershed Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estuarine habitat use by White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus)","docAbstract":"White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus), a species of concern in the San Francisco Estuary, is in relatively low abundance due to a variety of factors. The purpose of our study was to identify the estuarine habitat used by White Sturgeon to aid in the conservation and management of the species locally and across its range. We seasonally sampled sub-adult and adult White Sturgeon in the central estuary using setlines across a habitat gradient representative of three primary structural elements: shallow wetland channels (mean sample depth = 2 m), shallow open-water shoal (mean sample depth = 2 m), and deep open-water channel (mean sample depth = 7 m). We found that the shallow open-water shoal and deep open-water channel habitats were consistently occupied by White Sturgeon in spring, summer, and fall across highly variable water quality conditions, whereas the shallow wetland channel habitat was essentially unoccupied. We conclude that sub-adult and adult White Sturgeon inhabit estuaries in at least spring, summer, and fall and that small, shallow wetland channels are relatively unoccupied.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of California Davis","doi":"10.15447/sfews.2020v18iss4art4","usgsCitation":"Patton, O., Violette, V.L., Young, M.J., and Feyrer, F.V., 2020, Estuarine habitat use by White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus): San Francisco Estuary & Watershed Science, v. 18, no. 4, 4, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2020v18iss4art4.","productDescription":"4, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118307","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2020v18iss4art4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382537,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.07983398437499,\n 37.23907530202184\n ],\n [\n -121.322021484375,\n 37.23907530202184\n ],\n [\n -121.322021484375,\n 38.42777351132902\n ],\n [\n -123.07983398437499,\n 38.42777351132902\n ],\n [\n -123.07983398437499,\n 37.23907530202184\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patton, Oliver 0000-0002-2911-7718","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2911-7718","contributorId":218217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patton","given":"Oliver","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Violette, Veronica L. 0000-0002-7390-4655 vviolette@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7390-4655","contributorId":222824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Violette","given":"Veronica","email":"vviolette@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, Matthew J. 0000-0001-9306-6866 mjyoung@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9306-6866","contributorId":206255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Matthew","email":"mjyoung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Feyrer, Frederick V. 0000-0003-1253-2349 ffeyrer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1253-2349","contributorId":178379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feyrer","given":"Frederick","email":"ffeyrer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70217284,"text":"70217284 - 2020 - Hatchling emergence ecology of Ouachita map turtles (Graptemys ouachitensis) on the lower Wisconsin River, Wisconsin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-19T12:40:19.075023","indexId":"70217284","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-31T08:06:11","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1210,"text":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hatchling emergence ecology of Ouachita map turtles (Graptemys ouachitensis) on the lower Wisconsin River, Wisconsin, USA","docAbstract":"Despite its biological importance in shaping both individual fitness and population structure, much remains to be learned about the hatchling emergence ecology of most freshwater turtles. Here, we provide some of the first details on these early life stages for the Ouachita map turtle (Graptemys ouachitensis) obtained during 2015–2017 along the lower Wisconsin River, Iowa County, Wisconsin, and integrate our results into related research within the genus Graptemys. Dedicated trail cameras over in situ turtle nests provided otherwise difficult to obtain observational data relevant to natural hatchling emergence without disturbing nests or hatchlings. In contrast to some earlier reports for Graptemys, hatchling emergence was mostly diurnal and synchronous, primarily in the morning soon after soil temperatures began to rise from overnight low values. Data suggest a temperature change model of cueing hatchling emergence, which may represent a local or regional adaptation to reduce nocturnal predation risks, mostly from raccoons (Procyon lotor), or may simply reflect default diurnal hatchling activity patterns when not affected by thermal constraints. Aside from predation, hatchlings on this small study site are affected by vegetative shading, leading to relatively long times to first emergence periods (mean, 82.3 d), low mean nest temperatures (25.9°C), and a likely male-biased sex ratio. These findings highlight the value of hatchling emergence studies in revealing important influences on population viability and in guiding appropriate habitat management in conservation efforts.
Stream-obligate amphibians are important indicators of ecosystem health in the Pacific Northwest, but distributional information to improve forest management is lacking in many regions. We analyzed archived DNA extracted from water samples in 60 pools in streams on private timberlands in Mendocino County, California, for 3 California Species of Special Concern—Coastal Tailed Frogs (Ascaphus truei), Foothill Yellow-legged Frogs (Rana boylii), and Southern Torrent Salamanders (Rhyacotriton variegatus)—to better understand their distributions in the region. Detection probabilities for eDNA of Foothill Yellow-legged Frogs and Coastal Tailed Frogs were positively influenced by water temperature. eDNA occurrence for both frogs was affected by whether silt or organic matter was a dominant substrate in the sampled pool, and Foothill Yellow-legged Frog eDNA occurrence was also affected by water temperature. Foothill Yellow-legged Frog eDNA occurrence had a strong, positive association with water temperature, with occurrence unlikely below 14°C and very likely above 16°C, and a positive association with silt or organic substrates in pools, which was likely an indicator of higher-order stream reaches. In contrast, Coastal Tailed Frogs had a negative association with silt or organic substrates. Historical visual detections were generally congruent with findings using eDNA, but differences highlight important areas for further study. We did not detect Southern Torrent Salamanders using eDNA at any sites. Our study reinforces that ecological relationships of these species are varied, and shows the importance of maintaining the integrity of streams with diverse characteristics for conserving stream amphibians.
Map projections are an area of cartography with a firm mathematical foundation for their creation and display providing a basis for a knowledge representation. Using only variations on a single equation set, an infinite number of projections can be created, but less than 100 are in active use. Because each projection preserves specific characteristics, such as area, angles, global look, or a compromise of properties, classifications of map projections have been developed to aid in knowledge representation. These classifications are used for decision-making. They help select the correct projection for the map use. They assist users with determining the correct orientation, standard parallels and meridians. The classifications also inform the user how to adjust the selection based on size, extent, and latitude. Semantics can be used to automate map projections knowledge into a knowledge base that can be accessed by humans and machines. This work details a semantic representation of map projections knowledge and provides a simple example of a use case that exploits the knowledge base.
","language":"English","publisher":"Croatian Cartographic Society","doi":"10.32909/kg.19.33.5","usgsCitation":"Usery, E., 2020, Semantically enabling map projections knowledge: Cartography and Geoinformation, v. 19, no. 33, p. 66-77, https://doi.org/10.32909/kg.19.33.5.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"77","ipdsId":"IP-116864","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.32909/kg.19.33.5","text":"External Repository"},{"id":384692,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"33","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Usery, E. Lynn 0000-0002-2766-2173","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2766-2173","contributorId":204684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E. Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70219239,"text":"70219239 - 2020 - Dispersal of hatchling Ouachita map turtles (Graptemys ouachitensis) from natural nests on the lower Wisconsin River, Wisconsin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-01T12:50:52.960634","indexId":"70219239","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-31T07:47:42","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1210,"text":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dispersal of hatchling Ouachita map turtles (Graptemys ouachitensis) from natural nests on the lower Wisconsin River, Wisconsin, USA","docAbstract":"Despite its importance to individual fitness and population dynamics, the dispersal behaviors of most neonate freshwater turtles after nest emergence are poorly known. We studied the initial dispersal tendencies of neonate Ouachita map turtles (Graptemys ouachitensis) exiting natural nests during 2015–2017 along the Wisconsin River, Wisconsin. Overall, dispersal was nonrandom, and hatchlings largely oriented toward the nearest substantial vegetative cover, a woodland north of the nesting area. However, variation sometimes occurred in routes taken among hatchlings within a clutch. Directional changes within an individual's dispersal track, including route reversals, were also observed. As our work appears to be the first to use standalone trail cameras as a primary data-gathering tool for a hatchling dispersal study, it highlights the potential benefits and limitations of this technique for similar research.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Mojave National Preserve","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., 2020, Using gravity to map faults and basins in the Mojave Desert, California: Mojave Science Newsletter, p. 9-14.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"14","ipdsId":"IP-118578","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":383406,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":383401,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://granite.ucnrs.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/2020_Science-Newsletter.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Califronia","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.05908203124999,\n 33.770015152780125\n ],\n [\n -114.5654296875,\n 33.770015152780125\n ],\n [\n -114.5654296875,\n 35.98689628443789\n ],\n [\n -118.05908203124999,\n 35.98689628443789\n ],\n [\n -118.05908203124999,\n 33.770015152780125\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, Victoria 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":216217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"Victoria","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70218790,"text":"70218790 - 2020 - Vapor-bubble growth in olivine-hosted melt inclusions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-12T13:34:32.725277","indexId":"70218790","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-31T07:32:11","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vapor-bubble growth in olivine-hosted melt inclusions","docAbstract":"Melt inclusions record the depth of magmatic processes, magma degassing paths, and volatile budgets of magmas. Extracting this information is a major challenge. It requires determining melt volatile contents at the time of entrapment when working with melt inclusions that have suffered post-entrapment modifications. Several processes decrease internal melt inclusion pressure, resulting in nucleation and growth of a vapor bubble and, time permitting, diffusion of volatiles (especially CO2) into the vapor bubble. Methods exist that attempt to reconstruct the entrapped CO2 contents, but they are difficult to apply and yield inconsistent results. Here, we explore bubble growth, evaluate CO2 reconstruction approaches, and develop improved experimental and computational approaches. Piston-cylinder experiments were conducted on olivine-hosted melt inclusions from Seguam (Alaska, USA) and Fuego (Guatemala) volcanoes at the following conditions: 500-800 MPa, 1140-1200 °C for Seguam and 1110-1140 °C for Fuego, 4-8 wt% H2O in the KBr brine, and run durations of 10-120 minutes. Heated melt inclusions form well-defined S-CO2 trends that can be described by degassing models. CO2 contents are enriched by a factor of ~2.5, on average, relative to those of the glasses within unheated melt inclusions, whereas S contents of heated and unheated melt inclusion glasses overlap, indicating insignificant amounts of S partition into the vapor bubble. Low closure temperatures enable CO2 diffusion into vapor bubbles during quench upon eruption, while a higher closure temperature for S limits its loss to vapor bubbles. We evaluate the timescales of post-entrapment processes and use the results to develop a new computational model to restore entrapped CO2 contents: MIMiC (Melt Inclusion Modification Corrections). Heated melt inclusion data are used as a benchmark to evaluate of the results from MIMiC and other published methods of CO2 reconstruction. The methods perform variably well. Key advantages to our experimental rehomogenization technique are that it enables accurate measurements of CO2 contents and allows for large quantities of melt inclusions to be rehomogenized efficiently. Our new computational model produces more accurate results than other computational methods, has similar accuracy to the Raman method of CO2 reconstruction in cases where Raman can be applied (i.e., no C-bearing phases in bubble), and can be applied to the vast body of published melt inclusion data. To obtain the most robust data on bubble-bearing melt inclusions, we recommend taking both experimental- and MIMiC-based approaches.","language":"English","publisher":"De Gruyter","doi":"10.2138/am-2020-7377","usgsCitation":"Rasmussen, D.J., Plank, T., Wallace, P., Newcombe, M., and Lowenstern, J.B., 2020, Vapor-bubble growth in olivine-hosted melt inclusions: American Mineralogist, v. 105, no. 12, p. 1898-1919, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-7377.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1898","endPage":"1919","ipdsId":"IP-114146","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384341,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rasmussen, Daniel J.","contributorId":237828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":47619,"text":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":811886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plank, Terry","contributorId":199797,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plank","given":"Terry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":811887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wallace, Paul J.","contributorId":29308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Paul J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":811888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newcombe, Megan","contributorId":255165,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newcombe","given":"Megan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":51448,"text":"Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":811889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lowenstern, Jacob B. 0000-0003-0464-7779 jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-7779","contributorId":2755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"Jacob","email":"jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":811890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70217884,"text":"70217884 - 2020 - Assessment of methods for soil monitoring in the Adirondack region of New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-09T13:33:48.676583","indexId":"70217884","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-31T07:30:49","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Assessment of methods for soil monitoring in the Adirondack region of New York","docAbstract":"Repeated sampling to detect changes in forest soils was rarely used before 1990, but the value of soil monitoring in understanding environmental change is becoming well established. The growing number of resampling studies has shown that sampling designs and procedures must be adapted to the objectives of the monitoring program and the soils being monitored. In the Adirondack region, current priorities include the response of soils to large increases, and more recently, large decreases in acidic deposition, and changes driven by trending climate such as altered pools of soil organic carbon, as well as other unforeseen factors that will occur in the future. \nTo improve methods and assess the feasibility of long-term soil monitoring in the Adirondack region, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a pilot project to evaluate a new sampling method for characterizing soils on a watershed basis. Results obtained with this new approach, referred to as the ADK sampling method, was compared to methods used in previous sampling conducted in 2004 as part of the Western Adirondack Stream Survey (WASS), and also to previous high-replication pit sampling in the North and South Tributary watersheds of Buck Creek (North Buck and South Buck). The number of sampling locations and spatial distribution of sampling points within watersheds differed among the methods, although pit excavation was used to obtain samples in all cases. In addition, this investigation evaluated the use of small diameter corers as a means to measure forest floor mass with greater accuracy and precision than commonly used methods such as pit excavation.\nSufficient statistical power to detect ecologically relevant changes in upper profile horizons (Oe, Oa and upper 10 cm of the B) were achieved with the ADK sampling method that utilized 18 pit excavations per watershed. The sampling locations were organized within each watershed into three study areas (six sampling locations per study area) that represented the primary types of landscape within the watershed. Sampling at 18 locations per watershed was found to be nearly as effective at detecting changes as sampling at 28 locations per watershed. Numerous significant changes (P < 0.10) were detected with both 18 and 28 sampling locations at sampling intervals of 12 to 16 years. The relationship between soil data obtained with the ADK method and stream chemistry at the base of the watershed suggested that this approach adequately characterized soil variability within the watershed for the purpose of studying soil-stream linkages. Significant changes in upper B horizon calcium (P < 0.10) and Oa horizon aluminum (P < 0.01) were detected when the data from the four WASS watersheds were combined with the two Buck Creek watersheds, which suggested that there would be value in resampling other WASS watersheds previously sampled in 2004 to support a regional assessment.\nStudy results support small diameter cores as a useful method to monitor changes in the organic matter mass of the forest floor. This method showed high reproducibility in repeated sampling tests and lower spatial variability in sample data than traditional approaches when compared on a watershed basis. Soil coring is also faster and requires less equipment than pit excavation methods, which makes it more conducive to sampling over large areas. However, organic matter mass of the forest floor determined by coring was consistently less than the values obtained by the ADK sampling method that used pit sampling and vertical horizon measurements, and also literature values of a previous Adirondack study that utilized pit sampling in which the entire horizon was collected over a measured area. However, a high correlation (R2 = 0.87) occurred between organic matter content (expressed as Mg ha-1) determined by coring and the ADK sampling method. Differing methods with regard to where sample could be collected, and how organic matter was collected for chemical analysis were the likely reasons for differences in quantification of forest floor organic mass. \nCollection of forest floor cores in conjunction with the ADK method is recommended to provide improved sensitivity in detecting changes in the forest floor in proximity of where full analyses of the soil profile are being done. This duel sampling approach represents an optimized method for measuring and understanding how Adirondack soils will change in the future.","language":"English","publisher":"NYS Energy Research and Development Authority","collaboration":"New York State Energy Research and Development Authority","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, G.B., and Antidormi, M.R., 2020, Assessment of methods for soil monitoring in the Adirondack region of New York, vi, 37 p.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p.","ipdsId":"IP-111655","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":383152,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":383151,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nyserda.ny.gov/About/Publications/Research-and-Development-Technical-Reports/Environmental-Research-and-Development-Technical-Reports"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Adirondack region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.69580078125001,\n 43.77109381775648\n ],\n [\n -75.06958007812501,\n 42.988576458321816\n ],\n [\n -73.32275390625,\n 43.11702412135048\n ],\n [\n -73.1689453125,\n 45.07352060670971\n ],\n [\n -74.89379882812501,\n 44.91035917458492\n ],\n [\n -75.69580078125001,\n 43.77109381775648\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, Gregory B. 0000-0002-8035-2350 glawrenc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Gregory","email":"glawrenc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Antidormi, Michael R. 0000-0002-3967-1173 mantidormi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3967-1173","contributorId":150722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antidormi","given":"Michael","email":"mantidormi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}