No one questions that Los Angeles has an earthquake problem. The “Big Bend” of the San Andreas fault in southern California complicates the plate boundary between the North American and Pacific plates, creating a convergent component to the primarily transform boundary. The Southern California Earthquake Center Community Fault Model has over 150 fault segments, each capable of generating a damaging earthquake, in an area with more than 23 million residents (Fig. 1). A Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) analysis of the expected losses from all future earthquakes in the National Seismic Hazard Maps (Petersen et al., 2014) predicts an annual average of more than $3 billion per year in the eight counties of southern California, with half of those losses in Los Angeles County alone (Federal Emergency Management Agency [FEMA], 2008). According to Swiss Re, one of the world’s largest reinsurance companies, Los Angeles faces one of the greatest risks of catastrophic losses from earthquakes of any city in the world, eclipsed only by Tokyo, Jakarta, and Manila (Swiss Re, 2013).
","language":"English","publisher":"Eastern Section: Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA","doi":"10.1785/0220150010","usgsCitation":"Jones, L.M., 2015, Resilience by Design: Bringing Science to Policy Makers: Seismological Research Letters, v. 86, no. 2A, p. 294-301, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220150010.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"294","endPage":"301","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062301","costCenters":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310284,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.79394531249999,\n 32.41706632846282\n ],\n [\n -123.79394531249999,\n 39.027718840211605\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 39.027718840211605\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 32.41706632846282\n ],\n [\n -123.79394531249999,\n 32.41706632846282\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"2A","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5628b746e4b0d158f5926c54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Lucile M. jones@usgs.gov","contributorId":1014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Lucile","email":"jones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70148607,"text":"70148607 - 2015 - Investigating endocrine and physiological parameters of captive American kestrels exposed by diet to selected organophosphate flame retardants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T15:42:06","indexId":"70148607","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigating endocrine and physiological parameters of captive American kestrels exposed by diet to selected organophosphate flame retardants","docAbstract":"Organophosphate triesters are high production volume additive flame retardants (OPFRs) and plasticizers. Shown to accumulate in abiotic and biotic environmental compartments, little is known about the risks they pose. Captive adult male American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were fed the same dose (22 ng OPFR/g kestrel/d) daily (21 d) of tris(2- butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), or tris(1,2-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP). Concentrations were undetected in tissues (renal, hepatic), suggesting rapid metabolism. There were no changes in glutathione status, indicators of hepatic oxidative status, or the cholinergic system (i.e., cerebrum, plasma cholinesterases; cerebrum muscarinic, nicotinic receptors). Modest changes occurred in hepatocyte integrity and function (clinical chemistry). Significant effects on plasma free triiodothyronine (FT3) concentrations occurred with exposure to TBOEP, TCEP, TCIPP, and TDCIPP; TBOEP and TCEP had additional overall effects on free thyroxine (FT4), whereas TDCIPP also influenced total thyroxine (TT4). Relative increases (32%−96%) in circulating FT3, TT3, FT4, and/or TT4 were variable with each OPFR at 7 d exposure, but limited thereafter, which was likely maintained through decreased thyroid gland activity and increased hepatic deiodinase activity. The observed physiological and endocrine effects occurred at environmentally relevant concentrations and suggest parent OPFRs or metabolites may have been present despite rapid degradation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Easton, PA","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5b00857","collaboration":"Fernie KJ, Letcher, R, Environment Canada; Palace V, Peters L, Stantec Consulting Ltd; Basu N, McGill University","usgsCitation":"Fernie, K., Palace, V., Peters, L., Basu, N., Letcher, R.J., Karouna-Renier, N.K., Schultz, S.L., Lazarus, R.S., and Rattner, B.A., 2015, Investigating endocrine and physiological parameters of captive American kestrels exposed by diet to selected organophosphate flame retardants: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 49, no. 12, p. 7448-7455, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b00857.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"7448","endPage":"7455","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064528","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305806,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55aa2739e4b0183d66e47e96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fernie, KJ","contributorId":141214,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fernie","given":"KJ","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6779,"text":"Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palace, V.","contributorId":141215,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palace","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13213,"text":"Stantec Consulting Services, Inc., Cottage Grove, WI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peters, L.","contributorId":49971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Basu, Niladri","contributorId":60085,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Basu","given":"Niladri","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Letcher, R. J.","contributorId":8062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"R.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Karouna-Renier, Natalie K. 0000-0001-7127-033X nkarouna@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7127-033X","contributorId":141213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karouna-Renier","given":"Natalie","email":"nkarouna@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schultz, Sandra L. 0000-0003-3394-2857 sschultz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3394-2857","contributorId":5966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"Sandra","email":"sschultz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lazarus, Rebecca S. 0000-0003-1731-6469 rlazarus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-6469","contributorId":5594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lazarus","given":"Rebecca","email":"rlazarus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843 brattner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":4142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett","email":"brattner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70148671,"text":"70148671 - 2015 - Predicting fine-scale distributions of peripheral aquatic species in headwater streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-19T11:35:47","indexId":"70148671","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting fine-scale distributions of peripheral aquatic species in headwater streams","docAbstract":"Headwater species and peripheral populations that occupy habitat at the edge of a species range may hold an increased conservation value to managers due to their potential to maximize intraspecies diversity and species' adaptive capabilities in the context of rapid environmental change. The southern Appalachian Mountains are the southern extent of the geographic range of native Salvelinus fontinalis and naturalized Oncorhynchus mykiss and Salmo trutta in eastern North America. We predicted distributions of these peripheral, headwater wild trout populations at a fine scale to serve as a planning and management tool for resource managers to maximize resistance and resilience of these populations in the face of anthropogenic stressors. We developed correlative logistic regression models to predict occurrence of brook trout, rainbow trout, and brown trout for every interconfluence stream reach in the study area. A stream network was generated to capture a more consistent representation of headwater streams. Each of the final models had four significant metrics in common: stream order, fragmentation, precipitation, and land cover. Strahler stream order was found to be the most influential variable in two of the three final models and the second most influential variable in the other model. Greater than 70% presence accuracy was achieved for all three models. The underrepresentation of headwater streams in commonly used hydrography datasets is an important consideration that warrants close examination when forecasting headwater species distributions and range estimates. Additionally, it appears that a relative watershed position metric (e.g., stream order) is an important surrogate variable (even when elevation is included) for biotic interactions across the landscape in areas where headwater species distributions are influenced by topographical gradients.
","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Pub. Ltd.","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1002/ece3.1331","collaboration":"Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration","usgsCitation":"DeRolph, C.R., Nelson, S., Kwak, T.J., and Hain, E.F., 2015, Predicting fine-scale distributions of peripheral aquatic species in headwater streams: Ecology and Evolution, v. 5, no. 1, p. 152-163, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1331.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"152","endPage":"163","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059421","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472353,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1331","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":301363,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55853d54e4b023124e8f5b32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeRolph, Christopher R.","contributorId":141246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeRolph","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":549037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, S.","contributorId":18138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":549038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kwak, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0616-137X tkwak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-137X","contributorId":834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"Thomas","email":"tkwak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hain, Ernie F.","contributorId":141247,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hain","given":"Ernie","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":549039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189460,"text":"70189460 - 2015 - Wintering movements and habitat use of Surf Scoter (Melanitta perspicillata) in the mid-Atlantic U.S.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:34:22","indexId":"70189460","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T12:34:15","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Wintering movements and habitat use of Surf Scoter (Melanitta perspicillata) in the mid-Atlantic U.S.","docAbstract":"Wintering habitat use and migratory pathways are key issues facing sea ducks in the mid-Atlantic U.S. and elsewhere due to the potential for offshore wind energy development. A comprehensive understanding of important winter habitats and environmental characteristics determining sea duck abundance and distribution is paramount in advising marine spatial planning efforts in the region and identifying key resource areas for sea ducks. We captured and tracked 101 Surf Scoters to investigate the spatial patterns, temporal patterns, and environmental variation in migration and winter habitat use through a combination of satellite telemetry data and remotely collected environmental covariate information. We found that Surf Scoters in core-use areas utilized shallow (<40 m) areas within 4.5 km from shore. Resource selection models suggest that other dynamic variables such as sea surface temperatures, productivity, and salinity (and selected interactions among them) may also be important in determining valuable scoter habitat. Migration chronology of birds tracked in this study suggests that Surf Scoters wintering and migrating throughout the mid-Atlantic region could encounter future offshore wind energy facilities between mid-October and early May. Our analyses indicate Surf Scoters tagged along near-shore areas of the mid-Atlantic have a minimal likelihood of overlapping with current Wind Energy Areas (WEAs) in the mid-Atlantic, though activities associated with construction within WEAs, such as installation of transmission lines or vessel traffic within nearshore areas, or possible development of wind farms closer to shore and outside currently designated WEAs, may have a higher likelihood of overlapping with wintering Surf Scoters in the mid-Atlantic.","language":"English","publisher":"Biodiversity Research Institute","usgsCitation":"Meattey, D., Savoy, L., Gilbert, A., Tash, J., Gray, C., Berlin, A., Lepage, C., Gilliland, S., Bowman, T.D., Osenkowsi, J., and Spiegel, C., 2015, Wintering movements and habitat use of Surf Scoter (Melanitta perspicillata) in the mid-Atlantic U.S., 21 p.","productDescription":"21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-085738","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356284,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":343789,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.briloon.org/uploads/BRI_Documents/Wildlife_and_Renewable_Energy/MABS%20Project%20Chapter%2020%20-%20Meattey%20et%20al%202015.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fcc5de4b0f5d57878ecdd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meattey, Dustin","contributorId":194565,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meattey","given":"Dustin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savoy, Lucas","contributorId":171896,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savoy","given":"Lucas","affiliations":[{"id":6928,"text":"BioDiversity Research Institute, Gorham, ME 04038","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gilbert, Andrew","contributorId":194560,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tash, Jeffrey","contributorId":194578,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tash","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gray, Carrie E.","contributorId":127669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gray","given":"Carrie E.","affiliations":[{"id":6928,"text":"BioDiversity Research Institute, Gorham, ME 04038","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":25572,"text":"University of Maine, Orono","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Berlin, Alicia 0000-0002-5275-3077 aberlin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5275-3077","contributorId":168416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berlin","given":"Alicia","email":"aberlin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lepage, Christine","contributorId":194564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lepage","given":"Christine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gilliland, Scott","contributorId":194563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilliland","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bowman, Timothy D.","contributorId":80779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowman","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Osenkowsi, Jason","contributorId":194579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osenkowsi","given":"Jason","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Spiegel, Caleb","contributorId":194580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spiegel","given":"Caleb","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70157352,"text":"70157352 - 2015 - Evaluation of airborne lidar elevation surfaces for propagation of coastal inundation: the importance of hydrologic connectivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T10:08:03","indexId":"70157352","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of airborne lidar elevation surfaces for propagation of coastal inundation: the importance of hydrologic connectivity","docAbstract":"Detailed information about coastal inundation is vital to understanding dynamic and populated areas that are impacted by storm surge and flooding. To understand these natural hazard risks, lidar elevation surfaces are frequently used to model inundation in coastal areas. A single-value surface method is sometimes used to inundate areas in lidar elevation surfaces that are below a specified elevation value. However, such an approach does not take into consideration hydrologic connectivity between elevation grids cells resulting in inland areas that should be hydrologically connected to the ocean, but are not. Because inland areas that should drain to the ocean are hydrologically disconnected by raised features in a lidar elevation surface, simply raising the water level to propagate coastal inundation will lead to inundation uncertainties. We took advantage of this problem to identify hydrologically disconnected inland areas to point out that they should be considered for coastal inundation, and that a lidar-based hydrologic surface should be developed with hydrologic connectivity prior to inundation analysis. The process of achieving hydrologic connectivity with hydrologic-enforcement is not new, however, the application of hydrologically-enforced lidar elevation surfaces for improved coastal inundation mapping as approached in this research is innovative. In this article, we propagated a high-resolution lidar elevation surface in coastal Staten Island, New York to demonstrate that inland areas lacking hydrologic connectivity to the ocean could potentially be included in inundation delineations. For inland areas that were hydrologically disconnected, we evaluated if drainage to the ocean was evident, and calculated an area exceeding 11 ha (~0.11 km2) that could be considered in inundation delineations. We also assessed land cover for each inland area to determine the type of physical surfaces that would be potentially impacted if the inland areas were considered as part of a coastal inundation. A visual analysis indicated that developed, medium intensity and palustrine forested wetland land cover types would be impacted for those locations. This article demonstrates that hydrologic connectivity is an important factor to consider when inundating a lidar elevation surface. This information is needed for inundation monitoring and management in sensitive coastal regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Molecular Diversity Preservation International","publisherLocation":"Basel, Switzerland","doi":"10.3390/rs70911695","usgsCitation":"Poppenga, S.K., and Worstell, B.B., 2015, Evaluation of airborne lidar elevation surfaces for propagation of coastal inundation: the importance of hydrologic connectivity: Remote Sensing, v. 7, no. 9, p. 11695-11711, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70911695.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"11695","endPage":"11711","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066299","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472358,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70911695","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":308441,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5603cd3be4b03bc34f544afd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppenga, Sandra K. 0000-0002-2846-6836 spoppenga@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2846-6836","contributorId":3327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppenga","given":"Sandra","email":"spoppenga@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Worstell, Bruce B. 0000-0001-8927-3336 worstell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8927-3336","contributorId":1815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worstell","given":"Bruce","email":"worstell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70046881,"text":"70046881 - 2015 - Continuous-time discrete-space models for animal movement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-04T11:26:43","indexId":"70046881","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":787,"text":"Annals of Applied Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Continuous-time discrete-space models for animal movement","docAbstract":"The processes influencing animal movement and resource selection are complex and varied. Past efforts to model behavioral changes over time used Bayesian statistical models with variable parameter space, such as reversible-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo approaches, which are computationally demanding and inaccessible to many practitioners. We present a continuous-time discrete-space (CTDS) model of animal movement that can be fit using standard generalized linear modeling (GLM) methods. This CTDS approach allows for the joint modeling of location-based as well as directional drivers of movement. Changing behavior over time is modeled using a varying-coefficient framework which maintains the computational simplicity of a GLM approach, and variable selection is accomplished using a group lasso penalty. We apply our approach to a study of two mountain lions (Puma concolor) in Colorado, USA.
","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Mathematical Statistics","publisherLocation":"Cleveland, OH","doi":"10.1214/14-AOAS803","usgsCitation":"Hanks, E., Hooten, M., and Alldredge, M.W., 2015, Continuous-time discrete-space models for animal movement: Annals of Applied Statistics, v. 9, no. 1, p. 145-165, https://doi.org/10.1214/14-AOAS803.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"165","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040983","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1211.1992","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":301038,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"557176b0e4b077dba762a2bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanks, Ephraim M.","contributorId":104630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Ephraim M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooten, Mevin 0000-0002-1614-723X mhooten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1614-723X","contributorId":2958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"Mevin","email":"mhooten@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12963,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":518049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alldredge, Mat W.","contributorId":65361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alldredge","given":"Mat","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70154936,"text":"70154936 - 2015 - Effects of regulated river flows on habitat suitability for the robust redhorse","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-20T11:10:20","indexId":"70154936","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of regulated river flows on habitat suitability for the robust redhorse","docAbstract":"The Robust Redhorse Moxostoma robustum is a rare and imperiled fish, with wild populations occurring in three drainages from North Carolina to Georgia. Hydroelectric dams have altered the species’ habitat and restricted its range. An augmented minimum-flow regime that will affect Robust Redhorse habitat was recently prescribed for Blewett Falls Dam, a hydroelectric facility on the Pee Dee River, North Carolina. Our objective was to quantify suitable spawning and nonspawning habitat under current and proposed minimum-flow regimes. We implanted radio transmitters into 27 adult Robust Redhorses and relocated the fish from spring 2008 to summer 2009, and we described habitat at 15 spawning capture locations. Nonspawning habitat consisted of deep, slow-moving pools (mean depth D 2.3 m; mean velocity D 0.23 m/s), bedrock and sand substrates, and boulders or coarse woody debris as cover. Spawning habitat was characterized as shallower, faster-moving water (mean depth D 0.84 m; mean velocity D 0.61 m/s) with gravel and cobble as substrates and boulders as cover associated with shoals. Telemetry relocations revealed two behavioral subgroups: a resident subgroup (linear range [mean § SE] D 7.9 § 3.7 river kilometers [rkm]) that remained near spawning areas in the Piedmont region throughout the year; and a migratory subgroup (linear range D 64.3 § 8.4 rkm) that migrated extensively downstream into the Coastal Plain region. Spawning and nonspawning habitat suitability indices were developed based on field microhabitat measurements and were applied to model suitable available habitat (weighted usable area) for current and proposed augmented minimum flows. Suitable habitat (both spawning and nonspawning) increased for each proposed seasonal minimum flow relative to former minimum flows, with substantial increases for spawning sites. Our results contribute to an understanding of how regulated flows affect available habitats for imperiled species. Flow managers can use these findings to regulate discharge more effectively and to create and maintain important habitats during critical periods for priority species.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2015.1042557","usgsCitation":"Fisk, J.M., Kwak, T.J., and Heise, R.J., 2015, Effects of regulated river flows on habitat suitability for the robust redhorse: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 144, p. 792-806, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2015.1042557.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"792","endPage":"806","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060804","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305830,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"144","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55ae1bade4b066a249242282","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisk, J. M. III","contributorId":141230,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fisk","given":"J.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kwak, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0616-137X tkwak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-137X","contributorId":834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"Thomas","email":"tkwak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heise, R. J.","contributorId":141231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heise","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70158922,"text":"70158922 - 2015 - A case study of assigning conservation value to dispersed habitat units for conservation planning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-07T10:50:11","indexId":"70158922","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2231,"text":"Journal of Conservation Planning","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A case study of assigning conservation value to dispersed habitat units for conservation planning","docAbstract":"Resource managers are increasingly tasked with developing habitat conservation plans in the face of numerous, sometimes competing, objectives. These plans must often be implemented across dispersed habitat conservation units that may contribute unequally to overall conservation objectives. Using U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service waterfowl production areas (WPA) in western Minnesota as our conservation landscape, we develop a landscape-scale approach for evaluating the conservation value of dispersed habitat conservation units with multiple conservation priorities. We evaluated conservation value based on a suite of variables directly applicable to conservation management practices, thus providing a direct link between conservation actions and outcomes. We developed spatial models specific to each of these conservation objectives and also developed two freely available prioritization tools to implement these analyses. We found that some WPAs provided high conservation value across a range of conservation objectives, suggesting that managing these specific areas would achieve multiple conservation goals. Conversely, other WPAs provided low conservation value for some objectives, suggesting they would be most effectively managed for a distinct set of specific conservation goals. Approaches such as ours provide a direct means of assessing the conservation value of dispersed habitat conservation units and could be useful in the development of habitat management plans, particularly when faced with multiple conservation objectives.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Florida, Department of Urban and Regional Planning","publisherLocation":"Gainesville, FL","collaboration":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Rohweder, J.J., Sara C. Vacek, Crimmins, S.M., and Thogmartin, W.E., 2015, A case study of assigning conservation value to dispersed habitat units for conservation planning: Journal of Conservation Planning, v. 11, p. 13-27.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059832","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309720,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":309719,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.journalconsplanning.org/2015/index.html"}],"volume":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5616422de4b0ba4884c6146f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rohweder, Jason J. jrohweder@usgs.gov","contributorId":460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohweder","given":"Jason","email":"jrohweder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":576877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sara C. Vacek","contributorId":149091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sara C. Vacek","affiliations":[{"id":17638,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Morris Wetland Management District","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":576879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crimmins, Shawn M. 0000-0001-6229-5543 scrimmins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6229-5543","contributorId":5498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crimmins","given":"Shawn","email":"scrimmins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70148387,"text":"70148387 - 2015 - Response of the Miliolid Archaias angulatus to simulated ocean acidification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-02T10:56:51","indexId":"70148387","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2294,"text":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of the Miliolid Archaias angulatus to simulated ocean acidification","docAbstract":"A common, but not universal, effect of ocean acidification on benthic foraminifera is a reduction in the growth rate. The miliolid Archaias angulatus is a high-Mg (>4 mole% MgCO3), symbiont-bearing, soritid benthic foraminifer that contributes to Caribbean reef carbonate sediments. A laboratory culture study assessed the effects of reduced pH on the growth of A. angulatus. We observed a statistically significant 50% reduction in the growth rate (p < 0.01), calculated from changes in maximum diameter, from 160 μm/28 days in the pH 8.0/pCO2air 480 ppm control group to 80 μm/28 days at a treatment level of pH 7.6/pCO2air 1328 ppm. Additionally, pseudopore area, δ18O values, and Mg/Ca ratio all increased, albeit slightly in the latter two variables. The reduction in growth rate indicates that under a high-CO2 setting, future A. angulatus populations will consist of smaller adults. A model using the results of this study estimates that at pH 7.6 A. angulatus carbonate production in the South Florida reef tract and Florida Bay decreases by 85%, from 0.27 Mt/yr to 0.04 Mt/yr, over an area of 9,000 km2.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.2113/gsjfr.45.2.109","usgsCitation":"Knorr, P.O., Robbins, L.L., Harries, P.J., Hallock, P., and Wynn, J., 2015, Response of the Miliolid Archaias angulatus to simulated ocean acidification: Journal of Foraminiferal Research, v. 45, no. 2, p. 109-127, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.45.2.109.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"127","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051356","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300974,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"556ed3d3e4b0d9246a9fa7f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knorr, Paul O. pknorr@usgs.gov","contributorId":3691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knorr","given":"Paul","email":"pknorr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robbins, Lisa L. 0000-0003-3681-1094 lrobbins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3681-1094","contributorId":422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Lisa","email":"lrobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harries, Peter J.","contributorId":141009,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harries","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7163,"text":"University of South Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":547954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hallock, Pamela","contributorId":59536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hallock","given":"Pamela","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wynn, Jonathan","contributorId":9943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wynn","given":"Jonathan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70155870,"text":"70155870 - 2015 - Energy flow and the “grassification” of desert shrublands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-17T10:49:22","indexId":"70155870","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3164,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Energy flow and the “grassification” of desert shrublands","docAbstract":"In our directionally and continuously changing world, history still matters, and it does so in increasingly novel and important ways. Human adaptation to global change will rely heavily on robust baselines of historic environmental variability and detailed understanding of how both past and modern ecosystems have responded to both individual and multiple stressors. The question of global change has motivated an upsurge in paleoecological studies that span the late Quaternary and the modern era, and has inspired a growing consideration of time as a fundamental axis in ecology (1). A major challenge in developing pertinent ecological baselines remains how to fuse, into continuous time series, observations and experiments from living systems with paleoecological reconstructions from the same sites (2, 3). Tracing and disentangling complex responses to environmental stress from paleological to present-day communities is especially daunting; for example, how climate change; accelerated land use; and biological invasions are influencing the flows of water, nutrients, and energy. The paper by Terry and Rowe in PNAS (4) is a shining example of how modern ecology and paleoecology can be spliced together to decipher how ecological processes unfold over time scales inaccessible to direct observation or experimentation, and how they can be disrupted by human impacts.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1512078112","usgsCitation":"Betancourt, J.L., 2015, Energy flow and the “grassification” of desert shrublands: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 112, no. 31, p. 9504-9505, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1512078112.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"9504","endPage":"9505","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066761","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472364,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1512078112","text":"External Repository"},{"id":306785,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"31","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d305b2e4b0518e35468cf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70155260,"text":"70155260 - 2015 - A global satellite assisted precipitation climatology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T10:08:26","indexId":"70155260","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1426,"text":"Earth System Science Data","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A global satellite assisted precipitation climatology","docAbstract":"Accurate representations of mean climate conditions, especially in areas of complex terrain, are an important part of environmental monitoring systems. As high-resolution satellite monitoring information accumulates with the passage of time, it can be increasingly useful in efforts to better characterize the earth's mean climatology. Current state-of-the-science products rely on complex and sometimes unreliable relationships between elevation and station-based precipitation records, which can result in poor performance in food and water insecure regions with sparse observation networks. These vulnerable areas (like Ethiopia, Afghanistan, or Haiti) are often the critical regions for humanitarian drought monitoring. Here, we show that long period of record geo-synchronous and polar-orbiting satellite observations provide a unique new resource for producing high resolution (0.05°) global precipitation climatologies that perform reasonably well in data sparse regions.
Traditionally, global climatologies have been produced by combining station observations and physiographic predictors like latitude, longitude, elevation, and slope. While such approaches can work well, especially in areas with reasonably dense observation networks, the fundamental relationship between physiographic variables and the target climate variables can often be indirect and spatially complex. Infrared and microwave satellite observations, on the other hand, directly monitor the earth's energy emissions. These emissions often correspond physically with the location and intensity of precipitation. We show that these relationships provide a good basis for building global climatologies. We also introduce a new geospatial modeling approach based on moving window regressions and inverse distance weighting interpolation. This approach combines satellite fields, gridded physiographic indicators, and in situ climate normals. The resulting global 0.05° monthly precipitation climatology, the Climate Hazards Group's Precipitation Climatology version 1 (CHPclim v.1.0,http://dx.doi.org/10.15780/G2159X), is shown to compare favorably with similar global climatology products, especially in areas with complex terrain and low station densities.
A three-dimensional finite-difference model for part of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in the Cache Critical Groundwater Area of eastern Arkansas was constructed to simulate potential future conditions of groundwater flow. The objectives of this study were to test different pilot point distributions to find reasonable estimates of aquifer properties for the alluvial aquifer, to simulate flux from rivers, and to demonstrate how changes in pumping rates for different scenarios affect areas of long-term water-level declines over time. The model was calibrated using the parameter estimation code. Additional calibration was achieved using pilot points with regularization and singular value decomposition. Pilot point parameter values were estimated at a number of discrete locations in the study area to obtain reasonable estimates of aquifer properties. Nine pumping scenarios for the years 2011 to 2020 were tested and compared to the simulated water-level heads from 2010. Hydraulic conductivity values from pilot point calibration ranged between 42 and 173 m/d. Specific yield values ranged between 0.19 and 0.337. Recharge rates ranged between 0.00009 and 0.0006 m/d. The model was calibrated using 2,322 hydraulic head measurements for the years 2000 to 2010 from 150 observation wells located in the study area. For all scenarios, the volume of water depleted ranged between 5.7 and 23.3 percent, except in Scenario 2 (minimum pumping rates), in which the volume increased by 2.5 percent.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"College Station, TX","doi":"10.2113/gseegeosci.21.1.1","collaboration":"Department of Applied Science, University of Arkansas; Graduate Institute of Technology, University of Arkansas; Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Houston","usgsCitation":"Rashid, H.M., Clark, B.R., Mahdi, H.H., Rifai, H.S., and Al-Shukri, H.J., 2015, Simulations of potential future conditions in the cache critical groundwater area, Arkansas: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 21, no. 1, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.21.1.1.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052827","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306309,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.63623046875,\n 36.50963615733049\n ],\n [\n -90.10986328125,\n 36.54494944148322\n ],\n [\n -89.97802734375,\n 36.33282808737917\n ],\n [\n -90.3955078125,\n 35.97800618085568\n ],\n [\n -89.71435546875,\n 36.01356058518153\n ],\n [\n -90.17578124999999,\n 35.0120020431607\n ],\n [\n -90.46142578125,\n 34.70549341022544\n ],\n [\n -90.54931640625,\n 34.361576287484176\n ],\n [\n -91.07666015625,\n 33.65120829920497\n ],\n [\n -91.03271484375,\n 33.211116472416855\n ],\n [\n -91.14257812499999,\n 32.99023555965106\n ],\n [\n -94.06494140625,\n 33.04550781490999\n ],\n [\n -93.955078125,\n 33.26624989076275\n ],\n [\n -94.06494140625,\n 33.33970700424026\n ],\n [\n -94.10888671875,\n 33.54139466898275\n ],\n [\n -94.482421875,\n 33.55970664841198\n ],\n [\n -94.46044921875,\n 35.35321610123821\n ],\n [\n -94.63623046875,\n 36.50963615733049\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c090b5e4b033ef521042b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rashid, Haveen M.","contributorId":145715,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rashid","given":"Haveen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16207,"text":"Department of Applied Science, University of Arkansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Brian R. 0000-0001-6611-3807 brclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6611-3807","contributorId":1502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Brian","email":"brclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mahdi, Hanan H.","contributorId":145716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mahdi","given":"Hanan","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":16208,"text":"Graduate Institute of Technology, University of Arkansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rifai, Hanadi S.","contributorId":145718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rifai","given":"Hanadi","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":16209,"text":"Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Houston","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Al-Shukri, Haydar J.","contributorId":145717,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Al-Shukri","given":"Haydar","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16207,"text":"Department of Applied Science, University of Arkansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70143860,"text":"70143860 - 2015 - Ceres: predictions for near-surface water ice stability and implications for plume generating processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-05T12:34:43","indexId":"70143860","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ceres: predictions for near-surface water ice stability and implications for plume generating processes","docAbstract":"This paper will constrain the possible sources and processes for the formation of recently observed H2O vapor plumes above the surface of the dwarf planet Ceres. Two hypotheses have been proposed: (1) cryovolcanism where the water source is the mantle and the heating source is still unknown or (2) comet-like sublimation where near-surface water ice is vaporized by seasonally increasing solar insolation. We test hypothesis #2, comet-like near-surface sublimation, by using a thermal model to examine the stability of water-ice in the near surface. For a reasonable range of physical parameters (thermal inertia, surface roughness, slopes), we find that water ice is only stable at latitudes higher than ~40-60 degrees. These results indicate that either (a) the physical properties of Ceres are unlike our expectations or (b) an alternative to comet-like sublimation, such as the cryovolcanism hypothesis, must be invoked.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2015GL063240","usgsCitation":"Titus, T.N., 2015, Ceres: predictions for near-surface water ice stability and implications for plume generating processes: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 42, no. 7, p. 2130-2136, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL063240.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2130","endPage":"2136","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061400","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl063240","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":298855,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5511393be4b02e76d75b50cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70138499,"text":"70138499 - 2015 - Drought-caused delay in nesting of Sonoran Desert birds and its facilitation of parasite- and predator-mediated variation in reproductive success","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:44:56","indexId":"70138499","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Drought-caused delay in nesting of Sonoran Desert birds and its facilitation of parasite- and predator-mediated variation in reproductive success","docAbstract":"As our understanding of climate change has increased, so has our awareness of the impacts of these changes on biotic systems. Climate models are nearly unanimous in their predictions for increased drought frequency in southwestern North America, and delays in nest initiation due to drought may influence nesting success and productivity for many Sonoran Desert bird species. In southeastern California and western Arizona in 2004–2009, we found negative correlations for 13 of 13 species between nest initiation date and rainfall accumulation during the preceding 4-month winter rainy season. Nesting was delayed more than 3 weeks for some species during extreme droughts in 2006 and 2007. During 2004–2009, we found a significant negative effect of nest initiation date on nest survival probability (β̂ = −0.031 ± 0.005 SE, P < 0.001) for the four species of greatest sample size. To investigate the role of nesting delay in nesting success and productivity, in 2010 we conducted a manipulative experiment with Black-tailed Gnatcatchers (Polioptila melanura; BTGN) and Verdins (Auriparus flaviceps; VERD). Following a wet winter, we delayed clutch initiation dates for treatment pairs to match first-egg dates that we observed during droughts in 2006 and 2007. Nest initiation date had a significant negative effect on nest survival of both species (BTGN: β̂ = −1.18 ± 0.27 SE, P < 0.001; VERD: β̂ = −2.33 ± 0.51 SE, P = 0.003). Treatment pairs were unable to overcome the lost period of high productivity in March and early April, and had lower productivity than control pairs over the entire breeding season. As nest predation and Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) parasitism were the most common causes of nest failure, we conclude that the impacts of climate change–caused drought on annual reproductive output in the Sonoran Desert will be further compounded by parasitism and predation for Black-tailed Gnatcatchers and by predation for Verdins.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/AUK-13-253.1","usgsCitation":"McCreedy, C., and van Riper, C., 2015, Drought-caused delay in nesting of Sonoran Desert birds and its facilitation of parasite- and predator-mediated variation in reproductive success: The Auk, v. 132, no. 1, p. 235-247, https://doi.org/10.1642/AUK-13-253.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"247","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052641","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472370,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/auk-13-253.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297378,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"132","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a6ee4b08de9379b3059","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCreedy, Chris","contributorId":141217,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCreedy","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70202190,"text":"70202190 - 2015 - Projected carbon stocks in the conterminous USA with land use and variable fire regimes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-13T11:18:58","indexId":"70202190","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T11:18:51","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Projected carbon stocks in the conterminous USA with land use and variable fire regimes","docAbstract":"The dynamic global vegetation model (DGVM) MC2 was run over the conterminous USA at 30 arc sec (~800 m) to simulate the impacts of nine climate futures generated by 3GCMs (CSIRO, MIROC and CGCM3) using 3 emission scenarios (A2, A1B and B1) in the context of the LandCarbon national carbon sequestration assessment. It first simulated potential vegetation dynamics from coast to coast assuming no human impacts and naturally occurring wildfires. A moderate effect of increased atmospheric CO2 on water use efficiency and growth enhanced carbon sequestration but did not greatly influence woody encroachment. The wildfires maintained prairie‐forest ecotones in the Great Plains. With simulated fire suppression, the number and impacts of wildfires was reduced as only catastrophic fires were allowed to escape. This greatly increased the expansion of forests and woodlands across the western USA and some of the ecotones disappeared. However, when fires did occur, their impacts (both extent and biomass consumed) were very large. We also evaluated the relative influence of human land use including forest and crop harvest by running the DGVM with land use (and fire suppression) and simple land management rules. From 2041 through 2060, carbon stocks (live biomass, soil and dead biomass) of US terrestrial ecosystems varied between 155 and 162 Pg C across the three emission scenarios when potential natural vegetation was simulated. With land use, periodic harvest of croplands and timberlands as well as the prevention of woody expansion across the West reduced carbon stocks to a range of 122–126 Pg C, while effective fire suppression reduced fire emissions by about 50%. Despite the simplicity of our approach, the differences between the size of the carbon stocks confirm other reports of the importance of land use on the carbon cycle over climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.13048","usgsCitation":"Bachelet, D., Ferschweiler, K., Sheehan, T.J., Sleeter, B.M., and Zhu, Z., 2015, Projected carbon stocks in the conterminous USA with land use and variable fire regimes: Global Change Biology, v. 21, no. 12, p. 4548-4560, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13048.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"4548","endPage":"4560","ipdsId":"IP-088629","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361231,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bachelet, Dominique","contributorId":213224,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bachelet","given":"Dominique","affiliations":[{"id":38279,"text":"Conservation Biology Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":757156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferschweiler, Ken","contributorId":213225,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferschweiler","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38279,"text":"Conservation Biology Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":757157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sheehan, Timothy J.","contributorId":213226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheehan","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38279,"text":"Conservation Biology Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":757158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sleeter, Benjamin M. 0000-0003-2371-9571 bsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-9571","contributorId":3479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Benjamin","email":"bsleeter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zhu, Zhiliang 0000-0002-6860-6936 zzhu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-6936","contributorId":150078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhiliang","email":"zzhu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70157418,"text":"70157418 - 2015 - Multiscale hydrogeomorphic influences on bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) spawning habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-23T10:13:27","indexId":"70157418","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiscale hydrogeomorphic influences on bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) spawning habitat","docAbstract":"We investigated multiscale hydrogeomorphic influences on the distribution and abundance of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) spawning in snowmelt-dominated streams of the upper Flathead River basin, northwestern Montana. Within our study reaches, bull trout tended to spawn in the finest available gravel substrates. Analysis of the mobility of these substrates, based on one-dimensional hydraulic modeling and calculation of dimensionless shear stresses, indicated that bed materials in spawning reaches would be mobilized at moderate (i.e., 2-year recurrence interval) high-flow conditions, although the asynchronous timing of the fall–winter egg incubation period and typical late spring – early summer snowmelt high flows in our study area may limit susceptibility to redd scour under current hydrologic regimes. Redd occurrence also tended to be associated with concave-up bedforms (pool tailouts) with downwelling intragravel flows. Streambed temperatures tracked stream water diurnal temperature cycles to a depth of at least 25 cm, averaging 6.1–8.1 °C in different study reaches during the spawning period. Ground water provided thermal moderation of stream water for several high-density spawning reaches. Bull trout redds were more frequent in unconfined alluvial valley reaches (8.5 versus 5.0 redds·km−1 in confined valley reaches), which were strongly influenced by hyporheic and groundwater – stream water exchange. A considerable proportion of redds were patchily distributed in confined valley reaches, however, emphasizing the influence of local physical conditions in supporting bull trout spawning habitat. Moreover, narrowing or “bounding” of these alluvial valley segments did not appear to be important. Our results suggest that geomorphic, thermal, and hydrological factors influence bull trout spawning occurrence at multiple spatial scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Research Council Canada","publisherLocation":"Ottawa","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2013-0534","usgsCitation":"Bean, J.R., Wilcox, A., Woessner, W.W., and Muhlfeld, C.C., 2015, Multiscale hydrogeomorphic influences on bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) spawning habitat: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 72, no. 4, p. 514-526, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0534.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"514","endPage":"526","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052296","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308423,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5603cd53e4b03bc34f544b2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bean, Jared R","contributorId":147876,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bean","given":"Jared","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":16951,"text":"Department of Geosciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilcox, Andrew C.","contributorId":25064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Andrew C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woessner, William W.","contributorId":147877,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woessner","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":16951,"text":"Department of Geosciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Muhlfeld, Clint C. 0000-0002-4599-4059 cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4059","contributorId":924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"Clint","email":"cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70156360,"text":"70156360 - 2015 - Thermal onset of cellular and endocrine stress responses correspond to ecological limits in brook trout, an iconic cold-water fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-23T13:55:30","indexId":"70156360","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3919,"text":"Conservation Physiology","onlineIssn":"2051-1434","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal onset of cellular and endocrine stress responses correspond to ecological limits in brook trout, an iconic cold-water fish","docAbstract":"Climate change is predicted to change the distribution and abundance of species, yet underlying physiological mechanisms are complex and methods for detecting populations at risk from rising temperature are poorly developed. There is increasing interest in using physiological mediators of the stress response as indicators of individual and population-level response to environmental stressors. Here, we use laboratory experiments to show that the temperature thresholds in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) for increased gill heat shock protein-70 (20.7°C) and plasma glucose (21.2°C) are similar to their proposed thermal ecological limit of 21.0°C. Field assays demonstrated increased plasma glucose, cortisol and heat shock protein-70 concentrations at field sites where mean daily temperature exceeded 21.0°C. Furthermore, population densities of brook trout were lowest at field sites where temperatures were warm enough to induce a stress response, and a co-occurring species with a higher thermal tolerance showed no evidence of physiological stress at a warm site. The congruence of stress responses and proposed thermal limits supports the use of these thresholds in models of changes in trout distribution under climate change scenarios and suggests that the induction of the stress response by elevated temperature may play a key role in driving the distribution of species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Experimental Biology","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1093/conphys/cov017","usgsCitation":"Chadwick, J.G., Nislow, K.H., and McCormick, S.D., 2015, Thermal onset of cellular and endocrine stress responses correspond to ecological limits in brook trout, an iconic cold-water fish: Conservation Physiology, v. 3, no. 1, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/cov017.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058015","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/cov017","text":"External Repository"},{"id":308174,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fa92d5e4b05d6c4e501add","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chadwick, Joseph G","contributorId":146738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chadwick","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"G","affiliations":[{"id":6932,"text":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nislow, Kieth H","contributorId":146739,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nislow","given":"Kieth","email":"","middleInitial":"H","affiliations":[{"id":6679,"text":"US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":139214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70145309,"text":"70145309 - 2015 - Fluid inclusion chemistry of adularia-sericite epithermal Au-Ag deposits of the southern Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-07T09:58:56","indexId":"70145309","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluid inclusion chemistry of adularia-sericite epithermal Au-Ag deposits of the southern Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand","docAbstract":"Microthermometry, laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and Raman spectroscopy have been used to determine the temperature, apparent salinity, and composition of individual fluid inclusions in adularia-sericite Au-Ag epithermal veins from the Karangahake, Martha, Favona, and Waitekauri deposits, southern Hauraki goldfield, New Zealand. Quartz veins contain colloform to crustiform bands that alternate with coarse-grained quartz and amethyst. The ore mineralization occurs only in colloform to crustiform bands.
\nAnalyses of individual fluid inclusions by LA-ICP-MS identify Na as the most abundant cation, together with variable concentrations of K, Ca, Rb, Sr, Sb, and As. Rare inclusions have detectable Li, Al, and Ba concentrations, although recorded Al concentrations with values up to 231 ppm in Al-free quartz may reflect an accidentally captured mineral phase rather than fluid itself. The Na content ranges from ~260 to 10,200 ppm for inclusions in quartz and ~9,700 to 13,700 ppm for inclusions in amethyst. Antimony is the second most commonly detected element in both quartz- and amethyst-hosted inclusions; this element is also detected in the host mineral. Concentrations of Sb and As range from 0.3 to 988 ppm and from 3.33 to 418 ppm, respectively, and are most commonly detected in inclusions from the Karangahake and Martha deposits. The poor correlation between the Na content with either Sb or As suggests that Sb and As were transported as neutral hydroxyl complexes of Sb(OH)3 and As(OH)3. Both Au and Ag occur at concentrations that are less than their respective detection limits (ppm).
\nGeochemical modeling of the microthermometric and LA-ICP-MS data obtained from individual fluid inclusions suggests that fluids responsible for the quartz deposition were neutral to alkaline and that adiabatic boiling is the most effective mechanism for both gold and silica precipitation. The presence of single-phase vapor-only fluid inclusions in some mineralized samples indicates that local flashing may have contributed to deposition of Au and Ag.
\nAssuming adiabatic boiling under hydrostatic pressure, samples from the Karangahake deposit (Maria vein) were deposited from low-salinity fluids (<3.9 wt % NaCl equiv) at temperatures between 225° and 262°C and at depths of 270 to 575 m below the former water table. The average deep reservoir fluid temperature estimated from the Na/K geothermometer is 287°C, and the steam loss during boiling ranges between 8 and 17%.
\nFluid inclusions in quartz from the Martha deposit trapped dilute fluids with salinity less than 1.7 wt % NaCl equiv. The coexisting liquid-rich (homogenization temperature, Th = 189°–225°C) and vapor-rich inclusions (Th = 205°–243°C) suggest formation at depths of 200 to 400 m below the water table. According to the Na/K geothermometer, the deep reservoir fluid temperature was near 295°C, and the steam loss during boiling ranged between 15 and 23%. Pseudosecondary inclusions in amethyst display salinity around 4.0 wt % NaCl equiv and homogenization temperatures between 218° and 241°C. Secondary inclusions are slightly more dilute (3.2–4.2 wt % NaCl equiv), with homogenization temperatures between 213° and 242°C.
\nFluid inclusions in quartz from the Waitekauri deposit homogenize from 210° to 265°C and contain less than 1.2 wt % NaCl equiv. A thin quartz vein that occurs between the Jubilee and Scotia deposits contains coexisting liquid- and vapor-rich inclusions; their homogenization temperatures indicate a formation depth of 300 m below the former water table. The calculated deep reservoir fluid temperature is around 283°C and the steam loss is estimated to be between 13 and 18%.
\nLA-ICP-MS analyses show that in some cases different fluid inclusion assemblages (FIAs) within a single sample trapped fluids with variable chemistries. These differences likely reflect modification of a single parent fluid through mineral dissolution and precipitation, water/rock interactions, boiling and vapor loss, conductive cooling, and mixing.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","publisherLocation":"Lancaster, PA","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.110.3.763","usgsCitation":"Simpson, M.P., Strmic Palinkas, S., Mauk, J.L., and Bodnar, R.J., 2015, Fluid inclusion chemistry of adularia-sericite epithermal Au-Ag deposits of the southern Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand: Economic Geology, v. 110, no. 3, p. 763-786, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.110.3.763.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"763","endPage":"786","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055202","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299449,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"New Zealand","volume":"110","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5524ffabe4b027f0aee3d472","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simpson, Mark P.","contributorId":140072,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simpson","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":13376,"text":"The University of Auckland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strmic Palinkas, Sabina","contributorId":140073,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strmic Palinkas","given":"Sabina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13376,"text":"The University of Auckland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mauk, Jeffrey L. 0000-0002-6244-2774 jmauk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6244-2774","contributorId":4101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mauk","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jmauk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bodnar, Robert J.","contributorId":61540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodnar","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70160013,"text":"70160013 - 2015 - Faunal responses to fire in chaparral and sage scrub in California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-09T09:51:36","indexId":"70160013","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1636,"text":"Fire Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Faunal responses to fire in chaparral and sage scrub in California, USA","docAbstract":"We examined a secondary contact zone between two species of desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii and G. morafkai. The taxa were isolated from a common ancestor during the formation of the Colorado River (4-8 mya) and are a classic example of allopatric speciation. However, an anomalous population of G. agassizii comes into secondary contact with G. morafkai east of the Colorado River in the Black Mountains of Arizona and provides an opportunity to examine reinforcement of species' boundaries under natural conditions. We sampled 234 tortoises representing G. agassizii in California (n = 103), G. morafkai in Arizona (n = 78), and 53 individuals of undetermined assignment in the contact zone including and surrounding the Black Mountains. We genotyped individuals for 25 STR loci and determined maternal lineage using mtDNA sequence data. We performed multilocus genetic clustering analyses and used multiple statistical methods to detect levels of hybridization. We tested hypotheses about habitat use between G. agassizii and G. morafkai in the region where they co-occur using habitat suitability models. Gopherus agassizii and G. morafkai maintain independent taxonomic identities likely due to ecological niche partitioning, and the maintenance of the hybrid zone is best described by a geographical selection gradient model.
","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Pub. Ltd.","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1002/ece3.1500","usgsCitation":"Edwards, T., Berry, K.H., Inman, R.D., Esque, T., Nussear, K.E., Jones, C.A., and Culver, M., 2015, Testing taxon tenacity of tortoises: evidence for a geographical selection gradient at a secondary contact zone: Ecology and Evolution, v. 5, no. 10, p. 2095-2114, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1500.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"2095","endPage":"2114","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059930","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1500","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300961,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"556ed3dfe4b0d9246a9fa800","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/ece3.1500","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1500","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Edwards Taylor, Berry Kristin H., Inman Richard D., Esque Todd C., Nussear Kenneth E., Jones Cristina A., Culver Melanie","journalName":"Ecology and Evolution","publicationDate":"4/30/2015","auditedOn":"3/17/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Taylor","contributorId":62337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Taylor","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, Kristin H. 0000-0003-1591-8394 kristin_berry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1591-8394","contributorId":437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Kristin","email":"kristin_berry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Inman, Richard D. rdinman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Inman","given":"Richard","email":"rdinman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Esque, Todd C. tesque@usgs.gov","contributorId":140024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd C.","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nussear, Kenneth E. knussear@usgs.gov","contributorId":2695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nussear","given":"Kenneth","email":"knussear@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jones, Cristina A.","contributorId":141026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Cristina","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13658,"text":"AZ Game and Fish, Phoenix, AZ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Culver, Melanie 0000-0001-5380-3059 mculver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5380-3059","contributorId":4327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culver","given":"Melanie","email":"mculver@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":127,"text":"Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70147090,"text":"70147090 - 2015 - Time‐dependent renewal‐model probabilities when date of last earthquake is unknown","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-28T09:19:10","indexId":"70147090","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time‐dependent renewal‐model probabilities when date of last earthquake is unknown","docAbstract":"We derive time-dependent, renewal-model earthquake probabilities for the case in which the date of the last event is completely unknown, and compare these with the time-independent Poisson probabilities that are customarily used as an approximation in this situation. For typical parameter values, the renewal-model probabilities exceed Poisson results by more than 10% when the forecast duration exceeds ~20% of the mean recurrence interval. We also derive probabilities for the case in which the last event is further constrained to have occurred before historical record keeping began (the historic open interval), which can only serve to increase earthquake probabilities for typically applied renewal models.We conclude that accounting for the historic open interval can improve long-term earthquake rupture forecasts for California and elsewhere.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120140096","usgsCitation":"Field, E.H., and Jordan, T.H., 2015, Time‐dependent renewal‐model probabilities when date of last earthquake is unknown: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 105, p. 459-463, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120140096.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"459","endPage":"463","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060587","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299911,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5540af2de4b0a658d79392b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, Edward H. 0000-0001-8172-7882 field@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8172-7882","contributorId":52242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Edward","email":"field@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jordan, Thomas H.","contributorId":75055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70147095,"text":"70147095 - 2015 - Computing elastic‐rebound‐motivated rarthquake probabilities in unsegmented fault models: a new methodology supported by physics‐based simulators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-28T09:09:46","indexId":"70147095","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Computing elastic‐rebound‐motivated rarthquake probabilities in unsegmented fault models: a new methodology supported by physics‐based simulators","docAbstract":"A methodology is presented for computing elastic‐rebound‐based probabilities in an unsegmented fault or fault system, which involves computing along‐fault averages of renewal‐model parameters. The approach is less biased and more self‐consistent than a logical extension of that applied most recently for multisegment ruptures in California. It also enables the application of magnitude‐dependent aperiodicity values, which the previous approach does not. Monte Carlo simulations are used to analyze long‐term system behavior, which is generally found to be consistent with that of physics‐based earthquake simulators. Results cast doubt that recurrence‐interval distributions at points on faults look anything like traditionally applied renewal models, a fact that should be considered when interpreting paleoseismic data. We avoid such assumptions by changing the \"probability of what\" question (from offset at a point to the occurrence of a rupture, assuming it is the next event to occur). The new methodology is simple, although not perfect in terms of recovering long‐term rates in Monte Carlo simulations. It represents a reasonable, improved way to represent first‐order elastic‐rebound predictability, assuming it is there in the first place, and for a system that clearly exhibits other unmodeled complexities, such as aftershock triggering.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120140094","usgsCitation":"Field, E.H., 2015, Computing elastic‐rebound‐motivated rarthquake probabilities in unsegmented fault models: a new methodology supported by physics‐based simulators: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 105, p. 544-559, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120140094.","productDescription":"16","startPage":"544","endPage":"559","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061683","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299909,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5540af2ae4b0a658d79392a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, Edward H. 0000-0001-8172-7882 field@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8172-7882","contributorId":52242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Edward","email":"field@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70147096,"text":"70147096 - 2015 - “All Models Are Wrong, but Some Are Useful”","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-28T09:02:13","indexId":"70147096","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"“All Models Are Wrong, but Some Are Useful”","docAbstract":"Building a new model, especially one used for policy purposes, takes considerable time, effort, and resources. In justifying such expenditures, one inevitably spends a lot of time denigrating previous models. For example, in pitching the third Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast (UCERF3) (http://www.WGCEP.org/UCERF3), criticisms of the previous model included fault‐segmentation assumptions and the lack of multifault ruptures. In the context of including spatiotemporal clustering for operational earthquake forecasting (e.g., Jordan et al., 2011), another criticism has been that previous candidate models not only ignore elastic rebound but also produce results that are antithetical to that theory. For instance, the short‐term earthquake probabilities model (Gerstenberger et al., 2005), which provided California aftershock hazard maps at the U.S. Geological Survey web site between 2005 and 2010, implies that the time of highest likelihood for any rupture will be the moment after it occurs, even for a big one on the San Andreas fault. Furthermore, Monte Carlo simulations imply that excluding elastic rebound in such models also produces unrealistic triggering statistics (Field, 2012).
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA","doi":"10.1785/02201401213","usgsCitation":"Field, E.H., 2015, “All Models Are Wrong, but Some Are Useful”: Seismological Research Letters, v. 86, no. 2A, p. 291-293, https://doi.org/10.1785/02201401213.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"293","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061973","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299908,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"2A","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5540af2ee4b0a658d79392b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, Edward H. 0000-0001-8172-7882 field@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8172-7882","contributorId":52242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Edward","email":"field@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70148096,"text":"70148096 - 2015 - Genomic single-nucleotide polymorphisms confirm that Gunnison and Greater sage-grouse are genetically well differentiated and that the Bi-State population is distinct","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-21T08:51:59","indexId":"70148096","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genomic single-nucleotide polymorphisms confirm that Gunnison and Greater sage-grouse are genetically well differentiated and that the Bi-State population is distinct","docAbstract":"Sage-grouse are iconic, declining inhabitants of sagebrush habitats in western North America, and their management depends on an understanding of genetic variation across the landscape. Two distinct species of sage-grouse have been recognized, Greater (Centrocercus urophasianus) and Gunnison sage-grouse (C. minimus), based on morphology, behavior, and variation at neutral genetic markers. A parapatric group of Greater Sage-Grouse along the border of California and Nevada (\"Bi-State\") is also genetically distinct at the same neutral genetic markers, yet not different in behavior or morphology. Because delineating taxonomic boundaries and defining conservation units is often difficult in recently diverged taxa and can be further complicated by highly skewed mating systems, we took advantage of new genomic methods that improve our ability to characterize genetic variation at a much finer resolution. We identified thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among Gunnison, Greater, and Bi-State sage-grouse and used them to comprehensively examine levels of genetic diversity and differentiation among these groups. The pairwise multilocus fixation index (FST) was high (0.49) between Gunnison and Greater sage-grouse, and both principal coordinates analysis and model-based clustering grouped samples unequivocally by species. Standing genetic variation was lower within the Gunnison Sage-Grouse. The Bi-State population was also significantly differentiated from Greater Sage-Grouse, albeit more weakly (FST = 0.09), and genetic clustering results were consistent with reduced gene flow with Greater Sage-Grouse. No comparable genetic divisions were found within the Greater Sage-Grouse sample, which spanned the southern half of the range. Thus, we provide much stronger genetic evidence supporting the recognition of Gunnison Sage-Grouse as a distinct species with low genetic diversity. Further, our work confirms that the Bi-State population is differentiated from other Greater Sage-Grouse. The level of differentiation is much less than the divergence between Greater and Gunnison sage-grouse, supporting the idea that the Bi-State represents a unique population within the Greater Sage-Grouse. New genomic methods like the restriction-site-associated DNA (RAD-tag) method used here illustrate how increasing the number of markers and coverage of the genome can better characterize patterns of genetic variation, particularly among recently diverged taxa, providing vital information for conservation and management.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"Santa Clara, CA","doi":"10.1650/CONDOR-14-174.1","usgsCitation":"Oyler-McCance, S.J., Cornman, R.S., Jones, K., and Fike, J.A., 2015, Genomic single-nucleotide polymorphisms confirm that Gunnison and Greater sage-grouse are genetically well differentiated and that the Bi-State population is distinct: The Condor, v. 117, no. 2, p. 217-227, https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-14-174.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"227","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060920","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/condor-14-174.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300628,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555f01c3e4b0a92fa7eb96a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oyler-McCance, Sara J. 0000-0003-1599-8769 sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1599-8769","contributorId":1973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oyler-McCance","given":"Sara","email":"sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cornman, Robert S. 0000-0001-9511-2192 rcornman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9511-2192","contributorId":5356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornman","given":"Robert","email":"rcornman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Kenneth L.","contributorId":72112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Kenneth L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fike, Jennifer A. 0000-0001-8797-7823 fikej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8797-7823","contributorId":140875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fike","given":"Jennifer","email":"fikej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70142587,"text":"70142587 - 2015 - Limnogeology, news in brief","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-09T08:50:51","indexId":"70142587","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1534,"text":"Environmental Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Limnogeology, news in brief","docAbstract":"We've invited Michael R. Rosen, water quality specialist within the USGS Water Science Field Team in Carson City and Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch, professor of geology at Ohio University, to take a look at the intriguing new developments that are emerging in limnogeologic studies. These studies are increasing our understanding of how climate and movements of the Earth's surface influence terrestrial environments, as well as how contaminants are distributed and retained in the environment. They present a selection of recent significant research on sediments, rock, and biota that have been preserved in modern and ancient lake basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","publisherLocation":"Berlin","doi":"10.1007/s12665-014-3700-0","collaboration":"Ohio University","usgsCitation":"Rosen, M.R., and Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch, 2015, Limnogeology, news in brief: Environmental Earth Sciences, v. 73, no. 2, p. 913-917, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3700-0.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"913","endPage":"917","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057983","costCenters":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298338,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":298336,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12665-014-3700-0"}],"volume":"73","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54fec434e4b02419550debd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosen, Michael R. 0000-0003-3991-0522 mrosen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3991-0522","contributorId":495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"mrosen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch","contributorId":139593,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch","affiliations":[{"id":12807,"text":"Ohio University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}