(1) The relationships between habitat change and house mouse populations were studied by monthly live trapping in a corn-wheat-hay rotation on a small Maryland farm.
(2) Population density reached 53.0/ha in a wheat/hay field in October and 25.4/ha in corn in September. Populations increased by immigration as wheat or corn grew and ripened and decreased by emigration as hay became tall and dense.
(3) Survival rates were high in winter in the relatively stable habitat of the wheat/hay field; they were low throughout the summer in both fields, and were reduced by corn harvest, less so by wheat harvest. If they were related to population density or increase, or to breeding condition, the relationships were obscured by the overriding influence of habitat change.
(4) In the spring, when the population in the hay field `crashed,' essentially the entire population moved from long-established ranges in the hay field to the field of ripening wheat, where new ranges were established. In the new field, fewer than 30% of the old associations between individuals persisted.
(5) Individual mice maintained home ranges (88.1 +- 6.1 m in length) in the same general area during their residence in a field. Ranges shifted from month to month, perhaps in response to changes in populations and habitat; exploratory travels and other movements also modified home range behaviour.
(6) Minimum life expectancy (residence time) was greater from November (4-5 months) than from June/July (1-2 months). Maximum individual age was 17 months.
(7) The demographic pattern fell at the r extreme of the r-K continuum. Mice bred from May to October, matured and produced litters rapidly, produced several litters in a season, and had a high turnover rate. (8) It was concluded that migration was a primary mechanism of population regulation in the cropfield mosaic and that it was driven by habitat change, a system in contrast to those described for house mice in confined conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.2307/4200","usgsCitation":"Stickel, L., 1979, Population ecology of house mice in unstable habitats: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 48, no. 3, p. 871-887, https://doi.org/10.2307/4200.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"871","endPage":"887","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196481,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cde4b07f02db544914","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stickel, L.F.","contributorId":41095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickel","given":"L.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5221454,"text":"5221454 - 1979 - Nationwide residues of organochlorine compounds in starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), 1976","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-20T13:19:16","indexId":"5221454","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:20","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3038,"text":"Pesticides Monitoring Journal","onlineIssn":" 0031-615","printIssn":" 0031-615","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nationwide residues of organochlorine compounds in starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), 1976","docAbstract":"Organochlorine pesticide and PCB residues in starlings from 126 sites within the contiguous 48 states were monitored during fall 1976. The average nationwide level of DDE and PCBs has increased significantly since 1974, but the number of sites reporting PCB residues has decreased fivefold. Dieldrin residues have remained unchanged since 1974. Highest DDE levels occurred in samples from parts of Arizona, Arkansas, California, Louisiana, and New Mexico.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pesticides Monitoring Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"White, D.H., 1979, Nationwide residues of organochlorine compounds in starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), 1976: Pesticides Monitoring Journal, v. 12, no. 4, p. 193-197.","productDescription":"193-197","startPage":"193","endPage":"197","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269766,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26096751"},{"id":198454,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db69835c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Donald H.","contributorId":97868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224939,"text":"5224939 - 1979 - Response of migrant shorebirds to severe autumn weather","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:08","indexId":"5224939","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:20","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1194,"text":"Cassinia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of migrant shorebirds to severe autumn weather","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cassinia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kirby, R., 1979, Response of migrant shorebirds to severe autumn weather: Cassinia, v. 58, p. 3-5.","productDescription":"3-5","startPage":"3","endPage":"5","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196413,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db6283da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirby, R.E.","contributorId":75871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5221036,"text":"5221036 - 1979 - Observations on distribution, diet, and breeding of the Hawaiian thrush","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-25T13:04:32","indexId":"5221036","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:20","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations on distribution, diet, and breeding of the Hawaiian thrush","docAbstract":"Distribution, breeding habits, and diet of the Hawaiian Thrush were recorded over seven years on the island of Hawaii. The range has been much reduced, with the result that today the species occupies approximately 30% of its former range, no longer being found in the Kohala Mountains or in the Kona area....Data on food preferences indicate the species subsists chiefly on fruits of native trees, when in season, and various insects. Comparison of present feeding habits with observations of earlier workers indicates that the diet has changed. This probably has been a consequence of the loss of suitable habitat at lower elevations....One of the earliest and latest daily singers in Hawaii, the Omao has a repertoire of at least three songs and a number of calls. The species exhibits courtship feeding. Five nests averaged 6.4 m from the ground; nesting materials include small twigs, leaves, grasses mosses, and fern pieces. For the first time the species was found to nest either in cavities or on protected platforms. One or two eggs, each marked with large lavender splotches, compose the clutch. Nestlings have flesh-colored skin, black down, and a bright yellow gape pattern. Time from building of the nest to fledging of the young is about 30 days, and the overall breeding season of the species extends at least from February to October. ","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1367858","usgsCitation":"van Riper, C., and Scott, J.M., 1979, Observations on distribution, diet, and breeding of the Hawaiian thrush: The Condor, v. 81, no. 1, p. 65-71, https://doi.org/10.2307/1367858.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"71","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503014,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol81/iss1/9","text":"External Repository"},{"id":194093,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69647c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":332906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, J. Michael","contributorId":98877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221001,"text":"5221001 - 1979 - [Book review] Bluebird, what do you eat? by E.L Beal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:49","indexId":"5221001","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:20","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3388,"text":"Sialia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] Bluebird, what do you eat? by E.L Beal","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sialia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Boone, D., 1979, [Book review] Bluebird, what do you eat? by E.L Beal: Sialia, v. 1, no. 1, p. 30-31.","productDescription":"30-31","startPage":"30","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e479de4b07f02db491e9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boone, D.D.","contributorId":76847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boone","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5221452,"text":"5221452 - 1979 - Effects of No. 2 fuel oil on hatchability of marine and estuarine bird eggs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-02T11:30:12.064285","indexId":"5221452","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:20","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of No. 2 fuel oil on hatchability of marine and estuarine bird eggs","docAbstract":"Eggs of Louisiana herons, sandwich terns, and laughing gulls were oiled with either 0, 5, or 20 μl of No. 2 fuel oil in the field and in the laboratory. After 5 days of natural incubation, field-oiled and control eggs were opened and embryonic mortality was determined. No. 2 fuel oil produce'd 61% mortality in Louisiana heron eggs, 56% in sandwich tern eggs, and 83% in laughing gull eggs.
Hatching success of artificially incubated, oiled eggs appeared to be lower than in control eggs. However, stress during shipment to the laboratory and problems within the incubator probably contributed to reduced hatchability in both groups.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01685377","usgsCitation":"White, D.H., King, K.A., and Coon, N.C., 1979, Effects of No. 2 fuel oil on hatchability of marine and estuarine bird eggs: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 21, no. 1, p. 7-10, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01685377.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198412,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624fd8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Donald H.","contributorId":21728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":333883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Kirke A.","contributorId":17727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Kirke","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coon, Nancy C.","contributorId":176389,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coon","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5223637,"text":"5223637 - 1979 - Guidelines for manuscripts for the Journal of Mammalogy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:42","indexId":"5223637","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:20","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Guidelines for manuscripts for the Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Wilson, D., Bacon, B., and Gardner, A.L., 1979, Guidelines for manuscripts for the Journal of Mammalogy: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 60, no. 3 Supplement, p. 1-11+13.","productDescription":"1-11+13","startPage":"1","endPage":"11+13","numberOfPages":"0","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199961,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"3 Supplement","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a2e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, D.E.","contributorId":107232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bacon, B.A.","contributorId":30324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gardner, A. L.","contributorId":97213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"A.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5223803,"text":"5223803 - 1979 - Rockets, radios, and research, or 'bugging the black duck'","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:39","indexId":"5223803","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:18","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2646,"text":"Maine Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rockets, radios, and research, or 'bugging the black duck'","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Maine Fish and Wildlife","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Ringelman, J., and Longcore, J.R., 1979, Rockets, radios, and research, or 'bugging the black duck': Maine Fish and Wildlife, v. 21, no. 3, p. 25-27.","productDescription":"25-27","startPage":"25","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200163,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fe460","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ringelman, J.K.","contributorId":65418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringelman","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Longcore, J. R. 0000-0003-4898-5438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5438","contributorId":43835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5220857,"text":"5220857 - 1979 - Can ducks be managed by regulation? An examination of harvest and survival rates of ducks in relation to hunting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:48","indexId":"5220857","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:18","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3638,"text":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can ducks be managed by regulation? An examination of harvest and survival rates of ducks in relation to hunting","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Rogers, J., Nichols, J., Martin, F., Kimball, C., and Pospahala, R., 1979, Can ducks be managed by regulation? An examination of harvest and survival rates of ducks in relation to hunting: Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, v. 44, p. 114-126.","productDescription":"114-126","startPage":"114","endPage":"126","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a01e4b07f02db5f7e4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rogers, J.P.","contributorId":23657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, F.W.","contributorId":22451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"F.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kimball, C.F.","contributorId":26782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pospahala, R.S.","contributorId":74466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pospahala","given":"R.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5220860,"text":"5220860 - 1979 - Forty-second breeding bird census: 198. Upland tulip-tree-maple-oak forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:51","indexId":"5220860","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:18","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":708,"text":"American Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forty-second breeding bird census: 198. Upland tulip-tree-maple-oak forest","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1979, Forty-second breeding bird census: 198. Upland tulip-tree-maple-oak forest: American Birds, v. 33, no. 1, p. 113-114.","productDescription":"113-114","startPage":"113","endPage":"114","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197015,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4813e4b07f02db4da26e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5223032,"text":"5223032 - 1979 - Feeding ecology and development of juvenile black ducks in Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-16T09:36:39","indexId":"5223032","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:18","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feeding ecology and development of juvenile black ducks in Maine","docAbstract":"Data from 41 juvenile Black Ducks (Anas rubripes) collected in the Penobscot River valley of Maine from June through August 1974-76 were used to estimate the proportion of aquatic invertebrates in the prefledging diet and the allometric growth rates of the tarsi, flight muscles, and alimentary system. The proportion of aquatic invertebrates in the diet of downy and partially feathered juveniles averaged 88 and 91% of dry weight, but decreased to 43% for fully feathered young. The most important invertebrate food organisms for juvenile Black Ducks were asellid isopods, molluscs, nymphs of Ephemeroptera and Odonata, and larvae of Coleoptera, Trichoptera, and Diptera. A high proportion of invertebrates was consumed during the period of fastest absolute and relative growth. Estimation of allometric growth rates with the power formula (Y = a·$X_{b}$) showed that (1) the legs were relatively large at hatching and developed slowly; (2) the flight muscles, which were relatively small at hatching, grew slowly until the 4-week period preceding fledging, when they increased as the 4.75 power of body weight; and (3) growth of the liver and gizzard was approximately proportional to body weight. The data support Ricklefs' thesis that delayed functional maturity of the wings permits an increase in the overall growth rate of waterfowl.
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","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01769946","usgsCitation":"Richie, P., and Peterle, T., 1979, Effect of DDE on circulating luteinizing hormone levels in ring doves during courtship and nesting: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 23, no. 1/2, p. 220-226, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01769946.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"220","endPage":"226","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197546,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1/2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625846","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richie, P.J.","contributorId":90414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richie","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterle, T.J.","contributorId":10108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterle","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5220858,"text":"5220858 - 1979 - Thirty-first winter bird-population study. 13. 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","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Mallory, E.P., and Schneider, D.C., 1979, Agnonistic behavior in short-billed dowitchers feeding on a patchy resource: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 91, no. 2, p. 271-278.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"278","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6891de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mallory, Elizabeth P.","contributorId":177126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mallory","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, Davod C.","contributorId":7800,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schneider","given":"Davod","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}