The National Park System covers more than 84 million acres and is comprised of more than 401 sites across the Nation. These lands managed by the National Park Service (NPS) serve as recreational destinations for visitors from across the Nation and around the world. On vacations or on day trips, NPS visitors spend time and money in the gateway communities surrounding NPS sites. Spending by NPS visitors generates and supports a considerable amount of economic activity within park gateway economies. The NPS has been measuring and reporting visitor spending and economic effects for the past 25 years. The 2012 analysis marked a major revision to the NPS visitor spending effects analyses, with the development of the Visitor Spending Effects model (VSE model) which replaced the previous Money Generation Model (see Cullinane Thomas et al. (2014) for a description of how the VSE model differs from the previous model). This report provides updated VSE estimates associated with 2014 NPS visitation.
\nSystem-wide visitation estimates in 2014 increased by 7% (or 19.2 million visits) compared to 2013 (Ziesler, 2015). Visitation in 2014 rebounded from a 2013 decline that included a 16-day government shutdown and many park closures for repairs after Superstorm Sandy hit the Northeast in late 2012. The re-opening of the Washington Monument, some 21 months after it was rocked by an earthquake and repaired, also added to 2014 visitation numbers. Additionally, several national parks saw record-breaking visitation in 2014, including Joshua Tree, Rocky Mountain, Grand Teton and Glacier national parks.
\nThis report begins by presenting an overview of economic effects analyses, followed by details about the data and methods used for this analysis and 2014 model updates. Estimates of NPS visitor spending in 2014 and resulting economic effects at the local, state, regional, and national levels are then presented. The report concludes with a description of current data limitations. Park-level spending and economic effects estimates are included in the appendix.
\nNew this year, results from the Visitor Spending Effects report series are available online via an interactive tool. Users can explore current year visitor spending, jobs, labor income, value added, and output effects by sector for national, state, and local economies. This interactive tool is available via the NPS Social Science Program webpage at http://www.nature.nps.gov/socialscience/economics.cfm.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","collaboration":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Cullinane Thomas, C., Huber, C., and Koontz, L., 2015, 2014 National Park visitor spending effects: economic contributions to local communities, states, and the nation: Natural Resource Report NPS/NRSS/EQD/NRR—2015/947, vi, 42 p.","productDescription":"vi, 42 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064070","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326860,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":301102,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.nature.nps.gov/socialscience/docs/VSE2014_Final.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b6dc2ee4b03fd6b7d94bf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cullinane Thomas, Catherine 0000-0001-8168-1271 ccullinanethomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8168-1271","contributorId":141097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cullinane Thomas","given":"Catherine","email":"ccullinanethomas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huber, Christopher 0000-0001-8446-8134 chuber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8446-8134","contributorId":127600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huber","given":"Christopher","email":"chuber@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koontz, Lynne koontzl@usgs.gov","contributorId":2174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koontz","given":"Lynne","email":"koontzl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":7016,"text":"Environmental Quality Division, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189465,"text":"70189465 - 2015 - Identifying sediment sources in the sediment TMDL process","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-13T13:10:35","indexId":"70189465","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Identifying sediment sources in the sediment TMDL process","docAbstract":"Sediment is an important pollutant contributing to aquatic-habitat degradation in many waterways of the United States. This paper discusses the application of sediment budgets in conjunction with sediment fingerprinting as tools to determine the sources of sediment in impaired waterways. These approaches complement monitoring, assessment, and modeling of sediment erosion, transport, and storage in watersheds. Combining the sediment fingerprinting and sediment budget approaches can help determine specific adaptive management plans and techniques applied to targeting hot spots or areas of high erosion.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 3rd Joint Federal Interagency Conference (10th Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference and 5th Federal Interagency Hydrologic Modeling Conference)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 3rd Joint Federal Interagency Conference (10th Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference and 5th Federal Interagency Hydrologic Modeling Conference)","conferenceDate":"April 19-23, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Reno, VA","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Gellis, A., Fitzpatrick, F., Schubauer-Berigan, J.P., Landy, R., and Gorman Sanisaca, L., 2015, Identifying sediment sources in the sediment TMDL process, in Proceedings of the 3rd Joint Federal Interagency Conference (10th Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference and 5th Federal Interagency Hydrologic Modeling Conference), Reno, VA, April 19-23, 2015, p. 1983-1991.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1983","endPage":"1991","ipdsId":"IP-062527","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343799,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://acwi.gov/sos/pubs/3rdJFIC/Proceedings.pdf"},{"id":343800,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"596886a2e4b0d1f9f05f59ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gellis, Allen C. 0000-0002-3449-2889 agellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-2889","contributorId":1709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gellis","given":"Allen C.","email":"agellis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":375,"text":"Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":704787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Faith A. 0000-0002-9748-7075 fafitzpa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-7075","contributorId":173463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Faith A.","email":"fafitzpa@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":704788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schubauer-Berigan, Joseph P.","contributorId":106220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schubauer-Berigan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landy, R.B.","contributorId":101360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landy","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gorman Sanisaca, Lillian E. 0000-0003-1711-3864 lgormansanisaca@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1711-3864","contributorId":172247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorman Sanisaca","given":"Lillian E.","email":"lgormansanisaca@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":704791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70176445,"text":"70176445 - 2015 - Evaluation of stream flow effects on smolt survival in the Yakima River Basin, Washington, 2012-2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T12:47:53","indexId":"70176445","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Evaluation of stream flow effects on smolt survival in the Yakima River Basin, Washington, 2012-2014","docAbstract":"The influence of stream flow on survival of emigrating juvenile (smolts) Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. and steelhead trout O. mykiss is of key management interest. However, few studies have quantified flow effects on smolt migration survival, and available information does not indicate a consistent flow-survival relationship within the typical range of flows under\r\nmanagement control. It is hypothesized that smolt migration and dam passage survival are positively correlated with stream flow because higher flows increase migration rates, potentially reducing exposure to predation, and reduce delays in reservoirs. However, available empirical data are somewhat equivocal concerning the influence of flow on smolt survival and the underlying mechanisms driving this relationship. Stream flow effects on survival of emigrating anadromous salmonids in the Yakima Basin have concerned water users and fisheries managers for over 20 years, and previous studies do not provide sufficient information at the resolution\r\nnecessary to inform water operations, which typically occur on a small spatiotemporal scale. Using a series of controlled flow releases from 2012-2014, combined with radio telemetry, we quantified the relationship between flow and smolt survival from Roza Dam 208 km downstream\r\nto the Yakima River mouth, as well as for specific routes of passage at Roza Dam. A novel multistate mark-recapture model accounted for weekly variation in flow conditions experienced by radio-tagged fish.\r\n\r\nGroups of fish were captured and radio-tagged at Roza Dam and released at two locations, upstream at the Big Pines Campground (river kilometer [rkm] 211) and downstream in the Roza Dam tailrace (rkm 208). A total of 904 hatchery-origin yearling Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha were captured in the Roza Dam fish bypass, radio-tagged and released upstream of Roza Dam.\r\nTwo hundred thirty seven fish were released in the tailrace of Roza Dam. Fish released in the tailrace of Roza Dam were tagged concurrently with fish released upstream of the dam using identical tagging methods. Tagging and release events were conducted to target a range of flow conditions indicative of flows observed during the typical migration period (March-May) for\r\njuvenile spring Chinook salmon in the Yakima River. Three, five and four separate upstream releases were conducted in 2012, 2013, and 2014 respectively, and at least 43 fish were released alive on each occasion. The release sample sizes in 2014 were much larger (~130) compared to previous years for the purpose of increasing precision of survival estimates across the range of flows tested.\r\n\r\nMigration movements of radio-tagged spring Chinook salmon smolts were monitored with an array of telemetry receiver stations (fixed sites) that extended 208 rkm downstream from the forebay of Roza Dam to the mouth of the Yakima River. Fixed monitoring sites included the forebay of Roza Dam (rkm 208), the tailrace of Roza Dam (rkm 207.9), the mouth of Wenas Creek (rkm 199.2), the mouth of the Naches River (two sites, rkm 189.4), Sunnyside Dam (two sites, rkm 169.1), Prosser Dam (rkm 77.2), and the mouth of the Yakima River (two sites, rkm2 3). This array segregated the study area into four discrete reaches in which survival of tagged fish was estimated. Aerial and underwater antennas were also used to monitor tagged fish at Roza Dam. Aerial antennas were located in the forebay, on the East gate, on the West gate, and in the tailrace of Roza Dam. Underwater antennas were located in the fish bypass, upstream of the East gate, and upstream of the West gate to collect route-specific passage data for tagged fish.\r\n\r\nAdditional years of data collection and analysis could alter or improve our understanding of the influence of flow and other environmental factors on smolt survival in the Yakima River. Nevertheless, during 2012-2014, yearling hatchery Chinook salmon smolt emigration survival was significantly associated with stream flow in the","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation ","collaboration":"Cramer Fish Sciences","usgsCitation":"Courter, I., Garrison, T., Kock, T.J., and Perry, R.W., 2015, Evaluation of stream flow effects on smolt survival in the Yakima River Basin, Washington, 2012-2014, 67 p. .","productDescription":"67 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"67","ipdsId":"IP-066202","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336269,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328633,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fishsciences.net/reports/2015/FinalRozaTechReport9-23-15.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b548c3e4b01ccd54fddfd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Courter, Ian","contributorId":173188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Courter","given":"Ian","affiliations":[{"id":27180,"text":"Mount Hood Environmental","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garrison, Tommy","contributorId":174619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garrison","given":"Tommy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27482,"text":"Cramer Fish Sciences, 600 NW Fariss Rd., Gresham, OR 97030","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kock, Tobias J. 0000-0001-8976-0230 tkock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8976-0230","contributorId":3038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kock","given":"Tobias","email":"tkock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Perry, Russell W. 0000-0003-4110-8619 rperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":2820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","email":"rperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70174890,"text":"70174890 - 2015 - Contrasting fish assemblages in free-flowing and impounded tributaries to the Upper Delaware River: Implications for conserving biodiversity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-03T16:26:44","indexId":"70174890","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Contrasting fish assemblages in free-flowing and impounded tributaries to the Upper Delaware River: Implications for conserving biodiversity","docAbstract":"The Neversink River and the Beaver Kill in southeastern New York are major tributaries to the Delaware River, the longest undammed river east of the Mississippi. While the Beaver Kill is free flowing for its entire length, the Neversink River is subdivided by the Neversink Reservoir, which likely affects the diversity of local fish assemblages and health of aquatic ecosystems. The reservoir is an important part of the New York City waster-supply system that provides drinking water to more than 9 million people. Fish population and community data from recent quantitative surveys at comparable sites in both basins were assessed to characterize the differences between free-flowing and impounded rivers and the extent of reservoir effects to improve our capacity to define ecosystems responses that two modified flow-release programs (implemented in 2007 and 2011) should produce in the Neversink River. In general, the continuum of changes in fish assemblages which normally occur between headwaters and mouth was relatively uninterrupted in the Beaver Kill, but disrupted by the mid-basin impoundment in the Neversink River. Fish assemblages were also adversely affected at several acidified sites in the upper Neversink River, but not at most sites assessed herein. The reservoir clearly excluded diadromous species from the upper sub-basin, but it also substantially reduced community richness, diversity, and biomass at several mid-basin sites immediately downstream from the impoundment. There results will aid future attempts to determine if fish assemblages respond to more natural, yet highly regulated, flow regimes in the Neversink River. More important, knowledge gained from this study can help optimize use of valuable water resources while promoting species of special concern, such as American eel (Anguilla rostrata) and conserving biodiversity in Catskill Mountain streams.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Environmental Research","language":"English","publisher":"Nova Science Publishers, Inc.","collaboration":"The Nature Conservancy; Pike County PA; USGS","usgsCitation":"Baldigo, B.P., Delucia, M., Keller, W.D., Schuler, G.E., Apse, C.D., and Moberg, T., 2015, Contrasting fish assemblages in free-flowing and impounded tributaries to the Upper Delaware River: Implications for conserving biodiversity, chap. of Advances in Environmental Research, v. 45, p. 43-70.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"70","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044340","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326081,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325458,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/index.php"}],"volume":"45","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a315bce4b006cb45558a48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119 bbaldigo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":1234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry","email":"bbaldigo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delucia, Mari-Beth","contributorId":173018,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delucia","given":"Mari-Beth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7041,"text":"The Nature Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keller, Walter D.","contributorId":14813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schuler, George E.","contributorId":37005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuler","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Apse, Colin D.","contributorId":54680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Apse","given":"Colin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Moberg, Tara","contributorId":173019,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moberg","given":"Tara","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7041,"text":"The Nature Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70182726,"text":"70182726 - 2015 - Climate change and vulnerability of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in a fire-prone landscape.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-20T14:24:45","indexId":"70182726","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate change and vulnerability of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in a fire-prone landscape.","docAbstract":"Linked atmospheric and wildfire changes will complicate future management of native coldwater fishes in fire-prone landscapes, and new approaches to management that incorporate uncertainty are needed to address this challenge. We used a Bayesian network (BN) approach to evaluate population vulnerability of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in the Wenatchee River basin, Washington, USA, under current and future climate and fire scenarios. The BN was based on modeled estimates of wildfire, water temperature, and physical habitat prior to, and following, simulated fires throughout the basin. We found that bull trout population vulnerability depended on the extent to which climate effects can be at least partially offset by managing factors such as habitat connectivity and fire size. Moreover, our analysis showed that local management can significantly reduce the vulnerability of bull trout to climate change given appropriate management actions. Tools such as our BN that explicitly integrate the linked nature of climate and wildfire, and incorporate uncertainty in both input data and vulnerability estimates, will be vital in effective future management to conserve native coldwater fishes.
Trench and wetland coring studies show that northeast‐striking strands of the Saddle Mountain fault zone ruptured the ground about 1000 years ago, generating prominent scarps. Three conspicuous subparallel fault scarps can be traced for 15 km on Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) imagery, traversing the foothills of the southeast Olympic Mountains: the Saddle Mountain east fault, the Saddle Mountain west fault, and the newly identified Sund Creek fault. Uplift of the Saddle Mountain east fault scarp impounded stream flow, forming Price Lake and submerging an existing forest, thereby leaving drowned stumps still rooted in place. Stratigraphy mapped in two trenches, one across the Saddle Mountain east fault and the other across the Sund Creek fault, records one and two earthquakes, respectively, as faulting juxtaposed Miocene‐age bedrock against glacial and postglacial deposits. Although the stratigraphy demonstrates that reverse motion generated the scarps, slip indicators measured on fault surfaces suggest a component of left‐lateral slip. From trench exposures, we estimate the postglacial slip rate to be 0.2 mm/yr and between 0.7 and 3.2 mm/yr during the past 3000 years. Integrating radiocarbon data from this study with earlier Saddle Mountain fault studies into an OxCal Bayesian statistical chronology model constrains the most recent paleoearthquake age of rupture across all three Saddle Mountain faults to 1170–970 calibrated years (cal B.P.), which overlaps with the nearby Mw 7.5 1050–1020 cal B.P. Seattle fault earthquake. An earlier earthquake recorded in the Sund Creek trench exposure, dates to around 3500 cal B.P. The geometry of the Saddle Mountain faults and their near‐synchronous rupture to nearby faults 1000 years ago suggest that the Saddle Mountain fault zone forms a western boundary fault along which the fore‐arc blocks migrate northward in response to margin‐parallel shortening across the Puget Lowland.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScience World ","doi":"10.1785/0120140086","usgsCitation":"Barnett, E., Sherrod, B.L., Hughes, J.F., Kelsey, H.M., Czajkowski, J.L., Walsh, T.J., Contreras, T.A., Schermer, E.R., and Carson, R.J., 2015, Paleoseismic evidence for late Holocene tectonic deformation along the Saddle mountain fault zone, Southeastern Olympic Peninsula, Washington: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 105, no. 1, p. 38-71, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120140086.","productDescription":"34 p. ","startPage":"38","endPage":"71","ipdsId":"IP-048994","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336292,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b548c3e4b01ccd54fddfd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnett, Elizabeth eli@usgs.gov","contributorId":2156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnett","given":"Elizabeth","email":"eli@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherrod, Brian L. 0000-0002-4492-8631 bsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4492-8631","contributorId":2834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"Brian","email":"bsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hughes, Jonathan F.","contributorId":184055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hughes","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelsey, Harvey M.","contributorId":184057,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelsey","given":"Harvey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Czajkowski, Jessica L.","contributorId":184056,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Czajkowski","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Walsh, Timothy J.","contributorId":184058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walsh","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Contreras, Trevor A.","contributorId":184059,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Contreras","given":"Trevor","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schermer, Elizabeth R.","contributorId":184060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schermer","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Carson, Robert J.","contributorId":184061,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70173418,"text":"70173418 - 2015 - Fishes of the Blackwater River Drainage, Tucker County, West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-16T16:29:02","indexId":"70173418","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3444,"text":"Southeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fishes of the Blackwater River Drainage, Tucker County, West Virginia","docAbstract":"The Blackwater River, a tributary of the upper Cheat River of the Monongahela River, hosts a modest fish fauna. This relatively low diversity of fish species is partly explained by its drainage history. The Blackwater was once part of the prehistoric, northeasterly flowing St. Lawrence River. During the Pleistocene Epoch, the fauna was significantly affected by glacial advance and by proglacial lakes and their associated overflows. After the last glacial retreat, overflow channels, deposits, and scouring altered drainage courses and connected some of the tributaries of the ancient Teays and Pittsburgh drainages. These major alterations allowed the invasion of fishes from North America's more species-rich southern waters. Here we review fish distributions based on 67 surveys at 34 sites within the Blackwater River drainage, and discuss the origin and status of 37 species. Within the Blackwater River watershed, 30 species (20 native, 10 introduced) have been reported from upstream of Blackwater Falls, whereas 29 (26 native, 3 introduced) have been documented below the Falls. Acid mine drainage, historic lumbering, and human encroachment have impacted the Blackwater's ichthyofauna. The fishes that have been most affected are Salvelinus fontinalis (Brook Trout), Clinostomus elongatus (Redside Dace), Nocomis micropogon (River Chub), Hypentelium nigricans (Northern Hog Sucker), Etheostoma flabellare (Fantail Darter), and Percina maculata(Blackside Darter). The first two species incurred range reductions, whereas the latter four were probably extirpated. In the 1990s, acid remediation dramatically improved the water quality of the river below Davis. Recent surveys in the lower drainage revealed 15 fishes where none had been observed since at least the 1940s; seven of these (Cyprinella spiloptera [Spotfin Shiner], Luxilus chrysocephalus [Striped Shiner], Notropis photogenis [Silver Shiner], N. rubellus [Rosyface Shiner];Micropterus dolomieu [Smallmouth Bass]; and Etheostoma camurum [Bluebreast Darter] and E. variatum [Variegate Darter]) represent additions to the faunal list of the Blackwater River.
","language":"English","publisher":"Eagle Hill Institute","doi":"10.1656/058.014.sp725","usgsCitation":"Cincotta, D.A., Welsh, S., Wegman, D.P., Oldham, T.E., and Hedrick, L.B., 2015, Fishes of the Blackwater River Drainage, Tucker County, West Virginia: Southeastern Naturalist, v. 14, no. 7, p. 297-313, https://doi.org/10.1656/058.014.sp725.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"297","endPage":"313","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055315","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323826,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Blackwater River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.63645935058594,\n 39.07677595221322\n ],\n [\n -79.61894989013672,\n 39.087169549791966\n ],\n [\n -79.56676483154297,\n 39.09756161605432\n ],\n [\n -79.5303726196289,\n 39.11221449135899\n ],\n [\n -79.51869964599608,\n 39.11674294565931\n ],\n [\n -79.49775695800781,\n 39.11727568585595\n ],\n [\n -79.4747543334961,\n 39.13085919986185\n ],\n [\n -79.44419860839844,\n 39.14177738036501\n ],\n [\n -79.4205093383789,\n 39.144972625112224\n ],\n [\n -79.39476013183594,\n 39.14603767446419\n ],\n [\n -79.38583374023436,\n 39.133522326822394\n ],\n [\n -79.37965393066406,\n 39.102091011833686\n ],\n [\n -79.3937301635742,\n 39.07011258429051\n ],\n [\n -79.42531585693358,\n 39.03171933700477\n ],\n [\n -79.4366455078125,\n 39.033052785617514\n ],\n [\n -79.42119598388672,\n 39.066913944207876\n ],\n [\n -79.41192626953125,\n 39.10182458484289\n ],\n [\n -79.40711975097656,\n 39.127663314571826\n ],\n [\n -79.42497253417967,\n 39.13645165015623\n ],\n [\n -79.45449829101562,\n 39.122602866278996\n ],\n [\n -79.48917388916016,\n 39.106886525487596\n ],\n [\n -79.52247619628906,\n 39.10315670972795\n ],\n [\n -79.552001953125,\n 39.089567854849314\n ],\n [\n -79.60487365722656,\n 39.07970763477322\n ],\n [\n -79.62959289550781,\n 39.074110680545374\n ],\n [\n -79.63645935058594,\n 39.07677595221322\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5763cdb5e4b07657d19ba775","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cincotta, Daniel A.","contributorId":172052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cincotta","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Welsh, Stuart A. 0000-0003-0362-054X swelsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-054X","contributorId":152088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"Stuart A.","email":"swelsh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":637102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wegman, Douglas P.","contributorId":172053,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wegman","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oldham, Thomas E.","contributorId":172054,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oldham","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hedrick, Lara B.","contributorId":50346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedrick","given":"Lara","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70128767,"text":"70128767 - 2015 - Correspondence of biological condition models of California streams at statewide and regional scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-12T09:41:38","indexId":"70128767","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correspondence of biological condition models of California streams at statewide and regional scales","docAbstract":"We used boosted regression trees (BRT) to model stream biological condition as measured by benthic macroinvertebrate taxonomic completeness, the ratio of observed to expected (O/E) taxa. Models were developed with and without exclusion of rare taxa at a site. BRT models are robust, requiring few assumptions compared with traditional modeling techniques such as multiple linear regression. The BRT models were constructed to provide baseline support to stressor delineation by identifying natural physiographic and human land use gradients affecting stream biological condition statewide and for eight ecological regions within the state, as part of the development of numerical biological objectives for California’s wadeable streams. Regions were defined on the basis of ecological, hydrologic, and jurisdictional factors and roughly corresponded with ecoregions. Physiographic and land use variables were derived from geographic information system coverages. The model for the entire state (n = 1,386) identified a composite measure of anthropogenic disturbance (the sum of urban, agricultural, and unmanaged roadside vegetation land cover) within the local watershed as the most important variable, explaining 56 % of the variance in O/E values. Models for individual regions explained between 51 and 84 % of the variance in O/E values. Measures of human disturbance were important in the three coastal regions. In the South Coast and Coastal Chaparral, local watershed measures of urbanization were the most important variables related to biological condition, while in the North Coast the composite measure of human disturbance at the watershed scale was most important. In the two mountain regions, natural gradients were most important, including slope, precipitation, and temperature. The remaining three regions had relatively small sample sizes (n ≤ 75 sites) and had models that gave mixed results. Understanding the spatial scale at which land use and land cover affect taxonomic completeness is imperative for sound management. Our results suggest that invertebrate taxonomic completeness is affected by human disturbance at the statewide and regional levels, with some differences among regions in the importance of natural gradients and types of human disturbance. The construction and application of models similar to the ones presented here could be useful in the planning and prioritization of actions for protection and conservation of biodiversity in California streams.
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Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Causes and consequences of ecosystem service regionalization in a coastal suburban watershed","docAbstract":"The demand for ecosystem services and the ability of natural ecosystems to provide those services evolve over time as population, land use, and management practices change. Regionalization of ecosystem service activity, or the expansion of the area providing ecosystem services to a population, is a common response in densely populated coastal regions, with important consequences for watershed water and nitrogen (N) fluxes to the coastal zone. We link biophysical and historical information to explore the causes and consequences of change in ecosystem service activity—focusing on water provisioning and N regulation—from 1850 to 2010 in a coastal suburban watershed, the Ipswich River watershed in northeastern Massachusetts, USA. Net interbasin water transfers started in the late 1800s due to regionalization of water supply for use by larger populations living outside the Ipswich watershed boundaries, reaching a peak in the mid-1980s. Over much of the twentieth century, about 20 % of river runoff was diverted from reaching the estuary, with greater proportions during drought years. Ongoing regionalization of water supply has contributed to recent declines in diversions, influenced by socioecological feedbacks resulting from the river drying and fish kills. Similarly, the N budget has been greatly perturbed since the suburban era began in the 1950s due to food and lawn fertilizer imports and human waste release. However, natural ecosystems are able to remove most of this anthropogenic N, mitigating impacts on the coastal zone. We propose a conceptual model whereby the amount and type of ecosystem services provided by coastal watersheds in urban regions expand and contract over time as regional population expands and ecosystem services are regionalized. We hypothesize that suburban watersheds can be hotspots of ecosystem service sources because they retain sufficient ecosystem function to still produce services that meet increasing demand from the local population and nearby urban centers. Historical reconstruction of ecosystem service activity provides a perspective that may help to better understand coupled human–natural system processes and lead to more sustainable management of coastal ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-013-9646-8","usgsCitation":"Wollheim, W.M., Green, M.B., Pellerin, B.A., Morse, N.B., and Hopkinson, C.S., 2015, Causes and consequences of ecosystem service regionalization in a coastal suburban watershed: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 1, no. 38, p. 19-34, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-013-9646-8.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"34","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043983","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-013-9646-8","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":298737,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Ipswich River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.02159023284912,\n 42.562879746999684\n ],\n [\n -71.02159023284912,\n 42.56935918843573\n ],\n [\n -71.00137710571288,\n 42.56935918843573\n ],\n [\n -71.00137710571288,\n 42.562879746999684\n ],\n [\n -71.02159023284912,\n 42.562879746999684\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"38","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550bf32be4b02e76d759cddd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wollheim, Wilfred M.","contributorId":139742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wollheim","given":"Wilfred","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":18105,"text":"University of New Hampshire, Durham","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, Mark B.","contributorId":139746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Green","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pellerin, Brian A. bpeller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Brian","email":"bpeller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morse, Nathaniel B.","contributorId":139747,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morse","given":"Nathaniel","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hopkinson, Charles S.","contributorId":139745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hopkinson","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70192722,"text":"70192722 - 2015 - Biodiversity influences plant productivity through niche–efficiency","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T13:45:31","indexId":"70192722","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biodiversity influences plant productivity through niche–efficiency","docAbstract":"The loss of biodiversity is threatening ecosystem productivity and services worldwide, spurring efforts to quantify its effects on the functioning of natural ecosystems. Previous research has focused on the positive role of biodiversity on resource acquisition (i.e., niche complementarity), but a lack of study on resource utilization efficiency, a link between resource and productivity, has rendered it difficult to quantify the biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationship. Here we demonstrate that biodiversity loss reduces plant productivity, other things held constant, through theory, empirical evidence, and simulations under gradually relaxed assumptions. We developed a theoretical model named niche–efficiency to integrate niche complementarity and a heretofore-ignored mechanism of diminishing marginal productivity in quantifying the effects of biodiversity loss on plant productivity. Based on niche–efficiency, we created a relative productivity metric and a productivity impact index (PII) to assist in biological conservation and resource management. Relative productivity provides a standardized measure of the influence of biodiversity on individual productivity, and PII is a functionally based taxonomic index to assess individual species’ inherent value in maintaining current ecosystem productivity. Empirical evidence from the Alaska boreal forest suggests that every 1% reduction in overall plant diversity could render an average of 0.23% decline in individual tree productivity. Out of the 283 plant species of the region, we found that large woody plants generally have greater PII values than other species. This theoretical model would facilitate the integration of biological conservation in the international campaign against several pressing global issues involving energy use, climate change, and poverty.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1409853112","usgsCitation":"Liang, J., Zhou, M., Tobin, P.C., McGuire, A.D., and Reich, P., 2015, Biodiversity influences plant productivity through niche–efficiency: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 112, no. 18, p. 5738-5743, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1409853112.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"5738","endPage":"5743","ipdsId":"IP-049472","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1409853112","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348464,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"18","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0425c4e4b0dc0b45b4540f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liang, Jingjing","contributorId":189197,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liang","given":"Jingjing","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhou, Mo","contributorId":189200,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhou","given":"Mo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tobin, Patrick C.","contributorId":200172,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tobin","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGuire, A. David 0000-0003-4646-0750 ffadm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4646-0750","contributorId":166708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A.","email":"ffadm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reich, Peter B.","contributorId":75835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reich","given":"Peter B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70193024,"text":"70193024 - 2015 - Low productivity of Chinook salmon strongly correlates with high summer stream discharge in two Alaskan rivers in the Yukon drainage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-07T11:03:42","indexId":"70193024","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low productivity of Chinook salmon strongly correlates with high summer stream discharge in two Alaskan rivers in the Yukon drainage","docAbstract":"Yukon River Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) populations are declining for unknown reasons, creating hardship for thousands of stakeholders in subsistence and commercial fisheries. An informed response to this crisis requires understanding the major sources of variation in Chinook salmon productivity. However, simple stock–recruitment models leave much of the variation in this system’s productivity unexplained. We tested adding environmental predictors to stock–recruitment models for two Yukon drainage spawning streams in interior Alaska — the Chena and Salcha rivers. Low productivity was strongly associated with high stream discharge during the summer of freshwater residency for young-of-the-year Chinook salmon. This association was more consistent with the hypothesis that sustained high discharge negatively affects foraging conditions than with acute mortality during floods. Productivity may have also been reduced in years when incubating eggs experienced major floods or cold summers and falls. These freshwater effects — especially density dependence and high discharge — helped explain population declines in both rivers. They are plausible as contributors to the decline of Chinook salmon throughout the Yukon River drainage.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2014-0498","usgsCitation":"Neuswanger, J.R., Wipfli, M.S., Evenson, M.J., Hughes, N.F., and Rosenberger, A.E., 2015, Low productivity of Chinook salmon strongly correlates with high summer stream discharge in two Alaskan rivers in the Yukon drainage: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 72, no. 8, p. 1125-1137, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0498.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1125","endPage":"1137","ipdsId":"IP-060444","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348348,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Chena River, Salcha River","volume":"72","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07eb8be4b09af898c8ccec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neuswanger, Jason R.","contributorId":15530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuswanger","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wipfli, Mark S. 0000-0002-4856-6068 mwipfli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4856-6068","contributorId":1425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wipfli","given":"Mark","email":"mwipfli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evenson, Matthew J.","contributorId":44434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evenson","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hughes, Nicholas F.","contributorId":40497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rosenberger, Amanda E. 0000-0002-5520-8349 arosenberger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5520-8349","contributorId":5581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberger","given":"Amanda","email":"arosenberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70193639,"text":"70193639 - 2015 - Robust global ocean cooling trend for the pre-industrial Common Era","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-02T16:52:24","indexId":"70193639","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Robust global ocean cooling trend for the pre-industrial Common Era","docAbstract":"The oceans mediate the response of global climate to natural and anthropogenic forcings. Yet for the past 2,000 years — a key interval for understanding the present and future climate response to these forcings — global sea surface temperature changes and the underlying driving mechanisms are poorly constrained. Here we present a global synthesis of sea surface temperatures for the Common Era (CE) derived from 57 individual marine reconstructions that meet strict quality control criteria. We observe a cooling trend from 1 to 1800 CEthat is robust against explicit tests for potential biases in the reconstructions. Between 801 and 1800 CE, the surface cooling trend is qualitatively consistent with an independent synthesis of terrestrial temperature reconstructions, and with a sea surface temperature composite derived from an ensemble of climate model simulations using best estimates of past external radiative forcings. Climate simulations using single and cumulative forcings suggest that the ocean surface cooling trend from 801 to 1800 CE is not primarily a response to orbital forcing but arises from a high frequency of explosive volcanism. Our results show that repeated clusters of volcanic eruptions can induce a net negative radiative forcing that results in a centennial and global scale cooling trend via a decline in mixed-layer oceanic heat content.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/ngeo2510","usgsCitation":"McGregor, H.V., Evans, M.N., Goosse, H., Leduc, G., Martrat, B., Addison, J.A., Mortyn, P.G., Oppo, D.W., Seidenkrantz, M., Sicre, M., Phipps, S.J., Selvaraj, K., Thirumalai, K., Filipsson, H.L., and Ersek, V., 2015, Robust global ocean cooling trend for the pre-industrial Common Era: Nature Geoscience, v. 8, p. 671-677, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2510.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"671","endPage":"677","ipdsId":"IP-060598","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472398,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2510","text":"External Repository"},{"id":348152,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fc2ea9e4b0531197b27f99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGregor, Helen V.","contributorId":152676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGregor","given":"Helen","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":18956,"text":"University of Wollongong (Australia)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":719713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, Michael N.","contributorId":152678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":719714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goosse, Hugues","contributorId":195035,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goosse","given":"Hugues","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leduc, Guillaume","contributorId":195043,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leduc","given":"Guillaume","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martrat, Belen","contributorId":152677,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martrat","given":"Belen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18957,"text":"Spanish Council for Scientific Research (Spain) & Univ. of Cambridge (UK)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":719717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Addison, Jason A. 0000-0003-2416-9743 jaddison@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2416-9743","contributorId":4192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Addison","given":"Jason","email":"jaddison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mortyn, P. Graham","contributorId":195047,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mortyn","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"Graham","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Oppo, Delia W.","contributorId":190717,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oppo","given":"Delia","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Seidenkrantz, Marit-Solveig","contributorId":195059,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seidenkrantz","given":"Marit-Solveig","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sicre, Marie-Alexandrine","contributorId":195061,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sicre","given":"Marie-Alexandrine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Phipps, Steven J.","contributorId":195020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phipps","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Selvaraj, Kandasamy","contributorId":199676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Selvaraj","given":"Kandasamy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Thirumalai, Kaustubh","contributorId":127444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thirumalai","given":"Kaustubh","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6732,"text":"Geological Sciences, University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":719724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Filipsson, Helena L.","contributorId":195031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Filipsson","given":"Helena","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Ersek, Vasile","contributorId":199677,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ersek","given":"Vasile","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70147431,"text":"70147431 - 2015 - Evidence for intercontinental parasite exchange through molecular detection and characterization of haematozoa in northern pintails (Anas acuta) sampled throughout the North Pacific Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-01T11:28:08","indexId":"70147431","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2025,"text":"International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for intercontinental parasite exchange through molecular detection and characterization of haematozoa in northern pintails (Anas acuta) sampled throughout the North Pacific Basin","docAbstract":"Empirical evidence supports wild birds as playing a role in the interhemispheric exchange of bacteria and viruses; however, data supporting the redistribution of parasites among continents are limited. In this study, the hypothesis that migratory birds contribute to the redistribution of parasites between continents was tested by sampling northern pintails (Anas acuta) at locations throughout the North Pacific Basin in North America and East Asia for haemosporidian infections and assessing the genetic evidence for parasite exchange. Of 878 samples collected from birds in Alaska (USA), California (USA), and Hokkaido (Japan) during August 2011 - May 2012 and screened for parasitic infections using molecular techniques, Leucocytozoon, Haemoproteus, and Plasmodium parasites were detected in 555 (63%), 44 (5%), and 52 (6%) samples, respectively. Using an occupancy modeling approach, the probability of detecting parasites via replicate genetic tests was estimated to be high (p ≥ 0.95). Multi-model inference supported variation of Leucocytozoon parasite prevalence by northern pintail age class and geographic location of sampling in contrast to Haemoproteus and Plasmodium parasites for which there was only support for variation in parasite prevalence by sampling location. Thirty-one unique mitochondrial DNA haplotypes were detected among haematozoa infecting northern pintails including seven lineages shared between samples from North America and Japan. The finding of identical parasite haplotypes at widely distributed geographic locations and general lack of genetic structuring by continent in phylogenies for Leucocytozoon and Plasmodium provides evidence for intercontinental genetic exchange of haemosporidian parasites. Results suggest that migratory birds, including waterfowl, could therefore facilitate the introduction of avian malaria and other haemosporidia to novel hosts and spatially distant regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.12.004","usgsCitation":"Ramey, A.M., Schmutz, J.A., Reed, J.A., Fujita, G., Scotton, B.D., Casler, B., Fleskes, J.P., Konishi, K., Uchida, K., and Yabsley, M.J., 2015, Evidence for intercontinental parasite exchange through molecular detection and characterization of haematozoa in northern pintails (Anas acuta) sampled throughout the North Pacific Basin: International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, v. 4, no. 1, p. 11-21, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.12.004.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059565","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.12.004","text":"Publisher Index 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By year 2100, the global human population is expected to grow to 10.4 billion under median fertility variants or higher under constant or higher fertility variants (Table 1) with over three quarters living in developing countries, in regions that already lack the capacity to produce enough food. With current agricultural practices, the increased demand for food and nutrition would require in about 2 billion hectares of additional cropland, about twice the equivalent to the land area of the United States, and lead to significant increases in greenhouse gas productions (Tillman et al., 2011). For example, during 1960-2010 world population more than doubled from 3 billion to 7 billion. The nutritional demand of the population also grew swiftly during this period from an average of about 2000 calories per day per person in 1960 to nearly 3000 calories per day per person in 2010. The food demand of increased population along with increased nutritional demand during this period (1960-2010) was met by the “green revolution” which more than tripled the food production; even though croplands decreased from about 0.43 ha/capita to 0.26 ha/capita (FAO, 2009). The increase in food production during the green revolution was the result of factors such as: (a) expansion in irrigated areas which increased from 130 Mha in 1960s to 278.4 Mha in year 2000 (Siebert et al., 2006) or 399 Mha when you do not consider cropping intensity (Thenkabail et al., 2009a, 2009b, 2009c) or 467 Mha when you consider cropping intensity (Thenkabail et al., 2009a; Thenkabail et al., 2009c); (b) increase in yield and per capita food production (e.g., cereal production from 280 kg/person to 380 kg/person and meat from 22 kg/person to 34 kg/person (McIntyre, 2008); (c) new cultivar types (e.g., hybrid varieties of wheat and rice, biotechnology); and (d) modern agronomic and crop management practices (e.g., fertilizers, herbicide, pesticide applications). However, some of the factors that lead to the green revolution have stressed the environment to limits leading to salinization and decreasing water quality. For example, from 1960 to 2000, the phosphorous use doubled from 10 million tons to 20 MT, pesticide use tripled from near zero to 3 MT, and nitrogen use as fertilizer increased to a staggering 80 MT from just 10 MT (Foley et al., 2007; Khan and Hanjra, 2008). Further, diversion of croplands to bio-fuels is already taking water away from food production; the economics, carbon sequestration, environmental, and food security impacts of biofuel production are net negative (Lal and Pimentel, 2009), leaving us with a carbon debt (Gibbs et al., 2008; Searchinger et al., 2008). Climate models predict that in most regions of the world the hottest seasons on record will become the norm by the end of the century-an outcome that bodes ill for feeding the world (Kumar and Singh, 2005). Also, crop yield increases of the green revolution era have now stagnated (Hossain et al., 2005). Thereby, further increase in food production through increase in cropland areas and\\or increased allocations of water for croplands are widely considered unsustainable and\\or infeasible. Indeed, cropland areas have even begun to decrease in many 3 parts of the World due to factors such as urbanization, industrialization, and salinization. Furthermore, ecological and environmental imperatives such as biodiversity conservation and atmospheric carbon sequestration have put a cap on the possible expansion of cropland areas to other lands such as forests and rangelands. Other important factors limit food security. These include factors such as diversion of croplands to biofuels (Bindraban et al., 2009), limited water resources for irrigation expansion (Turral et al., 2009), limits on agricultural intensifications, loss of croplands to urbanization (Khan and Hanjra, 2008), increasing meat consumption (and associated demands on land and water) (Vinnari and Tapio, 2009), environmental infeasibility for cropland expansion (Gordon et al., 2009), and changing climate have all put pressure on our continued ability to sustain global food security in the twenty-first century. So, how does the World continue to meet its food and nutrition needs?. Solutions may come from bio-technology and precision farming, however developments in these fields are not currently moving at rates that will ensure global food security over next few decades. Further, there is a need for careful consideration of possible harmful effects of bio-technology. We should not be looking back 30– 50 years from now, like we have been looking back now at many mistakes made during the green revolution. During the green revolution the focus was only on getting more yield per unit area. Little thought was put about serious damage done to our natural environments, water resources, and human health as a result of detrimental factors such as uncontrolled use of herbicides-pesticides-nutrients, drastic groundwater mining, and salinization of fertile soils due to over irrigation. Currently, there is talk of a “second green revolution” or even an “ever green revolution”, but clear ideas on what these terms actually mean are still debated and are evolving. One of the biggest issues that are not given adequate focus is the use of large quantities of water for food production. Indeed, an overwhelming proportion (60-90%) of all human water use in India goes for producing their food (Falkenmark, M., & Rockström, 2006). But such intensive water use for food production is no longer tenable due to increasing pressure for water use alternatives such as increasing urbanization, industrialization, environmental flows, bio-fuels, and recreation. This has brought into sharp focus the need to grow more food per drop of water leading to a “blue revolution”
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2015 - Numerical modeling of injection, stress and permeability enhancement during shear stimulation at the Desert Peak Enhanced Geothermal System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T10:43:46","indexId":"70189623","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2070,"text":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical modeling of injection, stress and permeability enhancement during shear stimulation at the Desert Peak Enhanced Geothermal System","docAbstract":"Creation of an Enhanced Geothermal System relies on stimulation of fracture permeability through self-propping shear failure that creates a complex fracture network with high surface area for efficient heat transfer. In 2010, shear stimulation was carried out in well 27-15 at Desert Peak geothermal field, Nevada, by injecting cold water at pressure less than the minimum principal stress. An order-of-magnitude improvement in well injectivity was recorded. Here, we describe a numerical model that accounts for injection-induced stress changes and permeability enhancement during this stimulation. In a two-part study, we use the coupled thermo-hydrological-mechanical simulator FEHM to: (i) construct a wellbore model for non-steady bottom-hole temperature and pressure conditions during the injection, and (ii) apply these pressures and temperatures as a source term in a numerical model of the stimulation. In this model, a Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion and empirical fracture permeability is developed to describe permeability evolution of the fractured rock. The numerical model is calibrated using laboratory measurements of material properties on representative core samples and wellhead records of injection pressure and mass flow during the shear stimulation. The model captures both the absence of stimulation at low wellhead pressure (WHP ≤1.7 and ≤2.4 MPa) as well as the timing and magnitude of injectivity rise at medium WHP (3.1 MPa). Results indicate that thermoelastic effects near the wellbore and the associated non-local stresses further from the well combine to propagate a failure front away from the injection well. Elevated WHP promotes failure, increases the injection rate, and cools the wellbore; however, as the overpressure drops off with distance, thermal and non-local stresses play an ongoing role in promoting shear failure at increasing distance from the well.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2015.06.003","usgsCitation":"Dempsey, D., Kelkar, S., Davatzes, N., Hickman, S.H., and Moos, D., 2015, Numerical modeling of injection, stress and permeability enhancement during shear stimulation at the Desert Peak Enhanced Geothermal System: International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, v. 78, p. 190-206, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2015.06.003.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"190","endPage":"206","ipdsId":"IP-065414","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472392,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1468563","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344012,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.68530273437499,\n 39.884450178234395\n ],\n [\n -117.56469726562499,\n 39.884450178234395\n ],\n [\n -117.56469726562499,\n 40.6056120582602\n ],\n [\n -118.68530273437499,\n 40.6056120582602\n ],\n [\n -118.68530273437499,\n 39.884450178234395\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"78","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fbae4b0d1f9f065a8d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dempsey, David","contributorId":194844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dempsey","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelkar, Sharad","contributorId":194845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelkar","given":"Sharad","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davatzes, Nick","contributorId":194846,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davatzes","given":"Nick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hickman, Stephen H. 0000-0003-2075-9615 hickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-9615","contributorId":2705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"Stephen","email":"hickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moos, Daniel","contributorId":194847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moos","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70194129,"text":"70194129 - 2015 - PESTools – A Python toolkit for processing PEST-related information","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-11T14:59:41","indexId":"70194129","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"PESTools – A Python toolkit for processing PEST-related information","docAbstract":"PESTools is an open-source Python package for processing and visualizing information associated with\nthe parameter estimation software PEST and PEST++. While PEST output can be reformatted for post-\nprocessing in spreadsheets or other menu-driven software packages, that approach can be error-prone\nand time-consuming. Managing information from highly parameterized models with thousands of\nparameters and observations presents additional challenges. PESTools consists of a set of Python object\nclasses to facilitate efficient processing and visualization of PEST-related information. Processing and\nvisualization of observation residuals, objective function contributions, parameter and observation\nsensitivities, parameter correlation and identifiability, and other common PEST outputs have been\nimplemented. PESTools is integrated with the pyemu software package for linear-based computer model\nuncertainty analyses, allowing for efficient computations using the Jacobian Matrix without any external\nutilities or files. The use of dataframe objects (pandas Python package) facilitates rapid subsetting and\nquerying of large datasets, as well as the incorporation of ancillary information such as observation\nlocations, times, measurement types, and other associated information. PESTools’ object methods can\nbe easily scripted with concise code, or alternatively, the use of IPython notebooks allows for live\ninteraction with the information. PESTools is designed to streamline workflows and provide deeper insight\ninto model behavior, enhance troubleshooting, and improve transparency in the calibration process.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"MODFLOW and More 2015 Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"MODFLOW and More 2015 Conference","usgsCitation":"Christianson, E., and Leaf, A.T., 2015, PESTools – A Python toolkit for processing PEST-related information, in MODFLOW and More 2015 Proceedings, p. 393-397.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"393","endPage":"397","ipdsId":"IP-064863","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348923,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/PESTools/pestools/blob/master/examples/MODFLOW%20and%20More%202015%20Paper.ipynb"},{"id":349919,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60febde4b06e28e9c25345","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christianson, Evan","contributorId":200427,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christianson","given":"Evan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leaf, Andrew T. 0000-0001-8784-4924 aleaf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8784-4924","contributorId":5156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leaf","given":"Andrew","email":"aleaf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70192613,"text":"70192613 - 2015 - Combined effects of climate, predation, and density dependence on Greater and Lesser Scaup population dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T11:24:34","indexId":"70192613","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combined effects of climate, predation, and density dependence on Greater and Lesser Scaup population dynamics","docAbstract":"An understanding of species relationships is critical in the management and conservation of populations facing climate change, yet few studies address how climate alters species interactions and other population drivers. We use a long-term, broad-scale data set of relative abundance to examine the influence of climate, predators, and density dependence on the population dynamics of declining scaup (Aythya) species within the core of their breeding range. The state-space modeling approach we use applies to a wide range of wildlife species, especially populations monitored over broad spatiotemporal extents. Using this approach, we found that immediate snow cover extent in the preceding winter and spring had the strongest effects, with increases in mean snow cover extent having a positive effect on the local surveyed abundance of scaup. The direct effects of mesopredator abundance on scaup population dynamics were weaker, but the results still indicated a potential interactive process between climate and food web dynamics (mesopredators, alternative prey, and scaup). By considering climate variables and other potential effects on population dynamics, and using a rigorous estimation framework, we provide insight into complex ecological processes for guiding conservation and policy actions aimed at mitigating and reversing the decline of scaup.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/14-0582.1","usgsCitation":"Ross, B., Hooten, M., DeVink, J., and Koons, D.N., 2015, Combined effects of climate, predation, and density dependence on Greater and Lesser Scaup population dynamics: Ecological Applications, v. 25, no. 6, p. 1606-1617, https://doi.org/10.1890/14-0582.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1606","endPage":"1617","ipdsId":"IP-054162","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348574,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a06c8d4e4b09af898c8616a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, Beth E.","contributorId":56124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Beth E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooten, Mevin 0000-0002-1614-723X mhooten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1614-723X","contributorId":2958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"Mevin","email":"mhooten@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12963,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":716559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeVink, Jean-Michel","contributorId":127663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeVink","given":"Jean-Michel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6779,"text":"Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Koons, David N.","contributorId":28137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koons","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70146540,"text":"70146540 - 2015 - Understanding the signature of rock coatings in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-17T14:53:16","indexId":"70146540","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding the signature of rock coatings in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy data","docAbstract":"Surface compositional features on rocks such as coatings and weathering rinds provide important information about past aqueous environments and water–rock interactions. The search for these features represents an important aspect of the Curiosity rover mission. With its unique ability to do fine-scale chemical depth profiling, the ChemCam laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy instrument (LIBS) onboard Curiosity can be used to both identify and analyze rock surface alteration features. In this study we analyze a terrestrial manganese-rich rock varnish coating on a basalt rock in the laboratory with the ChemCam engineering model to determine the LIBS signature of a natural rock coating. Results show that there is a systematic decrease in peak heights for elements such as Mn that are abundant in the coating but not the rock. There is significant spatial variation in the relative abundance of coating elements detected by LIBS depending on where on the rock surface sampled; this is due to the variability in thickness and spatial discontinuities in the coating. Similar trends have been identified in some martian rock targets in ChemCam data, suggesting that these rocks may have coatings or weathering rinds on their surfaces.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2014.05.038","usgsCitation":"Lanza, N.L., Ollila, A.M., Cousin, A., Wiens, R.C., Clegg, S.M., Mangold, N., Bridges, N., Cooper, D., Schmidt, M.E., Berger, J., Arvidson, R.E., Melikechi, N., Newsom, H.E., Tokar, R., Hardgrove, C., Mezzacappa, A., Jackson, R.S., Clark, B., Forni, O., Maurice, S., Nachon, M., Anderson, R.B., Blank, J., Deans, M., Delapp, D., Léveillé, R., McInroy, R., Martinez, R., Meslin, P., and Pinet, P., 2015, Understanding the signature of rock coatings in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy data: Icarus, v. 249, p. 62-73, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2014.05.038.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"62","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052703","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science 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Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mangold, Nicolas","contributorId":52903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mangold","given":"Nicolas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bridges, Nathan","contributorId":55168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bridges","given":"Nathan","affiliations":[{"id":7166,"text":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cooper, Daniel","contributorId":140332,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooper","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13447,"text":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schmidt, 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waves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-02T13:21:49","indexId":"70193648","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Non-perturbational surface-wave inversion: A Dix-type relation for surface waves","docAbstract":"We extend the approach underlying the well-known Dix equation in reflection seismology to surface waves. Within the context of surface wave inversion, the Dix-type relation we derive for surface waves allows accurate depth profiles of shear-wave velocity to be constructed directly from phase velocity data, in contrast to perturbational methods. The depth profiles can subsequently be used as an initial model for nonlinear inversion. We provide examples of the Dix-type relation for under-parameterized and over-parameterized cases. In the under-parameterized case, we use the theory to estimate crustal thickness, crustal shear-wave velocity, and mantle shear-wave velocity across the Western U.S. from phase velocity maps measured at 8-, 20-, and 40-s periods. By adopting a thin-layer formalism and an over-parameterized model, we show how a regularized inversion based on the Dix-type relation yields smooth depth profiles of shear-wave velocity. In the process, we quantitatively demonstrate the depth sensitivity of surface-wave phase velocity as a function of frequency and the accuracy of the Dix-type relation. We apply the over-parameterized approach to a near-surface data set within the frequency band from 5 to 40 Hz and find overall agreement between the inverted model and the result of full nonlinear inversion.
Under the World Bank-funded Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la Republique Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II), this Phase V geochemistry report follows earlier Phase I and Phase II summary reports on geochemical data (U.S. Geological Survey, 2007 and Eppinger, 2007; respectively). All the reports are based on evaluations of geochemical data collected in 1999-2004 under an earlier World Bank program (PRISM-I) by the British Geological Survey (BGS) and the Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) for the Government of Mauritania. There are no associated Phase III or IV reports.
\nThe geochemical sample media collected by the BGS and BRGM under the PRISM-I contract included rock, sediment, regolith, and soil samples. Details on sample collection procedures are in unpublished reports available from PRISM. These samples were analyzed under PRISM-I contract by ALS Chemex Laboratories using various combinations of modern methods including fire-assay inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICPAES) and ICP-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for Au; multi-acid digestion, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) for Ag and As; 47-element, four-acid digestion, ICP-MS; 27-element, fouracid digestion, ICP-AES; special four-acid ICP-MS techniques for Pt and B; fire assay followed by ICP-AES for platinum-group elements; whole-rock analyses by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF); special techniques for loss-on-ignition, inorganic C, and total S; and special ore-grade AAS techniques for Ag, Au, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn. Around 30,000 samples were analyzed by at least one technique. However, it is stressed here that: (1) there was no common sample medium collected at all sites, likely due to the vast geological and geomorphologic differences across the country, (2) the sample site distribution is very irregular, likely due in part to access constraints and sand dune cover, and (3) there was no common across-the-board trace element analytical package used for all samples. These three aspects fundamentally affect the ability to produce country-wide geochemical maps of Mauritania. Gold (Au), silver (Ag), and arsenic (As) were the three elements that were most commonly analyzed.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) (Open File Report 2013-1280)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131280D","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania","usgsCitation":"Eppinger, R.G., Giles, S.A., Lee, G.K., and Smith, S.M., 2015, Database creation, data quality assessment, and geochemical maps (phase V, deliverable 59)—Final report on compilation and validation of geochemical data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1280, viii, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131280D.","productDescription":"viii, 52 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052690","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319066,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131280D.PNG"},{"id":319065,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1280/Final_Reports_English/deliverable_59-Geochemistry-chapter_D.pdf","text":"Chapter D","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Mauritania","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-12.17075,14.61683],[-12.83066,15.30369],[-13.43574,16.03938],[-14.09952,16.3043],[-14.57735,16.59826],[-15.13574,16.58728],[-15.62367,16.36934],[-16.12069,16.45566],[-16.4631,16.13504],[-16.54971,16.67389],[-16.27055,17.16696],[-16.14635,18.10848],[-16.25688,19.09672],[-16.37765,19.59382],[-16.27784,20.09252],[-16.53632,20.56787],[-17.06342,20.99975],[-16.84519,21.33332],[-12.9291,21.32707],[-13.11875,22.77122],[-12.87422,23.28483],[-11.93722,23.37459],[-11.96942,25.93335],[-8.68729,25.88106],[-8.6844,27.39574],[-4.92334,24.97457],[-6.45379,24.95659],[-5.97113,20.64083],[-5.48852,16.3251],[-5.31528,16.20185],[-5.53774,15.50169],[-9.55024,15.4865],[-9.70026,15.26411],[-10.08685,15.33049],[-10.65079,15.13275],[-11.3491,15.41126],[-11.66608,15.38821],[-11.83421,14.7991],[-12.17075,14.61683]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Mauritania\"}}]}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f11b3ce4b0f59b85ddc347","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eppinger, Robert G. eppinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppinger","given":"Robert","email":"eppinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giles, Stuart A. 0000-0002-8696-5078 sgiles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-5078","contributorId":1233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"Stuart","email":"sgiles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Gregory K. glee@usgs.gov","contributorId":1220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Gregory","email":"glee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Steven M. 0000-0003-3591-5377 smsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3591-5377","contributorId":1460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Steven","email":"smsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192333,"text":"70192333 - 2015 - Geologic setting of the proposed Fallon FORGE Site, Nevada: Suitability for EGS research and development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-02T15:51:29","indexId":"70192333","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5555,"text":"GRC Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic setting of the proposed Fallon FORGE Site, Nevada: Suitability for EGS research and development","docAbstract":"The proposed Fallon FORGE site lies within and adjacent to the Naval Air Station Fallon (NASF) directly southeast of the town of Fallon, Nevada, within the large basin of the Carson Sink in west-central Nevada. The site is located on two parcels that include land owned by the NASF and leased and owned by Ormat Nevada, Inc. The Carson Sink in the vicinity of the Fallon site is covered by Quaternary deposits, including alluvial fan, eolian, and lacustrine sediments. Four wells penetrate the entire Neogene section and bottom in Mesozoic basement. Late Miocene to Quaternary basin-fill sediments are 0.5 to >1 km thick and overlie Oligocene-Miocene volcanic and lesser sedimentary rocks. The volcanic section is 0.5 to 1.0 km thick and dominated by Miocene mafic lavas. The Neogene section rests nonconformably on heterogeneous Mesozoic basement, which consists of Triassic-Jurassic metamorphic rocks intruded by Cretaceous granitic plutons. The structural framework is dominated by a gently west-tilted half graben cut by moderately to steeply dipping N- to NNEstriking normal faults that dip both east and west. Quaternary faults have not been observed within the proposed FORGE site.
Fallon was selected for a potential FORGE site due to its extensional tectonic setting, abundance of available data, existing infrastructure, and documented temperatures, permeability, and lithologic composition of potential reservoirs that fall within the ranges specified by DOE for FORGE. Since the early 1970s, more than 45 wells have been drilled for geothermal exploration within the area. Four exploration wells within the FORGE site are available for use in the project. Several additional wells are available for monitoring outside the central FORGE site within the NASF and Ormat lease area, including numerous temperature gradient holes. There is an existing, ten-station micro-seismic earthquake (MEQ) array that has been collecting data since 2001; the MEQ array can be expanded to encompass the entire Fallon project. The well data indicate that a sizeable area (~4.5 km2 ) has adequate temperatures in crystalline basement but lacks sufficient permeability within the proposed FORGE site. There are two possible, competent target formations in Mesozoic basement for stimulation in the FORGE project area: 1) Jurassic felsic metavolcanic rocks/and or metaquartzite; and 2) Cretaceous granitic intrusions. These units make up at least 3 km3 in the project area and have target temperatures of ~175-215o C. The abundant well data and detailed geophysical surveys (e.g., gravity, MT, and seismic reflection) provide significant subsurface control for the site and will permit development of a detailed 3D model. The documented temperatures, low permeability, and basement lithologies, as well as abundant available data facilitate development of a site dedicated to testing and improving new EGS technologies and techniques, thus making Fallon an ideal candidate for FORGE.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geothermal Resources Council","usgsCitation":"Faulds, J., Blankenship, D., Hinz, N., Sabin, A., Nordquist, J., Hickman, S.H., Glen, J.M., Kennedy, M., Siler, D., Robinson-Tait, A., Williams, C.F., Drakos, P., and Calvin, W.M., 2015, Geologic setting of the proposed Fallon FORGE Site, Nevada: Suitability for EGS research and development: GRC Transactions, v. 39, p. 293-302.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"302","ipdsId":"IP-066155","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350992,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347277,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.geothermal-library.org/index.php?mode=pubs&action=view&record=1032163"}],"volume":"39","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7586dce4b00f54eb1d820c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faulds, James E.","contributorId":184258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faulds","given":"James E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blankenship, Douglas","contributorId":198213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blankenship","given":"Douglas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinz, Nicholas H.","contributorId":184260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinz","given":"Nicholas H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sabin, Andrew","contributorId":197141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sabin","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nordquist, Josh","contributorId":198214,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nordquist","given":"Josh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hickman, Stephen H. 0000-0003-2075-9615 hickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-9615","contributorId":2705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"Stephen","email":"hickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Glen, Jonathan M.G. 0000-0002-3502-3355 jglen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3502-3355","contributorId":176530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glen","given":"Jonathan","email":"jglen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kennedy, Mack","contributorId":198215,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Mack","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Siler, Drew","contributorId":193559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Siler","given":"Drew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Robinson-Tait, Ann","contributorId":198216,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson-Tait","given":"Ann","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Williams, Colin F. 0000-0003-2196-5496 colin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-5496","contributorId":274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Colin","email":"colin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Drakos, Peter","contributorId":201634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drakos","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Calvin, Wendy M. 0000-0002-6097-9586","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6097-9586","contributorId":189159,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calvin","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70192019,"text":"70192019 - 2015 - Climate tolerances and habitat requirements jointly shape the elevational distribution of the American Pika (Ochotona princeps), with implications for climate change effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T14:06:24","indexId":"70192019","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Climate tolerances and habitat requirements jointly shape the elevational distribution of the American Pika (Ochotona princeps), with implications for climate change effects","title":"Climate tolerances and habitat requirements jointly shape the elevational distribution of the American Pika (Ochotona princeps), with implications for climate change effects","docAbstract":"Some of the most compelling examples of ecological responses to climate change are elevational range shifts of individual species, which have been observed throughout the world. A growing body of evidence, however, suggests substantial mediation of simple range shifts due to climate change by other limiting factors. Understanding limiting factors for a species within different contexts, therefore, is critical for predicting responses to climate change. The American pika (Ochotona princeps) is an ideal species for investigating distributions in relation to climate because of their unusual and well-understood natural history as well as observed shifts to higher elevation in parts of their range. We tested three hypotheses for the climatic or habitat characteristics that may limit pika presence and abundance: summer heat, winter snowpack, and forage availability. We performed these tests using an index of pika abundance gathered in a region where environmental influences on pika distribution have not been well-characterized. We estimated relative pika abundance via scat surveys and quantified climatic and habitat characteristics across two North-Central Rocky Mountain Ranges, the Wind River and Bighorn ranges in Wyoming, USA. Pika scat density was highest at mid-elevations and increased linearly with forage availability in both ranges. Scat density also increased with temperatures conducive to forage plant growth, and showed a unimodal relationship with the number of days below -5°C, which is modulated by insulating snowpack. Our results provide support for both the forage availability and winter snowpack hypotheses. Especially in montane systems, considering the context-dependent nature of climate effects across regions and elevations as well as interactions between climatic and other critical habitat characteristics, will be essential for predicting future species distributions.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0131082","usgsCitation":"Yandow, L.H., Chalfoun, A.D., and Doak, D.F., 2015, Climate tolerances and habitat requirements jointly shape the elevational distribution of the American Pika (Ochotona princeps), with implications for climate change effects: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 8, p. 1-21, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131082.","productDescription":"e0131082; 21 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","ipdsId":"IP-043028","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131082","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347485,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07eb8ce4b09af898c8ccf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yandow, Leah H.","contributorId":198568,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yandow","given":"Leah","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chalfoun, Anna D. 0000-0002-0219-6006 achalfoun@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0219-6006","contributorId":197589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalfoun","given":"Anna","email":"achalfoun@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doak, Daniel F.","contributorId":46811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doak","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70193301,"text":"70193301 - 2015 - Copper toxicity and organic matter: Resiliency of watersheds in the Duluth Complex, Minnesota, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-14T11:20:21","indexId":"70193301","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Copper toxicity and organic matter: Resiliency of watersheds in the Duluth Complex, Minnesota, USA","docAbstract":"We estimated copper (Cu) toxicity in surface water with high dissolved organic matter (DOM) for unmined mineralized watersheds of the Duluth Complex using the Biotic Ligand Model (BLM), which evaluates the effect of DOM, cation competition for biologic binding sites, and metal speciation. A sediment-based BLM was used to estimate stream-sediment toxicity; this approach factors in the cumulative effects of multiple metals, incorporation of metals into less bioavailable sulfides, and complexation of metals with organic carbon.
For surface water, the formation of Cu-DOM complexes significantly reduces the amount of Cu available to aquatic organisms. The protective effects of cations, such as calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), competing with Cu to complex with the biotic ligand is likely not as important as DOM in water with high DOM and low hardness. Standard hardness-based water quality criteria (WQC) are probably inadequate for describing Cu toxicity in such waters and a BLM approach may yield more accurate results. Nevertheless, assumptions about relative proportions of humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) in DOM significantly influence BLM results; the higher the HA fraction, the higher calculated resiliency of the water to Cu toxicity. Another important factor is seasonal variation in water chemistry, with greater resiliency to Cu toxicity during low flow compared to high flow.
Based on generally low total organic carbon and sulfur content, and equivalent metal ratios from total and weak partial extractions, much of the total metal concentration in clastic streambedsediments may be in bioavailable forms, sorbed on clays or hydroxide phases. However, organicrich fine-grained sediment in the numerous wetlands may sequester significant amount of metals, limiting their bioavailability. A high proportion of organic matter in waters and some sediments will play a key role in the resiliency of these watersheds to potential additional metal loads associated with future mining operations.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage and IMWA Annual Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Mine Water Association","usgsCitation":"Piatak, N.M., Seal, R.R., Jones, P.M., and Woodruff, L.G., 2015, Copper toxicity and organic matter: Resiliency of watersheds in the Duluth Complex, Minnesota, USA, in Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage and IMWA Annual Conference, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-059790","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351595,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347876,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.imwa.info/imwaconferencesandcongresses/proceedings/293-proceedings-2015.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.22610473632811,\n 47.46059403884124\n ],\n [\n -91.58752441406249,\n 47.46059403884124\n ],\n [\n -91.58752441406249,\n 47.92830585913796\n ],\n [\n -92.22610473632811,\n 47.92830585913796\n ],\n [\n -92.22610473632811,\n 47.46059403884124\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afeebeee4b0da30c1bfc69c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piatak, Nadine M. 0000-0002-1973-8537 npiatak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1973-8537","contributorId":193010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatak","given":"Nadine","email":"npiatak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seal, Robert R. 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":193011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":250,"text":"Eastern Water Science Field Team","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Perry M. 0000-0002-6569-5144 pmjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6569-5144","contributorId":2231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Perry","email":"pmjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Woodruff, Laurel G. 0000-0002-2514-9923 woodruff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-9923","contributorId":2224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Laurel","email":"woodruff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70154970,"text":"70154970 - 2015 - Geochemical reanalysis of historical U.S. Geological Survey sediment samples from the Zane Hills, Hughes and Shungnak quadrangles, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T14:31:06","indexId":"70154970","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"title":"Geochemical reanalysis of historical U.S. Geological Survey sediment samples from the Zane Hills, Hughes and Shungnak quadrangles, Alaska","docAbstract":"The State of Alaska’s Strategic and Critical Minerals (SCM) Assessment project, a State-funded Capital Improvement Project (CIP), is designed to evaluate Alaska’s statewide potential for SCM resources. The SCM Assessment is being implemented by the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS), and involves obtaining new airborne-geophysical, geological, and geochemical data. As part of the SCM Assessment, thousands of historical geochemical samples from DGGS, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and U.S. Bureau of Mines archives are being reanalyzed by DGGS using modern, quantitative, geochemical-analytical methods. The objective is to update the statewide geochemical database to more clearly identify areas in Alaska with SCM potential.
The USGS is also undertaking SCM-related geologic studies in Alaska through the federally funded Alaska Critical Minerals cooperative project. DGGS and USGS share the goal of evaluating Alaska’s strategic and critical minerals potential and together created a Letter of Agreement (signed December 2012) and a supplementary Technical Assistance Agreement (#14CMTAA143458) to facilitate the two agencies’ cooperative work. Under these agreements, DGGS contracted the USGS in Denver to reanalyze historical USGS sediment samples from Alaska.
For this report, DGGS funded reanalysis of 105 historical USGS sediment samples from the statewide Alaska Geochemical Database Version 2.0 (AGDB2; Granitto and others, 2013). Samples were chosen from the Zane Hills area in the Hughes and Shungnak quadrangles, Alaska (fig. 1). The USGS was responsible for sample retrieval from the National Geochemical Sample Archive (NGSA) in Denver, Colorado through the final quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) of the geochemical analyses obtained through the USGS contract lab. The new geochemical data are published in this report as a coauthored DGGS report, and will be incorporated into the statewide geochemical databases of both agencies.
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