Computer simulation experiments were conducted to determine the effects of alternative sources of uncertainty on the willingness to pay for flood insurance. Two alternative insurance protection schemes were investigated: coinsurance and fixed coverage. The question investigated here is to what extent does the insurance scheme influence how purchasers respond to flood risks? Floods were assumed to be log normally distributed and the effects on the purchase of insurance of uncertainties in the parameters of the distribution were explored using response surface analysis. Results indicate that fixed coverage insurance provisions shift most of the uncertainty in the physical parameters governing natural disaster occurrences away from the insuree and onto the insurer. The results also show that the form of the damage function has little effect on the demand for flood insurance.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR016i004p00617","usgsCitation":"Karlinger, M., and Attanasi, E.D., 1980, Flood risks and the willingness to purchase flood insurance: Water Resources Research, v. 16, no. 4, p. 617-622, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR016i004p00617.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"617","endPage":"622","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1151e4b0c8380cd53f65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karlinger, M.R.","contributorId":95039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlinger","given":"M.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Attanasi, E. D. 0000-0001-6845-7160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":107672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"E.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012279,"text":"70012279 - 1980 - Extraction and concentration of phenolic compounds from water and sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-16T09:07:51","indexId":"70012279","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":760,"text":"Analytica Chimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extraction and concentration of phenolic compounds from water and sediment","docAbstract":"Continuous liquid-liquid extractors are used to concentrate phenols at the ??g l-1 level from water into dichloromethane; this is followed by Kuderna-Danish evaporative concentration and gas chromatography. The procedure requires 5 h for 18 l of sample water. Overall concentration factors around 1000 are obtained. Overall concentration efficiencies vary from 23.1 to 87.1%. Concentration efficiencies determined by a batch method suitable for sediments range from 18.9 to 73.8%. ?? 1980.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0003-2670(01)93181-2","issn":"00032670","usgsCitation":"Goldberg, M.C., and Weiner, E.R., 1980, Extraction and concentration of phenolic compounds from water and sediment: Analytica Chimica Acta, v. 115, no. C, p. 373-378, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(01)93181-2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"373","endPage":"378","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222402,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e5ce4b0c8380cd533f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldberg, Marvin C.","contributorId":26066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weiner, Eugene R.","contributorId":23280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiner","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012285,"text":"70012285 - 1980 - Pomona Member of the Columbia River Basalt Group: an intracanyon flow in the Columbia River Gorge, Oregon.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:05","indexId":"70012285","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2956,"text":"Oregon Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pomona Member of the Columbia River Basalt Group: an intracanyon flow in the Columbia River Gorge, Oregon.","docAbstract":"The Pomona Member of the Saddle Mountains Basalt (Columbia River Basalt Group) occurs as an intracanyon flow greater than 75m (250ft) thick along the S side of the Columbia River Gorge between Mitchell Point and Shellrock Mountain, Oregon. Best exposures are at Mitchell Point, where this flow caps more than 70m (230ft) of cobble conglomerate that partially fills a canyon cut into flows of the underlying Frenchman Springs Member. These exposures provide a necessary link between outcrops of the Pomona Member in the Columbia Plateau and western Washington. Post-Frenchman Springs, pre-Pomona canyon cutting implies deformation in the ancestral Cascade Range between about 14.5 and 12Ma ago.-Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oregon Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01643304","usgsCitation":"Anderson, J.L., 1980, Pomona Member of the Columbia River Basalt Group: an intracanyon flow in the Columbia River Gorge, Oregon.: Oregon Geology, v. 42, no. 12, p. 195-199.","startPage":"195","endPage":"199","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222408,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7d0fe4b0c8380cd79d1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, J. L.","contributorId":103240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000262,"text":"1000262 - 1980 - Role of physical barriers in the control of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T09:05:57","indexId":"1000262","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of physical barriers in the control of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)","docAbstract":"Mechanical and electromechanical barriers played a significant role in the initial attempts to control sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) populations in the upper Great Lakes. More recently electromechanical weirs have been used to assess the relative abundance of spawning-run sea lampreys in Lake Superior. Development of an integrated control approach to sea lamprey control has stimulated an ongoing research program to define structural and/or velocity criteria that can be used to design barrier dams that block spawning runs of sea lamprey
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f80-253","usgsCitation":"Hunn, J.B., and Youngs, W., 1980, Role of physical barriers in the control of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus): Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 37, no. 11, p. 2118-2122, https://doi.org/10.1139/f80-253.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"2118","endPage":"2122","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66ccd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunn, J. B.","contributorId":15133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunn","given":"J.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Youngs, W.D.","contributorId":97041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Youngs","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012335,"text":"70012335 - 1980 - Fission-track age of the Mangaroa ash and tectonic implications at Wellington, New Zealand.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-23T21:43:46","indexId":"70012335","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2869,"text":"New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fission-track age of the Mangaroa ash and tectonic implications at Wellington, New Zealand.","docAbstract":"Three samples of zircon from the Mangaroa Ash, an important marker bed in the late Pleistocene deposits of the Wellington area, have been dated by fission-track analysis. The average age of the 3 zircon samples is 380 000 years. Since this tephra fell, vertical uplift at Tinakori Hill on the northwest side of the Wellington Fault has been about 266 m, at a rate of about 69 cm per 1000 years; at the Whakatiki Terraces the minimum rate of uplift on the northwest side of this fault has been about 21 cm per 1000 years. -Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/00288306.1980.10424133","issn":"00288306","usgsCitation":"Naeser, C.W., Nishimura, S., and Punga, T., 1980, Fission-track age of the Mangaroa ash and tectonic implications at Wellington, New Zealand.: New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, v. 23, no. 5-6, p. 615-621, https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.1980.10424133.","startPage":"615","endPage":"621","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":268060,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288306.1980.10424133"},{"id":222194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a10bee4b0c8380cd53db9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naeser, C. W.","contributorId":17582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"C.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nishimura, S.","contributorId":78089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishimura","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Punga, Te","contributorId":29131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Punga","given":"Te","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012216,"text":"70012216 - 1980 - Upper Wisconsinan till recovered on the continental shelf southeast of New England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-05T09:55:50","indexId":"70012216","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper Wisconsinan till recovered on the continental shelf southeast of New England","docAbstract":"Basal till was identified in two sediment cores collected about 69 kilometers southeast of Nantucket Island on the east and west sides of Great South Channel. These are the first samples of till collected on the outer continental shelf off the northeastern United States. The carbon-14 age of the total organic carbon in the tills provides a \"no older than\" age of about 20,000 years before present and suggests that the tills were deposited during the late Wisconsinan glaciation. This conclusion is in support of the hypothesis of an extensive Laurentide ice sheet that extended to the northern side of Georges Bank.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.210.4468.423","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Bothner, M., and Spiker, E.C., 1980, Upper Wisconsinan till recovered on the continental shelf southeast of New England: Science, v. 210, no. 4468, p. 423-425, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.210.4468.423.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"423","endPage":"425","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"210","issue":"4468","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd4fe4b08c986b328f5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":363007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spiker, Elliott C.","contributorId":50174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spiker","given":"Elliott","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012305,"text":"70012305 - 1980 - Some constraints on levels of shear stress in the crust from observations and theory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-16T16:51:07.849569","indexId":"70012305","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some constraints on levels of shear stress in the crust from observations and theory","docAbstract":"In situ stress determinations in North America, southern Africa, and Australia indicate that on the average the maximum shear stress increases linearly with depth to at least 5.1 km measured in soft rock, such as shale and sandstone, and to 3.7 km in hard rock, including granite and quartzite. Regression lines fitted to the data yield gradients of 3.8 MPa/km and 6.6 MPa/km for soft and hard rock, respectively. Generally, the maximum shear stress in compressional states of stress for which the least principal stress is oriented near vertically is substantially greater than in extensional stress regimes, with the greatest principal stress in a vertical direction. The equations of equilibrium and compatibility can be used to provide functional constraints on the state of stress. If the stress is assumed to vary only with depth z in a given region, then all nonzero components must have the form A+Bz, where A and B are constants which generally differ for the various components. This implies that the deviatoric stress changes linearly with depth, and the general solution also allows the directions of the horizontal principal stresses to change monotonically with depth. Solutions to the equations, a churning stress to vary with both z and x, were fit to the observations of Zoback and Roller, who measured stress along a horizontal profile near Palmdale, California. The results indicate that the average shear stress in the upper 8 km of the fault zone is about 3.5 MPa less than the shear stress in the far field, but this far field term, which is part of the solution and has the form A+Bz, cannot be evaluated using the existing constant depth data.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB085iB11p06231","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"McGarr, A., 1980, Some constraints on levels of shear stress in the crust from observations and theory: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 85, no. B11, p. 6231-6238, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB085iB11p06231.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"6231","endPage":"6238","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221816,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b928ce4b08c986b319f9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGarr, Art 0000-0001-9769-4093","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":43491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Art","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012233,"text":"70012233 - 1980 - Geophysical observations of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, 1. temporal gravity variations related to the 29 November, 1975, M = 7.2 earthquake and associated summit collapse","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:45","indexId":"70012233","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical observations of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, 1. temporal gravity variations related to the 29 November, 1975, M = 7.2 earthquake and associated summit collapse","docAbstract":"Repeated high-precision gravity measurements made near the summit of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, have revealed systematic temporal variations in the gravity field associated with a major deflation of the volcano that followed the 29 November, 1975, earthquake and eruption. Changes in the gravity field with respect to a stable reference station on the south flank of neighboring Mauna Loa volcano were measured at 18 sites in the summit region of Kilauea and at 4 sites far removed from its summit. The original survey, conducted 10-23 November, 1975, was repeated during a two-week period after the earthquake. The results indicate that sometime between the first survey and the latter part of the second survey the gravity field at sites near the summit increased with respect to that at sites far removed from the summit. The pattern of gravity increase is essentially radially symmetrical, with a half-width slightly less than 3 km, about the point of maximum change 1.5 km southeast of Halemaumau pit crater. Gravity changes at sites near the summit correlate closely with elevation decreases that occurred sometime between leveling surveys conducted in late September 1975 and early January 1976. The systematic relation between gravity and elevation change (-1.71 ?? 0.05 (s.e.) ??gal/cm) shows that deflation was accompanied by a loss of mass from beneath the summit region. Mass balance calculations indicate that for all reasonable magma densities, the volume of magma withdrawn from beneath the summit region exceeded the volume of summit collapse. Analysis suggests that magma drained from at least two distinct areas south of Kilauea caldera that coincide roughly with two reservoir areas active during inflation before the 1967-1968 Kilauea eruption. ?? 1980.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Jachens, R., and Eaton, G.P., 1980, Geophysical observations of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, 1. temporal gravity variations related to the 29 November, 1975, M = 7.2 earthquake and associated summit collapse: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 7, no. 3-4, p. 225-240.","startPage":"225","endPage":"240","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222706,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2865e4b0c8380cd5a0b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jachens, R.C.","contributorId":55433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eaton, G. P.","contributorId":86334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003346,"text":"1003346 - 1980 - Effects of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control in the Great Lakes on aquatic plants, invertebrates and amphibians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:11","indexId":"1003346","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control in the Great Lakes on aquatic plants, invertebrates and amphibians","docAbstract":"The chemicals 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) or a combination of TFM and 2a??,5-dichloro-4a??-nitrosalicylanilide (Bayer 73) have been used to control the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Great Lakes for about 20 yr. These chemicals cause some mortalities of Oligochaeta and Hirudinea, immature forms of Ephemeroptera (Hexagenia sp.), and certain Trichoptera, Simuliidae, and Amphibia (Necturus sp.). The combination of TFM and Bayer 73 may affect some Pelecypoda and Gastropoda, but its overall effects on invertebrates are probably less than those of TFM alone. Granular Bayer 73 is likely to induce mortalities among oligochaetes, microcrustaceans, chironomids, and pelecypods. No evidence exists that the lampricides have caused the catastrophic decline or disappearance of any species. The overall impact of chemical control of sea lampreys on aquatic communities has been minor compared with the benefits derived.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Gilderhus, P., and Johnson, B.G., 1980, Effects of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control in the Great Lakes on aquatic plants, invertebrates and amphibians: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 37, no. 11, p. 1895-1905.","productDescription":"pp. 1895-1905","startPage":"1895","endPage":"1905","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15406,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://rparticle.web-p.cisti.nrc.ca/rparticle/AbstractTemplateServlet?calyLang=eng&journal=cjfas&volume=37&year=0&issue=11&msno=f80-231","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"6862.000000000000000"}],"volume":"37","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db610fb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilderhus, P.A.","contributorId":60156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilderhus","given":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, B. G. H.","contributorId":48511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"G. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012323,"text":"70012323 - 1980 - Quantile estimation with more or less floodlike distributions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T12:29:45","indexId":"70012323","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantile estimation with more or less floodlike distributions","docAbstract":"The desirable properties of an estimator relative to a hypothetical population may be irrelevant in practice unless the population at issue more or less resembles the hypothetical population. Evidence that floods are distributed with long, stretched upper tails suggests that use of the more common distributions results in a rather precise underestimation of the extreme quantiles and thereby in the underdesign of flood protection measures.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR016i003p00547","usgsCitation":"Landwehr, J.M., Matalas, N., and Wallis, J., 1980, Quantile estimation with more or less floodlike distributions: Water Resources Research, v. 16, no. 3, p. 547-555, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR016i003p00547.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"547","endPage":"555","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91f4e4b0c8380cd8057c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landwehr, J. Maciunas","contributorId":13962,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Landwehr","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Maciunas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matalas, N.C.","contributorId":25173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matalas","given":"N.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wallis, J.R.","contributorId":79236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallis","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1003347,"text":"1003347 - 1980 - Development of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) larvicides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T09:11:15","indexId":"1003347","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) larvicides","docAbstract":"Larvicides are used to control sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Great Lakes. These larvicides are useful because they are more toxic to sea lamprey than fish species found in the same habitat. The lampricides come from two classes of chemical compounds: (1) halonitrophenols, and (2) halonitrosalicylanilides. Selectivity of the larvicides appears to be based on the differences in the ability of sea lamprey larvae and fishes to detoxify and/or excrete the chemicals. Glucuronide conjugation is an important mechanism for detoxification of these larvicides by fish, and selectivity of larvicides may be due to differences in glucuronyl transferase activity between lamprey and fishes. If more detailed information were available on uptake, metabolism, excretion, and the biochemistry and physiology of lamprey as compared to fishes, it might be possible to design chemicals that would be more selective than those now in use.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f80-251","usgsCitation":"Howell, J.H., Lech, J.J., and Allen, J.L., 1980, Development of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) larvicides: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 37, no. 11, p. 2103-2107, https://doi.org/10.1139/f80-251.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"2103","endPage":"2107","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269515,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f80-251"}],"volume":"37","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65de50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howell, John H.","contributorId":39720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lech, John J.","contributorId":22295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lech","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, John L.","contributorId":86293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012349,"text":"70012349 - 1980 - Hydraulic fracturing in granite under geothermal conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-18T13:27:42","indexId":"70012349","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2071,"text":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydraulic fracturing in granite under geothermal conditions","docAbstract":"The experimental hydraulic fracturing of granite under geothermal conditions produces tensile fracture at rapid fluid injection rates and shear fracture at slow injection rates and elevated differential stress levels. A sudden burst of acoustic emission activity accompanies tensile fracture formation whereas the acoustic emission rate increases exponentially prior to shear fracture. Temperature does not significantly affect the failure mechanism, and the experimental results have not demonstrated the occurrence of thermal fracturing. A critical result of these experiments is that fluid injection at intermediate rates and elevated differential stress levels increases permeability by more than an order of magnitude without producing macroscopic fractures, and low-level acoustic emission activity occurs simultaneously near the borehole and propagates outward into the specimen with time. Permeability measurements conducted at atmospheric pressure both before and after these experiments show that increased permeability is produced by permanent structural changes in the rock. Although results of this study have not demonstrated the occurrence of thermal fracturing, they suggest that fluid injection at certain rates in situ may markedly increase local permeability. This could prove critical to increasing the efficiency of heat exchange for geothermal energy extraction from hot dry rock. ?? 1980.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0148-9062(80)90003-0","issn":"01489062","usgsCitation":"Solberg, P., Lockner, D., and Byerlee, J., 1980, Hydraulic fracturing in granite under geothermal conditions: International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, v. 17, no. 1, p. 25-33, https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(80)90003-0.","productDescription":"p.25-33","startPage":"25","endPage":"33","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":265949,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(80)90003-0"},{"id":221888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a32ebe4b0c8380cd5eb8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Solberg, P.","contributorId":37874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solberg","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockner, D.","contributorId":102190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Byerlee, J.D.","contributorId":69982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byerlee","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012272,"text":"70012272 - 1980 - Sedimentary masses and concepts about tectonic processes at underthrust ocean margins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-01T23:00:56.874881","indexId":"70012272","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary masses and concepts about tectonic processes at underthrust ocean margins","docAbstract":"Tectonic processes associated with subduction of oceanic crust, but unrelated to the collision of thick crustal masses or microplates, are presumed by many geologists to significantly affect the formation and deformation of large sedimentary bodies at underthrust ocean margins. More geologists are familiar with the concept of subduction accretion, which describes the tectonic attachment of rock and sediment masses to the margin's bedrock framework, than with other noncollision processes—for example, sediment subduction, subduction erosion, and subduction kneading. These are equally important processes controlling the geologic evolution of underthrust margins, and any one of them may predominate at a given place.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1980)8<564:SMACAT>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Scholl, D., von Huene, R.E., Vallier, T., and Howell, D.G., 1980, Sedimentary masses and concepts about tectonic processes at underthrust ocean margins: Geology, v. 8, no. 12, p. 564-568, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1980)8<564:SMACAT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"564","endPage":"568","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222299,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a28e4b08c986b317078","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, D.W.","contributorId":106461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"von Huene, Roland E. 0000-0003-1301-3866 rvonhuene@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-3866","contributorId":191070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Huene","given":"Roland","email":"rvonhuene@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":7065,"text":"USGS emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":363149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vallier, T.L.","contributorId":69526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallier","given":"T.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Howell, D. G.","contributorId":52546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70012356,"text":"70012356 - 1980 - Geochemical exploration for uranium in playas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T14:08:10.947951","indexId":"70012356","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical exploration for uranium in playas","docAbstract":"Time series analysis of streambed elevation in a meander bend along the Congaree River was used to determine the changes in bed form population succeeding a 16-year flood event. Bed forms observed during the flood event had a significantly greater total height variance than bed forms observed at the same location one week later. Variance spectra were computed for a 595 m longitudinal profile. The data indicate that: a) the bed form variance for the flood record is significantly greater for all wavelengths from 5 to 30 m; b) no well-demarcated bed form classes were present during the survey times, pointing to the possible existence of a continuum of bed form sizes rather than well-defined classes; and c) bed forms produced by the flood discharge were rapidly altered as the stage returned toward average level.
No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Tokyo","usgsCitation":"Yasutake, W.T., 1980, Histopathology of selected diseases of salmonids.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336101,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publicComments":"Ph.D. Dissertation","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b002dee4b01ccd54fb2831","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yasutake, W. T.","contributorId":103222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yasutake","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":40804,"text":"ofr791421 - 1980 - Coal resource occurrence and coal development potential maps of the Rangely quadrangle, Rio Blanco County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-10T19:46:16.447034","indexId":"ofr791421","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1421","title":"Coal resource occurrence and coal development potential maps of the Rangely quadrangle, Rio Blanco County, Colorado","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr791421","usgsCitation":"Inc., A.E., 1980, Coal resource occurrence and coal development potential maps of the Rangely quadrangle, Rio Blanco County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1421, Report: ii, 20 p.; 9 Plates: 29.13 x 22.32 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791421.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 20 p.; 9 Plates: 29.13 x 22.32 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416918,"rank":12,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75430.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":78665,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1421/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":78664,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1421/plate-9.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":78663,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1421/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":78662,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1421/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":78661,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1421/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":78660,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1421/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":78659,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1421/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":78658,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1421/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":78657,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1421/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":78656,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1421/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":176600,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1421/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Rio Blanco County","otherGeospatial":"Rangely quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.875,\n 40.125\n ],\n [\n -108.875,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -108.75,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -108.75,\n 40.125\n ],\n [\n -108.875,\n 40.125\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b26e4b07f02db6b038a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Inc., AAA Engineering and Drafting","contributorId":107253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Inc.","given":"AAA","email":"","middleInitial":"Engineering and Drafting","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70182488,"text":"70182488 - 1980 - Pathologic manifestations of viral erythrocytic necrosis in fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-23T12:33:38","indexId":"70182488","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Pathologic manifestations of viral erythrocytic necrosis in fish","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Washington","publisherLocation":"Seattle, WA","usgsCitation":"MacMillan, J., 1980, Pathologic manifestations of viral erythrocytic necrosis in fish.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336099,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publicComments":"Ph.D. Dissertation","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b002dee4b01ccd54fb2833","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacMillan, J.R.","contributorId":181511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacMillan","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012396,"text":"70012396 - 1980 - U-Pb ages of uraniferous opals and implications for the history of beryllium, fluorine, and uranium mineralization at Spor Mountain, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T23:45:01.045105","indexId":"70012396","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U-Pb ages of uraniferous opals and implications for the history of beryllium, fluorine, and uranium mineralization at Spor Mountain, Utah","docAbstract":"The U-Pb isotope systematics of uraniferous opals from Spor Mountain, Utah, were investigated to determine the suitability of such material for geochronologic purposes, and to estimate the timing of uranium and associated beryllium and fluorine mineralization. The results indicate that uraniferous opals can approximate a closed system for uranium and uranium daughters, so that dating samples as young as ∼1 m.y. should be possible. In addition, the expected lack of initial230Th and231Pa in opals permits valuable information on the initial234U/238U to be obtained on suitable samples of ≲10 m.y. age. The oldest207Pb/235U apparent age observed, 20.8 ± 1m.y., was that of the opal-fluorite core of a nodule from a beryllium deposit in the Spor Mountain Formation. This age is indistinguishable from that of fission-track and K-Ar ages from the host rhyolite, and links the mineralization to the first episode of alkali rhyolite magmatism and related hydrothermal activity at Spor Mountain. Successively younger ages of 13 m.y. and 8–9 m.y. on concentric outer zones of the same nodule indicate that opal formed either episodically or continuously for over 10 m.y. Several samples of both fracture-filling and massive-nodule opal associated with beryllium deposits gave207Pb/235U apparent ages of 13–16 m.y., which may reflect a restricted period of mineralization or perhaps an averaging of 21−and<13−m.y. periods of opal growth. Several samples of fracture-filling opal in volcanic rocks as young as 6 m.y. gave207Pb/235U ages of 3.4–4.8 m.y. These ages may reflect hot-spring activity after the last major eruption of alkali rhyolite.
Approximately 100 heat flow measurements in the San Andreas fault zone indicate (1) there is no evidence for local factional heating of the main fault trace at any latitude over a 1000-km length from Cape Mendocino to San Bernardino, (2) average heat flow is high (∼2 HFU, ∼80 mW m−2) throughout the 550-km segment of the Coast Ranges that encloses the San Andreas fault zone in central California; this broad anomaly falls off rapidly toward the Great Valley to the east, and over a 200-km distance toward the Mendocino Triple Junction to the northwest. As others have pointed out, a local conductive heat flow anomaly would be detectable unless the frictional resistance allocated to heat production on the main trace were ≲100 bars. Frictional work allocated to surface energy of new fractures is probably unimportant, and hydrologic convection is not likely to invalidate the conduction assumption, since the heat discharge by thermal springs near the fault is negligible. Explanations for the low dynamic friction fall into two intergradational classes: those in which the fault is weak all of the time and those in which it is weak only during earthquakes (possibly just large ones). The first class includes faults containing anomalously weak gouge materials and faults containing materials with normal frictional properties under near-lithostatic steady state fluid pressures. In the second class, weakening is caused by the event (for example, a thermally induced increase in fluid pressure, dehydration of clay minerals, or acoustic fluidization). In this class, unlike the first, the average strength and ambient tectonic shear stress may be large, ∼1 kbar, but the stress allocated to elastic radiation (the apparent stress) must be of similar magnitude, an apparent contradiction with seismic estimates. Unless seismic radiation is underestimated for large earthquakes, it is difficult to justify average tectonic stresses on the main trace of the San Andreas fault in excess of ∼200 bars. The development of the broad Coast Range heat flow anomaly southward from Cape Mendocino suggests that heat flow increases by a factor of 2 within 4 m.y. after the passage of the Mendocino Triple Junction. This passage leaves the San Andreas transform fault zone in its wake; the depth of the anomalous sources cannot be much greater than the depth of the seismogenic layer. Some of the anomalous heat may be supplied by conduction from the warmer mantle that must occur south of the Mendocino transform (where there is no subducting slab), and some might be supplied by shear heating in the fault zone. With no contribution from shear heating, extreme mantle upwelling would be required, and asthenosphere conditions should exist today at depths of only ∼20 km in the northernmost Coast Ranges. If there is an appreciable contribution from shear heating, the heat flow constraint implies that the seismogenic layer is partially decoupled at its base and that the basal traction is in the sense that resists right lateral motion on the fault(s). As a result of these basal tractions, the average shearing stress in the seismogenic layer would increase with distance from the main fault, and the seismogenic layer would offer substantial resistance to plate motion even though resistance on the main fault might be negligible. These speculative models have testable consequences.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB085iB11p06185","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Lachenbruch, A., and Sass, J., 1980, Heat flow and energetics of the San Andreas fault zone: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 85, no. B11, p. 6185-6223, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB085iB11p06185.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"6185","endPage":"6223","numberOfPages":"39","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222413,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2ff7e4b0c8380cd5d26e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lachenbruch, A.H.","contributorId":76737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lachenbruch","given":"A.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sass, J.H.","contributorId":70749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sass","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":363426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012386,"text":"70012386 - 1980 - Driving- stress waveform and the determination of rock internal friction by the stress-strain curve method.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-12T11:31:07","indexId":"70012386","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1804,"text":"Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Driving- stress waveform and the determination of rock internal friction by the stress-strain curve method.","docAbstract":"Harmonic distortion in the stress-time function applied to rock specimens affects the measurement of rock internal friction in the seismic wave periods by the stress-strain hysteresis loop method. If neglected, the harmonic distortion can cause measurements of rock internal friction to be in error by 3O% in the linear range. The stress-time function therefore must be recorded and Fourier analysed for correct interpretation of the experimental data. Such a procedure would also yield a value for internal friction at the higher harmonic frequencies.-Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.1980.tb02638.x","usgsCitation":"Liu, H., 1980, Driving- stress waveform and the determination of rock internal friction by the stress-strain curve method.: Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, v. 63, no. 2, p. 567-572, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1980.tb02638.x.","startPage":"567","endPage":"572","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480592,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1980.tb02638.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":222412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269146,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1980.tb02638.x"}],"volume":"63","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03f2e4b0c8380cd506f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Hsi-Ping","contributorId":59944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Hsi-Ping","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}