Since February 1969 Alae Crater, a 165-m-deep pit crater on the east rift of Kilauea Volcano, has been completely filled with about 18 million m3 of lava. The filling was episodic and complex. It involved 13 major periods of addition of lava to the crater, including spectacular lava falls as high as 100 m, and three major periods of draining of lava from the crater. Alae was nearly filled by August 3, 1969, largely drained during a violent ground-cracking event on August 4, 1969, and then filled to the low point on its rim on October 10, 1969. From August 1970 to May 1971, the crater acted as a reservoir for lava that entered through subsurface tubes leading from the vent fissure 150 m away. Another tube system drained the crater and carried lava as far as the sea, 11 km to the south. Much of the lava entered Alae by invading the lava lake beneath its crust and buoying the crust upward. This process, together with the overall complexity of the filling, results in a highly complicated lava lake that would doubtless be misinterpreted if found in the fossil record.
The origin and chemical nature of micron-sized spheres found as suspended particles in Lake Kivu are examined. It can be shown that the hollow spheres, with a wall thickness of 500 Å, consist of a complex polymeric resinous material which has little functionality, except for hydroxyl groups. The spheres arise in the process of degassing of water samples at depth. Tiny gas bubbles, about 1 micron in size, act as scavengers of dissolved resinous material. The newly created resinous membrane promotes the selective coordination of zinc dissolved in the water column. In the prevailing H2S regime, formation of sphalerite crystals in induced. The size range of the crystals, 5 to 50 Å, corresponds to 1 to 10 unit cells and suggests that the resinous membrane also acts as a template in sphalerite growth processes. The sources of the zinc and dissolved gases (CO2, CH4, H2S) are hydrothermal springs seeping from the lake bottom into the basin. Water discharge is substantial; about 100 years are required to fill the lake to its present level (ca. 550 km3 water). The average Kivu water contains 2 ppm zinc. Thus, 1 million tons of zinc are contained in Lake Kivu in the form of sphalerite.
Fluids related to Serpentinization are of at least three types. The first reported (Barnes and O'Neil, 1969) is a fluid of local meteoric origin, the chemical and thermodynamic properties of which are entirely controlled by olivine, orthopyroxene, brucite, and serpentine reactions. It is a Ca+2-OH−1 type and is shown experimentally to be capable of reacting with albite to yield calcium hydroxy silicates. Rodingites may form where the Ca+2-OH−1 type waters flow across the ultramafic contact and react with siliceous country rock.
The second type of fluid has its chemical composition largely controlled before it enters the ultramafic rocks, but reactions within the ultramafic rocks fix the thermodynamic properties by reactions of orthopyroxene, olivine, calcite, brucite, and serpentine. The precipitation of brucite from this fluid clearly shows that fluid flow allows reaction products to be deposited at a distance from the point of solution. Thus, textural evidence for volume relations during Serpentinization may not be valid.
The third type of fluid has its chemical properties fixed in part before the reactions with ultramafic rocks, in part by the reactions of orthopyroxene, olivine, and serpentine and in part by reactions with siliceous country rock at the contact. The reactions of the ultramafic rock and country rock with the fluid must be contemporaneous and require flow to be along the contact. This third type of fluid is grossly supersaturated with talc and tremolite, both found along the contact. The occurrence of magadiite, kenyaite, mountainite, and rhodesite along the contact is probably due to a late stage low-temperature reaction of fluids of the same thermodynamic properties as those that formed the talc and tremolite at higher temperatures. Oxygen isotope analyses of some of these minerals supports this conclusion.
Rodingites form from Ca+2-rich fluids flowing across the contact; talc and tremolite form from silica-rich fluids flowing along the contact.
Isotopic analyses of the fluids indicate varied origins including unaltered local meteoric water and connate water. Complexion Spring water may be a sample of only slightly altered Jurassic or Cretaceous sea water.
SUBDUCTION zones are considered to be sites of disposal for vast areas of the Earth's surface1, while new surface is generated simultaneously at rise crests2. Bostrom and Sherif3 suggest that the world's industrial and domestic waste be dumped into subduction zones at deep sea trenches to allow nature to complete the recycling process at geologically rapid rates of 5 to 10 cm/yr. They also point out that trenches are often sites of rapid rates of deposition and suggest that the dumped wastes would, speaking geologically, soon be buried. Francis4 suggests that canisters of toxic chemical and radioactive wastes could be dumped onto trench sediments and be expected to sink at rates of 20 m/yr, assuming that the mass of turbidites in the trench fill often spontaneously liquefies on shaking by earthquakes. The assumption is based on the supposed lack of evidence for deformed sediment in trenches. I will argue that the suggestion of Bostrom and Sherif3 is not useful for the next few dozen generations of human populations and will point out observational evidence to show that Francis's4 assumption is incorrectly founded.
EXCAVATIONS in 1957 and 1958 at the Isimila prehistoric site, in Tanzania1, sampled Acheulian occurrences in horizons at various levels in the Isimila Beds which are approximately 18 m thick. No significant breaks were observed in the sedimentary sequence, although there are numerous local hiatuses.
No abstract available.
The West Indies are among the best known of the world's tropical regions, and our knowledge of the distribution of indigenous land birds in the Greater Antilles has been thought to be nearly complete (Bond, 1956). The last new species from the Antilles were described in 1927, the results of work in the Zapata Swamp of Cuba (Barbour and Peters, 1927) and the isolated Morne de la Selle in Haiti (Wetmore, 1927). No new species has been found in Puerto Rico in this century, and it would seem unlikely that a bird could escape detection on the island, which has a human population density now approaching 320 per square km, and less than 3,300 ha (0.4 percent of land area) of virgin forest remaining (Wads- worth, 1949). Nevertheless the discovery of extant populations of the Puerto Rican Whip-poor-will (Caprimulgus noctitherus) by Reynard (1962) and the Puerto Rican Plain Pigeon (Columba inornata wetmorei) by Leopold (1963), both previously presumed extinct (Bond, 1956, 1961), indicated that the inventory of the Puerto Rican avifauna might be incomplete.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4084056","usgsCitation":"Kepler, C.B., and Parkes, K., 1972, A new species of warbler (Parulidae) from Puerto Rico: The Auk, v. 89, no. 1, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.2307/4084056.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480666,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4084056","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":200245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6aba7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kepler, C. B.","contributorId":62548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kepler","given":"C.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parkes, K.C.","contributorId":49080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkes","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5220528,"text":"5220528 - 1972 - Effect of Hygromycin-B on pigeons (Columba livia) with and without Trichomonas gallinae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-17T13:15:29.19052","indexId":"5220528","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:54","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":948,"text":"Avian Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of Hygromycin-B on pigeons (Columba livia) with and without Trichomonas gallinae","docAbstract":"Hygromycin-B was administered in varied quantities to pigeons harboring nonvirulent Trichomonas gallinae and to pigeons free of T. gallinae. Both groups responded identically with large yellow caseous lesions in the upper digestive tract which superficially resembled canker (trichomoniasis). No mycotic association with the lesions could be established in either .group from sections stained with periodic acid-Schiff. The lesions observed in Hygromycin-B-treated pigeons were concluded to be the direct result of the drug on the mucosa of the pigeon's upper digestive tract.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists","doi":"10.2307/1588748","usgsCitation":"Kocan, R.M., 1972, Effect of Hygromycin-B on pigeons (Columba livia) with and without Trichomonas gallinae: Avian Diseases, v. 16, no. 4, p. 714-717, https://doi.org/10.2307/1588748.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"714","endPage":"717","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193688,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6258b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kocan, R. M.","contributorId":41783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocan","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5220904,"text":"5220904 - 1972 - Thirty-sixth breeding bird census. 6. Upland tulip tree-maple-oak forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:47","indexId":"5220904","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:54","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":708,"text":"American Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thirty-sixth breeding bird census. 6. Upland tulip tree-maple-oak forest","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1972, Thirty-sixth breeding bird census. 6. Upland tulip tree-maple-oak forest: American Birds, v. 26, no. 6, p. 944-945.","productDescription":"944-945","startPage":"944","endPage":"945","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bedf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5220071,"text":"5220071 - 1972 - An unusual fatality of a yearling Canada goose","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-12T11:11:25","indexId":"5220071","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:54","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2130,"text":"Jack-Pine Warbler","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An unusual fatality of a yearling Canada goose","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Michigan Audubon","usgsCitation":"Tarshis, I., 1972, An unusual fatality of a yearling Canada goose: Jack-Pine Warbler, v. 49, no. 4.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"128","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194272,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Seney National Wildllife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.253662109375,\n 46.144637225509136\n ],\n [\n -85.9075927734375,\n 46.144637225509136\n ],\n [\n -85.9075927734375,\n 46.33839522276402\n ],\n [\n -86.253662109375,\n 46.33839522276402\n ],\n [\n -86.253662109375,\n 46.144637225509136\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6838b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tarshis, I.B.","contributorId":83625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarshis","given":"I.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5221195,"text":"5221195 - 1972 - Reproductive patterns in captive American kestrels (sparrow hawks)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-29T20:40:18.897379","indexId":"5221195","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:54","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproductive patterns in captive American kestrels (sparrow hawks)","docAbstract":"Female kestrels acquired in Florida in winter as full-grown birds began laying eggs a month later than did those acquired as nestlings from northeastern United States. Egg laying dates of the two groups did not overlap in 1966 through 1968. The later nesting Florida-wintering females may have nested in captivity at a latitude farther south of their normal breeding range than did those from the Northeast. There was an apparent trend of earlier laying in successive years between 1965 and 1968 in our captive birds.....Time intervals between pairing of previously unpaired kestrels and initiation of their first clutches ranged from 8 to 17 days; time intervals between removal of first-clutch eggs and initiation of second clutches for kestrels whose first clutches failed to hatch ranged frosm 11 to 16 days, with the exception of an apparent anomaly of 40 days. Some females laid second clutches prior to fledging of first-clutch young. The egg laying interval averaged 2.4 days, and appeared to be greater between the first two and last two eggs of the clutch than between intervening eggs. Egg sizes differed only slightly between age groups, and no statistical correlation was evident between weights of female kestrels and the size of their eggs.....Although both sexes incubated the eggs, the female assumed a much greater role than the male. Incubation of clutches of five eggs usually began with the laying of the fourth egg. The incubation period (last egg laid to last egg hatched) averaged 27 days. The average interval between hatching of the first and last eggs of clutches containing five eggs was two days.....The average nestling period for the first young hatched in 29 nests was 28.4 days. An exact 1:l secondary sex ratio was recorded in 1967 for complete clutches in which all young fledged.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1366448","usgsCitation":"Porter, R.D., and Wiemeyer, S.N., 1972, Reproductive patterns in captive American kestrels (sparrow hawks): Condor, v. 74, no. 1, p. 46-53, https://doi.org/10.2307/1366448.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503136,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol74/iss1/6","text":"External Repository"},{"id":194150,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e514f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Porter, Richard D.","contributorId":224624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Porter","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":907198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiemeyer, Stanley N.","contributorId":78279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemeyer","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221082,"text":"5221082 - 1972 - A bibliography of Oregon ornithology (1935-1970) with a cross-referenced list of the birds of Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-07T16:36:02","indexId":"5221082","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:54","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A bibliography of Oregon ornithology (1935-1970) with a cross-referenced list of the birds of Oregon","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
The Eighty-ninth Stated Meeting of the American Ornithologists' Union was held 30 August-3 September 1971 at Seattle, Washington, under the sponsorship of the University of Washington. Business sessions and social activities were held in the Student Union Building and the University Tower Hotel; papers sessions were held in the Student Union Building. Day-long field trips were taken to Mount Rainier and to the Deception Pass-Fraser River area. Two-day field trips were offered on the weekends preceding and following the meeting, to the coastal area near Westport with an all-day pelagic trip, and to the Olympic Peninsula, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4084067","usgsCitation":"Banks, R., 1972, Proceedings of the eighty-ninth stated meeting of the American Ornithologists' Union: The Auk, v. 89, no. 1, p. 156-170, https://doi.org/10.2307/4084067.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"156","endPage":"170","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480671,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4084067","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":199668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db6603af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banks, Richard C.","contributorId":20440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"Richard C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5230251,"text":"5230251 - 1972 - Birds imported into the United States in 1969","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:26","indexId":"5230251","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T11:33:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":83,"text":"Special Scientific Report - Wildlife","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"148","title":"Birds imported into the United States in 1969","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Banks, R., and Clapp, R.B., 1972, Birds imported into the United States in 1969: Special Scientific Report - Wildlife 148, 99.","productDescription":"99","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":112131,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015077583956?urlappend=%3Bseq=3"},{"id":202935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db612003","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banks, Richard C.","contributorId":20440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"Richard C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clapp, R. B.","contributorId":9371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5230257,"text":"5230257 - 1972 - Mammals imported into the United States in 1970","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:23","indexId":"5230257","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T11:33:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":83,"text":"Special Scientific Report - Wildlife","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"161","title":"Mammals imported into the United States in 1970","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Paradiso, J., and Fisher, R., 1972, Mammals imported into the United States in 1970: Special Scientific Report - Wildlife 161, 62.","productDescription":"62","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":112149,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015077573254?urlappend=%3Bseq=3"},{"id":202578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a06f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paradiso, J.L.","contributorId":50634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paradiso","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, R.D.","contributorId":62967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5230205,"text":"5230205 - 1972 - Use of banding data in migratory game bird research and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:24","indexId":"5230205","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T11:33:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":83,"text":"Special Scientific Report - Wildlife","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"154","title":"Use of banding data in migratory game bird research and management","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Geis, A.D., 1972, Use of banding data in migratory game bird research and management: Special Scientific Report - Wildlife 154, 47.","productDescription":"47","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":112141,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.31822009785148?urlappend=%3Bseq=3"},{"id":202724,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db604b00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geis, A. D.","contributorId":72885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geis","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5230204,"text":"5230204 - 1972 - Distribution of the duck harvest in Canada and the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:24","indexId":"5230204","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T11:33:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":83,"text":"Special Scientific Report - Wildlife","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"151","title":"Distribution of the duck harvest in Canada and the United States","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Geis, A.D., and Cooch, F., 1972, Distribution of the duck harvest in Canada and the United States: Special Scientific Report - Wildlife 151, 11.","productDescription":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":112137,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.31822009785171?urlappend=%3Bseq=511"},{"id":202723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63f5a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geis, A. D.","contributorId":72885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geis","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooch, F.G.","contributorId":79423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooch","given":"F.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5200316,"text":"5200316 - 1972 - Food resources of the California condor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:27","indexId":"5200316","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:33:22","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":153,"text":"Administrative Report.","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"title":"Food resources of the California condor","docAbstract":"Conclusions and Recommendations: Although much of the above information is imprecise and inconclusive, it is evident that the condors foraging habitat is diminishing. Food supply probably is still adequate for free-ranging nonbreeding birds, but could become limited if current land use trends continue. Congregating condors on fewer and fewer acres could be detrimental in other ways. It seems the needs of condors can best be met by maintaining a continuous band of :foraging country throughout the species' horseshoe-shaped range. Public needs for open space and livestock agriculture can also be served by land use zoning, cooperative agreements, easements or other land controls implemented with consideration :for the condors' welfare. Of immediate concern is the declining food situation in the general vicinity of the active condor nests in the Sespe-Piru region. Reproduction is definitely depressed, and the reduced local food supply is the only apparent cause. Predicted future developments can only worsen the situation. A concerted effort should be made immediately to slow the loss of food and foraging area closest to the Sespe Condor Sanctuary including: (1) the Big Mountain-Newhall Ranch regions of southern Ventura County; (2) the arc of grassland around the southern and eastern boundaries of the Sespe Sanctuary; and (3) the Tejon Ranch. Within these areas efforts should be made to increase the amount of condor food by: (1) increasing the amount of livestock, if compatible with proper land use; (2) modifying procedures for disposal of dead livestock, so that more are available to condors; (3) encouraging (subsidizing) ranchers to sacrifice livestock for condor food at certain times o:f the year; and (4) developing a state or Federal supplemental feeding program utilizing cattle, deer or other carrion regularly distributed at close, protected feeding sites. If a convenient food supply is as important to reproduction as it appears, those nest sites closest to the best food source may become most productive and significant in the preservation of this species. These sites, which are in the Piru Creek area, are outside the boundaries o:f the Sespe Condor Sanctuary, but are recognized by the U.S. Forest Service (1971) as extremely important to condor survival. Protective measures recommended in the Forest Service plan should be implemented as soon as possible to preserve this area's usefulness as condor nesting habitat. Food may not be the factor currently limiting condor reproduction. However, the reproductive rate is inadequate to sustain the condor population for long. As food shortage has been shown to limit breeding in many species (Lack 1954, 1966), and as it is something which can be manipulated, it is a logical factor for further study and experimentation.","language":"English","publisher":"Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","publisherLocation":"Laurel, Maryland","usgsCitation":"Wilbur, S., 1972, Food resources of the California condor: Administrative Report., 18.","productDescription":"18","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae652","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilbur, S.R.","contributorId":53908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilbur","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5211412,"text":"5211412 - 1972 - Summary of research upon the yuma clapper rail and the masked bobwhite quail","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:14","indexId":"5211412","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:20","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Summary of research upon the yuma clapper rail and the masked bobwhite quail","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Symposium on Rare and Endangered Wildlife of the Southwestern United States, September 22-23, 1972, Albuquerque, New Mexico","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"New Mexico Department of Game & Fish","publisherLocation":"Santa Fe","collaboration":"OCLC: 1845854 PDF on file: 6881_Tomlinson.pdf","usgsCitation":"Tomlinson, R.E., 1972, Summary of research upon the yuma clapper rail and the masked bobwhite quail, chap. of Symposium on Rare and Endangered Wildlife of the Southwestern United States, September 22-23, 1972, Albuquerque, New Mexico, p. 64-73.","productDescription":"vii, 167","startPage":"64","endPage":"73","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201005,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698aa1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tomlinson, R. E.","contributorId":78830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomlinson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210394,"text":"5210394 - 1972 - Black-footed ferret-Prairie dog interrelationships","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:15","indexId":"5210394","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Black-footed ferret-Prairie dog interrelationships","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Symposium on Rare and Endangered Wildlife of the Southwestern United States, September 22-23, 1972, Albuquerque, New Mexico.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"New Mexico Department of Game and Fish","publisherLocation":"Santa Fe","collaboration":"OCLC: 1845854 No editor.","usgsCitation":"Linder, R.L., Dahlgren, R., and Hillman, C.N., 1972, Black-footed ferret-Prairie dog interrelationships, chap. of Symposium on Rare and Endangered Wildlife of the Southwestern United States, September 22-23, 1972, Albuquerque, New Mexico., p. 22-37.","productDescription":"vii, 167","startPage":"22","endPage":"37","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db607953","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Linder, R. L.","contributorId":25907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linder","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dahlgren, R.B.","contributorId":18819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahlgren","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hillman, C. N.","contributorId":87650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hillman","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5210161,"text":"5210161 - 1972 - Biological data on PCBs in animals other than man","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:16","indexId":"5210161","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:16","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Biological data on PCBs in animals other than man","docAbstract":"SUMMARY: Polychlorinated biphenyls have become ubiquitous in the world ecosystem in quantities similar to those of DDE. Experimental studies have shown that PCBs have a toxicity to mallards, pheasants, bobwhite quail, coturnix quail, red-winged blackbirds, starlings, cowbirds, and grackles that is of the same order as the toxicity of DDE to these species. Overt signs of poisoning also are similar to those caused by compounds of the DDT group. Toxic effects of DDE and Aroclor 1254 to coturnix chicks were additive, but not synergistic. PCBs containing higher percentages of chlorine are more toxic to birds than those containing lower percentages. PCBs of foreign manufacture contained contaminants to an extent that greatly increased their toxicity. Residues of PCBs in the brains of birds killed by these compounds measure in the hundreds of parts per million. PCBs may have contributed to mortality of some birds in the field. Toxicity to insects of PCBs of different degrees of chlorination is the reverse of the pattern in birds: the lower chlorinations are more toxic to insects. PCBs enhanced the toxicity of dieldrin and DDT to insects. Shrimp are very sensitive to PCBs and most will die as a result of 20-day exposure to a concentration of 5 ppb. PCBs also inhibit shell growth of oysters. Crabs are less sensitive; all accumulate residues to many times the concentrations in the water, and a test with crabs showed that they lost the residues very slowly. Growth of certain species of marine diatoms was experimentally inhibited by PCBs, but algae were not affected. The small marine crustacean, Gammarus, is sensitive to PCBs in concentrations of thousandths to tenths of a part per billion. Exposure to 5 ppb of Aroclor 1254 caused mortality of two species of fish in 14-45 days. Onset of death was delayed and was accompanied by fungus-like lesions. Rainbow trout were quickly killed by terphenyls at 10 ppb under normal oxygen conditions and at 2 ppb with reduced oxygen. Metabolic changes of PCBs have been suggested by environmental observations of different isomeric patterns in animals of different trophic levels. Quantitative differences also are pronounced, with magnifications of hundreds to thousands of times. Laboratory studies have shown no metabolic changes of PCBs by crabs and shrimps, minimal changes by fish, and pronounced changes by birds. PCBs induce microsomal enzyme activity in birds. Exposure to PCBs increased the susceptibility of mallard ducklings to duck hepatitis virus. Offspring of pheasants whose parents received high dosages of PCBs made poor choices in visual cliff tests. Egg production and hatching after pipping also were affected. Migratory restlessness was increased in English robins exposed to PCBs. Long-term studies of the reproductive effects of Aroclor 1254 on mallards and bobwhite quail and of Aroclor 1254 plus DDE on quail showed no significant differences from controls. In studies of chickens, however, egg production and hatchability were impaired by high doses of Aroclor 1254 and by low doses of Aroclor 1242. Statistical evaluations of the role that different chemicals may play in thinning eggshells of brown pelicans showed that DDE residues correlate better with shell thinning than do residues of dieldrin or PCBs, confirming observations with cormorants and white pelicans.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Polychlorinated Biphenyls and the Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Interdepartmental Task Force on PCBs","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","collaboration":"OCLC: 6261205 ; OCLC: 1165099 ; distributed by NTIS, stock No. COM-72-10419","usgsCitation":"Stickel, L., 1972, Biological data on PCBs in animals other than man, chap. of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and the Environment, p. 158-172.","productDescription":"vii, 181","startPage":"158","endPage":"172","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c473","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stickel, L.F.","contributorId":41095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickel","given":"L.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210164,"text":"5210164 - 1972 - Mercury in wild animals, Lake St. Clair, 1970","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-14T20:14:15.98799","indexId":"5210164","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:16","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Mercury in wild animals, Lake St. Clair, 1970","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Mercury Contamination","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ann Arbor Science Publishers","publisherLocation":"Ann Arbor, Michigan","usgsCitation":"Dustman, E.H., Stickel, L., and Elder, J., 1972, Mercury in wild animals, Lake St. Clair, 1970, chap. of Environmental Mercury Contamination, p. 46-52.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"52","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Michigan, Ontario","otherGeospatial":"Lake St. Clair","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.3974609375,\n 42.367676308265196\n ],\n [\n -82.408447265625,\n 42.50754004948742\n ],\n [\n -82.61993408203125,\n 42.7016136416648\n ],\n [\n -82.76412963867188,\n 42.69959515809203\n ],\n [\n -82.88497924804688,\n 42.6026307853624\n ],\n [\n -82.93853759765625,\n 42.429538632268276\n ],\n [\n -83.02505493164062,\n 42.34738030389109\n ],\n [\n -82.99758911132812,\n 42.30067461858169\n ],\n [\n -82.85614013671875,\n 42.2905166207974\n ],\n [\n -82.63778686523438,\n 42.2752765520868\n ],\n [\n -82.42767333984375,\n 42.29661161608281\n ],\n [\n -82.3974609375,\n 42.367676308265196\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624d5a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hartung, R.","contributorId":112905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartung","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506077,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dinman, B.D.","contributorId":111759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinman","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506076,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Dustman, E. H.","contributorId":12579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dustman","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stickel, L.F.","contributorId":41095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickel","given":"L.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elder, J. B.","contributorId":39488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elder","given":"J. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5210160,"text":"5210160 - 1972 - Los plaguicidas y la contaminacion del medio ambiente Venezolano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-12T13:58:40","indexId":"5210160","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Los plaguicidas y la contaminacion del medio ambiente Venezolano","docAbstract":"RESUMEN DE RECOMENDACIONES Recomendaciones para el Programa de Investigacion: 1. Establecer un sistema de muestreo biologico para detectar los niveles tendencias de los productos quimicos toxicos en un peque?o numero de si tios representativos. 2. Mantener continua vigilancia de la contaminacion ambiental, mediante la seleccion acertadamente dirigida de las zonas afectadas y de las fuentes de contaminacion. 3. Realizar estudios acerca de las poblaciones de animales silvestres, y del exito de los procesos reproductivos de las especies o grupos clayes de animales que se consideran mas gravemente afectados. 4. Preparar recomendaciones para una accion gubernamental de proteccion al hombre, a la fauna silvestre y al medio ambiente. Recomendaciones para la Accion Administrativa: 1. Establecer limites a la tolerancia de los residuos de plaguicidas en los alimentos. Constituye una medida clave para disminuir la contaminacion ambiental. 2. Establecer normas de calidad del agua para las corrientes, represas, la gos y otros cuerpos. Es la segunda medida clave para reducir la contaminacion del ambiente 3. Exigir un tratamiento adecuado de los efluentes industriales, especialmente antes de que se construyan las nuevas plantas. 4. Exigir a los agricultores que en el uso de plaguicidas sigan los consejos tecnicos autorizados y negar a los vendedores el derecho a recomendar productos por su cuenta. 5. Tomar medidas para recoger y eliminar los recipientes y sobrantes de los plaguicidas.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contribucion al Estudio Especial: La Agricultura y la Contaminacion del Medio Abiente de Venezuela.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"Spanish","publisher":"Consejo de Bienestar Rural","publisherLocation":"Caracas, Venezuela","collaboration":"Abril de1972","usgsCitation":"Stickel, L., and Stickel, W.H., 1972, Los plaguicidas y la contaminacion del medio ambiente Venezolano, chap. of Contribucion al Estudio Especial: La Agricultura y la Contaminacion del Medio Abiente de Venezuela., 74.","productDescription":"74","numberOfPages":"74","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640c99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stickel, L.F.","contributorId":41095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickel","given":"L.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stickel, W. 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