In 1978, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the State of Washington Department of Ecology, investigated the hydrology of the Sagebrush Flat area as it relates to Rattlesnake Springs.
Rattlesnake Springs and all known wells on Sagebrush Flat obtain water from basalt aquifers. The wells tap aquifers at or below the altitude of the spring discharge.
Water levels in some wells on Sagebrush Flat, and in a well 27 miles to the northeast in an area of no ground-water development, show slight fluctuations that may correspond to annual variations in precipitation. However, hydrographs of most wells on Sagebrush Flat show water-level declines and rises that correspond with the beginning and end of the pumping season. The discharge of Rattlesnake Springs started to decrease at about the beginning of the 1978 pumping season and did not start to increase until after most pumping was stopped.
The water level in deep aquifers beneath Sagebrush Flat is at a lower altitude than in shallow aquifers, and water moves down well boreholes from shallow aquifers to deeper aquifers. This downward movement of water diverts ground water that is moving toward natural discharge points such as Rattlesnake Springs, thereby decreasing the discharge at these points.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr791530","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Washington Department of Ecology","usgsCitation":"Walters, K., 1980, Ground-water hydrology of the Sagebrush Flat area as related to the discharge of Rattlesnake Springs, Grant and Douglas counties, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1530, v, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791530.","productDescription":"v, 27 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1530/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":363686,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1530/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Douglas County, Grant County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120,\n 47.25\n ],\n [\n -119.25,\n 47.25\n ],\n [\n -119.25,\n 47.45\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 47.45\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 47.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db66722a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walters, K.L.","contributorId":105765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38642,"text":"pp1099C - 1980 - Relationships between aerodynamic roughness and land use and land cover in Baltimore, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:58","indexId":"pp1099C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1099","chapter":"C","title":"Relationships between aerodynamic roughness and land use and land cover in Baltimore, Maryland","docAbstract":"Urbanization changes the radiative, thermal, hydrologic, and aerodynamic properties of the Earth's surface. Knowledge of these surface characteristics, therefore, is essential to urban climate analysis. Aerodynamic or surface roughness of urban areas is not well documented, however, because of practical constraints in measuring the wind profile in the presence of large buildings. Using an empirical method designed by Lettau, and an analysis of variance of surface roughness values calculated for 324 samples averaging 0.8 hectare (ha) of land use and land cover sample in Baltimore, Md., a strong statistical relation was found between aerodynamic roughness and urban land use and land cover types. Assessment of three land use and land cover systems indicates that some of these types have significantly different surface roughness characteristics. The tests further indicate that statistically significant differences exist in estimated surface roughness values when categories (classes) from different land use and land cover classification systems are used as surrogates. A Level III extension of the U.S. Geological Survey Level II land use and land cover classification system provided the most reliable results. An evaluation of the physical association between the aerodynamic properties of land use and land cover and the surface climate by numerical simulation of the surface energy balance indicates that changes in surface roughness within the range of values typical of the Level III categories induce important changes in the surface climate.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1099C","usgsCitation":"Nicholas, F., and Lewis, J., 1980, Relationships between aerodynamic roughness and land use and land cover in Baltimore, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1099, p. C1-C36, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1099C.","productDescription":"p. C1-C36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1099c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65473,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1099c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f7d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nicholas, F.W.","contributorId":81540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholas","given":"F.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewis, J.E. Jr.","contributorId":93957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"J.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":43535,"text":"ofr80733 - 1980 - Hydrology of the Lake Deaton and Lake Okahumpka area, Northeast Sumter County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:27","indexId":"ofr80733","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-733","title":"Hydrology of the Lake Deaton and Lake Okahumpka area, Northeast Sumter County, Florida","docAbstract":"The Floridan aquifer in the Lake Deaton and Lake Okahumpka area is 50 to 130 feet below land surface. During the 16-year period 1963-78 lake evaporation exceeded rainfall by 0.4 inches. Drainage from Lake Deaton and its surrounding area goes into Chitty Chatty Creek and on the Hogeye Sink when the altitude of the potentiometric surface of the Floridan aquifer is low. During a higher altitude of the Floridan potentiometric surface, Hogeye Sink may discharge water; this water, along with the normal runoff, goes into Lake Okahumpka. Average lake fluctuation is 1.5 to 2.0 feet per year. Lake Deaton supports a large population of blue-green algae and Lake Okahumpka is choked with aquatic plants. The water quality of the two lakes differ, with Lake Deaton having a sodium chloride water and Lake Okahumpka having a calcium bicarbonate water. Analysis of water and bottom material samples showed that only cadmium and mercury exceeded the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation 's criteria for Class III waters; however, the amounts detected were at or slightly above the limits of the analytical method. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr80733","usgsCitation":"Simonds, E., and German, E.R., 1980, Hydrology of the Lake Deaton and Lake Okahumpka area, Northeast Sumter County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-733, 1 map :col. ;31 x 36 cm. on sheet 71 x 97 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80733.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;31 x 36 cm. on sheet 71 x 97 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":81184,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0733/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd4c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simonds, Edward P.","contributorId":24838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simonds","given":"Edward P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":228340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"German, E. R.","contributorId":86315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"German","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":228341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":38649,"text":"pp813U - 1980 - Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Caribbean region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-14T20:04:36.045306","indexId":"pp813U","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"813","chapter":"U","title":"Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Caribbean region","docAbstract":"The Caribbean Region consists of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (8,990 km2 (square kilometers)) and the U.S. Virgin Islands (350 km2). The mean annual precipitation varies locally from a high of 5,000 mm (millimeters) to a low of 730 mm. Maximum precipitation occurs within the peaks of Sierra de Luquillo, and minimum precipitation occurs along the windward parts of the smaller islands and in southwestern Puerto Rico, which lies in a rain shadow. The annual average precipitation is 1,800 mm in Puerto Rico and 1,061 mm in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Of this amount 1,130 mm in Puerto Rico and 990 mm in the U.S. Virgin Islands are lost to evapotranspiration.
\nAquifers constitute a valuable resource in the Caribbean Region. In Puerto Rico, ground-water withdrawals supply about 38 percent of the total water requirements, whereas in the U.S. Virgin Islands they supply 10 percent. Of the ground-water withdrawal of 350 hm3/yr (cubic hectometers per year) in Puerto Rico, 54 percent is used for irrigation, 29 percent is used by industry, and 17 percent is used for public water supply. Ground-water withdrawal in the U.S. Virgin Islands is about 1.9 hm3/yr and is almost equally distributed between public supply and privately owned wells. Based on past trends and future economic expectations in the region, estimates are that by 1985 ground-water pumpage in Puerto Rico will be about 426 hm3/yr with additional future development potential; U.S. Virgin Islands pumpage may amount to 4.5 hm3/yr, which is the estimated maximum sustained yield of all aquifers under natural recharge conditions.
\nMost large ground-water developments in Puerto Rico have been in the North Coast and South Coast ground-water provinces. The North Coast province contains the island's most productive aquifer, which was virtually undeveloped until 1968, when an artesian system having a 150-meter head was tapped. Since then, the artesian aquifer has undergone rapid development for industrial water supply. The extent of the artesian system is unknown, but it has been tapped within the Montebello Limestone Member of the Cibao Formation and in the upper part of the Lares Limestone. The south-coast aquifer consists of deep alluvial deposits. This aquifer has been extensively developed for irrigation and industrial water supply and can sustain only minor future development under present water-management conditions.
\nIn the U.S. Virgin Islands the most extensive aquifer is fragmented igneous rock, but the most productive aquifers are the marl and alluvial deposits of central St. Croix. Although yields from wells in central St. Croix are low (less than 6.3 liters per second), the aquifer provides about 0.86 hm3/yr to public water-supply wells and 0.54 hm3/yr to private wells. Future development within this aquifer could probably produce an additional 1.0 hm3/yr under natural infiltration conditions.
\nGround-water resources will continue to be important within the region. In order to meet future needs, it is necessary that hydrologic principles be applied in managing the total water resource. Optimal use of the water resources can be accomplished through conjunctive use of surface and ground waters and through conservation practices. Optimal use may involve artificial recharge, ground-water salvage, saline-ground-water mining, use of seawater, desalination of saline ground water, waste-water reuse, and use of underground space for temporary storage of wastes, which could otherwise contaminate valuable water supplies.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp813U","usgsCitation":"Gómez-Gómez, F., and Heisel, J.E., 1980, Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Caribbean region: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 813, Report: vi, 32 p.; 2 Plates: 26.00 x 20.84 inches and 26.00 x 18.79 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp813U.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 32 p.; 2 Plates: 26.00 x 20.84 inches and 26.00 x 18.79 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":65482,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0813u/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2"},{"id":65481,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0813u/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"},{"id":392889,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5075.htm"},{"id":119902,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0813u/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65483,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0813u/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.763671875,\n 18.344097802101548\n ],\n [\n -68.016357421875,\n 18.28151823530889\n ],\n [\n -68.09326171875,\n 18.098865720894775\n ],\n [\n -67.9888916015625,\n 17.863747084405233\n ],\n [\n -67.7911376953125,\n 17.80099604766698\n ],\n [\n -67.4285888671875,\n 17.85851867611398\n ],\n [\n -67.12646484375,\n 17.853290114098012\n ],\n [\n -66.796875,\n 17.85851867611398\n ],\n [\n -66.214599609375,\n 17.811456088564483\n ],\n [\n -65.885009765625,\n 17.848061398396357\n ],\n [\n -65.22033691406249,\n 17.743454870517674\n ],\n [\n -65.0006103515625,\n 17.59166687838161\n ],\n [\n -64.610595703125,\n 17.54977183258917\n ],\n [\n -64.248046875,\n 17.628317078494\n ],\n [\n -64.18212890625,\n 17.821915515968854\n ],\n [\n -64.259033203125,\n 17.942154735291453\n ],\n [\n -64.5611572265625,\n 18.05186707354763\n ],\n [\n -64.8358154296875,\n 18.062312304546726\n ],\n [\n -65.0390625,\n 18.151071665214936\n ],\n [\n -65.126953125,\n 18.34931174429646\n ],\n [\n -65.3521728515625,\n 18.547324589827422\n ],\n [\n -65.50048828125,\n 18.562947442888312\n ],\n [\n -65.643310546875,\n 18.573361883651863\n ],\n [\n -66.3134765625,\n 18.646245142670608\n ],\n [\n -66.61560058593749,\n 18.651449894396634\n ],\n [\n -67.30224609375,\n 18.573361883651863\n ],\n [\n -67.554931640625,\n 18.505656663040533\n ],\n [\n -67.763671875,\n 18.344097802101548\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699747","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gómez-Gómez, Fernando","contributorId":31366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gómez-Gómez","given":"Fernando","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heisel, James E.","contributorId":68378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heisel","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24526,"text":"ofr80739 - 1980 - Hydrology and water quality of the copper-nickel study region, northeastern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T10:37:14","indexId":"ofr80739","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-739","title":"Hydrology and water quality of the copper-nickel study region, northeastern Minnesota","docAbstract":"Data were collected on the hydrology of the Copper-Nickel study region to identify the location and nature of groundwater resources, determine the flow characteristics and general quality of the major streams, and determine the potential effects of mining copper and nickel on the hydrologic stream. Groundwater generally occurs in local flow systems within surficial deposits and in fractures in the upper few hundred feet of bedrock. Yields commonly range from 1 to 5 gallons per minute from wells in surficial materials and bedrock, but can be as much as 1,000 gallons per minute from wells in the sand and gravel aquifer underlying the Embarrass River valley. Groundwater generally is calcium-magnesium bicarbonate types. Over a mineralized zone, groundwater has concentrations of copper and nickel greater than 5 micrograms per liter. The average annual runoff from streams in the study area is about 10 inches. About 60% of the annual runoff occurs during snowmelt in spring. Flood peaks are reduced in streams that have surface storage available in on-channel lakes and wetlands. Specific conductance in streams can exceed 250 micromhos per centimeter at 25 Celsius where mine dewatering supplements natural discharge. Estimated groundwater discharge to projected copper-nickel mines ranges from less than 25 to about 2,000 gallons per minute. The introduction of trace metals from future mining activities to the groundwater system can be reduced if tailings basins and stockpiles are located on material which has low permeability, such as till, peat, or bedrock. (USGS)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr80739","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Environmental Quality Board and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Siegel, D., and Ericson, D.W., 1980, Hydrology and water quality of the copper-nickel study region, northeastern Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-739, Document: vi, 87 p.; 2 Plates: 10.14 x 12.42 inches and 9.87 x 12.38 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80739.","productDescription":"Document: vi, 87 p.; 2 Plates: 10.14 x 12.42 inches and 9.87 x 12.38 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0739/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53577,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0739/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":53578,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0739/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":53579,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0739/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Copper-Nickel Study Region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -91.5,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -91.5,\n 47.5\n ],\n [\n -91.75,\n 47.5\n ],\n [\n -91.75,\n 47.25\n ],\n [\n -92.25,\n 47.25\n ],\n [\n -92.25,\n 47.75\n ],\n [\n -92,\n 47.75\n ],\n [\n -92,\n 48\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e801","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Siegel, Donald I.","contributorId":97499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegel","given":"Donald I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ericson, Donald W.","contributorId":59837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ericson","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24845,"text":"ofr80564 - 1980 - Planning report for the southwest alluvial basins (east) regional aquifer-system analysis, parts of Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:13","indexId":"ofr80564","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-564","title":"Planning report for the southwest alluvial basins (east) regional aquifer-system analysis, parts of Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas","docAbstract":"The study of the Southwest alluvial basins (east) will involve an analysis of the regional aquifer system in parts of Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas. This area has been divided into 22 basins. The study of the alluvial aquifer-system will be made in the following stages: (1) project planning, (2) literature searches, (3) compiling existing data, (4) data collection, (5) basin modeling, (6) regional aquifer modeling, and (7) reports. The regional aquifer study will be accomplished through studying each of the 22 basins. Data compilation and limited data collection will be part of each basin study. Digital computer models will be made for those basins where data are sufficient. A regional aquifer model will be developed from the basin models. In addition to this report, there will be basin hydrology reports and the final regional report. Included in the final report will be a description of the regional hydrology and geology. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division ;\r\nFor sale by Open-file Services Section, Branch of Distribution, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr80564","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Wilkins, D.W., Scott, W.B., and Kaehler, C., 1980, Planning report for the southwest alluvial basins (east) regional aquifer-system analysis, parts of Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-564, iv, 43 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80564.","productDescription":"iv, 43 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0564/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53845,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0564/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db68535f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilkins, D. W.","contributorId":97471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkins","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, W. B.","contributorId":87887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaehler, C. A.","contributorId":59469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaehler","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28507,"text":"wri8011 - 1980 - Digital-simulation and projection of head changes in the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system, coastal plain, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-22T19:16:25.659596","indexId":"wri8011","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-11","title":"Digital-simulation and projection of head changes in the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system, coastal plain, New Jersey","docAbstract":"The Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system of Cretaceous age, which is the principal source of water to the major population and industrial centers in the Coastal Plain of New Jersey, has undergone continuous and widespread reduction in head. The reduced head, already below sea level throughout most of the aquifer system, in conjunction with encroachment of salty water toward centers of pumping, threatens the continued use of the aquifer as a source of freshwater in the area. A single layer, two-dimensional finite difference digital model was used to simulate the response of the aquifer system to pumping stresses during the 18-year period, 1956-73. Model simulations were based on close agreement between (1) observed and calculated heads and head trends for 10 observation wells during the period, 1956-73; and (2) the computed nonpumping steady-state potentiometric surface and a potentiometric surface based on early water-level observations (1900±) solutions. In addition, the hydrologic budget estimated by the model appears to be reasonable for the transient (1956-73) and the steady-state (1900±) solutions. The model was used to compute projected potentiometric heads and trends to the year 2000. Three sets of conditions, all using the 1973 distribution of pumping centers, were simulated. The conditions are:\n(1) no increase in ground-water extractions; (2) continued growth in ground-water extractions at the rate of 1.7 and 3 percent annually; and (3) continued growth in ground-water extractions at the rate of 3 percent annually, in conjunction with the activitation of a freshwater head barrier in the fresh-salty transition zone. Under the first set of conditions, further head reduction would cease over very large regions within two years. Under the second set of conditions involving a 3 percent growth rate similar to that experienced during the simulation period, the broad cone of depression already encompassing most of the New Jersey Coastal Plain would broaden and deepen. Heads would range from 60 to 160 feet below National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929. The reduction of head after 1973 would approach 90 feet in some areas. The resultant steeper hydraullic gradients would accelerate the rate of movement of salty ground water toward the pumping centers. A freshwater head barrier could be established in the transition zone to prevent migration of salty ground water across a 35-mile stretch in Gloucester, Camden, and Burlington Counties. A line of injection wells would be required, with total rates of injection to the head barrier ranging from about 56 cubic feet per second in 1984 to about 95 cubic feet per second in 2000. Barrier recharge rates would be equivalent to about 20 percent of the ground water pumped in the fine-grid area in any particular year for a 3 percent increase in extractions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Division","publisherLocation":"Trenton, NJ","doi":"10.3133/wri8011","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Water Resource","usgsCitation":"Luzier, J.E., 1980, Digital-simulation and projection of head changes in the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system, coastal plain, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-11, vi, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8011.","productDescription":"vi, 72 p.","numberOfPages":"80","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":428011,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35385.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":267005,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0011/pdf/wrir80-11.pdf"},{"id":267004,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0011/"},{"id":159627,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_80_11.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.5420,38.9850 ], [ -75.5420,40.5242 ], [ -73.8501,40.5242 ], [ -73.8501,38.9850 ], [ -75.5420,38.9850 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ade9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luzier, James E.","contributorId":102111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luzier","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26416,"text":"wri8046 - 1980 - Hydrologic analysis of the proposed Badger-Beaver Creeks artificial-recharge project: Morgan County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-12T21:29:23.400082","indexId":"wri8046","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-46","title":"Hydrologic analysis of the proposed Badger-Beaver Creeks artificial-recharge project: Morgan County, Colorado","docAbstract":"A hydrologic analysis of the proposed Badger-Beaver Creeks artificial-recharge project in Morgan County, Colo., was made with the aid of three digital computer models: A canal-distribution model, a ground-water flow model, and a stream-aquifer model. Statistical summaries of probable diversions from the South Platte River based on a 27-year period of historical flows indicate that an average-annual diversion of 96,000 acre-feet and a median-annual diversion of 43,000 acre-feet would be available. Diversions would sustain water in ponds for waterfowl habitat for an average of about five months per year, with a miximum pond surface area of about 300 acres with the median diversions and a maximum pond surface area of about 1,250 acres at least one-half of the years with the historic diversions. If the annual diversion were 43,000 acre-feet, recharge to the two alluvial aquifers would raise water levels sufficiently to create flowing streams in the channels of Beaver and Badger Creeks while allowing an increase in current ground-water pumping. The only area of significant waterlogging would be along the proposed delivery canal on the west edge of Badger Creek valley. If the total water available were diverted, the aquifer system could not transmit the water fast enough to the irrigation areas to avoid considerable waterlogging in the recharge areas. The impact of the proposed project on the South Platte River basin would be minimal once the ground-water system attained steady-state conditions, but that may take decades with a uniform diversion of the 43,000 acre-feet annually.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri8046","usgsCitation":"Burns, A.W., 1980, Hydrologic analysis of the proposed Badger-Beaver Creeks artificial-recharge project: Morgan County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-46, vi, 88 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8046.","productDescription":"vi, 88 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394283,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35413.htm"},{"id":55210,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0046/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0046/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Morgan County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.933,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -103.5,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -103.5,\n 40.25\n ],\n [\n -103.933,\n 40.25\n ],\n [\n -103.933,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611906","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Alan W.","contributorId":41419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":48605,"text":"ofr801183 - 1980 - Flood of April 13, 1980, Mobile, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-26T17:33:44.850156","indexId":"ofr801183","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-1183","title":"Flood of April 13, 1980, Mobile, Alabama","docAbstract":"This report presents a compilation of hydrologic data for the city of Mobile for the flood of April 13, 1980. These data consist of rainfall information, peak discharge determinations, discharge hydrographs for two U.S. Geological Survey gaging stations, peak water-surface elevations, and maps of the area affected by the flooding.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr801183","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U S Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile District","usgsCitation":"Hannum, C.H., and Nelson, G.H., 1980, Flood of April 13, 1980, Mobile, Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-1183, 6 Sheets: 17.97 x 19.53 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr801183.","productDescription":"6 Sheets: 17.97 x 19.53 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":173732,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1183/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":431507,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1183/sheet-NW.pdf","text":"Sheet NW","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":431508,"rank":6,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1183/sheet-SE.pdf","text":"Sheet SE","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":431509,"rank":7,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1183/sheet-SW.pdf","text":"Sheet SW","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":431504,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1183/sheet-1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":431505,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1183/sheet-2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":431506,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1183/sheet-NE.pdf","text":"Sheet NE","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","city":"Mobile","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.36405647371589,\n 30.86130638752823\n ],\n [\n -88.36405647371589,\n 30.47560207711713\n ],\n [\n -87.91388410735023,\n 30.47560207711713\n ],\n [\n -87.91388410735023,\n 30.86130638752823\n ],\n [\n -88.36405647371589,\n 30.86130638752823\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5eefe2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hannum, Curtis H.","contributorId":61467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hannum","given":"Curtis","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":237848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, George H. Jr.","contributorId":83988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"George","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":237849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":49445,"text":"ofr80583 - 1980 - Hydrologic data of the coastal drainage basins of southeastern Massachusetts, northwest shore of Buzzards Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:23","indexId":"ofr80583","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-583","title":"Hydrologic data of the coastal drainage basins of southeastern Massachusetts, northwest shore of Buzzards Bay","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr80583","usgsCitation":"Williams, J., Willey, R.E., and Tasker, G.D., 1980, Hydrologic data of the coastal drainage basins of southeastern Massachusetts, northwest shore of Buzzards Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-583, p. 33, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80583.","productDescription":"p. 33","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169943,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db6076e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, John R.","contributorId":41832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willey, Richard E.","contributorId":39381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willey","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tasker, Gary D.","contributorId":83097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tasker","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":49459,"text":"ofr801004 - 1980 - Hydrologic data for urban studies in the Dallas, Texas, metropolitan area, 1978","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T11:25:22","indexId":"ofr801004","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-1004","title":"Hydrologic data for urban studies in the Dallas, Texas, metropolitan area, 1978","docAbstract":"This report contains rainfall and runoff data collected during the 1978 water year for drainage basins of Joes Creek, Bachman Branch, Turtle Creek, Coombs Creek, Cedar Creek, White Rock Creek, Elam Creek, Fivemile Creek, Newton Creek, Whites Branch, Prairie Creek, Tenmile Creek, Duck Creek, and South Mesquite Creek in the Dallas, Texas metropolitan area. The information will be useful in determining the extent to which progressive urbanization will affect the yield and mode of occurrence of storm runoff. Detailed rainfall-runoff computations are presented for ten storm periods during the 1978 water year. (USGS)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr801004","usgsCitation":"Hampton, B., and Wood, C., 1980, Hydrologic data for urban studies in the Dallas, Texas, metropolitan area, 1978: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-1004, 114 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr801004.","productDescription":"114 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":169990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Dallas","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ce4b07f02db607e00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hampton, B.B.","contributorId":43362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, C.M.","contributorId":106454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":48606,"text":"ofr801184 - 1980 - Hydrologic data for urban studies in the Houston, Texas, metropolitan area, 1978","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T11:34:35","indexId":"ofr801184","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-1184","title":"Hydrologic data for urban studies in the Houston, Texas, metropolitan area, 1978","docAbstract":"This report contains rainfall and runoff data collected during the 1978 water year for drainage basins in the Houston, Tex., metropolitan area. The information will be useful in determining the extent to which progressive urbanization will affect the yield and mode of occurrence of storm runoff. Rainfall-runoff computations are presented for three storm periods during the 1978 water year. (USGS)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr801184","usgsCitation":"Hutchison, J., and Weigel, J.F., 1980, Hydrologic data for urban studies in the Houston, Texas, metropolitan area, 1978: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-1184, 184 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr801184.","productDescription":"184 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":173733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Houston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.36819458007811,\n 30.039377605001338\n ],\n [\n -95.42587280273438,\n 30.039377605001338\n ],\n [\n -95.49179077148438,\n 30.03462216002981\n ],\n [\n -95.56320190429686,\n 30.0262995822237\n ],\n [\n -95.62774658203125,\n 30.001327656702326\n ],\n [\n -95.73348999023438,\n 29.969211659636663\n ],\n [\n -95.83648681640624,\n 29.92756435779241\n ],\n [\n -95.87493896484374,\n 29.888280933159265\n ],\n [\n -95.86257934570312,\n 29.80251790576445\n ],\n [\n -95.86944580078125,\n 29.75364773335698\n ],\n [\n -95.8447265625,\n 29.69640358280457\n ],\n [\n -95.79940795898438,\n 29.672542219068987\n ],\n [\n -95.69641113281249,\n 29.630771207229\n ],\n [\n -95.63186645507812,\n 29.60092416008231\n ],\n [\n -95.51513671875,\n 29.57106827738255\n ],\n [\n -95.40252685546875,\n 29.511330027309146\n ],\n [\n -95.28030395507812,\n 29.485034019181064\n ],\n [\n -95.17730712890625,\n 29.482643134466617\n ],\n [\n -95.086669921875,\n 29.499378142743375\n ],\n [\n -94.99740600585938,\n 29.532839863453397\n ],\n [\n -94.95483398437499,\n 29.551955878093022\n ],\n [\n -94.9493408203125,\n 29.604506272365295\n ],\n [\n -94.96719360351562,\n 29.653449050468925\n ],\n [\n -94.9822998046875,\n 29.680894340704334\n ],\n [\n -95.01800537109374,\n 29.71787396585316\n ],\n [\n -95.0372314453125,\n 29.744109309616487\n ],\n [\n -95.06881713867188,\n 29.76556948666697\n ],\n [\n -95.06744384765625,\n 29.797751134173065\n ],\n [\n -95.07705688476562,\n 29.837070205715218\n ],\n [\n -95.10314941406249,\n 29.871610558533725\n ],\n [\n -95.1361083984375,\n 29.925183985247404\n ],\n [\n -95.15396118164062,\n 29.972780616663897\n ],\n [\n -95.14572143554688,\n 29.997759725578906\n ],\n [\n -95.185546875,\n 30.01916538794235\n ],\n [\n -95.2294921875,\n 30.02511058549258\n ],\n [\n -95.2789306640625,\n 30.029866486852946\n ],\n [\n -95.33660888671875,\n 30.032244351965684\n ],\n [\n -95.36819458007811,\n 30.039377605001338\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c3c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutchison, J.S.","contributorId":104558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchison","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":237851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weigel, J. F.","contributorId":74394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weigel","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":237850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":49462,"text":"ofr801017 - 1980 - Hydrologic data of the coastal drainage basins of northeastern Massachusetts, from Castle Neck River, Ipswich, to Mystic River, Boston","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:20","indexId":"ofr801017","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-1017","title":"Hydrologic data of the coastal drainage basins of northeastern Massachusetts, from Castle Neck River, Ipswich, to Mystic River, Boston","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr801017","usgsCitation":"Delaney, D., and Gay, F.B., 1980, Hydrologic data of the coastal drainage basins of northeastern Massachusetts, from Castle Neck River, Ipswich, to Mystic River, Boston: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-1017, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr801017.","productDescription":"44 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db6074c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delaney, D.F.","contributorId":102128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delaney","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gay, F. B.","contributorId":55002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gay","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24622,"text":"ofr80600 - 1980 - Index of streamflow and water quality records to September 30, 1978, south-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-29T11:04:21","indexId":"ofr80600","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-600","title":"Index of streamflow and water quality records to September 30, 1978, south-central Alaska","docAbstract":"This report, which is one of a series of reports for Alaska, lists stations in south-central Alaska at which streamflow and water quality data have been collected by the U.S. Geological Survey. Included are a hydrologic subregion map of south-central Alaska and a table listing the types of data collected and periods of record. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr80600","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Still, P.J., 1980, Index of streamflow and water quality records to September 30, 1978, south-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-600, iii, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80600.","productDescription":"iii, 54 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0600/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":111911,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dggs.dnr.state.ak.us/pubs/id/11297","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":367084,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0600/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.29248046875,\n 59.0405546167585\n ],\n [\n -141.0205078125,\n 59.0405546167585\n ],\n [\n -141.0205078125,\n 62.804978549147954\n ],\n [\n -152.29248046875,\n 62.804978549147954\n ],\n [\n -152.29248046875,\n 59.0405546167585\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db624659","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Still, Patsy J.","contributorId":27077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Still","given":"Patsy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":7974,"text":"ofr801300 - 1980 - Digital model simulation of the hydrologic flow system, with emphasis on ground water in Spokane Valley, Washington and Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-10T13:27:52","indexId":"ofr801300","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-1300","title":"Digital model simulation of the hydrologic flow system, with emphasis on ground water in Spokane Valley, Washington and Idaho","docAbstract":"A digital-computer model of the hydrologic flow system, with emphasis on ground water, was developed for Spokane Valley, Washington and Idaho. The current rate of ground-water pumping in Spokane Valley has little effect on water levels in the Spokane aquifer, although short-term water-level declines occur locally. The model was used to show the effects of increased ground-water pumpage on aquifer heads and streamflow. A simulated pumping rate twice that of actual 1977 pumping rates of 227 cubic feet per second lowered water levels in the Spokane aquifer less than 3 feet during a 1-year simulation period. This doubling of the ground water pumpage caused a decrease in discharge of the Spokane River, as measured at Spokane, of about 150 cubic feet per second during the summer months and about 50 cubic feet per second during the rest of the year. Leakage from the aquifer to the Little Spokane River was decreased by less than 10 cubic feet per second.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr801300","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with State of Washington Department of Ecology and Spokane Engineers Office","usgsCitation":"Bolke, E., and Washington, J., 1980, Digital model simulation of the hydrologic flow system, with emphasis on ground water in Spokane Valley, Washington and Idaho (WRI/OFR): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-1300, v, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr801300.","productDescription":"v, 43 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":363671,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1300/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":140319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1300/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Spokane Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.71301269531249,\n 47.544090665057986\n ],\n [\n -116.89590454101562,\n 47.544090665057986\n ],\n [\n -116.89590454101562,\n 47.91173983456231\n ],\n [\n -117.71301269531249,\n 47.91173983456231\n ],\n [\n -117.71301269531249,\n 47.544090665057986\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"WRI/OFR","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65ab28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bolke, E.L.","contributorId":52151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolke","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Washington, J.J.","contributorId":93044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Washington","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23423,"text":"ofr80750 - 1980 - Appraisal of ground-water resources in the San Antonio Creek Valley, Santa Barbara County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-16T21:39:59.411695","indexId":"ofr80750","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-750","title":"Appraisal of ground-water resources in the San Antonio Creek Valley, Santa Barbara County, California","docAbstract":"A nearly threefold increase in demand for water in the 154-square-mile San Antonio Creek valley in California during the period 1958-77 has increased the potential for overdraft on the ground-water basin. The hydrologic budget for this period showed a perennial yield of about 9,800 acre-feet per year and an annual ground-water discharge of about 11,400 acre-feet per year, comprising net pumpage of 7,100 acre-feet, phreatophyte evapotranspiration of 3,000 acre-feet, and base streamflow of 1 ,300 acre-feet. The base flow in San Antonio Creek could diminish to zero when net pumpage reaches 13,500 acre-feet per year. The environmentally sensitive marshland area of Barka Slough may then become stressed as water normally lost through evapotranspiration is captured by pumpage. The aquifer consists of alluvial valley fill that ranges in thickness from 0 to 3,500 feet. Ground water moves seaward from recharge areas along mountain fronts to a consolidated rock barrier about 5 miles east of the Pacific coast. Upwelling of ground water just east of the barrier has resulted in the 550-acre Barka Slough. Transmissivity of the aquifer ranges from 2,600 to 34,000 feet squared per day, with the lowest values occurring in the central part of the valley where the aquifer is thickest but probably finer grained. The salinity problems are increasing in the agricultural parts of the valley, which is east of the barrier. West of the barrier, stream and ground-water quality is poor, owing to seepage of saline water from the marine shale that underlies the area at shallow depths. A proposed basinwide monitoring program includes 17 water-level sites, 12 water-quality sampling sites, 3 streamflow measuring sites, and periodic infrared aerial photography of Barka Slough. A computer model of the ground-water flow system could be developed to assess the impact of various water-management alternatives.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr80750","usgsCitation":"Hutchinson, C.B., 1980, Appraisal of ground-water resources in the San Antonio Creek Valley, Santa Barbara County, California (WRI/OFR): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-750, iv, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80750.","productDescription":"iv, 48 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":52752,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0750/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0750/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":405235,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_11757.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Santa Barbara County","otherGeospatial":"San Antonio Creek Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.646,\n 34.678\n ],\n [\n -120.112,\n 34.678\n ],\n [\n -120.112,\n 34.853\n ],\n [\n -120.646,\n 34.853\n ],\n [\n -120.646,\n 34.678\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"WRI/OFR","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a394","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutchinson, C. B.","contributorId":94655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":12324,"text":"ofr80558 - 1980 - Summary of hydrologic testing in Tertiary limestone aquifer, Tenneco offshore exploratory well-Atlantic OCS, lease block 427 (Jacksonville NH-17-5)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":12324,"text":"ofr80558 - 1980 - Summary of hydrologic testing in Tertiary limestone aquifer, Tenneco offshore exploratory well-Atlantic OCS, lease block 427 (Jacksonville NH-17-5)","indexId":"ofr80558","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Summary of hydrologic testing in Tertiary limestone aquifer, Tenneco offshore exploratory well-Atlantic OCS, lease block 427 (Jacksonville NH-17-5)"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":250,"text":"wsp2180 - 1982 - Summary of hydrologic testing in Tertiary limestone aquifer, Tenneco offshore exploratory well--Atlantic OCS, lease-block 427 (Jacksonville NH 17-5)","indexId":"wsp2180","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"title":"Summary of hydrologic testing in Tertiary limestone aquifer, Tenneco offshore exploratory well--Atlantic OCS, lease-block 427 (Jacksonville NH 17-5)"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":250,"text":"wsp2180 - 1982 - Summary of hydrologic testing in Tertiary limestone aquifer, Tenneco offshore exploratory well--Atlantic OCS, lease-block 427 (Jacksonville NH 17-5)","indexId":"wsp2180","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"title":"Summary of hydrologic testing in Tertiary limestone aquifer, Tenneco offshore exploratory well--Atlantic OCS, lease-block 427 (Jacksonville NH 17-5)"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-01T21:42:32.708675","indexId":"ofr80558","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-558","title":"Summary of hydrologic testing in Tertiary limestone aquifer, Tenneco offshore exploratory well-Atlantic OCS, lease block 427 (Jacksonville NH-17-5)","docAbstract":"A summary of hydrologic testing in an offshore oil-test well drilled for Tenneco, Inc. 55 miles east of Fernandina Beach, Florida, is presented. The interval tested (1,050 to 1,070 feet below sea level) is in a calcarenite that is equivalent to the Ocala Limestone (late Eocene) of onshore Florida and South Georgia. At this site the Ocala forms the highly productive Tertiary limestone aquifer system of the southeastern United States. Pressure-head measurements indicate an equivalent freshwater head of 24 to 29 feet above sea level. These pressure-head measurements and an earlier one made in the nearby JOIDES J-1 hole are the only hydraulic head determinations to date in the offshore extensions of any of the aquifers underlying the Atlantic coastal plain.
A drill-stem test recovered water samples containing about 7,000 milligrams per liter chloride. However, seawater used in the drilling process apparently contaminated the samples and the formation water is considered slightly fresher.
The head and salinity data from the Tenneco well suggest that the sampled interval lies in the transition zone between fresh and seawater in the limestone aquifer. These data, when viewed with similar data from JOIDES J-1, show the transition zone to slope very slightly landward. Heads at both wells are compatible with the onshore flow system as it existed prior to development.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr80558","usgsCitation":"Johnston, R.H., Bush, P.W., Krause, R.E., Miller, J.A., and Sprinkle, C.L., 1980, Summary of hydrologic testing in Tertiary limestone aquifer, Tenneco offshore exploratory well-Atlantic OCS, lease block 427 (Jacksonville NH-17-5): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-558, Report: v, 22 p.; 1 Plate: 54.84 x 8.07 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80558.","productDescription":"Report: v, 22 p.; 1 Plate: 54.84 x 8.07 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404614,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0558/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0558/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":404615,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0558/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.52130126953125,\n 30.596547664210643\n ],\n [\n -81.34414672851562,\n 30.596547664210643\n ],\n [\n -81.34414672851562,\n 30.717045911671004\n ],\n [\n -81.52130126953125,\n 30.717045911671004\n ],\n [\n -81.52130126953125,\n 30.596547664210643\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69912e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, Richard H.","contributorId":95860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bush, Peter W.","contributorId":57820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krause, Richard E.","contributorId":40185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krause","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, James A.","contributorId":49772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sprinkle, Craig L.","contributorId":41802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprinkle","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":11063,"text":"ofr801188 - 1980 - Interim report on the investigation of flooding in the Tug Fork basin of Kentucky, Virginia, and West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-26T21:30:35.597498","indexId":"ofr801188","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-1188","title":"Interim report on the investigation of flooding in the Tug Fork basin of Kentucky, Virginia, and West Virginia","docAbstract":"An analytical plan is presented for a study of the effects of land-use changes on the magnitude and frequency of flood-peak flows and on sediment characteristics of the Tug Fork in Kentucky, Virginia, and West Virginia. The plan includes compilation and analysis of available data, collection of new data on small, single land-use drainage areas for deterministic computer modeling, and creation of a computer model of the Tug Fork basin for definition of cumulative land-use impacts.
Also presented is a compilation of the available hydrologic data and a description of related studies expected to provide information and data useful to the ongoing work. The data compilation includes: Hourly precipitation for selected days and annual maximum daily precipitation for nine sites, annual maximum streamflow rates and stages for three stream-gaging sites, hourly gageheight and discharge rates for selected storms at four stream-gaging sites, flood profiles, flood-frequency relations, and other streamflow information.
The Indiana State Board of Health is developing a State water-quality management plan that includes establishing limits for liquid wastes discharged into Indiana streams. A digital computer model was used to predict alternatives for future waste loadings on Little Lick and Big Lick Creeks that would be compatible with Indiana stream water-quality standards defined for two critical hydrologic conditions, summer and winter low flows.
The model parameters included atmospheric reaeration, carbonaceous and nitrogenous biochemical-oxygen demand, and benthic-oxygen demand. The model was calibrated with data collected during three water-quality surveys at low flow. Verification of the model was not possible owing to varied effluent discharge during sampling. During these surveys, in-stream dissolved-oxygen concentration averaged less than 3 milligrams per liter, well below the State minimum requirement of 5.0 milligrams per liter. The model indicated that these low concentrations were caused by high waste loadings, lack of dilution, low reaeration, and benthic-oxygen demand.
The hypothetical summer waste-assimilation study assumed that future reductions in discharge Loadings would decrease carbonaceous and benthic decay and increase nitrogenous decay. This hypothetical study indicated that projected effluent waste loads that would provide acceptable in-stream dis-solved-oxygen concentrations are highly dependent on rates of nitrification. Ammonia toxicity became the limiting water-quality criterion at low nitrification rates.
The hypothetical winter waste-assimilation study indicated that projected dissolved-oxygen concentrations in Little Lick and Big Lick Creeks did not fall below the State standard. Owing to a lack of dilution, however, ammonia-nitrogen concentrations would violate in-stream toxicity standards in both Little Lick and Big Lick Creeks. In order to quantify the results of the waste-assimilation study, it would be necessary to collect additional stream data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr8073","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana State Board of Health","usgsCitation":"Peters, J.G., Crawford, C.G., and Wilber, W.G., 1980, A one-dimensional, steady-state, dissolved-oxygen model and waste-load assimilation study for Little Lick and Big Lick Creeks, Blackford and Delaware counties, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-73, ix, 102 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8073.","productDescription":"ix, 102 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":144253,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0073/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":398235,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0073/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Blackford County, Delaware County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.4453,40.567],[-85.3327,40.5674],[-85.2208,40.5677],[-85.2008,40.5679],[-85.2012,40.4804],[-85.2066,40.4804],[-85.2073,40.3789],[-85.2091,40.3793],[-85.2205,40.379],[-85.2182,40.3073],[-85.2168,40.2198],[-85.2165,40.135],[-85.2157,40.0765],[-85.5763,40.0769],[-85.5784,40.3794],[-85.4451,40.3792],[-85.4448,40.3933],[-85.4454,40.4799],[-85.4453,40.567]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Blackford\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6ab901","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, James G.","contributorId":69137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crawford, Charles G. 0000-0003-1653-7841 cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-7841","contributorId":1064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Charles","email":"cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":161802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilber, William G. wgwilber@usgs.gov","contributorId":297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilber","given":"William","email":"wgwilber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":161801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":23295,"text":"ofr80683 - 1980 - Hydrologic assessment, Eastern Coal Province Area 23, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:03","indexId":"ofr80683","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-683","title":"Hydrologic assessment, Eastern Coal Province Area 23, Alabama","docAbstract":"The Eastern Coal Province is divided into 24 separate hydrologic reporting areas. The division is based on hydrologic factors, location, size, and mining activity. Hydrologic units (drainage basins) or parts of units are combined to form each area. Area 23 is located at the southern end of the Eastern Coal Province, in the Mobile River basin, includes the Warrior, Cahaba, and edges of the Plateau coal fields in Alabama, and covers an area of 4,716 square miles. It is underlain by the Coker and Pottsville Formations and the pre-Pennsylvanian rocks. The Pottsville Formation contains coal beds and is overlain by the Coker Formation in the western and southern parts of the area. The pre-Pennsylvanian rocks crop out in two northeast-southwest trending belts or ridges along and near the eastern boundary where folding and faulting is common. The outcrop of rocks along the western ridge forms the divide between the Warrior and the Cahaba coal fields. Hydrologic problems relating to surface mining are (1) erosion and sedimentation, (2) decline in ground-water levels, and (3) degradation of water quality. Average annual sediment yields can increase by four magnitudes in surface mined areas from 20 tons per square mile per year from areas not affected by mining to 300,000 tons per square mile per year from mined areas. Sediment yields increase drastically when vegetation is removed from the highly erosive soils and from unregulated surface mining operations. Decline in ground-water levels can occur in and near surface-mining areas when excavation extends below the static water level in the aquifer. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr80683","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Harkins, J., 1980, Hydrologic assessment, Eastern Coal Province Area 23, Alabama (WRI/OFR): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-683, 97 p. (some folded) :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80683.","productDescription":"97 p. (some folded) :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95493,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0683/report.pdf","size":"21890","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":155798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0683/report-thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"WRI/OFR","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e86b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harkins, J.R.","contributorId":61072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harkins","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23292,"text":"ofr80576 - 1980 - Development and use of a mathematical model of the San Bernardino Valley ground-water basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:03","indexId":"ofr80576","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-576","title":"Development and use of a mathematical model of the San Bernardino Valley ground-water basin, California","docAbstract":"Part of the San Bernardino urbanized area in California overlies formerly swampy lands with a history of flowing wells. This area , upgradient from and adjacent to the San Jacinto fault, contains a zone in an alluvial ground-water basin that is under artesian pressure. Since 1945, withdrawals have exceeded recharge and caused head declines of more than 100 feet. Artificial recharge of imported water in the upgradient areas may cause ground-water levels to rise, which could cause abandoned but unplugged wells to resume flowing. If so, structures could be damaged. A two-layer Galerkin finite-element digital model was used for predicting the rate and extent of the rise in water levels from 1975 to 2000. Six hydrologic conditions were modeled for the basin. Artificial recharge of one-half entitlement and full entitlement from the California Aqueduct were each coupled with low, average, and high natural recharge to the basin. According to model predictions, the greatest water level rises will be along the San Bernardino front. This area encompasses the artificial recharge sites and also has a thick section of unsaturated sediments for storing ground water. The formerly swampy lands between Warm Creek and the Santa Ana River adjacent to the San Jacinto fault have little additional storage capacity, and water levels could rise to the land surface as early as 1983 under maximum recharge conditions and 1970-74 average pumping conditions. If pumping rates are reduced in the Warm Creek area, water levels may rise to land surface prior to the dates predicted by the model, regardless of the artificial-recharge program. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr80576","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Hardt, W.F., and Hutchinson, C.B., 1980, Development and use of a mathematical model of the San Bernardino Valley ground-water basin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-576, iv, 84 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80576.","productDescription":"iv, 84 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0576/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52577,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0576/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52578,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0576/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0ebe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardt, William F.","contributorId":70013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardt","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hutchinson, C. B.","contributorId":94655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23209,"text":"ofr801204 - 1980 - Floods in Indiana, June-August 1979","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-05T15:31:05","indexId":"ofr801204","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-1204","title":"Floods in Indiana, June-August 1979","docAbstract":"This report documents rainstorms and resultant floods in central and southern Indiana during the summer of 1979. Major flooding was caused by three storms, one in June and two in July 1979, centered primarily in central and southern Indiana. Peak discharge exceeded the 100-year recurrence interval at 16 sites in this area. State Civil Defense officials estimated that almost 50-million dollars damage was attributable to the July floods. Hydrologic data have been tabulated for streamflow sites in the areas of flooding. Reservoir storage volumes, observation-well data, rainfall totals, and discharge hydrographs are presented to show the intensity and time of the storms and resultant floods. (USGS)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr801204","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Gold, R., and Wolcott, S.W., 1980, Floods in Indiana, June-August 1979: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-1204, v, 32 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr801204.","productDescription":"v, 32 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1204/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":372088,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1204/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-84.802483,40.528046],[-84.802547,40.50181],[-84.803928,40.462564],[-84.804504,40.411555],[-84.803917,40.310115],[-84.806175,40.197995],[-84.808291,40.129027],[-84.809737,40.048929],[-84.811212,39.995331],[-84.814179,39.814212],[-84.814129,39.72662],[-84.814619,39.669174],[-84.814323,39.655814],[-84.814955,39.566251],[-84.815754,39.477358],[-84.819451,39.305153],[-84.820159,39.227225],[-84.819802,39.157613],[-84.820157,39.10548],[-84.826246,39.10417],[-84.831197,39.10192],[-84.839515,39.095292],[-84.849574,39.088264],[-84.860689,39.07814],[-84.888873,39.066376],[-84.893873,39.062466],[-84.897364,39.057378],[-84.897171,39.052407],[-84.894281,39.049572],[-84.889065,39.04082],[-84.882856,39.034031],[-84.870168,39.025551],[-84.856959,39.011528],[-84.850354,39.00325],[-84.849445,39.000923],[-84.847094,38.997309],[-84.83983,38.99129],[-84.83712,38.988059],[-84.833473,38.981522],[-84.830619,38.974898],[-84.829857,38.969385],[-84.832617,38.96146],[-84.83516,38.957961],[-84.864731,38.934893],[-84.870759,38.929231],[-84.877762,38.920357],[-84.879268,38.916116],[-84.878817,38.913405],[-84.877029,38.909016],[-84.870124,38.900389],[-84.867778,38.899133],[-84.860759,38.897654],[-84.830472,38.897256],[-84.819073,38.895469],[-84.812746,38.895132],[-84.800247,38.89107],[-84.788143,38.883728],[-84.786406,38.88222],[-84.785234,38.880439],[-84.784579,38.87532],[-84.785799,38.869496],[-84.788302,38.864325],[-84.791002,38.860572],[-84.793714,38.857788],[-84.803247,38.850723],[-84.817169,38.84342],[-84.823363,38.839196],[-84.827488,38.834909],[-84.829958,38.830632],[-84.829886,38.825405],[-84.827098,38.818634],[-84.816506,38.80532],[-84.813939,38.800209],[-84.811645,38.792766],[-84.811752,38.789169],[-84.812877,38.786087],[-84.814641,38.784488],[-84.821378,38.783111],[-84.828714,38.783208],[-84.835672,38.784289],[-84.847918,38.788106],[-84.856904,38.790224],[-84.887919,38.794652],[-84.89393,38.793704],[-84.901874,38.790604],[-84.915234,38.784086],[-84.932977,38.777519],[-84.941071,38.775627],[-84.947644,38.775273],[-84.962535,38.778035],[-84.978723,38.77928],[-84.990006,38.778383],[-84.995939,38.776756],[-84.999949,38.774715],[-85.011772,38.766712],[-85.040938,38.755163],[-85.047967,38.750849],[-85.060264,38.744948],[-85.071928,38.741567],[-85.076369,38.739496],[-85.08218,38.735439],[-85.100963,38.7268],[-85.103313,38.725323],[-85.106979,38.72163],[-85.106902,38.720789],[-85.121357,38.711232],[-85.133049,38.702375],[-85.13868,38.699168],[-85.146861,38.695427],[-85.156158,38.692251],[-85.172528,38.688082],[-85.177112,38.688405],[-85.187278,38.687609],[-85.190507,38.68795],[-85.2045,38.691692],[-85.213257,38.695446],[-85.221124,38.700957],[-85.226062,38.705456],[-85.238665,38.722494],[-85.242434,38.726235],[-85.246505,38.731821],[-85.258846,38.737754],[-85.267639,38.739899],[-85.275454,38.741172],[-85.289226,38.74241],[-85.306049,38.741649],[-85.330807,38.736705],[-85.340953,38.733893],[-85.351776,38.731638],[-85.363827,38.730477],[-85.372284,38.730576],[-85.400481,38.73598],[-85.410925,38.73708],[-85.416631,38.736272],[-85.422021,38.734834],[-85.434065,38.729455],[-85.437766,38.726405],[-85.442271,38.71985],[-85.448862,38.713368],[-85.452114,38.709348],[-85.455967,38.695655],[-85.456978,38.689135],[-85.456481,38.685069],[-85.455486,38.68209],[-85.444815,38.670083],[-85.438742,38.659319],[-85.437738,38.648898],[-85.439458,38.632366],[-85.439351,38.610388],[-85.438594,38.605405],[-85.437446,38.601724],[-85.43617,38.598292],[-85.419883,38.573558],[-85.415821,38.563558],[-85.415272,38.555416],[-85.4156,38.546341],[-85.417322,38.540763],[-85.423077,38.531581],[-85.425787,38.52873],[-85.433136,38.523914],[-85.441725,38.520191],[-85.458496,38.5144],[-85.462518,38.512602],[-85.466691,38.51028],[-85.472221,38.506279],[-85.474354,38.504074],[-85.47767,38.49832],[-85.479472,38.494533],[-85.481246,38.488374],[-85.482897,38.485701],[-85.491422,38.474702],[-85.498866,38.468242],[-85.516939,38.461357],[-85.527164,38.45829],[-85.536542,38.456083],[-85.553304,38.45388],[-85.575254,38.453292],[-85.587758,38.450495],[-85.603833,38.442094],[-85.607629,38.439295],[-85.620521,38.423105],[-85.620329,38.421697],[-85.621625,38.417089],[-85.629961,38.402306],[-85.632937,38.395666],[-85.638041,38.380338],[-85.638521,38.376802],[-85.638009,38.366115],[-85.638777,38.361443],[-85.646201,38.342916],[-85.653641,38.327108],[-85.659897,38.319396],[-85.668698,38.310517],[-85.675017,38.301317],[-85.683561,38.295469],[-85.738746,38.269366],[-85.744862,38.26717],[-85.750962,38.26787],[-85.761062,38.27257],[-85.766563,38.27767],[-85.765763,38.279669],[-85.765963,38.280469],[-85.773363,38.286169],[-85.780963,38.288469],[-85.791563,38.288569],[-85.794063,38.287869],[-85.796063,38.286669],[-85.802563,38.284969],[-85.816164,38.282969],[-85.823764,38.280569],[-85.829364,38.276769],[-85.834864,38.268069],[-85.838064,38.257369],[-85.837964,38.25117],[-85.839664,38.23977],[-85.845464,38.23027],[-85.851436,38.223189],[-85.868564,38.211969],[-85.880264,38.203369],[-85.894764,38.188469],[-85.897664,38.184269],[-85.908764,38.161169],[-85.909464,38.14007],[-85.905164,38.11107],[-85.904564,38.10027],[-85.906163,38.08617],[-85.913163,38.07337],[-85.915643,38.06647],[-85.916987,38.061846],[-85.918379,38.054214],[-85.919563,38.041079],[-85.921371,38.032135],[-85.922395,38.028679],[-85.925418,38.023456],[-85.930235,38.018311],[-85.934635,38.014423],[-85.939483,38.010951],[-85.951467,38.005608],[-85.958299,38.004616],[-85.976028,38.00356],[-85.996582,38.000073],[-86.009127,37.998529],[-86.020655,37.996116],[-86.029509,37.99264],[-86.032468,37.9901],[-86.035012,37.984814],[-86.035279,37.981228],[-86.033386,37.970382],[-86.034355,37.964621],[-86.036013,37.961703],[-86.038188,37.95935],[-86.042354,37.958018],[-86.045208,37.958258],[-86.048458,37.959369],[-86.053912,37.963571],[-86.061731,37.971326],[-86.064859,37.975618],[-86.071644,37.9872],[-86.074915,37.993345],[-86.07398,37.995449],[-86.075393,37.996948],[-86.080034,38.000848],[-86.087525,38.005127],[-86.095766,38.00893],[-86.108156,38.013416],[-86.118208,38.015279],[-86.12757,38.016011],[-86.141063,38.01547],[-86.16731,38.009879],[-86.172186,38.00992],[-86.178983,38.011308],[-86.190927,38.016438],[-86.206439,38.021876],[-86.220371,38.027922],[-86.225519,38.03328],[-86.233057,38.039305],[-86.249972,38.04583],[-86.261273,38.052721],[-86.266891,38.057125],[-86.273584,38.067443],[-86.27872,38.089303],[-86.278656,38.098509],[-86.271223,38.130112],[-86.271802,38.137874],[-86.287773,38.15805],[-86.304155,38.167872],[-86.317139,38.172907],[-86.33281,38.182938],[-86.347736,38.195363],[-86.360377,38.198796],[-86.373801,38.193352],[-86.378151,38.185845],[-86.377434,38.171379],[-86.37174,38.164183],[-86.353625,38.159579],[-86.325941,38.154317],[-86.321274,38.147418],[-86.323453,38.139032],[-86.328398,38.132877],[-86.335145,38.129242],[-86.352466,38.128459],[-86.375324,38.130629],[-86.379775,38.129274],[-86.387216,38.124632],[-86.396215,38.107789],[-86.401653,38.105396],[-86.405068,38.105801],[-86.41876,38.117693],[-86.431749,38.126121],[-86.449793,38.127223],[-86.457115,38.124531],[-86.463248,38.119278],[-86.466081,38.114437],[-86.466217,38.106781],[-86.463858,38.101177],[-86.458795,38.096404],[-86.434046,38.086763],[-86.430091,38.078638],[-86.432789,38.067171],[-86.438236,38.060426],[-86.452192,38.05049],[-86.471903,38.046218],[-86.480393,38.045578],[-86.500051,38.045757],[-86.51176,38.044448],[-86.517289,38.042634],[-86.519404,38.041241],[-86.521825,38.038327],[-86.524969,38.027879],[-86.524385,38.018609],[-86.524656,38.012894],[-86.525671,38.007145],[-86.525844,37.998385],[-86.524888,37.981834],[-86.525174,37.968228],[-86.523831,37.962169],[-86.520503,37.954438],[-86.518575,37.951798],[-86.512588,37.94695],[-86.50939,37.942492],[-86.507043,37.936439],[-86.50662,37.930719],[-86.507831,37.928829],[-86.511005,37.92612],[-86.51924,37.922163],[-86.528279,37.918618],[-86.534156,37.917007],[-86.540722,37.916871],[-86.548507,37.917842],[-86.566256,37.922164],[-86.580322,37.923145],[-86.586542,37.922285],[-86.588581,37.921159],[-86.596125,37.914289],[-86.598452,37.910965],[-86.599848,37.906754],[-86.600096,37.901218],[-86.598151,37.884553],[-86.598317,37.88042],[-86.59939,37.874753],[-86.597476,37.871478],[-86.59732,37.870162],[-86.598108,37.867382],[-86.604624,37.858272],[-86.609163,37.855408],[-86.615215,37.852857],[-86.625763,37.847266],[-86.634271,37.843845],[-86.638265,37.842718],[-86.648028,37.841425],[-86.652516,37.841636],[-86.655286,37.842505],[-86.658268,37.844144],[-86.661637,37.849714],[-86.662495,37.856951],[-86.661233,37.862761],[-86.658374,37.869376],[-86.648727,37.886036],[-86.644754,37.894806],[-86.644039,37.898202],[-86.644143,37.902366],[-86.645513,37.906529],[-86.647081,37.908621],[-86.650087,37.910616],[-86.660888,37.913059],[-86.673038,37.914903],[-86.680929,37.91501],[-86.686015,37.913084],[-86.691994,37.908529],[-86.707816,37.898367],[-86.716138,37.894073],[-86.718462,37.893123],[-86.722247,37.892648],[-86.73146,37.89434],[-86.734718,37.896587],[-86.75099,37.912893],[-86.765054,37.93251],[-86.779993,37.956522],[-86.788044,37.97284],[-86.790597,37.980062],[-86.794985,37.988982],[-86.810913,37.99715],[-86.815267,37.998877],[-86.820071,37.999392],[-86.823491,37.998939],[-86.835161,37.99375],[-86.849027,37.99002],[-86.85595,37.987292],[-86.863224,37.982495],[-86.866936,37.979294],[-86.870388,37.975276],[-86.875874,37.97077],[-86.881338,37.967523],[-86.884961,37.964373],[-86.892084,37.955929],[-86.902413,37.946161],[-86.907131,37.943023],[-86.919329,37.936664],[-86.927747,37.934956],[-86.933357,37.934939],[-86.944633,37.933534],[-86.964785,37.932384],[-86.969044,37.932858],[-86.978834,37.930233],[-87.003301,37.922395],[-87.010315,37.919668],[-87.033444,37.906593],[-87.042249,37.898291],[-87.045101,37.893775],[-87.046237,37.889866],[-87.045894,37.887574],[-87.044144,37.884025],[-87.043407,37.87994],[-87.043049,37.875049],[-87.043854,37.870796],[-87.04926,37.859745],[-87.051452,37.853681],[-87.055404,37.835297],[-87.057836,37.827457],[-87.065388,37.810481],[-87.067836,37.806065],[-87.070732,37.801937],[-87.077404,37.796209],[-87.090636,37.787808],[-87.0999,37.78464],[-87.111133,37.782512],[-87.119229,37.782848],[-87.127533,37.78504],[-87.129629,37.786608],[-87.133149,37.792208],[-87.137502,37.807264],[-87.14195,37.816176],[-87.153486,37.832384],[-87.158878,37.837871],[-87.162319,37.840159],[-87.164863,37.841215],[-87.170831,37.842319],[-87.180063,37.841375],[-87.20224,37.843791],[-87.212416,37.846223],[-87.220944,37.849134],[-87.25525,37.867326],[-87.26293,37.872846],[-87.26989,37.879854],[-87.27437,37.882942],[-87.302324,37.898445],[-87.320036,37.905741],[-87.331765,37.908253],[-87.334165,37.908205],[-87.335397,37.907565],[-87.344933,37.911164],[-87.352614,37.916124],[-87.35471,37.918252],[-87.358294,37.92054],[-87.361638,37.921004],[-87.363622,37.922348],[-87.372327,37.930028],[-87.372711,37.930556],[-87.372039,37.931708],[-87.372439,37.932044],[-87.380247,37.935596],[-87.40116,37.941227],[-87.402632,37.942267],[-87.418585,37.944763],[-87.428521,37.944811],[-87.436859,37.944192],[-87.447786,37.942427],[-87.450458,37.941451],[-87.465514,37.93369],[-87.486347,37.920218],[-87.490411,37.916682],[-87.501131,37.909162],[-87.507483,37.90673],[-87.511499,37.906426],[-87.520284,37.912618],[-87.531532,37.916298],[-87.545901,37.922666],[-87.551277,37.925418],[-87.559342,37.931146],[-87.56587,37.93793],[-87.568398,37.941226],[-87.57203,37.947466],[-87.574287,37.954842],[-87.573415,37.962642],[-87.574715,37.967742],[-87.577915,37.971542],[-87.581115,37.973442],[-87.585916,37.975442],[-87.589816,37.976042],[-87.592916,37.975842],[-87.596716,37.974842],[-87.601416,37.972542],[-87.603816,37.968942],[-87.605216,37.965142],[-87.605216,37.961442],[-87.603516,37.958942],[-87.606216,37.949642],[-87.610816,37.944602],[-87.619488,37.938538],[-87.625616,37.933442],[-87.62896,37.926714],[-87.628416,37.92145],[-87.626256,37.916138],[-87.623296,37.910746],[-87.620272,37.906922],[-87.608479,37.898794],[-87.601967,37.895722],[-87.597118,37.892394],[-87.591582,37.887194],[-87.588426,37.868791],[-87.588729,37.860984],[-87.591504,37.856642],[-87.606599,37.838669],[-87.612426,37.83384],[-87.615399,37.831974],[-87.625014,37.829077],[-87.635806,37.827015],[-87.645858,37.825899],[-87.655171,37.826037],[-87.666522,37.827455],[-87.672397,37.829127],[-87.675538,37.831732],[-87.679188,37.836321],[-87.680689,37.84062],[-87.6819,37.84641],[-87.681633,37.855917],[-87.6754,37.865946],[-87.673186,37.868412],[-87.668879,37.871497],[-87.666175,37.874146],[-87.664101,37.877176],[-87.66282,37.881449],[-87.662865,37.885578],[-87.665025,37.893514],[-87.666481,37.895786],[-87.671457,37.899498],[-87.67573,37.90193],[-87.680338,37.903274],[-87.684018,37.903498],[-87.688338,37.902474],[-87.700915,37.897274],[-87.710675,37.893898],[-87.717971,37.89257],[-87.723635,37.892058],[-87.7333,37.894346],[-87.740148,37.89465],[-87.76226,37.890906],[-87.771004,37.886261],[-87.773015,37.884544],[-87.783643,37.877759],[-87.786407,37.876556],[-87.7909,37.875714],[-87.795185,37.875273],[-87.808013,37.875191],[-87.830578,37.876516],[-87.833883,37.877324],[-87.838102,37.879769],[-87.841193,37.882325],[-87.841615,37.883393],[-87.841693,37.887685],[-87.844691,37.892048],[-87.84559,37.893151],[-87.857243,37.900649],[-87.858738,37.902779],[-87.863097,37.911858],[-87.865558,37.915056],[-87.87254,37.920999],[-87.877325,37.924034],[-87.883321,37.926238],[-87.892471,37.92793],[-87.898062,37.927514],[-87.904789,37.924892],[-87.921744,37.907885],[-87.927769,37.900924],[-87.932129,37.89732],[-87.936784,37.892587],[-87.938365,37.890802],[-87.940069,37.88767],[-87.941021,37.879168],[-87.940005,37.875044],[-87.938128,37.870651],[-87.936228,37.867937],[-87.927303,37.858709],[-87.914892,37.849618],[-87.910276,37.843416],[-87.907773,37.837611],[-87.903804,37.817762],[-87.904595,37.812526],[-87.90681,37.807624],[-87.911087,37.805158],[-87.919138,37.802128],[-87.927543,37.799851],[-87.932554,37.797672],[-87.934936,37.79522],[-87.934698,37.791827],[-87.935861,37.789703],[-87.938598,37.787914],[-87.944506,37.775256],[-87.946463,37.773477],[-87.948594,37.772344],[-87.95259,37.771742],[-87.96003,37.773223],[-87.970262,37.781856],[-87.971805,37.784648],[-87.976389,37.788004],[-87.984358,37.7918],[-87.987157,37.792202],[-87.991168,37.794049],[-87.993099,37.795756],[-87.997102,37.797672],[-88.004706,37.800145],[-88.015144,37.80193],[-88.021021,37.801409],[-88.02803,37.799224],[-88.029382,37.803601],[-88.045939,37.807481],[-88.049528,37.81107],[-88.051771,37.813761],[-88.051771,37.817799],[-88.049079,37.826322],[-88.044145,37.830808],[-88.043247,37.836639],[-88.044593,37.840677],[-88.053116,37.847854],[-88.056705,37.85548],[-88.058499,37.865349],[-88.056705,37.872078],[-88.054462,37.877461],[-88.050425,37.882844],[-88.033378,37.894059],[-88.031584,37.901685],[-88.044145,37.926805],[-88.036124,37.942746],[-88.012929,37.966544],[-88.012574,37.977062],[-88.025831,38.007245],[-88.02979,38.025046],[-88.025304,38.038055],[-88.020369,38.046578],[-88.009603,38.04927],[-87.990314,38.056447],[-87.984931,38.069008],[-87.986725,38.076185],[-87.9948,38.083362],[-87.998389,38.090091],[-87.999734,38.100857],[-87.990763,38.110726],[-87.974272,38.121981],[-87.945472,38.126616],[-87.92168,38.148407],[-87.922577,38.160071],[-87.928858,38.168594],[-87.937162,38.172189],[-87.9595,38.184376],[-87.975819,38.197834],[-87.984234,38.20996],[-87.982688,38.221527],[-87.979548,38.228256],[-87.975511,38.232742],[-87.968968,38.237389],[-87.960225,38.237118],[-87.950838,38.247097],[-87.945904,38.256966],[-87.951277,38.26875],[-87.952125,38.273763],[-87.938727,38.289264],[-87.928858,38.292404],[-87.92168,38.289712],[-87.916746,38.284778],[-87.913606,38.276703],[-87.908223,38.274012],[-87.898802,38.276255],[-87.887849,38.285299],[-87.883102,38.293301],[-87.88041,38.299581],[-87.875476,38.301376],[-87.868747,38.299133],[-87.860224,38.291507],[-87.853046,38.289264],[-87.844972,38.29061],[-87.838243,38.29375],[-87.833757,38.299133],[-87.831972,38.307241],[-87.832723,38.324853],[-87.822721,38.346912],[-87.806075,38.363143],[-87.779996,38.370842],[-87.745254,38.408996],[-87.74104,38.435576],[-87.730699,38.442908],[-87.730134,38.446518],[-87.735729,38.452986],[-87.74317,38.459019],[-87.743535,38.467774],[-87.739522,38.475069],[-87.730768,38.478717],[-87.714047,38.47988],[-87.693188,38.488038],[-87.678374,38.498438],[-87.663701,38.502931],[-87.657084,38.507169],[-87.654166,38.511911],[-87.653802,38.517382],[-87.65578,38.521206],[-87.660732,38.541092],[-87.650704,38.55624],[-87.651529,38.568166],[-87.637752,38.588512],[-87.629362,38.589971],[-87.626444,38.591066],[-87.62389,38.593984],[-87.624143,38.596955],[-87.627348,38.60544],[-87.622375,38.618873],[-87.62012,38.639489],[-87.593678,38.667402],[-87.545538,38.677613],[-87.531231,38.684036],[-87.519609,38.697198],[-87.516707,38.716333],[-87.496494,38.742728],[-87.498948,38.757774],[-87.496537,38.778571],[-87.527342,38.818121],[-87.521681,38.826576],[-87.525893,38.848795],[-87.550515,38.85956],[-87.553384,38.863344],[-87.54737,38.875614],[-87.544089,38.895093],[-87.527645,38.907688],[-87.518826,38.923205],[-87.512187,38.954417],[-87.529496,38.971925],[-87.578319,38.988786],[-87.579117,39.001607],[-87.569696,39.019413],[-87.575027,39.034062],[-87.572588,39.057286],[-87.596373,39.079639],[-87.608517,39.082445],[-87.613513,39.085568],[-87.616636,39.08994],[-87.61726,39.096186],[-87.619134,39.100557],[-87.625379,39.101806],[-87.630376,39.104305],[-87.632249,39.106803],[-87.632874,39.11055],[-87.632245,39.118702],[-87.643145,39.128562],[-87.64599,39.1449],[-87.640435,39.166727],[-87.620796,39.17479],[-87.588614,39.197824],[-87.577029,39.211123],[-87.574558,39.218404],[-87.579163,39.232962],[-87.583535,39.243579],[-87.593486,39.247452],[-87.605543,39.261122],[-87.61005,39.282232],[-87.597545,39.296388],[-87.600397,39.312904],[-87.589084,39.333831],[-87.578331,39.340343],[-87.5544,39.340488],[-87.544013,39.352907],[-87.531646,39.347888],[-87.531355,39.437732],[-87.532703,39.664868],[-87.533227,39.883],[-87.531759,40.144273],[-87.526376,40.491574],[-87.525783,40.854357],[-87.526437,40.894209],[-87.526014,40.895582],[-87.526768,41.298052],[-87.526404,41.355812],[-87.52535,41.380851],[-87.525671,41.470115],[-87.52494,41.529735],[-87.525041,41.559235],[-87.524641,41.563335],[-87.524944,41.702635],[-87.524044,41.708335],[-87.520544,41.709935],[-87.515243,41.704235],[-87.511043,41.696535],[-87.505343,41.691535],[-87.470742,41.672835],[-87.463142,41.675535],[-87.453041,41.673035],[-87.446113,41.66934],[-87.441987,41.671905],[-87.43853,41.670679],[-87.432953,41.665102],[-87.432396,41.66053],[-87.438941,41.654335],[-87.42984,41.646035],[-87.42344,41.642835],[-87.394539,41.637235],[-87.365439,41.629536],[-87.324338,41.623036],[-87.287637,41.622236],[-87.278437,41.619736],[-87.261536,41.620336],[-87.22066,41.624356],[-87.187651,41.629653],[-87.160625,41.637266],[-87.160784,41.645385],[-87.125835,41.650302],[-87.120322,41.645701],[-87.066033,41.661845],[-87.027888,41.674661],[-86.93483,41.709638],[-86.90913,41.726938],[-86.875429,41.737939],[-86.824828,41.76024],[-86.519318,41.759447],[-86.041027,41.760512],[-85.791363,41.759051],[-85.607548,41.759079],[-85.30814,41.760097],[-85.17223,41.759618],[-85.039436,41.759985],[-84.972803,41.759366],[-84.805883,41.760216],[-84.80621,41.67455],[-84.803919,41.435531],[-84.803413,41.164649],[-84.80378,41.14052],[-84.803234,41.121414],[-84.803313,40.989394],[-84.80217,40.800601],[-84.802538,40.765515],[-84.802094,40.702476],[-84.802483,40.528046]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Indiana\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e70cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gold, Robert L.","contributorId":78324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gold","given":"Robert L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolcott, Stephen W.","contributorId":93458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolcott","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":13196,"text":"ofr8074 - 1980 - A one-dimensional, steady-state, dissolved-oxygen model and waste-load assimilation study for Little Laughery Creek, Ripley and Franklin counties, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-06T17:47:31.584379","indexId":"ofr8074","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-74","title":"A one-dimensional, steady-state, dissolved-oxygen model and waste-load assimilation study for Little Laughery Creek, Ripley and Franklin counties, Indiana","docAbstract":"The Indiana State Board of Health is developing a State water-quality management plan that includes establishing Limits for wastewater effluents discharged into Indiana streams. A digital model calibrated to conditions in Little Laughery Creek tributary and Little Laughery Creek was used to predict alternatives for future waste loadings that would be compatible with Indiana stream water-quality standards defined for two critical hydrologic conditions, summer and winter low flows.
Natural streamflow during the summer and annual 7-day, 10-year low flow is zero. Headwater flow upstream from the wastewater-treatment facilities consists solely of process cooling water from an industrial discharger. This flow is usually Less than 0.5 cubic foot per second. Consequently, benefits from dilution are minimal. As a result, current and projected ammonia-nitrogen concentrations from the municipal discharges will result in in-stream ammonia-nitrogen concentrations that exceed the Indiana ammonia-nitrogen toxicity standards (maximum stream ammonia-nitrogen concentrations of 2.5 and 4.0 milligrams per liter during summer and winter low flows, respectively).
This waste-Load assimilation study is not based on a verified model. The changes in stream water quality predicted by the model represent only possible stream responses to differing effluent conditions.
Benthic-oxygen demand is probably the most significant factor affecting Little Laughery Creek and is probably responsible for the in-stream dis-solved-oxygen concentration being less than the Indiana stream dissolved-oxygen standard (5.0 milligrams per liter) during two water-quality surveys. After municipal dischargers complete advanced waste-treatment facilities, benthic-oxygen demand should be less significant in the stream dissolved-oxygen dynamics.