{"pageNumber":"561","pageRowStart":"14000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40783,"records":[{"id":70142587,"text":"70142587 - 2015 - Limnogeology, news in brief","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-09T08:50:51","indexId":"70142587","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1534,"text":"Environmental Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Limnogeology, news in brief","docAbstract":"<p>We've invited Michael R. Rosen, water quality specialist within the USGS Water Science Field Team in Carson City and Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch, professor of geology at Ohio University, to take a look at the intriguing new developments that are emerging in limnogeologic studies. These studies are increasing our understanding of how climate and movements of the Earth's surface influence terrestrial environments, as well as how contaminants are distributed and retained in the environment. They present a selection of recent significant research on sediments, rock, and biota that have been preserved in modern and ancient lake basins.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","publisherLocation":"Berlin","doi":"10.1007/s12665-014-3700-0","collaboration":"Ohio University","usgsCitation":"Rosen, M.R., and Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch, 2015, Limnogeology, news in brief: Environmental Earth Sciences, v. 73, no. 2, p. 913-917, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3700-0.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"913","endPage":"917","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057983","costCenters":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298338,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":298336,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12665-014-3700-0"}],"volume":"73","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54fec434e4b02419550debd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosen, Michael R. 0000-0003-3991-0522 mrosen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3991-0522","contributorId":495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"mrosen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch","contributorId":139593,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch","affiliations":[{"id":12807,"text":"Ohio University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70147431,"text":"70147431 - 2015 - Evidence for intercontinental parasite exchange through molecular detection and characterization of haematozoa in northern pintails (<i>Anas acuta</i>) sampled throughout the North Pacific Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-01T11:28:08","indexId":"70147431","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2025,"text":"International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for intercontinental parasite exchange through molecular detection and characterization of haematozoa in northern pintails (<i>Anas acuta</i>) sampled throughout the North Pacific Basin","docAbstract":"<p>Empirical evidence supports wild birds as playing a role in the interhemispheric exchange of bacteria and viruses; however, data supporting the redistribution of parasites among continents are limited. In this study, the hypothesis that migratory birds contribute to the redistribution of parasites between continents was tested by sampling northern pintails (Anas acuta) at locations throughout the North Pacific Basin in North America and East Asia for haemosporidian infections and assessing the genetic evidence for parasite exchange. Of 878 samples collected from birds in Alaska (USA), California (USA), and Hokkaido (Japan) during August 2011 - May 2012 and screened for parasitic infections using molecular techniques, Leucocytozoon, Haemoproteus, and Plasmodium parasites were detected in 555 (63%), 44 (5%), and 52 (6%) samples, respectively. Using an occupancy modeling approach, the probability of detecting parasites via replicate genetic tests was estimated to be high (p &ge; 0.95). Multi-model inference supported variation of Leucocytozoon parasite prevalence by northern pintail age class and geographic location of sampling in contrast to Haemoproteus and Plasmodium parasites for which there was only support for variation in parasite prevalence by sampling location. Thirty-one unique mitochondrial DNA haplotypes were detected among haematozoa infecting northern pintails including seven lineages shared between samples from North America and Japan. The finding of identical parasite haplotypes at widely distributed geographic locations and general lack of genetic structuring by continent in phylogenies for Leucocytozoon and Plasmodium provides evidence for intercontinental genetic exchange of haemosporidian parasites. Results suggest that migratory birds, including waterfowl, could therefore facilitate the introduction of avian malaria and other haemosporidia to novel hosts and spatially distant regions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.12.004","usgsCitation":"Ramey, A.M., Schmutz, J.A., Reed, J.A., Fujita, G., Scotton, B.D., Casler, B., Fleskes, J.P., Konishi, K., Uchida, K., and Yabsley, M.J., 2015, Evidence for intercontinental parasite exchange through molecular detection and characterization of haematozoa in northern pintails (<i>Anas acuta</i>) sampled throughout the North Pacific Basin: International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, v. 4, no. 1, p. 11-21, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.12.004.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059565","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology 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,{"id":70189623,"text":"70189623 - 2015 - Numerical modeling of injection, stress and permeability enhancement during shear stimulation at the Desert Peak Enhanced Geothermal System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T10:43:46","indexId":"70189623","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2070,"text":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical modeling of injection, stress and permeability enhancement during shear stimulation at the Desert Peak Enhanced Geothermal System","docAbstract":"Creation of an Enhanced Geothermal System relies on stimulation of fracture permeability through self-propping shear failure that creates a complex fracture network with high surface area for efficient heat transfer. In 2010, shear stimulation was carried out in well 27-15 at Desert Peak geothermal field, Nevada, by injecting cold water at pressure less than the minimum principal stress. An order-of-magnitude improvement in well injectivity was recorded. Here, we describe a numerical model that accounts for injection-induced stress changes and permeability enhancement during this stimulation. In a two-part study, we use the coupled thermo-hydrological-mechanical simulator FEHM to: (i) construct a wellbore model for non-steady bottom-hole temperature and pressure conditions during the injection, and (ii) apply these pressures and temperatures as a source term in a numerical model of the stimulation. In this model, a Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion and empirical fracture permeability is developed to describe permeability evolution of the fractured rock. The numerical model is calibrated using laboratory measurements of material properties on representative core samples and wellhead records of injection pressure and mass flow during the shear stimulation. The model captures both the absence of stimulation at low wellhead pressure (WHP ≤1.7 and ≤2.4 MPa) as well as the timing and magnitude of injectivity rise at medium WHP (3.1 MPa). Results indicate that thermoelastic effects near the wellbore and the associated non-local stresses further from the well combine to propagate a failure front away from the injection well. Elevated WHP promotes failure, increases the injection rate, and cools the wellbore; however, as the overpressure drops off with distance, thermal and non-local stresses play an ongoing role in promoting shear failure at increasing distance from the well.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2015.06.003","usgsCitation":"Dempsey, D., Kelkar, S., Davatzes, N., Hickman, S.H., and Moos, D., 2015, Numerical modeling of injection, stress and permeability enhancement during shear stimulation at the Desert Peak Enhanced Geothermal System: International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, v. 78, p. 190-206, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2015.06.003.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"190","endPage":"206","ipdsId":"IP-065414","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472392,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1468563","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344012,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.68530273437499,\n              39.884450178234395\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.56469726562499,\n              39.884450178234395\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.56469726562499,\n              40.6056120582602\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.68530273437499,\n              40.6056120582602\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.68530273437499,\n              39.884450178234395\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"78","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fbae4b0d1f9f065a8d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dempsey, David","contributorId":194844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dempsey","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelkar, Sharad","contributorId":194845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelkar","given":"Sharad","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davatzes, Nick","contributorId":194846,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davatzes","given":"Nick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hickman, Stephen H. 0000-0003-2075-9615 hickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-9615","contributorId":2705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"Stephen","email":"hickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moos, Daniel","contributorId":194847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moos","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70191995,"text":"70191995 - 2015 - Spatial and temporal variation in recruitment and growth of Channel Catfish Alabama bass and Tallapoosa Bass in the Tallapoosa River and associated tributaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-25T12:42:20","indexId":"70191995","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5373,"text":"Cooperator Science Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"FWS/CSS -116","title":"Spatial and temporal variation in recruitment and growth of Channel Catfish Alabama bass and Tallapoosa Bass in the Tallapoosa River and associated tributaries","docAbstract":"<p>Effects of hydrology on growth and hatching success of age-0 black basses and Channel Catfish were examined in regulated and unregulated reaches of the Tallapoosa River, Alabama. Species of the family Centrarchidae, Ictalurus punctatus Channel Catfish and Pylodictis olivaris Flathead Catfish were also collected from multiple tributaries in the basin. Fish were collected from 2010-2014 and were assigned daily ages using otoliths. Hatch dates of individuals of three species (Micropterus henshalli Alabama Bass, M. tallapoosae Tallapoosa Bass and Channel Catfish) were back calculated, and growth histories were estimated every 5 d post hatch from otolith sections using incremental growth analysis. Hatch dates and incremental growth were related to hydrologic and temperature metrics from environmental data collected during the same time periods. Hatch dates at the regulated sites were related to and typically occurred during periods with low and stable flow conditions; however no clear relations between hatch and thermal or flow metrics were evident for the unregulated sites. Some fish hatched during unsuitable thermal conditions at the regulated site suggesting that some fish may recruit from unregulated tributaries. Ages and growth rates of age-0 black basses ranged from 105 to 131 d and 0.53 to 1.33 mm/day at the regulated sites and 44 to 128 d and 0.44 to 0.96 mm/d at the unregulated sites. In general, growth was highest among age-0 fish from the regulated sites, consistent with findings of other studies. Mortality of age-0 to age-1 fish was also variable among years and between sites and with the exception of one year, was lower at regulated sites. Multiple and single regression models of incremental growth versus age, discharge, and temperature metrics were evaluated with Akaike’s Information Criterion (AICc) to assess models that best described growth parameters. Of the models evaluated, the best overall models predicted that daily incremental growth was positively related to low flow parameters and negatively related to the number of times the hydrograph changed direction (e.g., reversals). These results suggest that specific flow and temperature criteria provided from the dam could potentially enhance growth and hatch success of these important sport fish species.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Irwin, E.R., and Goar, T., 2015, Spatial and temporal variation in recruitment and growth of Channel Catfish Alabama bass and Tallapoosa Bass in the Tallapoosa River and associated tributaries: Cooperator Science Series FWS/CSS -116, 30 p.","productDescription":"30 p.","ipdsId":"IP-064738","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350604,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350603,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://digitalmedia.fws.gov/cdm/ref/collection/document/id/2111"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6afac7e4b06e28e9c9a913","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irwin, Elise R. 0000-0002-6866-4976 eirwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6866-4976","contributorId":2588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"Elise","email":"eirwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goar, Taconya","contributorId":201475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goar","given":"Taconya","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70157453,"text":"70157453 - 2015 - Quantifying stream thermal regimes at management-pertinent scales: combining thermal infrared and stationary stream temperature data in a novel modeling framework.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-24T09:40:08","indexId":"70157453","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying stream thermal regimes at management-pertinent scales: combining thermal infrared and stationary stream temperature data in a novel modeling framework.","docAbstract":"<p>Accurately quantifying stream thermal regimes can be challenging because stream temperatures are often spatially and temporally heterogeneous. In this study, we present a novel modeling framework that combines stream temperature data sets that are continuous in either space or time. Specifically, we merged the fine spatial resolution of thermal infrared (TIR) imagery with hourly data from 10 stationary temperature loggers in a 100 km portion of the Big Hole River, MT, USA. This combination allowed us to estimate summer thermal conditions at a relatively fine spatial resolution (every 100 m of stream length) over a large extent of stream (100 km of stream) during during the warmest part of the summer. Rigorous evaluation, including internal validation, external validation with spatially continuous instream temperature measurements collected from a Langrangian frame of reference, and sensitivity analyses, suggests the model was capable of accurately estimating longitudinal patterns in summer stream temperatures for this system Results revealed considerable spatial and temporal heterogeneity in summer stream temperatures and highlighted the value of assessing thermal regimes at relatively fine spatial and temporal scales. Preserving spatial and temporal variability and structure in abiotic stream data provides a critical foundation for understanding the dynamic, multiscale habitat needs of mobile stream organisms. Similarly, enhanced understanding of spatial and temporal variation in dynamic water quality attributes, including temporal sequence and spatial arrangement, can guide strategic placement of monitoring equipment that will subsequently capture variation in environmental conditions directly pertinent to research and management objectives.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2014WR015588","usgsCitation":"Vatland, S.J., Gresswell, R.E., and Poole, G., 2015, Quantifying stream thermal regimes at management-pertinent scales: combining thermal infrared and stationary stream temperature data in a novel modeling framework.: Water Resources Research, v. 51, no. 1, p. 31-46, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015588.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"46","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055712","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science 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,{"id":70159547,"text":"ofr20131280B1 - 2015 - Crystalline basement map of Mauritania derived from filtered aeromagnetic data (deliverable 54_1), Aeromagnetic and geological structure map of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 54_2), Maximum depth to basement map of Mauritania derived from Euler analysis of Aeromagnetic data (phase V, deliverable 54_3), and color composite image of radioelement data (added value)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70159547,"text":"ofr20131280B1 - 2015 - Crystalline basement map of Mauritania derived from filtered aeromagnetic data (deliverable 54_1), Aeromagnetic and geological structure map of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 54_2), Maximum depth to basement map of Mauritania derived from Euler analysis of Aeromagnetic data (phase V, deliverable 54_3), and color composite image of radioelement data (added value)","indexId":"ofr20131280B1","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"B1","title":"Crystalline basement map of Mauritania derived from filtered aeromagnetic data (deliverable 54_1), Aeromagnetic and geological structure map of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 54_2), Maximum depth to basement map of Mauritania derived from Euler analysis of Aeromagnetic data (phase V, deliverable 54_3), and color composite image of radioelement data (added value)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République  Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République  Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République  Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République  Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-08T16:32:28.153188","indexId":"ofr20131280B1","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1280","chapter":"B1","title":"Crystalline basement map of Mauritania derived from filtered aeromagnetic data (deliverable 54_1), Aeromagnetic and geological structure map of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 54_2), Maximum depth to basement map of Mauritania derived from Euler analysis of Aeromagnetic data (phase V, deliverable 54_3), and color composite image of radioelement data (added value)","docAbstract":"<p>In 1996, at the request of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, a team of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists produced a strategic plan for the acquisition, improvement and modernization of multidisciplinary sets of data to support the growth of the Mauritanian minerals sector and to highlight the geological and mineral exploration potential of the country. In 1999, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania implemented a program for the acquisition of the recommended basic geoscientific information, termed the first Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier (Project for Institutional Capacity Building in the Mining Sector, PRISM-I). As a result of the PRISM-I efforts, a great deal of new geological, geophysical, geochemical, remote sensing, and hydrological data became available for evaluation and synthesis. However, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines recognized that additional work was required to extract the full benefit of the data before it could be of greatest use to the international community and of benefit to the Mauritanian minerals and development sector.</p>\n<p>To achieve this benefit, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines implemented a second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier (PRISM-II) in 2006 to consolidate, synthesize, and interpret all of the existing data, create a new 1:1,000,000 scale geologic map, and define the mineral resource potential of the country. A consortium in which the USGS was the lead scientific agency carried out the majority of the PRISM-II work. In 2008, the USGS Mauritania Minerals Project was interrupted due to political changes in Mauritania. PRISM-II work resumed in 2011, and was completed in 2013 with the delivery of over 40 separate written reports and plates, an access file containing the Mauritanian National Mineral Deposits Database, and an interactive GIS containing all of the multi-disciplinary data and interpretive areas of mineral resource potential in Mauritania.</p>\n<p>This report contains the USGS results of the PRISM-II Mauritania Minerals Project and is presented in cooperation with the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania. The Report is composed of separate chapters consisting of multidisciplinary interpretive reports with accompanying plates on the geology, structure, geochronology, geophysics, hydrogeology, geochemistry, remote sensing (Landsat TM and ASTER), and SRTM and ASTER digital elevation models of Mauritania. The syntheses of these multidisciplinary data formed the basis for additional chapters containing interpretive reports on 12 different commodities and deposit types known to occur in Mauritania, accompanied by countrywide mineral resource potential maps of each commodity/deposit type. The commodities and deposit types represented include: (1) Ni, Cu, PGE, and Cr deposits hosted in ultramafic rocks; (2) orogenic, Carlin-like, and epithermal gold deposits; (3) polymetallic Pb-Zn-Cu vein deposits; (4) sediment-hosted Pb-Zn-Ag deposits of the SEDEX and Mississippi Valley-type; (5) sediment-hosted copper deposits; ( 6) volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits; (7) iron oxide copper-gold deposits; (8) uranium deposits; (9) Algoma-, Superior-, and oolitic-type iron deposits; (10) shoreline Ti-Zr placer deposits; (11) incompatible element deposits hosted in pegmatites, alkaline rocks, and carbonatites, and; (12) industrial mineral deposits. Additional chapters include the Mauritanian National Mineral Deposits Database are accompanied by an explanatory text and the Mauritania Minerals Project GIS that contains all of the interpretive layers created by USGS scientists. 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,{"id":70146540,"text":"70146540 - 2015 - Understanding the signature of rock coatings in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-17T14:53:16","indexId":"70146540","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding the signature of rock coatings in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Surface compositional features on rocks such as coatings and weathering rinds provide important information about past aqueous environments and water&ndash;rock interactions. The search for these features represents an important aspect of the Curiosity rover mission. With its unique ability to do fine-scale chemical depth profiling, the ChemCam laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy instrument (LIBS) onboard Curiosity can be used to both identify and analyze rock surface alteration features. In this study we analyze a terrestrial manganese-rich rock varnish coating on a basalt rock in the laboratory with the ChemCam engineering model to determine the LIBS signature of a natural rock coating. Results show that there is a systematic decrease in peak heights for elements such as Mn that are abundant in the coating but not the rock. There is significant spatial variation in the relative abundance of coating elements detected by LIBS depending on where on the rock surface sampled; this is due to the variability in thickness and spatial discontinuities in the coating. Similar trends have been identified in some martian rock targets in ChemCam data, suggesting that these rocks may have coatings or weathering rinds on their surfaces.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2014.05.038","usgsCitation":"Lanza, N.L., Ollila, A.M., Cousin, A., Wiens, R.C., Clegg, S.M., Mangold, N., Bridges, N., Cooper, D., Schmidt, M.E., Berger, J., Arvidson, R.E., Melikechi, N., Newsom, H.E., Tokar, R., Hardgrove, C., Mezzacappa, A., Jackson, R.S., Clark, B., Forni, O., Maurice, S., Nachon, M., Anderson, R.B., Blank, J., Deans, M., Delapp, D., Léveillé, R., McInroy, R., Martinez, R., Meslin, P., and Pinet, P., 2015, Understanding the signature of rock coatings in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy data: Icarus, v. 249, p. 62-73, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2014.05.038.","productDescription":"12 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Matthew","contributorId":56437,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deans","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13302,"text":"11NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Delapp, Dorothea","contributorId":26632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delapp","given":"Dorothea","affiliations":[{"id":13447,"text":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Léveillé, Richard","contributorId":74300,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Léveillé","given":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":13302,"text":"11NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"McInroy, Rhonda","contributorId":140335,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McInroy","given":"Rhonda","affiliations":[{"id":13447,"text":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Martinez, Ronald","contributorId":140336,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martinez","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13447,"text":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Meslin, Pierre-Yves","contributorId":66186,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meslin","given":"Pierre-Yves","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Pinet, Patrick","contributorId":140337,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pinet","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30}]}}
,{"id":70142503,"text":"70142503 - 2015 - Estimating switchgrass productivity in the Great Plains using satellite vegetation index and site environmental variables","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T10:08:49","indexId":"70142503","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating switchgrass productivity in the Great Plains using satellite vegetation index and site environmental variables","docAbstract":"<p><span>Switchgrass is being evaluated as a potential feedstock source for cellulosic biofuels and is being cultivated in several regions of the United States. The recent availability of switchgrass land cover maps derived from the National Agricultural Statistics Service cropland data layer for the conterminous United States provides an opportunity to assess the environmental conditions of switchgrass over large areas and across different geographic locations. The main goal of this study is to develop a data-driven multiple regression switchgrass productivity model and identify the optimal climate and environment conditions for the highly productive switchgrass in the Great Plains (GP). Environmental and climate variables used in the study include elevation, soil organic carbon, available water capacity, climate, and seasonal weather. Satellite-derived growing season averaged Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GSN) was used as a proxy for switchgrass productivity. Multiple regression analyses indicate that there are strong correlations between site environmental variables and switchgrass productivity (</span><i>r</i><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.95). Sufficient precipitation and suitable temperature during the growing season (i.e., not too hot or too cold) are favorable for switchgrass growth. Elevation and soil characteristics (e.g., soil available water capacity) are also an important factor impacting switchgrass productivity. An anticipated switchgrass biomass productivity map for the entire GP based on site environmental and climate conditions and switchgrass productivity model was generated. Highly productive switchgrass areas are mainly located in the eastern part of the GP. Results from this study can help land managers and biofuel plant investors better understand the general environmental and climate conditions influencing switchgrass growth and make optimal land use decisions regarding switchgrass development in the GP.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.09.013","usgsCitation":"Gu, Y., Wylie, B.K., and Howard, D., 2015, Estimating switchgrass productivity in the Great Plains using satellite vegetation index and site environmental variables: Ecological Indicators, v. 48, p. 472-476, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.09.013.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"472","endPage":"476","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046430","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298318,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Plains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.3564453125,\n              25.918526162075153\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.3564453125,\n              49.009050809382046\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.9560546875,\n              49.009050809382046\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.9560546875,\n              25.918526162075153\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.3564453125,\n              25.918526162075153\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"48","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54faddb9e4b02419550db6d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gu, Yingxin 0000-0002-3544-1856 ygu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3544-1856","contributorId":409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gu","given":"Yingxin","email":"ygu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howard, Daniel M. 0000-0002-7563-7538 dhoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7563-7538","contributorId":4431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Daniel M.","email":"dhoward@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70193639,"text":"70193639 - 2015 - Robust global ocean cooling trend for the pre-industrial Common Era","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-02T16:52:24","indexId":"70193639","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Robust global ocean cooling trend for the pre-industrial Common Era","docAbstract":"<p><span>The oceans mediate the response of global climate to natural and anthropogenic forcings. Yet for the past 2,000 years — a key interval for understanding the present and future climate response to these forcings — global sea surface temperature changes and the underlying driving mechanisms are poorly constrained. Here we present a global synthesis of sea surface temperatures for the Common Era (</span><span class=\"small-caps\">CE</span><span>) derived from 57 individual marine reconstructions that meet strict quality control criteria. We observe a cooling trend from 1 to 1800<span>&nbsp;</span></span><span class=\"small-caps\">CE</span><span>that is robust against explicit tests for potential biases in the reconstructions. Between 801 and 1800<span>&nbsp;</span></span><span class=\"small-caps\">CE</span><span>, the surface cooling trend is qualitatively consistent with an independent synthesis of terrestrial temperature reconstructions, and with a sea surface temperature composite derived from an ensemble of climate model simulations using best estimates of past external radiative forcings. Climate simulations using single and cumulative forcings suggest that the ocean surface cooling trend from 801 to 1800<span>&nbsp;</span></span><span class=\"small-caps\">CE</span><span><span>&nbsp;</span>is not primarily a response to orbital forcing but arises from a high frequency of explosive volcanism. Our results show that repeated clusters of volcanic eruptions can induce a net negative radiative forcing that results in a centennial and global scale cooling trend via a decline in mixed-layer oceanic heat content.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/ngeo2510","usgsCitation":"McGregor, H.V., Evans, M.N., Goosse, H., Leduc, G., Martrat, B., Addison, J.A., Mortyn, P.G., Oppo, D.W., Seidenkrantz, M., Sicre, M., Phipps, S.J., Selvaraj, K., Thirumalai, K., Filipsson, H.L., and Ersek, V., 2015, Robust global ocean cooling trend for the pre-industrial Common Era: Nature Geoscience, v. 8, p. 671-677, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2510.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"671","endPage":"677","ipdsId":"IP-060598","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472398,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2510","text":"External Repository"},{"id":348152,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fc2ea9e4b0531197b27f99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGregor, Helen V.","contributorId":152676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGregor","given":"Helen","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":18956,"text":"University of Wollongong (Australia)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":719713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, Michael N.","contributorId":152678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":719714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goosse, Hugues","contributorId":195035,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goosse","given":"Hugues","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leduc, Guillaume","contributorId":195043,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leduc","given":"Guillaume","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martrat, Belen","contributorId":152677,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martrat","given":"Belen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18957,"text":"Spanish Council for Scientific Research (Spain) & Univ. of Cambridge (UK)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":719717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Addison, Jason A. 0000-0003-2416-9743 jaddison@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2416-9743","contributorId":4192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Addison","given":"Jason","email":"jaddison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mortyn, P. Graham","contributorId":195047,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mortyn","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"Graham","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Oppo, Delia W.","contributorId":190717,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oppo","given":"Delia","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Seidenkrantz, Marit-Solveig","contributorId":195059,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seidenkrantz","given":"Marit-Solveig","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sicre, Marie-Alexandrine","contributorId":195061,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sicre","given":"Marie-Alexandrine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Phipps, Steven J.","contributorId":195020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phipps","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Selvaraj, Kandasamy","contributorId":199676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Selvaraj","given":"Kandasamy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Thirumalai, Kaustubh","contributorId":127444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thirumalai","given":"Kaustubh","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6732,"text":"Geological Sciences, University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":719724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Filipsson, Helena L.","contributorId":195031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Filipsson","given":"Helena","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Ersek, Vasile","contributorId":199677,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ersek","given":"Vasile","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70117684,"text":"70117684 - 2015 - Global Cropland Area Database (GCAD) derived from Remote Sensing in Support of Food Security in the Twenty-first Century: Current Achievements and Future Possibilities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-16T16:20:40","indexId":"70117684","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Global Cropland Area Database (GCAD) derived from Remote Sensing in Support of Food Security in the Twenty-first Century: Current Achievements and Future Possibilities","docAbstract":"<p>The precise estimation of the global agricultural cropland- extents, areas, geographic locations, crop types, cropping intensities, and their watering methods (irrigated or rainfed; type of irrigation) provides a critical scientific basis for the development of water and food security policies (Thenkabail et al., 2012, 2011, 2010). By year 2100, the global human population is expected to grow to 10.4 billion under median fertility variants or higher under constant or higher fertility variants (Table 1) with over three quarters living in developing countries, in regions that already lack the capacity to produce enough food. With current agricultural practices, the increased demand for food and nutrition would require in about 2 billion hectares of additional cropland, about twice the equivalent to the land area of the United States, and lead to significant increases in greenhouse gas productions (Tillman et al., 2011). For example, during 1960-2010 world population more than doubled from 3 billion to 7 billion. The nutritional demand of the population also grew swiftly during this period from an average of about 2000 calories per day per person in 1960 to nearly 3000 calories per day per person in 2010. The food demand of increased population along with increased nutritional demand during this period (1960-2010) was met by the &ldquo;green revolution&rdquo; which more than tripled the food production; even though croplands decreased from about 0.43 ha/capita to 0.26 ha/capita (FAO, 2009). The increase in food production during the green revolution was the result of factors such as: (a) expansion in irrigated areas which increased from 130 Mha in 1960s to 278.4 Mha in year 2000 (Siebert et al., 2006) or 399 Mha when you do not consider cropping intensity (Thenkabail et al., 2009a, 2009b, 2009c) or 467 Mha when you consider cropping intensity (Thenkabail et al., 2009a; Thenkabail et al., 2009c); (b) increase in yield and per capita food production (e.g., cereal production from 280 kg/person to 380 kg/person and meat from 22 kg/person to 34 kg/person (McIntyre, 2008); (c) new cultivar types (e.g., hybrid varieties of wheat and rice, biotechnology); and (d) modern agronomic and crop management practices (e.g., fertilizers, herbicide, pesticide applications). However, some of the factors that lead to the green revolution have stressed the environment to limits leading to salinization and decreasing water quality. For example, from 1960 to 2000, the phosphorous use doubled from 10 million tons to 20 MT, pesticide use tripled from near zero to 3 MT, and nitrogen use as fertilizer increased to a staggering 80 MT from just 10 MT (Foley et al., 2007; Khan and Hanjra, 2008). Further, diversion of croplands to bio-fuels is already taking water away from food production; the economics, carbon sequestration, environmental, and food security impacts of biofuel production are net negative (Lal and Pimentel, 2009), leaving us with a carbon debt (Gibbs et al., 2008; Searchinger et al., 2008). Climate models predict that in most regions of the world the hottest seasons on record will become the norm by the end of the century-an outcome that bodes ill for feeding the world (Kumar and Singh, 2005). Also, crop yield increases of the green revolution era have now stagnated (Hossain et al., 2005). Thereby, further increase in food production through increase in cropland areas and\\or increased allocations of water for croplands are widely considered unsustainable and\\or infeasible. Indeed, cropland areas have even begun to decrease in many 3 parts of the World due to factors such as urbanization, industrialization, and salinization. Furthermore, ecological and environmental imperatives such as biodiversity conservation and atmospheric carbon sequestration have put a cap on the possible expansion of cropland areas to other lands such as forests and rangelands. Other important factors limit food security. These include factors such as diversion of croplands to biofuels (Bindraban et al., 2009), limited water resources for irrigation expansion (Turral et al., 2009), limits on agricultural intensifications, loss of croplands to urbanization (Khan and Hanjra, 2008), increasing meat consumption (and associated demands on land and water) (Vinnari and Tapio, 2009), environmental infeasibility for cropland expansion (Gordon et al., 2009), and changing climate have all put pressure on our continued ability to sustain global food security in the twenty-first century. So, how does the World continue to meet its food and nutrition needs?. Solutions may come from bio-technology and precision farming, however developments in these fields are not currently moving at rates that will ensure global food security over next few decades. Further, there is a need for careful consideration of possible harmful effects of bio-technology. We should not be looking back 30&ndash; 50 years from now, like we have been looking back now at many mistakes made during the green revolution. During the green revolution the focus was only on getting more yield per unit area. Little thought was put about serious damage done to our natural environments, water resources, and human health as a result of detrimental factors such as uncontrolled use of herbicides-pesticides-nutrients, drastic groundwater mining, and salinization of fertile soils due to over irrigation. Currently, there is talk of a &ldquo;second green revolution&rdquo; or even an &ldquo;ever green revolution&rdquo;, but clear ideas on what these terms actually mean are still debated and are evolving. One of the biggest issues that are not given adequate focus is the use of large quantities of water for food production. Indeed, an overwhelming proportion (60-90%) of all human water use in India goes for producing their food (Falkenmark, M., &amp; Rockstr&ouml;m, 2006). But such intensive water use for food production is no longer tenable due to increasing pressure for water use alternatives such as increasing urbanization, industrialization, environmental flows, bio-fuels, and recreation. This has brought into sharp focus the need to grow more food per drop of water leading to a &ldquo;blue revolution&rdquo;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Land resources: monitoring, modelling, and mapping","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, Florida","usgsCitation":"Teluguntla, P.G., Thenkabail, P.S., Xiong, J., Gumma, M., Giri, C., Milesi, C., Ozdogan, M., Congalton, R., Tilton, J., Sankey, T.T., Massey, R., Phalke, A., and Yadav, K., 2015, Global Cropland Area Database (GCAD) derived from Remote Sensing in Support of Food Security in the Twenty-first Century: Current Achievements and Future Possibilities, chap. <i>of</i> Land resources: monitoring, modelling, and mapping, 45 p.","productDescription":"45 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054785","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309997,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56221fb0e4b06217fc47921f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Teluguntla, Pardhasaradhi G. 0000-0001-8060-9841 pteluguntla@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8060-9841","contributorId":5275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teluguntla","given":"Pardhasaradhi","email":"pteluguntla@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thenkabail, Prasad S. 0000-0002-2182-8822 pthenkabail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2182-8822","contributorId":570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenkabail","given":"Prasad","email":"pthenkabail@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xiong, Jun 0000-0002-2320-0780 jxiong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2320-0780","contributorId":5276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xiong","given":"Jun","email":"jxiong@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gumma, Murali Krishna","contributorId":50426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gumma","given":"Murali Krishna","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Giri, Chandra cgiri@usgs.gov","contributorId":2403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giri","given":"Chandra","email":"cgiri@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":577765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Milesi, Cristina","contributorId":107590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milesi","given":"Cristina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ozdogan, Mutlu","contributorId":32060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ozdogan","given":"Mutlu","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Congalton, Russ","contributorId":149288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Congalton","given":"Russ","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tilton, James","contributorId":149289,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tilton","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sankey, Temuulen Tsagaan","contributorId":149290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sankey","given":"Temuulen","email":"","middleInitial":"Tsagaan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Massey, Richard","contributorId":149291,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Massey","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Phalke, Aparna","contributorId":149292,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phalke","given":"Aparna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Yadav, Kamini","contributorId":138720,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yadav","given":"Kamini","affiliations":[{"id":12507,"text":"Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, 56 College Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70159508,"text":"ofr20131280C - 2015 - Hydrogeologic map of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 56), Synthesis of hydrologic data (phase V, deliverable 57), and chemical hydrologic map of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (added value)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70159508,"text":"ofr20131280C - 2015 - Hydrogeologic map of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 56), Synthesis of hydrologic data (phase V, deliverable 57), and chemical hydrologic map of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (added value)","indexId":"ofr20131280C","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Hydrogeologic map of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 56), Synthesis of hydrologic data (phase V, deliverable 57), and chemical hydrologic map of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (added value)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République  Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République  Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République  Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République  Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-08T17:07:03.551061","indexId":"ofr20131280C","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1280","chapter":"C","title":"Hydrogeologic map of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 56), Synthesis of hydrologic data (phase V, deliverable 57), and chemical hydrologic map of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (added value)","docAbstract":"<p>A hydrogeologic study was conducted to support mineral-resource assessment activities in Mauritania, Africa. Airborne magnetic depth estimates reveal two primary groundwater basins: the porous coastal Continental Terminal Basin (fill deposits); and the interior, fractured interior Taoudeni Basin. In the Continental Terminal Basin, there is uniform vertical recharge and localized discharge that is coincident with groundwater pumping at Nouakchott. This pumping center induces eastward flow of groundwater from the Atlantic Ocean resulting in a salinity gradient that diminishes quality over 100 km. Groundwater also flows southward into the basin from Western Sahara. By contrast, an interbasin exchange occurs as fresh groundwater flows westward from the Taoudeni Basin. In the Taoudeni Basin, zones of local recharge occur in three areas: northwest at the edge of the Rgue&iuml;bat Shield; at the city of Tidjikja; and near the center of the basin. Groundwater also flows across international boundaries: northward into Western Sahara and westward into Mali. At the southern country boundary, the Senegal River serves as both a source and sink of fresh groundwater to the Continental Terminal and Taoudeni basins. Using a geographical information system, thirteen hydrogeologic units are identified based on lateral extent and distinct hydraulic properties for future groundwater model development. Combining this information with drilling productivity, groundwaterquality, and geophysical interpretations (fracturing and absence of subsurface dikes) three potential water-resource development targets were identified: sedimentary rocks of the Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Quaternary Periods; sedimentary rocks of Cambrian and Ordovician Periods; and sedimentary rocks of Neoproterozoic age.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République  Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) (Open File Report 2013-1280)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131280C","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania","usgsCitation":"Friedel, M.J., Finn, C.A., and Horton, J.D., 2015, Hydrogeologic map of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 56), Synthesis of hydrologic data (phase V, deliverable 57), and chemical hydrologic map of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (added value): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1280, Report: vii, 23 p.; 2 Plates: 54.0 x 60.0 inches; Data; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131280C.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 23 p.; 2 Plates: 54.0 x 60.0 inches; Data; Metadata","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052689","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131280C.PNG"},{"id":319082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1280/GIS_and_Maps/Chapter_C_deliverable_56_and_added_value-Hydrogeology/","text":"Maps, Data, and Metadata"},{"id":319081,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1280/Final_Reports_English/deliverable_57-Hydrology-chapter_C.pdf","text":"Chapter C","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Mauritania","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-12.17075,14.61683],[-12.83066,15.30369],[-13.43574,16.03938],[-14.09952,16.3043],[-14.57735,16.59826],[-15.13574,16.58728],[-15.62367,16.36934],[-16.12069,16.45566],[-16.4631,16.13504],[-16.54971,16.67389],[-16.27055,17.16696],[-16.14635,18.10848],[-16.25688,19.09672],[-16.37765,19.59382],[-16.27784,20.09252],[-16.53632,20.56787],[-17.06342,20.99975],[-16.84519,21.33332],[-12.9291,21.32707],[-13.11875,22.77122],[-12.87422,23.28483],[-11.93722,23.37459],[-11.96942,25.93335],[-8.68729,25.88106],[-8.6844,27.39574],[-4.92334,24.97457],[-6.45379,24.95659],[-5.97113,20.64083],[-5.48852,16.3251],[-5.31528,16.20185],[-5.53774,15.50169],[-9.55024,15.4865],[-9.70026,15.26411],[-10.08685,15.33049],[-10.65079,15.13275],[-11.3491,15.41126],[-11.66608,15.38821],[-11.83421,14.7991],[-12.17075,14.61683]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Mauritania\"}}]}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f11b5ce4b0f59b85ddc441","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedel, Michael J. 0000-0002-5060-3999 mfriedel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"Michael","email":"mfriedel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finn, Carol A. 0000-0002-6178-0405 cfinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":1326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Carol","email":"cfinn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horton, John D. 0000-0003-2969-9073 jhorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2969-9073","contributorId":1227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"John","email":"jhorton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70182228,"text":"70182228 - 2015 - Denitrification in the Mississippi River network controlled by flow through river bedforms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T14:28:52.992248","indexId":"70182228","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Denitrification in the Mississippi River network controlled by flow through river bedforms","docAbstract":"<p>Increasing nitrogen concentrations in the world’s major rivers have led to over-fertilization of sensitive downstream waters. Flow through channel bed and bank sediments acts to remove riverine nitrogen through microbe-mediated denitrification reactions. However, little is understood about where in the channel network this biophysical process is most efficient, why certain channels are more effective nitrogen reactors, and how management practices can enhance the removal of nitrogen in regions where water circulates through sediment and mixes with groundwater - hyporheic zones. Here we present numerical simulations of hyporheic flow and denitrification throughout the Mississippi River network using a hydrogeomorphic model. We find that vertical exchange with sediments beneath the riverbed in hyporheic zones, driven by submerged bedforms, has denitrification potential that far exceeds lateral hyporheic exchange with sediments alongside river channels, driven by river bars and meandering banks. We propose that geomorphic differences along river corridors can explain why denitrification efficiency varies between basins in the Mississippi River network. Our findings suggest that promoting the development of permeable bedforms at the streambed - and thus vertical hyporheic exchange - would be more effective at enhancing river denitrification in large river basins than promoting lateral exchange through induced channel meandering.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/NGEO2567","usgsCitation":"Gomez-Velez, J., Harvey, J.W., Cardenas, M.B., and Kiel, B., 2015, Denitrification in the Mississippi River network controlled by flow through river bedforms: Nature Geoscience, v. 8, p. 941-945, https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2567.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"941","endPage":"945","ipdsId":"IP-066691","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335897,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Network","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.15234375,\n              46.042735653846506\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.30419921875,\n              49.009050809382046\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.18212890625,\n              49.296471602658066\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.04931640625,\n              48.79239019646406\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.466796875,\n              45.1510532655634\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.7197265625,\n              43.61221676817573\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.3369140625,\n              40.094882122321145\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.12890625,\n              38.44498466889473\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.658203125,\n              37.96152331396614\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.890625,\n              36.10237644873644\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.517578125,\n              35.38904996691167\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.177734375,\n              37.23032838760387\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.5625,\n              36.73888412439431\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.9140625,\n              36.31512514748051\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.419921875,\n              36.87962060502676\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.92578124999999,\n              42.87596410238256\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.73828125,\n              40.97989806962013\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.287109375,\n              40.97989806962013\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.078125,\n              42.22851735620852\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.1328125,\n              42.5530802889558\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.275390625,\n              41.64007838467894\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.802734375,\n              42.293564192170095\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.890625,\n              43.068887774169625\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.845703125,\n              46.558860303117164\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.04296874999999,\n              47.81315451752768\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.09765625,\n              47.21956811231547\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.537109375,\n              46.800059446787316\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.15234375,\n              46.042735653846506\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ad5fc3e4b01ccd54f8b527","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gomez-Velez, Jesus D. jgomezvelez@usgs.gov","contributorId":5362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomez-Velez","given":"Jesus D.","email":"jgomezvelez@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":670075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":670074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cardenas, M. Bayani","contributorId":181932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cardenas","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bayani","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kiel, Brian","contributorId":181933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kiel","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70182234,"text":"70182234 - 2015 - River corridor science: Hydrologic exchange and ecological consequences from bedforms to basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T15:21:24","indexId":"70182234","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"River corridor science: Hydrologic exchange and ecological consequences from bedforms to basins","docAbstract":"<p><span>Previously regarded as the passive drains of watersheds, over the past 50 years, rivers have progressively been recognized as being actively connected with off-channel environments. These connections prolong physical storage and enhance reactive processing to alter water chemistry and downstream transport of materials and energy. Here we propose river corridor science as a concept that integrates downstream transport with lateral and vertical exchange across interfaces. Thus, the river corridor, rather than the wetted river channel itself, is an increasingly common unit of study. Main channel exchange with recirculating marginal waters, hyporheic exchange, bank storage, and overbank flow onto floodplains are all included under a broad continuum of interactions known as “hydrologic exchange flows.” Hydrologists, geomorphologists, geochemists, and aquatic and terrestrial ecologists are cooperating in studies that reveal the dynamic interactions among hydrologic exchange flows and consequences for water quality improvement, modulation of river metabolism, habitat provision for vegetation, fish, and wildlife, and other valued ecosystem services. The need for better integration of science and management is keenly felt, from testing effectiveness of stream restoration and riparian buffers all the way to reevaluating the definition of the waters of the United States to clarify the regulatory authority under the Clean Water Act. A major challenge for scientists is linking the small-scale physical drivers with their larger-scale fluvial and geomorphic context and ecological consequences. Although the fine scales of field and laboratory studies are best suited to identifying the fundamental physical and biological processes, that understanding must be successfully linked to cumulative effects at watershed to regional and continental scales.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2015WR017617","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J., and Gooseff, M., 2015, River corridor science: Hydrologic exchange and ecological consequences from bedforms to basins: Water Resources Research, v. 51, no. 9, p. 6893-6922, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017617.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"6893","endPage":"6922","ipdsId":"IP-066971","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335903,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ad5fc2e4b01ccd54f8b523","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Judson 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":140228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":670103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gooseff, Michael","contributorId":181942,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gooseff","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70191822,"text":"70191822 - 2015 - Plague bacterium as a transformer species in prairie dogs and the grasslands of western North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-18T10:34:40","indexId":"70191822","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plague bacterium as a transformer species in prairie dogs and the grasslands of western North America","docAbstract":"<p><span>Invasive transformer species change the character, condition, form, or nature of ecosystems and deserve considerable attention from conservation scientists. We applied the transformer species concept to the plague bacterium&nbsp;</span><span class=\"fixed-roman\">Yersinia pestis</span><span><span>&nbsp;</span>in western North America, where the pathogen was introduced around 1900.<span>&nbsp;</span></span><span class=\"fixed-roman\">Y. pestis</span><span><span>&nbsp;</span>transforms grassland ecosystems by severely depleting the abundance of prairie dogs (</span><span class=\"fixed-roman\">Cynomys spp.</span><span>) and thereby causing declines in native species abundance and diversity, including threatened and endangered species; altering food web connections; altering the import and export of nutrients; causing a loss of ecosystem resilience to encroaching invasive plants; and modifying prairie dog burrows.<span>&nbsp;</span></span><span class=\"fixed-roman\">Y. pestis</span><span><span>&nbsp;</span>poses an important challenge to conservation biologists because it causes trophic-level perturbations that affect the stability of ecosystems. Unfortunately, understanding of the effects of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><span class=\"fixed-roman\">Y. pestis</span><span><span>&nbsp;</span>on ecosystems is rudimentary, highlighting an acute need for continued research.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/cobi.12498","usgsCitation":"Eads, D.A., and Biggins, D.E., 2015, Plague bacterium as a transformer species in prairie dogs and the grasslands of western North America: Conservation Biology, v. 29, no. 4, p. 1086-1093, https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12498.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1086","endPage":"1093","ipdsId":"IP-064632","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346831,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e8683de4b05fe04cd4d249","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eads, David A. 0000-0002-4247-017X deads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4247-017X","contributorId":173639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eads","given":"David","email":"deads@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":713233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70174155,"text":"70174155 - 2015 - Day-roost tree selection by northern long-eared bats - What do non-roost tree comparisons and one year of data really tell us?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-18T16:02:10","indexId":"70174155","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3871,"text":"Global Ecology and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Day-roost tree selection by northern long-eared bats - What do non-roost tree comparisons and one year of data really tell us?","docAbstract":"<p><span>Bat day-roost selection often is described through comparisons of day-roosts with randomly selected, and assumed unused, trees. Relatively few studies, however, look at patterns of multi-year selection or compare day-roosts used across years. We explored day-roost selection using 2 years of roost selection data for female northern long-eared bats (</span><i>Myotis septentrionalis</i><span>) on the Fort Knox Military Reservation, Kentucky, USA. We compared characteristics of randomly selected non-roost trees and day-roosts using a multinomial logistic model and day-roost species selection using chi-squared tests. We found that factors differentiating day-roosts from non-roosts and day-roosts between years varied. Day-roosts differed from non-roosts in the first year of data in all measured factors, but only in size and decay stage in the second year. Between years, day-roosts differed in size and canopy position, but not decay stage. Day-roost species selection was non-random and did not differ between years. Although bats used multiple trees, our results suggest that there were additional unused trees that were suitable as roosts at any time. Day-roost selection pattern descriptions will be inadequate if based only on a single year of data, and inferences of roost selection based only on comparisons of roost to non-roosts should be limited.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2015.03.008","usgsCitation":"Silvis, A., Ford, W., and Britzke, E.R., 2015, Day-roost tree selection by northern long-eared bats - What do non-roost tree comparisons and one year of data really tell us?: Global Ecology and Conservation, v. 3, p. 756-763, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2015.03.008.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"756","endPage":"763","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040382","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472624,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2015.03.008","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325401,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","otherGeospatial":"Fort Knox Military Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.00749969482422,\n              37.86455455760559\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.00749969482422,\n              37.98993962366689\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.81558227539062,\n              37.98993962366689\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.81558227539062,\n              37.86455455760559\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.00749969482422,\n              37.86455455760559\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578dfdb0e4b0f1bea0e0f82c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Silvis, Alexander","contributorId":171585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silvis","given":"Alexander","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":26923,"text":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, VA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ford, W. Mark 0000-0002-9611-594X wford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-594X","contributorId":172499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W. Mark","email":"wford@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":641002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Britzke, Eric R.","contributorId":8327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britzke","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70192333,"text":"70192333 - 2015 - Geologic setting of the proposed Fallon FORGE Site, Nevada: Suitability for EGS research and development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-02T15:51:29","indexId":"70192333","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5555,"text":"GRC Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic setting of the proposed Fallon FORGE Site, Nevada: Suitability for EGS research and development","docAbstract":"<p>The proposed Fallon FORGE site lies within and adjacent to the Naval Air Station Fallon (NASF) directly southeast of the town of Fallon, Nevada, within the large basin of the Carson Sink in west-central Nevada. The site is located on two parcels that include land owned by the NASF and leased and owned by Ormat Nevada, Inc. The Carson Sink in the vicinity of the Fallon site is covered by Quaternary deposits, including alluvial fan, eolian, and lacustrine sediments. Four wells penetrate the entire Neogene section and bottom in Mesozoic basement. Late Miocene to Quaternary basin-fill sediments are 0.5 to &gt;1 km thick and overlie Oligocene-Miocene volcanic and lesser sedimentary rocks. The volcanic section is 0.5 to 1.0 km thick and dominated by Miocene mafic lavas. The Neogene section rests nonconformably on heterogeneous Mesozoic basement, which consists of Triassic-Jurassic metamorphic rocks intruded by Cretaceous granitic plutons. The structural framework is dominated by a gently west-tilted half graben cut by moderately to steeply dipping N- to NNEstriking normal faults that dip both east and west. Quaternary faults have not been observed within the proposed FORGE site. </p><p>Fallon was selected for a potential FORGE site due to its extensional tectonic setting, abundance of available data, existing infrastructure, and documented temperatures, permeability, and lithologic composition of potential reservoirs that fall within the ranges specified by DOE for FORGE. Since the early 1970s, more than 45 wells have been drilled for geothermal exploration within the area. Four exploration wells within the FORGE site are available for use in the project. Several additional wells are available for monitoring outside the central FORGE site within the NASF and Ormat lease area, including numerous temperature gradient holes. There is an existing, ten-station micro-seismic earthquake (MEQ) array that has been collecting data since 2001; the MEQ array can be expanded to encompass the entire Fallon project. The well data indicate that a sizeable area (~4.5 km2 ) has adequate temperatures in crystalline basement but lacks sufficient permeability within the proposed FORGE site. There are two possible, competent target formations in Mesozoic basement for stimulation in the FORGE project area: 1) Jurassic felsic metavolcanic rocks/and or metaquartzite; and 2) Cretaceous granitic intrusions. These units make up at least 3 km3 in the project area and have target temperatures of ~175-215o C. The abundant well data and detailed geophysical surveys (e.g., gravity, MT, and seismic reflection) provide significant subsurface control for the site and will permit development of a detailed 3D model. The documented temperatures, low permeability, and basement lithologies, as well as abundant available data facilitate development of a site dedicated to testing and improving new EGS technologies and techniques, thus making Fallon an ideal candidate for FORGE. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geothermal Resources Council","usgsCitation":"Faulds, J., Blankenship, D., Hinz, N., Sabin, A., Nordquist, J., Hickman, S.H., Glen, J.M., Kennedy, M., Siler, D., Robinson-Tait, A., Williams, C.F., Drakos, P., and Calvin, W.M., 2015, Geologic setting of the proposed Fallon FORGE Site, Nevada: Suitability for EGS research and development: GRC Transactions, v. 39, p. 293-302.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"302","ipdsId":"IP-066155","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350992,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347277,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.geothermal-library.org/index.php?mode=pubs&action=view&record=1032163"}],"volume":"39","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7586dce4b00f54eb1d820c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faulds, James E.","contributorId":184258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faulds","given":"James E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blankenship, Douglas","contributorId":198213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blankenship","given":"Douglas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinz, Nicholas H.","contributorId":184260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinz","given":"Nicholas H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sabin, Andrew","contributorId":197141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sabin","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nordquist, Josh","contributorId":198214,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nordquist","given":"Josh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hickman, Stephen H. 0000-0003-2075-9615 hickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-9615","contributorId":2705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"Stephen","email":"hickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Glen, Jonathan M.G. 0000-0002-3502-3355 jglen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3502-3355","contributorId":176530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glen","given":"Jonathan","email":"jglen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kennedy, Mack","contributorId":198215,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Mack","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Siler, Drew","contributorId":193559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Siler","given":"Drew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Robinson-Tait, Ann","contributorId":198216,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson-Tait","given":"Ann","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Williams, Colin F. 0000-0003-2196-5496 colin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-5496","contributorId":274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Colin","email":"colin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Drakos, Peter","contributorId":201634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drakos","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Calvin, Wendy M. 0000-0002-6097-9586","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6097-9586","contributorId":189159,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calvin","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70193648,"text":"70193648 - 2015 - Non-perturbational surface-wave inversion: A Dix-type relation for surface waves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-02T13:21:49","indexId":"70193648","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Non-perturbational surface-wave inversion: A Dix-type relation for surface waves","docAbstract":"<p><span>We extend the approach underlying the well-known Dix equation in reflection seismology to surface waves. Within the context of surface wave inversion, the Dix-type relation we derive for surface waves allows accurate depth profiles of shear-wave velocity to be constructed directly from phase velocity data, in contrast to perturbational methods. The depth profiles can subsequently be used as an initial model for nonlinear inversion. We provide examples of the Dix-type relation for under-parameterized and over-parameterized cases. In the under-parameterized case, we use the theory to estimate crustal thickness, crustal shear-wave velocity, and mantle shear-wave velocity across the Western U.S. from phase velocity maps measured at 8-, 20-, and 40-s periods. By adopting a thin-layer formalism and an over-parameterized model, we show how a regularized inversion based on the Dix-type relation yields smooth depth profiles of shear-wave velocity. In the process, we quantitatively demonstrate the depth sensitivity of surface-wave phase velocity as a function of frequency and the accuracy of the Dix-type relation. We apply the over-parameterized approach to a near-surface data set within the frequency band from 5 to 40&nbsp;Hz and find overall agreement between the inverted model and the result of full nonlinear inversion.</span><span><br></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/geo2014-0612.1","usgsCitation":"Haney, M.M., and Tsai, V.C., 2015, Non-perturbational surface-wave inversion: A Dix-type relation for surface waves: Geophysics, v. 80, no. 6, p. EN167-EN177, https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2014-0612.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"EN167","endPage":"EN177","ipdsId":"IP-064518","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472395,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160211-082242072","text":"External Repository"},{"id":348088,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fc2ea8e4b0531197b27f97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haney, Matthew M. 0000-0003-3317-7884 mhaney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3317-7884","contributorId":172948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"Matthew","email":"mhaney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tsai, Victor C. 0000-0003-1809-6672","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1809-6672","contributorId":199684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsai","given":"Victor","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":27150,"text":"Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":719751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70191871,"text":"70191871 - 2015 - Climate change in the Northeast and Midwest United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-29T14:04:14.1715","indexId":"70191871","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"chapter":"1","title":"Climate change in the Northeast and Midwest United States","docAbstract":"<p>The climate is changing rapidly in ways that have already impacted wildlife and their habitats. Here, we present a summary of the observed past and projected future climate changes in the region that are relevant to wildlife and ecosystems, as well as what we know and don’t know in order to raise managers’ confidence in their planning. A number of large-scale regional changes affect the overall terrestrial landscape within the Northeast and Midwest United States: </p><p><ul><li>Warming is occurring in every season, particularly in winter, at higher latitudes, at higher elevations, and inland (i.e. away from the ocean and lake coasts).<br></li><li>Heatwaves may become more frequent, more intense, and last longer.<br></li><li>Precipitation amounts are increasing, particularly in winter and with respect to highintensity events in summer.<br></li><li>Snow is shifting to rain, leading to reduced snowpacks and extent of snow cover, as well as harder, crustier snowpacks.<br></li><li>Atmospheric moisture content is likely to increase.<br></li><li>Wind speeds are declining, though wind gusts may be intensifying.<br></li><li>Streamflows are intensifying.<br></li><li>Streams are warming.<br></li><li>Thunderstorms may become more severe.<br></li><li>Floods are intensifying, yet droughts are also on the rise as dry periods between events get longer.<br></li><li>Blizzards and ice storms are occurring more often in some areas, though most areas experiencing milder winters (i.e., warmer and with less snow).<br></li><li>Growing seasons are getting longer, with more growing degree days accumulating earlier in the season.<br></li></ul></p><p>In addition, localized climate change is occurring in specific regions: </p><p><ul><li>U.S. Atlantic coast<br></li><ul><li>Sea level is rising at an accelerating rate.</li><li>Tropical cyclones and hurricanes may be intensifying and storm tracks have been shifting northward along the coast.</li><li>Oceans are warming and becoming more acidic.</li></ul><li>Great Lakes<br></li><ul><li>The lakes are warming.</li><li>Winter maximum lake ice extent is shrinking.</li><li>Lake evaporation rates are increasing.</li><li>Lake-effect snow events are becoming more severe, longer lasting, and shifting to rain, but occurring less often.</li><li>Water levels have decreased, but may not be linked to anthropogenic climate change.</li></ul><li>Appalachians<br></li><ul><li>Warming may be occurring more rapidly at higher elevations.</li><li>Greater intensification of heavy rainfall events may be occurring.</li></ul></ul></p><p>In the short term (i.e., over the next 5-20 years), the direction and magnitude of warming in the global climate are mostly consistent across all emissions scenarios and with strong agreement across models. Accordingly, we are certain that the Northeast and Midwest will see longer growing seasons. We are likely to see shifts from snow to rain, though shifts in the amount of total precipitation (rain and snow) are less certain. Severe weather events (e.g., thunderstorms, tornadoes) are challenging to detect. Soil moisture and evapotranspiration trends are neither robustly observed nor consistent amongst modeling studies.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Integrating climate change into northeast and midwest State Wildlife Action Plans","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Northeast Climate Science Center","usgsCitation":"Bryan, A., Karmalkar, A., Coffel, E., Ning, L., Horton, R.M., Demaria, E., Fan, F., Bradley, R.S., and Palmer, R., 2015, Climate change in the Northeast and Midwest United States, 51 p.","productDescription":"51 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"57","ipdsId":"IP-065184","costCenters":[{"id":41705,"text":"Northeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352203,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":346866,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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,{"id":70174890,"text":"70174890 - 2015 - Contrasting fish assemblages in free-flowing and impounded tributaries to the Upper Delaware River: Implications for conserving biodiversity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-03T16:26:44","indexId":"70174890","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Contrasting fish assemblages in free-flowing and impounded tributaries to the Upper Delaware River: Implications for conserving biodiversity","docAbstract":"<p>The Neversink River and the Beaver Kill in southeastern New York are major tributaries to the Delaware River, the longest undammed river east of the Mississippi. While the Beaver Kill is free flowing for its entire length, the Neversink River is subdivided by the Neversink Reservoir, which likely affects the diversity of local fish assemblages and health of aquatic ecosystems. The reservoir is an important part of the New York City waster-supply system that provides drinking water to more than 9 million people. Fish population and community data from recent quantitative surveys at comparable sites in both basins were assessed to characterize the differences between free-flowing and impounded rivers and the extent of reservoir effects to improve our capacity to define ecosystems responses that two modified flow-release programs (implemented in 2007 and 2011) should produce in the Neversink River. In general, the continuum of changes in fish assemblages which normally occur between headwaters and mouth was relatively uninterrupted in the Beaver Kill, but disrupted by the mid-basin impoundment in the Neversink River. Fish assemblages were also adversely affected at several acidified sites in the upper Neversink River, but not at most sites assessed herein. The reservoir clearly excluded diadromous species from the upper sub-basin, but it also substantially reduced community richness, diversity, and biomass at several mid-basin sites immediately downstream from the impoundment. There results will aid future attempts to determine if fish assemblages respond to more natural, yet highly regulated, flow regimes in the Neversink River. More important, knowledge gained from this study can help optimize use of valuable water resources while promoting species of special concern, such as American eel (Anguilla rostrata) and conserving biodiversity in Catskill Mountain streams.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Environmental Research","language":"English","publisher":"Nova Science Publishers, Inc.","collaboration":"The Nature Conservancy; Pike County PA; USGS","usgsCitation":"Baldigo, B.P., Delucia, M., Keller, W.D., Schuler, G.E., Apse, C.D., and Moberg, T., 2015, Contrasting fish assemblages in free-flowing and impounded tributaries to the Upper Delaware River: Implications for conserving biodiversity, chap. <i>of</i> Advances in Environmental Research, v. 45, p. 43-70.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"70","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044340","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326081,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325458,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/index.php"}],"volume":"45","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a315bce4b006cb45558a48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119 bbaldigo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":1234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry","email":"bbaldigo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delucia, Mari-Beth","contributorId":173018,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delucia","given":"Mari-Beth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7041,"text":"The Nature Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keller, Walter D.","contributorId":14813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schuler, George E.","contributorId":37005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuler","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Apse, Colin D.","contributorId":54680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Apse","given":"Colin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Moberg, Tara","contributorId":173019,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moberg","given":"Tara","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7041,"text":"The Nature Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70187265,"text":"70187265 - 2015 - Radio-transmitters have no impact on survival of pre-fledged American Woodcocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T10:35:47","indexId":"70187265","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radio-transmitters have no impact on survival of pre-fledged American Woodcocks","docAbstract":"<p><span>American Woodcocks (</span><i>Scolopax minor</i><span>) are a high priority species of conservation need across most of their breeding range due to long-term population declines. Survival of juveniles may be key to understanding these population declines, but there have been few direct estimates of juvenile woodcock survival rates, and no recent assessment of the possible effect of radio-tagging on juvenile survival. In 2011 and 2012, we radio-tagged 73 juvenile American Woodcocks in west-central Minnesota and compared survival rates of radio-tagged (</span><i>N</i><span> = 58) and non-radio-tagged (</span><i>N</i><span> = 82) juveniles during the period from hatching to fledging. We compared survival rates of juveniles with known fates and used logistic-exposure models to assess the potential impact of radio-transmitters on survival. We evaluated variables related to juvenile survival including age, hatch date, maximum and minimum temperature, precipitation, and year to assess the possible effects of radio-transmitters. The best-supported model of survival rate of juvenile American Woodcocks included the interaction of age and year and a negative effect of precipitation (β = −0.76, 85% CI: −1.08 to −0.43), but did not include a negative effect of transmitters. Our results suggest that radio-transmitters did not impact survival of juvenile American Woodcocks and that transmitters are a reliable tool for studying survival of juvenile American Woodcocks, and perhaps other precocial shorebirds.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1656/058.012.0107","usgsCitation":"Daly, K.O., Andersen, D., Brininger, W.L., and Cooper, T.R., 2015, Radio-transmitters have no impact on survival of pre-fledged American Woodcocks: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 86, no. 4, p. 345-351, https://doi.org/10.1656/058.012.0107.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"351","ipdsId":"IP-066725","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340491,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59030328e4b0e862d230f74d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Daly, Kyle O.","contributorId":191466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Daly","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andersen, David E. 0000-0001-9535-3404 dea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9535-3404","contributorId":2168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"David E.","email":"dea@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":34539,"text":"Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brininger, Wayne L.","contributorId":191467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brininger","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cooper, Thomas R.","contributorId":191468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooper","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70187285,"text":"70187285 - 2015 - Day-roost tree selection by northern long-eared bats—What do non-roost tree comparisons and one year of data really tell us?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T17:06:01","indexId":"70187285","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3871,"text":"Global Ecology and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Day-roost tree selection by northern long-eared bats—What do non-roost tree comparisons and one year of data really tell us?","docAbstract":"<p><span>Bat day-roost selection often is described through comparisons of day-roosts with randomly selected, and assumed unused, trees. Relatively few studies, however, look at patterns of multi-year selection or compare day-roosts used across years. We explored day-roost selection using 2 years of roost selection data for female northern long-eared bats (</span><i>Myotis septentrionalis</i><span>) on the Fort Knox Military Reservation, Kentucky, USA. We compared characteristics of randomly selected non-roost trees and day-roosts using a multinomial logistic model and day-roost species selection using chi-squared tests. We found that factors differentiating day-roosts from non-roosts and day-roosts between years varied. Day-roosts differed from non-roosts in the first year of data in all measured factors, but only in size and decay stage in the second year. Between years, day-roosts differed in size and canopy position, but not decay stage. Day-roost species selection was non-random and did not differ between years. Although bats used multiple trees, our results suggest that there were additional unused trees that were suitable as roosts at any time. Day-roost selection pattern descriptions will be inadequate if based only on a single year of data, and inferences of roost selection based only on comparisons of roost to non-roosts should be limited.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2015.03.008","usgsCitation":"Silvis, A., Ford, W.M., and Britzke, E.R., 2015, Day-roost tree selection by northern long-eared bats—What do non-roost tree comparisons and one year of data really tell us?: Global Ecology and Conservation, v. 3, p. 756-763, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2015.03.008.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"756","endPage":"763","ipdsId":"IP-062821","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472422,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2015.03.008","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340550,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59030328e4b0e862d230f74b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Silvis, Alexander","contributorId":171585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silvis","given":"Alexander","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":26923,"text":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, VA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ford, W. Mark wford@usgs.gov","contributorId":3858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W.","email":"wford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":693216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Britzke, Eric R.","contributorId":8327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britzke","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70157120,"text":"70157120 - 2015 - Tsunami geology in paleoseismology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-09T13:47:56","indexId":"70157120","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Tsunami geology in paleoseismology","docAbstract":"<p>The 2004 Indian Ocean and 2011 Tohoku-oki disasters dramatically demonstrated the destructiveness and deadliness of tsunamis. For the assessment of future risk posed by tsunamis it is necessary to understand past tsunami events. Recent work on tsunami deposits has provided new information on paleotsunami events, including their recurrence interval and the size of the tsunamis (e.g. [187–189]). Tsunamis are observed not only on the margin of oceans but also in lakes. The majority of tsunamis are generated by earthquakes, but other events that displace water such as landslides and volcanic eruptions can also generate tsunamis. These non-earthquake tsunamis occur less frequently than earthquake tsunamis; it is, therefore, very important to find and study geologic evidence for past eruption and submarine landslide triggered tsunami events, as their rare occurrence may lead to risks being underestimated. Geologic investigations of tsunamis have historically relied on earthquake geology. Geophysicists estimate the parameters of vertical coseismic displacement that tsunami modelers use as a tsunami's initial condition. The modelers then let the simulated tsunami run ashore. This approach suffers from the relationship between the earthquake and seafloor displacement, the pertinent parameter in tsunami generation, being equivocal. In recent years, geologic investigations of tsunamis have added sedimentology and micropaleontology, which focus on identifying and interpreting depositional and erosional features of tsunamis. For example, coastal sediment may contain deposits that provide important information on past tsunami events [190, 191]. In some cases, a tsunami is recorded by a single sand layer. Elsewhere, tsunami deposits can consist of complex layers of mud, sand, and boulders, containing abundant stratigraphic evidence for sediment reworking and redeposition. These onshore sediments are geologic evidence for tsunamis and are called ‘tsunami deposits’ (Figs. 26 and 27). Tsunami deposits can be classified into two groups: modern tsunami deposits and paleotsunami deposits. A modern tsunami deposit is a deposit whose source event is known. A paleotsunami deposit is a deposit whose age is estimated and has a source that is either inferred to be a historical event or is unknown. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Contribution of Palaeoseismology to Seismic Hazard Assessment in Site Evaluation for Nuclear Installations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Atomic Energy Agency","collaboration":"IAEA","usgsCitation":"Nishimura, Y., and Jaffe, B.E., 2015, Tsunami geology in paleoseismology, 16 p.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"81","ipdsId":"IP-057890","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328448,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307971,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/TE-1767_web.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d3dd3ee4b0571647d19ae1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nishimura, Yuichi","contributorId":147449,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nishimura","given":"Yuichi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16855,"text":"Hokkaido University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70191852,"text":"70191852 - 2015 - Estimating bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) abundance using noninvasive sampling at a mineral lick within a National Park Wilderness Area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-18T14:11:06","indexId":"70191852","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Estimating bighorn sheep (<i>Ovis canadensis</i>) abundance using noninvasive sampling at a mineral lick within a National Park Wilderness Area","title":"Estimating bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) abundance using noninvasive sampling at a mineral lick within a National Park Wilderness Area","docAbstract":"<p><span>Conservation of species requires accurate population estimates. We used genetic markers from feces to determine bighorn sheep abundance for a herd that was hypothesized to be declining and in need of population status monitoring. We sampled from a small but accessible portion of the population's range where animals naturally congregate at a natural mineral lick to test whether we could accurately estimate population size by sampling from an area where animals concentrate. We used mark-recapture analysis to derive population estimates, and compared estimates from this smaller spatial sampling to estimates from sampling of the entire bighorn sheep range. We found that estimates were somewhat comparable; in 2009, the mineral lick sample and entire range sample differed by 20 individuals, and in 2010 they differed by only one individual. However, we captured 13 individuals in the entire range sample that were not captured at the mineral lick, and thus violated a model assumption that all individuals had an equal opportunity of being captured. This eliminated the possibility of inferring a total population estimate from just animals visiting the mineral lick, but because estimates were relatively similar, monitoring at the mineral lick can provide a useful index for management and conservation. We compared our results to a radio-collar study conducted in 2003–2004 and confirmed that the population remained stable since 2004. Our population estimates were 78 (CI 62–114) in 2009 and 95 (CI 77–131) in 2010. Between 7 and 11 sampling dates were needed to achieve a CV of 20% for population estimates, assuming a capture probability between 0.09 and 0.13. We relied on citizen science volunteers to maximize data collection and reduce costs; 71% of all fecal samples were collected by volunteers, compared to 29% collected by paid staff. We conclude that our technique provides a useful monitoring tool for managers. The technique could be tested and applied in similar populations where animals congregate with high fidelity at a mineral lick or other area.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University","doi":"10.3398/064.075.0206","usgsCitation":"Schoenecker, K.A., Watry, M.K., Ellison, L.E., Schwarz, M.A., and Luikart, G., 2015, Estimating bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) abundance using noninvasive sampling at a mineral lick within a National Park Wilderness Area: Western North American Naturalist, v. 75, no. 2, p. 181-191, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.075.0206.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"191","ipdsId":"IP-053380","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol75/iss2/5","text":"External Repository"},{"id":346872,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountain National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.71662902832031,\n              40.40774498177989\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.45433044433594,\n              40.40774498177989\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.45433044433594,\n              40.51171103483292\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.71662902832031,\n              40.51171103483292\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.71662902832031,\n              40.40774498177989\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e8683de4b05fe04cd4d245","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoenecker, Kathryn A. 0000-0001-9906-911X schoeneckerk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9906-911X","contributorId":2001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenecker","given":"Kathryn","email":"schoeneckerk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watry, Mary Kay","contributorId":141021,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watry","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Kay","affiliations":[{"id":7237,"text":"NPS, Olympic National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":713399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellison, Laura E. ellisonl@usgs.gov","contributorId":3220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"Laura","email":"ellisonl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schwarz, Michael A.","contributorId":197399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwarz","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Luikart, Gordon","contributorId":124531,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luikart","given":"Gordon","affiliations":[{"id":5091,"text":"Flathead Lake Biological Station, Fish and Wildlife Genomics Group, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Polson, MT 59860, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":713402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70188440,"text":"70188440 - 2015 - Thermokarst lake methanogenesis along a complete talik profile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-09T14:07:53","indexId":"70188440","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1011,"text":"Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermokarst lake methanogenesis along a complete talik profile","docAbstract":"<p><span>Thermokarst (thaw) lakes emit methane (CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>) to the atmosphere formed from thawed permafrost organic matter (OM), but the relative magnitude of CH</span><sub>4</sub><span> production in surface lake sediments vs. deeper thawed permafrost horizons is not well understood. We assessed anaerobic CH</span><sub>4</sub><span> production potentials from various depths along a 590 cm long lake sediment core that captured the entire sediment package of the talik (thaw bulb) beneath the center of an interior Alaska thermokarst lake, Vault Lake, and the top 40 cm of thawing permafrost beneath the talik. We also studied the adjacent Vault Creek permafrost tunnel that extends through ice-rich yedoma permafrost soils surrounding the lake and into underlying gravel. Our results showed CH</span><sub>4</sub><span> production potentials were highest in the organic-rich surface lake sediments, which were 151 cm thick (mean ± SD: 5.95 ± 1.67 μg C–CH</span><sub>4</sub><span> g dw</span><sup>−1</sup><span> d</span><sup>−1</sup><span>; 125.9 ± 36.2 μg C–CH</span><sub>4</sub><span> g C</span><sup>−1</sup><sub>org</sub><span> d</span><sup>−1</sup><span>). High CH</span><sub>4</sub><span> production potentials were also observed in recently thawed permafrost (1.18 ± 0.61 μg C–CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>g dw</span><sup>−1</sup><span> d</span><sup>−1</sup><span>; 59.60± 51.5 μg C–CH</span><sub>4</sub><span> g C</span><sup>−1</sup><sub>org</sub><span> d</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) at the bottom of the talik, but the narrow thicknesses (43 cm) of this horizon limited its overall contribution to total sediment column CH</span><sub>4</sub><span> production in the core. Lower rates of CH</span><sub>4</sub><span> production were observed in sediment horizons representing permafrost that has been thawing in the talik for a longer period of time. No CH</span><sub>4</sub><span> production was observed in samples obtained from the permafrost tunnel, a non-lake environment. Our findings imply that CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>production is highly variable in thermokarst lake systems and that both modern OM supplied to surface sediments and ancient OM supplied to both surface and deep lake sediments by in situ thaw and shore erosion of yedoma permafrost are important to lake CH</span><sub>4</sub><span> production.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/bg-12-4317-2015","usgsCitation":"Heslop, J., Walter Anthony, K., Sepulveda-Jauregui, A., Martinez-Cruz, K., Bondurant, A., Grosse, G., and Jones, M.C., 2015, Thermokarst lake methanogenesis along a complete talik profile: Biogeosciences, v. 12, p. 4317-4331, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4317-2015.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"4317","endPage":"4331","ipdsId":"IP-064594","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4317-2015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342339,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593bb3a9e4b0764e6c60e7eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heslop, J.K.","contributorId":192801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heslop","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walter Anthony, K.M.","contributorId":169384,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walter Anthony","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sepulveda-Jauregui, A.","contributorId":192802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sepulveda-Jauregui","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martinez-Cruz, K.","contributorId":192803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martinez-Cruz","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bondurant, A.","contributorId":192804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bondurant","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Grosse, G.","contributorId":192805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grosse","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jones, Miriam C. 0000-0002-6650-7619 miriamjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6650-7619","contributorId":4056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Miriam","email":"miriamjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70135981,"text":"70135981 - 2015 - Preliminary analysis of suspended sediment rating curves for the Kalamazoo River and its tributaries from Marshall to Kalamazoo, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-13T14:26:31.658809","indexId":"70135981","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Preliminary analysis of suspended sediment rating curves for the Kalamazoo River and its tributaries from Marshall to Kalamazoo, Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) rating curves for the Kalamazoo River and its tributaries from Marshall to Kalamazoo, Michigan, U.S.A., were developed based on measured data. The slopes of the atsite SSC rating curves were of two general types: either increasing or decreasing with increasing discharges. By examining the basin characteristics and flow patterns, streams with negative SSC rating curve slopes were associated with groundwater-dominated streams and those with positive slope terms were associated with surface-water dominated streams. A panel regression with fixed-effects analysis was applied to the pooled atsite data according to various grouping criteria. The results from the subgroups which considered groundwater and surface-water dominance, seasonality, and dam effects showed better fit than the at-site SSC rating curves did. It was assumed that the rating curve slopes for sites in each subgroup were the same but their intercepts varied from site to site. The groundwater and surface-water dominance division was used as the basis for estimating SSC at ungaged sites. The study was conducted as a component of hydrodynamic modeling under the Enbridge Line 6B pipeline oil-spill recovery activities.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2015","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"10th Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference, 5th Federal Interagnecy Hydrologic Modeling Conference","conferenceDate":"April 19-23, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Soong, D.T., Hoard, C.J., Fitzpatrick, F., and Zelt, R.B., 2015, Preliminary analysis of suspended sediment rating curves for the Kalamazoo River and its tributaries from Marshall to Kalamazoo, Michigan, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2015, Reno, NV, April 19-23, 2015, p. 1246-1257.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1246","endPage":"1257","ipdsId":"IP-061462","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296822,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sedhyd.org/past/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":351831,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afeec0de4b0da30c1bfc6bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soong, David T. dsoong@usgs.gov","contributorId":2230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soong","given":"David","email":"dsoong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoard, Christopher J. 0000-0003-2337-506X cjhoard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2337-506X","contributorId":191767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoard","given":"Christopher","email":"cjhoard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Faith A. 0000-0002-9748-7075 fafitzpa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-7075","contributorId":127794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Faith A.","email":"fafitzpa@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zelt, Ronald B. 0000-0001-9024-855X rbzelt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9024-855X","contributorId":300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelt","given":"Ronald","email":"rbzelt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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