{"pageNumber":"562","pageRowStart":"14025","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184644,"records":[{"id":70219429,"text":"70219429 - 2020 - Forest management under megadrought: Urgent actions needed at finer-scale and higher intensity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-05T13:05:06.636393","indexId":"70219429","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-23T08:03:04","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5860,"text":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forest management under megadrought: Urgent actions needed at finer-scale and higher intensity","docAbstract":"

Drought and warming increasingly are causing widespread tree die-offs and extreme wildfires. Forest managers are struggling to improve anticipatory forest management practices given more frequent, extensive, and severe wildfire and tree die-off events triggered by “hotter drought”—drought under warmer than historical conditions. Of even greater concern is the increasing probability of multi-year droughts, or “megadroughts”—persistent droughts that span years to decades, and that under a still-warming climate, will also be hotter than historical norms. Megadroughts under warmer temperatures are disconcerting because of their potential to trigger more severe forest die-off, fire cycles, pathogens, and insect outbreaks. In this Perspective, we identify potential anticipatory and/or concurrent options for non-timber forest management actions under megadrought, which by necessity are focused more at finer spatial scales such as the stand level using higher-intensity management. These management actions build on silvicultural practices focused on growth and yield (but not harvest). Current management options that can be focused at finer scales include key silvicultural practices: selective thinning; use of carefully selected forward-thinking seed mixes; site contouring; vegetation and pest management; soil erosion control; and fire management. For the extreme challenges posed by megadroughts, management will necessarily focus even more on finer-scale, higher-intensity actions for priority locations such as fostering stand refugia; assisted stand recovery via soil amendments; enhanced root development; deep soil water retention; and shallow water impoundments. Drought-induced forest die-off from megadrought likely will lead to fundamental changes in the structure, function, and composition of forest stands and the ecosystem services they provide.

","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2020.502669","usgsCitation":"Field, J.P., Breshears, D.D., Bradford, J., Law, D.J., Feng, X., and Allen, C.D., 2020, Forest management under megadrought: Urgent actions needed at finer-scale and higher intensity: Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, v. 3, 502669, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2020.502669.","productDescription":"502669, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-124850","costCenters":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2020.502669","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":384864,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, Jason P.","contributorId":216389,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Field","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":39400,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breshears, David D.","contributorId":51620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breshears","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":219257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Law, Darin J.","contributorId":216390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Law","given":"Darin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":39400,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Feng, Xiaohui","contributorId":196416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Feng","given":"Xiaohui","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":813530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70228518,"text":"70228518 - 2020 - Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) home range, movement and forays revealed by GPS-tracking","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-11T13:09:37.403075","indexId":"70228518","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-23T07:04:51","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) home range, movement and forays revealed by GPS-tracking","docAbstract":"

The Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) is an apex predator occurring across North America and Eurasia. The species has received considerable conservation focus in late-seral conifer forests of western North America, where its habitat has been substantially reduced and altered by timber harvest and is increasingly at risk from high severity fire, drought, and forest pathogens. In the Sierra Nevada range of California, management and conservation of goshawks are hampered by a lack of knowledge of their basic space use and movement ecology. We used global positioning system (GPS) loggers to investigate space use of 20 resident, adult Northern Goshawks over 3 yr (2015–2018) in the Plumas National Forest, California. Median home range sizes of male goshawks were more than twice as large as those of females, and nonbreeding-season home ranges were three times larger than breeding-season home ranges. High resolution GPS data (location interval 1–6 min) allowed quantification of daily transit distances up to 60 km for individual goshawks and revealed long-distance forays into adjacent territories and surrounding areas. Four goshawks (three males, one female) undertook forays >8 km from their nest locations, with forays lasting up to 6 d; these forays occurred during both breeding and nonbreeding seasons for both sexes. Comparing our results to current conservation approaches, we determined that USDA Forest Service goshawk Protected Activity Centers protected <25% of both the roost locations and the area used during the daytime. Conservation efforts for Northern Goshawks in the Sierra Nevada would benefit from consideration of year-round habitat needs at larger scales than previously thought.

","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.3356/0892-1016-54.4.388","usgsCitation":"Blakley, R., Siegel, R., Webb, E.B., Dillingham, C., Johnson, M.T., and Kesler, D., 2020, Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) home range, movement and forays revealed by GPS-tracking: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 54, no. 4, p. 388-401, https://doi.org/10.3356/0892-1016-54.4.388.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"388","endPage":"401","ipdsId":"IP-111630","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395840,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.83837890625,\n 38.976492485539396\n ],\n [\n -120.08056640625,\n 38.976492485539396\n ],\n [\n -120.08056640625,\n 40.896905775860006\n ],\n [\n -121.83837890625,\n 40.896905775860006\n ],\n [\n -121.83837890625,\n 38.976492485539396\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blakley, R.V.","contributorId":276026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blakley","given":"R.V.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37290,"text":"The Institute for Bird Populations","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Siegel, R.B.","contributorId":276027,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Siegel","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37290,"text":"The Institute for Bird Populations","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Webb, Elisabeth B. 0000-0003-3851-6056 ewebb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3851-6056","contributorId":3981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Elisabeth","email":"ewebb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dillingham, C.P.","contributorId":276028,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dillingham","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39530,"text":"U.S.D.A. Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, M. Tracy","contributorId":225496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Tracy","affiliations":[{"id":36493,"text":"USDA Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kesler, D.C.","contributorId":276029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kesler","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37290,"text":"The Institute for Bird Populations","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70216970,"text":"sir20205114 - 2020 - Breeding birds of the upper Mississippi River floodplain forest: One community in a changing forest, 1994 to 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-19T12:53:04.915572","indexId":"sir20205114","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-22T19:01:50","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-5114","displayTitle":"Breeding Birds of the Upper Mississippi River Floodplain Forest: One Community in a Changing Forest, 1994 to 1997","title":"Breeding birds of the upper Mississippi River floodplain forest: One community in a changing forest, 1994 to 1997","docAbstract":"

Floodplain forest on the upper Mississippi River (UMR), a unique habitat in the Midwest that is important for many bird species, has been reduced and is undergoing continued reduction and changes in structure and species diversity because of river engineering and invasive species. Hydrological changes are causing tree diversity to decline favoring Acer saccharinum (silver maple) and Fraxinus pennsylvanica (green ash). Invasive Phalaris arundinacea (reed canary grass, Phalaris) threatens tree regeneration, and recent Agrilus planipennis (emerald ash borer) arrival threatens to decimate the important ash component of the forest canopy. During the 1990s, virtually no information was available about breeding songbird species and abundances on the UMR floodplain forest from along many river miles and a broad range of forest situations (for example, mainland, island, edge, interior). From 1994 to 1997, we surveyed breeding birds and sampled vegetation at 391 random points on UMR floodplain forest along a latitudinal gradient from Red Wing, Minnesota, to Clinton, Iowa, to characterize bird assemblages and associations with gradients in forest structure at survey points (local scale) and land cover composition within a 200-meter radius of survey points (landscape scale).

Eighty-six bird species were detected during the study, but 28 species comprised 90 percent of all detections. Species that are typically associated with woodland edge or are tolerant of fragmentation were the most common: Setophaga ruticilla (American Redstart), Troglodytes aedon (House Wren), Turdus migratorius (American Robin), Quiscalus quiscula (Common Grackle), and Vireo gilvus (Warbling Vireo). Species typically associated with large forest patches—Setophaga cerulea (Cerulean Warbler), Hylocichla mustelina (Wood Thrush), and Dryocopus pileatus (Pileated Woodpecker)—were rare. Principal components analyses consistently described local habitat gradients related to canopy cover and Phalaris presence and described landscape gradients related to forest area and areas of open land cover types. However, nonmetric multidimensional scaling revealed no pattern in bird assemblages. Canonical correspondence analyses with local habitat variables for each year revealed that bird assemblages were affected by canopy cover, the presence of Phalaris, and the number of tree species. Four bird species were consistently associated with Phalaris presence or negatively with canopy cover, and no species were associated with the number of tree species variable. Although landscape variables were significantly related to the bird assemblage in canonical correspondence analyses, no bird species were consistently related to any landscape variable. These results indicate that there is one assemblage of forest birds on the UMR composed mainly of edge-tolerant species. Species associated with lower canopy cover and Phalaris presence may be favored to increase in abundance as canopy cover opens as trees die and Phalaris becomes more prevalent.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205114","usgsCitation":"Kirsch, E.M., 2020, Breeding birds of the upper Mississippi River floodplain forest: One community in a changing forest, 1994 to 1997 (ver. 1.1, February 2021): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5114, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205114.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 22 p.; Data Release; Version History","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-096746","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381528,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5114/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":381529,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5114/sir20205114.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.49 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020–5114"},{"id":383313,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5114/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"667 B","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIR 2020–5114 Version History"},{"id":381530,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Z5M7NT","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"1990s bird and vegetation data from upper Mississippi River floodplain forest"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.39501953125,\n 44.653024159812\n ],\n [\n -92.548828125,\n 44.59046718130883\n ],\n [\n -92.43896484375,\n 44.32384807250689\n ],\n [\n -92.021484375,\n 44.10336537791152\n ],\n [\n -91.58203125,\n 43.91372326852401\n ],\n [\n -91.40625,\n 43.50075243569041\n ],\n [\n -91.38427734374999,\n 43.02071359427862\n ],\n [\n -91.1865234375,\n 42.633958722673135\n ],\n [\n -90.94482421875,\n 42.32606244456202\n ],\n [\n -90.32958984375,\n 41.918628865183045\n ],\n [\n -90.10986328125,\n 41.918628865183045\n ],\n [\n -89.89013671875,\n 41.95131994679697\n ],\n [\n -89.97802734375,\n 42.261049162113856\n ],\n [\n -90.3955078125,\n 42.601619944327965\n ],\n [\n -90.76904296874999,\n 42.827638636242284\n ],\n [\n -91.03271484375,\n 43.08493742707592\n ],\n [\n -91.16455078125,\n 43.99281450048989\n ],\n [\n -91.7578125,\n 44.35527821160296\n ],\n [\n -92.39501953125,\n 44.653024159812\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: December 22, 2020; Version 1.1: February 18, 2021","contact":"

Director, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2630 Fanta Reed Road
La Crosse, WI 54602

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"publishedDate":"2020-12-22","revisedDate":"2021-02-18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirsch, Eileen M. 0000-0002-2818-5022 ekirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2818-5022","contributorId":3477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirsch","given":"Eileen","email":"ekirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70216812,"text":"sim3462 - 2020 - Bedrock geologic map of the Springfield 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windsor County, Vermont, and Sullivan County, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-29T21:06:21.492105","indexId":"sim3462","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-22T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3462","displayTitle":"Bedrock Geologic Map of the Springfield 7.5- x 15-Minute Quadrangle, Windsor County, Vermont, and Sullivan County, New Hampshire","title":"Bedrock geologic map of the Springfield 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windsor County, Vermont, and Sullivan County, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"

The bedrock geology of the 7.5- by 15-minute Springfield quadrangle consists of highly deformed and metamorphosed Mesoproterozoic through Devonian metasedimentary and meta-igneous rocks. In the west, Mesoproterozoic gneisses of the Mount Holly Complex are the oldest rocks and form the eastern side of the Chester dome. The Moretown slice structurally overlies the Chester dome along the Keyes Mountain thrust fault which represents the Ordovician Taconic suture (Red Indian Line) between Laurentian and Ganderian crust. The allochthonous Cambrian through Ordovician Moretown slice includes the Moretown and Cram Hill Formations and the North River Igneous Suite. Silurian and Devonian metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks of the Connecticut Valley trough (CVT) unconformably overlie the Moretown slice. Ordovician to Silurian and Devonian metasedimentary and meta-igneous rocks of the New Hampshire sequence structurally overlie the CVT along the Devonian, Acadian Monroe thrust fault. The oldest part of the New Hampshire sequence consists of Ordovician metamorphosed volcanic, plutonic, and sedimentary rocks of the Bronson Hill arc including the Ammonoosuc Volcanics, the Partridge Formation, and the Oliverian Plutonic Suite. The Ammonoosuc Volcanics are the base of the exposed arc section in the map area. The Bronson Hill arc rocks are exposed in fault-bounded structural belts, including the Monroe thrust sheet, the Claremont belt, the Sugar River and Unity domes, and the footwall of the Brennan Hill thrust fault. Silurian to Devonian metasedimentary rocks of the Clough Quartzite, and Fitch and Littleton Formations unconformably overlie the Bronson Hill arc rocks. Devonian granitic and pegmatitic dikes and sills of the New Hampshire Plutonic Suite intruded previously deformed rocks.

Devonian, Acadian F1 fold nappes have a sheath fold geometry and are truncated by multiple generations of faults. The Bronson Hill arc structurally overlies the CVT along the Acadian Monroe fault with preserved tectonic mélange in the footwall. Upright dome-stage F2 folds post-date amphibolite facies metamorphism and locally developed into sheath folds in high-strain zones. F3 folds exhibit sinistral rotation associated with Alleghanian lower-greenschist facies faults. Late Paleozoic Alleghanian to Mesozoic shear zones transpose stratigraphy, early structures, and peak metamorphic isograds. 40Ar/39Ar white-mica growth ages (300–250 million years before present [Ma]) indicate that retrograde deformation continued into the latest Paleozoic and earliest Mesozoic. Apatite fission track data show that brittle faults were active prior to about 100 Ma and experienced Late Cretaceous and even Paleocene re-activation.

The bedrock geology was mapped to study the tectonic history of the area and to provide a framework for ongoing characterization of the bedrock of Vermont and New Hampshire. This Scientific Investigations Map of the Springfield 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle consists of sheets 1 and 2 as well as a geographic information system (GIS) database that includes bedrock geologic units, faults, outcrops, and structural geologic information. Sheet 1 of the report includes a bedrock geologic map, a correlation of map units, and a description of map units. Sheet 2 includes a discussion of the geology, references cited, two cross sections from the geologic map on sheet 1, a tectonic map showing major structural features, and a structural domain map showing the orientation of brittle features.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3462","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Vermont, Vermont Agency of Natural Resources, Vermont Geological Survey; and the State of New Hampshire, Department of Environmental Services, New Hampshire Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Walsh, G.J., Valley, P.M., Armstrong, T.R., Ratcliffe, N.M., Merschat, A.J., and Gentry, B.J., 2020, Bedrock geologic map of the Springfield 7.5- x 15-minute quadrangle, Windsor County, Vermont, and Sullivan County, New Hampshire (ver. 1.1, June 2024): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3462, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3462.","productDescription":"2 Sheets: 62.78 x 40.79 inches and 48.00 x 41.00 inches; Base Map; Metadata; Database; Read Me; Companion File","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-091203","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499273,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_110835.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":429409,"rank":9,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3462/versionHist.txt","size":"715 B","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":381115,"rank":8,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3462/sim3462_openaccess.zip","text":"Open Access","size":"5.06 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":381114,"rank":7,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3462/sim3462_basemap.zip","text":"Base Map","size":"84.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":381111,"rank":4,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3462/sim3462_readme.txt","size":"11.8 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":381110,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3462/sim3462_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","size":"7.61 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3462"},{"id":381108,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3462/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":381113,"rank":6,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3462/sim3462_metadata.zip","size":"445 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":381109,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3462/sim3462_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","size":"23.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3462"},{"id":381112,"rank":5,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3462/sim3462_database.zip","size":"5.38 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire, Vermont","county":"Sullivan County, Windsor County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.5,\n 43.25\n ],\n [\n -72.25,\n 43.25\n ],\n [\n -72.25,\n 43.375\n ],\n [\n -72.5,\n 43.375\n ],\n [\n -72.5,\n 43.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: December 22, 2020; Version 1.1: June 4, 2024","contact":"

Florence Bascom Geoscience Center
U.S. Geological Survey
926A National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192

Contact Pubs Warehouse

","tableOfContents":"


","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"publishedDate":"2020-12-22","revisedDate":"2024-06-04","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, Gregory J. 0000-0003-4264-8836 gwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Gregory","email":"gwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valley, Peter M. 0000-0002-9957-0403 pvalley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9957-0403","contributorId":4809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valley","given":"Peter","email":"pvalley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Armstrong, Thomas R.","contributorId":40637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":806622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ratcliffe, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-7922-5784 nratclif@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7922-5784","contributorId":4167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratcliffe","given":"Nicholas","email":"nratclif@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":806623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Merschat, Arthur J. 0000-0002-9314-4067 amerschat@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9314-4067","contributorId":4556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merschat","given":"Arthur","email":"amerschat@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gentry, Beau J.","contributorId":245613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gentry","given":"Beau","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":806625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70216973,"text":"sir20205127 - 2020 - Hydrogeology and groundwater geochemistry of till confining units and confined aquifers in glacial deposits near Litchfield, Cromwell, Akeley, and Olivia, Minnesota, 2014–18","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-22T22:54:07.952364","indexId":"sir20205127","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-22T10:12:27","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-5127","displayTitle":"Hydrogeology and Groundwater Geochemistry of Till Confining Units and Confined Aquifers in Glacial Deposits near Litchfield, Cromwell, Akeley, and Olivia, Minnesota, 2014–18","title":"Hydrogeology and groundwater geochemistry of till confining units and confined aquifers in glacial deposits near Litchfield, Cromwell, Akeley, and Olivia, Minnesota, 2014–18","docAbstract":"

Confined (or buried) aquifers of glacial origin overlain by till confining units provide drinking water to hundreds of thousands of Minnesota residents. The sustainability of these groundwater resources is not well understood because hydraulic properties of till that control vertical groundwater fluxes (leakage) to underlying aquifers are largely unknown. The U.S. Geological Survey, Iowa State University, Minnesota Geological Survey, and Minnesota Department of Health investigated hydraulic properties and groundwater flow through till confining units using field studies and heuristic MODFLOW simulations. Till confining units in the following late-Wisconsinan stratigraphic units (with locations in parentheses) were characterized: Des Moines lobe till of the New Ulm Formation (Litchfield, Minnesota), Superior lobe till of the Cromwell and Aitkin Formations (Cromwell, Minn.), and Wadena lobe till of the Hewitt Formation (hydrogeology field camp [HFC] near Akeley, Minn.). Pre-Illinoian till of the Good Thunder formation (Olivia, Minn.) was also characterized.

Hydraulic and geochemical field data were collected from sediment cores and a series of five piezometer nests. Each nest consisted of five to eight piezometers screened at short vertical intervals in hydrostratigraphic units including (if present) surficial aquifers, till confining units, confined/buried aquifers, and underlying bedrock. Till hydraulic conductivity was estimated from slug tests (horizontal [Kh]) and constant-rate aquifer tests in the confined aquifer (vertical [Kv]). Travel times through the till were evaluated with Darcy’s law and stable isotope concentrations. A series of heuristic MODFLOW simulations were used to evaluate groundwater fluxes through till across the range of till hydraulic properties and pumping rates observed at the field sites.

The field data demonstrated variability in hydraulic properties between and within till stratigraphic units horizontally and vertically. The variability in hydraulic properties within and between sites resulted in substantial differences in groundwater flux through till. A conceptual understanding that emerges from the vertical till profiles is that they are not homogeneous hydrostratigraphic units with uniform properties; rather, each vertical sequence is a heterogeneous mixture of glacial sediment with differing abilities to transmit water.

Till thicknesses varied from 60 to 166 feet, and till textures ranged from a sandy loam (Hewitt Formation, HFC site) to a silt loam/clay loam (Good Thunder formation, Olivia site). Till Kh varied by one to three orders of magnitude within each piezometer nest. Four piezometer nests had downward hydraulic gradients ranging from 0.04 to 0.56, and one nest had a slight upward hydraulic gradient of 0.02. The Cromwell, HFC, and Litchfield 1 sites were examples of “leaky” tills with high Kv (0.001 to 1.1 feet per day [ft/d]) and geometric mean Kh (0.03 to 0.07 ft/d) and extensive vertical hydraulic connectivity between the confined aquifer and the overlying till. Estimated groundwater travel times through these sites ranged from 1 to 81 years, and two of these sites had tritium throughout their till profiles. The tills at the other two sites, Olivia and Litchfield 2, were effective confining units that had low Kv (0.001 to 0.0005 ft/d) and geometric mean Kh (0.0002 to 0.004 ft/d). The till piezometers at these sites had no drawdown response to short-term (up to 10 hours for Olivia and up to 5 days for Litchfield) high-capacity pumping from the confined aquifer. Estimated groundwater travel times through the tills at these sites ranged from 165 to nearly 1,800 years, and tritium was only detected in the upper one-third of these till profiles. Across all sites, the till vertical anisotropy (ratio of Kh to Kv) ranged by four orders of magnitude from 0.05 at the Cromwell nest to 70 at the Litchfield 1 nest. Stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen indicate that groundwater throughout all five till profiles is younger than the last glacial advance into Minnesota at about 11,000 years ago.

The heuristic modeling demonstrated that, for understanding sustainability of groundwater pumping from confined aquifers, knowledge of till hydraulic properties is just as important as knowledge of aquifer hydraulic properties. Substantial differences in groundwater fluxes into and through till were observed across hydrogeologic settings representative of the field sites. Over long periods of time (hundreds of years), pumping-induced hydraulic gradients are established in confined aquifer systems and, even in low hydraulic conductivity tills, these pumping-induced hydraulic gradients increase leakage into and through till compared to ambient conditions.

In conclusion, groundwater flowing vertically downward through till confining units (leakage) replenishes water pumped from confined aquifers. Till hydraulic properties, such as those presented in this report, provide important information that can be used to quantify leakage rates through till. Till hydraulic properties are variable over short distances and profoundly affect leakage rates, demonstrating the importance of site-specific till hydraulic data for evaluating the sustainability of groundwater withdrawals from confined aquifers.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205127","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources and in collaboration with Iowa State University and the Minnesota Department of Health","usgsCitation":"Trost, J.J., Maher, A., Simpkins, W.W., Witt, A.N., Stark, J.R., Blum, J., and Berg, A.M., 2020, Hydrogeology and groundwater geochemistry of till confining units and confined aquifers in glacial deposits near Litchfield, Cromwell, Akeley, and Olivia, Minnesota, 2014–18: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5127, 80 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205127.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 80 p.; 2 Data Releases; Dataset","numberOfPages":"94","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-103595","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381538,"rank":5,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database","description":"USGS dataset","linkHelpText":"— USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":381534,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5127/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":381535,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5127/sir20205127.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.21 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020–5127"},{"id":381536,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IXC7D3","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Geochemical data, water-level data, and slug test analysis results from till confining units and confined aquifers in glacial deposits near Akeley, Cromwell, Litchfield, and Olivia, Minnesota, 2015–2018"},{"id":381537,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KOI6T3","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Heuristic MODFLOW models used to evaluate the effects of pumping groundwater from confined aquifers overlain by till confining units"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Akeley, Cromwell, Litchfield, Olivia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.5758056640625,\n 45.084672408703945\n ],\n [\n -94.48173522949219,\n 45.084672408703945\n ],\n [\n -94.48173522949219,\n 45.16364237397378\n ],\n [\n -94.5758056640625,\n 45.16364237397378\n ],\n [\n -94.5758056640625,\n 45.084672408703945\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.91549682617188,\n 46.65320687122665\n ],\n [\n -92.84614562988281,\n 46.65320687122665\n ],\n [\n -92.84614562988281,\n 46.6965511173143\n ],\n [\n -92.91549682617188,\n 46.6965511173143\n ],\n [\n -92.91549682617188,\n 46.65320687122665\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.74918365478516,\n 46.987044654111116\n ],\n [\n -94.70970153808594,\n 46.987044654111116\n ],\n [\n -94.70970153808594,\n 47.01678007415223\n ],\n [\n -94.74918365478516,\n 47.01678007415223\n ],\n [\n -94.74918365478516,\n 46.987044654111116\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.02418518066406,\n 44.74185630294231\n ],\n [\n -94.95758056640625,\n 44.74185630294231\n ],\n [\n -94.95758056640625,\n 44.79986517347138\n ],\n [\n -95.02418518066406,\n 44.79986517347138\n ],\n [\n -95.02418518066406,\n 44.74185630294231\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2280 Woodale Drive
Mounds View, MN 55112

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2020-12-22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trost, Jared J. 0000-0003-0431-2151 jtrost@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0431-2151","contributorId":3749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trost","given":"Jared","email":"jtrost@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maher, Anna-Turi 0000-0001-8679-7978","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-7978","contributorId":245832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maher","given":"Anna-Turi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simpkins, William W.","contributorId":245833,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simpkins","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Witt, Alyssa N.","contributorId":245834,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Witt","given":"Alyssa","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":807137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stark, James R.","contributorId":245836,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stark","given":"James R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":807138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blum, Justin","contributorId":245835,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blum","given":"Justin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":807139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Berg, Andrew M. 0000-0001-9312-240X aberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9312-240X","contributorId":5642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berg","given":"Andrew","email":"aberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70216955,"text":"tm7C26 - 2020 - Approaches to highly parameterized inversion: PEST++ Version 5, a software suite for parameter estimation, uncertainty analysis, management optimization and sensitivity analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-10T15:32:29.931971","indexId":"tm7C26","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-22T10:11:18","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"7-C26","displayTitle":"Approaches to Highly Parameterized Inversion: PEST++ Version 5, a Software Suite for Parameter Estimation, Uncertainty Analysis, Management Optimization and Sensitivity Analysis","title":"Approaches to highly parameterized inversion: PEST++ Version 5, a software suite for parameter estimation, uncertainty analysis, management optimization and sensitivity analysis","docAbstract":"

PEST++ Version 5 extends and enhances the functionality of the PEST++ Version 3 software suite, providing environmental modeling practitioners access to updated Version 3 tools as well as new tools to support decision making with environmental models. Version 5 of PEST++ includes tools for global sensitivity analysis (PESTPP-SEN); least-squares parameter estimation with integrated first-order, second-moment parameter and forecast uncertainty estimation (PESTPP-GLM); an iterative, localized ensemble smoother (PESTPP-IES); and a tool for management optimization under uncertainty (PESTPP-OPT). Additionally, all PEST++ Version 5 tools have a built-in fault-tolerant, multithreaded parallel run manager and are model independent, using the same protocol as the widely used PEST software suite.

PEST++ Version 5 is consistent with PEST++ Version 3 conventions and design philosophy. The software’s emphasis continues to target efficient and optimized algorithms that have proven beneficial in decision-support settings and can accommodate large, highly parameterized problems. Expanded and new capabilities are now available to express uncertainty using Monte Carlo and analytical uncertainty approaches and allow evaluation of thousands to millions of parameters. New management optimization capabilities in Version 5 also allow environmental models to be used to answer management questions using multiple societal constraints in a risk-based framework.

The PEST++ Version 5 software suite can be compiled for Microsoft Windows® and Unix-based operating systems such as Apple and Linux®; the source code is available with a Microsoft Visual Studio® 2019 solution; and CMake support for all three operating system is also provided. PEST++ Version 5 continues to build a foundation for an open-source framework capable of producing model-independent, robust, and efficient decision-support tools for large environmental models. The functionality of each of the PEST++ tools are demonstrated on a simple example problem. Implications of decisions used when using the PEST++ suite tools are also discussed.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm7C26","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Great Lakes Restoration Initiative","usgsCitation":"White, J.T., Hunt, R.J., Fienen, M.N., and Doherty, J.E., 2020, Approaches to Highly Parameterized Inversion: PEST++ Version 5, a Software Suite for Parameter Estimation, Uncertainty Analysis, Management Optimization and Sensitivity Analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 7C26, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm7C26.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 52 p.; Software Release","numberOfPages":"64","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-119615","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":436694,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YTQ5PY","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"PEST++ Version 5.0 source code, pre-compiled binaries and example problem"},{"id":381481,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/07/c26/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":381482,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/07/c26/tm7c26.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.95 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"T&M 7 C–26"},{"id":381483,"rank":3,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://www.usgs.gov/software/pest-software-suite-parameter-estimation-uncertainty-analysis-management-optimization-and","text":"USGS software release","linkHelpText":"— PEST++, a Software Suite for Parameter Estimation, Uncertainty Analysis, Management Optimization and Sensitivity Analysis"}],"contact":"

Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8505 Research Way
Middleton, WI 53562

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"publishedDate":"2020-12-22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Jeremy T. 0000-0002-4950-1469 jwhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4950-1469","contributorId":167708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Jeremy","email":"jwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":208800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":807077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fienen, Michael N. 0000-0002-7756-4651 mnfienen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":171511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael","email":"mnfienen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doherty, John E.","contributorId":8817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doherty","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7046,"text":"Watermark Numerical Computing","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70170193,"text":"pp1824R - 2020 - Geology and assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Yenisey-Khatanga Basin Province","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70170193,"text":"pp1824R - 2020 - Geology and assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Yenisey-Khatanga Basin Province","indexId":"pp1824R","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"chapter":"R","displayTitle":"Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Yenisey-Khatanga Basin Province, 2008","title":"Geology and assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Yenisey-Khatanga Basin Province"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70193865,"text":"pp1824 - 2017 - The 2008 Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal ","indexId":"pp1824","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"title":"The 2008 Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal "},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70193865,"text":"pp1824 - 2017 - The 2008 Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal ","indexId":"pp1824","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"title":"The 2008 Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal "},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-26T14:07:33.815115","indexId":"pp1824R","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-22T10:09:25","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1824","chapter":"R","displayTitle":"Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Yenisey-Khatanga Basin Province, 2008","title":"Geology and assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Yenisey-Khatanga Basin Province","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) assessed the potential for undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Yenisey-Khatanga Basin Province as part of the USGS Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal. The province is situated between the Taimyr-Kara high (Kara block, Central Taimyr fold belt, and South Taimyr fold belt) and the Siberian craton. The two assessment units (AUs) defined for this study—the Khatanga Saddle AU and the Yenisey-Khatanga Basin AU were assessed for undiscovered, technically recoverable, conventional resources. The estimated mean volumes of undiscovered resources for the Yenisey-Khatanga Basin Province are ~5.6 billion barrels of crude oil, ~100 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, and ~2.7 billion barrels of natural-gas liquids, all north of the Arctic Circle.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1824R","usgsCitation":"Klett, T.R., and Pitman, J.K., 2018, Geology and assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Yenisey-Khatanga Basin Province, 2008, chap. R of Moore, T.E., and Gautier, D.L., eds., The 2008 Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1824, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1824R.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 23 p., 2 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050991","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381577,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1824/r/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":381580,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1824/r/pp1824r_appendix2.xls","text":"Appendix 2","size":"50 KB","linkHelpText":"– Input data for the Yenisey-Khatanga Basin Assessment Unit"},{"id":381579,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1824/r/pp1824r_appendix1.xls","text":"Appendix 1","size":"50 KB","linkHelpText":"– Input data for the Khatanga Saddle Assessment Unit"},{"id":381578,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1824/r/pp1824r.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Russia","otherGeospatial":"Yenisey-Khatanga Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 115.224609375,\n 71.74643171904148\n ],\n [\n 112.32421875,\n 75.02766361549942\n ],\n [\n 109.16015624999999,\n 75.56304125915767\n ],\n [\n 86.748046875,\n 71.46912418989677\n ],\n [\n 78.57421875,\n 70.8446726342528\n ],\n [\n 79.716796875,\n 68.84766505841037\n ],\n [\n 85.69335937499999,\n 67.2720426739952\n ],\n [\n 89.296875,\n 68.87935761076949\n ],\n [\n 95.888671875,\n 68.942606818121\n ],\n [\n 101.953125,\n 70.4367988185464\n ],\n [\n 112.236328125,\n 71.58053179556501\n ],\n [\n 115.224609375,\n 71.74643171904148\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Contact Information, Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center—Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
FAX 650-329-4936

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2020-12-22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klett, Timothy R. 0000-0001-9779-1168 tklett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-1168","contributorId":150416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klett","given":"Timothy","email":"tklett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pitman, Janet K. 0000-0002-0441-779X jpitman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0441-779X","contributorId":767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitman","given":"Janet","email":"jpitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70216976,"text":"ofr20201133 - 2020 - A probabilistic assessment of tephra-fall hazards at Hanford, Washington, from a future eruption of Mount St. Helens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-22T23:05:06.738014","indexId":"ofr20201133","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-22T09:55:23","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-1133","displayTitle":"A Probabilistic Assessment of Tephra-Fall Hazards at Hanford, Washington, From a Future Eruption of Mount St. Helens","title":"A probabilistic assessment of tephra-fall hazards at Hanford, Washington, from a future eruption of Mount St. Helens","docAbstract":"

Hanford, Washington (USA) is the construction site of a multi-billion-dollar high-level nuclear waste treatment facility. This site lies 200 kilometers (km) east of Mount St. Helens (MSH), the most active volcano in the contiguous United States. Tephra from a future MSH eruption could pose a hazard to the air intake and filtration systems at this plant. In this report, we present a probabilistic estimate of the amount of tephra that could fall, and the concentrations of airborne ash that could occur at the Hanford Site during a future eruption. Mount St. Helens has produced four large explosive eruptions in approximately the past 500 years, suggesting that its annual probability of eruption (P1) is roughly 4/500=0.008. Assuming that a large eruption occurs, we calculate the probability (P3|1) of a given fall deposit thickness or airborne concentration at Hanford by running about 10,000 simulations of ash-producing eruptions using the atmospheric transport model Ash3d. In each simulation, we calculate the pattern of tephra dispersal, deposit thickness at Hanford, and airborne ash concentration at ground level. As input for each simulation, we choose meteorological conditions from a randomly chosen time in the historical record between 1980 and 2010, using data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) Reanalysis (ERA) Interim model. The volume (dense-rock equivalent) of each simulated eruption is randomly chosen from a uniform probability distribution on a log scale from the range of magma volumes (0.008–2.3 cubic kilometers [km3]) estimated for late Holocene eruptions at MSH. Plume heights and durations of each eruption are chosen using empirical correlations between volume, height, and eruption rate, which account for the fact that larger eruptions have higher plumes and last longer. We construct summary tables of final deposit thickness (T), maximum ground-level airborne concentration (Cmax), and average ground-level airborne concentration (Cavg) during tephra-fall for each run. Each table is sorted and ranked by decreasing value of T, Cmax, or Cavg. Conditional probabilities (P3|1) are derived by dividing rank by n+1, where n is the total number of successful runs. For example, a deposit thickness of 5.10 centimeters (cm) from run 446 is ranked 123 of 9,785 successful runs, yielding P3|1=123/9,786=0.01257. Its annual probability is P=P1·P3|1=0.008×0.01257=0.000101. By interpolation, the deposit thickness (T10k) having an annual probability of 1 in 10,000 (P= 0.0001) is 5.11 cm. Analogous concentration values are Cmax,10k=3,819 and Cavg,10k=1,513 milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3), respectively. Independent calculations using the known mass accumulation rate of the deposit (=0.001–0.006 kilograms per square meter per second [kg/m2/s]), aggregate fall velocities (u=0.3–0.8 meters per second [m/s]), and the simple formula , yield similar results, although highly variable fall velocities add significant uncertainty. This formula implies that deposit accumulation rates of millimeters (mm) to greater than 1 cm per hour, which are not uncommon during heavy ash fall, are associated with airborne concentrations of 102–103 milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3). These concentrations are much higher than published measurements (10-3–101 mg/m3), which record only suspended particles sampled in sheltered areas. During heavy ashfall, most fine ash falls as aggregates. Whether such aggregates will be ingested into air ducts will depend on the aggregate size and fall rate, the fragility of the aggregates, the air duct geometry, intake velocity, and other factors.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201133","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of River Protection","usgsCitation":"Mastin, L.G., Van Eaton, A., and Schwaiger, H.F., 2020, A probabilistic assessment of tephra-fall hazards at Hanford, Washington, from a future eruption of Mount St. Helens: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020–1133, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201133.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 54 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-112179","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381546,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1133/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":381547,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1133/ofr20201133.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":381548,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VPFXQR","linkHelpText":"Data Used to Develop A Probabilistic Assessment of Tephra-Fall Hazards at Hanford, Washington"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Hanford","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.88281249999999,\n 46.33175800051563\n ],\n [\n -119.2950439453125,\n 46.33175800051563\n ],\n [\n -119.2950439453125,\n 46.81509864599243\n ],\n [\n -119.88281249999999,\n 46.81509864599243\n ],\n [\n -119.88281249999999,\n 46.33175800051563\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Volcano Science Center
Cascades Volcano Observatory
U.S. Geological Survey
1300 SE Cardinal Court
Vancouver, WA, 98683

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2020-12-22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, Larry G. 0000-0002-4795-1992 lgmastin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-1992","contributorId":555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Larry","email":"lgmastin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Eaton, Alexa R. 0000-0001-6646-4594 avaneaton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6646-4594","contributorId":184079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Eaton","given":"Alexa","email":"avaneaton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwaiger, Hans F. 0000-0001-7397-8833 hschwaiger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7397-8833","contributorId":4108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwaiger","given":"Hans","email":"hschwaiger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70216979,"text":"70216979 - 2020 - Living with wildfire in Ashland, Oregon: 2020 data report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-22T14:08:29.122772","indexId":"70216979","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-22T08:06:03","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Living with wildfire in Ashland, Oregon: 2020 data report","docAbstract":"Wildfire affects many types of communities. Improved understandings of urban conflagrations are leading some fire-prone communities, such as Ashland, Oregon, to expand their attention from focusing solely on the intermix fringe to managing wildfire threats across more urbanized wildland urban interface (WUI) communities. The core intent of this project was to build a partnership between the Wildfire Research (WiRē) Team and Ashland Fire and Rescue (AFR) by leveraging existing wildfire risk data collected in March 2018 and pairing it with newly collected social data to better understand Ashland, Oregon residents’ knowledge, experiences, and perceptions about wildfire risk. This greater understanding will help AFR focus its programs and outreach and ultimately promote increased mitigation and reduced wildfire risk in Ashland.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","collaboration":"USDA Forest Service; Bureau of Land Management; Wildfire Research (WiRē) Center; Ashland Fire and Rescue","usgsCitation":"Brenkert-Smith, H., Chambers, C., Gibble, K., Barth, C.M., Donovan, C., Wagner, C., Lerch, A., Meldrum, J., and Champ, P.A., 2020, Living with wildfire in Ashland, Oregon: 2020 data report, 55 p.","productDescription":"55 p.","ipdsId":"IP-121364","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381571,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":381560,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs_series/rmrs/rn/rmrs_rn088.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"Ashland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.86010742187499,\n 42.12267315117256\n ],\n [\n -122.574462890625,\n 42.12267315117256\n ],\n [\n -122.574462890625,\n 42.29762739128456\n ],\n [\n -122.86010742187499,\n 42.29762739128456\n ],\n [\n -122.86010742187499,\n 42.12267315117256\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brenkert-Smith, Hannah 0000-0001-6117-8863","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-8863","contributorId":195485,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brenkert-Smith","given":"Hannah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":807151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chambers, Chris","contributorId":245838,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chambers","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49339,"text":"Ashland Fire and Rescue","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gibble, Katie","contributorId":245839,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibble","given":"Katie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49339,"text":"Ashland Fire and Rescue","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barth, Christopher M.","contributorId":195487,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barth","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":807154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Donovan, Colleen","contributorId":240586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donovan","given":"Colleen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48103,"text":"Wildfire Research (WiRē) Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wagner, Carolyn","contributorId":240587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wagner","given":"Carolyn","affiliations":[{"id":48103,"text":"Wildfire Research (WiRē) Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lerch, Alison","contributorId":245840,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lerch","given":"Alison","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48103,"text":"Wildfire Research (WiRē) Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Meldrum, James R. 0000-0001-5250-3759 jmeldrum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5250-3759","contributorId":195484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meldrum","given":"James","email":"jmeldrum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Champ, Patricia A.","contributorId":195486,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Champ","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":807159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70216968,"text":"fs20203068 - 2020 - Alaska and Landsat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-18T21:11:44.717111","indexId":"fs20203068","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-21T17:13:25","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-3068","displayTitle":"Alaska and Landsat","title":"Alaska and Landsat","docAbstract":"

Alaska’s landscapes are changing at a more rapid rate than those of the lower 48. Its large size makes the collection of aerial surveys—a biannual occurrence for the conterminous United States—cost-prohibitive. That means the Landsat series of land imaging satellites offer the only publicly available, up-to-date imagery of land conditions for Alaska. Landsat satellites underpin public and private sector decisions in the State and across the Nation for effective adaptation to changing landscapes.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20203068","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2020, Alaska and Landsat (ver. 1.1, December 2022): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2020–3068, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20203068.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-123235","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":410214,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3068/fs20203068.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2020–3068"},{"id":410257,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/fs20203068/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":381526,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3068/coverthb3.jpg"},{"id":410215,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3068/fs20203068.XML"},{"id":410216,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3068/images"},{"id":410217,"rank":5,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3068/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"8.30 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":501277,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_110826.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-141.0007667541504,69.64681951728146],[-141.064453125,69.80172356231073],[-141.767578125,69.96043926902489],[-142.734375,70.1478274118401],[-143.26171875,70.25945200030638],[-144.99755859375,70.1925497583889],[-146.14013671875,70.21487465331137],[-147.43652343749997,70.32613725493573],[-148.40332031249997,70.51024068514326],[-149.47998046875,70.63448406630856],[-149.85351562499997,70.63448406630856],[-150.64453125,70.59802116106809],[-151.611328125,70.61261423801925],[-151.8310546875,70.7724429742589],[-152.02880859375,70.90226826757711],[-152.666015625,71.0098110139634],[-153.52294921875,71.05979781529196],[-154.31396484375,70.95969716686398],[-154.70947265625,71.20191973293133],[-155.41259765625,71.3219146980122],[-156.46728515625,71.45515260247822],[-157.10449218749997,71.34301347171373],[-157.58789062499997,71.21607526596131],[-157.91748046875,70.99550574822297],[-158.62060546875,70.9883492241249],[-159.30175781249997,70.98119010476937],[-159.98291015625,70.94535555009823],[-160.51025390625,70.73622993891799],[-160.90576171875,70.58341752317065],[-161.5869140625,70.45150843439349],[-161.78466796875,70.45885925640687],[-162.5537109375,70.34092679475283],[-163.05908203125,70.09552886456429],[-163.388671875,69.81689109911446],[-163.564453125,69.51914693717981],[-164.02587890625,69.15474044269264],[-164.90478515625,69.03714171275197],[-165.69580078124997,68.97416358340674],[-166.26708984375,69.01354605132325],[-166.376953125,68.80004113882613],[-166.66259765624997,68.5443150407769],[-167.1240234375,68.39918004344189],[-166.61865234375,68.17155518732503],[-166.5087890625,67.99110834539984],[-165.87158203125,67.8672645403614],[-164.61914062499997,67.47492238478702],[-164.24560546874997,67.23806155909902],[-164.091796875,67.02458758377148],[-163.10302734375,66.87834504307976],[-163.05908203125,66.73990169639414],[-162.66357421875,66.58321725728175],[-162.333984375,66.48697584176404],[-162.3779296875,66.34632215978135],[-163.2568359375,66.31103501145373],[-163.19091796875,66.55700652350038],[-163.76220703124997,66.73990169639414],[-164.46533203125,66.69647781801481],[-165.30029296875,66.55700652350038],[-166.1572265625,66.41674787052298],[-166.9482421875,66.24916310923315],[-167.3876953125,66.01801815922045],[-168.42041015625,65.56754970214311],[-168.02490234375,65.33017791526855],[-167.45361328125,65.18303007291382],[-166.9921875,64.86760781632728],[-166.7724609375,64.49172504435471],[-165.69580078124997,64.24459476798195],[-164.59716796875,64.29229248039543],[-164.13574218749997,64.26368374017731],[-163.49853515625,64.18724867664994],[-162.5537109375,64.27322328178595],[-161.82861328124997,64.24459476798195],[-161.52099609375,63.93737246791484],[-163.125,63.68524808030715],[-163.93798828125,63.41119772365924],[-164.5751953125,63.32254947641308],[-165.41015625,63.15435519659187],[-165.78369140625,62.75472592723178],[-166.26708984375,62.42090322195164],[-166.5966796875,62.155240711732425],[-166.48681640625,61.616843178481375],[-166.2451171875,61.23853141060282],[-165.849609375,60.8663124746226],[-166.5966796875,60.56537850464181],[-167.34375,60.468050120874615],[-167.80517578125,60.20707506634915],[-167.8271484375,60.09771842541544],[-167.89306640624997,59.93300042374631],[-167.03613281249997,59.712097173322924],[-166.640625,59.61221219518693],[-165.95947265624997,59.60109549032134],[-165.47607421874997,59.74532608213611],[-165.10253906249997,59.95501026206206],[-164.794921875,59.987997631212224],[-164.72900390624997,59.7563950493563],[-164.46533203125,59.54545678424146],[-163.8720703125,59.54545678424146],[-163.14697265625,59.60109549032134],[-162.26806640625,59.62332522313024],[-162.20214843749997,59.17592824927136],[-162.35595703125,58.81374171570782],[-162.57568359375,58.6769376725869],[-162.09228515625,58.39019698411526],[-161.455078125,58.39019698411526],[-160.68603515625,58.44773280389084],[-160.1806640625,58.516651799363785],[-159.71923828125,58.58543569119917],[-159.43359375,58.47072082411973],[-159.08203125,58.33256713195789],[-158.55468749999997,58.286395482881034],[-158.44482421874997,58.619777025081675],[-157.60986328125,58.52812515905843],[-158.00537109375,58.00809779306888],[-158.48876953125,57.468589192089354],[-159.49951171875,56.84897198026975],[-161.0595703125,56.389583525613055],[-164.9267578125,54.97761367069628],[-165.9814453125,54.470037612805754],[-168.55224609375,53.73571574532637],[-173.232421875,52.92215137976296],[-175.62744140624997,52.3755991766591],[-177.86865234375,52.13348804077147],[-178.9453125,50.98609893339354],[-178.00048828125,51.440312757160115],[-176.8359375,51.467696956223364],[-175.36376953125,51.7406361640977],[-171.826171875,52.119998657638156],[-167.62939453124997,52.9883372533954],[-166.728515625,53.186287573913305],[-165.9375,53.553362785528094],[-165.30029296875,53.76170183021049],[-164.3115234375,54.149567212540525],[-163.89404296875,54.29088164657006],[-163.3447265625,54.18815548107151],[-162.26806640625,54.07228265560388],[-162.09228515625,54.3549556895541],[-161.89453125,54.7246201949245],[-161.0595703125,54.80068486732233],[-160.400390625,54.67383096593114],[-159.19189453125,54.61025498157912],[-159.14794921875,55.07836723201515],[-158.79638671875,55.429013452407396],[-157.58789062499997,55.825973254619015],[-155.7421875,55.541064956111036],[-154.62158203125,56.01066647040695],[-153.47900390625,56.43820369358165],[-151.45751953125,57.397624055000456],[-151.4794921875,58.07787626787517],[-151.45751953125,58.75680543225761],[-149.74365234374997,59.38917842312835],[-148.51318359375,59.63443457494949],[-146.689453125,59.355596110016315],[-144.51416015625,59.75086102411168],[-144.3109130859375,59.87239799228177],[-143.8330078125,59.968758992382334],[-143.0694580078125,60.031929699115615],[-141.5533447265625,59.842055288480076],[-140.9051513671875,59.68160832698723],[-140.020751953125,59.478568831926395],[-139.1693115234375,59.234986238722],[-138.82873535156247,59.09138238455909],[-138.3233642578125,58.96983560365735],[-138.1146240234375,58.862064179600374],[-138.076171875,58.722598828043374],[-136.9775390625,58.19387126497797],[-136.56005859375,57.7862326105289],[-135.966796875,57.33838126552897],[-136.03271484375,57.052681978717494],[-135.81298828125,56.92099675839107],[-134.571533203125,55.8845546603819],[-134.2034912109375,55.56592203025787],[-133.8958740234375,55.263468250921285],[-133.7530517578125,55.06264118216743],[-133.6102294921875,54.64523407607479],[-133.2421875,54.635697306063854],[-130.6171417236328,54.70637513489091],[-130.62950134277344,54.72422365048395],[-130.62606811523438,54.73651472417763],[-130.65765380859375,54.762274228176494],[-130.62950134277344,54.78247406031503],[-130.5663299560547,54.79237225560392],[-130.49697875976562,54.82877675365454],[-130.42282104492188,54.87423625974835],[-130.34591674804688,54.91569803760518],[-130.27244567871094,54.97288463122321],[-130.18661499023438,55.062247951730015],[-130.18043518066406,55.091729515360875],[-130.15090942382812,55.12393783348962],[-130.14747619628906,55.14160209881279],[-130.10284423828125,55.19219635238084],[-129.97169494628906,55.28146181651345],[-129.97581481933594,55.30022902025666],[-130.02044677734375,55.33890835596374],[-130.0396728515625,55.45043679812318],[-130.0884246826172,55.496749338303694],[-130.12825012207028,55.58144971869657],[-130.10971069335938,55.68223010941079],[-130.14816284179688,55.71473455012689],[-130.15296936035156,55.7649857705176],[-130.12550354003906,55.80475427021683],[-130.0843048095703,55.82134464477078],[-130.00465393066406,55.90573012454021],[-130.00465393066406,55.9130425993163],[-130.0190734863281,55.912657766599715],[-130.00259399414062,56.00605986001467],[-130.10421752929688,56.12297419573329],[-130.24635314941406,56.09693875609652],[-130.3479766845703,56.12794955397159],[-130.42556762695312,56.14134155069025],[-130.4674530029297,56.24373146827144],[-130.55740356445312,56.249454174583384],[-130.5677032470703,56.25479459547735],[-130.62400817871094,56.2685236855868],[-130.78262329101562,56.36715174252849],[-131.08612060546875,56.40668363558357],[-131.16989135742188,56.44883107459549],[-131.473388671875,56.551913918713375],[-131.58119201660156,56.61204220477141],[-131.8352508544922,56.59843662755775],[-131.85997009277344,56.702620872371355],[-131.89979553222656,56.75347577609789],[-131.87232971191406,56.805765643008264],[-132.12432861328122,56.87374615531272],[-132.0467376708984,57.04521234171931],[-132.3687744140625,57.09149987857074],[-132.2472381591797,57.211056900559335],[-132.3680877685547,57.347273783306676],[-132.55210876464844,57.49516565182901],[-132.65853881835938,57.61562391374733],[-132.75466918945312,57.69680911844304],[-132.8693389892578,57.83853792318956],[-133.06983947753906,58.00082136594698],[-133.17283630371094,58.15404059343076],[-133.34518432617188,58.27628739957773],[-133.45985412597656,58.38731772556939],[-133.37608337402344,58.430481925680034],[-133.70567321777344,58.611194853078764],[-133.83956909179685,58.730440812979516],[-134.25979614257812,58.861354043320055],[-134.3360137939453,58.92414471817596],[-134.3140411376953,58.962755708753306],[-134.4060516357422,58.978683427688686],[-134.38133239746094,59.03878841190553],[-134.44656372070312,59.08820785301446],[-134.48501586914062,59.13121539881386],[-134.56329345703125,59.130510792073984],[-134.67933654785156,59.191757369765085],[-134.70130920410156,59.24973478117606],[-134.95742797851562,59.279914277804906],[-135.02883911132812,59.34649517787861],[-134.9897003173828,59.3877798237848],[-135.10093688964844,59.42622028594434],[-135.07827758789062,59.45275367774563],[-135.0274658203125,59.47473269180728],[-135.03021240234375,59.564245132658975],[-135.11810302734372,59.62367244601488],[-135.15586853027344,59.625061301654334],[-135.2190399169922,59.6632323288228],[-135.23345947265625,59.69650975428769],[-135.252685546875,59.69789559656873],[-135.36048889160156,59.73598378851403],[-135.4779052734375,59.79821644465919],[-135.94894409179688,59.6632323288228],[-136.1927032470703,59.63998787256213],[-136.34788513183594,59.60109549032134],[-136.25038146972656,59.56633207991906],[-136.24076843261716,59.55972296971678],[-136.24076843261716,59.52387204745182],[-136.3066864013672,59.46461714320982],[-136.36642456054688,59.4496126517294],[-136.47628784179688,59.46566371970234],[-136.46804809570312,59.28552611855346],[-136.49620056152344,59.27465233689575],[-136.4900207519531,59.26096748461385],[-136.5840911865234,59.166075318301345],[-136.8285369873047,59.16009179641602],[-136.8793487548828,59.13544273484683],[-137.28240966796875,59.0009698708429],[-137.449951171875,58.908900972391415],[-137.52548217773438,58.906418795609426],[-137.5000762939453,58.985760051467075],[-137.54127502441406,59.10478272378236],[-137.60787963867188,59.24376590151355],[-138.62617492675778,59.76746035005358],[-138.66600036621094,59.80961318716828],[-138.6797332763672,59.84481485969105],[-138.70582580566406,59.90650046741583],[-139.05258178710938,59.994179105518434],[-139.19952392578125,60.08950200748712],[-139.0711212158203,60.3187885497516],[-139.07386779785156,60.35243208301854],[-139.69253540039062,60.33544473468298],[-139.97955322265625,60.181818669034776],[-140.4595184326172,60.30858669066228],[-140.5199432373047,60.22003701633967],[-141.00128173828125,60.3058656567224],[-141.0007667541504,69.64681951728146]]]}},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-173.07586669921875,60.72157115165579],[-173.155517578125,60.69469537287745],[-173.15277099609375,60.64356945377967],[-173.08135986328125,60.61123754937553],[-173.04016113281247,60.58157148491742],[-173.08135986328125,60.53972302275651],[-173.089599609375,60.511343283202464],[-173.05938720703125,60.4788788301667],[-172.98248291015625,60.468050120874615],[-172.94677734374997,60.43689744859958],[-172.8424072265625,60.403001945865476],[-172.78472900390625,60.373144671593685],[-172.7105712890625,60.329667021005825],[-172.6611328125,60.3187885497516],[-172.5897216796875,60.309266913738156],[-172.49908447265625,60.31606836555203],[-172.4139404296875,60.3187885497516],[-172.35076904296875,60.3187885497516],[-172.30682373046872,60.29021531318375],[-172.2381591796875,60.29021531318375],[-172.17498779296875,60.30518536282736],[-172.2381591796875,60.333745513303114],[-172.34527587890625,60.378575303227215],[-172.364501953125,60.40164539086417],[-172.43041992187497,60.40571488624096],[-172.4798583984375,60.39757538658664],[-172.57598876953125,60.41249624776229],[-172.6556396484375,60.43689744859958],[-172.77374267578122,60.4788788301667],[-172.83416748046875,60.50052541051131],[-172.89459228515625,60.550527811064846],[-172.8863525390625,60.588316165776824],[-172.91656494140625,60.62606036274505],[-172.98797607421875,60.658377412327326],[-173.01544189453125,60.69469537287745],[-173.07586669921875,60.72157115165579]]]}},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-171.650390625,63.809167882566385],[-171.793212890625,63.82128765261384],[-171.80419921875,63.73147780336167],[-171.8426513671875,63.65601144183318],[-171.8865966796875,63.54365806976644],[-171.859130859375,63.42594585479083],[-171.7877197265625,63.34966546248425],[-171.62841796875,63.32501562217765],[-171.474609375,63.28306240110864],[-171.353759765625,63.29540792564745],[-171.2548828125,63.33980806067484],[-171.1395263671875,63.38413977217118],[-171.002197265625,63.389061297647125],[-170.760498046875,63.34966546248425],[-170.57373046875,63.32501562217765],[-170.41992187499997,63.27812271092345],[-170.343017578125,63.1989725264735],[-170.3594970703125,63.156835740093236],[-170.2496337890625,63.156835740093236],[-170.145263671875,63.156835740093236],[-170.0408935546875,63.14194929585152],[-169.9090576171875,63.087300267152735],[-169.8321533203125,63.03753005973634],[-169.7991943359375,62.990169510232555],[-169.8101806640625,62.95522304515911],[-169.74975585937497,62.922735326966595],[-169.617919921875,62.91523303947614],[-169.54650878906247,62.9502272814474],[-169.4915771484375,62.97270150065472],[-169.508056640625,62.99765260346662],[-169.4970703125,63.04251090966805],[-169.43664550781247,63.08978654472616],[-169.34326171874997,63.11712157280328],[-169.178466796875,63.13946747896222],[-169.1070556640625,63.14443090047572],[-168.958740234375,63.104699747121074],[-168.760986328125,63.112153479825004],[-168.67309570312497,63.203925767041305],[-168.662109375,63.26576978358972],[-168.7115478515625,63.3348780927218],[-168.92578125,63.366907787681754],[-169.07958984374997,63.366907787681754],[-169.25537109375,63.37183226679281],[-169.420166015625,63.376755901872734],[-169.5245361328125,63.389061297647125],[-169.6124267578125,63.43331707559086],[-169.705810546875,63.46278300222105],[-169.8211669921875,63.46523712749102],[-169.947509765625,63.48976680530999],[-170.0079345703125,63.59011870211632],[-170.0958251953125,63.658448979940175],[-170.2386474609375,63.704722429433225],[-170.4638671875,63.73390885572919],[-170.5902099609375,63.721751503619956],[-170.7659912109375,63.6779417467744],[-171.2164306640625,63.648697570849286],[-171.474609375,63.6779417467744],[-171.54052734375,63.75334975181205],[-171.650390625,63.809167882566385]]]}},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-170.40618896484375,57.022794415389725],[-170.3155517578125,57.043718234032625],[-170.22216796875,57.119841130872615],[-170.1947021484375,57.14518072479997],[-170.11505126953125,57.18985535714817],[-170.08209228515625,57.227042992549855],[-170.07110595703125,57.271618718194446],[-170.189208984375,57.23893512461504],[-170.2386474609375,57.22852971878346],[-170.32928466796875,57.22852971878346],[-170.3704833984375,57.22406936030381],[-170.49407958984375,57.20473490715757],[-170.41992187499997,57.12878649751151],[-170.364990234375,57.11387635258491],[-170.42266845703125,57.06910989239133],[-170.46112060546875,57.033257797376066],[-170.40618896484375,57.022794415389725]]]}},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-169.8321533203125,56.62904228542147],[-169.8211669921875,56.60486209416893],[-169.7991943359375,56.586716786451156],[-169.71405029296875,56.565536245992064],[-169.71405029296875,56.551913918713375],[-169.63165283203125,56.51707901932375],[-169.56024169921875,56.515563731608296],[-169.5025634765625,56.553427752820355],[-169.43115234375,56.58369172128337],[-169.43664550781247,56.626020608371924],[-169.56024169921875,56.63055303322322],[-169.6783447265625,56.62450967912138],[-169.8321533203125,56.62904228542147]]]}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: December 21, 2020; Version 1.1: December 12, 2022","contact":"

Program Coordinator, National Land Imaging Program 
U.S. Geological Survey 
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192

Contact Pubs Warehouse

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2020-12-21","revisedDate":"2022-12-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":147999,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey","id":807117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70216967,"text":"fs20203066 - 2020 - Maine and Landsat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-04T20:22:00.663948","indexId":"fs20203066","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-21T17:11:26","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-3066","displayTitle":"Maine and Landsat","title":"Maine and Landsat","docAbstract":"

Maine is a place of rocky coastlines, of rich maritime history symbolized by lighthouses dotting the ocean bluffs, and of wondrous nature areas like the granite and spruce islands of Acadia National Park. But Maine is a place of changes, too. Climate variability has brought the state heavier and more frequent rainstorms. Summers are hotter and drier. With sea levels rising, severe storms increasingly cause floods that damage property and infrastructure. In the coming decades, Landsat satellite systems can be valuable tools in monitoring those changes and their effects on the land and in the water.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20203066","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2020, Maine and Landsat (ver. 1.2, May 2023): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2020–3066, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20203066.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-123291","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381524,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3066/coverthb4.jpg"},{"id":402769,"rank":2,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3066/fs20203066.XML","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"}},{"id":402771,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3066/versionHist.txt","size":"1 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":402770,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3066/images"},{"id":417099,"rank":6,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3066/fs20203066.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.62 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2020–3066"},{"id":402772,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20203066/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":499559,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_110827.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-70.152589,43.746794],[-70.158456,43.751616],[-70.147646,43.758585],[-70.145911,43.772119],[-70.128271,43.774009],[-70.14089,43.753204],[-70.152589,43.746794]]],[[[-70.135957,43.753219],[-70.129721,43.76408],[-70.117688,43.765693],[-70.135957,43.753219]]],[[[-70.171245,43.663498],[-70.205934,43.633633],[-70.211062,43.641842],[-70.200116,43.662978],[-70.188047,43.673762],[-70.171245,43.663498]]],[[[-70.186213,43.682655],[-70.210825,43.661695],[-70.213948,43.666161],[-70.201893,43.685483],[-70.191041,43.689071],[-70.186213,43.682655]]],[[[-70.163884,43.692404],[-70.146115,43.701635],[-70.135563,43.700658],[-70.154503,43.680933],[-70.168227,43.675136],[-70.173571,43.683734],[-70.163884,43.692404]]],[[[-70.087621,43.699913],[-70.093704,43.6918],[-70.099594,43.695366],[-70.115908,43.682978],[-70.118174,43.686375],[-70.093113,43.710524],[-70.097184,43.700929],[-70.087621,43.699913]]],[[[-70.119671,43.748621],[-70.097318,43.757292],[-70.094986,43.753211],[-70.107812,43.734555],[-70.108978,43.722312],[-70.129383,43.70832],[-70.138128,43.718231],[-70.138711,43.727559],[-70.119671,43.748621]]],[[[-68.499465,44.12419],[-68.491521,44.109833],[-68.502942,44.099722],[-68.51706,44.10341],[-68.518703,44.113222],[-68.511266,44.125082],[-68.499465,44.12419]]],[[[-68.358388,44.125082],[-68.346724,44.127749],[-68.331032,44.10758],[-68.338012,44.101473],[-68.365176,44.101464],[-68.375382,44.11646],[-68.358388,44.125082]]],[[[-68.453236,44.189998],[-68.416434,44.187047],[-68.384903,44.154955],[-68.396634,44.14069],[-68.438518,44.11618],[-68.448646,44.125581],[-68.447505,44.133493],[-68.456813,44.145268],[-68.496639,44.146855],[-68.502096,44.152388],[-68.500817,44.160026],[-68.474365,44.181875],[-68.453236,44.189998]]],[[[-68.680773,44.279242],[-68.623554,44.255622],[-68.605906,44.230772],[-68.612749,44.207722],[-68.624994,44.197637],[-68.618872,44.18107],[-68.643002,44.15766],[-68.670014,44.151537],[-68.675056,44.137131],[-68.681899,44.138212],[-68.692343,44.153698],[-68.713232,44.160541],[-68.720435,44.169185],[-68.714313,44.20376],[-68.722956,44.219607],[-68.718635,44.228611],[-68.700627,44.234013],[-68.680458,44.262105],[-68.680773,44.279242]]],[[[-68.355279,44.199096],[-68.333227,44.207308],[-68.314789,44.197157],[-68.321178,44.199032],[-68.332639,44.192131],[-68.339029,44.171839],[-68.347416,44.169459],[-68.378872,44.184222],[-68.364469,44.197534],[-68.355279,44.199096]]],[[[-68.472831,44.219767],[-68.453843,44.201683],[-68.459182,44.197681],[-68.48452,44.202886],[-68.482726,44.227058],[-68.470323,44.22832],[-68.472831,44.219767]]],[[[-68.792139,44.237819],[-68.769833,44.222787],[-68.769047,44.213351],[-68.780055,44.203129],[-68.829593,44.21689],[-68.839422,44.236547],[-68.827627,44.242838],[-68.792139,44.237819]]],[[[-68.23638,44.266254],[-68.214641,44.263156],[-68.211329,44.257074],[-68.24031,44.251622],[-68.240806,44.239723],[-68.248913,44.235443],[-68.274427,44.237099],[-68.274719,44.258675],[-68.246598,44.257836],[-68.23638,44.266254]]],[[[-68.498637,44.369686],[-68.478785,44.319563],[-68.489641,44.313705],[-68.530394,44.333583],[-68.518573,44.381022],[-68.501364,44.382281],[-68.498637,44.369686]]],[[[-68.618212,44.012367],[-68.635315,44.018886],[-68.657031,44.003823],[-68.659874,44.022758],[-68.650767,44.039908],[-68.661594,44.075837],[-68.627893,44.088128],[-68.6181,44.096706],[-68.609722,44.094674],[-68.584074,44.070578],[-68.590792,44.058662],[-68.601099,44.058362],[-68.610703,44.013422],[-68.618212,44.012367]]],[[[-68.785601,44.053503],[-68.818441,44.032046],[-68.874139,44.025359],[-68.889717,44.032516],[-68.899997,44.06696],[-68.913406,44.08519],[-68.908984,44.110001],[-68.944597,44.11284],[-68.917286,44.148239],[-68.847249,44.183017],[-68.825067,44.186338],[-68.819156,44.180462],[-68.82284,44.173693],[-68.818423,44.160978],[-68.782375,44.14531],[-68.792065,44.136759],[-68.818039,44.136852],[-68.820515,44.130198],[-68.815562,44.115836],[-68.806832,44.116339],[-68.790525,44.09292],[-68.772639,44.078439],[-68.77029,44.069566],[-68.785601,44.053503]]],[[[-67.619761,44.519754],[-67.582113,44.513459],[-67.590627,44.49415],[-67.562651,44.472104],[-67.571774,44.453403],[-67.588346,44.449754],[-67.604919,44.502056],[-67.619211,44.506009],[-67.619761,44.519754]]],[[[-68.942826,44.281073],[-68.919301,44.309872],[-68.919325,44.335392],[-68.90353,44.378613],[-68.87894,44.386584],[-68.868444,44.38144],[-68.860649,44.364425],[-68.87169,44.344662],[-68.89285,44.334653],[-68.896587,44.321986],[-68.88746,44.303094],[-68.904255,44.279889],[-68.916872,44.242866],[-68.95189,44.218719],[-68.94709,44.226792],[-68.955332,44.243873],[-68.965896,44.249754],[-68.965264,44.259332],[-68.942826,44.281073]]],[[[-70.353392,43.535405],[-70.379123,43.507202],[-70.385615,43.487031],[-70.380233,43.46423],[-70.349684,43.442032],[-70.370514,43.434133],[-70.384949,43.418839],[-70.39089,43.402607],[-70.421282,43.395777],[-70.427672,43.389254],[-70.424986,43.375928],[-70.460717,43.34325],[-70.517695,43.344037],[-70.553854,43.321886],[-70.593907,43.249295],[-70.576692,43.217651],[-70.618973,43.163625],[-70.638355,43.114182],[-70.655322,43.098008],[-70.665958,43.076234],[-70.703818,43.059825],[-70.708896,43.074989],[-70.737897,43.073488],[-70.756397,43.079988],[-70.766398,43.092688],[-70.779098,43.095887],[-70.8268,43.127086],[-70.8338,43.146886],[-70.823501,43.174585],[-70.828301,43.186685],[-70.819146,43.195157],[-70.811852,43.228306],[-70.817773,43.237408],[-70.837274,43.242321],[-70.843302,43.254321],[-70.858207,43.256286],[-70.861384,43.263143],[-70.881704,43.272483],[-70.886504,43.282783],[-70.906005,43.291682],[-70.900386,43.301358],[-70.91246,43.308289],[-70.912004,43.319821],[-70.93711,43.337367],[-70.956528,43.334691],[-70.967229,43.343777],[-70.985965,43.380023],[-70.98739,43.393457],[-70.982565,43.39778],[-70.987249,43.411863],[-70.96115,43.438321],[-70.9669,43.450458],[-70.961428,43.469696],[-70.974245,43.47742],[-70.967968,43.480783],[-70.954755,43.509802],[-70.954066,43.52261],[-70.963281,43.538929],[-70.950838,43.551026],[-70.972716,43.570255],[-70.989037,43.792154],[-71.031039,44.655455],[-71.084334,45.305293],[-71.059265,45.313753],[-71.030565,45.312652],[-71.00905,45.319022],[-71.002563,45.327819],[-71.011144,45.334679],[-71.01081,45.34725],[-70.985595,45.332188],[-70.950824,45.33453],[-70.939188,45.320177],[-70.917904,45.311924],[-70.912111,45.296197],[-70.9217,45.279445],[-70.898565,45.258502],[-70.898482,45.244088],[-70.885029,45.234873],[-70.857042,45.22916],[-70.83877,45.237555],[-70.848319,45.244707],[-70.848554,45.263325],[-70.839042,45.269132],[-70.829661,45.290369],[-70.812338,45.302006],[-70.808613,45.311606],[-70.808322,45.325824],[-70.816585,45.330554],[-70.819828,45.340109],[-70.81445,45.356544],[-70.803848,45.364247],[-70.806244,45.376558],[-70.826033,45.398408],[-70.795009,45.428145],[-70.755567,45.428361],[-70.744077,45.421091],[-70.743775,45.411925],[-70.729972,45.399359],[-70.712286,45.390611],[-70.677995,45.394362],[-70.66116,45.386039],[-70.660775,45.378176],[-70.651175,45.377123],[-70.634661,45.383608],[-70.631354,45.41634],[-70.635498,45.427817],[-70.649739,45.442771],[-70.674903,45.452399],[-70.691762,45.471233],[-70.717047,45.487732],[-70.721611,45.515058],[-70.687605,45.549099],[-70.688214,45.563981],[-70.659286,45.58688],[-70.644687,45.607083],[-70.592252,45.629865],[-70.5584,45.666671],[-70.525831,45.666551],[-70.469869,45.701639],[-70.438878,45.704387],[-70.400404,45.719834],[-70.383552,45.734869],[-70.388501,45.749717],[-70.406548,45.761813],[-70.417641,45.79377],[-70.395907,45.798885],[-70.39662,45.808486],[-70.387916,45.819043],[-70.34244,45.852192],[-70.306162,45.85974],[-70.259117,45.890755],[-70.253897,45.906524],[-70.263313,45.923832],[-70.240177,45.943729],[-70.26541,45.962692],[-70.31628,45.963113],[-70.307463,45.982541],[-70.284571,45.995384],[-70.303034,45.998976],[-70.317629,46.01908],[-70.278334,46.057019],[-70.284176,46.062758],[-70.310609,46.064544],[-70.284554,46.098713],[-70.254021,46.0996],[-70.255038,46.108348],[-70.237947,46.147378],[-70.278034,46.175001],[-70.292736,46.191599],[-70.272054,46.209833],[-70.248421,46.267072],[-70.232682,46.284428],[-70.205719,46.299865],[-70.203119,46.31438],[-70.208733,46.328961],[-70.191412,46.348072],[-70.174709,46.358472],[-70.148529,46.358923],[-70.129734,46.369384],[-70.125459,46.381352],[-70.11044,46.38611],[-70.096286,46.40943],[-70.057061,46.415036],[-69.997086,46.69523],[-69.22442,47.459686],[-69.203886,47.452203],[-69.178412,47.456615],[-69.146439,47.44886],[-69.082508,47.423976],[-69.061192,47.433052],[-69.043947,47.427634],[-69.036882,47.407977],[-69.045403,47.39191],[-69.039818,47.386309],[-69.053885,47.377878],[-69.054628,47.315911],[-69.049118,47.306471],[-69.052748,47.294403],[-69.047076,47.267089],[-69.050334,47.256621],[-69.033456,47.240984],[-68.966433,47.212712],[-68.96113,47.205582],[-68.942484,47.206386],[-68.920253,47.195048],[-68.919752,47.189859],[-68.902425,47.178839],[-68.857519,47.19095],[-68.812157,47.215461],[-68.764487,47.222331],[-68.717867,47.240919],[-68.705314,47.238066],[-68.687662,47.244215],[-68.664071,47.236762],[-68.619749,47.243218],[-68.595427,47.257698],[-68.59688,47.271731],[-68.578551,47.287551],[-68.553896,47.28225],[-68.517982,47.296092],[-68.474851,47.297534],[-68.448844,47.282547],[-68.378678,47.287561],[-68.376319,47.294257],[-68.384706,47.305094],[-68.380334,47.340242],[-68.355171,47.35707],[-68.329879,47.36023],[-68.303778,47.355524],[-68.284101,47.360389],[-68.265138,47.352543],[-68.234604,47.355035],[-68.214551,47.339637],[-68.15515,47.32542],[-68.152302,47.309878],[-68.137059,47.296068],[-68.082896,47.271921],[-68.074061,47.259764],[-68.019724,47.238036],[-67.991871,47.212042],[-67.955669,47.199542],[-67.935868,47.164843],[-67.893266,47.129943],[-67.881302,47.103913],[-67.790515,47.067921],[-67.781095,45.943032],[-67.777626,45.934207],[-67.750422,45.917898],[-67.763725,45.91043],[-67.767827,45.898568],[-67.803318,45.883718],[-67.803678,45.869379],[-67.796514,45.859961],[-67.755068,45.82367],[-67.780507,45.817622],[-67.801989,45.803546],[-67.806598,45.794723],[-67.806308,45.755405],[-67.793083,45.750559],[-67.781892,45.731189],[-67.809833,45.729274],[-67.803148,45.696127],[-67.817892,45.693705],[-67.803313,45.677886],[-67.768648,45.677581],[-67.754245,45.667791],[-67.720401,45.662522],[-67.71799,45.665243],[-67.73372,45.684233],[-67.734605,45.688987],[-67.729908,45.689012],[-67.710464,45.679372],[-67.675417,45.630959],[-67.64581,45.613597],[-67.640238,45.616178],[-67.644206,45.62322],[-67.639741,45.624771],[-67.606172,45.606533],[-67.499444,45.587014],[-67.488452,45.594643],[-67.491061,45.598917],[-67.455406,45.604665],[-67.429716,45.583773],[-67.420976,45.550029],[-67.425399,45.540795],[-67.432236,45.541023],[-67.435275,45.530781],[-67.432207,45.519996],[-67.416416,45.503515],[-67.462882,45.508691],[-67.470732,45.500067],[-67.503088,45.489688],[-67.499767,45.47805],[-67.482353,45.460825],[-67.484328,45.451955],[-67.473366,45.425328],[-67.430001,45.392965],[-67.418747,45.37726],[-67.434281,45.365438],[-67.427797,45.355471],[-67.434996,45.340133],[-67.456288,45.32644],[-67.452267,45.316839],[-67.460554,45.300379],[-67.466091,45.29416],[-67.485683,45.291433],[-67.489464,45.282653],[-67.46357,45.244097],[-67.453473,45.241127],[-67.43998,45.227047],[-67.428889,45.193213],[-67.407139,45.179425],[-67.404629,45.159926],[-67.383635,45.152259],[-67.345585,45.126392],[-67.294881,45.149666],[-67.302568,45.161348],[-67.291417,45.17145],[-67.290603,45.187589],[-67.283619,45.192022],[-67.246697,45.180765],[-67.242293,45.17224],[-67.227324,45.163652],[-67.203933,45.171407],[-67.157919,45.161004],[-67.112414,45.112323],[-67.090786,45.068721],[-67.105899,45.065786],[-67.117688,45.05673],[-67.082074,45.029608],[-67.068274,45.001014],[-67.05461,44.986764],[-67.033474,44.939923],[-66.984466,44.912557],[-66.990351,44.882551],[-66.978142,44.856963],[-66.996523,44.844654],[-66.986318,44.820657],[-66.975009,44.815495],[-66.952112,44.82007],[-66.950569,44.814539],[-66.961068,44.807269],[-66.979708,44.80736],[-67.02615,44.768199],[-67.04335,44.765071],[-67.05516,44.771442],[-67.062239,44.769543],[-67.073439,44.741957],[-67.098931,44.741311],[-67.103957,44.717444],[-67.128792,44.695421],[-67.139209,44.693849],[-67.155119,44.66944],[-67.169857,44.662105],[-67.186612,44.66265],[-67.192068,44.655515],[-67.189427,44.645533],[-67.234275,44.637201],[-67.251247,44.640825],[-67.274122,44.626345],[-67.27706,44.61795],[-67.273076,44.610873],[-67.293403,44.599265],[-67.314938,44.598215],[-67.32297,44.609394],[-67.310745,44.613212],[-67.293665,44.634316],[-67.292462,44.648455],[-67.309627,44.659316],[-67.307909,44.691295],[-67.300144,44.696752],[-67.299176,44.705705],[-67.308538,44.707454],[-67.355966,44.69906],[-67.376742,44.681852],[-67.381149,44.66947],[-67.367298,44.652472],[-67.363158,44.631825],[-67.377554,44.619757],[-67.386605,44.626974],[-67.405492,44.594236],[-67.428367,44.609136],[-67.457747,44.598014],[-67.492373,44.61795],[-67.493632,44.628863],[-67.505804,44.636837],[-67.522802,44.63306],[-67.530777,44.621938],[-67.543368,44.626554],[-67.551133,44.621938],[-67.575056,44.560659],[-67.562321,44.539435],[-67.568159,44.531117],[-67.648506,44.525403],[-67.660678,44.537575],[-67.685861,44.537155],[-67.702649,44.527922],[-67.698872,44.51575],[-67.71419,44.495238],[-67.733986,44.496252],[-67.743353,44.497418],[-67.742942,44.526453],[-67.753854,44.543661],[-67.774001,44.547438],[-67.779457,44.543661],[-67.781556,44.520577],[-67.79726,44.520685],[-67.808837,44.544081],[-67.839896,44.558771],[-67.845772,44.551636],[-67.843254,44.542822],[-67.856684,44.523934],[-67.851648,44.484901],[-67.868774,44.465272],[-67.868875,44.456881],[-67.851764,44.428695],[-67.855108,44.419434],[-67.868856,44.424672],[-67.878509,44.435585],[-67.887323,44.433066],[-67.899571,44.394078],[-67.913346,44.430128],[-67.926357,44.431807],[-67.931453,44.411848],[-67.955737,44.416278],[-67.961613,44.4125],[-67.961613,44.39907],[-67.978876,44.387034],[-67.985668,44.386917],[-68.000646,44.406624],[-68.010719,44.407464],[-68.019533,44.396971],[-68.01399,44.390255],[-68.034223,44.360456],[-68.044296,44.357938],[-68.043037,44.343667],[-68.049334,44.33073],[-68.067047,44.335692],[-68.076066,44.347925],[-68.077873,44.373047],[-68.086268,44.376405],[-68.092983,44.370949],[-68.11229,44.401588],[-68.119845,44.445658],[-68.117746,44.475038],[-68.150904,44.482383],[-68.17105,44.470211],[-68.194554,44.47189],[-68.189517,44.478605],[-68.192036,44.487419],[-68.213861,44.492456],[-68.223934,44.487],[-68.224354,44.464335],[-68.22939,44.463496],[-68.2445,44.471051],[-68.252474,44.483222],[-68.261708,44.484062],[-68.270522,44.459718],[-68.281015,44.451324],[-68.298223,44.449225],[-68.299063,44.437893],[-68.294865,44.432857],[-68.268423,44.440411],[-68.247438,44.433276],[-68.24366,44.420685],[-68.249956,44.414809],[-68.21554,44.390466],[-68.20354,44.392365],[-68.184532,44.369145],[-68.173608,44.328397],[-68.191924,44.306675],[-68.233435,44.288578],[-68.275139,44.288895],[-68.289409,44.283858],[-68.298223,44.276303],[-68.298643,44.26665],[-68.290818,44.247673],[-68.317588,44.225101],[-68.339498,44.222893],[-68.343132,44.229505],[-68.377982,44.247563],[-68.401268,44.252244],[-68.430946,44.298624],[-68.430853,44.312609],[-68.409027,44.32562],[-68.421619,44.336113],[-68.409867,44.356259],[-68.396552,44.363941],[-68.398035,44.376191],[-68.3581,44.392337],[-68.359082,44.402847],[-68.3791,44.430049],[-68.387678,44.430936],[-68.392559,44.41807],[-68.416412,44.397973],[-68.427874,44.3968],[-68.433901,44.401534],[-68.429648,44.439136],[-68.439281,44.448043],[-68.455095,44.447498],[-68.46382,44.436592],[-68.458849,44.412141],[-68.464106,44.398078],[-68.461072,44.378504],[-68.466109,44.377245],[-68.47828,44.378084],[-68.483317,44.388157],[-68.472824,44.404106],[-68.480379,44.432647],[-68.485415,44.434326],[-68.494649,44.429709],[-68.499686,44.414179],[-68.51452,44.41334],[-68.529905,44.39907],[-68.555088,44.403687],[-68.565161,44.39907],[-68.564741,44.385219],[-68.559285,44.374307],[-68.550051,44.371788],[-68.545434,44.355],[-68.563209,44.333039],[-68.566203,44.313007],[-68.556236,44.300819],[-68.538595,44.299902],[-68.531532,44.290388],[-68.528611,44.276117],[-68.519516,44.265046],[-68.529802,44.249594],[-68.525302,44.227554],[-68.550802,44.236534],[-68.603385,44.27471],[-68.682979,44.299201],[-68.733004,44.328388],[-68.762021,44.329597],[-68.795063,44.30786],[-68.827197,44.31216],[-68.825419,44.334547],[-68.814811,44.362194],[-68.821767,44.40894],[-68.815325,44.42808],[-68.801634,44.434803],[-68.783679,44.473879],[-68.829153,44.462242],[-68.880271,44.428112],[-68.897104,44.450643],[-68.927452,44.448039],[-68.931934,44.43869],[-68.946582,44.429108],[-68.982449,44.426195],[-68.990767,44.415033],[-68.978815,44.38634],[-68.961111,44.375076],[-68.948164,44.355882],[-68.954465,44.32405],[-68.979005,44.296327],[-69.003682,44.294582],[-69.005071,44.274071],[-69.040193,44.233673],[-69.054546,44.171542],[-69.079835,44.160953],[-69.075667,44.129991],[-69.080331,44.117824],[-69.100863,44.104529],[-69.101107,44.093601],[-69.092,44.085734],[-69.050814,44.094888],[-69.031878,44.079036],[-69.048917,44.062506],[-69.056093,44.06949],[-69.067876,44.067596],[-69.079805,44.055256],[-69.073767,44.046135],[-69.125738,44.019623],[-69.124475,44.007419],[-69.170345,43.995637],[-69.193805,43.975543],[-69.19633,43.950504],[-69.203668,43.941806],[-69.259838,43.921427],[-69.267515,43.943667],[-69.280498,43.95744],[-69.31427,43.942951],[-69.319751,43.94487],[-69.304301,43.962068],[-69.331411,43.974311],[-69.351961,43.974748],[-69.366702,43.964755],[-69.388059,43.96434],[-69.398455,43.971804],[-69.421072,43.938261],[-69.423324,43.915507],[-69.459637,43.903316],[-69.483498,43.88028],[-69.50329,43.837673],[-69.514889,43.831298],[-69.513267,43.84479],[-69.520301,43.868498],[-69.524673,43.875639],[-69.543912,43.881615],[-69.54945,43.880012],[-69.545028,43.861241],[-69.552606,43.841347],[-69.572697,43.844012],[-69.578527,43.823316],[-69.588551,43.81836],[-69.604179,43.813551],[-69.604616,43.825793],[-69.592373,43.830895],[-69.589167,43.851299],[-69.594705,43.858878],[-69.604616,43.858004],[-69.621086,43.826814],[-69.634932,43.845907],[-69.649798,43.836287],[-69.653337,43.79103],[-69.664922,43.791033],[-69.685579,43.820546],[-69.705838,43.823024],[-69.714873,43.810264],[-69.719723,43.786685],[-69.752801,43.75594],[-69.780097,43.755397],[-69.778494,43.747089],[-69.835323,43.721125],[-69.838689,43.70514],[-69.851297,43.703581],[-69.855081,43.704746],[-69.858947,43.740531],[-69.868673,43.742701],[-69.862155,43.758962],[-69.869732,43.775656],[-69.884066,43.778035],[-69.903164,43.77239],[-69.927011,43.780174],[-69.948539,43.765948],[-69.958056,43.767786],[-69.982574,43.750801],[-69.992615,43.724793],[-70.001645,43.717666],[-70.006954,43.717065],[-69.998793,43.740385],[-70.001708,43.744466],[-70.041351,43.738053],[-70.034355,43.759041],[-69.99821,43.798684],[-70.002874,43.812093],[-70.011035,43.810927],[-70.026193,43.822587],[-70.023278,43.834247],[-70.002874,43.848239],[-70.009869,43.859315],[-70.019197,43.858733],[-70.064671,43.813259],[-70.06642,43.819672],[-70.080995,43.819672],[-70.107229,43.809178],[-70.142792,43.791688],[-70.153869,43.781194],[-70.153869,43.774781],[-70.176023,43.76079],[-70.17544,43.777113],[-70.190014,43.771866],[-70.197593,43.753211],[-70.194678,43.742134],[-70.217998,43.71998],[-70.216832,43.704822],[-70.23199,43.704822],[-70.251812,43.683251],[-70.254144,43.676839],[-70.242289,43.669544],[-70.240987,43.659132],[-70.211204,43.625765],[-70.217087,43.596717],[-70.214369,43.590445],[-70.20112,43.586515],[-70.196911,43.565146],[-70.206123,43.557627],[-70.231963,43.561118],[-70.244331,43.551849],[-70.261917,43.553687],[-70.272497,43.562616],[-70.307764,43.544315],[-70.353392,43.535405]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Maine\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: December 21, 2020; Version 1.1: July 1, 2022; Version 1.2: May 16, 2023","contact":"

Program Coordinator, National Land Imaging Program 
U.S. Geological Survey 
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192

Contact Pubs Warehouse

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2020-12-21","revisedDate":"2023-05-16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":210377,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey","id":807116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70216966,"text":"fs20203065 - 2020 - Ohio and Landsat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-18T19:57:05.559138","indexId":"fs20203065","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-21T17:10:58","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-3065","displayTitle":"Ohio and Landsat","title":"Ohio and Landsat","docAbstract":"

In Ohio, remote-sensing systems such as Landsat play an important role in monitoring natural resources and informing management decisions on everything from dangerous freshwater algal blooms to gypsy moth defoliation and more. Landsat imagery underpins public and private sector decisions in Ohio and across the Nation for effective adaptation to changing landscapes. Those decisions lead to enhanced agricultural productivity, smart urban development, sustainable forest management, and inland lake water-quality monitoring.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20203065","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2020, Ohio and Landsat (ver. 1.1, September 2022): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2020–3065, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20203065.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-123277","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406976,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3065/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"3.44 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":406977,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3065/fs20203065.XML"},{"id":381522,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3065/coverthb3.jpg"},{"id":406975,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3065/fs20203065.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.81 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2020–3065"},{"id":501276,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_110828.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":406987,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/fs20203065/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":406978,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3065/images"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-82.835118,41.708971],[-82.82572,41.72281],[-82.820409,41.724549],[-82.810487,41.720524],[-82.782719,41.694003],[-82.793069,41.664692],[-82.827011,41.633701],[-82.842099,41.628323],[-82.843602,41.647009],[-82.835118,41.708971]]],[[[-82.700208,41.61219],[-82.691123,41.611331],[-82.68015,41.61897],[-82.677772,41.617986],[-82.680669,41.594611],[-82.686033,41.587246],[-82.702027,41.585437],[-82.735766,41.600982],[-82.735707,41.603361],[-82.718802,41.619629],[-82.70731,41.619609],[-82.703438,41.617734],[-82.700208,41.61219]]],[[[-81.725583,39.215835],[-81.733357,39.205868],[-81.737085,39.193836],[-81.741533,39.189596],[-81.752754,39.184676],[-81.755754,39.180976],[-81.756254,39.177276],[-81.743565,39.141933],[-81.744838,39.130898],[-81.742153,39.116777],[-81.745453,39.098078],[-81.752353,39.089878],[-81.760753,39.084078],[-81.775554,39.078378],[-81.785554,39.078578],[-81.803055,39.083878],[-81.810655,39.083278],[-81.813855,39.079278],[-81.811655,39.059578],[-81.803355,39.047678],[-81.772854,39.026179],[-81.764253,39.015279],[-81.765153,39.002579],[-81.774062,38.993682],[-81.776723,38.985142],[-81.775734,38.980737],[-81.78182,38.964935],[-81.778845,38.955892],[-81.756975,38.937152],[-81.756131,38.933545],[-81.759995,38.925828],[-81.76976,38.92273],[-81.781248,38.924804],[-81.793372,38.930204],[-81.806137,38.942112],[-81.814235,38.946168],[-81.827354,38.945898],[-81.831516,38.943697],[-81.844486,38.928746],[-81.845312,38.910088],[-81.848653,38.901407],[-81.855971,38.892734],[-81.889233,38.874279],[-81.898541,38.874582],[-81.910312,38.879294],[-81.928,38.893492],[-81.926671,38.901311],[-81.90091,38.924338],[-81.89847,38.929603],[-81.900595,38.937671],[-81.933186,38.987659],[-81.941829,38.993295],[-81.951447,38.996032],[-81.967769,38.992955],[-81.979371,38.993193],[-81.982032,38.995697],[-81.987061,39.011978],[-81.994961,39.022478],[-82.002261,39.027878],[-82.017562,39.030078],[-82.035963,39.025478],[-82.041563,39.017878],[-82.045663,39.003778],[-82.051563,38.994378],[-82.091565,38.973778],[-82.094865,38.964578],[-82.109065,38.945579],[-82.111666,38.932579],[-82.128866,38.909979],[-82.143167,38.898079],[-82.145267,38.883479],[-82.139224,38.86502],[-82.144867,38.84048],[-82.16157,38.824632],[-82.179478,38.817376],[-82.191172,38.815137],[-82.20929,38.802672],[-82.217269,38.79568],[-82.221566,38.787187],[-82.220449,38.773739],[-82.216614,38.76835],[-82.198882,38.757725],[-82.195606,38.752441],[-82.193268,38.741182],[-82.188268,38.734082],[-82.182467,38.708782],[-82.190167,38.687382],[-82.190867,38.680383],[-82.186067,38.666783],[-82.185567,38.659583],[-82.179067,38.648883],[-82.172667,38.629684],[-82.172066,38.619284],[-82.177267,38.603784],[-82.188767,38.594984],[-82.205171,38.591719],[-82.222168,38.591384],[-82.245969,38.598483],[-82.26207,38.598183],[-82.27427,38.593683],[-82.291271,38.578983],[-82.293871,38.572683],[-82.293271,38.560283],[-82.295671,38.538483],[-82.303971,38.517683],[-82.304223,38.496308],[-82.310639,38.483172],[-82.318111,38.457876],[-82.323999,38.449268],[-82.330335,38.4445],[-82.34064,38.440948],[-82.381773,38.434783],[-82.389746,38.434355],[-82.404882,38.439347],[-82.529579,38.405182],[-82.549799,38.403202],[-82.569368,38.406258],[-82.588249,38.415489],[-82.596921,38.426705],[-82.600761,38.437425],[-82.604089,38.459841],[-82.610458,38.471457],[-82.618474,38.477089],[-82.637707,38.484449],[-82.657051,38.496816],[-82.675724,38.515504],[-82.689965,38.53592],[-82.700045,38.544336],[-82.730958,38.559264],[-82.763695,38.560399],[-82.779472,38.559023],[-82.800112,38.563183],[-82.820161,38.572703],[-82.844306,38.590862],[-82.854291,38.613454],[-82.856791,38.632878],[-82.856291,38.646078],[-82.859391,38.660378],[-82.863291,38.669277],[-82.874892,38.682827],[-82.877592,38.690177],[-82.870392,38.722077],[-82.871292,38.739376],[-82.879492,38.751476],[-82.889193,38.756076],[-82.894193,38.756576],[-82.923694,38.750076],[-82.943147,38.74328],[-82.968695,38.728776],[-82.979395,38.725976],[-83.011816,38.730057],[-83.030702,38.72572],[-83.053104,38.695831],[-83.064319,38.688976],[-83.084226,38.68109],[-83.102746,38.677316],[-83.112372,38.671685],[-83.122547,38.6592],[-83.128973,38.640231],[-83.135046,38.631719],[-83.142836,38.625076],[-83.156926,38.620547],[-83.202453,38.616956],[-83.211027,38.618578],[-83.232404,38.627569],[-83.245572,38.627936],[-83.254558,38.623403],[-83.264011,38.621535],[-83.26851,38.615104],[-83.286514,38.599241],[-83.294193,38.596588],[-83.307832,38.600824],[-83.317542,38.609242],[-83.322383,38.630615],[-83.327636,38.637489],[-83.356445,38.654009],[-83.384755,38.663171],[-83.420194,38.668428],[-83.446989,38.670143],[-83.468059,38.67547],[-83.493342,38.694187],[-83.504365,38.699256],[-83.520953,38.703045],[-83.533339,38.702105],[-83.569098,38.692842],[-83.615736,38.684145],[-83.626922,38.679387],[-83.636208,38.670584],[-83.642994,38.643273],[-83.649737,38.632753],[-83.663911,38.62793],[-83.679484,38.630036],[-83.704006,38.639724],[-83.713405,38.641591],[-83.720779,38.646704],[-83.74992,38.649613],[-83.769347,38.65522],[-83.775761,38.666748],[-83.78362,38.695641],[-83.787113,38.699489],[-83.798549,38.704668],[-83.821854,38.709575],[-83.836696,38.717857],[-83.841689,38.724264],[-83.846207,38.74229],[-83.852085,38.751433],[-83.859028,38.756793],[-83.873168,38.762418],[-83.926986,38.771562],[-83.928454,38.774583],[-83.943978,38.783616],[-83.962123,38.787384],[-83.978814,38.787104],[-84.044486,38.770572],[-84.071491,38.770475],[-84.108836,38.779247],[-84.135088,38.789485],[-84.155912,38.794909],[-84.198358,38.80092],[-84.212904,38.805707],[-84.2253,38.817665],[-84.231306,38.830552],[-84.233727,38.853576],[-84.232132,38.880483],[-84.234453,38.893226],[-84.25701,38.923208],[-84.279916,38.945168],[-84.288164,38.955789],[-84.295076,38.968295],[-84.297255,38.989694],[-84.304698,39.006455],[-84.31368,39.016981],[-84.326539,39.027463],[-84.346039,39.036963],[-84.360439,39.041362],[-84.38684,39.045162],[-84.406941,39.045662],[-84.42573,39.053059],[-84.429841,39.058262],[-84.432341,39.067561],[-84.432941,39.083961],[-84.434641,39.086861],[-84.432841,39.094261],[-84.435541,39.102261],[-84.445242,39.114461],[-84.455342,39.12036],[-84.470542,39.12146],[-84.476243,39.11916],[-84.487743,39.11076],[-84.496543,39.10026],[-84.509743,39.09366],[-84.524644,39.09216],[-84.541344,39.09916],[-84.550844,39.09936],[-84.572144,39.08206],[-84.607928,39.073238],[-84.620112,39.073457],[-84.632446,39.07676],[-84.657246,39.09546],[-84.684847,39.100459],[-84.718548,39.137059],[-84.732048,39.144458],[-84.744149,39.147458],[-84.754449,39.146658],[-84.766749,39.138558],[-84.78768,39.115297],[-84.820157,39.10548],[-84.819451,39.305152],[-84.814955,39.566251],[-84.814179,39.814212],[-84.803918,40.310094],[-84.804504,40.411555],[-84.802547,40.50181],[-84.803919,41.435531],[-84.806082,41.696089],[-84.360546,41.706621],[-83.453832,41.732647],[-83.455626,41.727445],[-83.446032,41.706847],[-83.409531,41.691247],[-83.39263,41.691947],[-83.37573,41.686647],[-83.357073,41.687763],[-83.341817,41.693518],[-83.337985,41.698682],[-83.337977,41.70341],[-83.326825,41.701562],[-83.293928,41.680846],[-83.29068,41.676794],[-83.238191,41.651167],[-83.23166,41.644218],[-83.194524,41.631008],[-83.145887,41.617904],[-83.103928,41.613558],[-83.086036,41.60668],[-83.066593,41.59534],[-83.043287,41.568205],[-83.028072,41.555656],[-82.999916,41.538534],[-82.96985,41.524327],[-82.934369,41.514353],[-82.897728,41.519241],[-82.875229,41.529684],[-82.85677,41.548262],[-82.855197,41.564114],[-82.859531,41.576371],[-82.852957,41.583327],[-82.834101,41.587587],[-82.820207,41.570664],[-82.794324,41.546486],[-82.785496,41.540675],[-82.77201,41.54058],[-82.749907,41.54647],[-82.717878,41.54193],[-82.711332,41.53695],[-82.711632,41.527201],[-82.721914,41.516677],[-82.713904,41.501697],[-82.710013,41.49759],[-82.687921,41.492324],[-82.658302,41.461878],[-82.617745,41.431833],[-82.616952,41.428425],[-82.55808,41.400005],[-82.513827,41.384257],[-82.499099,41.381541],[-82.481214,41.381342],[-82.460599,41.386316],[-82.431315,41.396866],[-82.398086,41.413945],[-82.361784,41.426644],[-82.334182,41.430243],[-82.29158,41.428442],[-82.268479,41.430842],[-82.254678,41.434441],[-82.193375,41.46454],[-82.184774,41.47404],[-82.181598,41.471634],[-82.165373,41.47444],[-82.094169,41.495039],[-82.011966,41.515639],[-81.994565,41.51444],[-81.964912,41.505446],[-81.958463,41.498642],[-81.937862,41.491443],[-81.87736,41.483445],[-81.860262,41.483841],[-81.810992,41.495592],[-81.794449,41.49663],[-81.782258,41.49605],[-81.744755,41.48715],[-81.738755,41.48855],[-81.710986,41.501734],[-81.664884,41.53143],[-81.633652,41.540458],[-81.599747,41.560649],[-81.529955,41.614374],[-81.50044,41.623448],[-81.48864,41.631348],[-81.466038,41.649148],[-81.441339,41.674074],[-81.353229,41.727743],[-81.301626,41.750543],[-81.286925,41.760243],[-81.264224,41.758143],[-81.248672,41.761291],[-81.112885,41.817571],[-81.092716,41.822988],[-81.05192,41.839557],[-81.024525,41.846469],[-81.01049,41.853962],[-80.936244,41.862352],[-80.900342,41.868912],[-80.814943,41.897694],[-80.799822,41.909749],[-80.784682,41.911525],[-80.782052,41.906635],[-80.757945,41.913352],[-80.720816,41.919744],[-80.581882,41.95761],[-80.519461,41.977513],[-80.518991,40.638801],[-80.551126,40.628847],[-80.56784,40.617552],[-80.576736,40.614224],[-80.583633,40.61552],[-80.592049,40.622496],[-80.598764,40.625263],[-80.627171,40.619936],[-80.634355,40.616095],[-80.651716,40.597744],[-80.662564,40.5916],[-80.667957,40.582496],[-80.666917,40.573664],[-80.652436,40.562544],[-80.633107,40.538705],[-80.627507,40.535793],[-80.618003,40.502049],[-80.609058,40.489506],[-80.599194,40.482566],[-80.595494,40.475266],[-80.596094,40.463366],[-80.612295,40.434867],[-80.612195,40.402667],[-80.615195,40.399867],[-80.632196,40.393667],[-80.633596,40.390467],[-80.631596,40.385468],[-80.619196,40.381768],[-80.609695,40.374968],[-80.607595,40.369568],[-80.612796,40.347668],[-80.610796,40.340868],[-80.602895,40.327869],[-80.599895,40.317669],[-80.602895,40.307069],[-80.614896,40.291969],[-80.616796,40.285269],[-80.616196,40.27227],[-80.619297,40.26517],[-80.622497,40.26177],[-80.644598,40.25127],[-80.652098,40.24497],[-80.661543,40.229798],[-80.6681,40.199671],[-80.6726,40.192371],[-80.686137,40.181607],[-80.704602,40.154823],[-80.710042,40.138311],[-80.710554,40.125271],[-80.706702,40.110872],[-80.709102,40.101472],[-80.713003,40.096872],[-80.730704,40.086472],[-80.738604,40.075672],[-80.737104,40.064972],[-80.733104,40.058772],[-80.730904,40.046672],[-80.731504,40.037472],[-80.737389,40.027593],[-80.741901,40.007929],[-80.738717,39.985113],[-80.740126,39.970793],[-80.758527,39.959241],[-80.764479,39.95025],[-80.761312,39.929098],[-80.756784,39.920586],[-80.756432,39.91393],[-80.759296,39.909466],[-80.762592,39.908906],[-80.772641,39.911306],[-80.782849,39.917162],[-80.795714,39.91969],[-80.806018,39.91713],[-80.809283,39.910314],[-80.809011,39.903226],[-80.802339,39.89161],[-80.793989,39.882787],[-80.790156,39.872252],[-80.790761,39.86728],[-80.799898,39.858912],[-80.821279,39.849982],[-80.826124,39.844238],[-80.826228,39.835802],[-80.82248,39.824971],[-80.822181,39.811708],[-80.826079,39.798584],[-80.835311,39.79069],[-80.863048,39.775197],[-80.869092,39.766364],[-80.869933,39.763555],[-80.865339,39.753251],[-80.854717,39.742592],[-80.846091,39.737812],[-80.831551,39.719475],[-80.829764,39.711839],[-80.831871,39.705655],[-80.839112,39.701033],[-80.854599,39.697473],[-80.863698,39.691724],[-80.86633,39.683167],[-80.866647,39.652616],[-80.876002,39.627084],[-80.88036,39.620706],[-80.892208,39.616756],[-80.91762,39.618703],[-80.925841,39.617396],[-80.936906,39.612616],[-80.970436,39.590127],[-80.993695,39.571253],[-81.020055,39.55541],[-81.030169,39.545211],[-81.044902,39.5363],[-81.070594,39.515991],[-81.100833,39.487175],[-81.114433,39.466275],[-81.132534,39.446275],[-81.138134,39.443775],[-81.152534,39.443175],[-81.170634,39.439175],[-81.185946,39.430731],[-81.190714,39.423562],[-81.208231,39.407147],[-81.211433,39.402031],[-81.211654,39.392977],[-81.217315,39.38759],[-81.223581,39.386062],[-81.24184,39.390276],[-81.270716,39.385914],[-81.281405,39.379258],[-81.297517,39.374378],[-81.347567,39.34577],[-81.375961,39.341697],[-81.384556,39.343449],[-81.393794,39.351706],[-81.406689,39.38809],[-81.412706,39.394618],[-81.435642,39.408474],[-81.446543,39.410374],[-81.456143,39.409274],[-81.473188,39.40017],[-81.489044,39.384074],[-81.503189,39.373242],[-81.542346,39.352874],[-81.557547,39.338774],[-81.565047,39.293874],[-81.565247,39.276175],[-81.570247,39.267675],[-81.585559,39.268747],[-81.59516,39.273387],[-81.608408,39.276043],[-81.621305,39.273643],[-81.656138,39.277355],[-81.678331,39.273755],[-81.689483,39.266043],[-81.69638,39.257035],[-81.696636,39.246123],[-81.691067,39.230139],[-81.692395,39.226443],[-81.700908,39.220844],[-81.725583,39.215835]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Ohio\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.1: September 2022; Version 1.0: December 2022","contact":"

Program Coordinator, National Land Imaging Program 
U.S. Geological Survey 
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192

Contact Pubs Warehouse

","tableOfContents":"


","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2020-12-21","revisedDate":"2022-09-19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128037,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey","id":807115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70216958,"text":"fs20203060 - 2020 - New Mexico and Landsat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-18T19:55:22.194804","indexId":"fs20203060","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-21T17:10:39","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-3060","displayTitle":"New Mexico and Landsat","title":"New Mexico and Landsat","docAbstract":"

New Mexico relies on observations from the Landsat series of satellites operated by the U.S. Geological Survey. Data from Landsat also assist New Mexico in managing its precious water resources for agriculture, recreation, and industrial and community consumption. Landsat supports a variety of public and private sector decisions across New Mexico and the Nation for effective adaptation to changing landscapes.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20203060","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2020, New Mexico and Landsat (ver. 1.1, July 2022): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2020–3060, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20203060.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-122898","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":403477,"rank":4,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/fs20203060/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":381488,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3060/coverthb3.jpg"},{"id":403475,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3060/fs20203060.pdf","text":"Report","size":"23.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2020–3060"},{"id":403478,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3060/images"},{"id":403476,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3060/versionHist.txt","size":"2.61 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":403480,"rank":6,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3060/fs20203060.XML"},{"id":501275,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_110829.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-105.998003,32.002328],[-106.099756,32.002492],[-106.125534,32.002533],[-106.18184,32.00205],[-106.200699,32.001785],[-106.205915,32.001762],[-106.313307,32.001512],[-106.376861,32.001172],[-106.377165,32.001177],[-106.394298,32.001484],[-106.411075,32.001334],[-106.565142,32.000736],[-106.566056,32.000759],[-106.587972,32.000749],[-106.595333,32.000778],[-106.598639,32.000754],[-106.599096,32.000731],[-106.618486,32.000495],[-106.619448,31.994733],[-106.623568,31.990999],[-106.631182,31.989809],[-106.636492,31.985719],[-106.639529,31.980348],[-106.638186,31.97682],[-106.630114,31.971258],[-106.626466,31.97069],[-106.623216,31.97291],[-106.621873,31.972933],[-106.619569,31.971578],[-106.618745,31.966955],[-106.619371,31.964777],[-106.620454,31.963403],[-106.624299,31.961054],[-106.625535,31.957476],[-106.625123,31.954531],[-106.622819,31.952891],[-106.617708,31.956008],[-106.614702,31.956],[-106.616136,31.948439],[-106.623659,31.94551],[-106.622377,31.940863],[-106.622117,31.936621],[-106.622529,31.934863],[-106.625322,31.930053],[-106.629747,31.92657],[-106.628663,31.923614],[-106.623933,31.925335],[-106.611846,31.920003],[-106.614346,31.918003],[-106.623445,31.914034],[-106.625947,31.912227],[-106.633668,31.90979],[-106.64084,31.904598],[-106.645479,31.89867],[-106.645646,31.895649],[-106.645296,31.894859],[-106.6429,31.892933],[-106.638154,31.891663],[-106.633927,31.889184],[-106.630692,31.886411],[-106.629197,31.883717],[-106.630799,31.879697],[-106.634873,31.874478],[-106.63588,31.871514],[-106.635926,31.866235],[-106.627808,31.860593],[-106.625763,31.856276],[-106.621857,31.852854],[-106.614637,31.84649],[-106.605845,31.846305],[-106.605245,31.845905],[-106.602045,31.844405],[-106.601945,31.839605],[-106.605267,31.827912],[-106.602727,31.825024],[-106.593826,31.824901],[-106.589045,31.822706],[-106.588045,31.822106],[-106.582144,31.815506],[-106.581344,31.813906],[-106.577244,31.810406],[-106.570944,31.810206],[-106.566844,31.813306],[-106.563444,31.812606],[-106.562945,31.811104],[-106.558444,31.810406],[-106.547144,31.807305],[-106.545344,31.805007],[-106.544714,31.804287],[-106.542144,31.802107],[-106.542097,31.802146],[-106.535843,31.798607],[-106.535343,31.797507],[-106.535154,31.797089],[-106.534743,31.796107],[-106.533043,31.791907],[-106.533,31.791829],[-106.53248,31.791914],[-106.530515,31.792103],[-106.527943,31.790507],[-106.527738,31.789761],[-106.527623,31.789119],[-106.527997,31.786945],[-106.528543,31.784407],[-106.528543,31.783907],[-106.750547,31.783706],[-106.750547,31.783898],[-106.993544,31.783689],[-106.998235,31.783671],[-107.00056,31.783679],[-107.00056,31.783513],[-107.296824,31.783762],[-107.422246,31.783599],[-107.422495,31.783599],[-108.208394,31.783599],[-108.208087,31.613489],[-108.208521,31.499798],[-108.208572,31.499742],[-108.208573,31.333395],[-108.707657,31.333191],[-108.788711,31.332365],[-108.851105,31.332301],[-108.861028,31.332315],[-109.050044,31.332502],[-109.050173,31.480004],[-109.049843,31.499515],[-109.049813,31.499528],[-109.049112,31.636598],[-109.049195,31.796551],[-109.048763,31.810776],[-109.049106,31.843715],[-109.048769,31.861383],[-109.04859,31.870791],[-109.048599,32.013651],[-109.048731,32.028174],[-109.048296,32.084093],[-109.048286,32.089114],[-109.047612,32.426377],[-109.047653,32.681379],[-109.047653,32.686327],[-109.047645,32.689988],[-109.047638,32.693439],[-109.047117,32.777569],[-109.047117,32.77757],[-109.04748,33.06842],[-109.047453,33.069427],[-109.046905,33.091931],[-109.047013,33.092917],[-109.047117,33.137559],[-109.047116,33.137995],[-109.047237,33.208965],[-109.04747,33.250063],[-109.046827,33.365272],[-109.046909,33.36557],[-109.047045,33.36928],[-109.04687,33.372654],[-109.046564,33.37506],[-109.047298,33.409783],[-109.046662,33.625055],[-109.047145,33.74001],[-109.046941,33.778233],[-109.046426,33.875052],[-109.047006,34.00005],[-109.046182,34.522393],[-109.046182,34.522553],[-109.046156,34.579291],[-109.046086,34.771016],[-109.045363,34.785406],[-109.046104,34.799981],[-109.045624,34.814226],[-109.046072,34.828566],[-109.045851,34.959718],[-109.046024,35.175499],[-109.046084,35.250025],[-109.046796,35.363606],[-109.046481,35.546326],[-109.046509,35.54644],[-109.046296,35.614251],[-109.046295,35.616517],[-109.046024,35.8798],[-109.046055,35.888721],[-109.046054,35.92586],[-109.046011,35.925896],[-109.045973,36.002338],[-109.045729,36.117028],[-109.046183,36.181751],[-109.045431,36.500001],[-109.045433,36.874589],[-109.045407,36.874998],[-109.045272,36.968871],[-109.045244,36.969489],[-109.045223,36.999084],[-108.958868,36.998913],[-108.954404,36.998906],[-108.620309,36.999287],[-108.619689,36.999249],[-108.379203,36.999459],[-108.320721,36.99951],[-108.320464,36.999499],[-108.2884,36.99952],[-108.288086,36.999555],[-108.250635,36.999561],[-108.249358,36.999015],[-108.000623,37.000001],[-107.481737,37.000005],[-107.420915,37.000005],[-107.420913,37.000005],[-106.877292,37.000139],[-106.869796,36.992426],[-106.750591,36.992461],[-106.675626,36.993123],[-106.661344,36.993243],[-106.628733,36.993161],[-106.628652,36.993175],[-106.617125,36.993004],[-106.617159,36.992967],[-106.500589,36.993768],[-106.47628,36.993839],[-106.343139,36.99423],[-106.293279,36.99389],[-106.248675,36.994288],[-106.247705,36.994266],[-106.201469,36.994122],[-106.006634,36.995343],[-105.997472,36.995417],[-105.996159,36.995418],[-105.71847,36.995846],[-105.716471,36.995849],[-105.66472,36.995874],[-105.62747,36.995679],[-105.533922,36.995875],[-105.512485,36.995777],[-105.508836,36.995895],[-105.465182,36.995991],[-105.447255,36.996017],[-105.442459,36.995994],[-105.41931,36.995856],[-105.251296,36.995605],[-105.220613,36.995169],[-105.155042,36.995339],[-105.1208,36.995428],[-105.029228,36.992729],[-105.000554,36.993264],[-104.73212,36.993484],[-104.732031,36.993447],[-104.645029,36.993378],[-104.625545,36.993599],[-104.624556,36.994377],[-104.519257,36.993766],[-104.338833,36.993535],[-104.250536,36.994644],[-104.007855,36.996239],[-103.734364,36.998041],[-103.733247,36.998016],[-103.155922,37.000232],[-103.086106,37.000174],[-103.002199,37.000104],[-103.002247,36.911587],[-103.001964,36.909573],[-103.002198,36.719427],[-103.002518,36.675186],[-103.002252,36.61718],[-103.002188,36.602716],[-103.002565,36.526588],[-103.002434,36.500397],[-103.041924,36.500439],[-103.041745,36.318267],[-103.041674,36.317534],[-103.040824,36.055231],[-103.041305,35.837694],[-103.042186,35.825217],[-103.041716,35.814072],[-103.041917,35.796441],[-103.041146,35.791583],[-103.041272,35.739274],[-103.041554,35.622487],[-103.042366,35.250056],[-103.042775,35.241237],[-103.042497,35.211862],[-103.042377,35.183156],[-103.042377,35.183149],[-103.042366,35.182786],[-103.042339,35.181922],[-103.042395,35.178573],[-103.042568,35.159318],[-103.042711,35.144735],[-103.0426,35.142766],[-103.04252,35.135596],[-103.043261,35.125058],[-103.042642,35.109913],[-103.042552,34.954101],[-103.042521,34.899546],[-103.042781,34.850243],[-103.04277,34.792224],[-103.042769,34.747361],[-103.042827,34.671188],[-103.043286,34.653099],[-103.043072,34.619782],[-103.043594,34.46266],[-103.043589,34.459774],[-103.043588,34.459662],[-103.043582,34.455657],[-103.043538,34.405463],[-103.043583,34.400678],[-103.043611,34.397105],[-103.043585,34.393716],[-103.043613,34.390442],[-103.043613,34.388679],[-103.043614,34.384969],[-103.04363,34.38469],[-103.043693,34.383578],[-103.043919,34.380916],[-103.043944,34.37966],[-103.043946,34.379555],[-103.043979,34.312764],[-103.043979,34.312749],[-103.043936,34.302585],[-103.043719,34.289441],[-103.043644,34.256903],[-103.043569,34.087947],[-103.043516,34.079382],[-103.043686,34.063078],[-103.043744,34.049986],[-103.043767,34.043545],[-103.043721,34.04232],[-103.043771,34.041538],[-103.043746,34.037294],[-103.043555,34.032714],[-103.043531,34.018014],[-103.043617,34.003633],[-103.04395,33.974629],[-103.044893,33.945617],[-103.045698,33.906299],[-103.045644,33.901537],[-103.046907,33.8503],[-103.047346,33.824675],[-103.049096,33.74627],[-103.049608,33.737766],[-103.050148,33.701971],[-103.050532,33.672408],[-103.051087,33.658186],[-103.051535,33.650487],[-103.051363,33.64195],[-103.051664,33.629489],[-103.05261,33.570599],[-103.056655,33.388438],[-103.056655,33.388416],[-103.057487,33.329477],[-103.057856,33.315234],[-103.059242,33.260371],[-103.05972,33.256262],[-103.060103,33.219225],[-103.063905,33.042055],[-103.06398,33.038693],[-103.064452,33.01029],[-103.064625,32.999899],[-103.064679,32.964373],[-103.064657,32.959097],[-103.064569,32.900014],[-103.064701,32.879355],[-103.064862,32.868346],[-103.064807,32.857696],[-103.064916,32.85726],[-103.064889,32.849359],[-103.064672,32.82847],[-103.064699,32.827531],[-103.064711,32.784593],[-103.064698,32.783602],[-103.064807,32.777303],[-103.064827,32.726628],[-103.064799,32.708694],[-103.064798,32.690761],[-103.064864,32.682647],[-103.064633,32.64642],[-103.064815,32.624537],[-103.064761,32.601863],[-103.064788,32.600397],[-103.064761,32.587983],[-103.064696,32.522193],[-103.064422,32.145006],[-103.064348,32.123041],[-103.064344,32.087051],[-103.064423,32.000518],[-103.085876,32.000465],[-103.088698,32.000453],[-103.215641,32.000513],[-103.267633,32.000475],[-103.267708,32.000324],[-103.270383,32.000326],[-103.278521,32.000419],[-103.326501,32.00037],[-103.722853,32.000208],[-103.748317,32.000198],[-103.875476,32.000554],[-103.980179,32.000125],[-104.024521,32.00001],[-104.531756,32.000117],[-104.531937,32.000311],[-104.640918,32.000396],[-104.643526,32.000443],[-104.847757,32.000482],[-104.918272,32.000496],[-105.077046,32.000579],[-105.078605,32.000533],[-105.11804,32.000485],[-105.131377,32.000524],[-105.132916,32.000518],[-105.14824,32.000485],[-105.15031,32.000497],[-105.153994,32.000497],[-105.390396,32.000607],[-105.427049,32.000638],[-105.428582,32.0006],[-105.429281,32.000577],[-105.731362,32.001564],[-105.750527,32.002206],[-105.854061,32.00235],[-105.886159,32.00197],[-105.9006,32.0021],[-105.998003,32.002328]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"New Mexico\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: December 21, 2020; Version 1.1: July 12, 2022","contact":"

Program Coordinator, National Land Imaging Program 
U.S. Geological Survey 
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192

Contact Pubs Warehouse

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2020-12-21","revisedDate":"2022-07-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":152492,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey","id":807088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70216957,"text":"fs20203059 - 2020 - Minnesota and Landsat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-22T21:11:01.604098","indexId":"fs20203059","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-21T17:10:13","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-3059","displayTitle":"Minnesota and Landsat","title":"Minnesota and Landsat","docAbstract":"

Landsat land-imaging satellites underpin public and private sector decisions in the Minnesota and across the Nation for effective adaptation to changing landscapes. Those decisions often lead to enhanced agricultural productivity, smart urban development, and sustainable forest management. Landsat also enables more accurate inland lake water-quality monitoring, increased disaster resilience and risk assessment, effective water use, more-informed climate research, and other applications.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20203059","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2020, Minnesota and Landsat (ver. 1.2, November 2024): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2020–3059, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20203059.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-123238","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381486,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3059/coverthb4.jpg"},{"id":464462,"rank":6,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3059/fs20203059.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.14 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2020–3059"},{"id":408393,"rank":2,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3059/fs20203059.XML"},{"id":408394,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3059/images"},{"id":408416,"rank":4,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20203059/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":464461,"rank":5,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3059/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":497905,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_110830.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-92.204691,46.704041],[-92.205192,46.698341],[-92.183091,46.695241],[-92.176091,46.686341],[-92.204092,46.666941],[-92.201592,46.656641],[-92.207092,46.651941],[-92.242493,46.649241],[-92.256592,46.658741],[-92.270592,46.650741],[-92.274392,46.657441],[-92.286192,46.660342],[-92.287392,46.667342],[-92.291292,46.668142],[-92.292192,46.663308],[-92.294033,46.074377],[-92.332912,46.062697],[-92.35176,46.015685],[-92.372717,46.014198],[-92.410649,46.027259],[-92.428555,46.024241],[-92.442259,46.016177],[-92.453373,45.992913],[-92.464512,45.985038],[-92.461138,45.980216],[-92.469354,45.973811],[-92.527052,45.983245],[-92.548459,45.969056],[-92.551186,45.95224],[-92.60246,45.940815],[-92.614314,45.934529],[-92.638824,45.934166],[-92.638474,45.925971],[-92.659549,45.922937],[-92.676167,45.912072],[-92.675737,45.907478],[-92.707702,45.894901],[-92.734039,45.868108],[-92.739278,45.84758],[-92.765146,45.830183],[-92.757815,45.806574],[-92.776496,45.790014],[-92.784621,45.764196],[-92.809837,45.744172],[-92.869193,45.717568],[-92.870025,45.697272],[-92.875488,45.689014],[-92.887929,45.639006],[-92.882529,45.610216],[-92.886442,45.598679],[-92.883749,45.575483],[-92.871082,45.567581],[-92.823309,45.560934],[-92.770223,45.566939],[-92.726082,45.541112],[-92.726677,45.514462],[-92.702224,45.493046],[-92.680234,45.464344],[-92.653549,45.455346],[-92.646602,45.441635],[-92.650422,45.398507],[-92.664102,45.393309],[-92.676961,45.380137],[-92.678223,45.373604],[-92.70272,45.358472],[-92.698967,45.336374],[-92.709968,45.321302],[-92.737122,45.300459],[-92.761013,45.289028],[-92.760615,45.278827],[-92.751659,45.26591],[-92.760249,45.2496],[-92.751708,45.218666],[-92.763908,45.204866],[-92.767408,45.190166],[-92.764872,45.182812],[-92.752404,45.173916],[-92.757707,45.155466],[-92.739584,45.115598],[-92.744938,45.108309],[-92.791528,45.079647],[-92.803079,45.060978],[-92.793282,45.047178],[-92.770362,45.033803],[-92.76206,45.02432],[-92.771231,45.001378],[-92.769445,44.97215],[-92.754603,44.955767],[-92.750645,44.937299],[-92.758701,44.908979],[-92.774571,44.898084],[-92.773946,44.889997],[-92.764133,44.875905],[-92.769102,44.862167],[-92.765278,44.837186],[-92.78043,44.812589],[-92.785206,44.792303],[-92.805287,44.768361],[-92.807988,44.75147],[-92.787906,44.737432],[-92.737259,44.717155],[-92.700948,44.693751],[-92.660988,44.660884],[-92.632105,44.649027],[-92.619779,44.634195],[-92.621456,44.615017],[-92.601516,44.612052],[-92.586216,44.600088],[-92.569434,44.603539],[-92.549777,44.58113],[-92.549957,44.568988],[-92.540551,44.567258],[-92.518358,44.575183],[-92.493808,44.566063],[-92.481001,44.568276],[-92.455105,44.561886],[-92.433256,44.5655],[-92.399281,44.558292],[-92.361518,44.558935],[-92.336114,44.554004],[-92.314071,44.538014],[-92.302466,44.516487],[-92.302215,44.500298],[-92.291005,44.485464],[-92.232472,44.445434],[-92.195378,44.433792],[-92.124513,44.422115],[-92.111085,44.413948],[-92.078605,44.404869],[-92.056486,44.402729],[-92.038147,44.388731],[-91.970266,44.365842],[-91.941311,44.340978],[-91.92559,44.333548],[-91.918625,44.322671],[-91.913534,44.311392],[-91.924613,44.291815],[-91.896388,44.27469],[-91.896008,44.262871],[-91.88704,44.251772],[-91.892698,44.231105],[-91.877429,44.212921],[-91.872369,44.199167],[-91.829167,44.17835],[-91.808064,44.159262],[-91.751747,44.134786],[-91.721552,44.130342],[-91.710597,44.12048],[-91.708207,44.105186],[-91.69531,44.09857],[-91.68153,44.0974],[-91.667006,44.086964],[-91.647873,44.064109],[-91.638115,44.063285],[-91.610487,44.04931],[-91.59207,44.031372],[-91.507121,44.01898],[-91.48087,44.008145],[-91.463515,44.009041],[-91.432522,43.996827],[-91.407395,43.965148],[-91.385785,43.954239],[-91.366642,43.937463],[-91.357426,43.917231],[-91.347741,43.911964],[-91.338141,43.897664],[-91.320605,43.888491],[-91.310991,43.867381],[-91.284138,43.847065],[-91.262436,43.792166],[-91.244135,43.774667],[-91.255431,43.744876],[-91.255932,43.729849],[-91.268455,43.709824],[-91.273252,43.666623],[-91.271749,43.654929],[-91.262397,43.64176],[-91.268748,43.615348],[-91.232707,43.583533],[-91.232812,43.564842],[-91.243214,43.550722],[-91.243183,43.540309],[-91.232941,43.523967],[-91.218292,43.514434],[-91.217706,43.50055],[-96.453049,43.500415],[-96.453067,45.298115],[-96.489065,45.357071],[-96.521787,45.375645],[-96.562142,45.38609],[-96.617726,45.408092],[-96.680454,45.410499],[-96.692541,45.417338],[-96.731396,45.45702],[-96.76528,45.521414],[-96.857751,45.605962],[-96.844211,45.639583],[-96.835769,45.649648],[-96.760866,45.687518],[-96.745086,45.701576],[-96.662595,45.738682],[-96.641941,45.759871],[-96.627778,45.786239],[-96.583085,45.820024],[-96.574517,45.843098],[-96.561334,45.945655],[-96.57035,45.963595],[-96.57794,46.026874],[-96.559271,46.058272],[-96.554507,46.083978],[-96.557952,46.102442],[-96.56692,46.11475],[-96.563043,46.119512],[-96.571439,46.12572],[-96.56926,46.133686],[-96.579453,46.147601],[-96.577952,46.165843],[-96.587408,46.178164],[-96.584372,46.204155],[-96.59755,46.227733],[-96.598645,46.241626],[-96.590942,46.250183],[-96.59887,46.26069],[-96.595014,46.275135],[-96.60136,46.30413],[-96.599761,46.330386],[-96.619991,46.340135],[-96.618147,46.344295],[-96.629211,46.352654],[-96.644335,46.351908],[-96.646341,46.360982],[-96.655206,46.365964],[-96.658436,46.373391],[-96.666028,46.374566],[-96.669132,46.390037],[-96.680687,46.407383],[-96.688082,46.40788],[-96.701358,46.420584],[-96.703078,46.429467],[-96.718074,46.438255],[-96.715557,46.463232],[-96.73627,46.48138],[-96.737798,46.489785],[-96.733612,46.497224],[-96.737702,46.50077],[-96.738475,46.525793],[-96.744341,46.533006],[-96.743003,46.54294],[-96.74883,46.558127],[-96.744436,46.56596],[-96.746442,46.574078],[-96.772446,46.600129],[-96.774094,46.613288],[-96.78995,46.631531],[-96.790663,46.649112],[-96.798823,46.658071],[-96.792958,46.677427],[-96.784339,46.685054],[-96.790906,46.70297],[-96.779252,46.727429],[-96.784279,46.732993],[-96.781216,46.740944],[-96.787466,46.756753],[-96.784314,46.766973],[-96.796195,46.789881],[-96.795756,46.807795],[-96.801446,46.810401],[-96.80016,46.819664],[-96.787657,46.827817],[-96.789663,46.832306],[-96.779347,46.843672],[-96.781358,46.879363],[-96.768458,46.879563],[-96.767358,46.883663],[-96.773558,46.884763],[-96.776558,46.895663],[-96.759241,46.918223],[-96.761757,46.934663],[-96.78312,46.925482],[-96.79038,46.929398],[-96.791558,46.944464],[-96.797734,46.9464],[-96.798737,46.962399],[-96.821852,46.969372],[-96.82318,46.999965],[-96.834221,47.006671],[-96.829499,47.021537],[-96.818557,47.02778],[-96.821422,47.032842],[-96.819321,47.0529],[-96.824479,47.059682],[-96.818175,47.104193],[-96.827344,47.120144],[-96.824807,47.124968],[-96.831547,47.142017],[-96.822377,47.162744],[-96.829637,47.17497],[-96.826962,47.182802],[-96.838806,47.197894],[-96.832789,47.203911],[-96.838806,47.22502],[-96.832946,47.237588],[-96.83766,47.240876],[-96.835368,47.250428],[-96.841672,47.258164],[-96.838997,47.267716],[-96.842531,47.269531],[-96.844088,47.289981],[-96.832884,47.30449],[-96.841958,47.316907],[-96.835845,47.321014],[-96.835845,47.335914],[-96.852417,47.366241],[-96.848907,47.370565],[-96.852676,47.374973],[-96.846925,47.376891],[-96.840621,47.389881],[-96.845492,47.394179],[-96.844919,47.399815],[-96.863593,47.418775],[-96.85748,47.440457],[-96.859868,47.470926],[-96.85471,47.478281],[-96.85853,47.489934],[-96.851653,47.497098],[-96.851367,47.509037],[-96.866363,47.524893],[-96.85471,47.535973],[-96.859153,47.566355],[-96.853689,47.570381],[-96.856373,47.575749],[-96.851293,47.589264],[-96.856903,47.602329],[-96.855421,47.60875],[-96.873671,47.613654],[-96.871005,47.616832],[-96.879496,47.620576],[-96.882393,47.633489],[-96.888573,47.63845],[-96.882376,47.649025],[-96.88697,47.653049],[-96.887126,47.666369],[-96.895271,47.67357],[-96.899352,47.689473],[-96.908928,47.688722],[-96.907266,47.693976],[-96.920119,47.710383],[-96.923544,47.718201],[-96.919471,47.722515],[-96.932809,47.737139],[-96.928505,47.748037],[-96.934173,47.752412],[-96.939179,47.768397],[-96.9644,47.782995],[-96.957283,47.790147],[-96.966068,47.797297],[-96.975131,47.798326],[-96.980579,47.805614],[-96.979327,47.824533],[-96.986685,47.837639],[-96.998295,47.841724],[-96.998144,47.858882],[-97.005557,47.863977],[-97.002456,47.868677],[-97.023156,47.874978],[-97.019355,47.880278],[-97.024955,47.886878],[-97.019155,47.889778],[-97.024955,47.894978],[-97.020155,47.900478],[-97.024955,47.908178],[-97.017254,47.905678],[-97.015354,47.910278],[-97.023754,47.915878],[-97.018054,47.918078],[-97.035754,47.930179],[-97.036054,47.939379],[-97.054554,47.946279],[-97.052454,47.957179],[-97.061454,47.96358],[-97.053553,47.991612],[-97.064289,47.998508],[-97.066762,48.009558],[-97.063012,48.013179],[-97.072239,48.019107],[-97.068987,48.026267],[-97.072257,48.048068],[-97.097772,48.07108],[-97.103052,48.071669],[-97.099431,48.082106],[-97.105226,48.09044],[-97.104872,48.097851],[-97.109535,48.104723],[-97.123205,48.106648],[-97.120702,48.114987],[-97.131956,48.139563],[-97.141401,48.14359],[-97.138911,48.157793],[-97.146745,48.168556],[-97.141474,48.179099],[-97.146233,48.186054],[-97.134372,48.210434],[-97.136304,48.228984],[-97.141254,48.234668],[-97.135763,48.237596],[-97.138765,48.244991],[-97.127276,48.253323],[-97.131846,48.267589],[-97.11657,48.279661],[-97.12216,48.290056],[-97.128862,48.292882],[-97.122072,48.300865],[-97.132443,48.315489],[-97.127601,48.323319],[-97.134854,48.331314],[-97.131145,48.339722],[-97.147748,48.359905],[-97.140106,48.380479],[-97.145592,48.394195],[-97.135012,48.406735],[-97.142849,48.419471],[-97.1356,48.424369],[-97.139173,48.430528],[-97.134229,48.439797],[-97.137689,48.447583],[-97.132746,48.459942],[-97.144116,48.469212],[-97.141397,48.476256],[-97.144981,48.481571],[-97.140291,48.484722],[-97.138864,48.494362],[-97.148133,48.503384],[-97.153076,48.524148],[-97.150481,48.536877],[-97.163105,48.543855],[-97.160863,48.549236],[-97.152459,48.552326],[-97.158638,48.564067],[-97.149616,48.569876],[-97.14974,48.579516],[-97.142915,48.583733],[-97.143684,48.597066],[-97.137504,48.612268],[-97.132931,48.61338],[-97.130089,48.621166],[-97.125639,48.620919],[-97.125269,48.629694],[-97.108466,48.632658],[-97.111921,48.642918],[-97.100551,48.658614],[-97.102652,48.664793],[-97.097708,48.68395],[-97.118286,48.700573],[-97.116185,48.709348],[-97.136083,48.727763],[-97.139488,48.746611],[-97.151289,48.757428],[-97.147478,48.763698],[-97.154854,48.774515],[-97.157093,48.790024],[-97.163535,48.79507],[-97.165624,48.809627],[-97.180028,48.81845],[-97.177747,48.824815],[-97.181116,48.832741],[-97.173811,48.838309],[-97.175618,48.853105],[-97.187362,48.867598],[-97.185738,48.87222],[-97.197982,48.880341],[-97.197982,48.898332],[-97.210541,48.90439],[-97.211161,48.916649],[-97.217992,48.919735],[-97.218666,48.931781],[-97.224505,48.9341],[-97.232147,48.948955],[-97.230859,48.960891],[-97.239209,48.968684],[-97.237297,48.985696],[-97.230833,48.991303],[-97.229039,49.000687],[-95.153711,48.998903],[-95.15335,49.383079],[-95.126467,49.369439],[-95.058404,49.35317],[-95.014415,49.356405],[-94.988908,49.368897],[-94.957465,49.370186],[-94.854245,49.324154],[-94.816222,49.320987],[-94.824291,49.308834],[-94.82516,49.294283],[-94.797244,49.214284],[-94.797527,49.197791],[-94.773223,49.120733],[-94.750221,49.099763],[-94.750218,48.999992],[-94.718932,48.999991],[-94.683069,48.883929],[-94.684217,48.872399],[-94.692527,48.86895],[-94.693044,48.853392],[-94.685681,48.840119],[-94.701968,48.831778],[-94.704284,48.824284],[-94.694974,48.809206],[-94.694312,48.789352],[-94.690889,48.778066],[-94.651765,48.755913],[-94.645164,48.749975],[-94.645083,48.744143],[-94.61901,48.737374],[-94.58715,48.717599],[-94.549069,48.714653],[-94.533057,48.701262],[-94.452332,48.692444],[-94.438701,48.694889],[-94.416191,48.710948],[-94.384221,48.711806],[-94.342758,48.703382],[-94.308446,48.710239],[-94.290737,48.707747],[-94.260541,48.696381],[-94.251169,48.683514],[-94.254643,48.663888],[-94.250497,48.656654],[-94.224276,48.649527],[-94.091244,48.643669],[-94.065775,48.646104],[-94.035616,48.641018],[-94.006933,48.643193],[-93.944221,48.632294],[-93.91153,48.634673],[-93.840754,48.628548],[-93.824144,48.610724],[-93.806763,48.577616],[-93.811201,48.542385],[-93.818253,48.530046],[-93.794454,48.516021],[-93.656652,48.515731],[-93.643091,48.518294],[-93.628865,48.53121],[-93.612844,48.521876],[-93.60587,48.522472],[-93.594379,48.528793],[-93.547191,48.528684],[-93.467504,48.545664],[-93.460798,48.550552],[-93.456675,48.561834],[-93.465199,48.590659],[-93.438494,48.59338],[-93.405269,48.609344],[-93.395022,48.603303],[-93.371156,48.605085],[-93.362132,48.613832],[-93.35324,48.613378],[-93.349095,48.624935],[-93.254854,48.642784],[-93.207398,48.642474],[-93.178095,48.623339],[-93.088438,48.627597],[-92.984963,48.623731],[-92.954876,48.631493],[-92.95012,48.630419],[-92.949839,48.608269],[-92.929614,48.606874],[-92.909947,48.596313],[-92.894687,48.594915],[-92.728046,48.53929],[-92.657881,48.546263],[-92.634931,48.542873],[-92.625739,48.518189],[-92.631117,48.508252],[-92.627237,48.503383],[-92.636696,48.499428],[-92.654039,48.501635],[-92.661418,48.496557],[-92.698824,48.494892],[-92.712562,48.463013],[-92.687998,48.443889],[-92.656027,48.436709],[-92.507285,48.447875],[-92.475585,48.418793],[-92.456325,48.414204],[-92.456389,48.401134],[-92.47675,48.37176],[-92.469948,48.351836],[-92.437825,48.309839],[-92.416285,48.295463],[-92.369174,48.220268],[-92.336831,48.235383],[-92.269742,48.248241],[-92.273706,48.256747],[-92.294541,48.27156],[-92.292999,48.276404],[-92.301451,48.288608],[-92.294527,48.306454],[-92.306309,48.316442],[-92.304561,48.322977],[-92.295412,48.323957],[-92.288994,48.342991],[-92.26228,48.354933],[-92.222813,48.349203],[-92.216983,48.345114],[-92.206803,48.345596],[-92.203684,48.352063],[-92.178418,48.351881],[-92.177354,48.357228],[-92.145049,48.365651],[-92.143583,48.356121],[-92.083513,48.353865],[-92.077961,48.358253],[-92.055228,48.359213],[-92.045734,48.347901],[-92.046562,48.33474],[-92.037721,48.333183],[-92.030872,48.325824],[-92.000133,48.321355],[-92.01298,48.297391],[-92.006577,48.265421],[-91.989545,48.260214],[-91.976903,48.244626],[-91.971056,48.247667],[-91.971779,48.252977],[-91.954432,48.251678],[-91.952209,48.244394],[-91.957683,48.242683],[-91.957798,48.232989],[-91.941838,48.230602],[-91.915772,48.238871],[-91.89347,48.237699],[-91.884691,48.227321],[-91.867882,48.219095],[-91.864382,48.207031],[-91.815772,48.211748],[-91.809038,48.206013],[-91.79181,48.202492],[-91.789011,48.196549],[-91.756637,48.205022],[-91.749075,48.198844],[-91.741932,48.199122],[-91.742313,48.204491],[-91.714931,48.19913],[-91.711611,48.1891],[-91.721413,48.180255],[-91.724584,48.170657],[-91.705318,48.170775],[-91.70726,48.153661],[-91.698174,48.141643],[-91.699981,48.13184],[-91.712226,48.116883],[-91.703524,48.113548],[-91.682845,48.122118],[-91.687623,48.111698],[-91.676876,48.107264],[-91.665208,48.107011],[-91.653261,48.114137],[-91.653571,48.109567],[-91.640175,48.096926],[-91.559272,48.108268],[-91.552962,48.103012],[-91.569746,48.093348],[-91.575471,48.066294],[-91.575672,48.048791],[-91.567254,48.043719],[-91.488646,48.068065],[-91.45033,48.068806],[-91.437582,48.049248],[-91.429642,48.048608],[-91.391128,48.057075],[-91.370872,48.06941],[-91.365143,48.066968],[-91.340159,48.073236],[-91.332589,48.069331],[-91.26638,48.078713],[-91.214428,48.10294],[-91.190461,48.124891],[-91.183207,48.122235],[-91.176181,48.125811],[-91.137733,48.14915],[-91.139402,48.154738],[-91.092258,48.173101],[-91.082731,48.180756],[-91.024208,48.190072],[-90.976955,48.219452],[-90.914971,48.230603],[-90.88548,48.245784],[-90.875107,48.237784],[-90.847352,48.244443],[-90.839176,48.239511],[-90.836313,48.176963],[-90.832589,48.173765],[-90.821115,48.184709],[-90.817698,48.179569],[-90.804207,48.177833],[-90.796596,48.159373],[-90.777917,48.163801],[-90.778031,48.148723],[-90.79797,48.136894],[-90.787305,48.134196],[-90.789919,48.129902],[-90.76911,48.116585],[-90.761555,48.100133],[-90.751608,48.090968],[-90.641596,48.103515],[-90.626886,48.111846],[-90.59146,48.117546],[-90.582217,48.123784],[-90.55929,48.121683],[-90.555845,48.117069],[-90.569763,48.106951],[-90.567482,48.101178],[-90.556838,48.096008],[-90.487077,48.099082],[-90.467712,48.108818],[-90.438449,48.098747],[-90.403219,48.105114],[-90.374542,48.090942],[-90.367658,48.094577],[-90.344234,48.094447],[-90.330052,48.102399],[-90.312386,48.1053],[-90.289337,48.098993],[-90.224692,48.108148],[-90.188679,48.107947],[-90.176605,48.112445],[-90.136191,48.112136],[-90.116259,48.104303],[-90.073873,48.101138],[-90.023595,48.084708],[-90.015057,48.067188],[-90.008446,48.068396],[-89.997852,48.057567],[-89.99305,48.028404],[-89.97718,48.023501],[-89.968255,48.014482],[-89.954605,48.011516],[-89.95059,48.015901],[-89.934489,48.015628],[-89.915341,47.994866],[-89.897414,47.987599],[-89.873286,47.985419],[-89.868153,47.989898],[-89.847571,47.992442],[-89.842568,48.001368],[-89.830385,48.000284],[-89.820483,48.014665],[-89.797744,48.014505],[-89.763967,48.022969],[-89.724048,48.018996],[-89.721038,48.017965],[-89.724044,48.013675],[-89.716114,48.016441],[-89.716417,48.010251],[-89.702528,48.006325],[-89.673798,48.01151],[-89.667128,48.007421],[-89.657051,48.009954],[-89.649057,48.003853],[-89.617867,48.010947],[-89.611678,48.017529],[-89.607821,48.006566],[-89.594749,48.004332],[-89.582117,47.996314],[-89.564288,48.00293],[-89.489226,48.014528],[-89.495344,48.002356],[-89.541521,47.992841],[-89.551555,47.987305],[-89.555015,47.974849],[-89.572315,47.967238],[-89.58823,47.9662],[-89.611412,47.980731],[-89.624559,47.983153],[-89.631825,47.980039],[-89.640129,47.96793],[-89.638285,47.954275],[-89.697619,47.941288],[-89.793539,47.891358],[-89.85396,47.873997],[-89.87158,47.874194],[-89.923649,47.862062],[-89.930844,47.857723],[-89.92752,47.850825],[-89.933899,47.84676],[-89.974296,47.830514],[-90.072025,47.811105],[-90.075559,47.803303],[-90.1168,47.79538],[-90.16079,47.792807],[-90.178755,47.786414],[-90.187636,47.77813],[-90.248794,47.772763],[-90.323446,47.753771],[-90.332686,47.746387],[-90.437712,47.731612],[-90.441912,47.726404],[-90.458365,47.7214],[-90.537105,47.703055],[-90.551291,47.690266],[-90.735927,47.624343],[-90.86827,47.5569],[-90.907494,47.532873],[-90.914247,47.522639],[-90.939072,47.514532],[-91.032945,47.458236],[-91.045646,47.456525],[-91.097569,47.413888],[-91.128131,47.399619],[-91.146958,47.381464],[-91.156513,47.378816],[-91.188772,47.340082],[-91.238658,47.304976],[-91.262512,47.27929],[-91.288478,47.26596],[-91.326019,47.238993],[-91.357803,47.206743],[-91.418805,47.172152],[-91.477351,47.125667],[-91.497902,47.122579],[-91.518793,47.108121],[-91.573817,47.089917],[-91.591508,47.068684],[-91.626824,47.049953],[-91.644564,47.026491],[-91.666477,47.014297],[-91.704649,47.005246],[-91.780675,46.945881],[-91.806851,46.933727],[-91.841349,46.925215],[-91.883238,46.905728],[-91.914984,46.883836],[-91.952985,46.867037],[-92.094089,46.787839],[-92.088289,46.773639],[-92.06449,46.745439],[-92.025789,46.710839],[-92.01529,46.706469],[-92.020289,46.704039],[-92.03399,46.708939],[-92.08949,46.74924],[-92.10819,46.74914],[-92.13789,46.73954],[-92.14329,46.73464],[-92.141291,46.72524],[-92.146291,46.71594],[-92.167291,46.719941],[-92.189091,46.717541],[-92.204691,46.704041]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Minnesota\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: December 21, 2020; Version 1.1: October 17, 2022; Version 1.2: November 26, 2024","contact":"

Program Coordinator, National Land Imaging Program 
U.S. Geological Survey 
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192

Contact Pubs Warehouse

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2020-12-21","revisedDate":"2024-11-26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128215,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey","id":807087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70216977,"text":"fs20203053 - 2020 - Water resources of Red River Parish, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-22T12:40:42.536859","indexId":"fs20203053","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-21T17:09:07","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-3053","displayTitle":"Water Resources of Red River Parish, Louisiana","title":"Water resources of Red River Parish, Louisiana","docAbstract":"

Information concerning the availability, use, and quality of water in Red River Parish, Louisiana, is critical for proper water-supply management. The purpose of this fact sheet is to present information that can be used by water managers, parish residents, and others for stewardship of this vital resource. In 2014, about 5.76 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) of water were withdrawn in Red River Parish: about 4.23 Mgal/d from groundwater sources and 1.54 Mgal/d from surface-water sources. Withdrawals for agricultural use, composed of general irrigation, rice irrigation, and livestock uses, accounted for about 72 percent (4.15 Mgal/d) of the total water withdrawn. Other categories of use included public supply (about 18 percent of the total water withdrawn, or 1.03 Mgal/d), industry (about 7 percent, or 0.39 Mgal/d), and rural domestic (about 4 percent, or 0.20 Mgal/d). Water-use data collected at 5-year intervals from 1960 to 2010 and again in 2014 indicated that water withdrawals peaked in 1975 at more than 7.3 Mgal/d.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20203053","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development","usgsCitation":"Robinson, A.L., and White, V.E., 2020, Water resources of Red River Parish, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2020–3053, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20203053.","productDescription":"Report: 6 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-103355","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381549,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3053/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":381550,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3053/fs20203053.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.01 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2020–3053"},{"id":381551,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F78051VM","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Water withdrawals by source and category in Louisiana Parishes, 2014–2015"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","county":"Red River Parish","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-93.6149,32.2376],[-93.5347,32.2377],[-93.5325,32.2378],[-93.4713,32.237],[-93.4355,32.2358],[-93.4333,32.2359],[-93.4284,32.236],[-93.4057,32.2363],[-93.3959,32.236],[-93.3558,32.2363],[-93.3417,32.236],[-93.2475,32.2362],[-93.2139,32.2358],[-93.2127,32.2308],[-93.212,32.2258],[-93.213,32.2207],[-93.2123,32.2144],[-93.2116,32.2066],[-93.2097,32.1934],[-93.202,32.1885],[-93.1987,32.1872],[-93.1954,32.1832],[-93.1937,32.18],[-93.1924,32.17],[-93.1917,32.1632],[-93.1889,32.1568],[-93.186,32.1487],[-93.1744,32.1365],[-93.1643,32.1203],[-93.1576,32.1122],[-93.1565,32.1076],[-93.1526,32.1049],[-93.1563,32.0976],[-93.1589,32.0957],[-93.1636,32.0865],[-93.1608,32.0816],[-93.1521,32.0785],[-93.1444,32.0713],[-93.1393,32.0614],[-93.138,32.0518],[-93.1422,32.0449],[-93.1432,32.0399],[-93.1469,32.0375],[-93.1506,32.0343],[-93.1554,32.0278],[-93.1557,32.0201],[-93.1556,32.0146],[-93.1582,32.0082],[-93.1522,32.0037],[-93.146,31.9942],[-93.1383,31.9866],[-93.1306,31.9803],[-93.1213,31.9727],[-93.2131,31.9732],[-93.2342,31.9733],[-93.2385,31.9728],[-93.2389,31.9682],[-93.2403,31.9071],[-93.2452,31.9084],[-93.2479,31.9101],[-93.2523,31.911],[-93.2592,31.91],[-93.2639,31.8989],[-93.2713,31.8938],[-93.2777,31.891],[-93.2799,31.8909],[-93.2852,31.8895],[-93.2933,31.8898],[-93.2993,31.8925],[-93.301,31.8956],[-93.3075,31.8964],[-93.3187,31.889],[-93.3208,31.8885],[-93.3317,31.8924],[-93.3415,31.8954],[-93.3507,31.8989],[-93.3508,31.9016],[-93.3526,31.9103],[-93.3527,31.9144],[-93.3528,31.919],[-93.3548,31.9321],[-93.3532,31.9354],[-93.3554,31.9367],[-93.3679,31.942],[-93.3696,31.9433],[-93.3692,31.9501],[-93.3748,31.9569],[-93.3727,31.962],[-93.3766,31.966],[-93.3803,31.965],[-93.3814,31.9659],[-93.4034,31.981],[-93.4079,31.9887],[-93.4139,31.9891],[-93.4175,31.9831],[-93.4229,31.9839],[-93.424,31.9853],[-93.4231,31.9903],[-93.4328,31.9897],[-93.4376,31.9887],[-93.4431,31.9904],[-93.4437,31.994],[-93.4476,31.999],[-93.452,32.0003],[-93.4558,32.0034],[-93.4597,32.0061],[-93.4609,32.0111],[-93.4621,32.017],[-93.4638,32.022],[-93.4672,32.026],[-93.4769,32.0272],[-93.4802,32.0299],[-93.4814,32.0335],[-93.479,32.0472],[-93.4798,32.0568],[-93.4848,32.0604],[-93.4896,32.0603],[-93.5049,32.0641],[-93.5071,32.0673],[-93.5068,32.075],[-93.5139,32.0804],[-93.5135,32.0858],[-93.525,32.0911],[-93.53,32.0969],[-93.541,32.104],[-93.5411,32.1068],[-93.5384,32.1082],[-93.5369,32.1132],[-93.5295,32.1166],[-93.5227,32.1258],[-93.5129,32.1264],[-93.5098,32.1297],[-93.5099,32.1333],[-93.521,32.145],[-93.5225,32.1614],[-93.5215,32.1669],[-93.5249,32.1704],[-93.5261,32.1763],[-93.5312,32.1854],[-93.5379,32.1926],[-93.5525,32.1936],[-93.5547,32.1927],[-93.5672,32.1952],[-93.5809,32.2018],[-93.594,32.2061],[-93.5985,32.2124],[-93.5969,32.2147],[-93.5982,32.2215],[-93.6049,32.2269],[-93.6061,32.2319],[-93.6132,32.2349],[-93.6149,32.2376]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Red River\",\"state\":\"LA\"}}]}","contact":"

Director, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3535 S. Sherwood Forest Blvd., Suite 120
Baton Rouge, LA 70816

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"publishedDate":"2020-12-21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Angela L. 0000-0001-5845-4847","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5845-4847","contributorId":206329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Angela","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Vincent E. 0000-0002-1660-0102 vwhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1660-0102","contributorId":5388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Vincent","email":"vwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70216978,"text":"fs20203052 - 2020 - Water resources of Bienville Parish, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-22T12:43:18.405991","indexId":"fs20203052","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-21T17:08:47","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-3052","displayTitle":"Water Resources of Bienville Parish, Louisiana","title":"Water resources of Bienville Parish, Louisiana","docAbstract":"

Information concerning the availability, use, and quality of water in Bienville Parish, Louisiana, is critical for proper water-supply management. The purpose of this fact sheet is to present information that can be used by water managers, parish residents, and others for stewardship of this vital resource. In 2014, about 13.03 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) of water were withdrawn in Bienville Parish, including about 12.88 Mgal/d from groundwater sources and 0.15 Mgal/d from surface-water sources. Withdrawals for industrial use accounted for about 78 percent (10.18 Mgal/d) of the total water withdrawn. Other categories of use included public supply, which accounted for about 18 percent of the total water withdrawn (2.33 Mgal/d); agriculture, composed of general irrigation and livestock, which accounted for about 1 percent (0.18 Mgal/d); and rural domestic (0.33 Mgal/d), which accounted for about 2 percent. Water-use data collected at 5-year intervals from 1960 to 2010 and again in 2014 indicated that water withdrawals peaked in 1995 at more than 17 Mgal/d.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20203052","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development","usgsCitation":"Robinson, A.L., and White, V.E., 2020, Water resources of Bienville Parish, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2020–3052, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20203052.","productDescription":"Report: 6 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-103354","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381552,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3052/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":381553,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3052/fs20203052.pdf","text":"Report","size":"875 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2020–3052"},{"id":381554,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F78051VM","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Water withdrawals by source and category in Louisiana Parishes, 2014–2015"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","county":"Bienville Parish","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-92.8807,32.5853],[-92.8779,32.5202],[-92.8795,32.4541],[-92.8078,32.4545],[-92.7768,32.4548],[-92.7752,32.3865],[-92.7749,32.371],[-92.7746,32.3181],[-92.7739,32.3077],[-92.7732,32.2648],[-92.7751,32.2429],[-92.7739,32.2366],[-92.7824,32.2283],[-92.7861,32.2191],[-92.7963,32.214],[-92.8011,32.2085],[-92.8004,32.1984],[-92.7986,32.1916],[-92.8018,32.1866],[-92.8038,32.1783],[-92.8081,32.1742],[-92.8177,32.165],[-92.8198,32.1604],[-92.8207,32.149],[-92.9376,32.148],[-92.9407,32.148],[-93.0837,32.1488],[-93.186,32.1487],[-93.1889,32.1568],[-93.1917,32.1632],[-93.1924,32.17],[-93.1937,32.18],[-93.1954,32.1832],[-93.1987,32.1872],[-93.202,32.1885],[-93.2097,32.1934],[-93.2116,32.2066],[-93.2123,32.2144],[-93.213,32.2207],[-93.212,32.2258],[-93.2127,32.2308],[-93.2139,32.2358],[-93.2475,32.2362],[-93.3417,32.236],[-93.3558,32.2363],[-93.3959,32.236],[-93.4057,32.2363],[-93.4284,32.236],[-93.4269,32.2387],[-93.4193,32.2393],[-93.4125,32.2485],[-93.4111,32.2599],[-93.413,32.2713],[-93.4126,32.2763],[-93.4101,32.2832],[-93.4155,32.2854],[-93.4204,32.284],[-93.4226,32.2871],[-93.4228,32.2944],[-93.4302,32.3089],[-93.4244,32.314],[-93.4213,32.3227],[-93.4111,32.3493],[-93.4037,32.3572],[-93.4023,32.3649],[-93.4056,32.3703],[-93.4176,32.3729],[-93.4248,32.3773],[-93.4288,32.3854],[-93.4273,32.3923],[-93.4215,32.3997],[-93.4162,32.4016],[-93.3981,32.3951],[-93.3916,32.3947],[-93.3729,32.4105],[-93.324,32.4104],[-93.3186,32.4101],[-93.2811,32.4102],[-93.242,32.4099],[-93.2371,32.41],[-93.2366,32.4114],[-93.237,32.4273],[-93.2371,32.4346],[-93.2371,32.4555],[-93.2083,32.4555],[-93.1485,32.4564],[-93.1491,32.4587],[-93.1518,32.4595],[-93.1514,32.4627],[-93.1503,32.465],[-93.1504,32.4669],[-93.1488,32.4705],[-93.1466,32.4715],[-93.1473,32.4783],[-93.1474,32.4801],[-93.1533,32.48],[-93.1561,32.4823],[-93.1535,32.4887],[-93.1558,32.4932],[-93.1586,32.4982],[-93.1608,32.5],[-93.1642,32.5036],[-93.1671,32.5117],[-93.1666,32.5158],[-93.1695,32.5254],[-93.1714,32.5354],[-93.1721,32.5431],[-93.1684,32.5522],[-93.1696,32.5563],[-93.1724,32.5577],[-93.18,32.5863],[-93.063,32.5852],[-92.9998,32.5838],[-92.8965,32.5846],[-92.8807,32.5853]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Bienville\",\"state\":\"LA\"}}]}","contact":"

Director, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3535 S. Sherwood Forest Blvd., Suite 120
Baton Rouge, LA 70816

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"publishedDate":"2020-12-21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Angela L. 0000-0001-5845-4847","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5845-4847","contributorId":206329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Angela","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Vincent E. 0000-0002-1660-0102 vwhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1660-0102","contributorId":5388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Vincent","email":"vwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70208328,"text":"sir20205007 - 2020 - Optimization assessment of a groundwater-level observation network in the Middle Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-25T21:17:00.184426","indexId":"sir20205007","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-21T08:28:55","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-5007","displayTitle":"Optimization Assessment of a Groundwater-Level Observation Network in the Middle Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico","title":"Optimization assessment of a groundwater-level observation network in the Middle Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority (ABCWUA), measures groundwater levels continuously (hourly) and discretely (semiannually and annually) at a network of wells and piezometers (hereafter called the observation network) within the Middle Rio Grande Basin in central New Mexico. Groundwater levels that are measured in this observation network provide a long-term hydrologic dataset that is heavily relied upon to make water management decisions. The desire to upgrade and perform maintenance on this observation network initiated this study, which assesses the spatial and temporal importance of measurements towards optimization of monitoring the observation network to reduce or redirect monitoring costs. This report describes the methods and results of the optimization assessment of this observation network, which included separate spatial and temporal methodologies and an evaluation using principal component analysis (PCA).

Results from the spatial optimization assessment can be used to help identify observation network sites that do not significantly affect the generation of winter groundwater-elevation contour maps of the production zone. Results from the temporal optimization assessment and PCA can also be consulted when deciding which sites to remove from the network, especially for sites that are monitored more frequently than annually. Results from the temporal optimization assessment can be used to inform the minimum monitoring frequency at the observation network required to capture the trends shown in higher frequency monitoring. The PCA results distinguish spatially distributed characteristic water-level trends that can inform the management decisions that are made when using the spatial and temporal optimization assessment results. Reducing the temporal frequency or spatial density of monitoring is ultimately a management decision that depends on the amount of data loss or degradation that is deemed acceptable while still meeting the network objectives of the ABCWUA. This study can also serve as a starting point to a data gap analysis of local aquifer characteristics and help guide enhanced observation network design as needs arise or in advance of future water management decisions.

The results of the spatial optimization assessment indicate that as many as about 20 specified sites can be removed from the observation network with a relatively small loss in the ability to represent the kriged groundwater-elevation surfaces of the production zone that were generated by using median groundwater elevations for two periods: the 2001 time interval and 2015 time interval. This analysis also demonstrated the importance of wells at the margin of the study area and in areas where there are large hydrologic gradients. At many of the 47 hourly monitored sites analyzed in the temporal optimization assessment, temporal trends were well represented for at least one of the reduced monitoring frequencies tested, indicating that a reduced frequency may be sufficient to adequately characterize seasonal and long-term trends. PCA and k-means clustering analysis of the 15 hourly monitored sites that are screened within the production zone indicate that the sites can be categorized into four groups, or clusters, of differing groundwater-level hydrograph characteristics. Except for one cluster, all of the clusters have the potential to be well represented by fewer index monitoring sites.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205007","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority","usgsCitation":"Ritchie, A.B., and Pepin, J.D., 2020, Optimization assessment of a groundwater-level observation network in the Middle Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico (ver. 2, December 2020): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5007, 113 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205007.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 113 p.; 2 Figures","numberOfPages":"125","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-102753","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373207,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5007/sir20205007.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.43 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020–5007"},{"id":399629,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_109787.htm"},{"id":381500,"rank":5,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5007/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","description":"SIR 2020–5007 Version History"},{"id":373209,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5007/sir20205007_figure23B.pdf","text":"Figure 23B","size":"170 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020–5007 Figure 23B","linkHelpText":"Clustered monthly median hydrographs plotted using an independent y-axis range for all plots"},{"id":373208,"rank":3,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5007/sir20205007_figure23A.pdf","text":"Figure 23A","size":"163 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020–5007 Figure 23A","linkHelpText":"Clustered monthly median hydrographs plotted using the same fixed y-axis range for all plots"},{"id":373206,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5007/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Middle Rio Grande Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.8517,\n 34.9064\n ],\n [\n -106.4542,\n 34.9064\n ],\n [\n -106.4542,\n 35.4011\n ],\n [\n -106.8517,\n 35.4011\n ],\n [\n -106.8517,\n 34.9064\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: March 17, 2020; Version 2.0: December 21, 2020","contact":"

Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6700 Edith Blvd. NE
Albuquerque, NM 87113

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"publishedDate":"2020-03-17","revisedDate":"2020-12-21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-03-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ritchie, Andre B. 0000-0003-1289-653X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1289-653X","contributorId":214611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritchie","given":"Andre","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pepin, Jeff D. 0000-0002-7410-9979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7410-9979","contributorId":222161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pepin","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70223362,"text":"70223362 - 2020 - The Long-term effect of bleeding for Limulus amebocyte lysate on annual survival and recapture of tagged horseshoe crabs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-25T13:31:32.56306","indexId":"70223362","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-21T08:16:05","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3912,"text":"Frontiers in Marine Science","onlineIssn":"2296-7745","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Long-term effect of bleeding for Limulus amebocyte lysate on annual survival and recapture of tagged horseshoe crabs","docAbstract":"

In the U.S., 525,000 horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) per year have been captured during 2013–2017, brought to biomedical facilities, and bled to produce Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL), then mostly released to the area of capture. The Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission estimates short-term bleeding-induced mortality to be 15% (4% to 30%), resulting in mortality of approximately 78,750 horseshoe crabs annually in recent years comprising a minor portion (<13%) of the up to one million annual coastwide landings dominated by harvest for bait. However, the long-term effect of bleeding for LAL on annual survival and spawning behavior is unknown; thus, results from short-term studies alone might underestimate bleeding effects at the population level. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed data from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife horseshoe crab tagging database to estimate the differences in survival and recapture rates of bled and not bled horseshoe crabs tagged in the same years and geographic area. Contrary to expectation, survival was not lower for bled crabs compared to unbled crabs. Differences varied, but survival estimates tended to be higher for bled crabs than for unbled crabs. However, biomedical culling and selection for younger or healthier animals could have resulted in biomedically tagged individuals representing a healthier subset of the overall population with subsequent higher survival. Furthermore, the tagging analysis revealed a post-bleeding reduction in capture probability, which could indicate decreased spawning activity, evident in males more than females. Continued tagging of bled and unbled crabs in the same geographic area while recording age class and sex will contribute to the further resolution of LAL production’s effect on horseshoe crab populations.

","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2020.607668","usgsCitation":"Smith, D.R., Newhard, J., McGowan, C.P., and Butler, C.A., 2020, The Long-term effect of bleeding for Limulus amebocyte lysate on annual survival and recapture of tagged horseshoe crabs: Frontiers in Marine Science, v. 7, 607668, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.607668.","productDescription":"607668, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-115044","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454627,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.607668","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":388481,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Delaware Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.69580078125,\n 37.09900294387622\n ],\n [\n -75.08056640625,\n 37.97018468810549\n ],\n [\n -74.6630859375,\n 38.496593518947584\n ],\n [\n -74.92675781249999,\n 38.950865400919994\n ],\n [\n -74.8828125,\n 39.172658670429946\n ],\n [\n -75.509033203125,\n 39.46164364205549\n ],\n [\n -75.421142578125,\n 39.257778150283364\n ],\n [\n -75.30029296875,\n 38.89958342598271\n ],\n [\n -75.12451171875,\n 38.685509760012\n ],\n [\n -75.146484375,\n 38.53097889440024\n ],\n [\n -75.135498046875,\n 38.272688535980976\n ],\n [\n -75.30029296875,\n 38.151837403006766\n ],\n [\n -75.7177734375,\n 37.55328764595765\n ],\n [\n -75.89355468749999,\n 37.274052809979054\n ],\n [\n -75.69580078125,\n 37.09900294387622\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, David R. 0000-0001-6074-9257 drsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":168442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"drsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newhard, Joshua","contributorId":264675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newhard","given":"Joshua","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGowan, Conor P. 0000-0002-7330-9581 cmcgowan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7330-9581","contributorId":167162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGowan","given":"Conor","email":"cmcgowan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":821864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Butler, C. Alyssa","contributorId":264748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butler","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Alyssa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":821933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70216954,"text":"sim3467 - 2020 - Bathymetric map, surface area, and capacity of Grand Lake O’ the Cherokees, northeastern Oklahoma, 2019","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-22T12:34:16.328212","indexId":"sim3467","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-21T05:56:20","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3467","displayTitle":"Bathymetric Map, Surface Area, and Capacity of Grand Lake O’ the Cherokees, Northeastern Oklahoma, 2019","title":"Bathymetric map, surface area, and capacity of Grand Lake O’ the Cherokees, northeastern Oklahoma, 2019","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Grand River Dam Authority, completed a high-resolution multibeam bathymetric survey to compute a new area and capacity table for Grand Lake O’ the Cherokees in northeastern Oklahoma. Area and capacity tables identify the relation between the elevation of the water surface and the volume of water that can be impounded at each water-surface elevation. The area and capacity of Grand Lake O’ the Cherokees were computed from a triangular irregular network surface created in Global Mapper Version 21.0.1. The triangular irregular network surface was created from three datasets: (1) a multibeam mapping system bathymetric survey of Grand Lake O’ the Cherokees completed during April–July 2019, (2) a previous bathymetric survey of the Neosho, Spring, and Elk Rivers, and (3) a 2010 USGS lidar-derived digital elevation model. The digital elevation model data were used in areas with land-surface elevations greater than 744 feet above the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 where the multibeam sonar data could not be collected. The 2019 multibeam sonar data were the predominant data used to compute the new area and capacity table for Grand Lake O’ the Cherokees.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3467","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Grand River Dam Authority","usgsCitation":"Hunter, S.L., Trevisan, A.R., Villa, J., and Smith, K.A., 2020, Bathymetric map, surface area, and capacity of Grand Lake O’ the Cherokees, northeastern Oklahoma, 2019: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3467, 2 sheets, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3467.","productDescription":"2 Sheets: 36.00 x 42.00 inches; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-116457","costCenters":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381444,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3467/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":381448,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3467/sim3467_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","size":"5.14 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3467 Sheet 1"},{"id":381449,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3467/sim3467_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","size":"26.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3467 Sheet 2"},{"id":381450,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KA2T3Z","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Data release of bathymetric map, surface area, and capacity of Grand Lake O’ the Cherokees, northeastern Oklahoma, 2019"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Grand Lake O’ the Cherokees","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.10589599609375,\n 36.436751611390264\n ],\n [\n -94.60601806640625,\n 36.436751611390264\n ],\n [\n -94.60601806640625,\n 36.8510544475565\n ],\n [\n -95.10589599609375,\n 36.8510544475565\n ],\n [\n -95.10589599609375,\n 36.436751611390264\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1505 Ferguson Lane
Austin, Texas 78754–4501

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"publishedDate":"2020-12-21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunter, Shelby L. 0000-0002-3049-7498 slhunter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3049-7498","contributorId":196727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"Shelby","email":"slhunter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trevisan, A.R. 0000-0002-7295-145X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7295-145X","contributorId":220399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trevisan","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Villa, Jennifer 0000-0002-4774-7166","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4774-7166","contributorId":245824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villa","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Kevin A. 0000-0001-6846-5929","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6846-5929","contributorId":50612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70219507,"text":"70219507 - 2020 - Subsea permafrost carbon stocks and climate change sensitivity estimated by expert assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-13T12:19:18.267915","indexId":"70219507","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-20T11:37:33","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1562,"text":"Environmental Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsea permafrost carbon stocks and climate change sensitivity estimated by expert assessment","docAbstract":"

The continental shelves of the Arctic Ocean and surrounding seas contain large stocks of organic matter (OM) and methane (CH4), representing a potential ecosystem feedback to climate change not included in international climate agreements. We performed a structured expert assessment with 25 permafrost researchers to combine quantitative estimates of the stocks and sensitivity of organic carbon in the subsea permafrost domain (i.e. unglaciated portions of the continental shelves exposed during the last glacial period). Experts estimated that the subsea permafrost domain contains ~560 gigatons carbon (GtC; 170–740, 90% confidence interval) in OM and 45 GtC (10–110) in CH4. Current fluxes of CH4 and carbon dioxide (CO2) to the water column were estimated at 18 (2–34) and 38 (13–110) megatons C yr−1, respectively. Under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) RCP8.5, the subsea permafrost domain could release 43 Gt CO2-equivalent (CO2e) by 2100 (14–110) and 190 Gt CO2e by 2300 (45–590), with ~30% fewer emissions under RCP2.6. The range of uncertainty demonstrates a serious knowledge gap but provides initial estimates of the magnitude and timing of the subsea permafrost climate feedback.

","language":"English","publisher":"IOP Science","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/abcc29","usgsCitation":"Sayedi, S., Thornton, B., Abbott, B., Frederick, J.M., Vonk, J.E., Overduin, P., Schadel, C., Schuur, E., Bourbonnais, A., Demidova, N., Gavrilov, A., He, S., Gustaf Hugelius, G., Jakobsson, M., Jones, M.C., Joung, D., Kraev, G., Macdonald, R.W., McGuire, A.D., Mu, C., O’Regan, M., Schreiner, K.M., Stranne, C., Pizhankova, E., Vasiliev, A., Westermann, S., Zarnetske, J.P., Zhang, T., Ghandehari, M., Baeumler, S., Brown, B.C., and Frei, R.J., 2020, Subsea permafrost carbon stocks and climate change sensitivity estimated by expert assessment: Environmental Research Letters, v. 15, no. 12, 124075, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abcc29.","productDescription":"124075, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118667","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454630,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abcc29","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385030,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sayedi, Sara 0000-0001-5272-4383","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5272-4383","contributorId":257232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sayedi","given":"Sara","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48387,"text":"BYU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thornton, B.F. 0000-0002-5640-6419","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-6419","contributorId":248733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thornton","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49996,"text":"Stockholm University, Department of Geological Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm, Sweden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Abbott, Benjamin 0000-0001-5861-3481","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5861-3481","contributorId":215170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abbott","given":"Benjamin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39191,"text":"Bringham Young Unviersity","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frederick, Jennifer M. 0000-0003-2414-778X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2414-778X","contributorId":208631,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frederick","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37851,"text":"Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, UNITED STATES","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vonk, Jorien E.","contributorId":150794,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vonk","given":"Jorien","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":18101,"text":"Utrecht University, The Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Overduin, Paul","contributorId":248328,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Overduin","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49850,"text":"Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schadel, Christina","contributorId":202385,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schadel","given":"Christina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36405,"text":"University of Northern Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schuur, E.A.G.","contributorId":199638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schuur","given":"E.A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bourbonnais, A.","contributorId":248726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bourbonnais","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49991,"text":"University of South Carolina, School of the Earth, Ocean and Environment, South Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Demidova, N.","contributorId":61659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demidova","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Gavrilov, Anatoly","contributorId":209709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gavrilov","given":"Anatoly","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37971,"text":"Directorate of Taimyrsky Reserves","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"He, Shengping 0000-0003-4245-357X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4245-357X","contributorId":257293,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"He","given":"Shengping","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":28158,"text":"University of Bergen","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Gustaf Hugelius, Gustaf 0000-0002-8096-1594","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8096-1594","contributorId":202100,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gustaf Hugelius","given":"Gustaf","affiliations":[{"id":36343,"text":"Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Jakobsson, Martin","contributorId":166854,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jakobsson","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24562,"text":"Stockholm University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Jones, Miriam C. 0000-0002-6650-7619 miriamjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6650-7619","contributorId":4056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Miriam","email":"miriamjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Joung, DoongJoo 0000-0002-2711-3780","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2711-3780","contributorId":245909,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joung","given":"DoongJoo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37381,"text":"University of Rochester","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Kraev, Gleb","contributorId":257294,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kraev","given":"Gleb","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":28162,"text":"Vrije University Amsterdam","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":12544,"text":"Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Macdonald, Robie W.","contributorId":167171,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Macdonald","given":"Robie","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"McGuire, A. David 0000-0003-4646-0750 ffadm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4646-0750","contributorId":166708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A.","email":"ffadm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":814029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Mu, Cuicui","contributorId":168877,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mu","given":"Cuicui","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25375,"text":"Lanzhou University, PR China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"O’Regan, M.","contributorId":38361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Regan","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Schreiner, Kathryn M.","contributorId":201540,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schreiner","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36192,"text":"Large Lakes Observatory, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota, USA.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Stranne, Christian","contributorId":166862,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stranne","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24562,"text":"Stockholm University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Pizhankova, Elena","contributorId":257306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pizhankova","given":"Elena","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16615,"text":"Moscow State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Vasiliev, A.","contributorId":216063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vasiliev","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Westermann, S.","contributorId":216066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Westermann","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Zarnetske, Jay P.","contributorId":210073,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zarnetske","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Zhang, Tingjun","contributorId":66600,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Tingjun","affiliations":[{"id":28117,"text":"Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Ghandehari, M","contributorId":196539,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ghandehari","given":"M","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Baeumler, Sarah 0000-0003-1772-8180","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1772-8180","contributorId":257317,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baeumler","given":"Sarah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":32910,"text":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Brown, Brian C.","contributorId":257319,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":48387,"text":"BYU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Frei, Rebecca J.","contributorId":247665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frei","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6681,"text":"Brigham Young University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32}]}} ,{"id":70217861,"text":"70217861 - 2020 - Building loss in WUI disasters: Evaluating the core components of the wildland-urban interface definition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-08T13:41:21.059551","indexId":"70217861","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-20T07:39:31","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5678,"text":"Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Building loss in WUI disasters: Evaluating the core components of the wildland-urban interface definition","docAbstract":"
Accurate maps of the wildland–urban interface (WUI) are critical for the development of effective land management policies, conducting risk assessments, and the mitigation of wildfire risk. Most WUI maps identify areas at risk from wildfire by overlaying coarse-scale housing data with land cover or vegetation data. However, it is unclear how well the current WUI mapping methods capture the patterns of building loss. We quantified the building loss in WUI disasters, and then compared how well census-based and point-based WUI maps captured the building loss. We examined the building loss in both WUI and non-WUI land-use types, and in relation to the core components of the United States Federal Register WUI definition: housing density, vegetation cover, and proximity to large patches of wildland vegetation. We used building location data from 70 large fires in the conterminous United States, which cumulatively destroyed 54,000 buildings from 2000 through to 2018. We found that: (1) 86% and 97% of the building loss occurred in areas designated as WUI using the census-based and point-based methods, respectively; (2) 95% and 100% of all of the losses occurred within 100 m and 850 m of wildland vegetation, respectively; and (3) WUI components were the most predictive of building loss when measured at fine scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/fire3040073","usgsCitation":"Caggiano, M.D., Hawbaker, T., Gannon, B., and Hoffman, C., 2020, Building loss in WUI disasters: Evaluating the core components of the wildland-urban interface definition: Fire, v. 3, no. 4, 73, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/fire3040073.","productDescription":"73, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-123866","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fire3040073","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":383088,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caggiano, Michael D.","contributorId":175232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caggiano","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hawbaker, Todd 0000-0003-0930-9154 tjhawbaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-9154","contributorId":568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawbaker","given":"Todd","email":"tjhawbaker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gannon, Benjamin","contributorId":248813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gannon","given":"Benjamin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoffman, Chad ","contributorId":175234,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Chad ","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70249387,"text":"70249387 - 2020 - Gas hydrate quantification in Walker Ridge block 313, Gulf of Mexico, from full-waveform inversion of ocean-bottom seismic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-05T12:23:00.788749","indexId":"70249387","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-20T07:17:38","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3906,"text":"Interpretation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas hydrate quantification in Walker Ridge block 313, Gulf of Mexico, from full-waveform inversion of ocean-bottom seismic data","docAbstract":"

The Gulf of Mexico (GOM) Joint Industry Project Leg 2 logging-while-drilling data in Walker Ridge lease block 313 (WR313) in the GOM detected gas hydrate in coarse- and fine-grained sediments at sites WR313-G and WR313-H. The coarse-grained units are thin (⁠<10  m⁠) and highly saturated, whereas the fine-grained unit is thick (approximately 200 m) with low saturation and fracture-filling gas hydrate. Unlike its coarse-grained counterpart, the seismic character of the fine-grained unit does not clearly indicate the presence of gas hydrate, which would likely have remained undiscovered in the absence of drilling. In this paper, through frequency-domain acoustic full-waveform inversion (FWI) of ocean-bottom seismometer data along a 2D multichannel seismic transect near sites WR313-G and WR313-H, we detect and quantify gas hydrate in the fine-grained unit. Key results are as follows: First, the base of the gas hydrate stability zone, which is not obvious in the reflection profile, can be discerned in the FWI results. Second, the gas hydrate in the fine-grained unit is mainly confined to the area between two sets of opposite-dipping normal faults implying that the fault architecture may be partially responsible for this gas hydrate accumulation and distribution.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/INT-2018-0165.1","usgsCitation":"Wang, J., Jaiswal, P., Haines, S.S., Yang, Y., and Hart, P.E., 2020, Gas hydrate quantification in Walker Ridge block 313, Gulf of Mexico, from full-waveform inversion of ocean-bottom seismic data: Interpretation, v. 8, no. 1, p. T27-T42, https://doi.org/10.1190/INT-2018-0165.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"T27","endPage":"T42","ipdsId":"IP-101701","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421672,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.65078172500313,\n 29.442159076439353\n ],\n [\n -92.65078172500313,\n 26.453314221515612\n ],\n [\n -88.51962045154175,\n 26.453314221515612\n ],\n [\n -88.51962045154175,\n 29.442159076439353\n ],\n [\n -92.65078172500313,\n 29.442159076439353\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Jiliang","contributorId":330613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Jiliang","affiliations":[{"id":32415,"text":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaiswal, Priyank","contributorId":330614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaiswal","given":"Priyank","affiliations":[{"id":78942,"text":"Oklahoma State Univ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haines, Seth S. 0000-0003-2611-8165 shaines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-8165","contributorId":1344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"Seth","email":"shaines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":885433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yang, Yihong","contributorId":330615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yang","given":"Yihong","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":32415,"text":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hart, Patrick E. 0000-0002-5080-1426 hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-1426","contributorId":2879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Patrick","email":"hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":885435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70216971,"text":"70216971 - 2020 - Potomac tributary report: A summary of trends in tidal water quality and associated factors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-22T13:01:40.234084","indexId":"70216971","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-18T13:14:18","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Potomac tributary report: A summary of trends in tidal water quality and associated factors","docAbstract":"The Potomac Tributary Report summarizes change over time in a suite of monitored tidal water quality parameters and associated potential drivers of those trends for the time period 1985 – 2018, and provides a brief description of the current state of knowledge explaining these observed changes. Water quality parameters described include surface total nitrogen (TN), surface total phosphorus (TP), spring and summer surface chlorophyll a, summer bottom dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations, and Secchi disk depth (a measure of water clarity). Results for annual surface water temperature, bottom TP, bottom TN, surface ortho-phosphate (PO4), surface dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), surface total suspended solids (TSS), and summer surface DO concentrations are provided in an Appendix. Drivers discussed include physiographic watershed characteristics, changes in N, P, and sediment loads from the watershed to tidal waters, expected effects of changing land use, and implementation of nutrient management and natural resource conservation practices. Factors internal to estuarine waters that also play a role as drivers are described including biogeochemical processes, physical forces such as wind-driven mixing of the water column, and biological factors such as phytoplankton biomass and the presence of submersed aquatic vegetation.\n\nTotal nutrient concentrations have been decreasing at most stations in the Potomac River over the long-term, with improvements persisting in the last 10 years as well. These trends follow from the decreasing discharge from TN and TP sources in the watershed. The TP source reductions are not as apparent in the direct loads to the river, which may be part of the reason that tidal nutrient concentrations are not decreasing at as many stations in the short-term as the long-term. While degrading chlorophyll a and Secchi depth trends at several Potomac monitoring stations are concerning, recent improvements in summer oxygen concentrations are promising. The findings that chlorophyll a concentrations in the lower Potomac have either leveled out or improved may suggest a smaller amount of phytoplankton biomass available to fuel summer oxygen depletion. The responses of chlorophyll a, Secchi depth, and bottom DO are mixed in the Potomac tidal waters, but there are multiple possible reasons for this lag in response. Continuing to track water quality response and investigating these possibilities are important steps to understanding water quality patterns and changes in the Potomac River.","language":"English","publisher":"Chesapeake Bay Program Office","usgsCitation":"Keisman, J.L., Murphy, R., Devereux, O., Harcum, J., Karrh, R., Lane, M., Perry, E., Webber, J.S., Wei, Z., Zhang, Q., and Petenbrink, M.N., 2020, Potomac tributary report: A summary of trends in tidal water quality and associated factors, 48 p.","productDescription":"48 p.","ipdsId":"IP-116578","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420011,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://cast-content.chesapeakebay.net/documents/TribSummaries%2FPotomac%20Tidal%20Tributary%20Report%20Final%202020-12-18.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":382768,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":387867,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cast.chesapeakebay.net/Home/TMDLTracking#tributaryRptsSection","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Viginia","otherGeospatial":"Potomic River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.1123046875,\n 37.42252593456307\n ],\n [\n -76.2890625,\n 37.42252593456307\n ],\n [\n -76.2890625,\n 40.212440718286466\n ],\n [\n -80.1123046875,\n 40.212440718286466\n ],\n [\n -80.1123046875,\n 37.42252593456307\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keisman, Jennifer L. 0000-0001-6808-9193 jkeisman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6808-9193","contributorId":198107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keisman","given":"Jennifer","email":"jkeisman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murphy, Rebecca 0000-0003-3391-1823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3391-1823","contributorId":199777,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"Rebecca","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37215,"text":"University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":807120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Devereux, Olivia H. 0000-0002-3911-3307","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3911-3307","contributorId":198108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Devereux","given":"Olivia H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":807121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harcum, J.","contributorId":248519,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harcum","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Karrh, R.","contributorId":248520,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karrh","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lane, M.","contributorId":248521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lane","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Perry, E.","contributorId":248522,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perry","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Webber, James S. 0000-0001-6636-1368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6636-1368","contributorId":222000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webber","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wei, Zhaoying","contributorId":245828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wei","given":"Zhaoying","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Zhang, Qian 0000-0003-0500-5655","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-5655","contributorId":174393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Qian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38802,"text":"University of Maryland Center for Environmental Studies","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Petenbrink, Meghan Nicole 0000-0002-2944-9691","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2944-9691","contributorId":245829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petenbrink","given":"Meghan","email":"","middleInitial":"Nicole","affiliations":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70223486,"text":"70223486 - 2020 - Estimating the invasion extent of Asian swamp eel (Monopterus: Synbranchidae) in an altered river of the south-eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-30T13:25:27.947909","indexId":"70223486","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-18T08:21:38","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2681,"text":"Marine and Freshwater Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating the invasion extent of Asian swamp eel (Monopterus: Synbranchidae) in an altered river of the south-eastern United States","docAbstract":"

The first reported invasion of Asian swamp eels (Monopterus albus, ASE) in the continental United States was in the state of Georgia in 1994. This population was first discovered within several ponds on a private nature centre, but the ponds drained via an outflow pipe into marsh habitats along the Chattahoochee River. Our objective was to delineate the current invasion extent of ASE in the Chattahoochee River, Georgia, by sampling juvenile ASE within an occupancy modelling framework. We sampled 111 and 100 sites in 2015 and 2016 respectively, on 10 occasions, each within a 2-km radius of the purported invasion point to estimate the spatial extent of their invasion in this system. Leaf-litter traps (LLTs) were effective at documenting an increase in the invasion extent of ASE, from within 100 m of the Chattahoochee Nature Center pond outflow to 1.6 km away. Documenting the extent of invasion of this population has proven elusive in the past, but the use of LLTs to target juvenile eels has documented a larger invasion extent than previously known in the study system. The results of this research can be used to develop effective control and management strategies, such as locating potential breeding areas for targeted removal sampling.

","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","doi":"10.1071/MF20257","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J., Taylor, A., and Long, J.M., 2020, Estimating the invasion extent of Asian swamp eel (Monopterus: Synbranchidae) in an altered river of the south-eastern United States: Marine and Freshwater Research, v. 72, no. 6, p. 811-822, https://doi.org/10.1071/MF20257.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"811","endPage":"822","ipdsId":"IP-100884","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388657,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Chattahoochee River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.078125,\n 33.25706340236547\n ],\n [\n -85.078125,\n 33.30298618122413\n ],\n [\n -85.330810546875,\n 33.119150226768866\n ],\n [\n -85.25390625,\n 32.85190345738802\n ],\n [\n -85.10009765625,\n 32.37068286611427\n ],\n [\n -85.242919921875,\n 32.0639555946604\n ],\n [\n -85.220947265625,\n 31.62532121329918\n ],\n [\n -85.20996093749999,\n 31.50362930577303\n ],\n [\n -85.177001953125,\n 31.156408414557\n ],\n [\n -84.990234375,\n 30.89279747750818\n ],\n [\n -84.88037109375,\n 30.62845887475364\n ],\n [\n -84.6826171875,\n 30.817346256492073\n ],\n [\n -84.891357421875,\n 31.175209828310845\n ],\n [\n -84.990234375,\n 31.774877618507386\n ],\n [\n -84.825439453125,\n 32.41706632846282\n ],\n [\n -85.05615234375,\n 32.79651010951669\n ],\n [\n -85.078125,\n 33.25706340236547\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. R.","contributorId":264886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, A. T.","contributorId":264887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"A. T.","affiliations":[{"id":54572,"text":"University of Central Oklahoma","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Long, James M. 0000-0002-8658-9949 jmlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-9949","contributorId":3453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"James","email":"jmlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":822141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70216992,"text":"70216992 - 2020 - Fish out of water: Insights from a case study of a highly social animal that failed the mirror self-recognition test","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-22T13:25:52.080479","indexId":"70216992","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-18T07:25:34","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7476,"text":"International Journal of Comparative Psychology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish out of water: Insights from a case study of a highly social animal that failed the mirror self-recognition test","docAbstract":"

Mirror self-recognition (MSR) tests have been conducted with a variety of species with the aim of examining whether subject animals have the capacity for self-awareness. To date, the majority of animals that have convincingly passed are highly social mammals whose wild counterparts live in complex societies, though there is much debate concerning what constitutes passing and what passing means in terms of self-awareness. Amid recent reports that a fish (cleaner wrasse, Labroides dimidiatus) passed, it is intriguing that a mammal as highly social, tolerant, attentive, and cooperative as the grey wolf (Canis lupus) reportedly failed the test. Given the many possible reasons for failure, we aimed to elucidate the wolves’ responses at various stages of the MSR test to pinpoint potential problem areas where species-appropriate modifications to the test may be needed. Thus, we evaluated 6 socialized, captive grey wolves as a case study of failed MSR in socially complex canids. At a minimum, wolves did not respond to their reflection as an unfamiliar conspecific. Unfortunately, the wolves rapidly lost interest in the mirror and were uninterested in the applied marks. We note limitations of the MSR test for this species, recommend changes for future MSR tests of wolves, discuss other emerging self-cognizance methods for socially complex canids, and highlight the need for a suite of ecologically relevant, potentially scalable self-cognizance methods. Our findings and recommendations may aid in understanding self-cognizance in other untested highly social, cooperatively-hunting, coursing, terrestrial carnivores such as African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus), spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta), and African lions (Panthera leo).

","language":"English","publisher":"UCLA","usgsCitation":"Barber-Meyer, S., and Schmidt, L.J., 2020, Fish out of water: Insights from a case study of a highly social animal that failed the mirror self-recognition test: International Journal of Comparative Psychology, v. 33, 16 p.","productDescription":"16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-090921","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381567,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":381566,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0bk066tc"}],"volume":"33","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barber-Meyer, Shannon 0000-0002-3048-2616","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3048-2616","contributorId":217941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber-Meyer","given":"Shannon","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, Lori J.","contributorId":245856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Lori","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":49346,"text":"International Wolf Center, Ely, MN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}